[HN Gopher] Doom Didn't Kill the Amiga (2024)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Doom Didn't Kill the Amiga (2024)
        
       Author : blakespot
       Score  : 54 points
       Date   : 2025-07-03 14:04 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.datagubbe.se)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.datagubbe.se)
        
       | cmrdporcupine wrote:
       | Yeah if your secret sauce is a chip, with very particular timing
       | and memory behaviour... you've just built in obsolescence.
       | There's no abstracted API for doing the fancy graphics (at least
       | not one used by games, etc), and the whole system is built around
       | sharing the memory bus between CPU and VDP (not going to fly once
       | memory & bus speeds became a fraction of the CPU speed and once
       | cache was a serious thing)... it's just stuck in a grotto.. a
       | neighbourhood that looks fantastic when you moved in but now the
       | next city over is getting a brand new subway system while you're
       | still stuck with an old fleet of busses.
       | 
       | Nevermind Moore's law and exponential improvements... you're
       | stuck even falling behind in very incremental developments.
       | 
       | I also lived through this era, but from the Atari ST side. When I
       | got my 486 it was a feeling of a kind of relenting "sigh"
       | abandoning the 68k and its basic superiority... but economies of
       | scale and the arrival of Linux (I used the very first versions,
       | before the a.out->ELF transition even) made it worthwhile.
        
         | TheAmazingRace wrote:
         | Did you ever use MiNT on your Atari ST when it was relevant? I
         | understand that for some folks, MiNT was kind of the gateway
         | drug that often led users to Linux on PC shortly afterwards.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | Yes, that was indeed the gateway. Among others.
           | 
           | Though my ST only had 1MB of RAM and a floppy, no hard drive.
           | On that I ran a UUCP node to get email and news for a while.
           | And some unix-like shells (Mupfel, I believe was one? Gulam
           | was another great one). I did use MiNT a bit but the whole
           | GNU toolset was a bit big for a floppy system, and the
           | multitasking was only somewhat useful. You could get a unix-
           | like environment without going fully MiNT.
           | 
           | The big jump for me was having a 200MB HD in my 486 when I
           | got it. Massive life change.
        
           | bregma wrote:
           | MiNT and a 16 GB hard drive with all the GNU tools installed.
           | It was just like the Unix at work.
           | 
           | Linux came later after also going through AIX, HP/UX, A/UX,
           | AT&T SVr4, SunOS, Solaris, OSF/1, ISC, ...
        
             | TheAmazingRace wrote:
             | I presume you mean MB and not GB? On native Atari hardware
             | at least, you could only address up to 1 GB partitions on
             | the very last TOS 4.04 based systems like the Falcon.
        
         | spogbiper wrote:
         | its easier to see this in hindsight. the amiga was basically
         | just using the model that every previous home computer had
         | used, expecting game devs to use the hardware directly like
         | they had been doing since the first home PCs. wasting resources
         | on an API or any kind of abstraction was for user level BASICs
         | and similar, not for professional games
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | I was not a big Amiga user, but on the Atari ST we had a
           | graphics abstraction API (VDI) from day one. Had the notion
           | of a virtual device and drawing surface. All done through a
           | proper syscall TRAP system, too. I am given to understand
           | that the AmigaOS syscall API was in the form of JMPs.
           | 
           | So when the Falcon and TT Etc came along with full 16-bit 256
           | colour SVGA-like graphics, anything properly written GUI
           | "just worked"
           | 
           | Games and the like, yes, had to fall back to a video compat
           | mode.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > So when the Falcon and TT Etc came along with full 16-bit
             | 256 colour SVGA-like graphics, anything properly written
             | GUI "just worked"
             | 
             | > Games and the like, yes, had to fall back to a video
             | compat mode.
             | 
             | The Amiga had retargetable graphics too. No real difference
             | there.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | It used JMP, but you looked up the API base addresses from
             | a fixed address, ($4 IIRC) so it worked basically the same.
             | But only like some turned based games, and like some chess
             | games etc used that API. The rest maybe used the APIs to
             | allocate a screen but they were banging hardware after
             | that. Most didn't even use the OS even to read the
             | keyboard, which became an annoyance on the A600 which
             | lacked some of the keys.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | I mean the advantage of the TRAP approach is more
               | amenable to supervisor/user mode switch and memory
               | protection and the like?
               | 
               | Separate topic from graphics and device independence
               | though
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Memory protection was basically impossible or at least
               | "Research Level Hard" on the Amiga, because of how the OS
               | was designed with linked lists and message passing of
               | pointers. This was what made it so fast, but at a cost.
               | (They would have needed something like Rust to balance
               | that.)
               | 
               | Everything could have been fixed with the March of Moore.
               | The OS could have gotten a hypervisor and been running
               | each program in its own "VM" thinking it was the only
               | program on the machine.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | Later iterations of OS extensions on the ST got memory
               | protection support, albeit a bit inconistently and with
               | likely backwards compat problems. FreeMiNT I think
               | supports MMU + protection on 030 machines.
               | 
               | Achilles heel for classic MacOS, too. Sins of our
               | fathers.
        
               | TheAmazingRace wrote:
               | Pretty sure MultiTOS (which was derived from MiNT IIRC)
               | fully supported preemptive multitasking back in 1992 or
               | so when it came out. This, plus the fancier graphics
               | support, a proper 68030 instead of the rather cut down
               | 68EC020, and addition of a Motorola 56K DSP, meant the
               | Atari Falcon was superior to the Amiga A1200, at least on
               | paper. I certainly adored mine when I owned it not that
               | long ago as a part of my small collection.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | Yeah I have two Falcons here. Not that I ever use them,
               | but they're amazing machines for the time.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | The original Amiga platform had no MMU, hence no support
               | for memory protection or virtual memory addressing. Some
               | Motorola processors included it (the 68030 and up) but
               | these were only used on high-end Amigas that were not the
               | most common platform, and are more comparable to
               | contemporary workstations. The AmigaOS just used the
               | single address space approach, that's not necessarily
               | incompatible with protected memory.
               | 
               | The Intel 80386 and its successors were quite exceptional
               | in being "killer micros" with a workstation-class feature
               | set for the time.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | Yeah. It was very much the same with DOS games, too.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > the whole system is built around sharing the memory bus
         | between CPU and VDP
         | 
         | Isn't this what "Unified Memory" does in more modern systems?
         | There's nothing wrong with sharing memory between CPU and
         | hardware graphics.
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | The combination with _"There 's no abstracted API for doing
           | the fancy graphics (at least not one used by games, etc)"_
           | only works as long as you have a solid unique benefit, and
           | that, Amiga lost fairly rapidly due to Moore's law.
        
             | fulafel wrote:
             | It lasted pretty long, especially considering the rate of
             | evolution in those days. It debuted already in 1985, and
             | there were some incremental improvements along the way
             | (first the A3000 and then AGA A4000/A1200 in 1992). After
             | the biggest lead in graphics started to shrink you still
             | had a big user and software user base, multitasking desktop
             | that was far ahead at least until W95, great CLI
             | environment compared to PC stuff, competitive price etc.
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | > and there were some incremental improvements along the
               | way (first the A3000 and then AGA A4000/A1200 in 1992)
               | 
               | About the A3000 Wikipedia says _"The machine is reported
               | to have sold 14,380 units in Germany (including Amiga
               | 3000T sales)"_ , and about the A4000 _"The machine is
               | reported to have sold 11,300 units in Germany"_. Both
               | were on sale for about 2 years.
               | 
               | In comparison, the A2000 sold 124,500 units in Germany,
               | again according to Wikipedia, in the about 4 years of its
               | commercial availability.
               | 
               | So, about a 80% decline in sales per month, in what I
               | think/guess was an expanding market for personal
               | computers.
               | 
               | = I don't think those improvements made much of a
               | difference.
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | 3000 and 4000 were "high end". The 1200 was the 500/600
               | replacement with AGA and sold relatively well.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | We might be able to circle back to this now by putting some
           | portion of memory and video on the die along with the CPU,
           | but that was not going to happen for Atari and Commodore back
           | in the 90s. Motorola wasn't going to shove 128KB or whatever
           | of RAM into a 68k just for them, and even if they did it
           | would have been _so expensive_
           | 
           | Memory speeds plateau'd while CPU speeds skyrocketed. Almost
           | all the complexities of modern architectures have to do with
           | this. There used to be "no need" for something as funky as
           | L1/L2/L3 caches really because often your memory was _faster_
           | than your CPU (hence why something like the C64 's VIC-II or
           | the Atari ST's "Shifter" are even possible).
           | 
           | Hell there were systems back then that didn't even have
           | onboard registers in the CPU, but used external memory for it
           | (TI's TMS series). The 6502's "zero page" is another example.
           | 
           | You can't do that anymore. The CPU will run many laps around
           | your memory.
           | 
           | Still it'd be interesting to see what Jay Miner would have
           | come up with in the late 90s or 21st century, if he was still
           | around and in the game.
        
           | giantrobot wrote:
           | Unified memory is more about taking advantage of zero copy
           | access for the GPU. Since everything the GPU wants is already
           | _right there_ there 's no need to send it on a trip over a
           | bus into separate GPU memory. Memory bandwidth is of course
           | still important for both the GPU and CPU so that unified
           | memory can be a bottleneck if it's slow or has too few
           | channels.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Commodore operations were very, very poor, too.
         | 
         | If they had been smarter with money, I'm sure they could have
         | innovated in many many ways without giving up on backwards
         | compatilibity. Sony put a PS1 inside the PS2. The Sony MSX2
         | contained an MSX1-on-a-chip.
         | 
         | Amiga could easily have had a PCI bus for external video chips.
         | 
         | And I'm not even going into the more crazy PS3-like ideas like
         | "so, memory and bus speed are just a fraction of CPU speed? Ok,
         | here are 32 parallel CPUs with their own chunk of the VDP
         | bandwidth and their own local memory".
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | The last iteration of the Amiga chipset Commodore worked on
           | when they went bankrupt (Hombre)[1] was intended to be a
           | 2-chip system providing a 64-bit 3D chipset with a PA-RISC
           | CPU on-die in the in one of them that'd break compatibility,
           | and be used for both standalone computers, set-top boxes and
           | for a high-end graphics card.
           | 
           | To sort out compatibility, the idea was for an "AGA Amiga on
           | a chip".
           | 
           | I'm not convinced Amiga-users would've been all too happy
           | with all of this - or that PA RISC was a good choice, given
           | what we know now -, but it certainly would've been a massive
           | upgrade.
           | 
           | (What Commodore was _close to completing_ when they went
           | bankrupt, though, was AAA[2] - which would 've seen far more
           | modest but still significant upgrades, like wider buses,
           | support for chunky graphics modes, higher resolutions, far
           | higher video bandwidth; AAA was in testing when Commodore
           | failed)
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_Hombre_chipset
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Amiga_Architecture
           | _ch...
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | (2024)
       | 
       | Discussion then: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39246825
        
       | runjake wrote:
       | In 1992, I went from Amiga to a PC solely because of Wolfenstein
       | 3D. I already felt like I was clinging to the Amiga platform.
       | Most of my other friends in the Amiga world had moved on to other
       | platforms. Doom came out about a year later, near Christmas 1993,
       | IIRC.
       | 
       | The author bought their Amiga 500 in early 1992! It was already a
       | "classic" by then.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | Ya, the author's timeline doesnt mesh with mine. In my memory
         | the amiga was dead long before 1995. Wing commander was 91/92,
         | which blew away anything on amiga. The great microprose
         | simulations also started in 91/92 when the best Amiga could
         | barely run the original civilization.
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | Wing Commander was released for the Amiga! It just ran
           | absurdly slowly.
        
             | blakespot wrote:
             | Yep, one of the first games that really needed a chunky
             | pixel video memory layout (which the Amiga lacked). Amiga's
             | planar arrangement was perfect for platformers, which was
             | the target of the Amiga gfx hardware design.
        
               | wowtip wrote:
               | It was not like lot's of very talented Amiga devs didn't
               | try their very best to create a Wolfenstein/Doom clone
               | for their platform, but iirc the bitplane setup used by
               | Amiga gfx, which enabled lot's of other cool features did
               | not perform well with the opereations needed for "3D"
               | games.
               | 
               | Then with Quake, the 3rd party 3D graphics cards market
               | took off, and even if there were cards for the Amigas
               | too, market economics made them unviable.
               | 
               | And even though I usually appreciate Datagubbe's
               | writings, this time I think his take is incorrect. At
               | least in my circles Wolfenstein / Doom and ultimately
               | Quake was the final nails in the Amiga's coffin.
               | 
               | Sure, the picture is bigger - PC market drove down prices
               | and very soon the price/performance difference was very
               | unfavorable for Amiga - but at least initially the issue
               | was kids wanted to play Wolfenstein, Doom, or at least
               | something similar, and that was not possible if you
               | stayed on the Amiga.
        
         | blakespot wrote:
         | Indeed, I got my first Amiga in October 1985 - I believe it was
         | the first Amiga sold in Virginia (U.S.) and one of the first
         | ever sold - period.
         | 
         | https://bytecellar.com/2020/10/27/looking-back-on-35-years-a...
         | 
         | I remember those extremely early days, which were filled with
         | slow releases, I must say - but it was a singular experience,
         | playing with that hardware. I left and came back with an Amiga
         | 2000 in 1988 and that was a great time - a peak time to be an
         | Amigoid.
         | 
         | 1992 does seem late for a first Amiga - and a 500; I had an
         | A1200 in '92.
         | 
         | I still have two Amigas that I use often (1000, 2000 '020) and
         | a PowerPC "Amiga," that I rarely power on.
        
           | TheAmazingRace wrote:
           | Blake, I have to say you had to have had a VERY cool
           | childhood growing up with your mom helping you get some then
           | cutting edge tech like that in the mid 80s. I have to wonder
           | what a typical 80s kid's exposure to computers was like back
           | then and the discoverability of it all, because computers of
           | any kind in the states were generally very niche in family
           | homes back then, let alone Amiga computers.
        
             | Sleaker wrote:
             | Born in 84 myself, first major introduction to computing
             | was in '89 or '90, my grade school had received about 20
             | Apple 2e with various edutainment titles.
        
             | blakespot wrote:
             | Yep, I was lucky. We were a middle-class family and my mom
             | and dad did support my extreme passion in computers. I went
             | through a huge amount of systems.
             | 
             | Here's the list: https://bytecellar.com/the-list
             | 
             | I would buy one, love it, read about another and finally
             | put the first in the newspaper for sale (
             | https://bytecellar.com/2019/05/08/computer-classifieds-
             | datin... ) and move to the next, with funds added in by my
             | parents to cover the different. I was very lucky in that!
             | (The link shared shows actual scans of the newspaper ads I
             | ran, selling some of the systems back in the '80s.)
        
           | aruggirello wrote:
           | My experience mirrors yours, I got my first Amiga 500 in
           | 1986, and besides gaming, it was my home programming rig
           | until 1994. I was studying informatics and while everybody
           | was stuck on monochrome 640Kb MS-DOS equipped PS/2
           | programming a few hundred lines of Turbo Pascal at most, I
           | had the joy of venturing into a modern OS with multitasking,
           | GUI, a complex file system, writing stuff in AmigaBASIC,
           | compiling my first programs with AC-Basic. Then I started
           | learning C and Intuition, and built several GUI programs. I
           | finally spent a couple years writing like, 300K SLOC of
           | Motorola 68000 assembly, which resulted in a basic, but very
           | fast text editor, and two fractal generators capable of
           | almost matching the performance of FractInt on a PC. My
           | knowledge of C and GUIs finally landed me my very first job
           | as junior developer in august 1994, thanks to my Amiga!
           | Literally a dream come true in Italy. My very first paycheck
           | was spent buying an A4000, but by then I realized the Amiga
           | had lost, and sadly returned it to the seller in exchange for
           | an ugly stupid Pentium PC with Microsoft Windows 3.1, which
           | had far superior graphics, sound, memory, disk and computing
           | power, though it was soulless. The Commodore Amiga OTOH will
           | always have a little place in my heart.
        
             | runjake wrote:
             | Minor correction: The Amiga 500 came out in ~May-October
             | 1987, depending on your country.
        
               | aruggirello wrote:
               | You're right, it was probably summer 1987.
        
       | louthy wrote:
       | A lot of words there. But the word 'console' is there exactly
       | once.
       | 
       | Games consoles killed the Amiga, just like they did all other
       | home computers that were primarily used for games.
       | 
       | I don't know anyone that used the Amiga for anything other than
       | games.
       | 
       | PCs survived because they were genuinely used for business, not
       | just games.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | The Amiga platform was originally built on game-console
         | hardware. Incidentally, so was the Raspberry Pi, which is why
         | the first Raspberry Pi models were comparatively very cheap.
        
           | louthy wrote:
           | The platform is irrelevant. They were more expensive than
           | games consoles. So they lost, just like all other true
           | personal computer manufacturers. They had too many components
           | and couldn't compete.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | I think it was lack of vision and financial mismanagement
             | that killed them more than anything technical.
             | 
             | Edit: an interesting take with the games consoles, I never
             | really thought about it from that angle before. But it
             | makes a lot of sense. Console makers get a cut of the
             | revenue stream of the games. Commodore never saw a cent of
             | that and the only commercial niche they briefly owned was
             | low-budget TV production, like cable channels and such.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | The end of the Motorola MC68000 architecture killed a
               | whole lot of platforms around that same time. Amiga was
               | just one of them among many, but the fact that Atari ST
               | also died, NeXT was ported to x86, the Mac was ported to
               | PowerPC, Sun Microsystems went SPARC etc. etc. all pretty
               | much simultaneously, is not a coincidence.
        
             | mrits wrote:
             | Were they? I bought my Amiga 500 around 1992 for $200 USD
             | at Software Etc. I think the Nintendo was around $100 USD
             | and the games were often much more expensive. Not to
             | mention most games were just the cost of a floppy disk if
             | you had Amiga friends.
        
               | louthy wrote:
               | $100 < $200
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | A console without games isn't useful.
        
               | louthy wrote:
               | And a printer without ink doesn't print. Yet we all
               | continue to fall for this initial low price bait.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | In 1985 the NES launched in the US at $179.99 and didn't
               | include a game. So while I'm sure somebody came home with
               | a useless object, in general people where forced to but
               | at least one.
               | 
               | In 1996 the first hit became free.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | Video rental was huge. It's the only way I could afford
               | to play games.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | In 1985? That didn't take off where I was until PS1 days.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | Oh yea, 1985-1987 is when a lot of the VHS places started
               | stocking video games.
               | 
               | It's the only way I was able to play. My best friend
               | across the street had the console and I didn't (I had
               | Atari 2600). So I would rent and we would play together.
               | I eventually got my own in maybe 1987-1988.
               | 
               | PS1 kicked off in 1995 and we had rentals for a long time
               | by that point. I never owned a PS1 but same friend did. I
               | ended up going from NES, SNES, N64 before switching
               | mostly to PC games and eventually went to college where
               | video games took a back seat for a number of years
               | 
               | Mostly play Xbox now (short while I had PSP)
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Interesting, of the 3 rental places near me only one
               | started carrying video games in 1994 with the others soon
               | following.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | This is in Florida too and not a major metropolitan area.
               | I just assumed it was everywhere
        
             | rasz wrote:
             | Piracy made Amiga cheaper. SNES and two cartridges/Genesis
             | with three was more expensive than Amiga 500.
        
           | wlll wrote:
           | Were they? I had an Amiga 1200, a friend a 500, both of which
           | were around long before games consoles became mainstream.
        
         | samastur wrote:
         | I did (but also for games). That wasn't the problem. The
         | problem was computers built on closed architecture didn't have
         | a future even if company didn't went to shit like Commodore
         | did.
        
           | louthy wrote:
           | > computers built on closed architecture
           | 
           | Do you honestly think that the general public gave two shits
           | about closed architectures?
           | 
           | The vast majority of people, who were using computers, were
           | using them to play games. People completely misremember how
           | little interest the general public had in computers (for
           | serious tasks) at the time.
           | 
           | The only exception to that really was the IBM PC. It didn't
           | have an open architecture either. For a long time it was the
           | case that if you didn't buy an IBM branded PC, you couldn't
           | guarantee that any software would actually work on it.
        
             | badc0ffee wrote:
             | > For a long time it was the case that if you didn't buy an
             | IBM branded PC, you couldn't guarantee that any software
             | would actually work on it.
             | 
             | I don't know if it was a long time. The PC came out in
             | 1981, and by 1984 you had the fully compatible Tandy 1000
             | and Compaq Deskpro.
             | 
             | Except for the BIOS ROMs, which companies like Compaq
             | rewrote themselves, the PC did have an open architecture.
        
               | louthy wrote:
               | I didn't buy a pc until much later (I was an Acorn user),
               | so you may be right, but the lore around that lasted a
               | reasonable amount of time if my memory serves me
               | correctly. Well into the late 80s.
               | 
               | I'd still argue nobody cared about architectures, they
               | cared about where the type of computer was primarily
               | used. PCs were for the office. Acorn was for education.
               | Atari, Commodore, Sinclair were for games and therefore
               | vulnerable to games consoles.
               | 
               | I seem to remember that PCs had quite a poor rep for
               | games, even during the Wolfenstein -> Doom -> Quake era.
               | Only really shaking that off when the first graphics
               | cards arrived
        
               | badc0ffee wrote:
               | PCs were definitely at a disadvantage for anything
               | involving a lot of motion, like arcade-style games,
               | platformers, shoot em ups, fighting, and racing games.
               | But the PC did do well at puzzle games like Lemmings,
               | text+graphics games like King's Quest, and sims like
               | SimCity. That disadvantage was gone, at least on a
               | technical level, by 1992-94.
               | 
               | I think PC graphics had two major leaps forward in this
               | era: VGA in 1987, and VLB graphics (on 486 machines) in
               | 1992. The former brought an expanded colour palette, and
               | the latter brought enough memory bandwidth that you
               | didn't need dedicated blitter/sprite chips.
        
               | spankibalt wrote:
               | > "PCs were definitely at a disadvantage for anything
               | involving a lot of motion, [...]."
               | 
               | Not on a _strictly technical_ level, especially not in
               | the world of 3D. 2D arcade games a la _Silpheed_ came out
               | for the PC in 1989, running maxed-out on machines that
               | were already a possibility, with VGA graphics and Adlib
               | or MT-32 sound, from late 1987 onwards, roughly the same
               | time the A500 was released in the United States. The
               | notion that PCs had  "a bad rep for games" after the
               | release of titles such as _Wing Commander_ doesn 't
               | really hold much water.
               | 
               | It was mostly economical factors and some specific
               | usecases that made home computers an excellent, and often
               | superior, choice for many of its future users.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > Not on a strictly technical level
               | 
               | Yes, there were strictly technical limitations. Memory
               | throughput to the video framebuffer did not allow for
               | arbitrary full-screen updates at native frame rate, and
               | there were no hardware sprites or other display hacks to
               | cope with this limitation - the framebuffer was all you
               | had. These limitations became gradually less important
               | throughout the 1990s, depending on what resolution and
               | color depth you were running.
        
               | spankibalt wrote:
               | > "Yes, there were strictly technical limitations."
               | 
               | Precision, friend. I never disputed that there were no
               | (strictly) technical limitations for PCs. I only argued
               | against the notion, emphasis mine, that "PCs were
               | definitely at a disadvantage for _anything_ involving a
               | lot of motion, like arcade-style games, platformers,
               | shoot em ups, fighting, and racing games. [...] That
               | disadvantage was gone, at least on a technical level, _by
               | 1992-94_. "
               | 
               | Amigas never saw the light against IBM and compatibles in
               | a lot of ways, and that already _before_ 1992. Two famous
               | titles I already mentioned; one had no Amiga port (
               | _Silpheed_ , 1989) AFAIK, the other ( _Wing Commander_ ,
               | 1990) came out later as a technically inferior, albeit
               | atmospheric, hand-me-down. When people reminisce about
               | the graphics capabilities of home computers, especially
               | Amigas, they often forget whole, shall we say
               | "inconvenient", genres. Et cetera.
        
             | drivers99 wrote:
             | > Do you honestly think that the general public gave ...
             | about closed architectures?
             | 
             | Not consciously, but they could see more and more capable
             | and affordable systems and upgrades available from a lively
             | and competitive industry.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | They gave lots of shits about access to cheaper clones,
             | though, and to access to cheaper peripherals.
             | 
             | > It didn't have an open architecture either.
             | 
             | It was open enough that the closed parts could be reverse
             | engineered, and so the market was already full of clones by
             | the time the Amiga was even released.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, the Amiga was tied to custom chips only
             | manufactured by Commodore, and didn't get anything
             | resembling a clone until Commodore was already bankrupt
             | (DraCo, which ditched a lot of backwards compatibility)
             | 
             | > For a long time it was the case that if you didn't buy an
             | IBM branded PC, you couldn't guarantee that any software
             | would actually work on it
             | 
             | By the time the Amiga died, this hadn't been an issue for
             | many years.
        
             | spankibalt wrote:
             | > Do you honestly think that the general public gave two
             | shits about closed architectures?
             | 
             | First, this specific argument is about the _computer-buying
             | public_ , not the _general public_. Furthermore, yes, many
             | people also bought into the IBM-PC  & Compatibles eco-
             | system because it was much more open. Many young(er) urban
             | professionals of the time took their work home, to be
             | continued on computers. I think financial mobility, supply,
             | as well as culture (incl. generational divides) are more
             | much important factors.
             | 
             | > The vast majority of people, who were using computers,
             | were using them to play games.
             | 
             | Do you have data to back that up? Because where I'm from
             | (East Germany), strictly based on my observations, this
             | didn't track; many PCs were used as intended: general-
             | purpose computing. That means work _and_ play.
        
           | 77pt77 wrote:
           | > The problem was computers built on closed architecture
           | didn't have a future
           | 
           | Like Apple/Mac?
        
             | gapan wrote:
             | > Like Apple/Mac?
             | 
             | One could argue that apple is the only exception to the
             | rule. And let's not forget that apple almost went bankrupt
             | in 1997, only to be rescued by Microsoft.
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | > I don't know anyone that used the Amiga for anything other
         | than games.
         | 
         | I mean TV studios and media houses, but admittedly, that's not
         | exactly a huge market.
        
         | blackhaz wrote:
         | In my part of the woods all those consoles were frowned upon,
         | back in the days when we had 386s, 486s and Pentiums. Yes, PS1
         | could display some interesting games, but you couldn't do
         | anything creative on it.
         | 
         | As to what killed Amiga - I think it's in the article - the
         | lagging behind the x86 performance, especially when 386DX-40
         | came about, and please allow me to propose one additional, if
         | not the primary, factor - that our fathers suddenly began to
         | require Word and Excel to do their work at home.
        
         | drivers99 wrote:
         | > I don't know anyone that used the Amiga for anything other
         | than games.
         | 
         | My Amiga friends used it for playing games and for creative
         | things: writing music, pixel/digital art, some coding, making
         | games (at least, in shoot-em-up-construction-kit), as well as
         | dialing up BBSes and the text-based Internet (like me on my
         | PC).
        
           | tjr wrote:
           | I used my Amiga 3000 for a lot of video production and
           | graphics work, along with some word processing / desktop
           | publishing, and a bit of programming. And games! In my
           | observation of other Amiga users at the time, this was
           | typical.
           | 
           | Besides random individual users doing these sorts of things,
           | Amigas were used in local broadcast television studios as
           | video switchers and graphics layover systems, and even in
           | more major media production outlets for video editing and 3D
           | animation. They were seen as a more economical solution to
           | more expensive hardware built specifically for television or
           | graphics, but could pull of the work on a comparable level.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | Most of my circle used the Amiga primarily for other things
         | than games.
         | 
         | None of us replaced them with consoles.
         | 
         | While the use in business was of course important, that the PC
         | survives is just as much down to the open platform and the
         | clone market that prevented its future from being tied to a
         | single company - in this case a wildly dysfunctional one.
        
           | louthy wrote:
           | > Most of my circle used the Amiga primarily for other things
           | than games.
           | 
           | Are you claiming your circle is representative of the
           | computer buying masses of the time? (whether the computers
           | were consoles or not)
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | No, I'm pointing out that your anecdote doesn't mean much.
             | Lots of people used it for other things. In fact, the US
             | Amiga gaming market, for example, was extremely lackluster
             | because unlike in Europe, in the US the sale was geared
             | much more toward professional use, which was also reflected
             | in e.g. US Amiga magazines like Amiga World, as well as in
             | models like the Amiga 2500 which was aimed at the
             | professional market and mostly sold in the US and Canada.
             | 
             | The profile varied extensively by country - Germany as well
             | had a market where Commodore was big in the business
             | market, and while that was mostly PC's, it was also the
             | reason for much of the success of the Amiga 2000, which
             | also largely aimed at non-gaming users.
             | 
             | Commodore UK meanwhile, did fit your "profile" for the
             | Amiga and was very much focused on games.
             | 
             | But Commodore UK _was the subsidiary that remained most
             | successful_ despite competition from consoles.
             | 
             | In fact Commodore UK survived the bankruptcy of Commodore
             | International and did well enough that management tried to
             | put together a buyout offer (but had to throw in the towel
             | after Dell and Escom entered the process).
             | 
             | In other words, while you're right that competition from
             | consoles and PC's of course mattered a lot, it was a lot
             | more nuanced than that.
             | 
             | E.g. in the US, Commodore had burned its relationships to
             | the ground, and so failed to get the low-end Amiga's out
             | there as gaming machines _too_ , and were nowhere near as
             | successful as some of the subsidiaries like Commodore UK,
             | and Commodore B.V (Netherlands; also briefly survived
             | bankruptcy).
             | 
             | Where Commodore did best, it did okay in both the game
             | market _and_ in various professional niches, but that meant
             | actually working the game market hard. E.g. Commodore UK
             | did a  "famous" bundle with the game for the 1989 Batman
             | movie which drove relatively-speaking huge sales.
             | 
             | Had the rest of the subsidiaries done close to as well as
             | Commodore UK, the company as a whole would've at least
             | weathered the cash crunch that killed it in '94. Whether
             | that'd have let them rebuild (e.g. by completing their next
             | chipsets) or if it'd have just made them linger on in a
             | zombie state another year, is an open question.
        
         | evaneykelen wrote:
         | > I don't know anyone that used the Amiga for anything other
         | than games.
         | 
         | The Amiga was used worldwide by TV stations for CGI and titling
         | effects, for digital signage eg arrivals/departures at
         | airports, and video walls, besides being a tool for countless
         | digital artists. I know because I wrote digital signage
         | software for the Amiga and sold it to customers in 21
         | countries.
        
           | louthy wrote:
           | Just to be clear, because there have been a number of similar
           | responses, I am not claiming the Amiga couldn't do anything
           | else, nor that it wasn't used for anything other than games.
           | 
           | But, the vast majority of people who bought Amigas did so
           | because it was a great machine for games and had lots of high
           | quality titles.
           | 
           | When the majority of your market disappears and moves to
           | cheaper options; and all you have left is video walls in
           | departure lounges, you're fucked.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | But as I pointed out elsewhere: The subsidiary that
             | survived the longest did so on the continued strength of
             | sales driven by games - that market continued to do well
             | for the Amiga until the end in the markets where the
             | subsidiaries actually focused on gaming bundles.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | The Video Toaster was the first successful competitor to the
           | horribly expensive Avid system ($100k+) for non-linear video
           | editing, titling, SMTPE code syncing, etc. and ran on an
           | Amiga 2000 as a double card. I think it was $3k.
           | 
           | It was used to make the first 3 seasons of Babylon 5 and all
           | of the sub graphics for Sealquest DSV.
           | 
           | As an aside, Dana Carveys brother was one of the lead
           | designers.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster
        
         | District5524 wrote:
         | I'm sure that was an important reason for the US and UK
         | markets. I don't know much about the Swedish market, but in the
         | Eastern European markets, game consoles were not popular at all
         | until the very late 1990s. Gamers in the early 1990s used
         | Commodore (and less affluents ZX Spectrums and clones), and
         | later, as the article says, more and more PCs. In these parts,
         | people were very short of money, which caused piracy to grow
         | HUGE. Computers were also preferred due to being multipurpose.
         | And console games were difficult to copy, so if you wanted to
         | be a serious gamer, you had to have a PC. Even if you had the
         | money to buy games, you couldn't really do that, because nobody
         | really was selling actual games in these markets. With
         | different currencies and limitations on hard currency exchange,
         | you didn't spend those limited funds on games, even if you
         | travelled abroad. Probably also as a consequence, playing on
         | consoles was considered to be lame. It was for kids only. Hah,
         | for those born in the 1990s only! So that was a bit different
         | over here.
        
         | blakespot wrote:
         | Most of my friends were gaming on consoles at the time. I very
         | much preferred the Amiga (I also had Atari STs during this
         | time) to consoles perhaps mainly due to the ability to use RGB
         | monitors with a proper RGB signal. It was at best composite
         | back then on the consoles of the era - in the states anyway (we
         | didn't have SCART as an option). I know I'm odd here, but that
         | was a major factor -- but also the fact that I used the Amiga
         | for much more than gaming. I BBSed heavily, generated hundreds
         | of images with paint programs, programmed on it, and then there
         | was enjoying scenedemos as a huge part of my use.
         | 
         | Most people in the user group I was in back then (ALFA -
         | Amigoid Life Form Association) were NASA engineers who used
         | them as cheap and capable alternatives to the UNIX workstations
         | they worked with at NASA (which was local, Hampton, VA). Many
         | of these guys were older and didn't game at all.
        
           | TheAmazingRace wrote:
           | I heard NASA used their Amiga systems clear up to 2006, which
           | is a rather unusually long lifespan for the application they
           | intended them for. But I suppose commodity PC hardware and
           | the software they needed just wasn't really there at a price
           | point that made sense, plus, I guess as the old adage goes...
           | if it ain't broke, don't fix it.
        
             | sillywalk wrote:
             | > I heard NASA used their Amiga systems
             | 
             | Yes. "Amigas take in all the telemetry data from the
             | spacecraft, scale it by applying coefficients of up to
             | fifth order polynomials and convert the data back to
             | engineering units for display to the engineers working the
             | launch."[1]
             | 
             | [0] https://hackaday.com/2021/08/16/retrotechtacular-amiga-
             | pips-...
             | 
             | [1] http://obligement.free.fr/articles_traduction/amiganasa
             | _en.p...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAPD9HA8Unw&t=1s
        
         | nsxwolf wrote:
         | I had consoles and a PC and so did all of my friends. They
         | offered very different experiences in the 90s.
         | 
         | Amiga could offer the PC experiences too, and did, until it ran
         | into hardware limitations. Then it was suddenly competing with
         | the Genesis and Super Nintendo, but with inferior European side
         | scrolling games, with their single button controls, "sound or
         | music not both", etc.
        
         | leoc wrote:
         | > Games consoles killed the Amiga, just like they did all other
         | home computers that were primarily used for games.
         | 
         | Wait, which games, and which consoles? Arcadey sprite-based
         | action games were popular on the Amiga, and there the consoles
         | caught up to it by about 1990 (the Sega Master System) or 1992
         | (the SNES) in the European market. But 16-bit consoles would
         | have been a depressingly bad substitute for the Amiga when it
         | came to games like point-and-click adventures, _Lemmings_ ,
         | _Populous_ , the Freescape games, or _XCOM_ , when those even
         | received a 16-bit console port at all. The Amiga was in actual
         | use mostly a games system, yes, but to a large extent the
         | successful, beloved games were the kind of thing we now think
         | of as _PC_ games. That 's also probably a big part of why
         | finally losing pace with the PC over _DOOM_ was such a bitter
         | blow. The 32-bit consoles only started to take off in Europe
         | with the release of the PlayStation there, well into 1995 when
         | it seems the Amiga 's goose was mostly already cooked, and even
         | those systems weren't a great place to have a PC-like gaming
         | experience. Then there's the awkward issue of downloading a
         | car: famously, many Amiga users were piracy-happy, and would
         | not have welcomed the game prices and relatively successful
         | copy protection of '90s consoles.
         | 
         | (Data mostly from Wikipedia. I'm not an expert on the Amiga's
         | commercial history, and it's a complicated topic.)
        
       | bhlkjlkjcd wrote:
       | > Ever since I saw an Amiga 500 at a friend's house in what was
       | probably late 1988, I wanted one for myself. Back then, computers
       | were uncommon, especially at home. Even though I went to a school
       | in a fairly affluent neighborhood, few kids had home computers or
       | video games.
       | 
       | This may be true in the US and Japan, the rest of the world were
       | mainly using 8-bit (and increasingly 16-bit) computers in this
       | era, so this scans really oddly outside the US.
       | 
       | I grew up on an 80s UK council estate (surrounded by poverty) and
       | practically every kid had a computer, mainly Commodore 64, 16,
       | +4, Sinclair Spectrum, or an Amstrad CPC (maybe a few BBC Micros
       | dotted around, and some other oddities)
       | 
       | Lots of people had the early Atari consoles in the early 80s, but
       | after that I didn't see a console until the Megadrive. Everyone,
       | and I do mean EVERYONE had computers in the mid-late 80s to early
       | 90s where I was growing up.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > This was may be true in the US
         | 
         | In 1989, the closest year I can find stats, home computer
         | penetration was 15% of households in the US, but that wasn't
         | uniformly distributed, so some people will have grown up with
         | the experience of it being VERY common for people around them
         | to have computers (I did), while others will have known no one
         | with one.
        
         | mattl wrote:
         | Yeah, virtually everyone I knew circa 1990 had a home computer.
         | Mostly Spectrum and CPC. A few years later it was a few Amiga
         | 500 too. The only "console" I had seen was the Atari VCS or a
         | dedicated Pong machine. A few people got Game Boys a little
         | later circa 1992. A single friend who had a Master System and
         | one kid with divorced parents who got a SNES as a result.
         | 
         | It was in this environment that I would discover programming
         | and the internet.
        
       | mzs wrote:
       | Nothing else like Video Toaster being available kept Amigas
       | around for a while. 2001 my parent's cable provider still used
       | them for guide/PPV channels.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | A more accurate or complete statement:
       | 
       | Doom didn't kill the Amiga. _Wolfenstein 3D_ did. (2024)
       | 
       | Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsADJa-23Sg
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40343333)
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | Amiga was a games console masquerading as a computer.
       | 
       | If it had started life as the cd32 then the company might still
       | be around today.
        
       | leshokunin wrote:
       | Long time PC gamer here. I didn't own an Amiga so I definitely
       | have another POV.
       | 
       | 1994?! Every single PC gaming store was flooded with PC CD demos.
       | 
       | Day of the Tentacle. Loom. Monkey Island. Rebel Assault. Myst.
       | 7th Guest.
       | 
       | Every "AAA" release at the time was getting a "talkie" version
       | with added FMV or cd audio.
       | 
       | Plus Doom, and then Doom 2.
       | 
       | I actually think the 93-96 period is basically the most hype I've
       | ever seen the PC market, ever.
       | 
       | I'm sure Amiga had a lot of cool stuff still. The demo scene, the
       | various Psygnosis games. But I never got on my radar beyond "this
       | doesn't need config.sys and it has more colors".
        
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