[HN Gopher] Is an Intel N100 or N150 a better value than a Raspb...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Is an Intel N100 or N150 a better value than a Raspberry Pi?
        
       Author : transpute
       Score  : 242 points
       Date   : 2025-07-04 12:08 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.jeffgeerling.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.jeffgeerling.com)
        
       | voxadam wrote:
       | Unless you need the features on the Pi's 40-pin GPIO connector or
       | _very_ low power consumption a mini PC is a much better bet for
       | general compute.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | As the article shows, even power consumption can be debatable.
         | If you're looking to get a certain amount of work done, the
         | Intel mini PC can do it faster expending less power thanks to
         | the smaller transistor size it uses. Maybe there are scenarios
         | where continuous idle power is more important and the RPi still
         | wins (there's no idle power graph in the article) but even if
         | you're power-constrained, the Pi isn't the best choice anymore.
         | 
         | The GPIO header and community remain a solid reason to still
         | opt for the Pi, but the age of "raspberry pi as a cheap home
         | server" is pretty much over, thanks to Intel and AMD slowly
         | watching up to ARM.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | it was over as soon as the Pi went out of stock and unit
           | price skyrocketed since 2020.
        
           | whazor wrote:
           | Note that the Odroid H3 with an Intel N5105 can do less than
           | 2W< idle, which is competitive with the RPI5. The next
           | generation H4 is even more efficient.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | rpi 5 is _not_ a low power device, or at least not noticeably
         | lower power than atom systems.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | I think I mostly agree. To me, the Pi Zero is the real product
         | these days. The regular Pi models are too expensive and more
         | powerful than they need to be. The Zero is more in line with
         | the original concept in my opinion.
        
       | close04 wrote:
       | > But newsflash: used is different than new.
       | 
       | I'd put it differently, "you can't have used without the new".
       | They might not be all that different in practice but you can't
       | have everyone buying used. For every used unit sold, someone had
       | to buy it new first.
       | 
       | I agree with the rest. Having a bunch of RPi up to RPi4 in the
       | house, I'm having a harder time finding its proper niche. I don't
       | need the GPIO or the relatively small footprint in general, and
       | from power and performance perspective it doesn't have an edge
       | anymore. RPis stopped excelling at many things they used to, as
       | the price to fix some of the bigger downsides. It just doesn't
       | strike the best compromise for most of my uses (same from what my
       | RPi-fan friends tell me).
       | 
       | But despite reviews like this everyone should make their own
       | assessment. There's no one size fits all. I run a RPi because I
       | could power via PoE. Another one because there was no room for
       | anything larger.
        
         | willglynn wrote:
         | I've had great results with N100 mini PCs including Power over
         | Ethernet. Here's an N100, PoE, 2.5GBASE-T, case, 8 GB RAM, 128
         | GB SSD for $129 refurbished:
         | 
         | https://refurbished.minisforum.com/products/minisforum-s100-...
         | 
         | I have zero applications where a Pi5 makes more sense than
         | either a mini PC or a large microcontroller.
        
           | irusensei wrote:
           | The s100 is not very stable on PoE+.
        
           | close04 wrote:
           | Great suggestion, I'll keep an eye on this. Not sure if this
           | is 802.3af, or 802.3at, or even 802.3bt. I wouldn't want to
           | upgrade the switch for this alone.
           | 
           | The S100 product page gives me this brilliant description :).
           | 
           | > The processor Intel N100 is the perfect home for the
           | architects of Gracemont and the perfect combination of
           | processes and processes, 7 d'Intel, 4 cores and 4 threads,
           | maximum RPM at 3,4 GHz, 24EU and graphite centroids and TDP.
           | seulement 6 W. La consommation and production of chaleur It's
           | the perfect place to be. It's a great deal, it's a process,
           | it's N5105, it's N100, it's a sign, it's augmentation, it's
           | maximum CPU, it's 500 MHz, it's L3 cache, it's 2 MB.
        
         | happymellon wrote:
         | I ended up moving my Home Assistant to a used Surface tablet.
         | Not really any difference in price to a Pi once you counted all
         | the case, etc. yet it also had a built in screen to make it
         | easier for the family to troubleshoot.
         | 
         | There are a few form factors that end up making more sense than
         | a pi with a little thought.
        
       | analog31 wrote:
       | I think the appeal of the RPi has to do with the amount of online
       | tutorials that beginners can understand, and the experience of
       | assembling something from pieces.
        
         | unsigner wrote:
         | I agree with the experience of assembling something from pieces
         | is valuable.
         | 
         | But if you don't want that, there's no need for "online
         | tutorials for beginners" and that shouldn't be counted as an
         | additional appeal. It's just Windows.
        
         | hypercube33 wrote:
         | Also, rasbian is super solid to those tutorials I have found -
         | they don't seem to pull repositories every version so you can
         | still install things easily.
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | There are even more tutorial for mini-pc since they are using a
         | x64 architecture.
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | Not for a lot of use cases, like how to get 4G/5G cellular
           | connectivity, how to monitor something using an embedded/tiny
           | camera and a small machine learning model, or how to build a
           | little HMI device using a 4" touchscreen...
           | 
           | For basic homelab use cases, almost any computer is fine, but
           | for IoT-style stuff especially, a Pi-focused will have a lot
           | more hits, and the tutorials won't apply to any of the mini
           | PCs.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | At least half of the "how to do X on a raspberry pi" beginner
         | tutorials don't actually use any RPi specific features like
         | GPIO and apply equally well to Linux desktops.
        
         | ChrisRR wrote:
         | The problem with a lot of pi stuff is that a lot of it is just
         | so out of date, especially as the community just didn't fully
         | transition to the RPI5
         | 
         | So for running things on an N100 it works in the same way as
         | any other PC
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | > the experience of assembling something from pieces.
         | 
         | What pieces? RPis are single board computers, no assembly
         | required.
         | 
         | If Intel NUCs were sold without a case/shell, they'd probably
         | be able to appeal more to the same hobby market RPi dominates
         | (although the RPi does still look more aesthetically pleasing)
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Yes. You can stick 32gb memory in a N100 and don't need an
       | adapter to get away from the god awful SD cards...
       | 
       | Can still make sense for the tinkering ecosystem and
       | compatibility for niche uses cases, but overall the value just
       | isn't there and hasn't been since gen4
        
         | g-mork wrote:
         | what is this, memory for ants? you can fit a 48 GB stick in
         | there. insane premium, but who doesn't want their pocket
         | mainframe to be as packed out as possible
        
           | Havoc wrote:
           | Yeah heard 48gb works, but also heard of people having
           | stability issues above 16gb.
           | 
           | I personally had 32gb work out but all seems pretty hit &
           | miss
        
         | hn_throw2025 wrote:
         | I got away from the SD cards some time ago... Just about the
         | only source of unreliability I have experienced on the Pi
         | platform.
         | 
         | You can boot from a USB attached SSD or HDD.
        
           | Havoc wrote:
           | >only source of unreliability I have experienced
           | 
           | Consider yourself lucky then.
           | 
           | Tried that then discovered there is a Pi/UASP incompatibility
           | with the USB adapter I bought. So need to disable that
           | murdering what little speed the USB contraption had.
           | 
           | And then the power supply isn't sufficient anymore so buy a
           | different one. Only to discover it was actually the cable not
           | the supply. Then you start to investigate SSD power draw
           | realize wait how does that even work USB can't provide that
           | much. Only to learn that USB attached SSDs run in low power
           | mode. Not that it matters cause it's USB throughput
           | constrained anyway and adapters don't use x4 lanes on the
           | nvme.
           | 
           | I do have multiple rasps set up like that, but I consider it
           | mistakes learned the hard way rather than a desirable setup.
        
             | hn_throw2025 wrote:
             | Hmm. I currently have a HDD and SSD attached to the USB
             | ports of a Raspberry Pi 4B. I leave in on 24/7 as a media
             | streamer and a PiHole.
             | 
             | It does however have an Argon One PSU which is capable of
             | supplying 3.5A.
             | 
             | I learned early on to not skimp on the PSU, and have mostly
             | used official Raspberry Pi PSUs in order to avoid brownout
             | unreliability.
        
               | Havoc wrote:
               | Yeah they definitely have their uses. I've got a cluster
               | of SBCs which is fun (mix of rasp4 & 32gb orange pis),
               | but in hindsight I kinda wish I had spent the cash on one
               | powerful device instead.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | > DDR5 SO-DIMMs are not compatible with DDR4 SO-DIMM slots--just
       | something I learned on this project... I knew full-size DIMMs
       | were incompatible due to the extra on-stick ECC circuit on DDR5
       | RAM, I just didn't know the same applied to SO-DIMMs. Obvious in
       | hindsight, but something to keep in mind.
       | 
       | Umm... what?
        
         | Retr0id wrote:
         | Which part is unclear?
        
           | wtallis wrote:
           | The on-die ECC used by DDR5 (and pretty much all other recent
           | DRAM) actually doesn't have many compatibility implications,
           | precisely because it's done entirely on-die unlike
           | traditional ECC memory modules that include an extra one or
           | two chips to enable end to end ECC managed by the CPU's
           | memory controller.
           | 
           | The more significant incompatibilities between DDR4 and DDR5
           | are in the power delivery (DDR5 has voltage regulators on the
           | module rather than on the motherboard) and rearranging of the
           | address bus and command encoding.
        
             | Retr0id wrote:
             | Oh, right, yeah I see the meta-confusion. They are
             | incompatible for a bunch of reasons, of which ECC is not
             | particularly relevant.
        
           | scrlk wrote:
           | The incompatibility between DDR4 and DDR5 DIMMS is also
           | enforced by a physically different notch and slot. It's
           | always been this way.
        
             | Retr0id wrote:
             | Sure, but it's only obvious once you know that. Given that
             | the N100 itself supports both DDR4 and DDR5, I think the
             | confusion is entirely understandable.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | DDR 4 and 5 are incompatible just because of the ecc?
           | 
           | You could desolder the ecc chip off a ddr 5 stick and then
           | just plug it into a ddr 4 slot?
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | The reason why the author thought these might be
           | interchangeable in the first place?
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | I found that perfectly clear and unambiguous...
        
       | PoshBreeze wrote:
       | Yes. You can get dirt cheap mini-pcs / NUC like devices on ebay
       | for next to nothing and they aren't too crazy on the power front.
       | 
       | The biggest problem for the Raspberry PI platform if you are
       | using it as a home server or like a lite desktop is the lack of
       | proper storage.
       | 
       | However I do like the pi for things where you set them up and
       | forget about it. I run a pi-hole on an old Pi 2. However that
       | could be run as a docker container on a small home server / NAS.
        
         | subscribed wrote:
         | You cannot just compare raspberry pi specifically with all the
         | slew of the random no name / ephemeral mini-pc builds, they're
         | not the same.
         | 
         | I was trying to find something deemed reliable for myself (I
         | need two: one to replace kodi, one as the home storage) and I
         | just don't know. Some have good prices and terrifyingly bad
         | reviews, some look decent but in-depth reviews show significant
         | design shortcomings (eg very bad air circulation inside, 2.5G
         | ports but one chip for this and dosk, for example.
        
           | kccqzy wrote:
           | If you want a name brand mini PC, I'll note that System76
           | also sells one under the name of Meerkat. And traditionally
           | Intel sells them itself but these days the official successor
           | is ASUS.
        
           | PoshBreeze wrote:
           | You can compare them because they overlap in use cases
           | especially as lite-desktop/emulation/media/home-server.
           | 
           | The PC ecosystem is more open so of course you are going to
           | find lots of no name brands on amazon/ebay/ali-express or
           | wherever you are looking. These N100/N150 piece of kit have
           | 1000s of reviews on youtube. There are a few brands that seem
           | dominate and seem to be reasonably well built.
           | 
           | A lot of the mini-pcs / nuc you find on ebay are
           | Dell/Lenovo/HP decommissioned stuff that you can put 16/32gb
           | of ram in and a proper NVME. To do something similar with a
           | PI you need to buy a PI5 and some additional hardware, it
           | about two/three times more expensive. Yes they do consume
           | more power but typically it isn't crazy.
           | 
           | The ARM ecosystem isn't just RPi either. There are other
           | manufacturers offering small credit sized arms boards but
           | their drivers/software/firmware isn't nearly as good as the
           | RPi.
        
           | import wrote:
           | You can get beelink or minisforum. I have both and they're
           | rock solid.
        
       | LikeBeans wrote:
       | I think both are great. It depends on what you need and the
       | requirements you want to hit. I use an RPi for as a Pi-Hole for
       | example. It works great. Low power and just that one task.
       | Performs nicely. And cheap. However for my firewall (PfSense) I
       | use a mini PC because I want the throughput especially when I VPN
       | into it. Also works great for that task. So I think of it in
       | terms of 'task' and it's footprint (ie storage/mem) and
       | throughput.
        
         | voxadam wrote:
         | > However for my firewall (PfSense) I use a mini PC because I
         | want the throughput especially when I VPN into it.
         | 
         | Plus, neither pfSense nor OPNsense run on Arm or _any_ non-x86
         | system.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | You can't run a DNS server on the same mini PC? Seems like that
         | would be ideal.
         | 
         | I run PiHole on a Pi Zero, which isn't really comparable to any
         | mini PC in cost or performance. It uses such little resources
         | that I'm surprised that most new routers don't offer the DNS
         | filtering features out of the box these days.
        
           | p_ing wrote:
           | Pi-Hole specifically has a limited number of officially
           | supported OSes - https://docs.pi-
           | hole.net/main/prerequisites/. PfSense/Opnsense run on top of
           | FreeBSD which is not supported by Pi-Hole.
           | 
           | I assume this is true of pfSense, but Opnsense has a number
           | of available DNS server options built into the distribution.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | Yeah, thats why I asked about a DNS server running on there
             | and not just a PiHole. Is there any reason to perfer PiHole
             | over the Opnsense options?
        
               | geerlingguy wrote:
               | Pi-hole is a little easier for someone who's not into
               | networking to deploy. I would give a beginner Pi-hole
               | much sooner than I would introduce them to OPNsense. (I
               | run both, OPNsense for my studio network, and Pi-hole +
               | Asuswrt-merlin for my homelab)
        
               | dizhn wrote:
               | I installed pihole once. Not a fan. Since then I've been
               | using Adguard Home. It's a single go binary so it would
               | work fine on pfsense/opnsense either directly or in a
               | jail.
        
       | transpute wrote:
       | Some industrial Atom N150 boards include GPIO, SATA, M.2,
       | discrete TPM and TXT/DRTM-capable BIOS for Windows IoT and future
       | Linux, https://www.cnx-software.com/news/twin-lake/.
       | 
       | There are some creative NAS form factors with N150, but BIOS
       | updates from random OEMs are not predictable, https://www.cnx-
       | software.com/news/nas/. Hopefully coreboot can support more Atom
       | N150 devices.
        
       | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
       | I'm kind of curious as to why Gflops is the chosen basis for
       | asserting performance superiority? Most user workloads exercise
       | integer and I/O performance much more heavily. Linpack HPL
       | evaluates CPU (not GPU) floating point performance IIRC so it's
       | not a representative workload.
        
         | geerlingguy wrote:
         | I typically run a suite of workloads (see https://sbc-
         | reviews.jeffgeerling.com), but I like HPL as it's been a
         | consistent relative performance metric for decades, especially
         | for efficiency utilizing all available memory.
         | 
         | There's always danger to focusing on one metric or benchmark
         | too much, but I also enjoy comparing each system or cluster I
         | build to the historic 'top500' list, to see what decade we're
         | in for small clusters of mini computers.
        
       | syntheticnature wrote:
       | > I have a video that goes through everything in this post,
       | embedded below:
       | 
       | > If you prefer to read the post instead, please continue:
       | 
       | More sites like this, please
        
         | Gracana wrote:
         | I recently noticed that Skatterbencher does this, with articles
         | for each video. It's a fantastic format, especially in cases
         | where the content is something you might want to refer to later
         | without having to rewatch the whole thing.
        
           | pbronez wrote:
           | This is probably something AI can help with. Given a
           | published video, write a blog post version. With some work
           | you can probably get a first draft with solid links and
           | appropriate tone, reducing the effort down to an hour per
           | post or better.
        
         | MrGilbert wrote:
         | I also like "tl;dr:" at the beginning. Straight to the point.
        
         | geerlingguy wrote:
         | The thing is, the site earns me maybe $100-200 in Amazon
         | Affiliates referral links per month (which is nothing to sneeze
         | at... but that's not moving the needle on a mortgage payment).
         | 
         | I put maybe 10-15 hours/month into writing and prepping blog
         | posts (every one is either fully written from scratch _after_
         | making a video, or is my transcript edited for
         | blog/readership).
         | 
         | My blog is mostly a scratchpad for my own needs (I like being
         | able to Google my projects, so I can use Google/DDG as my own
         | note search engine), but I get why many people who make video
         | (which _can_ earn an income) don 't spend the extra time and
         | write up decent blog posts as well.
         | 
         | (But I prefer reading much more than video content).
        
       | Neywiny wrote:
       | I appreciate the nm discussion. So often people bash larger
       | process nodes but the wider gates are often/always better at
       | static power consumption, and mature lithographies mean more
       | research into optimization. It's not just smaller = better. My
       | understanding is that smaller nodes reduce dynamic power due to
       | lower gate capacitance (because the fet is just smaller), but
       | there's a lot to the story, like architecture as mentioned.
        
       | firesteelrain wrote:
       | Are the two boards even in the same category or class?
       | 
       | I use RPi for little hobby projects
       | 
       | - RPi Pico for being the payload that flies around the world in a
       | PicoBalloon
       | 
       | - Decoding NOAA weather imagery and storing it in my Google Drive
       | 
       | - Full time AIS message decoder and tracker
       | 
       | - Full time ADS-B and MLAT receiver
       | 
       | - Runs my RetroPie setup
       | 
       | - Runs my OctoPrint setup
       | 
       | I wouldn't replace much of that with an Intel NUC style computer
        
         | dvdkon wrote:
         | Except for the Pico (which is very different from the full
         | RPi), you could do all that with a mini-PC.
         | 
         | There are certainly usecases, especially using the RPi's low-
         | level IO, where that's not possible, but as you yourself have
         | shown, people do often get into situations where they are
         | competitors.
        
           | geon wrote:
           | The more standardized hardware if the rpi tends to make a lot
           | of stuff much easier.
        
           | firesteelrain wrote:
           | I just can't see putting the NUC in my attic for example with
           | my ADSB receiver
        
         | transpute wrote:
         | Intel N150 + GPIO in credit card size form factor,
         | https://www.cnx-software.com/2025/06/24/aaeon-up-twl-and-up-...
        
           | LtWorf wrote:
           | Is linux support as good?
        
             | transpute wrote:
             | Is Linux support for Intel N150 (x86) as good as Linux
             | support for RPi (Arm SoC N of M)?
             | 
             | Generalist x86 is usually better supported than specialist
             | Arm, but newer drivers (e.g. NICs) may take time to mature.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | There's more to the CPU on a SoC.
        
         | Daviey wrote:
         | > I wouldn't replace much of that with an Intel NUC style
         | computer
         | 
         | Can you explain why?
        
           | dgacmu wrote:
           | I'm not the GP, but for my ads-b decoder, it runs on a Pi
           | Zero 2W, which at the time cost under $15 and draws very
           | little power. It's convenient having the computer right next
           | to the antenna to avoid thinking about cables. Runs for a
           | couple days on 100Wh of backup battery.
           | 
           | (I personally find a ton of value out of the Pico and the
           | zero, and less out of the main main, higher powered raspberry
           | Pi line)
        
         | ChrisRR wrote:
         | > I wouldn't replace much of that with an Intel NUC style
         | computer
         | 
         | Why is that? Because you think the N100 isn't capable enough or
         | for some other reason? Because N100 definitely can outperform a
         | raspberry pi
         | 
         | But a pi pico is definitely a totally different thing. I don't
         | think anyone here is talking about replacing a microcontroller
         | with a PC
        
           | firesteelrain wrote:
           | For the weather imagery one or any ham radio, it has to live
           | outside which RPi is more suited such as RPi 3B
        
       | AutoAPI wrote:
       | I just purchased a Beelink Mini S13 with 16GB ram and 1TB drive
       | on Amazon for ~$200 to use as a Docker host on my local network
       | and have been very happy with it so far.
       | 
       | I immediately wiped it and installed Ubuntu Server. I chose
       | Coolify to manage Docker and local domains, and that took a bit
       | of work to get going, but now I can spin up local services and
       | containers on local domains and play with random stuff
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Very similar here. I got a beelink a few years about with lower
         | specs than yours and has worked great as a ZoneMinder host
         | after a wiping windows and installing Linux.
        
       | glimshe wrote:
       | It's a no brainer IMHO. I stopped using my Pis after the N100s
       | appeared on the market and have been advocating them since then.
       | 
       | I like the idea of using ARM, but the value and convenience
       | simply isn't there. The Pi remains great for certain embedded
       | applications, though.
        
         | declan_roberts wrote:
         | Did you not use any of the pi's IO?
        
           | LtWorf wrote:
           | I think most people here just do software... which defeats
           | the point of using a rpi.
        
           | glimshe wrote:
           | I do not. I just needed a small computer for miscellaneous
           | jobs, such as file serving and emulation. I think this is the
           | case with most people who buy one.
        
       | poulpy123 wrote:
       | This year I built a NAS . My focus was to optimize the price not
       | the power, so I planned to go with a raspberry 5 or a raxda 5c
       | because of their lower consumption. For what I gathered a RPI 5
       | and similar draw 3W idle and 12W at full power and a N100 based
       | computer draw 9W at idle and 24W at full power (approximately of
       | course).
       | 
       | But then I looked at the power consumption of the consumer grade
       | HDD disks. 4 disks would add between 10 and 14W at idle and
       | between 16 and 20W in operation, and suddenly the advantage of
       | the arm based computers in power consumption is less striking.
       | 
       | Moreover you can find on AliExpress N100 mini-pc for 120EUR with
       | 16gb RAM and 512gb SSD. Aliexpress is risky but it was much less
       | than the RPI5 with 16GB RAM or just a bit more than the raxda 5C
       | 16GB , both without drive, case and power supply. And the raxda
       | 5C would have been also bought in AliExpress so no almost as
       | risky as my N100.
       | 
       | At the end, for cheaper to buy and not too much more expensive in
       | power consumption I went with the mini-pc. I lost the possibility
       | to use extension cards, especially the one that allows to connect
       | up to 5 HDD, but a 4 port USB HDD dock proved sufficient for my
       | needs.
        
         | PhilipRoman wrote:
         | >N100 based computer draw 9W at idle
         | 
         | That number seems suspicious. Right now my i5-6500T server is
         | idling at <5W and an N100 is supposed to be even more
         | efficient.
        
           | wltr wrote:
           | How would you guys properly measure that? I have my suspicion
           | that my Intel processor also quite not too heavy at idling.
        
             | mjh2539 wrote:
             | Buy a kill-a-watt wall wart.
        
               | blipvert wrote:
               | At Walmart.
        
             | PhilipRoman wrote:
             | I use an electrical outlet meter. It's roughly EUR10, the
             | only annoying thing is everything rebooting each time I
             | want to move it.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | i wonder if there's a market for pre-made cables with a
               | "loop" in the hot wire, for using clamp ammeters, or a
               | cable where in addition to the choke ferrule, there's
               | another "ferrule" - current transformer - on the hot wire
               | with "test points", where those test points are to a
               | transformer winding around the hot wire. That way you
               | could just put those cables on things you want to know
               | the power consumption of, rather than having to move a
               | kill-a-watt or whatever.
               | 
               | I could make either, but they wouldn't be "certified", as
               | i'd be either replacing plugs or cutting into the wire
               | itself to add a pigtail.
        
               | geerlingguy wrote:
               | Matthias Wandel measures power that way:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P47pjVyPP3w
        
               | bialpio wrote:
               | You may be looking for "AC line splitter".
               | 
               | One example: https://www.harborfreight.com/15-amp-
               | professional-ac-line-sp...
               | 
               | Edit: s/splicer/splitter, damn autocorrect.
        
               | mystified5016 wrote:
               | Yup. They even typically come with separate 1x and 10x
               | loops.
               | 
               | They're a common pack-in item with low- and high-end
               | clamp meters.
        
             | dgacmu wrote:
             | The easy path, as someone suggested, is a kill-a-watt that
             | you just plug it into.
             | 
             | The less intrusive path for some definition of less
             | intrusive is a clamp ammeter if you can expose one of the
             | AC wires (you have to clamp around an individual wire, not
             | both hot and neutral). But then you don't need to unplug
             | the system to measure it.
             | 
             | The third overkill option is to have it plugged into a
             | full-time power monitoring and control device, such as a
             | zigbee home automation plug switch. ;)
        
               | mkesper wrote:
               | This can actually be life threatening if done without
               | proper tools and working fast fuses. So just use a kill-
               | a-watt or any other such tool for safety! NB they're
               | maybe not 100% exact but good enough to give an estimate.
        
               | bityard wrote:
               | A clamp meter does not expose you to any live uninsulated
               | wires unless you are doing it very wrong.
               | 
               | (Although they also tend to be not very accurate for low
               | current measurements. So this isn't a use case I would
               | recommend them for.)
        
               | scottbez1 wrote:
               | Clamp meters are completely safe. The only risk is if you
               | DIY your power cable so you can clamp one lead, but
               | that's not necessary if you just buy an AC line splitter
               | plug. And those often come with the hot looped around so
               | you can get a 10x reading for better fidelity at lower
               | current draw.
               | 
               | But these days I just skip the clamp meter and throw Ikea
               | Inspelning zigbee plugs anywhere I want power
               | measurement.
        
               | chaoskitty wrote:
               | Doing anything can be life threatening. We don't need to
               | assume that people who decide to do a thing are the same
               | as you.
        
               | jkortufor wrote:
               | There are $10 Chinese kill-a-watts with color display,
               | and live Bluetooth data recording.
               | 
               | It's fun stating a CPU intensive job and watch the graph
               | spike.
        
               | vintagedave wrote:
               | Do you have any names or links? I tried a Temu version a
               | while back and even getting it connected to wifi was
               | hopeless.
        
             | vladvasiliu wrote:
             | I have a regular i5-6500 in an HP 800 G2 SFF. It has 32 GB
             | RAM (2x8+16), two Samsung 840 SSDs and a 4-port i350
             | network card. It Linux as a KVM host with OpnSense and Home
             | Assistant on top.
             | 
             | According to some watt-meter I got off Amazon it idles at
             | 14W with the 4 interfaces UP but next to no traffic. I
             | consider it idling when the CPU usage as reported by the
             | host is under 5%.
             | 
             | Now the watt-meter isn't some top-of-the-line exotic model,
             | just a random Chinese thingy, but it seems to measure close
             | enough to what I expect some other devices to pull.
        
               | venusenvy47 wrote:
               | I can vouch for the power draw in this type of system. I
               | have a Dell OptiPlex 7070 with i5-9500, 32GB and running
               | Proxmox with a Windows VM and a couple smaller instances.
               | I measure 8w idle from my Kill-a-Watt on the system. I
               | was really surprised at how low it is.
        
             | znpy wrote:
             | > How would you guys properly measure that?
             | 
             | I'm using smart plugs that have an open source firmware
             | called tasmota. I can scrape the values using prometheus
             | and can build dashboards with historical data.
        
             | transpute wrote:
             | USB-c cables with live PD power display can be chained with
             | PD-to-barrel converters for fixed voltage.
        
             | evil-olive wrote:
             | the author has a previous blog post about his monitoring
             | setup:
             | 
             | https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2025/how-i-monitor-and-
             | con...
             | 
             | I can recommend those Third Reality outlets as well, I have
             | about a dozen now and they Just Work with my Zigbee dongle
             | (Sonoff ZBDongle-P) and zigbee2mqtt / Home Assistant setup.
             | I use Home Assistant's Prometheus integration to get the
             | data into VictoriaMetrics, which lets me build Grafana
             | dashboards showing the usage of each plug over time.
        
           | poulpy123 wrote:
           | I may misremeber the exact number, but it was high enough
           | compared to a RPI
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | That sounds wrong, efficient intel chips should be very
             | comparable to pi's. Measurements for the futro s740 (j4105
             | CPU) were [0] around 2-4 W idle when properly configured
             | 
             | [0]: https://github.com/R3NE07/Futro-S740/blob/main/power_c
             | onsump...
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | how did you get a 6500T to idle so low? Is that CPU power or
           | total system power? I have a T part from the next generation,
           | I don't remember the exact model. It's low but it isn't that
           | low.
        
             | ndriscoll wrote:
             | The processors themselves all seem to be pretty efficient
             | at idle (there's apparently no real reason to get a T
             | processor. It just caps performance). It mostly depends on
             | everything else. The only place I know of to get this kind
             | of info is this thread[0] where people have been building
             | this spreadsheet[1]. Some threads on servethehome.com also
             | report when some pcie cards have broken power management
             | which can destroy idle efficiency.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.hardwareluxx.de/community/threads/die-
             | sparsamste...
             | 
             | [1] https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/0/d/1LHvT2fRp7I6
             | Hf18L...
        
             | PhilipRoman wrote:
             | Total system power (as in, drawn from the outlet)
             | 
             | I didn't do any significant customizations, it runs Alpine
             | Linux. Here is my powertop output:
             | Summary: 139.6 wakeups/second,  0.0 GPU ops/seconds, 0.0
             | VFS ops/sec and 0.9% CPU use                     Usage
             | Events/s    Category       Description
             | 100.0%                      Device         Audio codec
             | hwC0D0: Realtek                 480.6 us/s      38.3
             | Timer          tick_nohz_handler                 469.0 us/s
             | 24.6        Timer          hrtimer_wakeup
             | 330.0 us/s      23.2        Process        [PID 2121]
             | [irq/132-iwlwifi]                 281.2 us/s      10.1
             | Process        [PID 3278] containerd --config
             | /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
             | 28.9 us/s       9.5        kWork
             | toggle_allocation_gate                  52.4 us/s       7.5
             | Timer          inactive_task_timer                 279.3
             | us/s       4.6        Process        [PID 3279] containerd
             | --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
             | 363.9 us/s       4.5        Process        [PID 3306]
             | containerd --config
             | /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
             | 
             | The system as a whole spends around 95-97% of time in pc8
             | state.
        
           | rcarmo wrote:
           | Depends on what you have active on he board, especially
           | storage that isn't pushed to an idle state for some reason.
        
           | mmgutz wrote:
           | Can confirm 8-9w idle for my N100 homelab server having 1
           | NVMe SSD, 1 SATA SSD, 16GB RAM.
        
           | windowsrookie wrote:
           | 9W at idle for the N100 is similar to what I get with my N100
           | based PC. Although under windows it's often sitting at
           | 10-12W.
           | 
           | I also see lower power consumption with an 8th Gen intel Core
           | system.
           | 
           | The small cores that the N100 use are _size_ efficient, but
           | not necessarily _power_ efficient. The N100 chip is just not
           | that efficient power-consumption wise.
        
           | fswd wrote:
           | I am reading this right now on my N100 desktop and it's 7W
        
           | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
           | From what I've read, some N100 systems don't support the same
           | c-states as other systems and don't idle as low.
        
         | p_ing wrote:
         | If you want something less "risky", ASRock Industrial has mini
         | PCs which are great. I have an AliExpress N150, fully passive
         | which worked just fine but then I saw the shiny of the Arrow
         | Lake-H platform. Ended up getting a NUC BOX-225H for Opnsense.
         | Way overkill, it's great!
         | 
         | https://www.asrockind.com/en-gb/industrial-computer-system
         | 
         | The Arrow Lake-H platform can have up to 28 PCIe lanes where as
         | the N150 gets 9. Something to think about if you want dual NIC
         | + plenty of NVMe drives.
        
           | enronmusk wrote:
           | That's $550 on amazon/newegg. It's not in the same price
           | range at all.
        
             | p_ing wrote:
             | Oh, my bad, I don't recall mentioning price in my post.
             | Rather I mentioned a system that has the PCIe lanes to
             | accomidate 2.5G NICs + 4 NVMe drives without compromises.
        
               | akho wrote:
               | For the price, you can get four N150, with 36 lanes. It's
               | a pointless comparison.
        
               | wokkel wrote:
               | Use an odroid h4: 2x2.5gbe and a 4*1 m.2 bifurcation card
               | to get 4 nvme drives there. Performance is limited due to
               | ethernet anyway.
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | Weird number. I have one of those enterprise mini pc (think
         | EliteDesk pro mini) with an i9 (8c/16t), 64gb ram and 1 nvme
         | disk and it idles at ~2W.
         | 
         | The measurement was done via a smart plug running tasmota (and
         | the tasmota exporter) so I'd say it's pretty realistic.
         | 
         | I also have an HP MicroServer Gen8 with a 20W Xeon cpu (https:/
         | /www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/53401/i...) and
         | four disks... It also idles at ~21W (again, as reported from
         | tasmota-based smart plugs).
        
           | poulpy123 wrote:
           | I may misremember the number indeed, but it was definitively
           | not 2W
        
         | fnord77 wrote:
         | for US viewers, there's an N150 16Gb/512 that goes on sale on
         | amazon for $130 every few weeks
        
       | nacnud wrote:
       | Fan noise might be another consideration, given that some
       | projects have to share a home with a family. Anyone know whether
       | the N150 makes much noise?
        
         | taneliv wrote:
         | N150 by itself doesn't generate any noise, but the cooling fans
         | probably will. There are some fanless N150 solutions that are
         | perhaps of interest? Though they are likely at a higher price
         | point. I'm too lazy to copy and paste a link here, but search
         | for "fanless N150" for some references.
        
           | degrees57 wrote:
           | My brother went looking for an N100 with the quietest fan,
           | and gave it to me for Christmas two years ago. It has been an
           | excellent little desktop with no discernable noise that I can
           | tell. Morefine M8S, fwiw.
        
         | rcarmo wrote:
         | The N150 is only really useful with active cooling or a chunk
         | of metal bolted to it, and most manufacturers will pick the
         | cheapest possible fan, so yes, there will be some noise.
        
       | ijustlovemath wrote:
       | My steam deck has superceded my rpi for this kind of stuff.
       | Probably not as power efficient but I live in the South and use
       | A/C and hot water so I feel like those are far bigger spends of
       | electricity
        
       | user_7832 wrote:
       | Slightly tangential, does anyone know of a decent n100/150 board
       | that's not super expensive, has enough pcie for at least 2 ssds,
       | and is available ideally in India or the EU?
       | 
       | The vast majority of mini PC's with these processors don't have
       | pcie. The lattepanda mu is the closest product I've found so far.
       | 
       | All I want to do is run a server with 2 disks, but it seems
       | weirdly tough. (Ideally a small physical footprint server but I
       | can compromise on that a bit.)
        
         | p_ing wrote:
         | N150 only supports 9 PCIe lanes.
         | 
         | https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/241636/...
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | If you search n100 nas board you should find some interesting
         | stuff. Boards with 6 sata already crammed in. Potentially more
         | if you use an m2 to sata adapter.
        
       | Damogran6 wrote:
       | I used RPi's for years for little stuff like DNS and file sharing
       | and when I b it the bullet and got a surplus DELL SFF office PC
       | things just started working a little bit better.
       | 
       | yeah, docker images and the like are supposed to be platform
       | intependent, but there's 'supposed to' and 'is'
       | 
       | Running Ubuntu (and later Proxmox) on it just worked a tad bit
       | better. I was into it for about $160 (purchased from Microcenter)
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | I got RPi 5. Wanted to create a little server for my files,
       | source code repository etc. I bought it with NVMe hat. Gone
       | through 3 1TB drives that supposed to be compatible with it.
       | Unfortunately none of it was stable. File system would have weird
       | errors, but on top of that networking would go out after few
       | hours or days and RPi would need a hard reboot.
       | 
       | I just threw the RPi into the drawer and bought N100. Installed
       | WSL on Windows 11 and everything just works. It's been up for
       | almost a year now, not a single reboot or network problem.
        
       | whywhywhywhy wrote:
       | It's genuinely crazy how much better value an N100 is and how
       | much better it works out of the box than a Pi for anything that
       | is a little server, plex/jellyfin, self hosting project that
       | doesn't need to talk to electronics/GPIO.
       | 
       | Caveat being about my comment is my N100 us used mostly as a
       | Jellyfin server/torrent downloader running windows but has two
       | SSDs inside it and has worked flawlessly for 2 years. Not sure
       | how well it performs under Linux but I've used Pi's a lot
       | previously and this beats it in terms of getting the job done and
       | in price for a similar Pi setup.
        
         | sigmoid10 wrote:
         | To be fair it wasn't always like that. I remember a time when
         | you could get a semi-top-of-the-line raspberry model for under
         | 30 bucks. That was peak hobbyist time for me and I still have
         | many of those lying around, but I haven't bought a new one for
         | a long time now. First they went through some weird feature
         | creep, then the pandemic hit with supply chain issues, then
         | inflation, then the IPO... It's nice that the founders got to
         | make bank with something that has immeasurable value for
         | letting people discover modern tech, but somewhere along the
         | line they got completely lost. Looking at the N100 I feel like
         | building something again for the first time in years. It's not
         | as pure as it was back then, but damn it is useful.
        
           | FirmwareBurner wrote:
           | _> I remember a time when you could get a semi-top-of-the-
           | line raspberry model for under 30 bucks._
           | 
           | You still can, but its performance will be dog-slow at
           | PC/web/server tasks compared to an Intel NUC off the used
           | market.
           | 
           | That's why most people who bough those RPis had them
           | collecting dust after a few weeks since you can blink LEDs
           | with an 5$ Arduino/ESP32 too.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | > tou can blink LEDs with an 5$ Arduino/ESP32 too.
             | 
             | At the time the RPi came out I don't believe Wi-Fi-enabled
             | microcontrollers were a thing or were as widespread. RPi
             | was the OG low-cost, popular Wi-Fi "microcontroller".
             | 
             | You are right that nowadays a lot of that can easily be
             | done on an ESP32.
        
         | comboy wrote:
         | There was maybe a short period of time when RPi offered a
         | decent compute for money if ever. But all of that time it's
         | about the ecosystem and simply being the most popular platform.
         | Any hardware library, you take it and you know somebody tested
         | it on this exact hardware with the same operating system. When
         | doing hardware stuff it can be really painful to debug. You
         | don't want to also be wondering if maybe some pin is handled
         | differently on your box than RPi etc.
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | Yeah; honestly if you're going to integrate I2C/UART/SPI,
           | cellular, serial bus stuff, PoE, or anything like that into a
           | project, the Pi (4/5) makes that simple, and almost always
           | painless.
           | 
           | Having well-supported GPIO and documented interfaces is nice,
           | when you want to do anything outside normal 'compute' use
           | cases.
           | 
           | The Pi 4 is still a great option for throwing into random
           | spots for $35 and burning 1-2W of power. The Pi 5 less so, in
           | that common homelab use case.
           | 
           | I wish they made a Pi Zero 2 non-W with an Ethernet port, for
           | $15; that would be the perfect little 'more than
           | microcontroller' endpoint for a lot of things.
        
             | edoceo wrote:
             | Ethernet w/POE
        
             | ZenoArrow wrote:
             | > I wish they made a Pi Zero 2 non-W with an Ethernet port,
             | for $15; that would be the perfect little 'more than
             | microcontroller' endpoint for a lot of things.
             | 
             | It's not a Raspberry Pi, but this Radxa board is more
             | powerful than a Pi Zero 2 and has the form factor you're
             | looking for. Price isn't that bad either (around $25 for
             | the cheapest model).
             | 
             | https://radxa.com/products/zeros/zero3e/
        
         | venusenvy47 wrote:
         | I found that the mini PCs with the N100 are much more
         | convenient because I don't have to deal with custom OS or
         | packages. I'm not a developer, and wanted the easiest method to
         | get a Linux server running. After struggling with the
         | limitations of the custom builds required for an SBC, I found
         | it so refreshing to be able to install the general Linux
         | distros available for the x86/x64 platforms.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | This is a very underrated feature of x86/64 platforms. All
           | these ARM boards sound (and can be) so fun, but the level of
           | polish leaves much to be desired when you're tired of
           | tinkering and want the project to be done.
        
           | mrbluecoat wrote:
           | Agreed. I spent years begging Linux to boot on Banana Pi's
           | and their cousins.
        
         | harshitaneja wrote:
         | RPi is a good option if one has less RAM requirements
         | especially if you take into account the quality of the drivers
         | and software support in general.
         | 
         | RPi can be a compelling option if you need lower power draw. It
         | does take some effort to squeeze out power efficiency but if
         | the requirement can't be handled by a microcontroller then it
         | is the most convenient of-the-shelf option.
         | 
         | For everything, RPi isn't a very compelling option. Even for
         | GPIO, during RPi shortage I started experimenting with just
         | using STM32 dev boards connected via USB to a NUC or an old PC
         | and it worked well. But I just prefer to use ESP8266 or ESP32
         | for those tasks most of the time. Bandwidth and latency of USB
         | communication/wifi to the main device has been low enough for
         | it not to be a concern for me and I recon outside of very
         | specific robotics cases it won't be for most.
         | 
         | CSI port is quite nice though and not many great alternatives.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | Depending on what you're doing, even for gpio. Just use a USB
         | gpio board.
         | 
         | https://www.adafruit.com/product/2264
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | man, i couldn't hit the upvote button hard enough. That is a
           | very cool breakout, thank you for the link. I'm already
           | thinkking about that breakout connected to the 16 channel PWM
           | breakout I already have. Now i can play around with servos,
           | and many other things, right from my laptop with all my usual
           | build tools instead of having to power up my pi zero and
           | connect over ssh first. I love Adafruit, they do so many cool
           | things.
        
           | puzzlingcaptcha wrote:
           | If you can do without SPI there's also
           | https://www.adafruit.com/product/4471 You can also just get
           | the chip (MCP2221A) in a DIP package and just pluck it in a
           | breadboard. All you need is two bypass caps and two pullup
           | resistors if you need I2C.
        
         | mrheosuper wrote:
         | it's the raspberry that becomes bad in value. I feel like their
         | price has never recovered since the hardware shortage during
         | covid.
        
         | jon_adler wrote:
         | It is also possible to get the best of both worlds. The ODYSSEY
         | features both a Celeron J4125 and RP2040 co-processor. I have
         | an older model and find this combination very handy. I run
         | Proxmox on it and it works very well.
         | 
         | https://www.seeedstudio.com/ODYSSEY-X86J4125800-v2-p-5531.ht...
        
         | wingworks wrote:
         | I got an old Mac mini 2014 like 5 years ago, 2nd hand,
         | installed Debian on it, and after the first few days smoothing
         | out bugs, it's worked rock solid since. On 24/7. Never heard
         | the fan ever spin up either. Not sure if that's just broken in
         | Debian or the fan just doesn't speed up unless really hot. But
         | either way, seems to not effected it thus far.
         | 
         | I mostly went this route vs Pi because I didn't want the pain
         | of working with ARM. x86 "just works" with 99% of things. Where
         | are a lot of cases with ARM you end up compiling code just to
         | do what you're after. Anything off the popular apps.
         | 
         | Things are better now, but still a risk.
        
         | astrostl wrote:
         | I got so dang sick of SD and enclosure fan failures on rPis.
         | Adore my $159-in-2024 Beelink S12 (N100/16GB/512GB).
        
         | chrisfosterelli wrote:
         | Agreed. Especially for a home media server, an underrated
         | element not mentioned in the article is that something like the
         | N150 is going to have intel quicksync for hardware transcoding,
         | and the pi is going to be stuck with software implementations
         | if it needs to transcode something which is going to make a big
         | difference in streaming media performance.
        
       | dingi wrote:
       | This is not even a question if you don't need GPIO. N100/N150
       | brings so much value for money in almost any metric compared to
       | RPi.
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | I'd been a staunch supporter of RPi nodes for homelab work for a
       | decade (and don't get me wrong, I still love 'em), but the
       | various N100 miniPCs have been a pleasant little game changer.
       | Got two for $130 each fully loaded (N00/16GB RAM/512GB SSD),
       | slapped a 1TB SATA 2.5" SSD inside, threw Proxmox on them and
       | voila, I have a highly efficient homelab that hosts my Plex
       | server.
       | 
       | That said, there's three reasons I got them versus a RPi5:
       | 
       | * Built-in RTC with battery (no more post-power outage downtime)
       | 
       | * iGPU with video acceleration (for Plex/Jellyfin transcoding)
       | 
       | * PRICE (seriously, a comparably outfitted RPi5 would be twice
       | the price of these things!)
       | 
       | Intel has a little sleeper hit here, if they can get out of their
       | own way on pricing and marketing it. At sub-$150 versus a RPi5,
       | it's a no-brainer if you don't need GPIO support.
        
       | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
       | Currently on holiday and browsing on a Chuwi MinibookX N150
       | model. Comes with Windows 11, but I quickly set it up to dual-
       | boot Ubuntu 25.04. There were a couple of tweaks needed to rotate
       | the display properly (except for GRUB which doesn't seem
       | possible) and get the orientation sensor to work, but otherwise
       | I'm very impressed with it.
        
         | enronmusk wrote:
         | That appears to cost $352. Wouldn't it be much better to get a
         | used ThinkPad for that amount of money? The ThinkPad would have
         | better build quality and a more powerful processor.
        
           | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
           | A ThinkPad is a different form factor. The MiniBookX is a
           | 10.5inch lightweight (just under 1kg) machine with a 360
           | degree hinge (not that I ever use it like that). I've got a
           | recent ThinkPad (running Linux) provided by my work, but it's
           | a bit chunkier and not so good for holidaying.
        
             | enronmusk wrote:
             | Makes sense, thanks for clarifying!
        
       | o11c wrote:
       | Hmm, given the performance-vs-efficiency tradeoff, I wonder what
       | the efficiency of the NUC is if the Intel CPU is throttled to
       | ~equivalent performance?
       | 
       | `cpufreq-set` has been a lifesaver for me on hardware with poor
       | fans, but it's also useful for benchmarking.
        
       | tensility wrote:
       | The thing is, I don't use a RPi for desktop-like experiences, so
       | I don't want all of the accessories you've padded the price with
       | just to have a cheap unix node somewhere that I need a small
       | amount of compute or, especially, physical presence. For a
       | desktop UI experience, I have and prefer much better machines to
       | drive full desktop UIs than either a Pi or an N1x0. For that, I
       | use one of my Macs.
       | 
       | Of course, I already know we don't have similar needs or desires
       | for a desktop experience, because I haven't found a good reason
       | to run Windows for a couple of decades (since I'm not a PC gamer
       | type and that seems to be the primary interesting reason left for
       | running it), other than to occasionally boot up the newest
       | version and try it out to see if I'm actually missing much.
       | 
       | Also, for servers that get real load, I'd often rather run them
       | from (unix-based) containers in the cloud anyway, if only for
       | maintainability's sake. Heck, I already have NUCs depreciating
       | out in storage that I don't bother to use because a RPi is
       | usually a more solid and energy-efficient choice, unless I want a
       | decent desktop experience or need a high-load server, for which
       | purposes an N1x0 isn't usually the machine I want or need,
       | either.
       | 
       | Now, that said, if you do want a cheap minimal desktop experience
       | machine and you don't mind or even want the Windows experience, I
       | suppose a used N1x0 probably is a great choice.
       | 
       | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
         | tensility wrote:
         | Of course, something like the mini-NAS that Geerling describes
         | in the following article IS a great fit for an N1x0 machine.
         | These are really all just a spectrum of tools we have
         | available, many of which are better fit than others for
         | particular niches. A NAS seems like a perfect fit for N1x0. So,
         | yeah, my initial response was dumb, but so is dismissing the
         | RPi simply because you're trying to apply it to the wrong kinds
         | of use cases.
         | 
         | <https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2025/mini-nases-marry-
         | nvme...>
        
       | steelbrain wrote:
       | Unrelated to the contents of the article, but I really like how
       | the layout of the blog's comments is very similar to that of HN.
       | Functional. Minimalistic.
        
         | geerlingguy wrote:
         | Heh, guess what site I took as inspiration for the layout?
         | 
         | (And honestly, I can't imagine having a blog without comments
         | -- probably the majority of my blog posts are made better by
         | the discussion underneath.
        
       | zamadatix wrote:
       | Is the N150 really 0.59 W/flop less efficient than the BCM2712,
       | does the N150 just allow you to reach a higher peak performance
       | if you don't care about efficiency, or is the N150 truely already
       | limited to its optimal perf/watt? We can't actually tell because
       | the article only compared a 35.169 Gflops workload to a 62.067
       | Gflops workload.
       | 
       | I.e. how efficient the boxes running the same amount of work per
       | second, not how efficient are the boxes when you max them out to
       | different maxes. On the surface using Gflops/W feels like it
       | should normalize that until you consider perf/Watt is almost
       | never linear so you're left comparing apples to oranges in the
       | chart.
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | Yeah, in particular, what happens when you install the same
         | amount of ram in both and downclock the N150 to match the rpi
         | performance?
         | 
         | It's a bit of an odd comparison though because I don't think
         | that rpi5 is particularly power efficient among small linux
         | capable SBCs.
        
       | jekwoooooe wrote:
       | Raspberry pi is fairly overpriced and doesn't make sense unless
       | you want to spend exactly 50$ for some reason
       | 
       | If you need gpio, you can probably get away with an esp32
       | 
       | If you want a server, n100 based computer will be better
        
       | hollerith wrote:
       | I am writing these words on an N100.
       | 
       | I wanted a cheap PC small enough to store easily at my
       | girlfriend's house without a fan, i.e., without the _noises_ that
       | non-Apple non-Noctua fans tend to make as they get old.
       | 
       | (I looked for a Core i3-N305 or an N200, but could not find
       | either in a fanless mini PC.)
       | 
       | Am very happy with my purchase.
        
       | diggernet wrote:
       | I've been thinking about replacing an RPi4 running Kodi, and
       | N100/N150 seems with looking at. But one requirement is support
       | for remote control support, including power on and off
       | (preferably with discrete on/off commands). Anyone have
       | suggestions?
        
         | m101 wrote:
         | Is the only reason not to use a firestick for kodi local file
         | storage?
        
           | diggernet wrote:
           | That is one big reason, yes, but not the only one. I prefer
           | hardware where I can install the OS I choose, and to avoid
           | Amazon gadgets.
        
         | geerlingguy wrote:
         | Not sure about power on/off--you'd have to hack together a
         | solution for that separately, but I've had good luck with an IR
         | dongle like the Flirc USB: https://flirc.tv/products/flirc-usb-
         | receiver
        
           | diggernet wrote:
           | Yep, those are pretty nice. It's on/off that's really hard to
           | find. Discrete on, specifically, since with Flirc you can
           | handle off in software.
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | How do I toggle a GPIO on the N100?
        
         | gmiller123456 wrote:
         | Get an esp32 board for $3 and plug it in.
        
       | lossolo wrote:
       | I'm in the process of buying and evaluating mini-PCs to replace
       | my Pi 4. Right now, I'm trying out the Minix Z100-0dB, which is a
       | fanless N100 system. It's great--around 6W idle, with zero coil
       | whine or any other noise.
       | 
       | I also got a Geekom A5 with an AMD Ryzen 7430U, which is a 15W
       | TDP CPU that's about 3x faster than the N100. It's crazy, because
       | even though it has a fan, it idles at just 4W! (That's with an
       | additional 2.5" SSD connected via SATA, plus the standard 2 x 8GB
       | DDR4 and 512GB NVMe that came in the box.) I mean, it scores
       | around 15,000 on CPU Benchmark, compared to the N100's 5,000. And
       | the Pi is way below both of them.
        
       | Venn1 wrote:
       | Low cost x86_64 solutions beat the pants off ARM in the PPPITA
       | (performance per pain in the arse) department. The Raspberry Pi
       | software ecosystem advantage nopes the moment x86 shows up to the
       | party. Granted, it does suck the fun out of spending a weekend
       | trying to get an application to compile.
       | 
       | Whether it's Raspberry Pi, Orange Pi, Banana Pi, or anything
       | similar, by the time you buy the SBC and accessories, you're
       | looking at around $100. The N100 or N150 are obvious choices if
       | you're looking for a small, low power block of silicon to get
       | something done.
        
         | reactordev wrote:
         | I'm going to argue there's no difference in "ecosystem" between
         | arm and x86 anymore. It's as simple as compiling with a flag.
         | Your frustrations are your own.
         | 
         | I will give you the extra cost of the accessories and plugs you
         | need just to get a raspberry pi up and running.
        
           | andrewmcwatters wrote:
           | The Raspberry Pi ecosystem makes the device worthless as soon
           | as you factor in commodity parts that have been marked up far
           | beyond their generic counterparts. And then worst, all of the
           | vendors selling generics targeting Raspberry Pi devices mark
           | those up too, so it's wash. You're better off buying the
           | official accessories because there's no benefit to buying the
           | generics to save money.
           | 
           | After everything is accounted for, if you don't need access
           | to GPIO, Intel chips and all their related hardware are a
           | better value.
           | 
           | So Raspberry Pi beyond the model 4 isn't competitive anymore
           | unless you factor in this specific requirement.
        
             | reactordev wrote:
             | I love my Beelink mini PCs but there's a use case for going
             | raspberry pi and that's power draw. Way easier to build a
             | system that's solar or battery powered.
        
           | blarg1 wrote:
           | Currently with the latest pi os version, moonlight
           | streaming's video hardware support doesn't work.
           | 
           | While it's the the fault of the moonlight devs (also you can
           | compile it yourself to get it working), the binary package
           | version has been broken for 2+ months now.
           | 
           | If I was using archlinux on x86 I wouldn't have problems like
           | this.
        
             | reactordev wrote:
             | Stale packages are a distro problem, not a platform one.
             | You said so yourself, you can compile it and it works. Your
             | problem isn't with ARM. Arch on arm works fine.
        
               | wingworks wrote:
               | While not ARMs fault, the pain is still very real for the
               | end user. Compiling once is maybe ok, if you get lucky.
               | But more often than not you end up needing to compile
               | several things, and then again every time there is an
               | update you want. Trying to automatic that is also a pain.
               | 
               | It's just so much extra work, that I'd rather spend
               | working on my project, and not compiling.
               | 
               | I love that we in Linux world have compiling as an option
               | for most apps, but there is a time and place for it.
        
               | reactordev wrote:
               | Build chain problem, not an ARM one. That said, this is
               | THE WORST problem. Having to recompile all dependencies
               | to a platform target just so your own Makefile will
               | build.
               | 
               | I feel like distros have an obligation to cross compile
               | all packages for x86 and arm in their own build chains.
               | That's ultimately where this problem lies. You can't _apt
               | install_ the dependencies you need to _make install_ your
               | thing.
        
           | rcarmo wrote:
           | Actually, hardware video handling and not having to faff
           | about with weird bootloaders have been the main reasons I
           | have preferred mini-PCs
        
           | wpm wrote:
           | That's great if I have source code.
           | 
           | I don't always. I find plenty of Linux stuff that was never
           | compiled for ARM (printer drivers tend to be awful for this).
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | I'm not understanding this. so https://www.amazon.com/s?k=n150
         | versus https://www.amazon.com/s?k=raspberry+pi+5 ... what's the
         | claim here?
         | 
         | Is it that the pi is slow?
         | 
         | I'm not trying to disagree, I just don't see the savings
         | everyone in this thread is claiming.
        
           | anon-3988 wrote:
           | > Is it that the pi is slow?
           | 
           | Yes, its slow and its ARM-based. So if you want things to
           | just work (tm), N100 is a much, much better choice. You don't
           | have to fiddle around with the configs to reduce writes to
           | the SD card, figure out how to fix issues with ARM ecosystem,
           | yadda yadda yadda.
           | 
           | It also limits what you want to do. For example, it is simply
           | not powerful enough to run a smooth personal computer (video
           | watching + light browsing).
        
       | MaiSck wrote:
       | And you can run Windows! Sometimes that's needed.
        
         | blacksmith_tb wrote:
         | You can run ARM Win 11 on the RPi 5, even in VMs. But that
         | doesn't seem terribly practical, the little N100 I have running
         | Home Assistant cost less than $90... I will stick with the Zero
         | 2 W for anything in the sweet spot of "needs an OS but isn't
         | doing too much, and uses GPIO" and x86_64 for anything bigger.
        
           | rcarmo wrote:
           | If you want to call "running" it doing it without complete
           | networking and graphics support...
        
       | gmiller123456 wrote:
       | I actually unsubscribed from Jeff's channel after he published
       | that video. Anyone claiming the lack of a used RPi market means
       | we have to ignore the used market for everything else is just an
       | idiot. I'm going to compare the two no matter how much it bothers
       | the fanboys.
        
         | chaoskitty wrote:
         | Anyone who claims that pointing out the difference between new
         | and used is the same as telling you to ignore the used market
         | is just an idiot.
        
       | jacknews wrote:
       | "When did raspberry pis get so expensive?" from one of his
       | videos.
       | 
       | I'm guessing around the time they were bought/went public and
       | became for-profit.
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | As someone who has been avaluating ARM boards for years, the
       | answer is hell yes.
       | 
       | The only chipset/reference design combo that comes close is the
       | RK3588 (not close to the N100, just much closer to it than even
       | the Pi 5), from CPU features to PCI lanes.
        
       | knowitnone wrote:
       | One has exposed GPIOs for devs to play with. If you just want a
       | basic computer, N100s are great.
        
       | johnklos wrote:
       | Reddit is filled with posts where people try to make their values
       | in to everyone else's.
       | 
       | Want an Arm SBC? Get an N100 instead! Want a Ryzen to transcode
       | video? Get an N100 instead! Want a NAS? Get an N100 instead!
       | 
       | I get it, N100 people - you get a shiny new toy, and you want to
       | hype it up as the Next Best Thing that's a great choice for
       | everyone. The problem is that it's not the best choice for
       | everyone, and it's getting old hearing about it.
       | 
       | Here are some reasons the N100 isn't best:
       | 
       | SBCs are smaller and almost always take less power.
       | 
       | Intel QuickSync isn't the same quality as software based
       | transcoding, and not everyone wants to compromise on quality.
       | 
       | Like Jeff points out, N100 systems cost more, and the added
       | performance over a Pi of some sort isn't always needed (although
       | it's funny that the same people who point out the higher
       | performance of N100 over a Raspberry Pi will at the same time
       | dismiss a low power Ryzen :P).
       | 
       | They cost more.
       | 
       | N100 systems don't have enough PCIe lanes to replace certain I/O
       | heavy uses.
       | 
       | Some people don't like the x86 ecosystem. N100 fans try to tell
       | everyone that there's more software because it's x86, but that's
       | a _negative_ thing for some of us who prefer to install from
       | source.
       | 
       | Intel gatekeeps products by removing features when there's no
       | reason to do so. Even my 2014 AMD Athlon 5350 systems, which are
       | very decently performing low power systems and which I'm still
       | using as routers / firewalls / servers in many places, have ECC
       | support in the CPU. (I wonder how the N100 would compare with a
       | 2014 Athlon 5350, but that's a question for another time.)
       | 
       | The primary reason for me is a little different: Intel makes
       | shitty decisions. All of the CPU vulnerabilities found that I
       | know of have affected Intel CPUs more than AMD or Arm CPUs. Why?
       | I think it's because Intel tries so hard to chase performance and
       | marketing points that they prioritize this over security and
       | reliability.
       | 
       | I bought an eight core Bulldozer in 2012 for compiling because I
       | preferred eight integer cores over four cores plus hyperthreading
       | in a Core i7-2600. Benchmarks then showed the Intel beat out AMD
       | in many benchmarks then. However, more than a decade later, with
       | toolchain improvements and with performance impacts of Spectre
       | and Meltdown, my Bulldozer now beats an Intel i7-2600 at many
       | modern benchmarks.
       | 
       | But it's not just security - Intel's 13th and 14 generation
       | degradation debacle again shows that Intel is more concerned with
       | marketing and benchmarks than having good, reliable products.
       | That their CPUs can take hundreds of watts to compete with Ryzen
       | illustrates this well. Would this be an issue with N100? Probably
       | not, but I don't want any CPUs from a company that will
       | compromise their products for profit and marketing purposes.
       | 
       | They tried to do AVX-512 and made a huge mess of which products
       | have it - again, Intel were more concerned with benchmark
       | results. After all, Intel's not going to release benchmark
       | figures that show the effects of dropping the whole CPU's clock
       | while running AVX-512. They tried to play us.
       | 
       | The bottom line is that I don't trust Intel, which is why I'll
       | never get an N100, and all of these other reasons are why I'd
       | never recommend them.
        
         | tredre3 wrote:
         | Your post has nothing to do with the topic at hand, you do not
         | make a single point against the N100. You just whatabout other
         | Intel products that you hate...
        
           | johnklos wrote:
           | I can only surmise that you're a troll. What I wrote has
           | plenty about the N100. Why not refute any of the number of
           | things I brought up?
        
         | otterley wrote:
         | > Intel QuickSync isn't the same quality as software based
         | transcoding, and not everyone wants to compromise on quality.
         | 
         | Perhaps not, but when you want to do realtime transcoding so
         | you can view a video on the device of your choice without pre-
         | transcoding, there's really no price/performance comparison.
        
           | johnklos wrote:
           | > there's really no price/performance comparison
           | 
           | Huh?
           | 
           | A Ryzen can easily do real time transcoding. So why can't we
           | do a price/performance comparison? A low end Ryzen that can
           | easily do 4K 60 fps transcoding in real time costs $300 (with
           | 24 gigs of DDR5 and 500 gig NVMe) and offers many times the
           | overall performance of an N100 / N150 / N200. One can go even
           | cheaper on a Ryzen, but that's just an example from Amazon.
           | 
           | Would some people pay twice as much for a computer many times
           | faster, with more memory and more storage, and that can do
           | software transcoding in real time? Sure.
        
       | qingcharles wrote:
       | Word of warning on those GMKtec PCs. They put all their drivers
       | on a Google Drive account that they don't pay for, and there are
       | no known mirrors of some of the drivers. So when you suddenly
       | need to do a reinstall one day, remember that their GDrive will
       | be over-quota for a month and you'll be SOL for a few weeks
       | unless you can match the drivers to the ones from the OEMs.
        
         | transpute wrote:
         | Could a cumulative set of drivers be mirrored to a Github repo
         | or archive.org?
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | This is the most wtf thing I have read on Hacker News in a day
         | or so. Thanks, I was considering them as an N100 alternative to
         | my Raspberry Pi 4. Maybe I'll search a little more...
        
         | joshuaissac wrote:
         | Copy it directly to your own Google Drive, then download it
         | from there, and it will use your quota instead of theirs.
        
         | dizhn wrote:
         | Windows drivers?
        
       | tshaddox wrote:
       | Is there a reason these mini PCs still have all USB-A ports? That
       | strikes me as a bizarre choice.
        
         | octo888 wrote:
         | How many USB-C keyboard/mice do people have?
        
         | 654wak654 wrote:
         | Probably for easy mouse & keyboard support? Also, mini PCs are
         | usually used in offices a lot and I bet most places that buy
         | these things still have lots of USB-A storage devices as well.
        
         | Zren wrote:
         | Also, probably the price of the connector. USB A is also a
         | simple standard and no one will expect to treat it as a display
         | out.
        
       | roscas wrote:
       | While looking at the site I noticed
       | https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2025/self-hosting-your-own...
       | Youtube is amazing! It hosts billions of videos to all kind of
       | bad content, but still make true content creators feel it's long
       | arm of their laws! It is just pathetic. Just like other anti-
       | social networks like Fakebook and Twitter.
        
       | tills13 wrote:
       | I built myself a 1U server using off-the-shelf parts I had lying
       | around to run my Proxmox instance. I wanted to expand my cluster
       | & also give myself a dedicated node for Plex (so that it could
       | have direct access to the CPU w/ QuickSync) so bought myself a
       | Beelink with an N100. The little Beelink sips power and has never
       | once stuttered while streaming Plex. Going forward, I plan on
       | replacing my 1U server with a cluster of Beelinks.
        
       | etempleton wrote:
       | The Raspberry Pi has moved too far upmarket to the point where
       | something like the N100/150 is a better value for cheap compute.
       | Raspberry Pi should perhaps focus on becoming increasingly
       | affordable versus increasingly capable. Perhaps that also leads
       | to a dead-end.
        
       | dottjt wrote:
       | How are these things for emulation?
        
       | anon-3988 wrote:
       | I have an RPI5, its in a weird zone of not cheap enough for
       | embedded and not powerful enough as a NAS. I should have gone
       | with N100 instead.
        
       | crowcroft wrote:
       | Semi related, what's the best source for a consumer to buy mini-
       | itx boards with the processor on?
       | 
       | I want to get a board (ideally with two gigabit Ethernet) and BYO
       | ram, SSD and enclosure.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | my ryzen7 Beelink has been the best PC I've owned. Great
       | performance, excellent reliability (only 1 BSOD in 2 years),
       | great utility.
       | 
       | I ended up consolidating 3-4 Raspis onto a single HyperV server
       | and alpine / debian VMs.
       | 
       | Pi zero 2 is the last compelling raspberry pi . Great for running
       | cpu-bound servers like DNS, static web, network monitoring.
       | 
       | Pi-5 performance, especially with IO, is not worthwhile.
        
       | worik wrote:
       | I do not understand
       | 
       | I cannot get one of these x86 computers for twice the price of a
       | fully pimped RPi5
       | 
       | Even second hand they are usually twice the price
       | 
       | $/mips may be a different story, but RPi5 has way more than I
       | need, so I care about capital cost in total
       | 
       | Is there some class of computer I am ignoring? This just seems so
       | wrong
        
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