[HN Gopher] Private sector lost 33k jobs, badly missing expectat...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Private sector lost 33k jobs, badly missing expectations of 100k
       increase
        
       Author : ceejayoz
       Score  : 334 points
       Date   : 2025-07-02 13:40 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnbc.com)
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | https://wellsfargo.bluematrix.com/docs/html/c42ca8a8-178f-40... |
       | https://archive.today/BhC0n
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | What in the bad-URL-looks-like-phishing-but-appears-legit heck
         | is this?
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Content management system guid I presume, versus a title slug
           | that can drift during editing and publishing. Archive.today
           | link added for the cautious.
        
             | genter wrote:
             | Yeah, but WTF is bluematrix.com? If I see a bank name as a
             | subdomain of a domain I don't recognize, alarm bells go
             | off.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Research portal SaaS for financial services firms. Missed
               | opportunity to use a `research.` subdomain CNAME.
        
       | hliyan wrote:
       | Important: "[payroll processing firm] ADP's report has a spotty
       | track record on predicting the subsequent government jobs report"
        
         | adrr wrote:
         | Government job reports this year have been revised down up to
         | 35%.
         | 
         | > The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was
         | revised down by 65,000, from +185,000 to +120,000, and the
         | change for April was revised down by 30,000, from +177,000 to
         | +147,000. With these revisions, employment in March and April
         | combined is 95,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly
         | revisions result from additional reports received from
         | businesses and government agencies since the last published
         | estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
         | 
         | https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm
        
         | llm_nerd wrote:
         | Recent government payroll data has been hugely suspect. On the
         | big release day the numbers are rosy and get reported to much
         | hoopla and "told you" celebration, but then are subsequently
         | revised downwards to little fanfare or notice. And for those
         | who wonder "why revise downward if it's a lie?", because the
         | numbers eventually are going to collide with reality so they
         | need to be right sized after the fact.
        
           | k4shm0n3y wrote:
           | This isn't a recent phenomena
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _for those who wonder "why revise downward if it's a lie?",
           | because the numbers eventually are going to collide with
           | reality so they need to be right sized after the fact_
           | 
           | No, this is not the reason. The numbers that get fanfare are
           | the preliminary BLS numbers. BLS collects data through
           | surveys. Preliminary data are published with incomplete
           | responses. As more employers respond, the numbers get
           | updated.
           | 
           | Guess which employers tend to report late? Those that are
           | doing lots of hiring and firing. So the stable numbers come
           | in first. Then the volatile numbers later. This is well
           | documented, happens on the way up and down, and is constantly
           | (and wrongly) quoted as a partisan conspiracy going both
           | ways.
        
         | jandrewrogers wrote:
         | ADP and BLS numbers are measuring different things. For people
         | that care about these things, the nuances are well-understood.
         | 
         | As a rough heuristic, ADP overfits to private sector jobs and
         | BLS overfits to government jobs. There is a popular derivative
         | heuristic that the economy is "good" when ADP > BLS.
        
       | psunavy03 wrote:
       | We really need better ways of measuring economic health. I could
       | lose my six-figure job, turn around, and get hired on as a server
       | at Applebee's for minimum wage, and the "unemployment" rate would
       | stay the same. Not to mention that it doesn't include those not
       | actively looking for work.
       | 
       | Either way, "full employment" doesn't mean much unless you take
       | into account whether people are actually able to live a stable
       | lifestyle or are burning the candle at both ends just to put food
       | on the table. One of these enables folks to buy nonessentials and
       | fund all those sectors of the economy, the other doesn't.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | That's why unemployment is one of many metrics, and we don't
         | put all our weight into a single metric...
        
         | stego-tech wrote:
         | This has been a critique of the figures for decades, but the
         | current numbers are too convenient for the powers-that-be to
         | change into something more reflective of reality. Trust me,
         | spending fifteen months unemployed in the middle of nowhere and
         | with access to raw data helped me understand a _lot_ about the
         | deliberately engineered shortcomings of our current datasets.
         | 
         | It's in the vested interest of leaders to control the
         | narrative. That's why we have/had so many regulations that
         | prevent them from doing so.
        
         | thehoff wrote:
         | The linked article is talking about ADP.
         | 
         | "To be sure, the ADP report has a spotty track record on
         | predicting the subsequent government jobs report, which
         | investors tend to weigh more heavily."
         | 
         | The BLS does do several measures.
         | 
         | https://www.bls.gov/charts/employment-situation/civilian-une...
         | 
         | Their (BLS) news release also provides more detail.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | https://www.npr.org/2025/03/11/nx-s1-5323155/economic-
           | data-r...
           | 
           | > The government recently disbanded two outside advisory
           | committees that used to consult on the numbers, offering
           | suggestions on ways to improve the reliability of the
           | government data.
           | 
           | > At the same time, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick has
           | suggested changing the way the broadest measure of the
           | economy -- gross domestic product -- is calculated.
           | 
           | > Those moves are raising concerns about whether economic
           | data could be manipulated for political or other purposes.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | You of course know that we have a diverse set of metrics for
         | unemployment that capture all of what you are talking about
         | right?
         | 
         | And that is before we talk about alternative signals like the
         | ADP number this like references.
         | 
         | Anytime someone says "we need better ways" you should just read
         | it as "I should do more reading", because this is a very well
         | studied, understood and measured set of data.
        
           | 1123581321 wrote:
           | Which metric(s) capture what he is talking about?
        
             | ipogrjegiorejkf wrote:
             | Take a look at the St. Louis FRED website and search for
             | wages and wage growth.
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | Yes, it's extremely irritating every time people trot out the
           | same copy-pasted complaints about the BLS unemployment rate
           | and how wrong it is, ignoring the fact that the BLS publishes
           | _six_ different unemployment rates, which specifically
           | address most of those complaints. It 's a sign of terminal
           | incuriosity and using only superficial and secondhand sources
           | of information like news reports on the unemployment rate,
           | and thinking this is enough to make you qualified to do
           | critique.
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | > It's a sign of terminal incuriosity and using only
             | superficial and secondhand sources of information like news
             | reports on the unemployment rate, and thinking this is
             | enough to make you qualified to do critique.
             | 
             | Agreed, I just dismiss complaints about the unemployment
             | rate unless the poster/speaker mentions/alludes to U1 to
             | U6.
             | 
             | The OP in this comment chain is just 'old man yells at
             | clouds' in HN form, complaining about a lack of statistics
             | without checking to see if those statistics are measured
             | (which they are).
        
             | tqi wrote:
             | It's also a sign of intense hubris - the idea that
             | thousands of labor economists have never considered
             | something they thought of after 30 seconds of reading means
             | that either a) the economists are all idiots or b) the
             | reader is orders of magnitude smarter than them.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | This is also a sign that communication of the semantics
               | in understandable terms is pretty bad.
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | The communications _from the BLS_ are quite good and
               | easily understandable. The problem is that the people
               | making these complaints aren 't reading those, they're
               | reading the mainstream reporting on the BLS stats, which
               | is extremely lossily-compressed, and then assuming this
               | makes them qualified to criticize the underlying stats.
               | Journalists deserve some flak here for the superficial
               | way they report on the numbers, but at some point it's on
               | you to get the real thing before you start trying to
               | correct it.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | > but at some point it's on you to get the real thing
               | before you start trying to correct it.
               | 
               | One thing is for sure is that people aren't going to do
               | that.
               | 
               | Anyway, it seems disingenuous (or just completely
               | irrelevant) to complain that people are attacking the BLS
               | rather than how this is wielded to perpetrate a polemic.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _they 're reading the mainstream reporting on the BLS
               | stats, which is extremely lossily-compressed_
               | 
               | Would add that there is a massive difference in how these
               | data are treated and qualified in paid versus ad media.
               | CNBC misses the nuance. The _FT_ , _Wall Street Journal_
               | , _New York Times_ , _et cetera_ do not.
        
             | yourapostasy wrote:
             | This happens everywhere with lots of people in many
             | different contexts. I call it the "'why don't we just'
             | disease", or WDWJ Disease. When you're in any leadership
             | position, you have to stay especially careful to catch
             | yourself from falling prey to this pernicious effect and
             | behavior, and its equally debilitating sibling yak shaving
             | when you over index on preventing WDWJ.
        
           | noslenwerdna wrote:
           | This response is a bit less than helpful. Could you provide
           | an example of a metric from this diverse set that fits what
           | the OP is asking for? I feel like there are at least two use
           | cases from their post:
           | 
           | * a metric that measures if people's jobs are paying enough
           | to put food on the table
           | 
           | * a metric that measures whether people's employment matches
           | their education?
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | About the US specifically, your government reports
             | underemployment numbers, as do almost every country report
             | salaries distribution.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | Your first query is simply real wages. There are several
             | real wage metrics in the bls data set. Here is a commonly
             | referenced one:
             | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LES1252881600Q
             | 
             | Your second query is more subjective. Most people would
             | probably point you at the U6 underemployment number as
             | that's the most famous one. I like the employment
             | projections series for this kind of question though
             | https://www.bls.gov/emp/
        
               | noslenwerdna wrote:
               | For the second one I was hoping there was something like
               | employment satisfaction, but thank you!
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | https://www.bls.gov/nls/ The longitudinal survey asks
               | some job satisfaction questions though I've never tried
               | to look for it by education level.
        
               | twoodfin wrote:
               | That real weekly wage data is basically why Trump almost
               | and then did get reelected in one chart.
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | This is all extremely well-known public information
             | gathered and distributed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
             | which they compile for free.
             | 
             | Here are all (6) unemployment measurements that the BLS
             | makes(U1 thru U6):
             | https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm
             | 
             | The BLS tracks damn near everything you could ever dream up
             | economically: https://www.bls.gov/
             | 
             | Here you can browse every metric that the Federal Reserve
             | Bank tracks: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/
        
           | jklinger410 wrote:
           | > You of course know that we have a diverse set of metrics
           | for unemployment that capture all of what you are talking
           | about right?
           | 
           | If I could never see another passive aggressive response like
           | this again I would die happy.
        
             | deciduously wrote:
             | You of course know that "you of course know _____, right"
             | is the preferred HN rebuttal format, right?
        
               | throwawayoldie wrote:
               | Neck and neck with "Got an example of X?"
        
             | lovich wrote:
             | Active aggression is looked down upon in this forum
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | We have good metrics. The problem is the media seems to only
         | ever look at one of them at a time but we need to look at
         | several at once to get a more complete picture.
         | 
         | Your scenario would be called out by median household income,
         | or better median disposable household income. Even the good old
         | GDP per capita covers your case.
         | 
         | Workforce participation also can be valuable instead of or in
         | addition to unemployment numbers, since you fall out of the
         | count once unemployment benefits expire. However, we need to
         | look at it by age bracket. Lower workforce participation
         | between 20 and 60 is probably bad whereas higher workforce
         | participation over 60 might also be bad.
         | 
         | IMO the problem isn't that the metrics aren't there but that
         | the public discourse either lacks motivation, understanding or
         | incentive to take a proper look. That every discussion of these
         | numbers on social media has a substantial portion of people not
         | understand the difference between median and mean certainly
         | doesn't give me confidence this will ever improve.
        
           | psunavy03 wrote:
           | > The problem is the media seems to only ever look at one of
           | them at a time but we need to look at several at once to get
           | a more complete picture.
           | 
           | This is what I'm getting at. I recognize there are more
           | detailed measures, but they also never seem to inform the
           | public discourse.
        
             | ajmurmann wrote:
             | Not to come off as too cynical but I've increasingly come
             | to the conclusion that the public discourse stays generally
             | at a very shallow level that basic research for 30 minutes
             | quickly moves you beyond. On one hand I find that appalling
             | and poisonous for a democracy. On the other hand, imagine
             | everyone having to spend 30+ minutes on every important
             | topic. It quickly gets out of hand. One could argue that
             | the media should do that research but if they incorporate
             | that in their communication they lose most of their
             | audience who needs to be picked up where they are.
             | 
             | It's why I recently have been convinced that we need
             | something like election my jury
        
               | mathiaspoint wrote:
               | Sortition would help a little but at the end of the day
               | this is why democracy just doesn't work in practice.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Lol, wut? Any system that's been working better in
               | practice?
               | 
               | There are small outlier countries like Singapore that
               | have extremely well but at scale democratic countries
               | have greatly outperformed other systems
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | Technically these aren't incompatible: it's possible that
               | democracy doesn't work but nothing else does either--
               | there's no natural law that says there _must_ be a system
               | of political and social organization which actually works
               | in the world we have now. I have been drifting in this
               | direction myself the last few years; it 's discouraging,
               | but it seems to be the only conclusion supported by the
               | evidence.
        
               | mathiaspoint wrote:
               | It works ok in the short term. Note that most democracies
               | (especially the current best performing ones) are
               | extremely young despite the idea being ancient.
               | 
               | You see this on smaller scales as well. Most of people's
               | complaints about "capitalism" are really about the short
               | sighted decisions corporate leadership often make because
               | it has to answer to an anonymous mob of shareholders.
               | 
               | The only thing that actually works is good leadership
               | with long term vision and if anything democracy gets in
               | the way of that.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | The benefit of democracy is that it has somewhat of a
               | self-correcting mechanism build in and it functions
               | without violence. Autocracies don't have that.
               | 
               | You say Democracies have a short track record. While this
               | is true in the grand scheme of things, each individual
               | non-Democracy that came before did as well. Rulers
               | conquered each other's countries, usurped the current
               | leaders etc. quite regularly. I'm not sure I'd count that
               | as stable and longer-lasting.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Autocracies have plenty of self-correction mechanisms.
               | Generally each level is sustained by some kind of
               | grudging consent from the levels above and below.
        
               | jacobr1 wrote:
               | Right. Usually there is 100% authority in some kind of
               | dictator. You instead have something that is more like an
               | oligarchy. You have different interest groups with
               | varying levels of influence. In some sense democracy
               | works like this too. Every society has stakeholders that
               | need to be bought off or suppressed and there are various
               | equilibria on how that is done.
        
               | mathiaspoint wrote:
               | >You say Democracies have a short track record.
               | 
               | I actually said the exact opposite.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | That's true, but there is a natural law that says that
               | there must be some system of political and social
               | organization that gets employed in practice, so hopefully
               | we can identify the least ineffective one.
        
               | loudmax wrote:
               | There's the problem of scale, and also of duration. Let's
               | say Lee Kuan Yew genuinely wants what's best for
               | Singapore as a whole. How do you ensure that the next
               | autocrat will be equally benign?
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | This is the exact issue. There is a lot more variance in
               | autocrats. You can get Lee Kuan Yew and you can get
               | Kaiser Wilhelm. With democracy you are much more likely
               | to get something in the middle. In the end of the day the
               | cost of an bad autocrat is higher than the opportunity
               | cost of a milk toast government compared to Lee Kuan Yew.
               | China is still catching up from the Mao years.
               | 
               | I do work that social media will change this though
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | milquetoast, not milk toast
        
               | bena wrote:
               | Both actually. Milquetoast was a fictional character used
               | to characterize extreme timidity, as if he were the
               | personification of milk toast. Eventually, the name
               | became a synonym for the attitude. But the name comes
               | from the food
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | TIL
        
               | loudmax wrote:
               | > It's why I recently have been convinced that we need
               | something like election my jury
               | 
               | I think this is how the electoral college was intended to
               | function. This is a hard problem to solve, especially
               | when some of the players aren't operating in good faith.
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | > public discourse stays generally at a very shallow
               | level that basic research for 30 minutes quickly moves
               | you beyond
               | 
               | This is convincingly (to me) explained by the removal of
               | critical thinking courses in public schools, at least in
               | the US. I never experienced them myself but I've heard
               | they included exercises like determining if a statement
               | is fact or opinion, true or false, etc. There was very
               | little of that when I was in school and it was certainly
               | never a dedicated hour-block in high school.
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | I agree with the premise here completely, but not what
               | it's in response to necessarily.
               | 
               | Most people keep very shallow knowledge of most subjects,
               | but this doesn't mean things shouldn't be reported. It
               | just means they(media) shouldn't spend a ton of time
               | explaining how said numbers are calculated. Most people
               | read, hear, or otherwise know the current inflation rate,
               | but not exactly how it's calculated.
               | 
               | All that to say, if some metric isn't being reported,
               | there's a reason - likely for some agenda being pushed.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Are the metrics not reported? Everything I mentioned can
               | be found and it's discussed. Just with more niche
               | audiences or piecemeal
        
               | antman wrote:
               | One just needs a couple of hours per important subject
               | with proper mentorship. Then most mews is repeated
               | patterns or red herrings
        
               | earnestinger wrote:
               | Or more education.
        
           | thayne wrote:
           | > Even the good old GDP per capita covers your case.
           | 
           | Not necessarily. If most of the difference in pay goes to
           | shareholders and/or executives, then the GDP per capita
           | doesn't change. This could be because technology increases
           | productivity, but in a way that increases wealth inequality,
           | and results not only in greater wealth for the already
           | wealthy, but less wealth for workers who are no longer
           | needed.
        
           | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
           | > Even the good old GDP per capita covers your case.
           | 
           | Absolutely not.
           | 
           | If corporate revenue increases, but wages stay the same, GDP
           | per capita goes up, yet the workers aren't any better off.
           | All that extra money is being absorbed by the ones at the
           | top.
           | 
           | Median disposable household income is probably the best
           | measure.
        
             | shafyy wrote:
             | Even better one: real wages, and income and wealth
             | inequality.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Why does wealth inequality matter? If my real wealth
               | doubles and Elon's real wealth doubles, inequality went
               | up, yet everyone is tremendously better off. I think we
               | are using inequality as a very bad proxy for poverty but
               | we have much better metrics for that. I suspect people
               | just dislike it for emotional reasons. I want to point
               | out that Sweden has more billionaires per capita than the
               | US. Yet everyone is fine with Sweden.
               | 
               | I can set an argument about political influence that's
               | gotten really strong lately but maybe that's better
               | addressed by strengthening the politically system
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > Why does wealth inequality matter? If my real wealth
               | doubles and Elon's real wealth doubles, inequality went
               | up,
               | 
               | Not in terms of the ratio between you, which is the way
               | we normally talk about wealth inequality : "he has X
               | times more wealth than I do", or "she makes X times more
               | than I do".
               | 
               | Anyway, this is not how wealth inequality has grown at
               | all. It has happened by most people's real income barely
               | rising at all over 40-50 years, while the rich have seen
               | theirs rise by huge factors (hundreds to many thousands
               | in some cases).
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | That's not at all what I've seen in the US. The middle
               | class has shrunk but that part of the overall population
               | has moved to upper income.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, real (aka inflation corrected) median
               | household income has gone up:
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSA672N
               | 
               | If what you care about is standing real wages why talk
               | about inequality? I'm concerned that it just functions
               | better as rage bait and leads to unproductive policies.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | It depends on what you're trying to measure. From a
               | purely rational perspective, increasing inequality
               | doesn't matter if everyone's quality of life is
               | improving. But humans are irrational, and happiness is
               | often tied to social status within the hierarchy. Even if
               | you're materially better off you might find yourself
               | lower on the status scale. Status is a zero-sum game.
               | Maybe we shouldn't care about such things but yet most
               | people do.
        
               | gman83 wrote:
               | Wealth inequality matters a lot when rich people can
               | spend unlimited amounts of money buying influence in
               | politics and then use that influence to enact policies
               | that favor the rich over the poor.
        
               | jampekka wrote:
               | At billionairre scale money becomes qualitatively
               | different compared to typical household scale. For
               | households money typically goes to consumption (or future
               | consumption via savings) whereas billionairre money goes
               | to affect how productive (and often political) forces get
               | organized.
               | 
               | At consumption money level at least inequality is also
               | inefficient allocation of resources due to the
               | diminishing marginal utility of money.
        
               | NickC25 wrote:
               | And the money velocity!
               | 
               | A healthy economy is one where money is made via wages,
               | and spent via economic activity.
               | 
               | The more active a given dollar is in terms of circulation
               | through the economy, the healthier the economy usually
               | is.
               | 
               | Economies tend to stagnate when a small group of people
               | hoard the vast majority of the money, and don't circulate
               | it back into the economy.
        
             | spacemadness wrote:
             | In this episode of how economists lie to us all...
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | I mean it's basically their job.
        
             | darth_avocado wrote:
             | > Median disposable household income is probably the best
             | measure
             | 
             | If I used to make $78k as a full time IT employee, but now
             | have to work two jobs to make $78k, I still have same
             | household income but I'm considerably worse than before.
             | 
             | A combination of hours worked, wages earned and household
             | debt together would paint a much more accurate picture.
        
               | hx8 wrote:
               | I'm not sure household debt is a great indicator. Someone
               | that has a mortgage will have much more household debt
               | than a renter, but also not have to pay rent.
               | 
               | This would need data to contextualize.
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | Don't matter. You still have the debt. If you lose your
               | job in a depression, odds are no much other people will
               | be in the market to buy your home.
        
               | hx8 wrote:
               | The amount of equity you have in your home matters. Most
               | recessions do not take 20% off home values, so people
               | with conventional loans are pretty safe. Even the Great
               | Depression just cut valuations about 35%.
               | 
               | If you lose your job in a depression there will be plenty
               | of people willing to buy assets at a discount. If you
               | have equity in your home then your position will be net
               | positive. About half of all mortgages have an outstanding
               | balance less than 50% of the home's value.
        
               | const_cast wrote:
               | I think debt is good, actually, for most middle class
               | households, and they're actively trying to increase their
               | debt because that results in greater cash-flow, more
               | savings, and more security in terms of retirement. That's
               | why buying a home is Goal #1 for most Americans.
        
               | frontfor wrote:
               | You could argue household debt is just another form of
               | rent, where you "rent" capital from the wealthy in
               | exchange for paying interest on a monthly basis. Just
               | because you don't pay a rent directly named as such
               | doesn't change the substance of it.
        
               | hx8 wrote:
               | Exactly my point. Rent and mortgage debt is functionally
               | very similar and total household debt wouldn't capture
               | rent obligations.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Debt, within reason, is just a tool. It provides leverage
               | and it lets you buy things for which you don't have cash-
               | in-hand--houses in particular. It can also encourage
               | overspending (something that car dealers capitalize on)
               | but that's another story.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | It's a _very_ different form of rent though, namely
               | because the mortgage borrower has a lot of collateralized
               | debt _and_ the mortgage borrower owns the appreciation
               | (or depreciation) of the property (proportional to their
               | equity).
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | A home dweller is paying "rent" to the government as
               | property taxes, possibly indirectly through a mortgage.
        
               | jljljl wrote:
               | This metric of underemployment is captured in U-5 and U-6
               | in the BLS statistics.
               | 
               | It's less common to report, but in the aftermath of the
               | financial crisis I remember hearing more about it. You
               | can construct a chart in FRED that covers it:
               | 
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1JWGw
        
               | relaxing wrote:
               | No, you don't understand.
               | 
               | As nerds we possess unique capacity for generating
               | insights via thinkin real hard about stuff, and everyone
               | else is a great big dummy who could not possibly have
               | thought of it already.
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | Economists get things wrong all the time. It's not about
               | others not possibly have thought of it already, it's
               | about the fact that policy and politics is still driven
               | by other measures that are inaccurate.
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | Just because economists get things wrong, does not imply
               | that therefore they can be, and need to be, corrected by
               | computer programmers with superficial understandings of
               | the field. You can _both_ be wrong.
        
               | ctoll wrote:
               | This is like arguing that politicians don't need to be
               | corrected by non-politicians, or that people with no
               | understand of programming can't criticize the tech
               | industry.
               | 
               | No one is arguing that being a computer programmer gives
               | a person unique insights here.
        
               | acchow wrote:
               | Please take a look at the guidelines
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
               | 
               | Notably:
               | 
               | > Be kind. Don't be snarky
               | 
               | > Eschew flamebait. Avoid generic tangents. Omit internet
               | tropes.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | GDP is fairly easy to measure, and since a society normally
             | consumes as much as it produces, it's a pretty good measure
             | of average economic health.
             | 
             | You're right that there is more nuance you'd wish to see,
             | but it's harder to measure, and I don't know how much it's
             | normally worth.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | > it's a pretty good measure of average economic health
               | 
               | Median economic health strikes me as far more interesting
               | than mean. I don't really care how well rich people are
               | doing.
        
               | Henchman21 wrote:
               | We all need to be concerned when they're doing _too well_
        
               | lawlessone wrote:
               | >I don't really care how well rich people are doing.
               | 
               | ahem "people of wealth"
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | Household income is a funny collective measure. If housing
             | becomes less affordable, household income increases, as
             | kids stay longer with their parents. And if housing becomes
             | more affordable, household income decreases, as kids move
             | out earlier.
        
               | thayne wrote:
               | I think a better measure would be household income
               | divided by number of adults in the household. Possibly
               | with some consideration for the number of children in the
               | household.
        
               | jampekka wrote:
               | E.g. OECD normalizes household income by household size:
               | 
               | > Household income is adjusted for differences in the
               | needs of households of different sizes with an
               | equivalence scale that divides household income by the
               | square root of household size. The adjusted income is
               | then attributed to every person in the household.
               | 
               | https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/society-at-a-
               | glance-202...
        
             | jakubadamw wrote:
             | "The Measure of Progress: Counting What Really Matters" is
             | supposedly a good book discussing the inadequacy of GDP as
             | a metric for how well off a society is.
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | Perhaps the Gini coefficient would be a better metric to
             | capture this?
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Certainly not in isolation. It measures inequality. If
               | everyone has nothing you get a perfect Gini score.
               | Pakistan, Ukraine, Belarus and Algeria have a lower
               | (better) Gini score than all of the Americas and most of
               | western Europe and Japan. Want to move?
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | The Gini coefficients published for deeply corrupt
               | countries like Pakistan and Ukraine are almost certainly
               | a total fiction. Much of the real wealth held by the
               | elites in those countries is hidden from official
               | statistics.
        
             | csallen wrote:
             | Ironically, you're proving the person you're responding to
             | right: The problem is trying to get a holistic view by
             | focusing on one metric in isolation.
             | 
             | You need to consider _multiple_ metrics. Any one metric by
             | itself is going to have holes.
        
               | gopher_space wrote:
               | The old "number of dudes on a street corner" metric works
               | perfectly fine by itself.
               | 
               | Folks at the bottom of the pile are perfect economic
               | bellwethers.
        
               | 9283409232 wrote:
               | You're right but this would require caring about the
               | poorest in society which the US seems to have a problem
               | with.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Median disposable household income is probably the best
             | measure_
             | 
             | Median disposable income won't meaningfully capture OP's
             | case of losing a high-paying job and having it replaced by
             | a low-paying one. For that you need to look at the
             | distribution of household disposable income.
             | 
             | We have terrific economic metrics in America. It really
             | should be part of a mandatory civics class to learn how to
             | read them.
        
             | SR2Z wrote:
             | If a software engineer starts working at Applebees, GDP
             | will decrease. If lots of software engineers do it, GDP
             | decreases more.
             | 
             | If corporate revenue increases and is spent (as most
             | revenue is), then the workers will be better off in the
             | most bland "raising all boats" sense of the word - there
             | will be more competition for their labor and more
             | opportunities for them to jump ship.
             | 
             | GDP gets a bad rap but if I had to pick a single metric,
             | that's the one I'd choose.
        
               | the_real_cher wrote:
               | Not if those are replaced by automation, offshoring, or
               | outsourcing.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | One thing I remember from the first Dot-com crash circa
               | 2002 is that the service quality in Silicon Valley area
               | restaurants suddenly got a lot better. There were a lot
               | of former "HTML programmers" forced to find other jobs.
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | I attended a talk by Alberto Alesina (RIP) a few years
               | back and he made the point that, yeah, GDP isn't perfect,
               | but by and large, people in countries with a high GDP are
               | healthier and happier. It might not measure the
               | difference between the US and France as well, but it's
               | pretty good at pointing out that Sweden is doing better
               | than Somalia.
        
             | groby_b wrote:
             | That was not the argument. The argument was that their case
             | "lost six-figure job, working as waiter now" was covered by
             | GDP/capita, and it is. Applebee's doesn't make the same
             | revenue per capita as a place that hands out six-figure
             | jobs.
             | 
             | Your argument is the exact reason why the media focus on a
             | single metric is bad - because some but-whataboutism will
             | always pop up and use it as pretext to debate an unrelated
             | issue not covered by the metric.
             | 
             | It's also the exact reason why we shouldn't measure
             | economic health as a single metric at all - it's not that
             | to whom value accrues doesn't matter, it's that it's a
             | different metric than how much value is generated in the
             | first place.
             | 
             | It also explains why there isn't a single best economic
             | policy - the absence of a single metric means there is no
             | strict ordering.
             | 
             | (You can easily construe a counter-argument why median
             | disposable household income isn't the best metric, either:
             | "Median wage is stagnant, everybody needs to take a second
             | job so disposable income goes up". And you can do that for
             | every single metric in isolation)
        
             | NickC25 wrote:
             | Also a great measure is the money supply & velocity chart -
             | the M2.
             | 
             | If GDP goes up and the velocity of money drops, it means
             | that real economic gains are not being realized by those
             | who actually spend the majority of their income versus
             | saving it.
             | 
             | Not that there's anything wrong with saving money - it's
             | just that the more money that is being spent regularly, the
             | healthier the entire economy is. Generally.
        
           | kranke155 wrote:
           | It's the incentive. There is a reason the media focuses on
           | easily juiced metrics.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Add in that most media companies these days are a branch of
             | large corporations and it's easy to see where their
             | incentives lie.
        
             | ajmurmann wrote:
             | That is part of it but it goes beyond it. I have a group of
             | friends who are pretty much all nerds and every once in a
             | while we end up discussing how desirable different
             | countries are to live in. Because we are nerds metrics will
             | be pulled out. You just need to look at so much and
             | depending what you personally care about things can be very
             | misleading just because you scoped some metrics wrong. It's
             | not obvious to everyone that Ireland has a high GDP because
             | corporate profits get funneled through there. Looking at
             | many European countries you might think salaries are pretty
             | good, especially when PPP corrected. Well, Unless you are a
             | software engineer. Houses might be cheaper, till you look
             | at price per squarfoot... It's genuinely hard.
        
           | t_mann wrote:
           | I think it's time to switch from GDP per capita to household
           | income. You might think the two are practically the same, and
           | globally that's true, but at the regional level there can be
           | stark discrepancies.
           | 
           | One example: Ireland's GDP grew a staggering 25% in 2015 [0],
           | mainly because Apple decided to book more of their profits
           | there. It does lead to higher tax revenue, but creates
           | relatively few jobs or other income there. The profits go to
           | Apple shareholders, who mainly live outside Ireland.
           | Household income would more adequately reflect where those
           | benefits go than GDP.
           | 
           | Plus, with household income it's more natural to look at the
           | median in addition to the mean, which is the more robust
           | metric, statistically speaking.
           | 
           | [0] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?lo
           | cat...
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | I think income is still too crude and misleading. You
             | really need some kind of complex individual economic health
             | measure made of many indicators.
             | 
             | But a more informative proxy would be median net worth -
             | individual, not household, with married couple net worth
             | divided by two for simplicity - as a fairly simple assets
             | vs liabilities calculation.
             | 
             | The net worth distribution would be even more revealing
             | because it would highlight the difference between owners
             | and renters.
             | 
             | This still doesn't reveal net worth _stability_. In the US
             | you can - and many people do - go from a seven figure net
             | worth to bankruptcy because of a health crisis or
             | (increasingly) a climate disaster.
             | 
             | So you'd want a supplemental distribution showing how
             | variable net worth is, how many people are reduced to
             | bankruptcy at each decile, and how much movement there is
             | in each decile.
             | 
             | Reducing these kinds of complexities to a single number
             | seems misleading at best.
        
           | pkaye wrote:
           | > Workforce participation also can be valuable instead of or
           | in addition to unemployment numbers, since you fall out of
           | the count once unemployment benefits expire.
           | 
           | Unemployment rates are calculated based on surveys. They call
           | many people and ask a series of questions to determine which
           | category they fit into.
        
           | bentt wrote:
           | Nobody is incentivized to share bad news about the economy.
           | Everyone has a vested interest in the stock market rising, in
           | keeping their jobs, and a shared desire to see things go up
           | forever.
           | 
           | This is why there needs to be some kind of safety net so that
           | the economy is not a proxy for life and death. In the USA, if
           | you run out of money, you are in real trouble. We need to
           | decouple success/failure in the market from personal safety.
           | You should be able to try opening a hot dog stand, have it
           | tank, and still be able to eat and go to the doctor.
        
             | pedroma wrote:
             | >Nobody is incentivized to share bad news about the
             | economy.
             | 
             | Isn't the media incentivized to keep you watching or
             | reading? The common criticism of media is they like to
             | exaggerate a minor issue to get you to click on a headline.
        
               | hello_moto wrote:
               | except when it affects the economy thus their investment
               | (be it 401k or something else)
        
               | pedroma wrote:
               | They might be short sellers, or they might be foreign and
               | view the US as an economic rival. There may be more
               | incentives than just more clicks for the media.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Yet, for the last few years the media has been poopooing
               | and economy that's by pretty much all measures was very
               | strong.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | A more likely explanation is that outside of a few
               | specialized publications, most members of the media are
               | just as financially and economically illiterate as the
               | average person. I mean how many finance and economics
               | courses do you have to pass to get a degree in journalism
               | or communications? There's no deep media conspiracy here.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | > and the "unemployment" rate would stay the same
         | 
         | Of course it would, the percentage of people unemployed would
         | be the same.
         | 
         | > six-figure job, turn around, and get hired on as a server at
         | Applebee's for minimum wage
         | 
         | Average wages section of the jobs report would reflect this
         | change.
         | 
         | > doesn't include those not actively looking for work
         | 
         | Participation rate section of the jobs report.
         | 
         | > Either way ...
         | 
         | Savings rate, hours worked, consumer credit, default rates etc
         | cover all of this.
        
           | thayne wrote:
           | > Average wages section of the jobs report would reflect this
           | change.
           | 
           | Not if someone else at the top got paid more.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | If the same amount of wages are getting paid out and its
             | merely getting reallocated as to whom, that's a very
             | different scenario from people getting laid off to reduce
             | labor costs.
             | 
             | Unemployment is meant to track how many people are working,
             | not income equality.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | Perhaps we need better metrics actually tracking income
               | inequality, because tracking employment rate without that
               | seems pretty disingenuous as a metric of aggregate
               | economic health.
               | 
               | Or rather, we should be _reporting_ such metrics that we
               | surely must track already together.
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | This is akin to saying that we need a better metric than
               | CPU temperature to track internet download speed.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | I don't follow at all. Which of these is supposed to
               | correspond to "aggregate economic health"? The problem is
               | that unemployment, particularly U-3, is a bad signal for
               | aggregate economic health by itself. As is GDP. You need
               | an signal for wealth distribution to get a sense of how a
               | given person can interpret to understand how well the
               | economy is serving them. At the very least.
               | 
               | EDIT: Of course, the _ultimate_ issue is people wanting
               | to cherry-pick metrics to push their polemic. If you have
               | any solutions to that I 'm all ears. We've been able to
               | articulate an accurate understanding all along, but that
               | doesn't make for easy headlines or simplistic campaign
               | platforms.
        
               | kentm wrote:
               | > Which of these is supposed to correspond to "aggregate
               | economic health"?
               | 
               | There's no single metric for aggregate economic health in
               | the same way that there's no single metric for aggregate
               | server health. There's a problem in expectations when
               | people complain about U-3; its not supposed to be a
               | measure of economic health. And thats the point being
               | made here.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | And yet, that's exactly how U-3 is used by everyone but
               | the labor economists that define it. Hence why this
               | conversation is happening in the first place.
        
               | kentm wrote:
               | Yes, and the fault is on the people using U-3 that way,
               | not the economists. Talking about the problems with U-3
               | implies that the economists messed up. The issue is that
               | everyone is looking for a quick 5-second way of making
               | conclusions about a complicated topic.
               | 
               | We don't need a new metric. There is no new metric that
               | will satisfy that criteria. The only solution is to
               | improve the way we talk about the economy.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _that 's exactly how U-3 is used by everyone but the
               | labor economists that define it_
               | 
               | No, it's not. Enterprise demand planning, market
               | research, hell even political analysis for donors and
               | politicians----everyone who has a use for the data knows
               | how to use them.
               | 
               | If you want to see the contrast in treatment, compare the
               | _Financial Times_ and _Wall Street Journal_ publications
               | versus free media, _e.g._ CNBC or TV news.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | Is it disingenuous to report obituaries without including
               | birth announcements in the same article? Surely only
               | reporting the one gives a skewed view of demographic
               | health.
               | 
               | News is about reporting _new_ information in a timely
               | manner. When a metric gets updated, it 's good to let
               | people know, especially if the new value is unexpected.
               | Many people may have various different uses for this
               | update. It is impossible to give every piece of data
               | anyone could consider useful in a single article.
               | Luckily, that is unnecessary. All that information is
               | publicly available and people can go look it up for
               | themselves at any time.
               | 
               | If you don't care enough to look up the metrics that are
               | reported, that's not a problem with the metrics or the
               | reporting.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | > Is it disingenuous to report obituaries without
               | including birth announcements in the same article? Surely
               | only reporting the one gives a skewed view of demographic
               | health.
               | 
               | The point of obituaries is not to give any sense of
               | demographic health.
               | 
               | > News is about reporting new information in a timely
               | manner. When a metric gets updated, it's good to let
               | people know, especially if the new value is unexpected.
               | Many people may have various different uses for this
               | update. It is impossible to give every piece of data
               | anyone could consider useful in a single article.
               | Luckily, that is unnecessary. All that information is
               | publicly available and people can go look it up for
               | themselves at any time.
               | 
               | Sure, but the issue is that the reporting treats the
               | metric as meaningfully representative of accessibility of
               | employment when it's actually representative of who is
               | seeking the unemployment benefit.
               | 
               | > If you don't care enough to look up the metrics that
               | are reported, that's not a problem with the metrics or
               | the reporting.
               | 
               | This seems wildly naive.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | > The point of obituaries is not to give any sense of
               | demographic health.
               | 
               | And the point of unemployment statistics is not to give
               | any sense of economic equality.
               | 
               | > Sure, but the issue is that the reporting treats the
               | metric as meaningfully representative of accessibility of
               | employment
               | 
               | Because it is a pretty good proxy for this. When
               | unemployment is high, wages tend to stagnate and it takes
               | longer on average for people to find new employment. When
               | unemployment is low, wages go up and people tend to have
               | a much easier time finding a job quickly. There is a
               | remarkable correlation between people seeking
               | unemployment benefits and accessibility of employment.
               | Sure there are people who would rather take a low paying
               | job than the benefits, but there have always been such
               | people, and the proportion doesn't quickly change, so
               | within reason you can compare the situation at time A
               | with the situation at time B based on the metric which is
               | measured the same way at both times and get a pretty good
               | sense of what the difference is.
               | 
               | It is not the end all be all, but nothing ever could be.
               | It is one of countless metrics, all of which have their
               | appropriate uses.
        
               | thayne wrote:
               | > that's a very different scenario from people getting
               | laid off to reduce labor costs.
               | 
               | Not necessarily. People could be laid off to reduce labor
               | costs, in order to distribute more wealth to those at the
               | top. And since the average is national, it doesn't even
               | have to be at the same company. People could be laid off
               | from company A, because A is unable to compete with
               | company B that has a smaller head count, but pays their
               | execs more.
               | 
               | > Unemployment is meant to track how many people are
               | working, not income equality.
               | 
               | Sure, but the point is that metrics used to discuss
               | economic health don't typically include metrics that
               | represent wealth inequality, or the standard of living of
               | the general population.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | > People could be laid off from company A, because A is
               | unable to compete with company B that has a smaller head
               | count, but pays their execs more.
               | 
               | This is exactly the scenario I was describing - this is
               | not a sign of a cooling economy with rising unemployment
               | or underemployment, this is a sign of firm B outcompeting
               | firm A. It might be interesting in its own right, but
               | it's very much not what unemployment is meant to be
               | tracking.
               | 
               | > Sure, but the point is that metrics used to discuss
               | economic health don't typically include metrics that
               | represent wealth inequality, or the standard of living of
               | the general population.
               | 
               | Tons of such metrics are frequently discussed. Things
               | like ratio of CEO to employee pay and income percentages
               | are given all the time. No one feels the need to compare
               | the unemployment rates when it's mentioned CEO to
               | employee pay has increased from 20:1 to 290:1 since 1960.
               | Everyone understands that the economy is a complex,
               | multifaceted thing and the fact it may be doing well or
               | poorly by one metric has no bearing on a discussion of a
               | different aspect.
               | 
               | People care about employment rate because work is
               | critical to our culture - we spend most of our lives
               | working, we identify ourselves by our professions, we
               | rely on income for both survival and social status, most
               | of us would find it extremely unpleasant to be without a
               | job for an extended period of time, and most of us would
               | be delighted if our skills were in high demand at the
               | moment such that we could confidently secure better pay.
               | Regardless of wealth inequality, the overwhelming
               | majority of us want unemployment to be low, and primarily
               | frictional. An unexpected spike in unemployment is well
               | correlated with various bad things which we would love to
               | avoid or at least prepare for. It is a useful metric for
               | economic health, like resting heartrate is a useful
               | metric for bodily health. A good resting heart rate
               | doesn't mean you have nothing else to be concerned about,
               | but a bad resting heart rate is a concern regardless of
               | whatever else is going on.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | You seem to want better reporting of economic news. I would say
         | to vote on it with your pocket and pick a better selection of
         | news sources, but I'm not sure those better sources still
         | exist.
         | 
         | Either way, nearly nobody uses the numbers you see on the
         | headlines for any serious decision.
        
         | rexer wrote:
         | Some of the unemployment metrics do include folks not actively
         | looking for work:
         | https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm
         | 
         | > We really need better ways of measuring economic health.
         | 
         | What would that look like to you? It seems to me no single,
         | measurable metric is going to tell you economic health. They're
         | a bunch of indicators that need to be interpreted.
        
         | satiated_grue wrote:
         | There are a number of other metrics compiled and reported that
         | answer some of your questions, e.g.:
         | 
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CIVPART Labor Force
         | Participation Rate
         | 
         | These are reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics:
         | 
         | https://www.bls.gov/ces/
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | > I could lose my six-figure job, turn around, and get hired on
         | as a server at Applebee's for minimum wage, and the
         | "unemployment" rate would stay the same. Not to mention that it
         | doesn't include those not actively looking for work.
         | 
         | This is captured as part of the "U-6" figure for unemployment.
         | The thing is, at a large scale, these events don't matter. They
         | are rare enough to be noise in the grand scheme of things.
         | 
         | The reason the U-3 is the canonical "unemployment rate" is
         | because that is where the core signal is. The bulk of the
         | change in all of the other more inclusive rates is the change
         | in the U-3 scaled by some factor.
         | 
         | But really, your complaint has nothing to do with actual
         | employment, but instead with earnings. Wages are also a metric
         | captured and reported by the BLS and better serve your message.
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | >This is captured as part of the "U-6" figure for
           | unemployment.
           | 
           | I always wonder _how_ this is captured. For U-3, you could go
           | with the number getting unemployment benefits. For U-6, you
           | 'd have to literally call people and ask them, and I've
           | literally never been called to ask if I'm working in my field
           | and I'd guess most of us haven't either. I have to think if
           | they _are_ sampling, it 's a very narrow sample likely biased
           | by geography, industry, age, etc.
        
             | jandrewrogers wrote:
             | The models are pretty complicated and incorporate several
             | data sources, sampling is just one part of it. I've seen
             | (very dry) documents that go into the methodology in
             | detail. The model does introduce some obvious biases
             | through assumptions of representativeness but how those
             | interact with the headline numbers is not straightforward.
        
             | jordanb wrote:
             | U-6 mostly comes from the BLS Occupational Employment
             | Survey.
             | 
             | I don't think the original poster would be considered as
             | part of U-6 unless his new job is defined as "marginally
             | attached to the workforce or part-time for economic
             | reasons." Simply getting a job with less pay doesn't put
             | you in U-6.
        
           | jordanb wrote:
           | U3 is kinda silly but is mostly used because it is the
           | original employment rate definition and therefore is
           | comparable across time.
           | 
           | U6 would not include the original poster unless his new job
           | was "minimally attached or part-time for economic reasons."
           | U-6 does not, generally, include people who got a new job for
           | lower pay.
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | The harm is when people take the metric as literally "what
           | percentage of people who want to be employed can find a job",
           | which U-3 emphatically does not represent.
        
             | jacobr1 wrote:
             | It doesn't directly measure it, true. But the parent poster
             | was saying it has extremely high positive correlation to
             | measures that do measure it, so it probably doesn't matter.
        
         | jimt1234 wrote:
         | I think it's even worse, because that single metric,
         | unemployment, is highly manipulatable. Administrations have
         | been known to redefine "employment" in order to make the number
         | look more favorable.
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | The U6 unemployment rate is supposed to cover those who are
         | underemployed. What is usually reported is the U3 unemployment
         | rate which is closest to that used internationally as defined
         | by ILO.
         | 
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/U6RATE
        
         | bilsbie wrote:
         | It sounds silly but we should take it one step further and look
         | at life satisfaction. Who cares about jobs if people are
         | unhappy?
         | 
         | Stay at home parents could be way more valuable than more Wall
         | Street jobs.
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | It is important to note that life satisfaction and happiness
           | are weakly correlated metrics, quite famously so. One is not
           | substitutable for the other. In particular, life satisfaction
           | is correlated with income at all scales whereas happiness is
           | not.
           | 
           | You optimize for one to the detriment of the other. American
           | culture is atypically biased toward the "life satisfaction"
           | side of that tradeoff.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | What does that tell us? One person could be unhappy because
           | their boss verbally abuses them every day in team meetings.
           | Another person could be unhappy because their decent and
           | fairly paid job prevents them from playing video games.
           | Finland is once again ranked #1 on the World Happiness Index
           | as the happiest country in the world, yet has a suicide rate
           | much higher than the global rate.
           | 
           | I think the bottom line is that there is no one figure that
           | informs us about all questions. But certain figures have
           | strong correlations. People rag here almost daily about how
           | GDP/Capita is a poor measure of x, y, or z, yet cannot name a
           | low gdp/capita country they'd prefer to have been born in.
           | Because GDP/Capita correlates very precisely with higher
           | standards of living.
        
         | _DeadFred_ wrote:
         | Not at you personally, but your post being top and active,
         | while not really relevant to the story presented always makes
         | me wonder do people upvote these tangents to prevent discussion
         | on the threads original topic?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _do people upvote these tangents to prevent discussion on
           | the threads original topic?_
           | 
           | No, they upvote because they agree with it.
           | 
           | Just as some people flaunt their incompetence with basic math
           | or civic involvement as a point of pride, it's somewhat
           | common in tech for folks to hold their lack of familiarity
           | with economics, particularly econometrics, as a point of
           | pride. (If you wanted to bury it, you'd flag it.)
        
         | RC_ITR wrote:
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNS12032196
         | 
         | We do - People employed part time for Economic Reasons.
         | 
         | If what your looking for is 'People with salaries below the
         | highest they've ever earned', then you're just going to get a
         | very noisy metric of sales people on bad commission years, etc.
        
         | ipogrjegiorejkf wrote:
         | This is like looking at your revenue numbers and choosing to
         | focus on the number of units sold and disregarding price per
         | unit. The government releases TONS of analysis on wages and
         | wage growth (e.g. the "price per unit"). The St. Louis FRED is
         | a great resource.
         | 
         | I don't blame you. I blame the media for bad reporting. If you
         | dig deeper, I can think of a few reasons why the media would
         | choose to focus on some metrics and not others but I'll leave
         | my conspiracy theories for another discussion.
        
         | skipants wrote:
         | If every ex-6-figure worker has to work at Applebee's to make
         | ends meet... then who's eating at Applebee's?
        
           | virgildotcodes wrote:
           | Applebees drops prices to enable their employees to eat at
           | Applebees. Margins fall, wages universally clamped to minimum
           | wage, layoffs hit. Fewer Applebees workers with lower wages
           | means a shrinking demand side of the Applebees ouroboros,
           | resulting in a spiral of Applebees price cuts, revenue drops,
           | layoffs. The end state of humanity is a desolate Applebees
           | parking lot strewn with desiccated human corpses and the last
           | person alive is the largest shareholder of Applebees, inside
           | the store, consuming their own flesh.
        
         | observationist wrote:
         | A big tech company firing a few thousand current employees and
         | hiring twice as many H1B workers shows a net gain for jobs
         | health, when this represents wages dropping, more people
         | unemployed, and has a very negative impact on the economy. Many
         | big companies game the metrics being Goodharted by regulators
         | and watchdogs, and people guilelessly buy into the headlines,
         | without inspecting the reality underneath.
        
         | BunsanSpace wrote:
         | There's also labour participation and underemployment to look
         | at.
         | 
         | In your case underemployment would go up.
         | 
         | You need to look at all metrics together to get a bigger
         | picture. Example is unemployment is down, but so is labour
         | participation. That doesn't mean there was job growth, it means
         | people stopped looking.
         | 
         | Or if unemployment is down, but underemployment is up. Similar
         | picture emerges.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | We know about all of those things and BLS publishes (or at
         | least used to) reliable stats on them.
         | 
         | The unemployment rate as reported is probably the best way to
         | report objectively on employment and the ebb and flow of
         | layoffs and hiring. A more qualitative assessment requires more
         | adjustments and interpretation.
        
         | fHr wrote:
         | Same with the stock market completly decoupled from the real
         | economy. It's a wealthy index, there could be a real recession
         | and the stock market still would go up.
        
         | vaidhy wrote:
         | I am a bit confused.. If you are willing to work at Applebee's
         | for minimum wage job, then you are employed. Why should you be
         | considered unemployed?
         | 
         | If you all you can find are the minimum wage jobs and you
         | choose not to work there, then you should be considered
         | unemployed and if you are long term unemployed, U6 captures
         | that.
        
           | ajsnigrutin wrote:
           | Politicians can keep lying that the economic situation is
           | great, because the number of unemployed is not rising.
           | 
           | Meanwhile he can't afford rent, even though statistics show
           | everything is ok.
        
         | ivape wrote:
         | Why do we care so much if jobs are created or not created? The
         | market is the market, either we need more jobs or we don't. If
         | there are not enough jobs, then what are we going to do? Create
         | more? We're just dressing up socialism in capitalism's clothes.
         | If you want to seriously do capitalism, then there is
         | absolutely no reason to measure employment. If it's zero then
         | it's correct, if it's 100% then it's correct, the number is
         | always correct.
         | 
         | The problem isn't employment. It's food and shelter. Why do we
         | care so much if people have jobs? Because in America you will
         | die homeless and starve without one. The core issue is much
         | further down Maslow's hierarchy.
         | 
         | The food and housing are too expensive so much so that we are
         | now flabbergasted by the reality of the end game of this
         | system, and we're trying to use euphemistic metrics to broom
         | the larger issue (food and a roof) under the bed. The situation
         | is so bad that a large percentage of Americans are absolutely
         | fine dragging anything that resembles economic competition
         | (immigrants) by their fucking ears off the street, mom dad and
         | child, and dumping them in some random country. The larger US
         | population is unable to cede even an ounce of empathy because
         | their wallets are held hostage by a loan-based society/growth-
         | oriented pricing ( _my house MUST be worth 40% more since I
         | bought it_ - really? I see.). We 're at an inflection point.
         | 
         | This could be a false analogy, but I'll throw it out there.
         | Imagine a startup that cannot sell their product because it
         | simply sucks. Now imagine not coming to terms with that and
         | doing relentless A/B testing and pointing at the data from
         | that. You won't solve shit with that data, go back to the
         | drawing board.
         | 
         | Infinite growth and infinite "go work more and harder" doesn't
         | sound like the path forward for America. This is very much a
         | "work smarter" situation, because you have to be stupid to keep
         | buying that paradigm. The deal we made with capitalism had
         | nothing to do with annihilating our core conscious of feeding
         | and housing everyone. Capitalism was never supposed to
         | eradicate that human virtue and certainly not add a layer of
         | "must have money and must have job" to stay dry/warm and not
         | hungry, and at the very least not be in constant financial
         | anxiety (which is the day-to-day psychological torment the
         | average American faces).
         | 
         | Another way to interpret employment numbers is to simply
         | meditatively say out loud "There's 70k people this month that
         | are on the rails because this society is that cut-throat about
         | money for literally everything, down to the bagel, down to the
         | roof".
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | Anyway, the new bill congress just passed targeted SNAP, so we
         | definitely cut off more people from affordable food. This
         | entire country is going to need something like SNAP for 300+
         | million Americans in about 10 years, so we'll all get to watch
         | the poetry of this one.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _if there are not enough jobs, then what are we going to
           | do? Create more?_
           | 
           | ...yes.
           | 
           | > _problem isn 't employment. It's food and shelter_
           | 
           | We track these. And in most places in America, you can get to
           | a place where you can get both for free. Not to the quality
           | most people want. But to a degree that will sustain you.
        
             | ivape wrote:
             | _And in most places in America, you can get to a place
             | where you can get both for free._
             | 
             | I'm speaking about mass scale unemployment and
             | underemployment. Our homeless infrastructure cannot even
             | handle our homeless. The underemployed and underpaid are
             | basically 6 months removed from homelessness without work,
             | so call a duck a duck.
             | 
             | How long can you keep food/shelter without a job? Six
             | months for the average American? If we are going to
             | artificially create jobs, then I recommend we artificially
             | house and food people instead because that's the core
             | issue. Your average American is freaking scared of
             | everything if they go 6 months without a job, and that's a
             | problem.
             | 
             | If the market needed those workers and jobs it would have
             | created at any price , no price would be too low or too
             | high. The reason the market doesn't conjure up food and
             | shelter for people is because that's not what it's for, so
             | it's best we decouple.
             | 
             | I'm suggesting that a large percentage of Americans are
             | functionally homeless and basically on a weekly food-
             | shelter lease program in our society that can be cut off to
             | them at any time (sorry, capitalism).
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _How long can you keep it without a job?_
               | 
               | Forever. That's how free works. If you can get to an
               | American city, which most American towns will happily
               | help you out with, you can access free food and shelter
               | virtually limitlessly.
               | 
               | > _if the market needed those workers and jobs it would
               | have created at any price , no price would be too low or
               | too high_
               | 
               | Market failure is real. Rates, regulations and barriers
               | to entry can and do inhibit labour demand formation.
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | I edited.
               | 
               | I'll edit this again if you have a response.
        
         | SlightlyLeftPad wrote:
         | I may be one of those statistics soon. My company refuses to
         | lay people off but they are sending people out via wildly
         | unrealistic expectations (move the goal post). The job market
         | for six figure salaries is weak and I imagine many companies
         | are doing this very same thing.
        
         | ed_elliott_asc wrote:
         | Total wage $ would cover it.
        
         | mr_toad wrote:
         | It's called under-employment. It has been widely discussed in
         | the literature but it's very difficult to measure. Economic
         | statistics do suffer somewhat from a lamplight effect.
        
       | jimbokun wrote:
       | > But the contraction was capped by payroll expansions in goods-
       | producing roles across industries such as manufacturing and
       | mining. All together, goods-producing positions grew by 32,000 in
       | the month, while payrolls for service roles overall fell by
       | 66,000.
       | 
       | Is this tariffs working as intended?
        
         | danans wrote:
         | If your metric is "more/better jobs", then yes tariffs are a
         | failure.
         | 
         | But in a roundabout sense ... yes they are working. At least if
         | the goal is to discipline and squeeze labor, and return
         | leverage to employers.
         | 
         | Part of the goal of the tariffs (and other non-tariff related
         | policies) seems to be to reset leverage at all layers of the
         | labor markets, pushing higher skilled and paid workers into
         | lower skilled and paid manufacturing jobs by increasing the
         | labor availability pool (primarily via workers being unable to
         | get jobs at their previous skill/salary level).
         | 
         | For example, imagine a former software engineer taking a lower
         | paid job as an IT admin at a mining company.
         | 
         | Similarly, cutting Medicaid benefits and adding work
         | requirements could trigger increased availability of the lowest
         | skilled labor, thereby reducing the wages that people doing
         | that labor can demand.
         | 
         | That is all a boost for employers seeking lower cost but high
         | skilled labor, but a knock down for all the workers.
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | Okay, but what is happening in reality?
        
           | elcritch wrote:
           | If more goods are made locally then it seems rather that
           | unions would have more leverage. They're not competing with
           | underpaid foreigners in countries with even less unions.
           | 
           | The bigger loss for all employees is the shareholders primary
           | fallacy giving executives excuses to pay workers less. Since
           | there's no competition for many consumer goods then there's
           | no pressure to keep prices low and companies just up their
           | profit margin.
           | 
           | The loss in IT / software jobs are again mostly profiteering
           | using AI as an excuse.
        
             | danans wrote:
             | > If more goods are made locally then it seems rather that
             | unions would have more leverage.
             | 
             | Unions represent only 9.9% of US labor [1], primarily in
             | the public sector and the skilled trades. White collar
             | workers and low skill workers tend not to have the benefit
             | of a union.
             | 
             | Tariffs are maybe OK if you are, for example, an domestic
             | auto assembly worker (assuming no job losses due to demand
             | reduction or supply chain cost increases), but otherwise
             | not great.
             | 
             | 1. Union Membership (Annual) News Release - 2024 A01
             | Results https://share.google/dmIydp7foghcJ1Lo2
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _if more goods are made locally then it seems rather that
             | unions would have more leverage_
             | 
             | On the other hand, you'd have a protected market for
             | launching non-union competitors. When the bogeyman is a
             | foreign firm, it's easier to justify favouritism.
        
           | pqtyw wrote:
           | > imagine a former software engineer taking a lower paid job
           | as an IT admin
           | 
           | Is the implication that the software engineer lost his job
           | because of the tariffs? Because all other things being equal
           | (which they are obviously not) tariffs would increase the
           | demand for labor in an non-export driven economy like the US.
           | 
           | > seeking lower cost
           | 
           | Well they certainly aren't supporting increased tariffs if
           | that's what they want.
        
             | danans wrote:
             | > Is the implication that the software engineer lost his
             | job because of the tariffs?
             | 
             | Indirectly, it's quite possible for a software engineer to
             | lose their job due to tariffs if they lead to reduced
             | profits to their company due to higher supply chain costs.
             | Most software engineers don't work at Google, Meta, and
             | their ilk. Many work in sectors affected by tariffs.
             | 
             | > Because all other things being equal (which they are
             | obviously not) tariffs would increase the demand for labor
             | in an non-export driven economy
             | 
             | Last I heard, software engineering done overseas is not
             | subject to tariffs.
        
           | underlipton wrote:
           | Unless workers unionize and demand higher wages.
           | 
           | High-prestige work as an escape hatch from poverty has
           | failed, and that may be a good thing. When people accept that
           | dirty or "unskilled" labor has to be done, and that it
           | deserves a living wage as much as any educated position,
           | we'll be stronger as a country. Perhaps you'd even see, with
           | the influx of people who haven't yet accepted being stuck in
           | monotonous, menial labor and with an outsider's perspective,
           | a renewed emphasis on bottom-up innovation and efficiency-
           | creation.
        
         | InkCanon wrote:
         | As a way to shift labour into less productive, lower paying
         | industries? Yes.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | Americans yearn for the mines.
        
       | analyte123 wrote:
       | The ADP payroll report is _noise_. It is based on the payroll
       | data from ADP _only_. The assumption of this report is that
       | companies that use ADP to process their payroll are completely
       | representative of the entire economy and that there is no
       | regional, sector, or company stage bias to their customers. A
       | firm with ADP laying employees off and 3 new firms with the same
       | number of employees being founded and using a different payroll
       | provider would be reported as a  "loss" here. Maybe the private
       | sector did lose jobs, but I wouldn't use this report to find out.
        
         | chc4 wrote:
         | ADP say that they handle payroll for one in six of all
         | companies in America. That is both a large sample size, and
         | probably broadly representative of the economy. There will of
         | course be some business segments that are over or
         | underrepresented but that is different than disregarding the
         | entire report as noise.
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | ADP is predominant in large companies and has little hold in
           | startups. It skews the stats.
        
             | hx8 wrote:
             | ADP data does have a bias, but it is so much data it
             | provides a valuable signal. The importance of understanding
             | the source of your data and how it represents the largest
             | population is something every scientist has been drilled
             | on.
        
             | weaksauce wrote:
             | two small companies i used to work for used adp.
        
             | danaris wrote:
             | ...You know that "startup" is not synonymous with "small
             | company", right?
             | 
             | What's the situation in the _vast_ swath of the economy
             | that 's made up of small non-startup companies?
        
           | shkkmo wrote:
           | > That is both a large sample size,
           | 
           | It doesn't matter how large your sample size is if your
           | sampling method is biased. This could be measuring market
           | share gain/loss in different segments of a steady employment
           | environment.
           | 
           | > disregarding the entire report as noise
           | 
           | Studies with bad / non public sampling methods should be, at
           | a minimum, treated with great skepticism. Why would that not
           | apply here?
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | A factual number that has less statistical noise or
             | political bias is extremely valuable. Yes, one needs to
             | factor for the biases but that doesn't mean the number
             | should be ignored.
             | 
             | The trend is useful, since one can fairly safely assume
             | that most of the biases haven't radically changed.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | > ADP say that they handle payroll for one in six of all
           | companies in America
           | 
           | that's less than 20%. If you had 10 people to interview and
           | interviewed 2 of them i wouldn't say you interviewed a
           | representative sample of the 10.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | No, but if I had 1000 people to interview and interviewed
             | 200 of them at random then absolutely yes.
             | 
             | I know right. Statistics.
        
               | protonbob wrote:
               | The key is "at random". Businesses are not randomly
               | assigned to use ADP
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | That's a separate problem. I have no idea what the
               | sampling bias is, but the issue isn't that they "only"
               | sample 20% of the population.
        
           | WillPostForFood wrote:
           | _ADP reported a meager 29,000 increase in new jobs, but the
           | BLS showed a much larger 139,000 gain. April also showed a
           | similarly wide gap between the two reports._
           | 
           |  _Through the first five months of 2025, the difference
           | between the two reports has averaged a whopping 63,000 a
           | month._
           | 
           | source: https://www.morningstar.com/news/marketwatch/20250702
           | 107/be-...
           | 
           | ADP has always been out of sync with BLS numbers. Here is an
           | article in the Atlantic all the way back in 2011 talking
           | about it.
           | 
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/05/chart-o.
           | ..
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | There have been many instances of ADP and BLS job reports being
         | out of step, which can be expected because of their differing
         | methodologies. On the other hand, nobody with a brain can take
         | BLS surveys at face value under these circumstances.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | It depends on how randomly representative it is. If it is close
         | to random, then it's better than most poll data.
        
         | jjk166 wrote:
         | Noise is the absence of a signal. A biased signal is fine, just
         | account for the bias.
         | 
         | ADP is huge and covers a broad range of sectors. It would be a
         | very interesting result (and a very extraordinary claim) if the
         | employment data from non-ADP companies went in the opposite
         | direction of ADP. I certainly see no evidence that firms
         | underrepresented in ADP's data are hiring prodigiously.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _assumption of this report is that companies that use ADP to
         | process their payroll are completely representative of the
         | entire economy_
         | 
         | No such assumption is made except by an errant reading of the
         | report. The ADP report [1] can be used to predict BLS numbers,
         | but it's also independently useful. The reason the headline is
         | 33,000 private-sector jobs were lost is because 33,000 private-
         | sector jobs _were_ lost, ADP can directly count that.
         | 
         | [1] https://adpemploymentreport.com/
        
       | realo wrote:
       | For completeness, I would suppose those are USA jobs...
       | 
       | Not Canadian or EU or South America or SouthEast Asia etc etc
       | jobs.
       | 
       | Is it too early to link that bad economic performance with the
       | catastrophic management style of their current administration?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _would suppose those are USA jobs_
         | 
         | American private-sector jobs, and a sample thereof.
        
       | quantum_state wrote:
       | When the government is robbing all consumers with tariffs, more
       | bad news will come ...
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | I'm about to lose my job too. The job market looks terrible.
        
       | underlipton wrote:
       | The fun part is when it's revised down 60,000 in two months.
        
       | programmertote wrote:
       | Just one data point to add -- the small firm (~150 ppl) I'm
       | currently working at recently laid off 25 people. The reasoning
       | was there are dark clouds in the horizon in the housing market
       | (the company is related to real estate btw).
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _the small firm (~150 ppl) I 'm currently working at_
         | 
         | According to the ADP report [1], firms with 1 to 49 employees
         | laid off tens of thousands, as did those with 250 to 499. Firms
         | with 50 to 249 employees and enterprises with 500+ employees
         | were net hirers. Job losses, moreover, were concentrated in
         | finance, professional and business services, and education and
         | health services.
         | 
         | TL; DR These data do not support job hazards for 50 to
         | 250-person tech companies.
         | 
         | [1] https://adpemploymentreport.com/
        
       | darqis wrote:
       | THANKS TRUMP
        
       | dyauspitr wrote:
       | This administration will drag this country into the gutter.
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | The actual report: https://adp-ri-nrip-
       | static.adp.com/artifacts/us_ner/20250702...
       | 
       | Goods-producing companies were net hirers (+32,000). Services
       | lost 66,000 jobs, with losses concentrated in
       | professional/business services (-56,000) and education/health
       | services (-52,000).
       | 
       | Regionally, losses were concentrated in the West North Central
       | Midwest (-28,000), South Atlantic (-21,000) and Mountain states
       | (-20,000). (Map with old data [2].)
       | 
       | Firms with 1 to 50 employees and 250 to 499 employees laid people
       | off while smaller mid-size and large companies were net hirers.
       | 
       | "Year-over-year pay growth for job-stayers was little changed for
       | June at 4.4 percent compared to 4.5 percent in May. Pay growth
       | for job-changers was 6.8 percent in June, down slightly from 7.0
       | percent last month." (Pay growth was highest in finance, +5.2%,
       | and lowest in information services, +4.1%.)
       | 
       | [2] https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FtCw0itWYAQSzri.png
        
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