[HN Gopher] They tried Made in the USA - it was too expensive fo...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       They tried Made in the USA - it was too expensive for their
       customers
        
       Author : petethomas
       Score  : 162 points
       Date   : 2025-07-02 10:51 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | franktankbank wrote:
       | I don't think the American small business owners are interested
       | in making bullshit. What you need to do is fully destroy the
       | middle class until you've got an air gapped lower class bent to
       | your will building human doggy beds.
        
         | helpfulContrib wrote:
         | Some destruction is necessary for all creation, but generally
         | its a bad idea to destroy the middle class instead of shoring
         | it up.
         | 
         | >making bullshit
         | 
         | Make things that empower people and give them the ability to be
         | class-fluid. That's what the world really needs, after all.
        
           | aleph_minus_one wrote:
           | > Make things that empower people and give them the ability
           | to be class-fluid. That's what the world really needs, after
           | all.
           | 
           | The problem is: by the way you were raised, you have become
           | deeply brainwashed into the social norms of your class for
           | decades. Becoming class-fluid means getting free of this
           | whole brainwashing, and then get a brainwashing for your
           | destination social class. This also implies that you have to
           | give up all your friends (if you keep them, they will back-
           | brainwash you into your old habits; additionally, by the
           | reprogramming these old friends will be unable to get on with
           | you anymore because you have become a "different person" for
           | them).
           | 
           | Thus, I believe only very few people want that.
        
             | RonSkufca wrote:
             | Wow! You just articulated a feeling I have had but could
             | not put my finger on it until I read that. I grew up in a
             | blue-collar Midwest US city that was decimated by the loss
             | of domestic manufacturing. I went to college and got a CS
             | degree and went on to enjoy 2+ decades of the tech boom and
             | was paid well for it. Thus, allowing me and my family move
             | into a different class i.e. white collar, educated,
             | entrepreneurial, class-fluid. But now at middle age I don't
             | recognize any of my friends from the "old" neighborhood as
             | I have changed so much, we don't really know each other
             | anymore. Our views on many things are so different we might
             | as well be strangers. But due to being raised in that blue-
             | collar environment my thoughts and ideas sometimes don't
             | mesh with the new class of people I find myself socializing
             | with now. Which leaves me in some kind of limbo. I don't
             | fit in with the people from my past, but I don't fit in
             | with the people of my present.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Or people making doggy beds and going home to a 3000sq.ft home
         | on a 1/2 acre with a stay at home mom and 3 kids.
         | 
         | We just need to accept that everyone with a dog will need to
         | purchase an $800 bed for their dog. Or since that is obviously
         | untenable, charge billionaires $8 million to buy a bed for
         | their dog.
         | 
         | At this point you might be unsure if this is sarcasm or not.
         | Which is pretty telling about the state of things.
        
       | v5v3 wrote:
       | Trying to make all your products domestically may be the wrong
       | approach for many. Instead make specific lines domestically.
       | 
       | There are lots of companies who standard ranges are made in
       | China, but they also have a Made in America/other for their
       | premium range.
       | 
       | That way customers who are less price sensitive can choose to pay
       | more. And those who can't still buy regardless.
        
         | PicassoCTs wrote:
         | Subsidize capability upkeep - as in if you need it, you still
         | have trained machinists, specialists and retoolable machinery
         | in storage, to copy and buildup a capability at scale.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | The question is why do this though? This is basically a
           | defense economics argument. If there's no adversarial
           | conflict, then who cares where something is made?
        
             | aleph_minus_one wrote:
             | > If there's no adversarial conflict, then who cares where
             | something is made?
             | 
             | I think you just answered your question by yourself without
             | realizing: the signs are that an adversarial conflict might
             | come up - so be prepared for it.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | That's presuming that such a conflict would be fought as
               | the sort of industrial war that WW1 and WW2 were. But
               | there's little evidence that's the case: the lead times
               | on modern weapons systems are enormous, and the
               | _attrition rate_ of hardware is enormous too (i.e.
               | consider that the Javelin can put a tank out of action
               | permanently).
               | 
               | It is an unproven criteria that it is reasonable or
               | possible to expect to produce the munitions and equipment
               | for a conflict _during the conflict_ if it 's the sort of
               | near-peer thing people usually cite for this - i.e.
               | rather you go to war with what you have, and you're
               | unlikely to rebuild that advantage in time if you don't
               | win then.
               | 
               | Which is the point: localizing a bunch of industries on
               | that basis may not make any sense, compared to simply
               | stockpiling from the cheapest accreditable sources.
        
             | galangalalgol wrote:
             | A tsunami once wiped out the entire world's production
             | capacity for spinning hard drives. Efficiency is always the
             | enemy of robustness, and war is only one kind of disaster.
             | And the way the world is going, adversarial conflict seems
             | to be the new normal.
        
               | franktankbank wrote:
               | I can't believe you mentioned the tsunami. It came right
               | after the offshoring happened for unnamed company my
               | father worked for, I'll never forget it, it couldn't have
               | been worse timing. All the investment _POOF_.
        
             | PicassoCTs wrote:
             | If the latest review of the "end of history" shows one
             | thing- there is always adversarial minds at work. The whole
             | "free world" mindset has collapsed in on itself the moment
             | the us withdrew into isolationism. The world out there, is
             | run by the old landempires gobbling up neighbors again. No
             | progress has been made and to defend against barbaric
             | adversaries, one must keep dependency on them low.
             | 
             | There always is a bill - and business is helping the
             | enemies of liberty to prepare. They are not interested in
             | peaceful coexistence, quite contrary, the conflict is a
             | carrying pillar to upkeep societal/tribal structural
             | integrity. And war & peace is a defector game- only one
             | needs to defect to put the others in the same position as
             | the defector. So "business as usual" with non-free block
             | aligned nations- will always be long-term collusion with
             | the enemy.
        
         | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
         | IIRC some companies have tried this. The problem is that the
         | stuff made in China is as good, sometimes better, than the
         | stuff that's made in America but costs 4x more. So, revealed
         | preferences shocker: Nobody buys the so-called "Premium" line.
         | You need a better reason to charge more money.
        
           | v5v3 wrote:
           | Many do succeed - All-Clad for example make their stuff in
           | USA and China. I own the American made frying pan of theirs,
           | as do many.
        
           | user3939382 wrote:
           | Just an anecdote but as someone who has gone out of their way
           | to buy American as much as I possibly can for many years I've
           | found that to be true either never or so rarely I can't
           | remember. Quality of American products has not been an issue
           | whatsoever, usually quite the opposite.
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | It's more about the price than quality. When you can make
             | products that are just as good (outside of some niche
             | areas) in China/etc. for a proportion of the cost there is
             | very little reason not to do that unless you have no
             | competition.
             | 
             | There are some premium brands that can (partially) pull it
             | off like KitchenAid but that's an exception.
        
               | user3939382 wrote:
               | My perspective is that consumers have come to feel that
               | price is far more important than quality whereas I feel
               | exactly the opposite. I take pride in the things I make
               | for a living and I prefer to be surrounded by products of
               | a similar ethos. I buy products to solve a problem and I
               | want the problem optimally solved. In the cases when the
               | quality is a toss up I don't mind paying a premium to
               | support our domestic economy.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | My perspective is price is not an indication of quality
               | and often I cannot figure out what is quality - reviews
               | are garbage. China makes some junk and some good stuff.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | The "Made in America" range is probably mostly made in China
         | too, but with just enough assembly to be able to declare that
         | it isn't, sold with a higher profit to collect the consumer
         | surplus from less price sensitive customers.
        
           | franktankbank wrote:
           | True, I saw a bunch of fiber optic components assembled in
           | America that bypassed tariffs (2016-2017 era) where obviously
           | the hard part had been done somewhere overseas. Wasn't even
           | about the Made in America branding.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Same for ie Switzerland. You have these Victorinox and
             | Wengen knives which are proper tourist souvenirs (on top of
             | being fine little knives). Most of them is done in
             | neighboring countries, and only final assembly is done in
             | the country to pass "Made in Switzerland".
             | 
             | Fine products but shady behavior to say the least.
        
           | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
           | Perhaps some people lie, but the "Made in America"
           | designation is specifically regulated by the FTC
           | (https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/complying-
           | ma...), and unlike similar regulations in other countries it
           | doesn't permit these kind of final assembly shenanigans. The
           | entire thing has to be made end-to-end in the US with
           | negligible foreign input. One specific example they list is a
           | lamp with an imported base; even though the base is neither a
           | functional component nor a large amount of the cost, the
           | manufacturer may not claim that the lamp as a whole is
           | American-made.
           | 
           | I've actually seen arguments that this is so strong it loops
           | back around to discouraging American manufacturing. Is there
           | any "Made in America" loving consumer who wouldn't be happy
           | to buy that lamp?
        
             | zahlman wrote:
             | > Is there any "Made in America" loving consumer who
             | wouldn't be happy to buy that lamp?
             | 
             | Perhaps they need to have everyone agree on labeling that
             | fairly describes the product but is still flattering enough
             | to motivate consumer decisions.
        
       | aeonik wrote:
       | SmarterEveryday is trying this right now too.
       | 
       | He details all the challenges, and it's a pretty good watch.
       | 
       | The grill brush they made is a bit on the expensive side, but I
       | bought one.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/3ZTGwcHQfLY?si=TP1ez9tIEkpEu1Xf
        
         | numbsafari wrote:
         | How does it compare to a wet rag with tongs?
        
           | pirates wrote:
           | One of the main issues they raise is that the bristles on
           | common brushes can be left behind and are difficult to pick
           | out of food, so the wet rag probably exceeds expectations in
           | that way.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | Grill brush bristles in your food are the "they went on a
             | vacation and brought back flesh eating bacteria" of the
             | culinary world. The fear-mongering greatly exceeds the
             | danger.
             | 
             | Edit: There are approximately 130 ER visits per year[1] on
             | account of grill brushes. Mowing your lawn (something else
             | people do on about the same frequency in the summer) is far
             | more likely get you, as are god knows how many other
             | things.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/ama-press-
             | releases/ama...
        
               | Moto7451 wrote:
               | Even the plastic ones leave bristles behind and aren't
               | much fun to chew on.
        
               | heeton wrote:
               | Risk / reward tradeoff. There are other options that are
               | as good, as cheap, as easy.
               | 
               | Why pick one with a significant, unpredictable, often
               | unknown flaw. Where if it happens you end up needing
               | major surgery?
        
               | Apreche wrote:
               | It may be rare, but it happened to a friend of mine while
               | we were eating at a restaurant.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | That's definitely enough numbers to change to a different
               | bristle. Basically no effort to change a bristle. If you
               | had to free climb a mountain to get a new bristle, then I
               | would understand.
               | 
               | And think of the number of people who found a metal
               | bristle in their mouth and didn't go to the ER. It has to
               | be many many multiples of the number of ER visits.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | >That's definitely enough numbers to change to a
               | different bristle.
               | 
               | Ah, yes, magical plastic molecules. Exactly what I want
               | between fire and my food.
               | 
               | I'm just about the last person to give a crap about
               | microplastics but cooking temperatures and long weird
               | hydrocarbon molecules are where I draw the line.
               | 
               | >And think of the number of people who found a metal
               | bristle in their mouth and didn't go to the ER. It has to
               | be many many multiples of the number of ER visits.
               | 
               | This is true for just about everything.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | Lawn mowing seems like one of the more dangerous things
               | that a typical person does. It's the snow shoveling of
               | the summer.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | It's several orders of magnitude more likely to land you
               | in the ER. I chose it because like grilling, it's done
               | "about weekly" in the summer and most people don't think
               | much of it.
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | Given how simple it is to avoid that issue, I will. I can
               | reduce my chance of ingesting a bristle from "minuscule"
               | to "zero" with no downsides. So why not?
        
             | beeforpork wrote:
             | Since I read about bristles in food after cleaning the
             | grill, I've always been checking for remnants after
             | brushing. I never found any. And I wonder: how are those
             | remnants supposed to get into your food? They are metal, so
             | don't they just fall down into the grill, if any break off?
             | Maybe glued into old fat and other gunk? But you want that
             | gone, too, right? Also, don't you use a rag to clean off
             | other dirt, and wouldn't that make sure that bristles are
             | gone?
             | 
             | Is this a myth or actually a problem? Some commenters do
             | call it fear-mongering here, so what is it?
             | 
             | I also think I never read anything about this except in US
             | media, so does this not happen in other countries?
             | Different brushes? Different cleaning habits?
        
               | misterhill wrote:
               | A bristle can get stuck to some gunk that isn't
               | successfully removed and be in parallel to a bar roughly
               | underneath it. There's no real reason to take risks of
               | excessive hygiene given that hospital admissions occur
               | and simple tools are going to give you a functionally
               | equivalent meal.
        
               | rpdillon wrote:
               | Good discussion from 2016, I think it was Canadian
               | surgeons that made the recommendation and there's at
               | least a couple of comments where people have talked about
               | real-world experiences with bristles.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12409425
        
           | Balgair wrote:
           | Or scrunched up tin foil at ~$2 / 100 ft.
           | 
           | Look, I love Destin, watch all his stuff recommend it all the
           | time.
           | 
           | But I'm never going to buy this product, it's just too
           | expensive for what it does compared to the alternatives.
           | 
           | And I know he knows that. He's clearly at least 'not stupid'.
           | 
           | So something isn't squaring with this.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | > So something isn't squaring with this.
             | 
             | Lots of smart people get hooked onto extremely specific
             | solutions that aren't even improvements.
             | 
             | I saw it in software development with many things (VIPER
             | and SwiftUI both reduce development velocity compared to
             | MVC and old-school Interface Builder); I've seen it with
             | Musk trying to do tunnels even when roads would be cheaper
             | and safer; there's also (infamously) Juicero; and in the UK
             | in the 80s there was the Sinclair C5.
             | 
             | That said, is this really an example of that?
             | 
             | Myself, I barely use my electric barbecue, so I don't know
             | the best way to clean things (it's not yet become dirty
             | enough to bother cleaning). But I have seen the brushes
             | he's complaining about, and I have not previously
             | considered using tinfoil, so it's not a completely crazy
             | idea that people might want a better brush.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | I use an oven cleaner, spray it on, leave it for half an
               | hour or overnight, and stuff just comes off when you wave
               | a cleaning cloth at it. Highly noxious though, probably
               | responsible for insect collapse etc.
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | Some people care about how reasonable a price seems even if
             | they can easily afford something, because it's important to
             | them to feel like they're getting a good deal or at least
             | not getting taken advantage of. They're happy to accept
             | some level of inconvenience or discomfort if the savings
             | are big enough, even if they don't particularly need the
             | money
             | 
             | Some people care more about getting exactly the right
             | thing, even if the value proposition is weaker. They'll pay
             | significantly more for apparently trivial differences,
             | because they don't want to buy something they're not happy
             | with; they're spending money anyway and why put up with
             | something they don't want if they can afford something they
             | do want?
             | 
             | Neither of these people are strictly unreasonable.
        
         | hnaccount_rng wrote:
         | It's an interesting video, on the other hand it's also 80$ a
         | piece. And I'm pretty sure they do not recoup R&D with those
         | prices on reasonable compensation rates...
        
           | Lu2025 wrote:
           | Corporate R&D is a tax write off per section 174.
        
         | dgb23 wrote:
         | What immediately sprung out to me is that Amazon isn't held
         | accountable for selling goods that directly violate patent
         | laws, which should protect small business and reward
         | innovation.
         | 
         | The current US administration claims to be concerned about
         | domestic manufacturing and so on, but hasn't even mentioned
         | this issue at all.
        
           | AmVess wrote:
           | I was going to manufacture a line of useful products here in
           | the USA, but decided against it. I'd release the product,
           | then a month later counterfeits would be on Amazon for 10% of
           | the price.
           | 
           | As a small operation, there are 0 affordable resources at my
           | disposal to fight IP theft.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Right, as a small operation patents are rarely worth your
             | bother. You might eventually win in court with a patent,
             | but by then your company is bankrupt. Just make the thing,
             | and hope that you can develop a good name and reputation
             | for quality that keeps you afloat, even if you only are 1%
             | of the market, that can be a lot of money. Avoid selling on
             | Amazon where you are more likely to be noticed by cloners,
             | at least until you already have a business.
        
             | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
             | I thought Walmart was infamous for making a house brand of
             | competitor products.
        
               | burningChrome wrote:
               | You're probably thinking about Target and their Up and Up
               | label where they do that. They also place all of their
               | knockoffs right next to the product they are imitating.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | The US textile industry was built on ignoring UK patents
           | though :)
        
             | warkdarrior wrote:
             | So one past illegal activity allows future illegal
             | activities?
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | precedent is a real thing, de jure and de facto
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | No, but it does make people crying about competition very
               | difficult to sympathize with.
        
             | loudmax wrote:
             | The 19th century US cotton industry was built on far worse
             | crimes than patent infringement.
        
               | sudobash1 wrote:
               | Indeed, but patent infringement too. Although the Cotton
               | Gin was patented, Eli Whitney famously was unable to
               | enjoy those protections. Imitations sprung up all around.
        
             | kubectl_h wrote:
             | Similarly: though William Jarvis wasn't the first American
             | to import Merino sheep, he was the most successful because
             | he was able to utilize an ongoing war in Spain to
             | circumvent around the Merino export ban in the early 1800s
             | and get a ton of them over here, too. He was even a
             | diplomat to Spain and probably knew better, but did it
             | anyway.
        
           | throw0101d wrote:
           | > _What immediately sprung out to me is that Amazon isn 't
           | held accountable for selling goods that directly violate
           | patent laws, which should protect small business and reward
           | innovation._
           | 
           | (IANAL) This may fall under a DCMA-like concept where sites
           | are not responsible for 'user content'. The 'user' in
           | question is the vendor and their 'profile' of sellable items
           | is the content. Similar to how eBay is not (?) responsible
           | for the items put up for sale.
           | 
           | (Not saying this is (morally) right, just describing the
           | situation. I would really like to see some accountability as
           | well.)
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | Which is funny because he could drive a stake through Bezos'
           | heart with some sweet FTC rule making.
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | As far as I can tell, consumers have never benefited from
           | patents, and they seem blatantly anti-competitive. Perhaps if
           | only "small business" (whatever that actually denotes) were
           | allowed to hold them it _might_ make sense, but we all know
           | that 's not even remotely how patents are wielded today.
           | 
           | Personally I strongly prefer knockoffs. Same quality, but
           | cheaper.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | I watched this and my cynical takeaway was he was trying to
         | make an appeal to emotion. Why buy from China when we can
         | support the good people of Alabama? Their elected senator just
         | called me a rat. Why should I support Alabama over China? They
         | both seem like foreign adversaries to me. At least China is
         | making a sincere effort to reduce their carbon emissions.
        
           | glasss wrote:
           | I thought it was a good video, but similarly I had an issue
           | with how he discussed the loss of the skilled trades and
           | professions in the US. He did a good job highlighting that
           | these jobs are rare, don't pay well and are important, but he
           | made it seem like we all just accidentally stopped investing
           | in local manufacturing, or that we just let those skills
           | erode. Leaders at these manufacturing companies moved things
           | over seas, laid off the skilled workers, busted up unions,
           | and overall sold off this skill set in order to sell cheaper
           | products and make more money for themselves.
        
           | throw0101d wrote:
           | > _Why buy from China when we can support the good people of
           | Alabama? Their elected senator just called me a rat. Why
           | should I support Alabama over China?_
           | 
           | He _just happens_ to be in Alabama, but the principle applies
           | to someone in Massachusetts or Hawaii as well.
        
         | davidee wrote:
         | Same. Got one as a gift for someone.
         | 
         | There was a book making the rounds recently that also details
         | some of the discussion around skills being the thing the west
         | exported: https://appleinchina.com/
         | 
         | The author readily admits in a podcast that while Apple plays a
         | big part in the story it's a clickbait title because no one
         | would buy a book titled something along the lines of "supply
         | chains and China."
         | 
         | Decent (if superficial) interview here:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAj9zB4vaZc
        
           | jmchuster wrote:
           | The interview he does on the Odd Lots podcast is a lot more
           | in-depth, and I found it a great listen:
           | 
           | https://open.spotify.com/episode/5gJazFZZaZ0OGKf516XpeO
        
         | jjice wrote:
         | I was about to link the same thing - excellent video. It was
         | very insightful and a bit scary to see just how hard it was to
         | get seemingly simple manufacturing done in the US now.
        
         | throw0101d wrote:
         | > _si=TP1ez9tIEkpEu1Xf_
         | 
         | PSA: the _si_ parameter, along with _pp_ , are for tracking
         | purposes. Consider trimming them when doing a copy-paste if
         | possible.
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | >$100 overall cost to make the beds in China
       | 
       | >faux fur lining for the cover, which would still need to be
       | imported from China--adding another $100 per unit.
       | 
       | How is the cost of a part the same as the whole product?
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | Volume of the material and volume of the demand for the
         | material, probably.
         | 
         | The foam for the beds is extremely compact when vacuum sealed,
         | and is used in tons of other products.
         | 
         | The standard fabric cover is also probably produced in massive
         | quantities for other products, and also folds down to be quite
         | compact.
         | 
         | Faux fur is basically only used in blankets, pillow and toy
         | linings, and depending on how dense the "fur" is, may add quite
         | a bit more volume (a bigger problem if shipped to the US from a
         | separate supplier than the foam).
         | 
         | With that said, $100 does seem rather steep for the cover. I'm
         | assuming they had to use a specialty version to make it more
         | rugged than the cheaper stuff used for other products to be pet
         | friendly.
        
           | ForestCritter wrote:
           | Faux fur retail costs 20-45 dollars a yard and requires a
           | multithread overlock machine. Liner fabric costs 1-4 dollars
           | a yard and requires less skill and a plain (single stitch)
           | machine. Obviously they will be paying wholesale prices but
           | the cost difference remains. The real difference in the costs
           | between China and the US is the labour. Americans want cheap
           | prices at the store but a living wage at their job. China is
           | the capital of slave labour and Americans are supporting it
           | with their wallets.
        
         | adammarples wrote:
         | Because of these new tariffs.
        
       | fnordpiglet wrote:
       | I'm guessing most people these days don't remember when
       | everything moved to China to begin with. People blamed it on
       | globalization but the trend existed long before that because
       | Americans didn't produce a quality product. "Made in the USA"
       | became synonymous with poor quality and high prices after the
       | corporate mavens of the 1980's hollowed out manufacturing for
       | quality along with the factory workers pension plans. It's not
       | like America didn't do it to itself - globalization just allowed
       | specialization to set in and efficiency to dominate. Chinese
       | manufacturing struck a middle ground between very high quality in
       | Germany and Japan and very low quality in America then scaled it
       | up and out to ensure a total vertical integration. For segments
       | of the supply chain that were inefficient the state assumed the
       | losses to ensure an ever increasing capture of the end to end
       | ability to produce in an entirely integrated regional
       | manufacturing center. I think instead of getting our panties in a
       | wad and wishing for the 1950's to return - which weren't that
       | great to begin with despite our rose colored glasses - we need to
       | lean into our strengths and specialized role. The question though
       | of what are people to do who are "displaced" by globalization,
       | automation, and now AI has never been answered and leaves us
       | where we are today. I don't have the answer either. But it's
       | become more destabilizing than I imagined as I saw things
       | unfolding.
        
         | franktankbank wrote:
         | What are our strengths/specializations in your opinion?
         | 
         | My main concern as a millennial, who rightly put didn't witness
         | this transformation, is that by continuing down a path of fewer
         | and fewer specializations we get pinched off completely.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Let's see.. higher ed, which Trump is trying to eliminate.
        
             | franktankbank wrote:
             | Come on Paul. I hope that's not the one and only. Without
             | raw experience how useful is the higher ed?
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | It changed my life but my son decided to go the blue-
               | collar route and I love him just the same.
               | 
               | In terms of foreign trade, _higher-ed is one of our
               | greatest exports._ Many other nations would like to knock
               | us off the top, none could come close until Trump scored
               | an own goal.
        
               | franktankbank wrote:
               | Yea I've got kids I've got to think about here, quite a
               | few. I get very heated trying to understand the whole
               | global aspect. All I see in the US is a vast resource
               | getting stomped upon. I wish your boy the best and any
               | others. Trump as I see him is a wrecking ball, I'm not
               | sure where it ends up.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I'm proud that Vera Rubin discovered evidence for dark
               | matter at my Uni. I'm proud that Douglas Osheroff
               | discovered Superfluid Helium 3. I'm proud that Gerald
               | Salton invented full text search and that Ivan Sutherland
               | invented 3-d graphics rendering as used in video games.
               | 
               | I'm even more proud that our ag school is helping farmers
               | in New York and the rest of the world make money and feed
               | a growing population that expects to eat better (however
               | they define "better") in a challenging climate. That our
               | vet school trains vets and farriers. That our ROTC trains
               | officers for all of our armed services. I don't see a
               | contradiction that I'm also proud that Catholic priest
               | and activist Daniel Berrigan against the Vietnam war
               | escaped the FBI in the same building where those officers
               | train.
        
               | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
               | I know these tribal feelings but I also felt... a wider
               | sense of gratitude when at Leiden I saw enshrined Onnes'
               | equipment for discovering superconductivity, or that
               | otherwise insignificant suburban streets were named after
               | Snell, Leeuwenhoek, Huyghens, Rembrandt, .. and other
               | people I ought to have learnt about
               | 
               | There's something to be said for the way pioneers of the
               | hand and mind are remembered as political operators or
               | donors are..
               | 
               | Sure bureaucrats set those up but the exceptionality
               | pointed at there felt _inclusive_
               | 
               | People can feel whatever they want about the achievements
               | at their own institutions, .. it just feels purer when
               | the institution is just a backdrop for these universal
               | achievements .. plus I can go into any Leidse bakery and
               | introduce myself as a scientist without bracing for
               | sideeye (doesn't happen even on HN!)
               | 
               | That's not pride, that's just a sense of belonging
               | 
               | Why I chose this example. Somehow the Calvinist
               | ressentiment "let no man be greater than I", which is
               | equally present in NL as in the anglo heart/hinterlands..
               | makes a singular exception for intellectual achievements
               | (as opposed to some purely emotional ones, like some
               | particularly potent puns)
               | 
               | Don't know if villages in China will remember their
               | current & future groundbreakers :)
               | 
               | There's hope: DeepSeek's hometown put up laudatory red
               | banners for him.. nonironically.. is that like confetti
               | for Apollo 11?
               | 
               | I think not. In the latter case, there's a serious case
               | to be made that NASA deserved the confetti more.. that's
               | how ressentiment "works"
        
               | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
               | Think you'll have to be more specific.
               | 
               | In _liberal arts_ nobody comes close, but the  "value" of
               | that is largely explained by "networking" (network
               | effects if we're to be charitable :)
               | 
               | In theoretical research, gap is rapidly closing.
               | 
               | In hard sciences research, I only see clear supremacy in
               | capital intensive areas. Guess that's where the footguns
               | were aimed at.
               | 
               | The classroom teaching is a mixed bag
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | People I know from South Asia complain bitterly about the
               | quality of education they get but _they get it._
               | 
               | Funny though I used to be proud of the Chinese language
               | collection at my Uni which is one of the greatest outside
               | (any) China and I still am but once I got really
               | interested in the Chinese language it hit me that it's
               | like 1% of what they have at Beijing University.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | The institution that created all the people who told us
             | that globalization would make us all richer and the world
             | freer when it seems to have done the opposite on a timeline
             | just barely longer than the careers of those people while
             | that industry goes on to severely lighten the pockets of
             | every subsequent generation?
             | 
             | From where I'm sitting it looks like the bully finally made
             | his way around to picking on someone who had it coming.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | Just because all the people who touted globalization went
               | to college doesn't mean that college was the reason for
               | it. That's ridiculously surface-level thinking.
               | 
               | Higher education _also_ gave us all the people who told
               | us that was a _bad_ idea, with graphs, and sources, and
               | evidence.
               | 
               | Higher education _also_ gave us all the people who did
               | the research that created the technologies we 're using
               | today.
               | 
               | Higher education _also_ gave us all the doctors, lawyers,
               | engineers, rocket scientists, brain surgeons, and
               | literally every other highly skilled worker we have.
               | 
               | Higher education is absolutely vital to _any_ functioning
               | modern society.
               | 
               | From where _I 'm_ sitting it looks like you've got a chip
               | on your shoulder against higher education, and are
               | attempting to reduce the entire sector--which is
               | incredibly diverse--to a single genuinely bad viewpoint
               | that you don't even provide any evidence higher education
               | produced (as opposed to simply "a few ideologically
               | motivated people who _received_ higher education produced
               | ").
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Every time a civil war erupts in the middle east there's
               | some warmongers screeching "but what about the
               | <ethnic/religious minority in the relevant country>, we
               | ought to care about them" as a pretext for getting
               | involved.
               | 
               | You are engaging in the exact same. The primary reason
               | academic labs churn out technological advancement for
               | Microsoft, Exxon, etc, etc, is because the tax code makes
               | it preferential to do that rather than run the same thing
               | in-house.
               | 
               | Also, I would like to note the slight of hand you just
               | pulled between education and academia. There is no
               | problem with doctors and lawyers getting their training.
               | But that is absolutely distinct from professional
               | academia. Those people are the customers. They are in and
               | out.
               | 
               | The institutions themselves are absolutely corrupt. It is
               | very comparable to the catholic church scooping up all
               | the wealth in europe in the 13-1500s and justifying it by
               | embedding themselves in mundane parts of society and then
               | screeching "but without us who will do the thing" as if
               | that justified everything else they were up to. (Though
               | to be fair, academia is not the only institution subject
               | to such criticism these days).
        
               | verdverm wrote:
               | > the people who told us that globalization would make us
               | all richer .......
               | 
               | Your comment is exactly the kind of thinking these people
               | want you to use. They want you to doubt every institution
               | and have some anecdote about why it is the right way to
               | think, when in reality it is the doing of a few elites,
               | not institutions that are largely made up of people like
               | you an mean. They want culture war between us instead of
               | class warfare against them.
               | 
               | Perhaps one day people will start paying attention to the
               | wealth inequality gap and realize what is going on... but
               | increasinly unlikely if you demonize and undermine
               | academia
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | I'm sorry, *what*?
               | 
               | Saying "the entire institution of higher education is not
               | collectively responsible for this specific bad economic
               | policy choice" is somehow equivalent to saying "we should
               | go kill hundreds of thousands of people to protect the
               | poor Kurds/Palestinians/Israelis/etc"??
               | 
               | No; even leaving aside your apparent (and wild)
               | misconception that "academia" is a unified, monolithic
               | body akin to the medieval Catholic Church, unless you're
               | willing to dial down your rhetoric to something less
               | self-indulgently overdramatic and engage with actual
               | reality in a vaguely reasonable manner, I don't think
               | there's much point in continuing this discussion.
        
           | wiredfool wrote:
           | Music, movies, microcode and high speed pizza delivery.
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | Don't forget spaceflight. The US (well, SpaceX) dominates
             | in both manned and unmanned cost to orbit and time to
             | orbit.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | You say movies while a sibling comment mentioned media.
             | However, more and more movies are not shot in the USA.
             | Productions have been moving out of Hollywood for a really
             | long time, and some of it is in other states, but more and
             | more are leaving the US altogether. This is why Trump shot
             | off that late night tweet/truth about placing tariffs on
             | movies made outside the US. The only thing the US still has
             | on movies is the mystique of Hollywood. The ability to
             | shoot a film is not unique to the US at all
        
               | shawn_w wrote:
               | It's a quote from Snow Crash.
        
           | Esophagus4 wrote:
           | Fortunately, there are still plenty: financial services /
           | capital markets, tech, biotech / pharma, media /
           | entertainment, e-commerce, higher ed.
           | 
           | Obviously, there are lots of players in those categories, but
           | the U.S. is at or near top of the pack there. We just happen
           | to be optimizing for the wrong thing right now.
           | 
           | I heard a columnist say, incredulously, "China wants our
           | financial services industry, and we want their manufacturing
           | industry"
        
             | franktankbank wrote:
             | > China wants our financial services industry, and we want
             | their manufacturing industry
             | 
             | Which one is easier to nab?
        
               | Esophagus4 wrote:
               | Tbh I have no idea... financial services, I'm guessing
               | from the way the question was asked?
        
               | franktankbank wrote:
               | No I'm asking also. I guess financial services is based
               | primarily on trust/enforcement. Industry is based on
               | toxic backbreaking labor and deep knowhow. Maybe I'm
               | missing something about financial services, maybe its our
               | ruthless military backing? I don't know man.
        
               | Esophagus4 wrote:
               | Well I don't know much about manufacturing tbh, but for
               | China to take a chunk of our financial services industry
               | would be very difficult.
               | 
               | The dollar is still the world's reserve currency by a
               | long way, American capital markets are still the world's
               | largest and safest, and investors do not like capricious
               | governments that don't always adhere to established
               | practices and rule of law (see: Ant Financial). Investors
               | don't want to put money in a place where saying the wrong
               | thing or associating with the wrong person could
               | negatively impact your ability to transact in that
               | country (also see: Russia c. 1990).
               | 
               | So I would assume it would take decades for China to
               | maneuver the world away from American financial services.
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | > Investors don't want to put money in a place where
               | saying the wrong thing or associating with the wrong
               | person could negatively impact your ability to transact
               | in that country
               | 
               | I don't think people understand how fortunate the US is
               | to be reasonably uncorrupt/have a solid rule of law, have
               | the world reserve currency, and for the most part be
               | where any company in the world would prefer to be
               | incorporated. That type of branding is impossible to put
               | a value on.
               | 
               | Unfortunately the US is currently speed running to remove
               | these advantages. Luckily it takes time for large money
               | outflows to occur, and hopefully US law can hold in the
               | meantime.
        
               | Esophagus4 wrote:
               | You've articulated one of my biggest, cash-under-the-
               | mattress, doomsday fears: that if the US continues this
               | path of removing those corruption / rule-of-law
               | guardrails, there is a lot at stake for us to lose.
               | 
               | Maybe I'm just paranoid, and I know it doesn't happen
               | overnight, but my goodness... that keeps me up at night.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Precious metals under the mattress is probably a better
               | idea than cash against these risks.
        
               | Esophagus4 wrote:
               | Or maybe this is one of those where the crypto guys can
               | finally say to me, "I told you so" :)
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | GLD has been bringing in decent returns.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I'd guess that they're both hard, in different ways. But
               | financial services... you need the whole rule-based legal
               | climate for that. That's going to be _hard_ to import
               | into China. (See Esophagus4 's reply for more.)
        
           | skeezyboy wrote:
           | >is that by continuing down a path of fewer and fewer
           | specializations we get pinched off completely. you exist on
           | americas economic downslope, sadly. an ever declining
           | standard of living in a post manufacturing economy. china and
           | everyone after can just copy your progress and basically be
           | America in its boom days
        
           | like_any_other wrote:
           | > What are our strengths/specializations in your opinion?
           | 
           | Not static. The parent post reminds us that "Made in USA"
           | meant low quality. But so did "Made in China". These things
           | change, but if the national-level policy is "let the market
           | figure it out" (the polar opposite of China's approach), they
           | don't change for the better.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | And before that, "Made in Japan" meant cheap junk, even
             | within my lifetime.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | Yeah, it seems to start out that way.
        
           | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
           | Reposted because
           | 
           | 1)you might have been too young to have read it (1992)
           | 
           | 2)outsourcing and trade balance was in the full quote
           | 
           | > _When it gets down to it -- talking trade balances here --
           | once we 've brain-drained all our technology into other
           | countries, once things have evened out, they're making cars
           | in Bolivia and microwave ovens in Tadzhikistan and selling
           | them here -- once our edge in natural resources has been made
           | irrelevant by giant Hong Kong ships and dirigibles that can
           | ship North Dakota all the way to New Zealand for a nickel --
           | once the Invisible Hand has taken away all those historical
           | inequities and smeared them out into a broad global layer of
           | what a Pakistani brickmaker would consider to be prosperity
           | -- y'know what? There's only four things we do better than
           | anyone else:
           | 
           | music
           | 
           | movies
           | 
           | microcode (software)
           | 
           | high-speed pizza delivery_
           | 
           | --Snow Crash,1992
        
             | franktankbank wrote:
             | Sorry, I'm not sure the relevance of a fiction from 30+
             | years ago. I know I sound like a dick but seriously why
             | should I care about it?
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | You don't have to care about the _book_. The point of a
               | quote is the _quote_.
               | 
               | Why should you care about a quote from _any_ time period?
               | Because it expresses something well.
               | 
               | Why should you care about an older quote? Because it
               | expresses something well enough to have endured.
        
               | franktankbank wrote:
               | It's a quote from a fiction of a bygone era though.
               | 
               | You think China can't write microcode?
               | 
               | You think only USA has big breasted women and men with
               | chiseled abs? None of this makes any sense.
               | 
               | High speed pizza had to be tongue in cheek as written.
               | Maybe you missed the point and it was all written tongue
               | in cheek because who truly cares about those things if
               | you don't have all your other bases covered?
               | 
               | Maybe I missed the point. Are we already pinched off?
        
               | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
               | You're no dick just not fully aware of the situation :)
               | 
               | As of today China hasn't totally, or indeed really,
               | caught up in the first 3. (Think about why). You might
               | argue the Eurozone is up there in music but then you
               | remember TikTok isn't quite YouTube.
               | 
               | High speed pizza delivery is the most hilarious because
               | it's the only material domain that they won't make
               | progress at (in the foreseeable future). They have better
               | EVs better batteries and maybe better food (in general).
               | Just not pizza because pizza is pizza, and drones still
               | lag behind the fastest nuclear bike when it comes to
               | shipping frozen pizza from Shanghai to your doorstep (is
               | there even a market for frozen pizza in Hong Kong?)
               | 
               | (I'm glad he didn't mention games at all because it would
               | have been the obvious one in 1992, but wrong 2025)
        
               | franktankbank wrote:
               | Ha thanks, I'll think about it. It's not immediately
               | obvious though... My grandfather was one of the first
               | "missionaries" to China in the 50s, wonder if that has
               | anything to do with it.
        
               | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
               | Was he Pentecostal and a fiber-optic monopolist?
        
               | franktankbank wrote:
               | Lutheran actually.
        
               | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
               | Then there's no reason for you not to appreciate the book
               | ;)
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | And that music part was by no small means helped with
               | British exports over past 60 years
        
         | lemoncookiechip wrote:
         | >"Made in the USA" became synonymous with poor quality and high
         | prices.
         | 
         | This. It's like everyone collectively forgot. If that time
         | period had the internet meme culture of today, "Made in the
         | USA" would've become one the same way "Made in China" did.
         | 
         | Capitalism wreaked havoc on quality goods, while prices
         | skyrocketed. Then when given the chance, they all packed up
         | shop of their own free will to create even cheaper goods while
         | politicians did nothing to stop it, and in-fact incentivized
         | it.
         | 
         | Now we blame those countries for "taking away" manufacturing,
         | when it was the greedy capitalistic US company CEOs,
         | shareholders and US politicians who did it, while those
         | countries simply capitalized on the opportunity and built
         | themselves up.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | The biggest push of "Made in the USA" that I remember was
           | from Walmart back in the 80s. They were fighting the stigma
           | of selling Chinese goods. So the cheap/poorly made products
           | with that label was fitting. Eventually, even Wallyworld gave
           | up on it and just leaned into the Chinese made products while
           | they offered lower prices because they knew in the end
           | customers only cared about price. The "Made in USA" became a
           | meme back then with people joke the "Made in USA" labels were
           | made in China.
           | 
           | The point is, people say they don't like Chinese made goods
           | with one side of their mouth while the other side is saying
           | they don't really care at all as they continue shopping and
           | purchasing these Chinese goods. Walmart and Amazon really
           | laid the groundwork to the point that the SHEIN and Temus of
           | the world happened. Consumers just don't care about any other
           | than price
        
         | OgsyedIE wrote:
         | One of the biggest shocks to the competitiveness of American
         | labor is cost disease. Because they share a currency with high
         | value-add services clusters like the Bay Area their prices are
         | dragged upwards by the productivity gains of unrelated sectors,
         | in an analogous mechanism to gentrification.
        
           | aleph_minus_one wrote:
           | Not everybody has the capabilities that are necessary for the
           | tech industry. So do your industrial production somewhere
           | else in the USA where additionally the cost of living is low.
        
           | rahimnathwani wrote:
           | Cost disease isn't driven by a shared currency, but by a
           | common labor market.
           | 
           | When hyper-productive sectors, say, tech in the Bay Area,
           | start paying top dollar, everyone else in the same talent
           | pool eventually needs to follow suit.
           | 
           | Even industries with stagnant labour productivity, like K-12
           | education, have to hike their wages to attract and retain
           | staff. They can't offset these higher costs with efficiency
           | gains, and that's where the "disease" kicks in.
           | 
           | If you think this is caused by a common currency, consider
           | labour costs in developing countries which use the US dollar.
           | Do those costs go up when labour productivity in the Bay Area
           | goes up?
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | You are both right.
             | 
             | A valuable dollar kills exports and high paying sectors
             | brain-drain lower paying ones.
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | Is this even _bad_ , though? High-margin, productive
               | sectors paying high wages seems like a _good_ thing?
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | Well look at this US, we are in the end-game.
               | 
               | The problem is the concentration of money and talent (the
               | US trajectory is basically just software and finance now)
               | leads to an inability to react to changing conditions and
               | a deep dependence on foreign nations.
               | 
               | If China did something wild and pulled the plug on all US
               | exports, the great minds filled with years of software
               | and finance would be pretty much useless for stabilizing
               | the situation. You want a diversity of smart people in
               | many industries.
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | The changing conditions are self-imposed. If I shoot
               | myself in the foot, I do not blame my limbs for lack of
               | adaptation to changing conditions.
        
               | amdsn wrote:
               | >The changing conditions are self-imposed
               | 
               | They are right now sure, but the scenario as quoted in
               | the previous post could just as easily have risen from
               | China's side as a response to some geopolitical drama and
               | the US would have been just as unprepared for it as it
               | was for the current self foot shooting. A strong
               | manufacturing base is a national security asset and the
               | US has mostly allowed it to rot out. Some niches have
               | been propped up by defense spending like weapons design
               | and manufacturing or military shipbuilding, but even
               | those are downstream industries that need a general base
               | to stand on that they no longer have and it shows.
        
         | HK-NC wrote:
         | How bad was the American stuff?? "Made in china" has always
         | meant garbage in my country.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | All over the map. There were a lot of high quality brands
           | that in the 1980s reduced quality trying to compete on price,
           | and those earned a bad reputation over time. There are a lot
           | of brands that remain the same high quality (or more likely
           | better) that they had all along that are still going strong -
           | however those brands do not try to compete on price and now
           | are very expensive.
           | 
           | Another thing foreign makers did was be more flexible to
           | needs. Some great brands refused to reduce quality, but they
           | were so focused on quality at low prices that they were not
           | responsible to needs. They started making things in batches
           | which reduced costs but if you want a different model you had
           | to wait for that batch. If you have to order something a year
           | in advance while Taiwan can get it to you in a couple months
           | (including shipping via boat!) for some that mattered.
           | 
           | Foreign manufactures often did innovate more as well.
           | Sometimes features on the foreign product were enough better
           | (for some definition of better) as to be important for your
           | needs.
           | 
           | Note that for every example above you can find a company in
           | the US that has been doing exactly that "bad thing" and they
           | have survived against foreign competition. Every product is
           | different, with different needs. The real failure is always
           | not recognizing correctly what is the correct path for you.
           | Often there is more than one "correct path" mixed in with the
           | bad, but you can only choose one. Sometimes a competitor
           | choosing one path fills the niche of that path and if you
           | choose the same both of you will fail.
        
       | netfl0 wrote:
       | I'm glad our country doesn't make plastic dog beds for adults.
        
         | ikr678 wrote:
         | Yeah this is a serious issue (loss of manufacturing capacity)
         | but also,a lot of these products don't need to exist.
         | 
         | Loss of cheap manufacturing resources may be a end of ZIRP-
         | like event for consumer goods.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Landfill is not going to fill itself.
        
       | xiphias2 wrote:
       | There are countries besides USA and China. It was just terrible
       | geopolitics decision for US to depend on 1 country for imports
       | instead of keeping the power balance between countries of the
       | world.
        
         | _heimdall wrote:
         | I have to assume it wasn't a concerted effort to depend mostly
         | on China for imports. Companies are each making the best
         | financial decision for themselves and China turned out to be
         | the more competitive option most of the them.
        
           | piker wrote:
           | I've always understood China's currency manipulation to play
           | an initial role in making it an attractive source of
           | commodity products.
        
             | ImHereToVote wrote:
             | Why can't a sovereign state control their fiscal policy?
             | Who should decide what the value of the Renminbi should be
             | if not the PBC?
        
               | cma256 wrote:
               | The same reason a sovereign state can't act unilaterally
               | in any domain -- diplomacy. If your actions affect
               | another (or even just inspire interest) then the other
               | party may make decisions which affect your country.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Currency debasement is more monetary policy than fiscal
               | policy I think. Either way I didn't read the GP comment
               | as saying China _can 't_ do that, just that doing so is
               | what gave them an edge long enough to gobble up a lot of
               | our trade.
        
             | hearsathought wrote:
             | China was an attractive source for the same reason vietnam
             | and india are today. Large, young, disciplined, literate
             | and organized population with low wages and an accomodating
             | political elite.
             | 
             | All currencies are manipulated. It's a meaningless
             | statement.
        
               | piker wrote:
               | Okay, those are good points, but I don't think the
               | statement is meaningless. China, as I think most
               | understand, deliberately pumped RMB into the market in a
               | manner that made its resources available to foreign
               | markets by trading a capital account deficit for a trade
               | surplus. It's literally the first thing discussed in the
               | RMB wikipedia page:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renminbi.
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | Right, that's the difference between a centralised economy
           | and a free market. These thin-vieled calls for a centralised,
           | planned economy (people of my generation had another word for
           | it) are getting more common and in more places.
        
             | harimau777 wrote:
             | Advocating for a centralised economy isn't actually common
             | on the left. Most people advocate for Nordic inspired
             | democratic socialism or social democracy. A fair number
             | advocate for various forms of anarchism (e.g. worker owned
             | collectives).
             | 
             | Advocates for a Soviet style centralised economy exist, but
             | they aren't common.
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | Do you think all the people saying capitalism is the
               | problem are advocating Nordic-style Social Democracy
               | (with capitalism intact but regulated)? Is that why they
               | keep quoting Marx?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | The Marxist critique of capitalism (the specific real
               | world system dominant in the deceloped West at the time
               | Marx wrote) is quite popular among people whose end goal
               | is not Leninist state capitalism.
               | 
               | Marx himself, prescriptively, wasn't all to specific
               | beyond the distant end-goal stateless system and the
               | immediate next steps in contemporary states
               | (particularly, in terms of a detailed agenda, Germany,
               | but he made some commentary on some steps other places.)
               | But even where he was, plenty of people that share his
               | critique of capitalism either don't see his intermediate
               | term prescriptions as realistic areas of concern for
               | organizing current effort, or don't see them as
               | mevessarily desirable at all.
        
               | rmah wrote:
               | Yet the left (democratic party) nominated a self-avowed
               | socialist for the next NYC mayoral race. One who
               | _literally_ talks about seizing the means of production
               | and opening city-owned groceries that won 't have to pay
               | rent. Let's see how it goes.
        
               | Daishiman wrote:
               | Like the existing state-owned liquor stores in many
               | states?
        
               | 15155 wrote:
               | > Like the existing state-owned liquor stores in many
               | states?
               | 
               | State-owned liquor stores pay rent or own property.
               | 
               | Grocery stores are a business with 5%-8% margins, how
               | much more should they cede?
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Are we to assume that because governments run liquor
               | stores any other industry is fair game as well.
               | 
               | The more simple question in my opinion is whether state
               | run liquor stores are an overreach. The industry is
               | already heavily regulated as it is, state stores sure
               | seems like anticompetitive behavior.
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | What we see is exactly what Uber and Lyft effectively did.
           | China subsidized manufacturing at the cost of their citizens,
           | but in doing so destroyed much of the competition, giving
           | them a monopoly like position in industrial manufacturing
           | cemented by a mastery of economies of scale, which can now be
           | used to exert global power.
           | 
           | Any country which did not abuse their citizens or subsidize
           | their businesses became noncompetitive.
           | 
           | And why _would_ you use old school taxis when uber /lyft were
           | offering $5 rides in a 7x7mile area, and how could old taxi
           | companies compete when they are forced to compete with people
           | not bound by market forces?
        
         | freddie_mercury wrote:
         | "White House spokesperson Kush Desai said the Trump
         | administration remains committed to reviving U.S.
         | manufacturing"
         | 
         | Irrelevant since the point is to grow US manufacturing, not
         | manufacturing in "countries besides USA and China".
        
         | donatj wrote:
         | The problem has become less about cheap labor and more about
         | general know how. China simply leads the world in manufacturing
         | know how.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/L9f5SQQKr5o
        
           | ForestCritter wrote:
           | And slave labour. Nobody cares that their cheap products are
           | the fruit of slave labour.
        
             | a4isms wrote:
             | Louis CK deserves credit for calling this out in a
             | brilliant bit:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rl-1jc1oDRk
             | 
             | (Yes, this video is framed and has Italian subtitles, but
             | all the others I found do weird things with panning and
             | clipping to evade censorship filters, and I believe that
             | his body language is an important part of the delivery.)
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | While true, that know-how is misleading. There is a lot of
           | know-how in the US - the US makes more than every before,
           | which means the know-how is still here! It is just focused on
           | the things we already make and do well on, so often you can't
           | get at it.
        
             | franktankbank wrote:
             | > the US makes more than every before
             | 
             | How true is this? Is this financial sleight-of-hand? We
             | assemble the parts after the hard part was already done?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | There is a lot of automation. What used to be done by
               | 2000 men (sexism intended) in 1950 is now done by 150
               | people. Of course parts come from all over, and go to all
               | over so it is really had to agree on a measure, but there
               | is a lot done in the US.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | >There is a lot of know-how in the US
             | 
             | As someone who works in US manufacturing, let me qualify
             | that by saying "There is a lot of know-how in senior
             | citizens in the US". I really cannot overstate how me, a
             | guy in his late 30's, is consistently the youngest engineer
             | by decades when doing site visits.
        
           | farceSpherule wrote:
           | This is because they are the largest thieves of intellectual
           | property on the planet. They steal everything because they
           | cannot do it themselves.
        
             | convolvatron wrote:
             | that _may_ have been true 20 years ago, but at this point
             | they are driving
        
               | farceSpherule wrote:
               | I work in Incident Response. They are prolific.
        
         | dgb23 wrote:
         | Is it geopolitics that is at fault here or rather corporations?
         | 
         | I think Coca Cola might be a counter example if we look at how
         | they procure their sugar.
        
         | werdnapk wrote:
         | Isn't this how capitalism works? What the USA claims to be the
         | best at?
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | You have missed something: It's not feasible to compete with
         | China on price and availability, compared to any other country.
         | Challenge: Try designing something, and figuring out how to get
         | the parts. Or, try to have a custom circuit board made. You
         | will find the difficulty goes way up for countries that aren't
         | China.
         | 
         | If that isn't enough, imagine you are choosing Hard mode by
         | sourcing non-China, and your competition chose Easy mode.
        
           | voidUpdate wrote:
           | Custom PCBs can be gotten from Aisler, based in the
           | Netherlands
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | I haven't quoted Aisler, but I did talk to three or four
             | US-based PCB/PCBA houses for a hobby project I was working
             | on that ended up selling around 100 units. The US houses
             | were 20-50x JLC/PCBWay at prototype volume and 10-25x at
             | low volume.
             | 
             | Their proto assembly turn times were only a day better.
             | Unless something has to be done in the US for some specific
             | reason (export controls or contractual reasons), I don't
             | see how to justify doing it on-shore.
        
             | progbits wrote:
             | I live in EU and like the idea, both as support for local
             | economy and lower environment impact from shipping.
             | 
             | I've tried aisler instead of jlc/pcbway twice and I regret
             | both orders. For more money I got the boards later, of
             | worse quality and with bad customer support experience when
             | one of my orders was lost.
             | 
             | Sorry but they simply are not anywhere close to the chinese
             | options.
        
               | voidUpdate wrote:
               | You should probably let GreatScott know that so he stops
               | getting sponsorships from them :P
        
               | progbits wrote:
               | Good for him to get the money. I skip all these with
               | sponsorblock, can't trust them to give honest review.
               | Nobody should either.
               | 
               | On the other hand if I already know I want to use a
               | product I search for it on youtube and if I find a video
               | with coupon in the description from a channel I know (or
               | least seems decent) I use it. Make the advertisers think
               | it works and pay more, and I get a discount.
        
             | all2 wrote:
             | Or OshPark out of Oregon, USA. If you need kiting and
             | assembly of the board there are plenty of board houses on
             | the West Coast that will do it for you.
        
               | the__alchemist wrote:
               | OshPark is fine for bare PCB, but as you point out, they
               | don't do assembly. What does it cost to get a prototype
               | or small production run of a smallish, assembled PCB
               | using OshPark + one of the West coast board houses?
               | 
               | I want what you say to be true, but I'm suspicious,
               | unless something has changed recently. My research
               | indicates unless you're looking at 10k+ quantity, it will
               | cost OOM more than Shenzhen. But, I'm not familiar with
               | the specific services you mention.
        
         | verdverm wrote:
         | The thinking at the time was that China would turn into a
         | democracy by liberalizing the economy.
        
         | mathiaspoint wrote:
         | Mexico has been cheaper for a while now. My understanding is
         | that shipping from China was subsidized somehow and that's a
         | big part of why it's still cheaper overall.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | I think, the issue is about producing the same stuff people
       | already buy overseas.
       | 
       | Can you make a shirt for 10 cents in the USA? Probably, if you
       | get innovative on automation and remove most human labour you
       | might get there in a few years or a decade, but not tomorrow.
       | 
       | If you can get creative with new solutions those products solve,
       | you might get a foot into the door.
       | 
       | What does the shirt solve for a customer? Could there be a
       | (better) alternative that could be built in the USA?
       | 
       | But yeah, you won't compete on price...
        
         | soco wrote:
         | Once you produce everything for 10c locally without human
         | labor, those unemployed human laborers won't buy your 10c thing
         | because they are unemployed. You need more to bring back the
         | production: bring back the employment as well.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | There is plenty of employment in the US. What there isn't in
           | the US is employees for someone wanting to pay less than
           | $12/hour - and to get that low you need to find a small rural
           | town in the middle of nowhere with nobody else paying, which
           | in turn means you can only get at most 200 low wage employees
           | in your factory, and you are risking someone else moving in
           | offering more pay. Or you can go to China and pay much less
           | (I don't know wages in China, but I'd guess under $5/hour),
           | or some other poor country and you can pay $1/hour.
        
           | kenmacd wrote:
           | Are you arguing against the automation here? Because if so it
           | seems we could bring back a lot of employment by simply
           | getting rid of machines, but would we really be better off?
           | Is it better for humans to spend their short lives working as
           | telephone operator, knowing it an entirely pointless job?
           | 
           | If you're not arguing against automation then I think we need
           | to think about what happens when we expand your timeline a
           | little. Are there really enough 'employment' jobs that can't
           | be automated for billions of humans of different
           | intelligence/physical abilities?
        
       | superultra wrote:
       | It's not just too expensive. We need to seriously ask ourselves
       | do we want too, at all, even?
       | 
       | My dad worked in a steel mill all his life so that me and my
       | siblings didn't have to. We're he and the other guys at the plant
       | proud of their work? Absolutely. Does nearly everyone wish their
       | kids would do something else? Absolutely.
       | 
       | Industrialism has ipso facto become the soup du jour for thr
       | agrarian myth. The reality is that it's long, hard, relentless,
       | menial labor. It's also terrible for just living in general. My
       | dad basically turned the lights off on a steel plant. That was 20
       | years ago and the land it was on will be unusable for even
       | landfills for another 100 years. It was on a river and the river
       | still smells like chemicals, and fish routinely die when passing
       | through that area due to chemical runoff from the land.
       | 
       | So, I'm sorry, why do we want that here (let alone anywhere)?
       | 
       | I'm not saying that I don't complain about my work from home job
       | or that there aren't negative effects but good luck weighing me
       | getting carpal tunnel or taking anxiety meds to the stuff that
       | industrial labor does to your body and our living environments.
        
         | xienze wrote:
         | > So, I'm sorry, why do we want that here (let alone anywhere)?
         | 
         | To the second question, not everything in the modern world is
         | going to be clean and green. If you want things like steel,
         | plastic, computers, etc. there's gonna be some dirty
         | manufacturing involved. No way around it.
         | 
         | To the first, ideally every country wants some amount of self-
         | sufficiency, or at the very least, some amount of redundancy.
         | Remember how badly the world's pants got pulled down during
         | Covid?
         | 
         | And finally -- frankly, not everyone is capable of more than
         | unskilled or semi-skilled labor. Supply-chain redundancy with a
         | side-effect of employing people who might otherwise have very
         | little in the way of employment prospects? That's a good thing!
        
         | RickJWagner wrote:
         | AI is going to reduce the number of white collar jobs
         | available.
         | 
         | Manufacturing may be a lot more important to future job
         | seekers.
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | > The reality is that it's long, hard, relentless, menial
         | labor.
         | 
         | Which is perfectly fine to do for some time if the salary is
         | great. Which it should be, considering the high productivity
         | output from those kind of jobs.
         | 
         | Steel mill workers of your dad's generation had a much higher
         | living standard and much more money than service or office
         | workers of today's young generation.
         | 
         | Young people are supposed to work hard and build up their
         | wealth so that they can change to a less taxing job when it's
         | time to make a family. Not waste their time in academic
         | institutions for 20 years and then work for a low salary.
        
           | orsorna wrote:
           | > had a much higher living standard and much more money than
           | service or office workers
           | 
           | I don't see how you could say this with a straight face. We
           | know at this point that factory jobs inflict physical damage
           | to the body, a priceless artifact that no wage could
           | replenish. I find it difficult to address your last paragraph
           | as it's just not based in reality. Anecdotally, many people I
           | know who take an hourly wage at factories never shift
           | elsewhere. There is no waiting, and often they will start
           | their families younger than their salarymen equivalent, 30
           | years ago or now. Perhaps they failed by your standards?
        
             | carlosjobim wrote:
             | Not unexpected that people would react strongly against any
             | mention of physical labour on this forum - and immediately
             | take a hostile attitude.
             | 
             | I've done my fair share of these kind of jobs in my life
             | and my body is great. You can do it for some years while
             | you are young. Yes - if you do the same job your entire
             | life you will destroy your body. Especially if you do not
             | take care to listen to it and adapt how you work and how
             | you exercise.
             | 
             | Young people should work hard and be paid well, that's how
             | a healthy economy functions. Not by having manufacturing
             | based on foreign slave labour.
             | 
             | Anecdotally, I know many people who started on the ground
             | floor and then moved on to management or sales with
             | experience. Or switched jobs and careers. People switch
             | jobs all the time, staying at the same post for life is
             | mostly a thing of the past.
        
         | blendergeek wrote:
         | One of my hopes is that we can use our environmental and safety
         | regime to do the industrial stuff in a more humane manner.
         | Outsourcing everything to "somewhere else" only moved the
         | externalities to another country. But people still get hurt.
        
           | superultra wrote:
           | Totally agree but is more environmentally friendly and more
           | humane part of the current political rhetoric?
           | 
           | And absolutely outsourcing to somewhere else hurts somewhere
           | else. But let's be realistic: the kind of drastic change that
           | would require no one getting hurt is not in the American
           | discourse.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Why was the steel mill producing a lot of chemical pollution?
         | 
         | Steel makes a lot of mill scale and slag, but those are
         | generally inert. It's a physically dirty process, but not a
         | _chemically_ dirty one, unless I'm missing something?
         | 
         | And certainly nothing I'm aware of there would make it
         | unsuitable for even landfill.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Steel is alloyed with a lot of things, some of them toxic
           | (lead comes to mind). If any of that spills.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | A lot of steel is coated with grease or oil to avoid rusting.
           | Just by nature of working with it you also need solvents to
           | remove it. The degreasers of the past were magically powerful
           | and environmentally catastrophic. Never mind all the
           | oil/grease used.
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | I think some additives to the steel can be really poisonous?
           | Chrome?
           | 
           | I guess you get a lot of heavy metal slag?
        
           | superultra wrote:
           | I looked up the EPA report for the brownsite. It listed
           | arsenic, barium, multiple chromium compounds,
           | 2,4-dimethylphenol ethylbenzen lead, 4-methyl-2-pentanone,
           | methlyene chloride, naphthalene, toluene, and xylene at
           | hazardous levels. It also mentions steel, zinc, and nickel
           | dust and fumes.
           | 
           | I do know that I drove by the old site a few years ago, and
           | you can see the outlines of not just the buildings but the
           | machinery because the dirt is a different color, and there's
           | either no or very little grass or just stubborn weeds growing
           | in those areas.
        
         | deltarholamda wrote:
         | >We're he and the other guys at the plant proud of their work?
         | Absolutely. Does nearly everyone wish their kids would do
         | something else? Absolutely.
         | 
         | Most office work is not terribly satisfying. It turns out that
         | work is work. And while working in AC with a coffee maker is
         | "better" than sweating it out over a crucible, the drudgery is
         | the same.
         | 
         | I spent some time with a large group of teenagers at a summer
         | camp where the kids do a lot of the work, including activity
         | scheduling and such. I worked in the cafeteria kitchen, which
         | was hot, hard work. But the kids that were doing the
         | administration kept coming over to offer to help: mop, sweep,
         | serve food, whatever. I tried to take a mop bucket away from
         | one of them, and she said "I've been staring at spreadsheets
         | all day, I want to _do_ something. "
         | 
         | It's not 1850 anymore; we don't have to have industry be
         | dehumanizing quasi-slave labor. If we decide to, we can make
         | things in America again without Triangle Shirtwaist-style
         | horrors.
        
           | superultra wrote:
           | You're not wrong on most of your points - and I'm not denying
           | the value of hard work. And I'm also well aware of the
           | drudgery of office work.
           | 
           | That said, have you worked in the kind of factory that will
           | come back? I did a summer stint at my dad's steel mill as a
           | 19 year old. I'm proud of that summer but that work took a
           | lot of me. When other friends were out doing things, I was
           | too exhausted to hang out. The money wasn't great either. And
           | that's a microcosm of most of those older worker's lives.
           | Many drank heavily. I'm not bemoaning them at all or their
           | work.
           | 
           | I'm just saying that the early 2000s wasn't the 1850s either.
           | 
           | I don't deny there's a better life than office work but let's
           | not gloss over the kind of hard - as in, really hard - labor
           | that industrialization requires.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Let's not gloss over the other part of it too though. Not
             | everyone is smart enough to be a doctor or a lawyer, or
             | even a nurse or a paralegal, and those people need jobs
             | too. It shouldn't be backbreaking soul crushing work, but
             | they do need jobs.
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | As recently as the 1980s, 70% of domestic clothing was made in
       | the U.S., including by brands like Gap and JC Penny. Did
       | Americans have an impoverished standard of living in the 1980s?
       | Is the cheap, disposable, foreign made "fast fashion" we have
       | today better?
       | 
       | https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/7939/madeinamerica
        
         | soco wrote:
         | Today it's also the desire of the customers, as pushed by
         | social media, to follow a fashion changing almost every month.
         | You didn't buy in the 80s stuff to be obsoleted in a few
         | months. And because most of the people cannot afford every few
         | months a new wardrobe made of (halfway) quality items, today's
         | taste requires fast fashion garbage. So here we are, and we can
         | get back to sanity only when we get rid of the influencer-led
         | economy, good luck with that.
        
           | protimewaster wrote:
           | I'm amazed how much of the internet economy has turned out to
           | be advertising. People complain about ads when they watch TV,
           | but they'll go out of their way to spend hours watching ads
           | on social media. And lots of kids dream about being an
           | influencer, basically an advertiser, for their work.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | One reason why I have no interest in going to facebook
             | anymore is that the vast majority of people's social media
             | activity on there nowadays is advertising... something.
             | People showing their latest purchases, vacations,
             | experiences, etc, all basically showing something they
             | spent money on.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | The desire of costumers is to go well beyond psychotic
           | measures in order to save the tiniest amount of money on a
           | purchase, rather than purchase domestic or locally produced
           | for a bit more expensive. And that applies almost worldwide,
           | not only to Americans.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Plenty of people would buy domestic goods if they were "a
             | bit more expensive". I'd say 5% on a large ticket item or
             | 15-20% on a small item would be "a bit".
             | 
             | Rarely is "made in the USA" just a bit more expensive in my
             | experience.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | For the very small ticket item you might even have to pay
               | 100% more if you want to support your local community or
               | your nation. Which should be fine, it's just a few
               | dollars. For big ticket item 15-20% is acceptable. But
               | people only think about their own purse.
        
           | Lu2025 wrote:
           | > the desire of the customers, as pushed by social media, to
           | follow a fashion changing almost every month
           | 
           | A lot of it is top down, pushed onto customers by the
           | industry. It's very hard to find timeless classics these
           | days, we are given trendy bits that change every year to
           | speed up obsolescence so they purposely look kitschy.
        
         | olalonde wrote:
         | Yes and yes.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | The textile industry in the US was synonymous with worker abuse
         | and sweatshop conditions. The Triangle Shirtwaist fire is the
         | canonical example. Heavily dependent on immigrant labor.
        
           | lysace wrote:
           | That fire was in 1911.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | Well into the 1990s, we made shirts and canned soup in
           | Oregon, a place that had very few immigrants at the time. My
           | wife's dad's family came here before the American revolution
           | and he worked at a Heinz soup plant until NAFTA.
        
         | dpcx wrote:
         | If you watch [this Climate Town
         | video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CkgCYPe68Q), then
         | absolutely not, the disposable fast fashion we have today is
         | not better. It's cheaper, but it's not higher quality, it
         | requires trans-continental shipping, and it absolutely gets
         | thrown away in ridiculous amounts.
         | 
         | Overall, it's worse in just about every metric other than "I
         | can get this fun shirt online at 2am for $6."
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | And helped spread microsplastics to every corner of the Earth
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | >Did Americans have an impoverished standard of living in the
         | 1980s?
         | 
         | Yes. Ask some of your older relatives who remember that time
         | how often they got hand-me-downs or patched old clothes up and
         | compare it to the wardrobe of an average income American today.
        
           | pyth0 wrote:
           | Could this be due to how low quality many clothes are
           | nowadays and they are simply not lasting long enough to
           | become hand-me-downs?
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | The fault is firmly with the consumer. People are addicted
             | to cheap shit and consuming like crazy.
             | 
             | We had cheap clothes 10 years ago, then Shein and their ilk
             | showed up with even cheaper clothes, and people flocked to
             | them in droves.
             | 
             | And you can still buy good quality clothes, $120 shirts and
             | $150 pants of good quality are readily available. But who
             | wouldn't want to have 10 shirts and 5 pants instead?
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | Where can I find good quality (by this I mean durable)
               | shirts for $120 and pants for $150? I've examined
               | clothing in that price range and it's virtually just as
               | bad as $20 fast fashion: synthetic fibers mixed with
               | cotton, poor stitching, loose weave on the fabric, etc.
               | 
               | If you have brand names for polo shirts, jeans, and
               | chinos that are _durable_ and long lasting, please share
               | them because I can't find them. I have yet to place a
               | test order at Bill's Khakis, I should do that.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | So far (only six months in), Normal Brand
               | (https://thenormalbrand.com/) has been good to me. Seems
               | better quality, nothing I have is synthetics, well
               | stitched.
        
               | terribleperson wrote:
               | Can you really get $120 shirts and $150 pants of good
               | quality? J. Crew and Brooks Brothers and the like have
               | gone downhill.
        
             | Lu2025 wrote:
             | This is correct. On average I go through a pair of jeans
             | and a pair of hiking pants a year. 30 years ago I wore my
             | dad's jeans quite a bit as a teenager, I remember even
             | passing a driving test in them.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Perhaps, but if clothes are cheap, income is disposable and
             | fashion is fast, why bother?
             | 
             | Other than jeans, shoes, socks and underwear, I haven't
             | worn through or grown out of anything in forever, nothing
             | to pass on really.
             | 
             | That said, the textile collection and resale industry is
             | huge; stuff gets sorted, parts go to secondhand shops and
             | charity, part gets baled up and exported, parts get
             | recycled, etc. Same with electronics, it ends up in low-
             | wage countries in Africa and south-Asia where there's
             | thousands of people processing it.
        
           | ndriscoll wrote:
           | That's not impoverished; it's just not wasteful. Half my
           | kids' clothes are from Once Upon A Child, and most of my
           | younger one's are hand-me-downs from the older one. For that
           | matter, I'm wearing 20 year old gym shorts right now.
        
           | fn-mote wrote:
           | What? It's the 80s not the 50s. Hand me downs might have been
           | a cultural thing, but "average" people weren't wearing them
           | out of necessity.
           | 
           | I think you're conflating a culture that did not see
           | everything as disposable with a lack of wealth.
           | 
           | The hard stats since I looked them up:
           | 
           | Median income increases by 1/3 in inflation adjusted ("real")
           | dollars from late 80s until 2020. The country is definitely
           | more wealthy.
           | 
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/mepainusa672n
        
           | dfxm12 wrote:
           | This is not evidence for what you are saying. Handing down
           | stuff, including clothes doesn't equate to poverty, sometimes
           | the opposite. Better clothes also last longer. Check out the
           | Sam Vimes theory of socioeconomic unfairness. To take this a
           | little literally, for much of my young adulthood, I wore my
           | dad's old snow boots, not because I was poor, but because
           | they were too well made, even at an old age, not to use.
           | 
           | Choosing to buy more, cheaper, clothes is as much an example
           | of consumerism, as anything else.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boots_theory
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | > Did Americans have an impoverished standard of living in the
         | 1980s?
         | 
         | Absolutely not.
         | 
         | What we have today is the ability to buy/own tons more "stuff",
         | much of which is cheap junk. That does _not_ translate into
         | better quality of life.
        
         | burningChrome wrote:
         | > Did Americans have an impoverished standard of living in the
         | 1980s (compared to now)?
         | 
         | Nope.
         | 
         | I had plenty of hand me downs, but the majority of stuff I
         | owned lasted for years and years, and I beat TF out of my
         | clothes; so getting three or four years out of a pair of jeans
         | was an achievement. I remember being constantly upset with my
         | parents because when I would ask to get something new, they
         | would tell me I had to wear out the stuff I already had first.
         | 
         | So at the time, paying more for a pair of Levi's or Nike's were
         | worth it because they were built to last for years, not months
         | like they are now. I was in college during the late 90's and
         | even then I had three pairs of shoes that lasted my entire 4
         | years in college.
         | 
         | Back then stuff was durable and was meant to last for years.
         | The "fast fashion" and "disposable fashion" trends essentially
         | ended monopolies that brands had because kids weren't wearing
         | stuff for more than a few months before discarding it or having
         | it fall apart so they can wear the latest thing.
        
         | cm2012 wrote:
         | Yes, if you forced 2025 americans to live like americans did in
         | the 1980s there would be mass riots. Quality of life has gone
         | up signicantly in many ways.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | This is an answerable question: the median American household
         | allocates 2-3% less of its household income to clothing in 2025
         | than it did in the 1980s. That's about $2000, for the median
         | household.
        
       | kgwxd wrote:
       | Right now, there's nearly a 100% chance any "Made in USA" brand
       | is a grift, by direct members of the grifting party. I'm for the
       | idea, done correctly. I'm completely against it in it's current
       | form. They're taking your money rubes. If you want the real
       | thing, you're going to have to help fix the country instead of
       | falling for basic scams, in all areas of life.
        
       | glimshe wrote:
       | One has to wonder how the United States survived before the rise
       | of Asian manufacturing... As recently as the 1980s we had full
       | computers made in the US.
       | 
       | We can get it back, at least the more interesting parts of it. If
       | this movement was being sponsored by another political party, as
       | it used to be the case, we would see a complete inversion of the
       | journalists defending and criticizing it.
        
         | cosmic_cheese wrote:
         | The thing about the current movement that draws criticism, I
         | believe, is the wildly unrealistic expectations. The party in
         | question has treated bringing back manufacturing, even that
         | which is skilled and requires large quantities of highly
         | specialized machinery and supply chains and trained workers to
         | supply it, as if it's something you can flip on like a light
         | switch.
         | 
         | If you factor in building factories, building supply chains,
         | training workers, and regaining lost institutional/tribal
         | knowledge, you're looking at a monstrously expensive endeavor
         | that's going to take a long time. Probably at least a decade
         | end-to-end, shorter in some fields and longer than others. No
         | level of tariffs or overconfident statements on social media
         | can change this reality.
         | 
         | And as a cherry on top, companies are supposed to set this all
         | back up without help from the government, despite it being so
         | expensive and time consuming to do so, and despite Chinese
         | manufacturing having benefited immensely from its government
         | pouring vast sums into bolstering its manufacturing
         | capabilities to reach its present position. What corporate
         | leadership is going to see any of that as reasonable or
         | remotely a good deal? They're more likely to play up
         | investments they'd already planned to make during the previous
         | administration and wait for another dice roll come next
         | election.
         | 
         | TLDR it can happen, but not on a short timeline and not without
         | government incentives to smooth over the massive costs of bring
         | it back.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | If you look at the income curve of household income over the
         | last 100 years, you will see that the curve went from clumped
         | around $60k to flattened and rolled out extending up to
         | hundreds of thousands.
         | 
         | Put simply, back in the day everyone earned pretty similar pay.
         | Nowadays pay is much more spread out and lots more families
         | make way more money than they would have 40 years ago. The
         | market really loves these high earning households (not
         | billionairs, I mean $100k+) and naturally gravitates towards
         | catering to them. The $60k households get left out.
        
       | GlibMonkeyDeath wrote:
       | So, if retailers are resisting raising prices, who will pay the
       | increased costs? Domestically sourced goods can be no more than
       | 55% more expensive (otherwise the imported goods would be
       | cheaper), but we can be sure that locally sourced goods will be
       | priced as close to the full 55% as possible (and as the article
       | points out, some locally manufactured items are probably never
       | going to be less than the overseas cost, even including the
       | tariff tax.)
       | 
       | Now take a look at Walmart's margins
       | https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/WMT/walmart/profit....
       | Their gross margin is ~25%, with a net around 2%. Even if Walmart
       | decides to eat the tariff cost out of patriotic duty, anywhere
       | near a ~50% hit to supply chain costs would put them out of
       | business. Heck, even a few percent would require a huge business
       | restructuring, if it were even possible.
       | 
       | So prices are going to be higher - it's a given. In the short-
       | medium term, the tariff tax is simply a large regressive transfer
       | of tax obligation onto consumers.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | I think Walmart is too big to fail at this point. If the gold
         | standard for brick and mortar 'low prices' needs some
         | restructuring, then it's time for the house of straw economy to
         | finally see the big bad wolf and go running for the hills.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Walmart will just raise prices and their customers will eat
           | the increased prices through reduced purchasing power or
           | going without, while complaining but doing nothing else
           | (because they have no leverage to do otherwise).
           | 
           | https://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-price-increases-
           | item... | https://archive.today/4Kcqf
        
             | macartain wrote:
             | or those same customers may elect the next, even-more-
             | extreme, ill-informed idiotic wingnut that comes along with
             | a pat theory about bringing industry back on-shore in 4
             | years by tossing out foreigners/applying ludicrous
             | tariffs/whatever... increased prices affect politics -
             | which affects everything.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Probably, not much you can do with people who have a vote
               | but nothing else. All you can do is migrate to more
               | functional governance systems. Let them eat vibes, the
               | evidence is robust that mental models are rigid and even
               | in the face of overwhelming evidence, people can be
               | bought into belief systems that cannot be updated based
               | on facts, data, and evidence.
        
               | macartain wrote:
               | fair!
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | Textile manufacturing is the absolute bottom of the barrel. The
       | town I grew up in (Manchester, NH) had the largest textile plant
       | at the beginning of WWI but it was out of business by 1933. The
       | industry moved first to the American South and by the time they'd
       | paid the loans of the factories it moved again overseas.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Textiles are something that we cannot automate with current
         | technology. We know how to automate plastics and metals. You
         | can buy off the shelf injection molding machines (3d printers
         | too, but they are rarely used in production). You can buy off
         | the shelf machines to cut and form metals. Even things like
         | steel mills are automated with custom equipment. But sewing two
         | pieces of cloth together is beyond current automation, and thus
         | there is a lot of manual labor.
         | 
         | In the US (and Europe) manual labor is expensive, so to make
         | something you need a lot of automation. Once it is automated
         | the next step is enough volume to pay for the automation (which
         | needs expensive engineers).
         | 
         | Of course maybe this will change. Basic textiles were one of
         | the first things we automated 300+ years ago, but we are only
         | able to go from a bunch of cotton to a bolt of fabric today. As
         | I write this making a shirt (or dog bed as this story) seems
         | beyond what we can automate. Maybe a little investment will fix
         | that, maybe not. I'm not an automation engineer so I can't tell
         | you how solvable the problems are.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Robots that can fold towels are an active research area
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/2022/10/22/1130552239/robot-folding-
           | laun...
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | towel folding doesn't seem like a step towards automating
             | clothing, any more than building a tall ladder is a step
             | towards ladders tall enough to reach the moon. Anyway
             | https://ruthtillman.com/post/all-clothing-is-handmade/
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I think at the root textiles just don't go where you want
               | them to go the way, say, a rigid object or a fluid does.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Getting computer vision and physics models to correctly
               | handle fabric is _the_ hard part of automating what 's
               | left in textiles.
               | 
               | Everything else is ultimately just inclined planes and a
               | power rod pulling on levers, which is the stuff that was
               | solved with the Jacquard machine and a whole industry of
               | competing models of sewing machine before we even had
               | electricity let alone electric servos.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Robots that can fold _anything_ might be useful in an
             | industrial cleaning or textile manufacturing setting, but
             | it would compete with humans who can do that in seconds.
             | For towels, there 's specialized machines (and have been
             | for years): https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=to
             | wel+folding+m...
        
           | tpm wrote:
           | > Of course maybe this will change.
           | 
           | It's possibly already changing? 3D-knitting (of shoe uppers
           | is what I have noticed) can make some sewing redundant. How
           | far that can be taken remains to be seen.
           | 
           | ah there are already sweaters made using this technology it
           | seems: https://www.oliver-charles.com/pages/3d-knitting
        
         | DebtDeflation wrote:
         | It's wild to me how this movement wants to bring back all of
         | the lowest paid, least value add, lowest skill jobs back but is
         | totally ok with shipping highly paid, highest value add,
         | highest skill jobs off to India. I understand that it's all a
         | grift, the marks only care about the former jobs, and those
         | jobs are never actually coming back, but still.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | Textile manufacturing is basically just a derivative of
         | electricity and labor costs. There isn't much more too it, and
         | per sq meter, it's extremely cheap to ship product around the
         | world.
         | 
         | Textile mills in Bangladesh are able to pay $0.025 US cents per
         | kwh, and factory laborers can be employed for about $150 a
         | month. From their main port to the US west coast, when sent by
         | container ship, costs about $0.10 per sq m. There is no
         | universe where anyone else can compete. It's not within
         | America's comparative advantage anymore.
        
       | MangoToupe wrote:
       | I don't really seen any benefit from buying American. The entire
       | point of being capitalist is to let the market solve these
       | issues, and the market has. I don't have any more loyalty to
       | Americans than to any other people on earth, and I think that
       | impulse is rather odd.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | I do see benefit from not buying from China. China is making
         | geopolitical moves that I do not like and suspect will result
         | in war in the future. They are making moving to take Taiwan.
         | They are clearly supporting Russia against Ukraine.
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | Well, that's your prerogative. I don't like the way most
           | states behave (very much including our own warmongering
           | state), but I'll be damned if this alters where I buy basic
           | goods and services.
           | 
           | If America wanted my money, it wouldn't behave in such a
           | blatantly hypocritical manner. Either we're a free-market
           | society or we're going to take care of each other. We've
           | prioritized crying over business owners for decades while
           | letting people go homeless. Fuck those businesses; where were
           | they when the homeless needed advocacy? They chose to spend
           | their time trying to complain about society rather than
           | contributing to it.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | I feel like you're misdiagnosing the problem. One of the
             | key ways in which we've been prioritizing business owners
             | for decades is uncritically accepting their arguments for
             | free trade.
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | I, as a Swede, also see the same reasons for not buying
           | American.
        
         | quacked wrote:
         | The market has not decided on anything; to employ Americans,
         | you have to pay huge amounts of extra taxes and provide all
         | sorts of legally mandated protections, and to operate an
         | American business, you have to follow all sorts of operational
         | and environmental laws that foreigners don't have to follow.
         | Yet they're allowed to sell their goods in the same venues as
         | Americans.
         | 
         | If there are two ice cream vendors at the park, and the park
         | charges one ice cream vendor a $350/day license and the other
         | one doesn't have to license itself at all, has the "market"
         | decided that the unlicensed business is superior?
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | > If there are two ice cream vendors at the park, and the
           | park charges one ice cream vendor a $350/day license and the
           | other one doesn't have to license itself at all, has the
           | "market" decided that the unlicensed business is superior?
           | 
           | I don't know about "superior", but they're certainly going to
           | sell more ice cream.
        
             | tstrimple wrote:
             | It has nothing to do with how much ice cream they sell. You
             | cannot determine who would sell more ice cream based on who
             | pays a license fee and who doesn't. What you can say is
             | that the profits from the licensed vendor will be lower
             | because of higher operating costs if they sell the same
             | amount.
        
           | kenmacd wrote:
           | > has the "market" decided that the unlicensed business is
           | superior?
           | 
           | I think recently we've decided it does? Look at Uber versus
           | licensed taxis, Airbnb versus licensed and inspect B&Bs, and
           | many more.
           | 
           | I get what you're saying though, and if there was the will
           | for it then the unlicensed business would be fined such that
           | it would pay more in fines than the cost of a license. It
           | just seems to be going the opposite way.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | A better example would be one ice cream vendor uses ethically
           | sourced milk and pays all it's workers a solid living wage
           | with benefits, effectively functioning as an extra $350/day
           | expense. The other vendor uses minimum wage labor and factory
           | farm milk.
           | 
           | >has the "market" decided that the [unethical] business is
           | superior
           | 
           | Yes, because anyone half paying attention on the ground
           | instead of scrolling self-righteous internet content all day
           | knows that price is actually king above all else.
           | 
           | $18 ethical ice cream cones taste great, but not as great as
           | $4 ice cream cones.
           | 
           | To ground this in reality, look at the insane rise of Shein
           | for clothes.
        
             | quacked wrote:
             | I don't disagree with anything you're saying. I think we're
             | making the same point, namely that if one business operates
             | American-style and the other business operates third-world
             | style, the third-world style business will win on price
             | every time, making it incredibly, prohibitively difficult
             | to operate "American-style" at scale.
             | 
             | America itself operated "third-world style" for centuries.
        
         | glasss wrote:
         | I like supporting my local community - so I guess I don't have
         | much loyalty to a company in Arkansas but I do have loyalty to
         | a company down the street or a town over.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | I get that this is an example, but I'd like to see other
       | examples. An expensive niche dog bed, niche beverage, etc doesn't
       | seem very representative of the economy. If it is, that's
       | concerning.
        
         | horsawlarway wrote:
         | I guess a counterview here:
         | 
         | These are the sorts of things small companies can actually make
         | and be successful making.
         | 
         | Are they representative of the economy as a whole? Maybe not -
         | the majority of that spend is going to go towards housing
         | (~35%), transportation (~17%), basic food (~13%), and (somewhat
         | surprisingly) insurance/pensions (~12.5%). Those are all
         | incredibly competitive.
         | 
         | High barrier to entry, legally challenging (lots of
         | bureaucratic red tape and hoops), already dominated by large
         | companies with economy of scale in their favor.
         | 
         | So that essentially leaves niche, high margin, products as the
         | ONLY products a small company can competitively make.
         | 
         | So it you want to be a small company selling a physical item...
         | this is the market you tend to play within. You make an
         | expensive niche/luxury product with a limited appeal but higher
         | margins.
         | 
         | We already get plenty of news about how the large corporations
         | say they are going to respond (prices will go up).
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | And on the third hand, those are things that you cannot buy
           | off the shelf machines to automate. Sewing is an active area
           | of research, but it still needs as much labor as in 1930.
           | Beverage packing is automated but a lot of it is custom
           | machines so you need a lot of up front money. (though it
           | appears their limits were containers - al is made in the US
           | so I'm surprised they cannot order the alloy they need).
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | It's probably material cost and not the actual
             | manufacturing. The aluminum smelting industry in the US has
             | been in decline (and for other metals too). It was also
             | only 4 cents per can, a 1% increase in end unit price. But
             | how it it affecting the products that can be made with off
             | the shelf machines? How about in sectors other than
             | consumer discretionary, like consumer staples?
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I'm just saying, every single example is a consumer
           | discretionary item. Maybe they could pick some examples from
           | other sectors. We already know consumer discretionary
           | spending is a weak sector and will get weaker with tariffs.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | That's my thinking as well, these are items where if they
             | cross a certain price point consumers can easily opt to
             | just not get them. They aren't even really luxury items,
             | they are unnecessary luxury items.
             | 
             | A better example I've seen is machinery, like construction
             | equipment. Some contractor on YouTube points out that a
             | Chinese skid steer is every bit as capable as a US made,
             | but that 25 - 33% of the price. If he had to buy US made
             | equipment he wouldn't have a business.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Yes but they are bullshit products. Dog beds? A dog is happy
           | with an old blanket. "Stress-reducing carbonated beverages"
           | no comment. A $65 paper day planner?
           | 
           | These are things that nobody needs. They are the poster
           | children for mindless consumerism, feasible only because they
           | are made in overseas sweatshops.
        
       | strict9 wrote:
       | It will always be like this until scale ramps up and costs come
       | down as infrastructure ramps up. China's advantage is always
       | communicated as cheap labor but it's also the ability to almost
       | infinitely scale production lines in a short period of time.
       | America has mostly lost the muscle memory and tooling to do this.
       | And that ability to scale matters with materials costs.
       | 
       | There are incentives that would benefit domestic producers and
       | companies but those take time and don't make good soundbites for
       | politicians.
       | 
       | The blunt tariff sledgehammer that was dropped isn't going to do
       | it. Small experiments like the one in the article will try and
       | mostly fail. Meanwhile producers will find loopholes and
       | workarounds to tariffs. And the margins and viability of domestic
       | designers and businesses will continue to weaken.
       | 
       | Consumers will increasingly eat the cost and lose the
       | convenience.
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | All high school students should be required to complete the
         | Factorio tutorial before graduating.
        
           | idrios wrote:
           | Congressmen should be required to complete the Factorio
           | tutorial before taking office
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | Factorio is just a programming game with a manufacturing
           | texture pack.
           | 
           | What we want is wood shop and machine shop classes.
        
             | tantalor wrote:
             | Humbly and politely disagree.
             | 
             | Factorio taught me about supply chains, manufacturing
             | bottlenecks, and tooling dependencies. These concerns don't
             | really crop up in day-to-day programming, but they reveal a
             | lot about why we struggle manufacturing anything in USA
             | anymore.
        
               | rendaw wrote:
               | Factorio is often described as a game for software
               | developers (i.e. it feels like you're programming when
               | you play). Are those really the critical skills that
               | allowed China to grow in manufacturing so quickly?
               | 
               | I'm not sure shop classes fill that need either...
        
               | alnwlsn wrote:
               | To be able to design any manufacturable item, you have to
               | know that a wrench is used to tighten bolts, and a
               | screwdriver must be able to reach the screw. There are
               | people who don't. Some of them graduated engineering
               | school with me.
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | Second this, I have stories...
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | If it's about supply chains and the like, Eve Online
               | might be a better fit, it's got the factor of time, deal-
               | making, social interaction, theft, war, blockades,
               | undercutting, etc in there as well.
               | 
               | like, I can see a high school class set up their
               | corporation, get mining set up, maybe own a station, get
               | production running... but then a nullsec alliance is like
               | haha fuck you and completely undercuts them, or the
               | recurring player event where they block / destroy
               | anything coming into or out of the main trade hub starts.
               | 
               | Factorio is pretty predictable... or maybe I've played it
               | too often so I know what to consider for the long term. I
               | should get some mods or change some settings to create
               | calamities like in the old Sim City.
        
               | troyvit wrote:
               | I think you're both right. If the wood shop class was a
               | class in how to run a wood shop (not just in how to run a
               | lathe) it would be the best of both worlds.
        
               | korse wrote:
               | Do you work in manufacturing?
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | But we don't have a shortage of people who understand
               | those things. You can learn them with a passive interest
               | while hanging around with your laptop on the weekends. We
               | have a shortage of people who understand how to actually
               | make things in a non-copy/paste environment.
               | 
               | There are so many ways that mother nature says "fuck you,
               | fuck your work" that you never get contact with in
               | virtual environments. In fact the whole point of virtual
               | environments it to remove that brutality. We have a
               | dramatic shortage of young people who are interested in
               | learning how to wrangle with mother nature OS rather than
               | computer OS.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | When I did IT in manufacturing, we outsourced most of the
               | 'understand how to actually make things' tooling type
               | people jobs. We didn't need them full time and could get
               | way better experts via outsourcing than we could hire.
               | 
               | What we needed were wage slaves paid low enough to make
               | the economics work, even in our small town without many
               | employers that was the tricky bit. Especially every year
               | when health insurance premiums went up. You want to help
               | American manufacturing, move healthcare costs off their
               | back and to the government.
        
               | UncleEntity wrote:
               | We manufacture plenty of stuff in the good ol' USA, what
               | we struggle with is manufacturing cheap things which
               | require large labor input.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Maybe we should just skip directly to 3D printing? Wood
             | shop probably isn't the place to start, but there is a
             | starting point for kids somewhere.
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | No, this doesn't solve the right problem.
               | 
               | We bees to put injection molding machines in schools, CNC
               | machines cutting the tooling, teach people how to make
               | real things in real factories with realistic costs.
               | 
               | This is the expertise that left these shores 20 years
               | ago. Tooling manufacturing, automation, semiconductor
               | etc.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | 3D is heavily used in China as well for small scale
               | manufacturing and prototyping. It is a good place to
               | start for middle or high school kids, and is pretty
               | accessible and rather safe
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | MythBusters-types of people can only exist in a country
               | with garages and residential suburbs.
               | 
               | I think what most changed music and mechanics was the
               | transition from suburbia to flatsharing in the city
               | centers.
        
               | pdmccormick wrote:
               | Not to mention intact families where parents had
               | sufficient discretionary time (i.e. jobs that paid the
               | bills with reasonable weekly hours) and a culture of
               | prioritizing passing down knowledge to children and
               | creating spaces in the home for them to pursue their
               | individual interests and talents. People are not just
               | atomized economic units.
        
               | alnwlsn wrote:
               | I'm afraid we have far more basic problems than that -
               | illiteracy in their fingers. We have people who can't use
               | a knife or scissors, let alone a power tool.
               | 
               | 3D printing is an excellent introduction to just making
               | an actual object in the real world. It's cheap and
               | accessible, and has obvious design limitations to fall
               | into and learn from. The step from 3D printing to full
               | CNC is a lot less than the step from nothing to 3D
               | printing.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | The idea isn't to teach working with wood necessarily,
               | the idea is to teach how to handle the myriad common
               | problems that crop up when dealing with physical
               | manufacturing.
               | 
               | 3D printing would be good too, because on the surface
               | it's just "model -> filament -> extruder -> built". But
               | as anyone who has done 3D printing knows, it's constantly
               | fighting 20 different parameters to try and coax your
               | print to actually work out well. And even when you have
               | it nailed down there are still 20 different things that
               | can randomly sabotage it. And even with all that
               | accounted for you still sometimes get off prints.
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | Not just that - the idea is to give students a taste of
               | what it's like to make things with their hands. 3D
               | printing is cool too, but it's much less hands-on.
        
             | supportengineer wrote:
             | As an 8th grader, we had multiple years of wood shop, but
             | that was in the late 1980's.
        
           | whoisyc wrote:
           | In Factorio you throw iron ore in an electric furnace and it
           | turns into iron plates. In reality you need coal or coke or
           | charcoal to reduce iron to its metal form. Steelmaking is one
           | of the largest single source of CO2 for a reason.
           | 
           | This is just one example among many. The truth is every
           | single facet of industrial production is incredibly complex
           | and there does not exist a single video game that captures
           | all the nuance. Period. Factorio abstracted away all the
           | boring details of industrial production and that is why it is
           | good entertainment. But it's still just entertainment. To
           | think someone would become knowledge about industrial
           | production because he played Factorio is like thinking
           | someone is a good driver because he played Mario Kart.
        
           | beefnugs wrote:
           | Thats the most dangerous thing to turn kids into. They want
           | them dumb and barely powered drill capable.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | It's more than that, we've simultaneously allowed for
         | monopolization and rollup of wholesale markets. So in context
         | of the story, the US manufacturer is in a squeeze play between
         | supply cost escalations through the Trump tax regime, and the
         | on the demand side with the big retailers like Kroger and
         | Walmart.
         | 
         | The "made in USA" stuff is bullshit, the policy people DNGAF.
         | The people actually making stuff are screwed. This about about
         | shifting taxation from income and capital gains to consumption.
        
           | strict9 wrote:
           | I agree with most of that.
           | 
           | But companies have been incentivized to offshore production
           | for decades. In many cases policy decisions have immensely
           | rewarded them for doing so.
           | 
           | The end result is those countries (mainly China) have grown
           | into infinite scaling machines. It probably won't unwind any
           | time soon.
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | And in China retail/consumption is not nearly as
           | consolidated/monopolistic as it is in the US.
        
           | jimt1234 wrote:
           | Agree, especially with the BS of "Made in the USA". Consumers
           | really don't care; they just want the most bang for their
           | buck. Period.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | I look for it and will pay a fair premium. "Assembled in
             | USA" is hot garbage though.
        
         | looofooo0 wrote:
         | Turns out China buys Iranian oil, China makes cheap products
         | out of this oil. China builds lots of new cheap coal plants,
         | west fades theirs out but moves part of their production to
         | China.. etc.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | Use of coal in Chinese energy production is not growing,
           | peaked in 2013 according to their stats. They are also
           | building massive solar and nuclear capacity.
           | 
           | But anyway, half of all global coal production is consumed in
           | China. I hope they will manage to get rid of coal in the next
           | 20 years.
        
         | parineum wrote:
         | > China's advantage is always communicated as cheap labor but
         | it's also the ability to almost infinitely scale production
         | lines in a short period of time. America has mostly lost the
         | muscle memory and tooling to do this.
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | >There are incentives that would benefit domestic producers and
         | companies but those take time and don't make good soundbites
         | for politicians.
         | 
         | I heard a very compelling argument (at least to me), that the
         | difference, as you say, isn't the labor. The labor cost
         | difference is something like 5% in the China vs 8% in the US.
         | The difference is ramp up time. If you have a product ready to
         | be built, you can get it to market much faster manufacturing in
         | China than the US.
         | 
         | As an example, the Tesla Gigafactory in Nevada took about 2
         | years (June 2014-July 2015)[1]
         | 
         | Tesla Gigafactory in China took 168 days to construct (January
         | 2019-October 2019)[1]
         | 
         | The cost of the factory construction, materials and labor,
         | isn't the biggest loss when deciding where to build your
         | factory. The biggest cost is the opportunity cost of not
         | manufacturing your product for 15 months and the potential of
         | losing any first to market advantage if you have competition.
         | 
         | The time to get your product to market, especially if you're a
         | new company with no income operating on investor money, the
         | time spent trying to manufacture in the US can sink your
         | company. The cost difference is much more manageable and,
         | depending of the product, can often times be overcome by the
         | price of shipping.
         | 
         | [1] https://manufacturingdigital.com/digital-factory/timeline-
         | te...
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > The labor cost difference is something like 5% in the China
           | vs 8% in the US.
           | 
           | Those percentages don't make sense to me. 5% and 8% of what?
           | Final assembly? Labor costs are also built into all material
           | costs in the supply chain.
        
           | dmurray wrote:
           | I don't know if you're wrong in general, but your dates for
           | the factory construction show 9 months in China vs 13 months
           | in the US, not the 5 months vs two years you claim.
        
             | usui wrote:
             | Based off the cited article, it was a typo and it's
             | supposed to be "July 2016", not "July 2015".
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | There's an attitude shift, too. US manufacturing is stuck in
           | the past. If you want to build a widget, you want it
           | finished, welded assembled and painted. you've got to do a
           | bunch of work and take it to four different places before
           | you're done. China's got a one stop shop attitude to get your
           | widget made. https://www.tiktok.com/t/ZTjEVB5p2/
        
         | nooron wrote:
         | I think it is worth mentioning how much more cheap capital is
         | available for manufacturing. Chinese state policy--- monetary,
         | fiscal, and social--- pushes up the savings rate, enormously
         | lowering consumption, while restricting the range of consumer
         | financial products. That puts more savings in state banks and
         | keeps interest rates low.
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | This has come up at the expense of their own consumption
           | however, and a reliance on exports instead. Thankfully China
           | has been focusing on diversifying their export markets along
           | with increasing internal consumption in the last decade.
        
             | nooron wrote:
             | Thank you for raising that point. I would love any
             | recommendations you have to learn more about internal
             | consumption shifts in the last decade.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | There are the obvious explicit government initiatives to
               | boost consumption, but they've also made some strides in
               | reducing goods and luxury taxes. An Apple iPhone used to
               | be 20-40% more in China (it is technically imported
               | because it is made in an SEZ), but they are only priced
               | at slightly higher than the states now. Cars used to be a
               | huge splurge but cheap EVs are affordable by anyone with
               | an OK job now (although you might not be able to park it
               | if you live in a big city). On my trip a couple of months
               | ago, the malls were booming in a way that I didn't see in
               | 2016 when I left China.
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | China's biggest advantage wasn't just the ability to scale
         | (which means available labor), but also having entire supply
         | chains in relative proximity, tons of small manufacturers
         | making all the little parts needed, all located in southern
         | China.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | That's a bit less true than it used to be. Shenzhen
           | supposedly used to work that way. When some small factory ran
           | out of capacitors in board assembly, they'd send a runner to
           | Huaqiangbei for another reel. But now ordering has mostly
           | moved online. There's less of a role for all those tiny
           | stalls stocking components.
           | 
           | That just cuts out a layer in the distribution chain. The
           | part you want is probably manufactured not too far away.
           | 
           | The US used to have manufacturing cities where you could get
           | everything you needed in specific industries. There was the
           | New York City garment district for clothes. Mary Quant,
           | inventor of the miniskirt, writes in her autobiography,
           | "Quant by Quant", about her first visit to New York with a
           | native guide. She was getting things set up for manufacturing
           | in days instead of the months it took in the UK.
           | 
           | Detroit had cars, of course. Most of the auto parts suppliers
           | were nearby. Now, the US auto industry is very spread out.
           | "Trenton Makes, the World Takes" is still on a huge sign in
           | Trenton, NJ., but it's more nostalgia then reality.
           | Waterbury, Connecticut had watch manufacturers and other
           | mechanical precision devices.
           | 
           | Those centers of industry are mostly gone. Even Hollywood is
           | in troublel
        
         | kylebenzle wrote:
         | This take and the article get it utterly wrong. The ONLY real
         | headline is, "Americans have gotten so used to free money they
         | can no longer even imagine producing anything and selling it at
         | a reasonable price".
         | 
         | I'm a small farmer and can sell my garlic all day for $1 a
         | bulb. But it's A LOT of work. If I bump the price to $5 less
         | people buy but that doesn't mean I get to give up and say, "oh
         | well, can't produce in America I guess... "
         | 
         | Lol, Americans :(
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | Cheap labor is the key in that scaling, though? Human labor is
         | still far more flexible than anything else that we have. And a
         | big part of that flexibility is how cheaply you can turn it
         | off. There is a reason seasonal employment is a thing.
        
           | leviathant wrote:
           | I live in Philadelphia. We had a lot of manufacturing here,
           | but most of that vacated the city center in the 1970s and
           | 1980s. I recently was doing some research into urban renewal
           | around my neighborhood, and found a paper about the city's
           | efforts to address a concentrated population of perpetually
           | drunk homeless men, mostly centered in my neighborhood,
           | mostly squatting in abandoned buildings or living in
           | flophouses. The city's approach was effectively to remove
           | them and spread them out - and bulldoze the neighborhood to
           | make way for a federally funded highway, now I-95. A lot of
           | manufacturing businesses just called it quits - the owners
           | had made their money on the backs of cheap labor and hadn't
           | really set up any kind of succession plan, but could retire
           | comfortably. Others moved, mostly out of the city, and by the
           | 90s, that labor was moving overseas.
           | 
           | And that's why I don't really foresee that kind of
           | manufacturing coming back here. In order to survive the race-
           | to-the-bottom pricing that the majority of Americans crave,
           | you need a large labor force that will accept some form of
           | sub-par living conditions. But if you can't earn a living
           | wage, you can't afford to participate in the economy in a way
           | that supports the manufacturing, and then you're back to
           | those mid-century slums.
           | 
           | I'm dramatically oversimplifying things, my main point here
           | is, I didn't really put together how much of early 20th
           | century American manufacturing relied on chronically drunk
           | homeless men.
        
             | mixmastamyk wrote:
             | Were the drunk/hl folks the ones working in the factory?
             | Doesn't sound practical.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | The assertion is that during times of high work, you have
               | far fewer of them drinking. Pair that with low cost
               | worker tenements and you are able to scale up manual
               | tasks much more rapidly than what you see in most US
               | locations nowadays.
        
               | dsr_ wrote:
               | From the 1500s through 1930 or so, in any place you could
               | see working men, you could see drunk ones.
               | 
               | From 1930 through 1970, it was less common but just as
               | tolerated.
               | 
               | MADD did what Prohibition could not.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | selt driving cars ftw?
        
             | bluefirebrand wrote:
             | > In order to survive the race-to-the-bottom pricing that
             | the majority of Americans crave
             | 
             | I do wonder if this is an inherent "craving" or just tied
             | to the reality that Americans cannot really afford things
             | anymore
             | 
             | The middle class being eaten means that most people have
             | much less discretionary spending, so every single purchase
             | must be a bargain
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | It is less a craving and more just a general response to
               | availability? It isn't that people have a craving to
               | spend less on things. But, if something is readily
               | available for less, why would you pay more? Indeed, would
               | you expect people to pay more for your goods, if someone
               | else has equivalent goods for cheaper? Why?
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | > someone else has equivalent goods for cheaper
               | 
               | They are never actually equivalent goods though
               | 
               | They are cheaper goods
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Maybe? Clothing is a big counter to your claim here. As
               | is anything that can be reliably machined.
               | 
               | Yes, there is "cheap" clothing. No, the more expensive
               | clothing isn't necessarily better. A bog standard t-shirt
               | is a bog standard t-shirt. With a minimum of quality
               | control, and anything on top of that is not adding to the
               | utility of it.
               | 
               | The machining revolution really hurts a lot of the idea
               | that labor in is indicative of quality.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Not necessarily, but it's total shit when you buy a
               | t-shirt and it unravels after only wearing it a few
               | times. That QC doesn't always happen is what's the
               | problem, so buying the cheapest isn't wise.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I mean... sure? Has that been happening for you? I have
               | had some shirts that didn't last as long as others.
               | Oddly, I don't think they are the ones I paid the least
               | for.
        
               | CrimsonCape wrote:
               | As a counterexample, some casual googling about cotton
               | suggests that there is an ideal workflow which will
               | result in superior cotton fibers before harvesting. Here
               | is a quote from the conclusion section of the linked
               | article:
               | 
               | "Cotton fiber quality is shaped by a mix of genetics,
               | growing conditions, and field management techniques.
               | High-grade cotton relies on precise measurements of fiber
               | length, strength, and micronaire, along with maintaining
               | proper color and cleanliness throughout its growth. These
               | elements play a key role in determining processing
               | efficiency and market value across the supply chain."
               | 
               | At the most basic, if one farmer harvests his cotton with
               | no consideration of the above issues, whereas another
               | farmer carefully studies, prepares, tests, etc based on
               | the above considerations, wouldn't there be added value
               | and added cost of production?
               | 
               | I personally believe that in a past era, farmers
               | intuitively learned these factors and competed with each
               | other to make their best harvests, and the bog standard
               | t-shirt got a quality buff as a fringe benefit.
               | 
               | Whereas nowadays, the farmer has to drop quality for
               | quantity to compete with digitally-connected markets.
               | 
               | https://cottongins.org/blog/ultimate-guide-to-cotton-
               | fiber-q...
        
               | h2zizzle wrote:
               | It's the second thing. Americans are proud to pay for
               | things they can afford. They look down on people who
               | aren't paying their "fair share." For example, music and
               | movie piracy was never the domain of the average
               | consumer; it's mostly been for broke young people and
               | enthusiasts who don't like DRM and the limits it puts on
               | use. And part of the reason for _that_ is that Spotify
               | and Netflix et al. made it possible to continue consuming
               | "respectably". If physical media were still the norm,
               | piracy would be rampant, but not because Americans tend
               | towards it naturally; bevause they would have been pushed
               | toward it by the imperative consume wedded with the
               | inability to pay.
               | 
               | A lot of dumb "just so" tales in economics are willful
               | miscategorization of desperation as choice.
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | > A lot of dumb "just so" tales in economics are willful
               | miscategorization of desperation as choice
               | 
               | This is a great way of describing it, I like it
               | 
               | Incidentally, I'm starting a new business model to
               | capture this market opportunity, I call it "DAAS",
               | desperation as a service
               | 
               | It's where people pay me their excess money and get
               | nothing in return, increasing their desperation
        
               | dmonitor wrote:
               | If you adjusted your business model to make _other_
               | people miserable, you can sell yourself as a marketing
               | agency
        
               | UncleEntity wrote:
               | > It's where people pay me their excess money and get
               | nothing in return, increasing their desperation
               | 
               | Wait, isn't that called 'campaign finance'?
               | 
               | The problem with competing with entrenched market
               | interests is they can use their economic advantages to
               | make the market impossible for newcomers to enter leading
               | to _de facto_ monopolies.
        
             | api wrote:
             | Everything in economics is a paradox because everything is
             | two sided, often with yourself on more than one side.
             | 
             | Selling your labor? You want high wages, unions, worker
             | protection laws, etc.
             | 
             | Buying something? Now you want to cut wages and bust
             | unions, at least if you tend to choose the cheaper item.
        
             | downrightmike wrote:
             | The anecdote that I heard was about GM, They'd have two
             | guys doing two jobs on the same line, one of them would go
             | off drinking for the day and the other guy just did both
             | jobs half-assed, then they would switch the next day.
        
             | mymythisisthis wrote:
             | The Canadian movie Goin' Down the Road (1970), is related
             | to this. It's fictional, but seemed to capture the less
             | rosy aspects of that time.
        
             | gnopgnip wrote:
             | There are roughly half as many employed in manufacturing
             | compared to 25 years ago. The declining trend started
             | before this. At the same time American manufacturing output
             | is at an all time high, measured in dollars. Wages are up.
             | There are more jobs for things like mechanical engineers
             | and millrights, fewer in packaging and assembly.
        
         | themaninthedark wrote:
         | It's not just cheap labor. It's labor that is abused, sometimes
         | enslaved.
         | 
         | It's also lack of environmental regulation adherence. China has
         | environmental regulations but they don't always demand
         | compliance. I read about companies paying for scrubbers to be
         | installed in factories and when a team comes to take a tour,
         | still with original filters and low run hours.
        
           | lesuorac wrote:
           | Labor is like 8% of the price of a car. That's not the
           | difference between 25k and 65k.
           | 
           | While China does have an advantage over northern states in
           | labor prices it's not why it's so cheap.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | That 8% is only if you include the labor costs of final
             | assembly at the GM plant. But their inputs also were built
             | by labor. GM buys turbochargers not out of thin air, but
             | from Garrett Motion inc., in Plymouth Michigan, who also
             | has sizeable labor costs. Repeat not just for
             | turbochargers, but for the rest of GM's input supply line.
             | If you include only their direct suppliers, the cost of a
             | new car that goes to human wages is about 30-40%.
             | 
             | Chinese turbocharger suppliers have lower labor costs and
             | therefore BYD, Changan, Great Wall and others have more
             | pricing power vs GM and Ford products.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Is BYD using turbochargers in their electric cars?
        
               | ponector wrote:
               | Your comment would be funny if not only half of BYD
               | vehicles are fully electric.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Yes, their song, tang, han, and shark models are all
               | turbocharged.
               | 
               | But my broader point is that their entire supply chain is
               | comprised of lower labor cost inputs. Whether it be the
               | EV batteries, the windshield, or the air valve in each of
               | the four tires.
        
             | Yeul wrote:
             | Maybe Americans could build cars that people living in Asia
             | actually want? Hint someone in Jakarta doesn't want a 40k
             | pick-up truck.
             | 
             | Tangentially related China is located in the region with
             | largest economic growth. Power is shifting from Europe and
             | North America.
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | Counterpoint: cost of living is ridiculously cheaper in China
           | vs. USA. Workers can be paid 3x less and still have a better
           | QoL. It's a vastly more efficient economy in terms of human
           | capital.
           | 
           | Counterpoint: China is the undisputed leader in renewable
           | energy technology, including battery storage. I don't think
           | they are doing it purely for environmental reasons, but they
           | are doing it.
        
             | darth_avocado wrote:
             | I agree. A lot of modern trade for the US is built around
             | arbitrage on purchasing power. If all else costs the same,
             | and you have to decide whether to pay someone $2 per hour
             | to do it or $20, $2 always wins unless shipping it over is
             | more expensive than the difference, which almost always
             | isn't.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | Average salary in China has gone up quite a bit. It might
               | be 1/3 but it's not $2.
               | 
               | I had a friend move his factory to China because the
               | packaging and other costs were so much cheaper. I wish
               | I'd asked for a breakdown. He didn't factor in/expect
               | wages to be much of a savings.
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | I just pulled a random number but what I intended to say
               | is that as long as differences in purchasing power exist
               | and the dollar is the stronger currency, trade will move
               | to where your dollar has more purchasing power for labor,
               | as long as moving the finished goods back to the US isn't
               | prohibitively expensive.
        
           | throw734785 wrote:
           | That is rich from Americans, who exploit illegal immigrants
           | for cheap labour!
        
             | DontchaKnowit wrote:
             | Who said OP was american.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | > It's labor that is abused, sometimes enslaved
           | 
           | Sounds like average American gig worker.
        
         | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
         | No. The "cheap labor" myth needs to die quickly.
         | 
         | China's advantage is, and always will be, that the costs of
         | labor in US are bloated by a huge amount of overhead for every
         | working resident
         | 
         | In 2023, the BLS reported that benefits alone accounted for
         | about 31% of total compensation, with wages and salaries
         | comprising the remaining 69%. [1] This 31% includes direct
         | costs like health insurance, retirement contributions, and paid
         | leave.
         | 
         | Now in addition, consider employer-paid expenses that are not
         | benefits or employee compensation: FICA, FUTA, SUID, SDI, FMLA,
         | etc. That depends on your geography, but it can be up to 25-40%
         | additional costs [2]
         | 
         | The all-in cost is at least 35% or more in additional spend [3]
         | 
         | In addition, none of the above capture indirect costs of
         | compliance/overhead, with varied state and federal schemes.
         | 
         | As you can see, we are at a range of ~35-50% of additional
         | costs for each new hire
         | 
         | Now, importantly, try to imagine the effect of this bloat at a
         | national level: Every US business is effectively carrying
         | deadweight of additional ~35-50% costs on its pricing decisions
         | to its customers. Why? Because the bloat is embedded into every
         | domestic input, like raw materials, services, utilities, you
         | name it. This cost spike may impact a few foreign industries
         | dependent on US inputs, but it certainly explodes over US
         | shores, spiking prices of the inputs that most US producers
         | depend for their final goods and services. Now think of what
         | happens to domestic costs of doing business and operating a
         | physical business in US.
         | 
         | So when your cost of production have additional ~35-50%
         | overhead because of all sort of market-distorting mechanisms,
         | blaming china for "cheap labor" is a convenient scapegoat, when
         | in reality the blame should be on US policy of making our jobs
         | artificially expensive.... to fund the state bloat.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.bluedotcorp.com/blog/2023-trend-the-rising-
         | price...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.sba.gov/blog/how-much-does-employee-cost-you
         | 
         | [3] https://www.footholdamerica.com/blog/what-is-the-real-
         | cost-o...
        
           | cyanydeez wrote:
           | gosh, if only someone would think of the small business
           | owners.
        
           | yaky wrote:
           | Calling health insurance, retirement and paid leave "bloat"
           | sounds like a satire of a 19th century factory/mine/sweatshop
           | owner. Wow.
        
             | fakedang wrote:
             | The fact that these are not covered by your taxes is even
             | more satirical. Instead they're paying for escapades in the
             | Middle East.
        
             | _DeadFred_ wrote:
             | It is crazy that the current pro-capitalists are totally
             | fine publicly saying they are psychopaths. But it's OK
             | because money.
        
               | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
               | The chinese eat the lunch of the working and neediest
               | americans, who see their jobs being exported abroad,
               | because of a huge, elite bureaucratic deadweight DC class
               | that was paid to allow regulatory capture, while enjoying
               | sucking US treasure that funded their benefits and
               | retirement.
               | 
               | Who's the psychopath ?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Tim Cook. He invested $55 billion per year into China,
               | dwarfing both the Marshal Plan and the CHIPS act.
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/15/books/review/apple-in-
               | chi...
        
             | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
             | OK. In that case lets not use "bloat", and instead just
             | call it the biggest subsidy for the middle and upper
             | classes, coming from the backs of the unemployed, lower
             | class
             | 
             | Guess who's uninsured? Its not the META employee with
             | fertility benefits.
             | 
             | Satire is whomever cannot see why Trump would be voted by
             | the working class: whomever thinks the status quo was to
             | the benefit of the lower, blue collar class... while the
             | middle and upper class ride their (untouchable) govt
             | benefits (SSN) to a secure retirement because the elite
             | class has a secure bureaucratic job (while the lower
             | classes struggle to find 1 part time job).
             | 
             | Meanwhile, the chinese eat the lunch of the working class
             | who see their jobs being exported abroad, because no
             | employer wants to pay for subsidies/retirement/salaries of
             | an elite bureaucratic deadweight class (that makes the
             | rules for themselves, and forgets the neediest).
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Some of it is China's willingness to make big capital
           | investments. My wife was shocked at the low price of beech
           | mushrooms at Ren's Market and I found out these are grown in
           | a huge factory in China where they are very proud that they
           | only have to handle the mushrooms with a forklift. Contrast
           | that to those white button _Agricus_ mushrooms each of which
           | is cut out from the mycelium individually with a knife.
           | 
           | The good news is that they're building one here
           | 
           | https://finc-sh.com/tag/new/
           | 
           | When you look at solar panels and lithium batteries their
           | biggest advantage is that they invest in large scale heavily
           | automated factories. For really labor intensive and low value
           | things like those dog beds Chinese labor is already too
           | expensive and production is going to places like Bangladesh.
        
             | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
             | We have plenty of capital here. Far more than China.
             | 
             | The problem is the capital cannot be put to good use here.
             | Either because (1) there's too much uncertainty around
             | project progress (think oil pipelines stuck for decades in
             | permitting limbo), or (2) the ROI doesn't work when you pay
             | insanely high bloated compliance costs of hiring US staff.
             | 
             | Even our sky high productivity cannot overcome the large
             | lard deadweight each of us has to carry, on behalf of the
             | elite class
             | 
             | I remember a time when every product sold around the world
             | carried the "MADE IN USA" brand. It included random
             | trinkets.
             | 
             | That would come back quickly, if we all decided we had
             | enough of antiwork laws, enough with all the deadweight,
             | and focused on building instead of regulating.
        
           | KoolKat23 wrote:
           | Your job is not artificially expensive.
           | 
           | In China it is naturally cheap, they have humongous super
           | advanced vertical and horizontal supply chains at their
           | doorstep.
           | 
           | Need plentiful, cheap three phase electricity? - check. Need
           | some obscure part at scale and immediately?- check. Need
           | advanced engineering? - check. etc. etc.
           | 
           | It's at the point where for many industries the risk/reward
           | just do not make any sense at all (it'll just be loss making
           | no matter how you spin it, government supports etc).
        
           | specialist wrote:
           | USA's workers directly fund our safety net (such as it is)
           | and public health.
           | 
           | Who pays for all that stuff in China?
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | No. It won't ever go away till socialism is evenly distributed.
         | 
         | You won't get made in the USA as unless you're determined to
         | have subclasses of citizens.
        
       | misterbishop wrote:
       | This headline is a lie. It's not a matter of being "too expensive
       | for customers", it's a matter of undesirable profit margin for
       | the company.
        
       | thotghig5896 wrote:
       | Duh.
       | 
       | All the economic dimwits (both on the left and right) who
       | constantly harp that real wages have been falling, don't take
       | into account the steep fall in prices of consumer goods due to
       | offshoring.
       | 
       | Ofc. this does mean that US becomes the world's "bitch"
       | eventually following the economics of things, but the alternative
       | is essentially becoming Soviet Union or Argentina.
        
         | thotghig5896 wrote:
         | I prefer option 1. the world's policeman being a public servant
         | instead of the feudal warlord that we currently seem to have.
        
         | selectodude wrote:
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LES1252881600Q
         | 
         | Real wages haven't fallen at all. We're far wealthier in real
         | terms now than ever before.
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | People complaining about real wages are for the most part
           | just out of date. Your data shows about a 0.9% growth
           | compounded per year over the last 10 years - and a 0.17%
           | growth compounded per year over the 35 years before that. The
           | numbers were effectively stagnant for my entire childhood and
           | adolescence. (I'm Canadian, but I imagine the picture has the
           | same basic shape here.)
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Probably the most annoying thing about conversations on this
         | topic is peoples ignorance or inability to acknowledge the
         | insane availability of so much stuff are such low prices.
         | 
         | A typical persons load out went from personal possessions that
         | could fit in a microwave sized box to personal possessions that
         | overflow the bedroom and living room of their apartment.
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | > don't take into account the steep fall in prices of consumer
         | goods due to offshoring.
         | 
         | The definition of "real wages" takes this into account -
         | because they are indexed by the consumer price index, which
         | tracks the prices of consumer goods.
         | 
         | Some goods have dramatically fallen in price (especially if one
         | takes the so-called "hedonic adjustments" into consideration,
         | i.e. attempts to price increasingly more powerful computers and
         | visually impressive TV displays on a continuous spectrum over
         | time). Others have dramatically risen. "Consumer goods" include
         | things like food
         | (https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumer-goods.asp), and
         | certainly cars have also been more expensive of late.
         | 
         | The cost of, say, housing is also clearly not experiencing a
         | "steep fall due to offshoring".
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | There is a mattress company called Tuft and Needle. They started
       | right at the early beginning of the mattress-in-a-box trend, but
       | offered a unique product. For the first six months of operation,
       | they made a Japanese-inspired cotton mattress filled with wool
       | batting and was made in the USA. Before I had a chance to order
       | one though, they had already pivoted away from that unique
       | product (that doesn't exist even today) and were dropshipping the
       | same generic PU foam mattresses made in China as everyone else,
       | with very little change to their website even. I was sad
        
         | ArtemZ wrote:
         | Have you looked at Avocado mattresses? They state they make
         | them in California.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | I have. Definitely one of the better options out there. I
           | recently got a mygreenmattress which are latex and made in
           | Chicago. Still would like a wool one.
           | 
           | Everyone already knows this but the mattress industry is
           | absurdly opaque and most reviews are fake
        
         | justonceokay wrote:
         | T&N has such a great product but it was one of those things
         | that failed because the innovation/disruption had no market.
         | 
         | I personally believe that the Japanese futon mat is the
         | healthiest way to sleep, and after you get used to it even
         | extra-firm mattresses are soupy and uncomfortable. Downside
         | though is that it is very difficult to be comfortable on if you
         | are significantly overweight, and it's a pretty hard sell for
         | couples unless they are both bought into the idea beforehand.
         | 
         | From my personal experience of sleeping on one for the last
         | decade, not having a bed with a mattress on it is beyond the
         | pale. I have a nice townhome that is well decorated. But when
         | people see my bed, they assume I have a health issue, some kind
         | of homelessness trauma, I'm a weeb (definitely not), or that
         | I'm too poor to own a bed. They assume that they could never be
         | comfortable on it, as a pillowy mattress on a high frame is
         | associated in people's minds with high luxury, angels with
         | harps, royalty, and sexual intrigue. Sleeping on a mat on the
         | floor is associated with camping, homelessness, destitution,
         | and failure.
         | 
         | To each their own I guess
        
           | mymythisisthis wrote:
           | I think not only has manufacturing gone away, as well as the
           | supply chain, but also choice. The moment you want something
           | slightly different than what is sold in the typical big box
           | stores, it's either non-existent, or costs a fortune.
        
         | y-c-o-m-b wrote:
         | We bought one and it lasted almost exactly 10 years. When it
         | came time to replace it, I was also sad to discover that it was
         | a short-lived item and they moved on to something else. We
         | ended up going with Sleep Number because that was the firmest
         | mattress I could find delivered to me in a reasonable amount of
         | time.
        
         | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
         | AFAIK Nolah mattresses are made in Arizona
         | 
         | https://nolahsleep.com/pages/about-us
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Decades of private equity/vulture capital shipping overseas has
       | allowed for other countries to overtake the USA.
       | 
       | It all boils down to awful pseudoscience pushed by
       | Reaganomics/trickle down economic theory. This pseudoscience has
       | been used to write policy in this country which has only
       | benefited the ultra wealthy.
        
       | ajuc wrote:
       | For any given thing produced abroad USA could produce it
       | domestically. But you simply cannot produce ALL the things
       | domestically.
       | 
       | Population matters. There's not enough Americans, not even going
       | into how many want to work a blue-collar job and how much you'd
       | have to pay them.
        
       | jayd16 wrote:
       | It's so frustrating that policies to subsidized growth in a
       | targeted way (paid for by our progressive tax system) are ignored
       | and we're stuck with these wide impact regressive policies. As
       | described they're poor policy, and as implemented they're simply
       | a tool for shake downs.
        
       | jimt1234 wrote:
       | So, what I get from the article is that all US business is
       | initiated by Shark Tank? LOL
        
       | dardeaup wrote:
       | In my opinion, the following are additional factors that are
       | often overlooked when discussing the competitiveness of USA
       | manufacturing:                   1) OSHA - if you have more than
       | 10 employees, you're subject to OSHA regulations. Do other
       | countries have comparable regulations for keeping their workers
       | safe and healthy?         2) Decline of shop classes -
       | shop/industrial classes used to be widespread in high schools.
       | Not as much these days. Why?         3) Litigious society - our
       | society is quick to sue and the legal standard used in civil
       | trials is "more likely than not".         4) Drug addictions -
       | look at any job posting for manufacturing, labor, construction,
       | etc. and you'll see mention about drug screening.         5) Fat,
       | dumb, and happy society - we care more about Super Bowl Sunday,
       | Hollywood, reality shows, etc. On average, we're lazy and care
       | more about being entertained.
        
         | telesilla wrote:
         | >5) Fat, dumb, and happy society - we care more about Super
         | Bowl Sunday, Hollywood, reality shows, etc. On average, we're
         | lazy and care more about being entertained.
         | 
         | Respectfully, people care about supporting their families,
         | having health care coverage, paying off their student loans,
         | having a safe job that they can get to easily and cheaply and
         | have general good work conditions. The first 4 points may be
         | true, but the 5th point is an unfair characterisation.
        
         | delusional wrote:
         | Ok, I'll bite. What would be some solutions to these supposed
         | factors? What policy are you suggesting?
         | 
         | I notice that these "additional factors" happen to align with
         | right wing politics, which implies to me that you may be
         | smuggeling something in along with these "additional factors" I
         | should also consider.
         | 
         | "Consider that working people may just be lazy drug addicts,
         | and why do you care about their workplace safety?" Is not
         | really something I want to consider.
        
           | dardeaup wrote:
           | You read more into my comments than you should have. I'll
           | expand on my points:                   1) OSHA - I'm
           | delighted and proud that we have OSHA! OSHA regulations have
           | saved lives and prevented serious accidents/sicknesses and
           | continue to do so. Does Vietnam, China, India, etc. have
           | comparable regulations? I don't know the answer to this
           | question, but my guess is largely 'no'. There is a cost
           | associated with OSHA compliance and it's worth it. Is it ok
           | that a factory worker is killed or maimed in some other
           | country for your low prices?         2) Decline of shop
           | classes - I don't know why they're not as prevalent as they
           | used to be. To be honest, a shop class of 2025 should not
           | look the same as a shop class of 1970. In my opinion, a
           | modern shop/industrial class would include robotics, 3D
           | printing, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), etc. I
           | honestly don't see how anyone would consider this to be a bad
           | thing.         3) Litigious society - I'm not passing
           | judgement, just calling it like I see it. Many lawsuits are
           | deserved and many likely result in better processes and
           | procedures. I don't have an axe to grind, just stating that
           | the US probably has more lawsuits and judgements than most
           | other countries.         4) Drug addictions - I don't think
           | that drug addictions are good for anyone. I know that this is
           | a very complicated topic. I'm just pointing out that it may
           | be more difficult to hire manufacturing workers in the US who
           | don't use illegal drugs than in other countries.         5)
           | Fat, dumb, and happy society - I'm just calling it as I see
           | it. A huge part is because as a country we don't eat healthy
           | enough and get enough exercise. Look at the skyrocketing
           | cases of diabetes. It's a huge problem. Dumb because it seems
           | we continue watering down our schools to make it easier for
           | kids to get through.
           | 
           | If you read everything I wrote above, please tell me where
           | I'm right-wing or left-wing. Of the 5 factors I listed, the
           | only one that I would advocate for a policy change is (2). I
           | would like to see broad funding for shop/industrial classes
           | in high schools throughout the country. Again, these shops
           | would not look like they did in 1970, although they would
           | likely still have some of the same tools. However, they would
           | also have modernized, high-tech ones like robotics, 3D
           | printing, etc.
           | 
           | Where am I so off-base? Where did I make value judgements
           | (aside from fat, dumb, lazy one) about Americans? Am I
           | promoting some right-wing agenda with my comments? I believe
           | that these are honest points that should be discussed and
           | debated.
        
             | mymythisisthis wrote:
             | I've been thinking about the decline of shop classes. It
             | would be nice if schools just had more stuff; basic proper
             | calipers and micrometers, 3D printers, vinyl cutting
             | machines, fountain pens, Rubik's Cubes, etc.. Somehow the
             | trend of cheap goods just didn't make it to the classroom
             | for whatever reason.
        
       | jjangkke wrote:
       | People point to China's 'cheap labor' but this downplays why this
       | is only possible under its political system and the tremendous
       | human cost involved.
       | 
       | Rather the framing shouldn't be whether its too expensive or
       | cheap but why so many people are willing to arbitrage industrial
       | scale abuse of human labor only possible under an authoritarian
       | regime and then virtue signal about anything else.
       | 
       | Even more puzzling to me is why nobody is making the connection
       | between the dilution of US dollar value via exporting inflation
       | that props up totalitarian regimes and its growing reliance on it
       | to make things its people want to feel they are above others.
       | 
       | They tried Made in the US but customers found it too morally
       | expensive to care as to why making it outside the US is cheaper
       | especially in China.
        
         | Joker_vD wrote:
         | > industrial scale abuse of human labor only possible under an
         | authoritarian regime
         | 
         | Taylorism definitely originated in the US, and the modern
         | Amazon's worker-related practices (in the US) are direct
         | descendants of it. So while democratic regime makes industrial-
         | scale abuse of human labour harder, it absolutely doesn't
         | preclude it.
        
       | thaack wrote:
       | My family runs a small plastic (injection molding) business in
       | the USA. Second, soon to be third generation.
       | 
       | The only reason it still exists is because the products made are
       | too expensive to ship from a country with cheaper labor as they
       | are pretty large and heavy. And it's quite a niche
       | product/vertical.
       | 
       | The biggest problem that the business faces on a day-to-day basis
       | is employees. It's a very low skill manufacturing job. You pull
       | parts out of the mold. The pay is good for a large midwestern
       | MCOL city, plus full health benefits (employees don't pay a
       | cent). It is downright impossible to find and retain reliable
       | employees. The job sucks. I worked there when I was younger
       | helping out and you do the same thing every minute for 8 hours a
       | day in a hot and loud factory. It's not a career - just a job.
       | I'm not sure how you fix that. The American appetite for a low
       | skill manufacturing job is dead - I'm not sure it's a bad thing
       | either.
       | 
       | Even the high skill stuff has already been taken over by China,
       | their process is far more efficient. When the business needs
       | design/tool & die for a new plastic injection mold costs and
       | speed associated with getting that mold designed and made in
       | America are astronomical compared to the Chinese. The Chinese
       | will get back to you with a design proof in 24 hours at a 1/4 of
       | the cost.
        
         | peterldowns wrote:
         | > The American appetite for a low skill manufacturing job is
         | dead - I'm not sure it's a bad thing either.
         | 
         | It probably isn't a bad thing, as long as we continue to invest
         | in automation and high-skill manufacturing. The Economist wrote
         | about this recently: the fantasy of "low-skill factory jobs for
         | all" is just that, a fantasy: https://archive.is/YoMs1
        
           | thaack wrote:
           | Fascinating article.
           | 
           | They have toyed around with automation but the capital
           | required to retrofit for such a small business would be
           | intensive but is coming down.
           | 
           | Interestingly the automation pieces that they have been
           | testing (multi-axis robot arms) have only became cost
           | effective since the Chinese robots entered the market. The
           | Chinese have completely dropped the floor on automation
           | tooling.
        
         | farceSpherule wrote:
         | The work on your line might "suck" but it is a good paying job
         | with free benefits and requires no college degree, special
         | trade school, or certification.
         | 
         | There are plenty of poorly qualified, undereducated Americans
         | who can fill these low skill jobs.
         | 
         | There is nothing to fix. It is a job. It pays money. Not
         | everyone has the ability to excel in a "career." They simply
         | need a job.
         | 
         | And, no one can compete with China. All companies operating in
         | China, regardless of ownership (state-owned, private, or
         | foreign-owned), are subject to the same political influence. If
         | the government tells a company to do something, the company
         | does it. China also manipulates its currency as a means to
         | drive its predominantly export-oriented economy.
        
           | thaack wrote:
           | Then tell me where these poorly qualified, undereducated
           | Americans who can fill these low skill jobs are?
           | 
           | The business's biggest success with finding employees was
           | getting in the good graces of the local probation officers
           | who refer ex-cons to us, and that comes with its own set of
           | problems.
           | 
           | Other than paying a premium for temps at a temp agency that's
           | been the only way as of the last 5-10 years to get employees
           | in the door. Normal applications are crickets.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Raise the pay. I get that at a small scale that might not
             | be possible, but if it isn't that just means they don't
             | have a viable business, at least in their current location.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | I hear China's labor costs are lower. If your point is
               | that Made in USA is maybe too expensive, we've gone full
               | circle.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | More expensive than made in China, though with the moral
               | price of supporting sweatshop factories. "Too expensive"
               | is a value judgment. Maybe they could get their customers
               | to accept a higher price, or find other customers who are
               | less price-sensitive or will pay for something they can
               | provide that China cannot.
        
             | farceSpherule wrote:
             | If you are paying people $7.25 an hour, then perhaps you
             | deserve to go out of business.
             | 
             | Line work in the conditions you describe should be paying
             | $16 to $26 per hour, with an average of about $18 per hour.
        
         | beloch wrote:
         | Sounds like the employer has created its own problems.
         | 
         | If an employee is doing an unpleasant, dead-end job with no
         | prospect of advancement, they have to make a value judgment. If
         | there's no prospect of advancement or any kind of wage growth
         | (they're "low skill", so they'll be replaced if someone cheaper
         | comes along), let alone security, then why stick around?
         | 
         | If the working conditions (e.g. heat and noise) are unpleasant,
         | they could be improved. A ramp into other positions could be
         | built to make the "job" an entry point to a "career" (e.g.
         | Costco moves people between many different low skill jobs and
         | then recruits from that pool for management).
        
           | thaack wrote:
           | >If an employee is doing an unpleasant, dead-end job with no
           | prospect of advancement, they have to make a value judgment.
           | If there's no prospect of advancement or any kind of wage
           | growth (they're "low skill", so they'll be replaced if
           | someone cheaper comes along), let alone security, then why
           | stick around?
           | 
           | Exactly my point, and that's what they are doing.
           | 
           | There is no prospect of advancement possible. It's a small
           | operation with 15 or so total employees. Under normal
           | circumstances I would agree on a much larger scale.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | > because the products made are too expensive to ship from a
         | country with cheaper labor
         | 
         | This particular issue could be solved by producing in Mexico
         | and trucking your product into the US.
        
         | driverdan wrote:
         | If you can't get employees you're not paying enough. What you
         | think you should pay employees is irrelevant, the market
         | defines what "good pay" is. If potential employees have better
         | opportunities you won't be able to hire them unless you make
         | your jobs more appealing than others.
        
           | thaack wrote:
           | You would think it would be that black and white, and under
           | normal circumstances I would tend to agree, however pay is
           | well above average for the location and skill especially when
           | you factor in the benefit package.
           | 
           | I really think it comes down to the fact that people have no
           | interest in working in low skill manufacturing. The business
           | loses people to Walmart etc. where they get lower pay and no
           | benefits all the time. There is more variety of work and
           | potential for advancement at a company like Walmart. Even at
           | a larger scale low skill manufacturing plant advancement is
           | sparse.
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | The pay may be above average for that location, but it
             | might still be too low. Back when I had just finished
             | college, my cohort was also judging locations where they
             | would apply to work based on things like the social scene
             | or the climate, in addition to the usual considerations of
             | the kind of work and pay they would be doing. There were
             | plenty that turned down well-paying jobs that were in
             | undesirable locations because they were also seeking to not
             | only establish a career, but a life too.
             | 
             | One of the guys I worked with at my first job was a few
             | years older than me, and he had given up a much better
             | paying job in one of the flyover states for a lower paying
             | one in a higher COL area; His reasoning was that no amount
             | of money could buy him the things he wanted out there, but
             | he did admit that had the pay been significantly higher, he
             | probably would have stuck it out for longer than he did,
             | though again only to save up a bigger nest egg before he
             | moved away from the area.
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | No, by paying high salary you are not going to retain smart
           | people on dumb physically challenging job.
           | 
           | And they say they can get employees, as pay is decent for low
           | skilled job.
        
         | cadamsdotcom wrote:
         | If you're having trouble retaining employees because they're
         | bored of pulling parts out of a mold - have any of them
         | considered having a crack at automating that specific bit of
         | the job with say (and yes this is going to sound naive) a
         | programmable robot?
         | 
         | Could be something they try out of hours.
        
           | slyall wrote:
           | There will be versions of the machine that automate more of
           | the process. But they will cost money and require maintenance
           | too look after and adjust.
           | 
           | I used to work a similar job[1] at a plastics factory. We had
           | about 12 machines in the area I worked. Some machines
           | automated remove stuff from the mold, some removing the
           | excess, some putting though the leak tester. Each stage of
           | automation was an additional thing that had to be configured
           | and adjusted.
           | 
           | Often we'd only make an item for a shift or two. At one point
           | the company bought a new machine (the size of a 2 car garage)
           | that automated some more bits. The machine took 18 months of
           | adjusting before it worked reliably.
           | 
           | [1] Blowmold, ranging from 750ml bottles, 5-20 litre jerry
           | cans, sections of culvert pipe.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | "They tried Made in the USA - it was too expensive for their
       | customers"
       | 
       | Did they (the companies profiled in the article) actually try it
       | 
       | Or did they investigate the possibility of trying it
       | 
       | Did customers have an oportunity to determine it was too
       | expensive
       | 
       | Or did these businesses make that determination themselves
       | 
       | NB. I am not suggesting their determination was incorrect. I am
       | only highlighting how the title refers to something that did not
       | actually happen. A more accurate title might be something like
       | 
       | They considered Made in the USA - they determined it would be too
       | expensive for their customers
        
         | 9awj35pja wrote:
         | Some people are actually trying
         | 
         | https://www.smartereveryday.com/smarterscrubber
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | If the retailer they normally sell to say they want stock the
         | product at the given price, then you don't get to try?
         | 
         | If you could sell it for more using a different avenue, you
         | probably should have done that before.
         | 
         | Tariffs this way will kill a lot of small businesses.
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | It took decades to gut American consumer manufacturing. Anyone
       | who thinks it can be brought back without pain is deluded. But
       | nevertheless, it's worth that pain.
       | 
       | As the Chinese are well aware, every time in history a great
       | financial power and a great industrial power have come into
       | conflict, the industrial power wins.
        
       | tboyd47 wrote:
       | You only get to pick one: labor laws or a manufacturing industry.
        
       | mzs wrote:
       | None of the three businesses reported actually even build one
       | prototype in the US and the arithmetic doesn't work out for the
       | last example but a lawsuit has been filed.
        
       | poorcedural wrote:
       | Right now, as for the last century, the USA manufactures identity
       | and all the products that make you feel like YOU. It used to be
       | Levis and Coca-Cola, now it is all the premier tech Hacker News
       | places value FAANG+ (minus TikTok). If the USA continues
       | inventing identity, those identities should be grounded in
       | merchandise only made in the USA.
        
       | SkyMarshal wrote:
       | It's interesting to me that there was already a manufacturing
       | facility in the US that could readily make something as random as
       | a memory foam dog bed on short notice, even if somewhat more
       | expensively.
       | 
       | I had though all such simple things had been completely
       | outsourced to China or Vietnam or somewhere. That does imply if
       | that if manufacturing economies of scale can be returned to the
       | US, the price could become competitive, even for low value-added
       | products like this.
        
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