[HN Gopher] Magnetic Tape Storage Technology: usage, history, an...
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       Magnetic Tape Storage Technology: usage, history, and future
       outlook
        
       Author : matt_d
       Score  : 41 points
       Date   : 2025-06-29 06:47 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dl.acm.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dl.acm.org)
        
       | johnklos wrote:
       | Most of the people who parrot the "tape is dead" stuff haven't
       | used tape.
       | 
       | When it comes to the reliability of putting something on a shelf,
       | then pulling it off twenty years later, tape still is better than
       | everything else.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Yes, definitely true. And maybe they are even more relevant now
         | because of all the data needed for deep learning.
         | 
         | However, the drives are expensive. This industry is in dire
         | need of disruption.
        
           | rowanG077 wrote:
           | Yep since IBM has the monopoly they have been squeezing
           | everyone to the maximum degree. Too bad HP stopped their tape
           | drive development. They kept IBM under control.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | $5k for a LTO9 drive isn't terribly bad; once you have any
           | significant number of tapes.
           | 
           | Expensive for home use, but they can buy older technology
           | off-lease.
        
             | buran77 wrote:
             | > Expensive for home use, but they can buy older technology
             | 
             | I can't imagine home users being interested in buying
             | mostly used SCSI or SAS tape drives while navigating a
             | world of format compatibility challenges and problems with
             | improper storage. Environmental requirements for archival
             | are narrow and most homes don't tick that box over many
             | years or when moving.
             | 
             | This medium is expensive, inconvenient to use and store,
             | and in the world of home use those are killers. You don't
             | need to take my word for it, look around at tape home use.
             | 
             | Home users are better served by cloud storage or an
             | external hard drive, maybe a home NAS, especially for the
             | relatively low data volumes home usage usually involves.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | The choice between magnetic tapes and disks depends
               | mainly on the total amount of archived data.
               | 
               | Some years ago, after I bought a LTO-7 drive at around
               | $3000 as a home user, I have recovered its costs after
               | about a couple hundred terabyte of stored data.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, nowadays the drives for LTO-9 have
               | increased in price, so the cutoff threshold has probably
               | increased to several hundred terabytes.
               | 
               | Even when the amount of stored data does not provide
               | significant savings in the cost of storage media, it may
               | still be worthwhile to use magnetic tapes, for improved
               | peace of mind and for avoiding the hassle of copying the
               | data to newer HDDs every few years.
               | 
               | I am old enough to have seen enough data loss disasters,
               | so I would never trust cloud storage, where the access to
               | my own data would be dependent on my ability of making
               | continuous payments to an external entity, which is
               | really hard to predict for any distant future. Moreover,
               | even with a fast Internet link the access speed to cloud
               | storage is an order of magnitude slower than to a local
               | tape drive or HDD.
        
               | buran77 wrote:
               | Look, I get it, you're a power user with very special
               | needs. But the rest of the home user world is on a
               | different page. It's funny if you think home users in
               | general have these kinds of wants or needs just because
               | you're a user, at home.
               | 
               | The data volumes, the cost even before we look at the
               | TCO, the performance characteristics, the time/expertise
               | requirements, the need (hassle) for _proper_ storage and
               | retrieval really kill the attraction of tape for home
               | use.
               | 
               | For the backup (and storage as a bonus) needs of most
               | _home users_ cloud or external drives are unbeatable,
               | especially in combination.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | I should have been more precise - by "home user" I meant
               | people who run DataCenter equipment at home; datahoarders
               | and homelabs.
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | > For the backup (and storage as a bonus) needs of most
               | home users cloud or external drives are unbeatable,
               | especially in combination.
               | 
               | Cloud is not a backup. Cloud is someone else's storage.
        
               | dale_glass wrote:
               | One thing that worries me about home tape use is dust and
               | cat hair.
               | 
               | I've had a DDS4 tape way back, which ended up dying, and
               | that could well be the cause. My house is not going to be
               | as clean as a server room.
               | 
               | I've seen tape drives taken apart and there seems to be a
               | worrying lack of concern with any kind of air filtration
               | on the ones I've seen at least. And I don't think it
               | should be all that hard to deal with it. Maybe something
               | like sucking air in through a replaceable filter and
               | exhausting it out of the tape door.
        
               | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
               | Wouldn't a home air filter sitting adjacent to the tape
               | drive remove almost all of that problem?
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | How about small startups?
        
             | mystified5016 wrote:
             | I was _extremely_ interested in tape when I started my
             | homelab several years ago.
             | 
             | The only options with more data capacity than a hard drive
             | are all high end datacenter equipment. I would have had to
             | buy fiber channel adapters and media, find a drive, a
             | housing to put it in, and tapes. All separately, and each
             | for several times what my entire homelab is worth.
             | 
             | It really is not an option for home-gamers.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | The break even point between tape and hard drives is
           | somewhere around 400TB. A lot for a personal data collection,
           | but not _that_ much in absolute terms.
        
           | msgodel wrote:
           | Blueray or even (possibly combined with) a 3rd party service
           | probably makes way more sense for small businesses and
           | individuals. That's what I currently use for archival.
        
         | kvemkon wrote:
         | > tape
         | 
         | Only once (or very few times) overwritten?
         | 
         | > on a shelf
         | 
         | At home or in a specialized room with controlled climate?
         | 
         | At least I cannot find quickly the requirement in someone (or a
         | robot) pulling each tape once a year(?) and doing a rewind?
         | Which is formally needed for HDD.
         | 
         | Btw, shouldn't HDDs be much more resistant to magnetic fields
         | than magnetic tapes?
         | 
         | Edit:
         | 
         | 26TB HDD Non-operating / storage:
         | 
         | Temperature -40 to 70degC (Storage 0 to 70degC)
         | 
         | Relative humidity 5 to 95% non-condensing
         | 
         | Maximum wet bulb temperature: 35degC non-condensing
         | 
         | Maximum temperature gradient: 30degC/Hour
         | 
         | LTO 9+:
         | 
         | Recommended Storage Environment: 15 to 25 / 20 to 50%RH / Max
         | Wet Bulb Temperature: 26.
         | 
         | Stray magnetic field at any point on tape not to exceed 50
         | oersteds (4000 ampere/meter).
         | 
         | [1] https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-
         | library...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.fujifilm.com/uk/en/business/data-
         | management/data...
         | 
         | [3] https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/storage-deep-
         | archive?topic=media...
        
       | marklar423 wrote:
       | My company moved EiBs of data off of tape a few years ago. It was
       | reliable and durable, but the problem was read speed.
       | 
       | It took so long to move tapes around and read the sequentially
       | (no random access!), and as the data corpus grew it got harder to
       | have a practical backup, even though the data was still
       | theoretically extant.
        
       | dale_glass wrote:
       | The bit on tape tension was really interesting!
       | 
       | Turns out that modern drives can stretch the tape to make tracks
       | line up right. It makes sense that as density grows, the real
       | world effects of things like temperature and humidity require
       | more and more work to compensate for.
        
       | netbioserror wrote:
       | Given the gains in tape and hard disk densities in recent years,
       | why can't we revisit floppy disks as a potential long-term
       | archival media for the future? Are they particularly volatile?
       | Would the design of the physical disk case be able to solve for
       | such issues?
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | Everytime I see a Zip Drive in an old movie I get a serious
         | pang of nostalgia. I wanted one of these so bad, yet, by the
         | time I could afford it, they were no longer practical.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_drive
        
         | mystified5016 wrote:
         | Floppies are, in fact, volatile. They suffer from bit rot like
         | CDs, and (AIUI) the magnetic flux is weaker and more prone to
         | disappearing over time.
         | 
         | Plus, all floppy drives are now multiple decades old.
         | 
         | A new, modern removable magnetic disc format will certainly
         | perform orders of magnitude better, but not anywhere close to
         | to any other modern format in speed, density, or short-to-
         | medium term stability.
         | 
         | We _could_ make fantastic floppy drives today, but there is
         | simply no economic reason to spend a billion dollars in R &D on
         | it.
        
       | qurashee wrote:
       | I'm surprised nobody has mentioned Microsoft's research towards
       | "replacing" tape storage in the future. Have a look at Project
       | Silica.
       | 
       | https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/project-sil...
        
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