[HN Gopher] Schizophrenia is the price we pay for minds poised n...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Schizophrenia is the price we pay for minds poised near the edge of
       a cliff
        
       Author : Anon84
       Score  : 226 points
       Date   : 2025-06-28 21:22 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.psychiatrymargins.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.psychiatrymargins.com)
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | Why does no-one dare say "schizotypy?"
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizotypy
        
         | crawfordcomeaux wrote:
         | It's dangerous to existing systems for people to become aware
         | they're capable of creating/conjuring/channeling useful new
         | voices in the mind to help learn different things. People get
         | burned at the stake for that.
        
           | bad_haircut72 wrote:
           | I've never ever had any symptoms of schizophrenia but the
           | idea of trying to consciously encourage myself hearing voices
           | is terrifying, Im sure I could send myself truly insane with
           | probably not much effort.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | My belief about is that the core of schizotypy and
             | schizophrenia is
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_disorder
             | 
             | as did Eugen Bleuler. I have a friend who is schizophrenic
             | whose speech hardly makes sense and she is always calling
             | people on the phone and carrying on nonsensical
             | conversations. Somehow the general public is hung up on
             | 'hearing voices' but I have never once heard a voice but
             | under stress I (schizotypal) did once spend about six
             | months under the influence of a 'system of delusions' yet
             | stayed mostly functional, kept working, and managed to
             | avoid getting in serious trouble.
             | 
             | I think it is quite ordinary also for people to have a
             | dialogue with an 'invisible friend' or believe that they
             | 'talk to God' when they pray, the auditory hallucinations
             | of schizophrenia seem to be something like you have a
             | thought that you don't think is your thought but somebody
             | else talking, notably schizophrenics often believe that
             | somebody is putting thoughts into them or taking thoughts
             | out of them, see
             | 
             | https://www.theairloom.org/mindcontrol.php
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | It's like gang-stalking--its not that there's something
               | being introduced, but rather that the subject sees
               | relations that are not objective relations (like, for
               | instance, the relation between temperature, pressure, and
               | state change). Typically, however (and I can't imagine a
               | case where this _didn 't_ happen), the relations are
               | _social_ in character--and since social relations are
               | subjective to the extent that all the social world is not
               | expressly a fact, it can be difficult to differentiate
               | between an illusion and a reality: people imagine their
               | partners are cheating on them, whether or not its true.
               | And there are many things we do not know about the social
               | world around us; but, statistically speaking, nobody has
               | ever actually been gang-stalked.
        
               | uniq7 wrote:
               | That is very interesting. Excuse me if this question is
               | too personal, but what do you mean by "system of
               | delusions" exactly?
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | A constant state of needing to do continuous reality
               | testing. The GP almost lost a grip basically.
        
             | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
             | > the idea of trying to consciously encourage myself
             | hearing voices is terrifying,
             | 
             | This is not unreasonable.
             | 
             | It could be _less awful_ if the voices were positive and
             | not harsh and negative. Schizophrenics outside the US were
             | found to have a more benign relationship with their voices.
             | The striking difference was that while many of the African
             | and Indian subjects registered predominantly positive
             | experiences         with their voices, not one American
             | did. Rather, the U.S. subjects         were more likely to
             | report experiences as violent and hateful - and
             | evidence of a sick condition.
             | 
             | ref: https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2014/07/voices-
             | culture-luh...
        
             | crawfordcomeaux wrote:
             | I once accidentally came up with another conscious voice in
             | my head & we decided to govern through the 12 traditions of
             | Codependents Anonymous. She also had specific qualities I'd
             | chosen 3 weeks prior as qualities I chose to believe I
             | could come to embody, so that was an interesting pointer to
             | what's possible.
             | 
             | And as others have pointed out, it really depends what kind
             | of programming you're carrying around. Feeling terrified of
             | something isn't the issue...it's how you've trained to
             | respond to terror that matters. If you lash out or avoid,
             | yeah....don't cultivate multiple voices. If, instead,
             | you're choosing to purge the addiction to violence &
             | domination fairly rooted in American imperial colonial
             | indoctrination, it's really quite something. I'm now
             | working on bringing in 16 others as a way to better connect
             | with different parts of the population and spread this and
             | other blackness-embracing ways.
             | 
             | Hearing/seeing things that aren't there has historically
             | for the majority of humanity's time on Earth not been an
             | issue. We can get back to living in such ways, especially
             | since doing so can be extremely helpful.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Dangerous to the autism-industrial complex and as well as the
           | addictive stimulant industry.
        
             | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
             | > addictive stimulant industry.
             | 
             | Whom I thank every day for repairing my retention
             | processes, just enough that lessons become learning.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | Is this supposed to be some kind of diss for adhd stimulant
             | therapy?
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Gotta a friend who's 52 and has all his teeth rot out 10
               | years ago. He goes to Wegmans every month and comes back
               | with a pill bottle the size of a small trashcan. He says
               | he could get nothing done without out but I don't see him
               | getting anything done. Wouldn't be surprised if will fall
               | and break his hip 20 years early.
               | 
               | I've seen plenty of those pills get diverted with
               | outcomes like somebody stays up for 4 days and gets
               | hospitalized so, yeah, I want to diss ADHD medication. It
               | is clear it helps in the short term, not so clear if it
               | helps in the long term.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | How scientific.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35091797/
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | Even that _very limited_ study didn 't link stim use to
               | poor teeth - at all. As far as study went, this was it.
               | * Stimulant ADHD medication use in adults is associated
               | with decreased bone          mineral in the skull and
               | thoracic spine.              * No other areas of axial or
               | appendicular skeleton showed significant
               | differences.              * There was no dose-response
               | effect between stimulant medication use and         bone
               | mineral density.              * The overall effect of
               | stimulant medications on adult         bone health is
               | unclear.
               | 
               | ref: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9062265/
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > Gotta a friend who's 52 and has all his teeth rot out
               | 10 years ago.
               | 
               | FTR, meth mouth has no overlap with ADHD meds. I
               | specifically looked into this, way back when.
               | 
               | > He goes to Wegmans every month and comes back with a
               | pill bottle the size of a small trashcan.
               | 
               | If he took that many ADHD meds he'd be dead on day one.
               | Three tabs/day is a heavy dose.
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | Stimulants reduce addictive behaviors in ADHD patients.
             | 
             | https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-and-substance-abuse-
             | stimula...
             | 
             | They're also less habit forming than the non-stimulant
             | drugs; I'm taking a non-stimulant right now (Intuniv) that
             | you can't safely quit without tapering off for weeks.
             | 
             | The combination is good enough that I lost my caffeine
             | addiction. Of course that's a relatively mild one.
        
         | gfody wrote:
         | many people hear voices and experience symptoms of
         | schizophrenia while managing to keep their cool and thrive
         | amongst the nerts. hearing-voices.org is a support network for
         | such people
        
       | JamesBarney wrote:
       | If genes that increase schizophrenic risk increases cognitive
       | abilities you should find people who have high polygenic scores
       | for schizophrenia without having schizophrenia test well on these
       | cognitive abilities. I'm not aware of any of data that shows this
       | in a convincing matter. I think I've seen a few small studies but
       | nothing that replicated this on a large scale. And most of the
       | studies show they score worse on cognitive abilities.
       | 
       | The only conclusions I've come to are one of the following.
       | 
       | 1. They improve cognitive abilities in some way we aren't good at
       | measuring. 2. There is something about our modern environment
       | that is more likely to trigger schizophrenia which has more
       | recently increased the fitness penalty these genes confer.
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | seems like they should be good at finding solutions which
         | require leveraging partial information, and generating a large
         | quantity of ideas (which can contain quality)
         | 
         | But the optimal thing might be to have a number of more
         | typical/boring people to filter their ideas through, and that
         | might be hard to test experimentally
        
       | jonahbard wrote:
       | I wonder if Autism would be even simpler to explain with a cliff-
       | edged fitness function. Because there seems to be a high
       | correlation between extremely intelligent people and people on
       | the spectrum. Maybe the group of genes rewarded for high
       | intelligence/creativity/quantitative ability also, by accidental
       | design, inhibits social capacity.
        
         | hyperhello wrote:
         | Is it possible that every non-typical presentation simply tells
         | others in society to give them space enough to develop the
         | intellect?
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Maybe it does when you are an adult but it can make childhood
           | a disaster.
        
         | mandmandam wrote:
         | > Maybe the group of genes rewarded for high
         | intelligence/creativity/quantitative ability also, by
         | accidental design, inhibits social capacity.
         | 
         | Maybe living in a world with neurotypical people who
         | immediately dislike you [0] 'inhibits social capacity' after
         | years of traumatic experiences piling up.
         | 
         | 0 - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8992906/
        
       | cjbgkagh wrote:
       | I think people should study the RCCX gene cluster and link to
       | giftedness more, I have TNXB SNPs which results in hEDS, but C4
       | SNPs have a similar effect and is likely to result in
       | Schizophrenia. There are some cross over symptoms such as
       | dopamine dysregulation and flat affect. I think dysautonomia and
       | auto-immune plays a big part. Our lifestyles are very different
       | than they used to be and this could be exacerbating auto-immune
       | issues and as we get better at treating auto-immune conditions I
       | expect we'll get better at treating Schizophrenia.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Is there some puzzling chronic condition that isn't on this
         | list?
         | 
         | https://me-pedia.org/wiki/RCCX_Genetic_Module_Theory
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | Of course there are. I'm guessing you're insinuating two
           | things, it's highly improbable that individuals can have this
           | many simultaneous issues, and it's impossible for medical
           | researchers to miss such an anomaly. The Ehlers Danlos subset
           | is shorter but still covers a huge amount of issues
           | (https://ohtwist.com/about-eds/comorbidities).
           | 
           | Well there is a reason why doctors kept telling me I am a
           | hypochondriac, but I do have a whole zoo of conditions
           | simultaneously, and this is a pretty common state for people
           | with hEDS and I'm on the extreme end of it. So while milder
           | versions of it are ~2% of the population the extreme versions
           | of it are < 1/20K.
           | 
           | And yeah, medical researchers are in fact in the aggregate
           | really bad at their jobs. Look how long it took to convince
           | surgeons to wash their hands. But a lot of the genetic stuff
           | relies on Linear Regression for GWAS which assumes
           | independents of SNPs, otherwise you get multicollinearity
           | problems, this is not a safe assumption and they've confused
           | their results as confirming their assumptions. Instead of
           | listing everything they get wrong a much shorter list is what
           | they get right, Dr Jessica Eccles (https://x.com/BendyBrain)
           | does great research into Long Covid and Generalized Joint
           | Hypermobility which should put to bed the theory that GJH is
           | benign - still good luck trying to talk a doctor out of that
           | train of thought.
           | 
           | If you find someone who has hEDS the odds are they have a
           | very large number of those things and most of them don't even
           | know the names of most of the conditions, just one or two
           | that bother them the most. The RCCX / hEDS list is a distinct
           | subset of all possible things, the list of all medical
           | maladies is far longer. It becomes highly improbable that a
           | set of people have the same set of maladies - doctors tend to
           | chalk this up to social contagion but that doesn't bear out.
           | Genetic and behavioral causes have distinct diffusion
           | patterns.
           | 
           | It's confirmable with WGS which I've done and I've encouraged
           | many others to do and it turns out that you can indeed
           | predict with a great deal of reliability if someone has TNXB
           | / CYP21A2 SNPs. Unfortunately it's harder to find people who
           | have C4 since they're likely to have schizophrenia.
        
             | gavinray wrote:
             | Do you have a list of which SNP's are related to this/are
             | pathological?
             | 
             | I have an Ancestry partial genome that I've imputed to
             | expand. Would be curious whether those SNP's are present in
             | the data.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | They are listed as benign, since I find the people first
               | then get the sequence I think that classification is
               | incorrect.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | There are many TNXB SNPs and many are not rare, while I
               | can theorize that the number and severity of the SNPs can
               | explain a spectrum I don't have enough data to prove it.
               | The data that I do have is highly improbable to be from
               | random chance, but not impossible so I'm still collecting
               | and am open to being wrong.
        
       | suzzer99 wrote:
       | I've lost one of my best friends to what I think is
       | schizophrenia. We don't know because she's cut off all contact
       | with friends and family and refuses to see a doctor. It's
       | definitely psychosis. She thinks she's in some kind of Truman
       | show that she calls "the game". Since none of her friends or
       | family are willing to admit to it, then we must be in on it.
       | 
       | We don't know her full family medical history because her dad was
       | adopted. I do know that she was "microdosing" and macro-dosing
       | hallucinogens for years. Mostly acid and shrooms as far as I
       | know. She followed the band Phish around with a group of friends.
       | I can't imagine most of those shows were sober.
       | 
       | We've also seen a few incidents of paranoia when she was under
       | the influence of drugs/alcohol going back decades. So it feels
       | like this was always there in some form, but maybe the estrogen
       | was holding it back before menopause hit. I read an article about
       | women who get schizophrenia after menopause that suggested this
       | could be the case.
       | 
       | Anyway, whenever I see wellness healers and the like extolling
       | the virtues of psilocybin, I want to point out that there could
       | be a downside. We don't know that all of her hallucinogen use
       | over the years contributed to this. But it's certainly a
       | possibility.
        
         | winrid wrote:
         | If you have a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia it's
         | starting to seem like drugs that seem harmless like marijuana
         | (specifically THC?) can definitely bring it out. At least,
         | that's what seemed to happen to my mother and another friend.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | I also suspect people with schizophrenia that haven't yet
           | started showing symptoms are more likely to take drugs.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | Based on what?
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | The huge number of them who smoke cigarettes prior to
               | their first episode - a different form of self
               | medication. 90% of people with it smoke and there is
               | research indicating a greater likelhood prior to first
               | episode. I'll have to look up those numbers though.
               | (Edit, seems about 60% at a time when the average US
               | population was at 20%)
        
               | hopelite wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | heisenbit wrote:
               | Could there be a similar cliff function for alcohol and
               | psychoactive drugs iff used in moderation which may
               | confer to a society an advantage to the detriment of
               | individual health. If used above a limit things fall of a
               | cliff. Abstinence however may also be sub-optimal even if
               | best for any individual.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Recently doctors and research show that there is no
               | amount of alcohol that is "healthy" to drink.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | I think the main problem is conflation and averaging out
               | experiences to the general population. There are distinct
               | subsets of people who react to things very differently to
               | the others and the focus should be on first finding out
               | if someone is in a particular group.
               | 
               | I do a lot of DIY psychopharmacology, mostly modafinil
               | and amitriptyline, in a successful effort to reduce
               | ME/CFS/hEDS related brain fog. I've given modafinil to
               | normal people and they tend not to notice any effects
               | where for me it's a super strong drug that'll keep me
               | wired unless I take other drugs to calm down.
               | 
               | I think quite a large subset of human behavior is seeking
               | self medication for genetic anxiety disorders and I think
               | in knowing the mechanisms people can avoid stumbling
               | around in the dark and go directly towards things that
               | work.
        
               | cosmic_cheese wrote:
               | What are your thoughts on people who self-medicate with
               | caffeine due to their baseline ability to focus being
               | reduced (which in modern society is cause for trouble)?
               | That's the reason for starting caffeine use for many.
               | 
               | My use is also light and fully legal, but personally I'm
               | not sure that this is something that's so binary. It
               | seems more likely to sit on a spectrum, as most things
               | do, and is largely dependent on the individual due to
               | wide differences in brain and body function. It's the
               | same reason why the prescription drug that works wonders
               | for one person and do nothing or worse, be detrimental
               | for somebody else. We're not all identical units of a
               | particular model rolling off an assembly line somewhere,
               | after all.
               | 
               | So I guess I would say that yes, we should be more
               | conscientious of how substances (even those that are
               | common) interact with our minds, but I have a hard time
               | labeling them all as harmful. It's just too broad of a
               | brush.
        
               | gknapp wrote:
               | > And no, please spare us all your justifications for how
               | caffeine is fine or micro-dosing has been amazing,
               | because they are simply varying levels of
               | rationalization, I do it too, I'm just not in it as
               | deeply. And no, just because you were able to become rich
               | with and on the back of drugs does not mean you did it
               | without harm, you likely just scandalized a lot of harm
               | to, e.g., get rich selling some service to some coke head
               | investor who will only fuel the abuse of data mining and
               | social media addiction.
               | 
               | I think you make some interesting points, and it's a very
               | well thought-out post, but this is the definition of
               | "poisoning the well". You're attempting to preemptively
               | discredit the most obvious flaw in your argument.
               | 
               | There is a massive amount of evidence for the impact on
               | both society, economy and neurology for each of the drugs
               | listed in your last paragraph - and it's these impacts
               | that often change personal and societal perception of
               | risk and reward. Caffeine, at average doses, induces an
               | effect that is comparable to a small cortisol spike - it
               | is mildly addictive, but nowhere near that of an opioid,
               | for example.
               | 
               | Drugs like meth and heroine (and one wonders why you left
               | off fentanyl) are highly addictive and destructive, cause
               | enormous loss of life an an inconceivable scale, and can
               | permanently damage neurological pathways. From what I've
               | read, the impact of hallucinogenics is less well
               | understood... but probably not great.
               | 
               | If your argument is "we like to say caffeine and alcohol
               | are fine, when they're really no different than opioids
               | and meth", well there _is_ a staggeringly enormous
               | difference in the potency and impact of caffeine vs the
               | other drugs you've listed. I do agree with you that
               | alcohol is far more harmful than society cares to admit,
               | however, and that's both well-studied and often ignored.
        
               | financltravsty wrote:
               | I hate to write out these words, but you're strawmanning.
               | 
               | The point is caffeine etc. corrupt the mind and cause a
               | person's mental faculties to run in a way they were not
               | initially designed to.
               | 
               | The point is not that these drugs are all extremely
               | harmful, only that they are all harmful. Caffeine and
               | other things get a pass because the "hard drugs" are so
               | uniquely and visibly harmful that they overshadow all
               | other forms of harm.
               | 
               | One could even say that this has tricked us into thinking
               | that lesser drugs like caffeine or canabinoids are
               | "effectively harmless" because they're not causing us to
               | OD or steal things to get another hit or causing visibly
               | psychotic states. But that is not true. We've simply
               | accepted that the harm they due is not worth thinking
               | about (this is subjective, not objective).
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | A small percentage of people, like myself, have clearly
               | autosomal genetic conditions that means being 'normal' is
               | just not on the cards. I have to take
               | psychopharmacological drugs just to get close to normal.
               | 
               | Not everyone is the same, there is a lot of variety, what
               | you say could indeed be true for most people but can also
               | not be true for a small minority of people.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | > A small percentage of people, like myself, have clearly
               | autosomal genetic conditions
               | 
               | What is the Autosomal dominant disordered gene
               | polymorphism you have that causes your mental illness? I
               | am assuming you are just guessing here?
               | 
               | > I have to take psychopharmacological drugs just to get
               | close to normal.
               | 
               | I hope you can consider that you are taking drugs to
               | manage being in an environment/diet that you are not
               | genetically adapted to.
               | 
               | I used to think like you, but then I saw my genetics, now
               | after 35 years, I am on no meds and have essentially
               | cured my schizoaffective disorder.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | hEDS, there is a very long list of comorbidities and I
               | tick off most of them. Not guessing, runs in the family,
               | did a WGS and found the TNXB SNPs responsible.
               | 
               | I tried the no-drugs and being super healthy approach for
               | the vast majority of my life, I look like a pro-athlete,
               | the only reason I started the meds was due to figuring
               | out the statistical possibility of having X things wrong
               | with me was next to impossible without a common cause,
               | and the ME/CFS with brain fog was destroying my life.
               | 
               | I also tried to quit caffeine but that only resulted in
               | very negative effects that persisted for more than 4
               | months after going cold turkey, that's 4 months being
               | largely housebound and not able to work for that one
               | experiment. I've been at this so long that if you can
               | think of something I've probably tried it - including the
               | healthiest of healthy lifestyles.
               | 
               | Just comparing within my own family most are anti-drugs
               | and anti-medications and their health is an absolute
               | mess. I wish living a healthy lifestyle would be
               | sufficient, I wouldn't have to walk a tightrope of
               | balancing meds, but I don't get that option.
        
               | mwigdahl wrote:
               | The use of the term "corrupt" rather than "alter" or
               | "affect" is assuming the conclusion here. The human mind
               | is not something that always works in the same Platonic
               | perfection in a state of nature. Biological and cultural
               | differences are major factors in what is considered
               | normal at any given place and time.
               | 
               | Some people have conditions that make the way their
               | brains work different than what is considered normal.
               | Western technological culture imposes differences in
               | social interaction and pressures on thinking and required
               | performance that are far different than existed in
               | societies even mere hundreds of years before.
               | 
               | Drugs can be a way to compensate for these pressures and
               | find a way to exist in the world with as much equanimity
               | as possible. And I say all this as a person who avoids
               | all caffeine and illegal drugs, and uses alcohol very
               | infrequently. I'm lucky I can do this and thrive in
               | today's Western culture. Not everyone is as fortunate.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Statistics literally show this.
        
           | tony69 wrote:
           | In Europe this (some rec drugs bring out latent
           | schizophrenia) is taught in med school as a "known fact"
           | (source: psychiatrist friend) so it's well beyond "starting
           | to seem"
        
             | el_benhameen wrote:
             | This was treated as pretty much a fact when I took a class
             | on psychological disorders in the US circa 2007, too.
        
               | winrid wrote:
               | Ah okay, good to know!
        
               | kurthr wrote:
               | Marijuana was known to do this in 1936.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kg0sK-dY98
        
             | anthk wrote:
             | And at High School too on talks about drugs; the
             | marijuana->schizophrenia link it's widely known.
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | Unfortunately it's hammered on so hard, and without
               | nuance, that kids will discard it with the other half-
               | truths that are told. And also the tendency for families
               | to cover up and hide any "shameful" facts like uncle Jim
               | having spent some time in a facility, that kids might not
               | know at all that there's a family history.
        
               | mystified5016 wrote:
               | DARE is one of the reasons I started smoking cigarettes.
               | The only time the teacher was ever actually honest was
               | when he described the effects of nicotine. Everything
               | else was half-truths and scary lies.
               | 
               | Funny what kids pick up on.
        
             | have-a-break wrote:
             | The fact that in different parts of the world the voices
             | can be helpful instead of intrusive makes me feel like the
             | drugs are not the problem but how external forces view the
             | drugs or if we really wanna talk like crazy people how the
             | drugs influence the people around you even if they do not
             | directly know you are using the drugs.
        
               | overu589 wrote:
               | You're right and wrong.
               | 
               | The voices are quite real, we're not alone in our own
               | minds, and the it is the greatest taboo of society to
               | discuss.
               | 
               | It's really sad, all of these sharp modernists determined
               | upon the cult of science explanations for everything.
               | Those who _refuse_ to believe our thoughts are not all
               | our own. That much mysticism is rooted in something that
               | merely cannot be explained by the logical empirical mind.
               | 
               | Readers will be so upset when a perspective challenges
               | their rehashed psychological diatribes as mountains of
               | lies. They got "help" damn you. Their friends ("real
               | people") are hurt by the craze and they're more hurt when
               | someone says "modern science and society is wrong."
               | 
               | The true Truth is whatever existential reality reflects,
               | not what we are prepared to understand. We are not alone
               | in our own minds, we have collectively known this since
               | before our generations and the "straights" of society are
               | so adamant of their self possessed lies they will condemn
               | those insights as crackpot crazy.
        
               | motorest wrote:
               | > It's really sad, all of these sharp modernists
               | determined upon the cult of science explanations for
               | everything.
               | 
               | That which you try to attack and downplay as "cult of
               | science explanations" is actually something extremely
               | simple: you need to show something, anything at all, that
               | actually supports your beliefs.
               | 
               | How can you tell something exists or works as you think
               | it does if you are unable to show it?
               | 
               | Do you expect everyone should just believe anything
               | anyone says? What is there to tell lunatics and snake oil
               | salesmen apart from those who are actually onto
               | something?
               | 
               | > Those who refuse to believe our thoughts are not all
               | our own.
               | 
               | Ok, you formed an hypothesis. Now tell me, how do you go
               | about showing others that things do work the way you
               | think they do? How can they check them for themselves?
               | What do you expect from others?
               | 
               | > That much mysticism is rooted in something that merely
               | cannot be explained by the logical empirical mind.
               | 
               | If you cannot explain your beliefs, how do you expect
               | others to just take your unverified and unsubstantiated
               | claims as something worth considering over any random
               | claim from any random loony?
        
               | xyproto wrote:
               | > If you cannot explain your beliefs, how do you expect
               | others to just take your unverified and unsubstantiated
               | claims as something worth considering over any random
               | claim from any random loony?
               | 
               | Even without an explanation, you can use statistics to
               | find the fruits of the beliefs, though. Does 100 people
               | believe in not working and rather join a cult that
               | worships the watermelon god? Fine! How did that work out
               | for them in the span of 3 generations?
               | 
               | I think that some beliefs can have value and merit, just
               | based on measures of quality of life and society.
        
               | motorest wrote:
               | > Even without an explanation, you can use statistics to
               | find the fruits of the beliefs, though.
               | 
               | I hope you are not serious.
               | 
               | > Does 100 people believe in not working and rather join
               | a cult that worships the watermelon god?
               | 
               | Hundreds of loonies making nonsense statements that no
               | one can verify is collective lunacy that adds no value.
               | It only takes a single person to show something exists
               | and works to add substance to a claim. If all those
               | loonies push a belief that none of them can support, they
               | are fools.
               | 
               | This sort of absurdness would mean absolute morons, such
               | as those in Heaven's Gate cult, should be taken seriously
               | in their claims about aliens and comets. Let that sink
               | in.
        
               | overu589 wrote:
               | > It only takes a single person to show something exists
               | and world to add substance to a claim
               | 
               | You cannot be serious. Proofs take thousands of man hours
               | and decades of railing against well entrenched beliefs
               | such as yours (that you would see it and accept it
               | readily if true.)
               | 
               | This is one of those things that cannot be proven to more
               | than one person at a time through anything other than a
               | personal revelation. Everyone everywhere will respond
               | exactly as you now do regardless of "poof" or the
               | severity and consequence of prolonged incredulity. This
               | is one of those situations where you must undeceive
               | yourself. Observe humanity and your own life. All except
               | those who actively deceive themselves will admit science
               | is as close to understanding our minds as horoscopes.
               | 
               | I do not criticize your doubts, I criticize that you
               | think truth and reality are so easily accepted by the
               | mind who "refuses to believe."
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | So like Matthew 6:28, "And why take ye thought for
               | raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow;
               | they toil not, neither do they spin", and something about
               | how they're as glorious as King Solomon despite not
               | having clothes or jobs. The religion in question did OK,
               | despite this bad advice.
        
               | gweinberg wrote:
               | Sure, because most Christians don't take Jesus' teachings
               | too seriously. You shouldn't slap a Christian (or anyone)
               | on the cheek for no reason, but if you were to, the odds
               | of him responding by inviting you to slap the other cheek
               | are pretty slim.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Heh. Probably just as well.
        
               | have-a-break wrote:
               | What about arresting and sending to the mental hospital
               | multiple times to deal with psychopathic caregivers whose
               | purpose is ultimately to make you homeless?
               | 
               | A good Christian or any good person would viewing that
               | scene would actively fight to make the person sufferings
               | life better instead of feeding into the false
               | "caregivers" or more aptly put abusers who are more
               | interested in robbing people than improving their lives.
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | The only "ish" evidence for this kind of raving is this
               | stuff:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Origin_of_Consciousness
               | _in...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameral_mentality
        
               | motorest wrote:
               | > The only "ish" evidence for this kind of raving is this
               | stuff:
               | 
               | That is far from even coming close to qualify as
               | evidence. At best they are unverified hypothesis.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | There's a long human history of beliefs like that in
               | spiritualism, animism, etc. People believed they could
               | hear the voices of their dead ancestors, spirits, etc for
               | example.
               | 
               | I wouldn't describe this as "raving", this is someone who
               | has had very real personal experiences. To them, they
               | happened just as much as the sun rises and sets. I don't
               | know what I'm getting at other than have some patience
               | and compassion for people who experience distressing
               | things that they themselves cannot explain.
        
               | have-a-break wrote:
               | Simply put the observer affect shows that somethings
               | cannot be measured without causing change to the system
               | hence may not be verifable.
               | 
               | Maybe the only way to make enough random looney until
               | they outnumber the "sane" individuals. The only issues
               | being how do you organize the new pyramid structure which
               | will evidently be formed by this new "religious"
               | organization?
        
               | motorest wrote:
               | > Simply put the observer affect shows that somethings
               | cannot be measured without causing change to the system
               | hence may not be verifable.
               | 
               | That's fantastic, but fails to provide any meaningful
               | input. I mean, the whole point is to have a process that
               | allows you to understand and predict how the universe
               | works. If you formulate s hypothesis that is impossible
               | to verify, how can you tell if it matches reality or if
               | it's pure nonsense? And more importantly, what's the
               | value of a system of beliefs that explains nothing and
               | does not match any observable aspect of reality? Is the
               | only value you see in that the uncertain smugness of
               | being "right", whatever that means, in spite of always
               | being wrong?
        
               | safety1st wrote:
               | I don't hear any voices in my head aside from my own. Are
               | you saying that they're present and I'm pretending
               | they're not?
               | 
               | I get impulses. Science knows about and studies these.
               | But I don't hear any voices.
        
               | overu589 wrote:
               | Every network is different (though common themes exist).
               | 
               | Firstly yes, they're probably there and not revealing
               | themselves (which is most typical.) They will either
               | reveal themselves for some purpose or not at all (I had
               | caused a stir, and a "hooligan army" went ahead and
               | "recruited" me.)
               | 
               | Well after full immersion I looked back through my life
               | and saw I was not really alone. Little things, some
               | hypnogogia here and there, odd games they play, and other
               | nonsense suppressed or blown off. Most are never aware or
               | comprehend any of it. Those that do, what would they say
               | to you? Look at these responses. And I know what is going
               | on. Most others are desperate.
               | 
               | The noisy networks are usually those of prisons. You will
               | hear very similar accounts among many who have done small
               | stints. Enough for a network to take an interest, not
               | long enough to be coerced into eternal silence. I have
               | never been to prison though you can guess what city I'm
               | from if I say "the most controversial prison system in
               | America up to a decade ago."
               | 
               | Prisons full of slave (coerced) networks is no doubt how
               | the humanity level horrors began. The streets (and all
               | humanity) are saturated with these various networks.
               | Plenty of accounts by others throughout time, you have
               | ignored them. The prisons and the black ops military
               | power cults are the worst. Don't worry, those are busy in
               | Ukraine and Gaza. What do you think these would do for
               | fun?
               | 
               | Power extorts ordinary power infrastructures of humanity.
               | No one is going to talk about it.
               | 
               | There is a "you don't talk about it" element. I don't
               | care. You cannot make me care. I so don't care I take
               | pains to be a contrarian. I make people f-off. I do not
               | capitulate. It doesn't make me "special", I'm of the few
               | who talk about it, even if it does no good. Let it then
               | be for an account. To remain silent in the face of a
               | tyranny of evil is to be complicit. Complicity be damned.
               | These want to play God among you, and they extort each
               | other for this ends.
               | 
               | And I suppose I should risk a flaggable wall of text to
               | say there are "families" who have protected and guided us
               | throughout our generations. Like all of modernity these
               | are falling apart and cannot compete with the devastating
               | industrialized efficiency of prison networks.
        
               | vintermann wrote:
               | Questions of self-identity aren't scientific questions.
               | Science, or experience more generally, can't tell you who
               | you are, or indeed, even tell you if there's one of "you"
               | in your head or many. If you assert that you are not the
               | same person you were five seconds ago, that's a
               | scientifically unassailable claim - as well as impossible
               | to prove to others.
               | 
               | So no answer to the question "who am I" is strictly
               | speaking true or false, in an objective sense. But that
               | doesn't mean all self-interpretations are equally good.
               | Some self-interpretations can be very destructive. It
               | doesn't take much imagination, or reading history books,
               | to see how defining yourself to be multiple
               | persons/personalities can be very destructive.
        
               | Xmd5a wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41980986
               | 
               | What happens when people with acute psychosis meet the
               | voices in their heads?
        
             | euranon96 wrote:
             | Do you know what is considered as "latent schizophrenia"?
             | Is it like in your 40's or 30's or just couple years after
             | the mean?
        
               | lucidrains wrote:
               | if you are a man and make it past age of 29 without
               | starting to hear voices, you can breathe a sigh of relief
               | (I did)
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | Were you afraid you had it at 29?
        
               | amarait wrote:
               | We dont even know what constitutes a mental voice. Hell,
               | a huge percentage of people cant hear their own voices in
               | their heads
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | I wonder if there are any schizophrenics with
               | dissociative identity disorder. We're not schizophrenic
               | but we have voices (we don't hear them as from outside
               | though)
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | During psychosis there is no question about what you
               | hear. You hear it. You may know it isn't real, but you
               | _hear_ it.
        
               | overu589 wrote:
               | I started hearing the voices well after 30. First it
               | began with gang stalking, and by coincidence I am from
               | the "home town" of Americas thought control elite. I was
               | "recruited" (press ganged) and it is only a determination
               | not to accept a word these say that keeps me unconcerned
               | with the collapse of the lie that is modernity in my
               | life.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | I just want to point out that psychosis and schizophrenia
               | tend to get worse over time, so while you might have a
               | handle on it now, without treatment you might not in the
               | future. They also have much better prognoses with
               | treatment, even complete remission.
               | 
               | I've watched several people go from having a grip on
               | reality, thinking they don't need treatment, to
               | absolutely losing their minds. It's tragic and I hate to
               | see it happen.
               | 
               | Point is moments of lucidity should be seized upon, I say
               | this as someone who briefly experienced psychosis after
               | extreme sleep deprivation. It was fucking terrifying and
               | I wouldn't wish that on anyone.
        
               | lucidrains wrote:
               | I am sorry to hear that.
        
               | overu589 wrote:
               | Don't be. After nearly two decades of development I
               | experience the precipice of humanity. The state of the
               | art of human consciousness. I have peered beyond the veil
               | and what I see is terrifying yet truth.
        
               | suzzer99 wrote:
               | I keep hoping my friend gets to the point where you are
               | someday. Another thing not working in our favor is she's
               | the most stubborn person I know. She thinks she can beat
               | this thing with her mind and no help from anyone.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | I have a friend like this, it's unfortunately one of the
               | prominent symptoms of schizophrenia.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Unfortunately, this is just statistics. There are cases
               | that lie outside of that age range. I know of two cases,
               | personally.
               | 
               | Things like stress, drugs, childbirth, significant life
               | changes, etc can trigger psychosis and latent
               | schizophrenia at any age, it's just statistically more
               | likely to happen during adolescence and the period right
               | after.
               | 
               | Another way to look at this is that adolescence is when
               | someone experiences new stresses, significant life
               | changes, drug experimentation, etc, which can be triggers
               | for schizophrenia especially during age-correlated
               | prodromal phases.
        
               | lucidrains wrote:
               | indeed, it just becomes less likely
        
               | suzzer99 wrote:
               | Yeah, in this case it seems to be menopause + losing her
               | job and having all the free time and nothing to focus on
               | plus who knows what other stressors. I think something
               | bad happened with her Phish friends.
               | 
               | The really tough part for me is she was out of work, so I
               | paid her to be a beta reader for my book. She's a
               | brilliant person and very detail-oriented. She went way
               | over and beyond what I asked for. She spent months and
               | took three passes on the book making different kinds of
               | notes. Then her problems seemed to come on right at the
               | end of that. I worry that all the increased mental
               | activity, and then suddenly not having anything to focus
               | on again, might have been the trigger.
        
               | mfro wrote:
               | Sounds like it was bound to happen. If she hadn't hyper
               | focused on your book, she'd likely have found something
               | else.
        
               | thrwwXZTYE wrote:
               | I kinda heard lots of whispers when I was very young
               | (like 6-7) and now I'm 40 and haven't had any such
               | problems.
               | 
               | I blamed it on the drugs I got prescripted for sleeping
               | (I had bad allergy and was scratching myself to the point
               | of bleeding during sleep so I got some "pacifying"
               | drugs).
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Older antihistamines were anticholinergics, the latter of
               | which are famous for causing vivid auditory, visual and
               | somatic hallucinations.
        
               | johnisgood wrote:
               | Also known as "delirium". They cause delirium. Benadryl
               | (DPH) for example does that. It is very dysphoric.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Lower doses can induce hallucinations before it becomes
               | full on delirium that you see in higher doses. You'll
               | regularly hear about people seeing "spiders" after taking
               | 25-50mg of Benedryl, the recommended dose.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | Well, not just drugs-children are more likely to
               | experience hallucinations even without drugs.
               | 
               | I still have vivid memories of experiencing what (in
               | hindsight) I realise were hypnopompic hallucinations,
               | around the age of 6 or 7. I wasn't taking any regular
               | medications, that I can remember. But, I grew out of it,
               | as kids usually do.
        
               | mystified5016 wrote:
               | Schizophrenia is pretty interesting this way. It's rare
               | for it to show up outside of a certain age range,
               | somewhere around 20 to 35 iirc.
               | 
               | It's strongly correlated to genetics, and most people are
               | totally asymptomatic, no idea they have it until one day
               | they do.
               | 
               | The story of sudden-onset schizophrenia inducing a
               | psychosis making the patient unwilling to consider
               | treatment is depressingly common.
        
               | ryanjshaw wrote:
               | > It's strongly correlated to genetics, and most people
               | are totally asymptomatic, no idea they have it until one
               | day they do.
               | 
               | Depending on whose stats you go with, you can also argue
               | that most people with schizophrenia never know they have
               | it due to anosognosia.
        
           | crtified wrote:
           | I wonder if alcohol is one of the seemingly harmless drugs
           | whose abuse catalyzes such conditions in susceptible people.
           | 
           | Because, if so, then alcohol's ubiquity in society would
           | imply that _it_ is probably responsible (in the sense that
           | substances are responsible) for _most_ such conversions.
        
             | jamal-kumar wrote:
             | It's kind of worse with alcohol because the psychosis
             | associated with that as an exacerbating factor is more
             | related to alcoholic encephalopathy, Wernicke-Korsakoff
             | syndrome etc... much of which can be brought on with self
             | medicating with alcohol. Definitely a component but more
             | like psychosis and mania drive you to drink because these
             | experiences are awful more than a causative factor that's
             | been proven
             | 
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459134/
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | The aldehydes that are produced from drinking alcohol
             | heighten the risk for schizophrenia if you carry certain
             | genetics.
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26941382/
        
               | Melatonic wrote:
               | Interesting - we've known these are very bad for you for
               | years but I had not heard of a direct link
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | Even peculiarly stressful life events can trigger onset
        
             | amy214 wrote:
             | Complicated interaction.
             | 
             | Schizos may take alcohol or cigarettes to calm down, a form
             | of self medication. On the long term these may worsen, in
             | the immediate they help. Why do you think they smoke a
             | lot?!? To treat. If you smoke or drink, what do you do
             | after a tough day - smoke or drink, to relax, feels great.
             | Schizos may have a tough day , but not from external
             | stimuli, but from internal stimuli
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Nicotine is a more effective schizophrenia treatment than
               | the actual medications, which is why over 80% of them
               | smoke.
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2613326/
        
             | Melatonic wrote:
             | Alcohol is pretty bad for your brain so I would not be
             | surprised. And while it's not really a hallucinogen itself
             | (comparatively) I've heard some pretty hellish stories of
             | severe alcohol withdrawals. Just going without sleep
             | (completely) for several days can cause hallucinations and
             | stress - and this is a common symptom of more serious
             | withdrawal.
             | 
             | I would imagine other drugs which produce severe (and
             | stressful) withdrawal could also trigger this. The stress
             | alone cannot be good.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | One of my ex' father triggered a lifelong episode of
           | schyzophrenia by excessive drinking during mandatory military
           | service around age 18-19. So i'd say there are number of
           | triggers
        
             | Loughla wrote:
             | Alternate theory; schizophrenia tends to manifest in men
             | between 18 and 22. The drinking was him self medicating
             | because of symptoms he was experiencing?
        
               | reactordev wrote:
               | Final thesis: schizophrenia was starting to manifest and
               | the drinking was him self medicating, not knowing it was
               | making the schizophrenia worse and causing further harm.
        
           | quickthrowman wrote:
           | Or perhaps people predisposed to schizophrenia are more
           | likely to seek out drugs. Something like 9 in 10
           | schizophrenics smoke cigarettes too, is schizophrenia caused
           | by nicotine or do schizophrenics smoke because they're
           | predisposed to do so? I find it hard to believe that so many
           | schizophrenics smoke cigarettes and are not also predisposed
           | towards using other drugs.
           | 
           | I think blindly accepting the statement 'drugs can cause
           | schizophrenia' is harmful because we don't actually know if
           | the drugs trigger it or if the disorder makes them seek out
           | drugs.
        
             | treyd wrote:
             | Iirc, there's some evidence that suggests that nicotine
             | helps with the symptoms, so it's self-medicating.
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | It's important to know that the correlation can have some
           | other cause. Like that people with predisposition to
           | schizophrenia may seek out drugs.
           | 
           | Keep in mind also the typical onset for schizophrenia is
           | teenage years or early 20s in men, and is often later, up to
           | early 30s in women. These are years you might experiment with
           | drugs.
        
         | comrade1234 wrote:
         | You don't develop schizophrenia in your 50s. It sounds like you
         | track her behavior and habits quite closely?
        
           | suzzer99 wrote:
           | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/schizophr.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://archive.ph/zT99C
           | 
           | > But when the protective hormone is withdrawn during
           | menopause, some who avoided earlier psychosis get a later
           | onset. Having a first experience after age 40 is uncommon,
           | but it may include up to 15 percent of the women with
           | schizophrenia--twice the percentage of men who have
           | schizophrenia onset after age 40.
        
           | superb_dev wrote:
           | > It sounds like you track her behavior and habits quite
           | closely?
           | 
           | No it doesn't. It sounds like they're really concerned about
           | a loved one who went off the deep end.
        
         | e1ghtSpace wrote:
         | You should get her to watch one of these:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E61Hup6hWWc
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZSWS6rNv0I
        
           | abbadadda wrote:
           | why?
        
         | krstffr wrote:
         | My friend had a very similar episode with a psychosis, but
         | turned out to be bipolar, not schizophrenic. Sounds very
         | similar though!
         | 
         | He was smoking a lot of weed leading up to and during the
         | psychosis.
         | 
         | Ended up in psychiatric ward for a month, which was followed by
         | a couple of years of depression/introspection/therapy, but is
         | now doing great with lithium.
        
           | woodpanel wrote:
           | It's why I profoundly dislike the line of thinking that
           | easier access to drugs means social progress.
           | 
           | It's rather a shedding off of an inconvenience for those that
           | have no (direct) problems of functioning (eg risk of
           | developing addiction, psychosis, etc) at the heavy costs
           | payed by those that are more vulnerable.
        
             | adaptbrian wrote:
             | I'm all for getting illicit drug users out of jail, that's
             | social progress. There needs to be more education and
             | attempt at shoring up mental health in the public sector
             | and not just kicking everyone into a room and calling it a
             | day, like the problem is solved.
        
             | anticorporate wrote:
             | > It's why I profoundly dislike the line of thinking that
             | easier access to drugs means social progress.
             | 
             | While that framing might change the aperture for people to
             | support decriminalization efforts, " _helping people who
             | have addiction_ means social progress " is the greater good
             | here.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, at least from a USian perspective, we only
             | got so far as the decriminalizing part, and we did it while
             | actually cutting a lot of the social services, health care
             | access, and safety net that actually help people with
             | addiction function in society.
             | 
             | I had a parent with schizophrenia. I can tell you what a
             | privilege it is to have my cannabis use be the primary risk
             | factor I have to worry about, and not the financial stress
             | and eventual homelessness, untreated health issues, and
             | lack of mental health support my father faced.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | I have more friends mucked up by LSD like drugs than any other
         | type - at any rate three of them and I don't have much in the
         | way of junkie of alcoholic friends. I say LSD like as they all
         | took other stuff. From my n=3 data I'd say if you do it more
         | than once a week for more than two years you have a good chance
         | of ending up like your friend.
        
           | MarcelOlsz wrote:
           | It's called "getting fried". Know many people that fried
           | themselves doing that stuff recreationally every weekend.
           | Good rule of thumb is if they can't hold their alcohol they
           | won't be able to hold their psychs.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Of course there's a downside. It's a tale as old as time. Some
         | new miracle cure comes on the scene and people promote it
         | without relaying the risks. You see this with mushrooms, pot,
         | etc going back to snake oil and silphium. I've never looked
         | into it, but I would bet that there are no medications that
         | exist that don't have some sort of side effect or increase in
         | risk of some negative outcome. So if someone is pushing a
         | cure/medicine its best to assume there is risk, even if we
         | don't yet know the risk.
        
           | lotyrin wrote:
           | As opposed to what belief? That it is possible for there to
           | be medical interventions or substances that are entirely
           | risk-free regardless of your individual circumstances,
           | potentially hidden allergies, or other known or unknown
           | contraindications? Was anyone ever under such an impression?
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "Was anyone ever under such an impression?"
             | 
             | If you've ever listened to some of people pushing or
             | debating psychedelics, or natural remedies, or even
             | "totally safe" vaccines, then it should be readily
             | apparent.
        
               | cosmic_cheese wrote:
               | Vaccines are a bit of a different can of worms in that
               | first generally, they're well-studied and the risks are
               | reasonably well known, and second the impact isn't solely
               | personal -- you're trading off in most cases a small risk
               | for the betterment of society -- maintaining herd
               | immunity, reducing capacity for spreading, etc depending
               | on vaccine. The lives of many others can be negatively
               | impacted, in some cases fatally, by one's personal choice
               | to not partake. There's a certain amount of social
               | responsibility involved.
               | 
               | Psychoactives and homeopathy have plenty of capacity to
               | be harmful and aren't necessarily anywhere near as well
               | studied, but at least their effects are more bounded to
               | the individual. (This does not however justify pushing
               | them blindly.)
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | The context of this thread is that anything that is a
               | medication has some sort of side effect and that some
               | people overlook that. This is just as true for vaccines
               | as for mushrooms. Cost benefit analysis is completely
               | different.
        
               | cosmic_cheese wrote:
               | As much as side effects get overlooked in some
               | circumstances, they're wildly overplayed in others and
               | sometimes become the singular factor going into cost-
               | benefit analysis, which is a problem.
               | 
               | The same way that not acknowledging that some accepted-
               | as-benign substances can bring about mental health
               | crises, overweighting of personal risks can cause weight-
               | bearing pillars of modern society to crumble.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | The effects of drugs aren't bound to the individual,
               | that's the reason nearly all societies have banned them
               | throughout history: they cause addicts to create large
               | external costs.
               | 
               | Saying vaccines are well studied is like saying drugs are
               | well studied, it's a category error. You can't study
               | vaccines as a whole, and the quality of studies of
               | specific cases vary wildly. As a consequence, common
               | psychedelics are probably much better studied than some
               | common vaccines. LSD in 2025 is the same substance as it
               | was when it first became available, as far as I know, and
               | there's lots of research into its effects. Compare that
               | to the COVID vaccines which weren't even the same
               | substance from trial to deployment, as the manufacturing
               | process was changed completely. The trials were done on
               | vaccine made using a very slow, non-scalable and
               | expensive process that yielded a very pure result. The
               | stuff people actually took was made using a totally
               | different process designed for cheap mass manufacture.
               | That second process had problems, leading to DNA
               | contamination in some batches, which seems to explain why
               | injury effect reports clustered by batch serial number.
               | 
               | All this was heavily suppressed for a long time (e.g. by
               | rules forbidding study of vaccine vials), but has been
               | coming out over the past year or so as the initial
               | findings were confirmed. Research into psychedelics at
               | least doesn't have that kind of problem, I think?
        
         | andai wrote:
         | Cannabis is also a potent psychedelic, and its association with
         | psychosis is well established.
         | 
         | (Not to condemn psychedelics, I just think the pendulum has
         | swung a bit too far in the "it's totally harmless" direction.)
         | 
         | Could you elaborate on The Game? What did she say about this?
        
           | dsego wrote:
           | As someone who has a person with psychosis in my family, I
           | don't think you can find any interesting insights from the
           | details of their delusions. It's like dissecting dreams or AI
           | slop, there is no hidden meaning behind it. Usually best not
           | to discuss it.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | As someone who has had psychotic breaks, you aren't going to
           | learn anything from what was going on in their head.
        
             | suzzer99 wrote:
             | 100% agree with this. It's not rational in any way. From
             | the period of time when she was still talking to us at
             | least, there's no reasoning with it.
        
           | dialup_sounds wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideas_and_delusions_of_referen.
           | ..
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | _> Cannabis is also a potent psychedelic, and its association
           | with psychosis is well established._
           | 
           | It's really fascinating to read this, because Alex Berenson
           | has been beating this drum for a while now and he claims the
           | psychosis risk has been downplayed or even denied. It's easy
           | to find evidence supporting his take because if you just
           | search Google for [cannabis legalization psychosis] you get a
           | big pile of papers like this one:
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36696111
           | 
           |  _" Abstract: Psychosis is a hypothesized consequence of
           | cannabis use. Legalization of cannabis could therefore be
           | associated with an increase in rates of health care
           | utilization for psychosis [...] states with legalization
           | policies experienced no statistically significant increase in
           | rates of psychosis-related diagnoses"_
           | 
           | That's from 2023. So apparently it's not that well
           | established? Or if it's well established, there's a lot of
           | researchers denying it.
        
           | greenaccountpun wrote:
           | I've used cannabis a handful of times. The first was a bong
           | hit, and I felt a little funny. The second was a bong hit and
           | I was seeing a light show half an hour later. The third was a
           | bong hit and I got paranoia and dry mouth. The fourth was one
           | square of THC chocolate and I felt a little funny and
           | relaxed. The last time was two squares of chocolate. I was
           | out for the evening with visual and auditory hallucinations.
           | 
           | I realize modern preparations are stronger, but the amount is
           | too low, the dosage difference between relaxed and out there
           | is too small, and after doing some research, it sounds like
           | this is a sign I'm either more prone to schizophrenia, it
           | could trigger it, or increase my likelihood of getting it, so
           | the slightly relaxing high isn't worth it.
        
         | iamnotagenius wrote:
         | > She thinks she's in some kind of Truman show that she calls
         | "the game".
         | 
         | Might be depersonalization. I had suffered from it in my
         | twenties; everything feels fake, although you know it is not.
        
           | ChainnChompp wrote:
           | Derealization, I believe - not depersonalization? Believing
           | everything around _you_ to be made up - perhaps even by
           | yourself in some cases. Feel free to correct me if I 'm
           | wrong, just trying to make sure I have the terminology
           | correct
        
             | hshshshshsh wrote:
             | So brain realizes it's completely making up the reality on
             | fly?
        
         | prophesi wrote:
         | I believe since the 80's it's been well-established that people
         | with a predisposition to schizophrenia have a greater risk to
         | break out into psychosis when taking hallucinogenics. Even with
         | today's clinical trials, they will exclude those with a family
         | history of psychosis/schizophrenia.
        
         | absurdo wrote:
         | > She thinks she's in some kind of Truman show that she calls
         | "the game". Since none of her friends or family are willing to
         | admit to it, then we must be in on it.
         | 
         | She's the most intelligent of the bunch for entertaining this
         | possibility. The rest of you are fucking morons living day in
         | day out without an iota of thought as to what you're doing
         | here.
         | 
         | It's not schizophrenia or psychosis. It's just denial and
         | delusion by everyone around her.
        
           | ryanjshaw wrote:
           | Plenty of intelligent people _entertain_ this possibility, as
           | well as many other possibilities, around how our world works.
           | 
           | If they then become obsessed with the idea being a _fact_ and
           | refuse to even _consider_ updating their mental model when
           | presented with evidence contradicting it then they have
           | developed a _fixed belief_.
           | 
           | When that fixed belief is not common among their culture, it
           | becomes a _bizarre fixed belief_.
           | 
           | When, as a result of their obsession with those bizarre fixed
           | beliefs, they are unable to function (hygiene, nutrition,
           | finances, care of their dependents, etc.) - then there's a
           | problem.
           | 
           | Or do you think a mind is a perfect thing that can never be
           | ill?
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > When that fixed belief is not common among their culture,
             | it becomes a bizarre fixed belief.
             | 
             | > When, as a result of their obsession with those bizarre
             | fixed beliefs, they are unable to function (hygiene,
             | nutrition, finances, care of their dependents, etc.) - then
             | there's a problem.
             | 
             | But why does the issue of whether it is "common among their
             | culture" matter? A person unable to function due to a non-
             | bizarre fixed belief has just as big a problem as a person
             | unable to function due to a bizarre fixed belief, if we
             | assume the same degree of functional impairment in each
             | case. The question of whether the belief is "bizarre" seems
             | irrelevant, and possibly even encoding cultural prejudice
        
               | ksenzee wrote:
               | "Common among their culture" is a quick way of
               | determining whether lots of other people are able to hold
               | this belief and function fine. It also suggests an origin
               | for the belief that isn't unique to the person. You can't
               | go around saying "ah this person's problem is they
               | believe in angels" if the person's belief in angels is
               | simply part of their religion or culture. "But they
               | believe in imaginary beings" is not a helpful observation
               | in that context.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > "Common among their culture" is a quick way of
               | determining whether lots of other people are able to hold
               | this belief and function fine.
               | 
               | But some people's functioning is impaired by beliefs
               | common to their culture, whereas other people have very
               | unusual beliefs but aren't impaired by them to anywhere
               | near the same degree
               | 
               | One person obsesses so much over "culture war" topics
               | they lose their job... another person spends all their
               | free time contemplating elaborate idiosyncratic theories
               | of parallel universes, yet still manages to put a lid on
               | it at work to a sufficient degree to keep their job. The
               | first person has a non-bizarre obsession with serious
               | functional impairment (they lose their job due to it),
               | the second a bizarre obsession but the degree of
               | functional impairment is significantly less. So the fact
               | that we label one obsession "bizarre" and the other "non-
               | bizarre" seems of little relevance
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | People who reject in-group socio-economic norms and isolate
         | themselves from their previous in-group may or may not be
         | mentally ill. If they were in one of those cults that programs
         | their members behaviors incessantly, then it's entirely
         | plausible that they became sane and escaped from a community of
         | insane people.
         | 
         | For example, I've met several people who reported the set of
         | symptoms and behaviors you describe - but in their case, 'the
         | game' involved the fact they came from a wealthy extended
         | family whose entire existence revolved around hanging onto
         | their pool of capital and ensuring some rogue family member
         | didn't gain control of the capital, which funded all their
         | connected lives (including this guy, who was able to travel the
         | country and go to music shows solely because of his family-
         | linked trust fund). The game they all played was keeping the
         | family members that controlled the capital happy, rather than
         | going out into the world and finding jobs, making their own
         | money, and being self-sufficient.
         | 
         | There's just not enough information in your post to evaluate
         | whether the example was escaping from a cult or being
         | indoctrinated into another cult, who is sane and who is crazy,
         | etc.
        
           | suzzer99 wrote:
           | This isn't one of those cases. She had a career and tons of
           | friends and now she's shunned everything. Her family lives in
           | another state and had zero influence on her life.
           | 
           | But we can't do anything because she still knows how to take
           | care of herself and isn't a danger to herself or others. So
           | it's just sad.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > I've lost one of my best friends to what I think is
         | schizophrenia. We don't know because she's cut off all contact
         | with friends and family and refuses to see a doctor. It's
         | definitely psychosis.
         | 
         | Schizophrenia is not defined strictly enough that it's possible
         | for you to be right or wrong when you say your friend has it.
         | 
         | Here's a discussion of the change in diagnostic criteria from
         | DSM-IV to DSM-V, which has the side effect of describing what
         | the criteria formerly were and now are:
         | https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/dsm-5-changes-schizop...
         | 
         | Has your friend seen
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Game_(1997_film) ?
        
           | suzzer99 wrote:
           | Yes, I agree with that. I'm just guessing because she's super
           | paranoid of doctors. One of the downsides of being in and
           | around the wellness community for decades.
           | 
           | I don't know if she's seen The Game, but I do know that she's
           | always had a deep insecurity about being the naive one in the
           | room, being the one not in on the joke. It seems like this
           | thing plays on your worst fears and brings them to life.
        
         | roarcher wrote:
         | > whenever I see wellness healers and the like extolling the
         | virtues of psilocybin, I want to point out that there could be
         | a downside
         | 
         | Anecdotally, I had a friend once who was very into psilocybin
         | for its mind-expanding properties. He certainly thought he was
         | enlightened and loved to brag about the great understanding
         | he'd gained from his trips, but he was one of the more selfish
         | and un-curious people I've ever known. It seems to me that
         | these drugs create a feeling of having accessed great
         | knowledge, but the "knowledge" is just whatever nonsense your
         | brain conjures up on the fly, like a dream world that makes
         | sense while you're asleep but whose logic falls apart the
         | moment you wake up.
        
           | 1propionyl wrote:
           | As someone who _has_ gotten a lot out of psychedelics
           | therapeutically, you are correct. Psychedelics do not in of
           | themselves grant any insight or wisdom beyond perhaps raw
           | experiential evidence that our senses are fallible and our
           | perception of the world is an artifact of cognition.
           | 
           | Past that, psychedelics are (kaleidoscopic, funhouse)
           | _mirrors_. In the hands of a curious and humble person they
           | can (in addition to being a lot of fun shared with like-
           | minded others) be valuable therapeutic tools for approaching
           | firmly rooted hangups, attitudes, etc. In the hands of
           | someone like your friend, you get what you observed.
           | 
           | Both are commonly occurring patterns, and if you know a
           | person's character even a little well you can usually predict
           | how they'll engage with and come out of the experience.
           | 
           | To quote Shulgin,
           | 
           | > The most compelling insight of that day was that this
           | awesome recall had been brought about by a fraction of a gram
           | of a white solid, but that in no way whatsoever could it be
           | argued that these memories had been contained within the
           | white solid. Everything I had recognized came from the depths
           | of my memory and my psyche.
        
             | roarcher wrote:
             | That tracks with what I've heard about people getting
             | genuine therapeutic benefits from it, like with PTSD.
             | Thanks.
        
           | suzzer99 wrote:
           | Yeah the main great insight I got out of doing that stuff was
           | to see reality from a different perspective for a while. Kind
           | of like travelling and realizing that things you take for
           | granted aren't the same in every culture.
           | 
           | But I never felt like I was getting at some deeper meaning,
           | and it wasn't something I wanted to keep doing throughout my
           | life.
        
       | Throwaway42754 wrote:
       | I have schizoaffective disorder, induced by a bad trip from
       | marijuana. It was like the 3rd time I had tried weed, and I
       | naively took too much.
       | 
       | For me psychosis feels like pattern matching going on extreme
       | overdrive, while at the same time memory goes to shit. It's truly
       | an awful illness, and what's worse is that the current medical
       | treatments are bad. I've been fortunate enough where I can get by
       | on a low dose olanzapine, but for many people they simply don't
       | work at all.
       | 
       | Even though I'm doing well enough to function normally and hold
       | down a good, well paying job, it's impossible to find a partner.
       | If I were to have kids, I would have to go through one of the
       | embryo prescreening services. I am strongly in support of these
       | screening services - the disease is truly horrible.
       | 
       | There has been little progress on treatments for schizophrenia,
       | the mechanism of action of these drugs has remained the same for
       | decades. The side effects are almost as bad as the disease, which
       | is why so many schizophrenic stop taking them. The only novel
       | medication recently released is Cobenfy, which I have not tried
       | yet.
       | 
       | Personally I am holding out hope that schizophrenia has some
       | basis as an autoimmune disease. There was a cancer patient who
       | had a bone marrow transplant and ended up being cured:
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/opinion/sunday/schizophre...
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | I have family with that.
         | 
         | The most striking thing, is the _absolute certainty_ of the
         | thinking. They feel as if their thinking is crystal-clear, and
         | that they are the only one that  "sees the patterns."
         | 
         | Currently, they're doing well. I know of others, that are not
         | so fortunate.
         | 
         | It seems that pot is about the _worst_ thing that a
         | schizoaffective /schizophrenic person can use. They are better
         | off chewing tabs of acid. I've not used it in about 45 years,
         | and I've heard that today's pot is a heck of a lot stronger
         | than what I remember.
        
           | pfannkuchen wrote:
           | Can I ask how you are sure they haven't had some novel
           | insight that you just don't currently understand? Like maybe
           | they are bad at explaining but whatever pattern they noticed
           | is valid?
           | 
           | I'm not defending them as I don't know any details, I'm just
           | curious how you came to be certain about your assessment.
        
             | Avicebron wrote:
             | I wonder about this as well...like maybe there's some
             | comfort in automatically "diagnosing" someone when they
             | might see patterns or think in ways that challenge your
             | priors..
             | 
             | EDIT: Imagine being powerful and wealthy and assured in
             | your position in the Catholic Church and someone comes
             | along and questions geocentricity and says you're wrong.
             | It's a pretty easy leap to huffily say well, they are
             | "mentally ill, crazy, delusional, paranoid"
        
               | throw18376 wrote:
               | all kinds of authoritarian regimes and movements
               | certainly do this.
               | 
               | that said... you just have to have a conversation with
               | someone experiencing psychosis. it's a totally altered
               | state of consciousness, they are sensing and
               | understanding the world in a radically different way.
               | it's never just an otherwise normal person with a
               | nonconformist belief.
        
             | marcher wrote:
             | I can't speak for the above person, but what the OP of this
             | comment thread said also tracks with my own experience of
             | schizoaffective disorder: when I'm psychotic, the pattern
             | matching part of my brain goes into overdrive and not only
             | does my brain erroneously fill in the blanks in sensory
             | input (causing hallucinations), it does the same thing on
             | an abstract or logical level with ideas and people. It's
             | easy to fall into the trap of paranoid delusion when you
             | feel like you're seeing connections between so many
             | otherwise benign, disconnected things and events.
             | 
             | I think what really gets me is that despite my constant
             | vigilance and skepticism toward my own thoughts, I simply
             | cannot talk myself out of how truly real those delusions
             | feel when they happen. I can even acknowledge how absurd
             | they are, even in the moment, but I can never shake the
             | feeling that they're still very, very real. It's so
             | maddening. The best I can do is to just not act on those
             | thoughts.
             | 
             | Maybe the above person's family is actually unearthing
             | valid insights, but if they're prone to psychosis, in that
             | state they'll be prone to finding connections,
             | associations, patterns, and so on between things in a way
             | that doesn't hold up to scrutiny. It'll feel very real to
             | them in the moment, but when they exit that state (if they
             | do) they'll likely be on the same page as others in
             | thinking those ideas were a stretch.
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | Do you take adhd medication by any chance?
        
               | marcher wrote:
               | I used to on and off in the past, but I found it made me
               | more prone to mania, so I've since stopped. Why do you
               | ask?
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | Stimulant induced psychosis is very common. One of the
               | major side effects of those medications, just like their
               | street cousin, is paranoia.
               | 
               | I don't really believe in the dormant/latent argument
               | because once you shift down to the underground (as in,
               | entertain all possibilities, even the possibility that
               | you share something in common with drug abusers) where
               | people abuse drugs, there you can see just how common
               | psychosis is.
               | 
               | The drugs fuck people up. Interestingly, after many years
               | of laying off the substance, many do find their way out
               | of the psychosis.
               | 
               | Many people are actually caught in this trap and don't
               | tell anyone because they are struggling between reality
               | and their delusions and trying to present a calm face to
               | the world. It's often directly the result of the
               | substance, but it's allowed to fester in the person due
               | to all kinds of reasons ( _"hey, I'm really going to
               | confess this is the crazy shit that feels believable to
               | me?"_ ). By the time they are done wrestling with reality
               | and unreality, often they are left extremely damaged from
               | the ordeal psychologically.
        
               | marcher wrote:
               | I can't say I've experienced psychosis due to stimulant
               | use personally, but I see what you mean. For me it's
               | maybe brought on instances of hypomania a few times, but
               | I get how it could trigger issues in others, especially
               | in high doses.
               | 
               | My instances of psychosis outside of depression/mania
               | tend to be triggered by stress. I don't use drugs or take
               | any stimulant medications, but they still just happen
               | sometimes. It sucks. I'm thankfully not in an active
               | episode at the moment, but I do suffer on a daily basis
               | from the "negative" symptoms of schizoaffective disorder
               | (i.e., the symptoms that take away function, like
               | anhedonia, avolition, alogia, etc).
        
               | accidentallfact wrote:
               | This is how we got all the "jews" intellectuals and other
               | people who fought the evil fascists, angkor, and so on,
               | who were "murdering intelligent people".
        
               | kridsdale3 wrote:
               | My brother has schizophrenia. He has never met or
               | interacted with any jewish people, and lives in a part of
               | the world where they have no influence. He still fell
               | entirely for online antisemitism and will text me insane
               | messages about the typical theories.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | I'm not certain, but, in the case of my family member,
             | their "certainty" is that everyone is conspiring to kill
             | them. As I am one of the "conspirators," I can assure you
             | that they are _dead wrong_.
             | 
             | Also, in my days of yute, I was fairly profligate in the
             | use of ... _mind-enhancing chemicals_ , shall we say. They
             | basically gave me the same exact certainty and "insight."
             | 
             | Once, I decided to write down the marvelous insight that I
             | experienced, while tripping. I wrote a whole bunch of stuff
             | in a notebook, and then read it, a couple of days later.
             | 
             | It was pure gibberish. Made no sense at all.
             | 
             |  _[EDITED TO ADD] I should say that I had the luxury of
             | having two distinct states of mind, including a "control
             | state," in which to review the ramblings in the "enhanced"
             | state. This is not a luxury that someone suffering from
             | schizoaffective disorder has. They have no idea that their
             | thinking is off._
        
             | dwaltrip wrote:
             | Talk to them for 2 minutes when they are having an episode.
             | The effects are not subtle.
             | 
             | It's an extremely debilitating condition.
        
             | sandspar wrote:
             | Schizophrenics do sometimes have novel insights. I've
             | noticed that schizophrenics tend to be extremely talented
             | at coming up with deeply cutting insults. Like, insults
             | that will change how you see yourself forever. Something
             | about high pattern recognition. Plus an ability to mentally
             | "go there", to countenance dark things that other people
             | willfully ignore.
        
           | mandmandam wrote:
           | > It seems that pot is about the worst thing that a
           | schizoaffective/schizophrenic person can use.
           | 
           | This isn't entirely true, and it's a dangerous misconception.
           | High THC, low CBD cannabis wouldn't be recommended, but
           | that's exactly what making cannabis illegal selects for.
           | 
           | High CBD, low/zero THC cannabis, on the other hand, will
           | probably be one of the paths to treatment if we ever get over
           | our Reefer Madness and pharmaceutical obsession.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | Eh, maybe. I can certainly say that I have "skin in the
             | game." Someone very dear to me suffers from it, and it's
             | difficult to hear theories from folks that don't have as
             | much of a stake.
             | 
             | That's one reason that I have compassion for parents of
             | autistic children, that are vehemently anti-vax. I
             | completely disagree with their stance, but I know what they
             | are dealing with, and the very real fears and stresses that
             | they are under.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | > it's difficult to hear theories from folks that don't
               | have as much of a stake.
               | 
               | It's not a theory that CBD has anti-psychotic properties.
               | It certainly _does_ , we just don't fully understand
               | _why_.
               | 
               | My theory is that it will someday be part of treatment
               | plans; and as someone with skin in the game I would hope
               | that you care enough to learn a bit more about it. The
               | comparison to anti-vaxxers with autism in the family is
               | not appropriate here.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | _> is not appropriate here_
               | 
               | Actually, if the agenda of pushing CBD therapy applies,
               | then it is. I know a number of folks that have autistic
               | children, of various levels, from "nerd," to "wheelchair-
               | bound." Their parents are usually absolute saints,
               | regardless of their political views, or misinformation
               | diets, and live in _constant_ pain; making daily
               | sacrifices that I don 't think many folks here, can even
               | comprehend.
               | 
               | We were discussing a _serious_ mental illness, and, as
               | someone that is a caregiver for someone like that, I
               | think that my _experience_ is relevant; just as someone
               | who believes that their child 's condition was caused by
               | something that is really a red herring.
               | 
               | The real villains, here, are the people that have
               | secondary agendas (like legalizing drugs, or pushing
               | political agendas), and look at people like us, with
               | _very real_ pain, as nothing but pawns, to be used to
               | push their agenda _(Think of the children!)_.
               | 
               | CBD, like Blockchain, probably has some valid
               | application, but, because it was so unexplored,
               | scientifically, it is currently about 75% snake-oil.
               | We'll find out what it's good for, over time. The same
               | can be said for other drugs, like MDMA, microdose LSD, or
               | psilocybin.
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | > The real villains, here, are the people that have
               | secondary agendas (like legalizing drugs, or pushing
               | political agendas)
               | 
               | The _natural_ state of affairs is silence, as plants don
               | 't care about humans. The actual history of plant
               | illegalization is inherently political, and inextricably
               | racist in America due to Nixon.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | I agree, except that the racism involved with prohibition
               | goes right back to Day 1 with Harry Anslinger [0].
               | 
               | 0 - https://duckduckgo.com/?t=ffab&q=harry+anslinger+raci
               | sm&atb=...
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | I agree, except that isn't how you cite sources. What's
               | the point of that? I know how to search, thanks. I will
               | treat every instance of this kind of "let me Google that
               | for you" whether it has Google or not as a native ad and
               | will flag. Please cite a source, or don't, but either
               | way, stop shilling.
               | 
               | Thanks.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | > that isn't how you cite sources
               | 
               | And this isn't an academic paper. If you want to learn
               | about Anslinger, so you don't make false claims, my link
               | is a perfectly cromulent starting point.
               | 
               | > Please cite a source, or don't, but either way, stop
               | shilling.
               | 
               | Not sure you know what shilling means - I trust you can
               | google it if you don't? If you do, what is it you believe
               | I'm shilling?
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | > Not sure you know what shilling means - I trust you can
               | google it if you don't? If you do, what is it you believe
               | I'm shilling?
               | 
               | The search engine you mentioned is who benefits.
               | 
               | We're both right, actually. I don't disagree with what
               | you said, just the needless url you linked. I agree with
               | what you said, but Nixon is also responsible for his
               | racist words and recordings thereof. There were a lot of
               | racists in history.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | CBD _has_ an antipsychotic effect. There 's not really
               | any debate on that in the scientific community, and I've
               | already provided a link. That's not part of some sinister
               | agenda to legalize cannabis, it's just stating facts to
               | clear up the misinformation which at this point you are
               | _willfully_ repeating.
               | 
               | > The real villains, here, are the people that have
               | secondary agendas (like legalizing drugs, or pushing
               | political agendas), and look at people like us, with very
               | real pain, as nothing but pawns, to be used to push their
               | agenda
               | 
               | Your assumption that I don't also have personal
               | experience, and a stake, and real pain with this issue is
               | based on what exactly? Did I miss the part where you
               | asked me about my own experience, or does _your_ personal
               | experience trump my own for some reason?
               | 
               | I do, in fact, have all three. That has no bearing
               | whatsoever on the basic fact that CBD _has_ confirmed
               | anti-psychotic potential with particular regard to
               | schizophrenia, as was already linked above.
               | 
               | Finally, there's no secret agenda here - cannabis
               | _should_ be legalized. It 's just basic common sense and
               | decency, for all the reasons I've already stated and
               | more. Prohibition doesn't work and we have decades of
               | data proving that beyond any doubt.
               | 
               | Have rates of psychosis shot up in states where cannabis
               | was legalized? No, according to a massive analysis of
               | 63,680,589 beneficiaries followed for 2,015,189,706
               | person-months [0]. So please, stop with the reefer
               | madness. I'm sorry about your family member but if you
               | want to help people you could really try looking at the
               | data.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | _> I do, in fact, have all three._
               | 
               | I don't believe you. If you had, you would have led with
               | it, just like I did. I value people that have skin in the
               | game. Jenny McCarthy is a big fat pain in the ass, but
               | she really does have an autistic kid, is a good mother,
               | and has formed her worldview around that.
               | 
               |  _> So please, stop with the reefer madness._
               | 
               | WTF? I've never believed that crap in my life.
               | Interesting that it's important to you, that I support
               | that twisted worldview. You've mentioned it a couple of
               | times, so it seems to be something that you're fixated
               | on.
               | 
               | I do, however, have _considerable_ experience with the
               | fallout from drug use. I have spent my entire adult life,
               | helping folks out, who have had their lives shattered by
               | it. There are a small percentage of the population that
               | can 't handle drugs, and need help to recover from it. I
               | do my best to help them out, and don't insist that the
               | vast majority of the population change their worldview to
               | fit mine.
               | 
               | Personally, I think that pot should be legal everywhere,
               | including at the federal level (which will basically kill
               | all the "mom and pop" operations out there, so be careful
               | what you pray for). I don't use it, and don't care,
               | myself. That doesn't make me an enemy.
               | 
               | I'd gently suggest that a professional forum, read by
               | many of the most influential people in tech, might not be
               | the best place to be a crusader for drug use.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | > I don't believe you. If you had, you would have led
               | with it, just like I did.
               | 
               | You really can't imagine someone arguing from scientific
               | research over their own personal experience?
               | 
               | > Jenny McCarthy is a big fat pain in the ass
               | 
               | Again with the autism/vaccines comparison, again missing
               | the point, again doing yourself and your family member a
               | disservice.
               | 
               | > WTF? I've never believed that crap in my life.
               | 
               | You keep repeating the claim that there's no therapeutic
               | value to cannabis. That's madness, my friend, by the very
               | literal definition of ignoring reality.
               | 
               | > don't insist that the vast majority of the population
               | change their worldview to fit mine.
               | 
               | That's exactly what you're doing though? You're insisting
               | that people ignore the research which I've linked
               | multiple times now, and adopt your worldview which is
               | based on vague assertions and claims; and you insist that
               | anyone would argue the same way as you're doing when
               | that's neither true or sensible.
               | 
               | > Personally, I think that pot should be legal
               | everywhere, including at the federal level (which will
               | basically kill all the "mom and pop" operations out
               | there, so be careful what you pray for).
               | 
               | Huh? I can't tell if you're insinuating I'm a drug dealer
               | or what your point is here. I'm certainly not the one who
               | made this debate about whether cannabis should be legal
               | or not; I just pointed out that prohibition made it much
               | more dangerous to consume.
               | 
               | > I'd gently suggest that a professional forum, read by
               | many of the most influential people in tech, might not be
               | the best place to be a crusader for drug use.
               | 
               | As has been pointed out by people above, you're the one
               | on the crusade here. My point, which I've repeated many
               | times now, is that CBD has shown potential to help people
               | vulnerable to psychosis and schizophrenia. I don't know
               | why that triggers you so hard, or why you can't engage
               | with the research which shows that very clearly, but I
               | wish you the best all the same.
        
               | talentedcoin wrote:
               | The one paper you keep shopping around here does indeed
               | affirm that CBD may have some neuroprotective properties.
               | That doesn't change the fact that for the vast majority
               | of people susceptible to schizophrenia or psychosis, that
               | cannabis (always a mixture of THC and CBD in its natural
               | state) is dangerous for them and can trigger mental
               | issues. You can feel superior or more intelligent than
               | others as much as you like, but that will not change this
               | fact. You are getting a negative reaction from people who
               | know this because we have been negatively affected by it,
               | either ourselves or people we know. If you yourself
               | "engage with the research" beyond your tunnel vision, you
               | will see that the link between cannabis and mental issues
               | is pretty well established by this point. In fact,
               | refusal to acknowledge downsides of cannabis use is one
               | of the hallmarks of cannabis use disorder. Pluck the beam
               | out of your own eye.
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | Legal competition had lead to much higher concentrations of
             | THC than was normal in the bad old days of smoking Mexican
             | brick weed, not to mention the pure accessibility of buying
             | 96% THC vapes wherever you go in unlimited amounts as
             | opposed to being happy you could get your hands on an
             | ounce.
        
             | talentedcoin wrote:
             | "Dangerous misconception"? Get out of here with that.
             | Cannabis is dangerous for schizoaffective people. Why are
             | people that smoke pot so tiresome about this? Just accept
             | that it's not good for everyone!
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | > "Dangerous misconception"? Get out of here with that.
               | 
               | I will not.
               | 
               | The demonization of cannabis has led directly to it
               | becoming high THC and low CBD, as I said. It also has
               | lead to it often being tainted with all manner of
               | adulterants, from ketamine to glass beads to plaster dust
               | to worse.
               | 
               | > Cannabis is dangerous for schizoaffective people.
               | 
               | CBD is a leading target of research for it's anti-
               | psychotic properties; and if you don't know this it's a
               | complete mystery to me why you feel entitled to weigh in.
               | 
               | And it's not even the only compound in cannabis that is
               | being investigated; there are others with anti-psychotic
               | and synergistic potential.
               | 
               | > Why are people that smoke pot so tiresome about this?
               | 
               | What if what I'm saying might be true, and you're dead
               | wrong to accuse anyone who disagrees of being a 'tiresome
               | stoner'?
               | 
               | ... Because, in fact, it may well be [0].
               | 
               | > Just accept that it's not good for everyone!
               | 
               | If it's not for you, that's fine; but the wilful
               | ignorance around cannabis over decades has caused far,
               | far more harm than cannabis ever has.
               | 
               | Can you accept that it will may well have a role in
               | treating "psychosis, in general and schizophrenia, in
               | particular" [0]?
               | 
               | 0 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22716160/
        
             | mikeweiss wrote:
             | "High CBD will probably be one of the paths to treatment"
             | 
             | On what exactly are you basing that off of? Vibes?
        
               | dakom wrote:
               | I wouldn't dismiss personal anecdotes any more than I'd
               | dismiss someone claiming they saw something in a
               | reputable journal but can't remember the citation.
               | 
               | In other words, yeah, don't just believe it at face
               | value- but if you have good reason to trust the source,
               | it's worth considering and checking into further.
               | 
               | In this case it's not just one individual but many people
               | saying that THC and CBD are almost opposites if
               | eachother, for example in how they affect anxiety.
               | 
               | Definitely worth proper research imho, could lead to
               | medication that has more of the pros and less of the cons
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | Not trying to be glib, but this is a genuine lmgtfy
               | moment.
               | 
               | https://duckduckgo.com/?t=ffab&q=cbd+antipsychotic&atb=v3
               | 40-...
        
               | mikeweiss wrote:
               | No it's not. The poster should have referenced some
               | sources. CBD has been touted as a miracle drug for over a
               | decade now and it seems mostly like a fad at this point.
               | But also it's not well regulated so it's easy for
               | unscrupulous companies and individuals to profit from
               | misleading marketing around it.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | > The poster should have referenced some sources.
               | 
               | Who, me? ... Why? It's very well known and established
               | that CBD has antipsychotic properties.
               | 
               | And if you don't know, that and don't bring any evidence
               | against it, then why claim otherwise before like, doing a
               | simple search to check your priors?
               | 
               | In any case, I've provided multiple citations elsewhere
               | in this thread, and a whole bunch more come up on the
               | linked search results. This isn't hidden knowledge or
               | anything.
               | 
               | > CBD has been touted as a miracle drug for over a decade
               | now
               | 
               | That's a separate issue.
               | 
               | > it seems mostly like a fad at this point
               | 
               | If you click the link you can see that isn't true.
               | 
               | > also it's not well regulated so it's easy for
               | unscrupulous companies and individuals to profit from
               | misleading marketing around it.
               | 
               | That's a separate issue.
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | >It seems that pot is about the worst thing that a
           | schizoaffective/schizophrenic person can use. They are better
           | off chewing tabs of acid.
           | 
           | from the guys I knew who chewed the tabs of acid and had
           | evident schizophrenic problems, I don't think so.
        
           | accidentallfact wrote:
           | Exactly. This well matches my hypothesis about how the brain
           | works.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44347211
        
         | ashoeafoot wrote:
         | It also makes you near unemployable as stress triggers the
         | paranoia/psychosis.
        
           | sandspar wrote:
           | Not for everyone. Many schizophrenics find their work calming
           | and grounding.
        
         | wycy wrote:
         | Why do you need to do embryo pre-screening for something that's
         | not genetic? Or do you think it still _is_ genetic despite also
         | thinking you know the specific trigger in your case?
         | 
         | Edit: are you thinking it's genetic, but exacerbated by weed?
        
           | jjallen wrote:
           | Everything is at least partially genetic.
           | 
           | We have a friend whose sister has it and she went to genetics
           | counselors before having kids.
           | 
           | They told her that because her sister has it that her kids
           | had a 20% likelihood of developing it. Obviously 20% is way
           | higher than normal.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Be sure you understand what this means. 20% higher chance
             | (of a 1% baseline) is vastly different from a 20% chance.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | I think its pretty clear which case is being discussed.
               | 20% increase in chance is not something to generally
               | worry about.
        
               | jjallen wrote:
               | This is through the grapevine. I thought they said 20%
               | likelihood, not 20% higher likelihood. But this isn't me
               | and I don't know the numbers well.
               | 
               | I do know that this woman chose to not use her own eggs
               | for their child. And you would think that going from
               | 1-1.2% would not make you do that. Perhaps there is
               | another variable involved that I am unaware of. Her
               | sister developed it after their parents divorce in her
               | 30s fwiw.
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | That is much, much higher than I am aware of - and my
             | mother's sister has schizophrenia so I did look this up a
             | while ago. And the outcome so far is 0 cases in 25 nieces
             | and nephews, all of us in our mid twenties or older.
        
           | Throwaway42754 wrote:
           | From my understanding of the science, weed can trigger
           | schizophrenia in the genetically predisposed. Schizophrenia
           | can be triggered by other environmental factors, so the
           | embryo screening makes sense to lower the risk of the child
           | getting it as well.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | > I am holding out hope that schizophrenia has some basis as an
         | autoimmune disease
         | 
         | From article:                 Increasingly, researchers
         | consider schizophrenia to be a "meta-syndrome," encompassing
         | multiple symptom dimensions/clusters and arising from
         | intersections of diverse underlying mechanisms
         | 
         | So while autoimmune might be the cause for some people, other
         | people have other causes?
         | 
         | As humans we look for a simple A therefore B story. Even then
         | most people in my experience are either (a) poor at spotting
         | cause and effect or (b) go into denial e.g. many political
         | arguments
         | 
         | > kids, I would have to go through one of the embryo
         | prescreening services
         | 
         | Have to? Do you mean you would want to? Or is there some
         | compulsory force where you are?
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | I have schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type as well. And man
         | when I have anything with THC in it I'm a basket case. Worst
         | psychosis in my life.
         | 
         | He might be interested in looking up THC, glutamate and
         | schizoaffective disorder. Here's a good start.
         | 
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-019-0374-8
        
         | petra wrote:
         | Interesting link, thank you!.
         | 
         | One other possible immune system link is the relationahip
         | between the parasite toximoplasis gondii to schizophrenia.
         | 
         | If I'm not mistaken that's the paper about that:
         | 
         | https://dbc.wroc.pl/Content/39095/PDF/1031.pdf
        
         | andoando wrote:
         | Interesting, I had some really bad experiences with weed and
         | the pattern matching thing strikes out to me as on these trips
         | I experienced a ton of visual geomtric shapes and came to
         | believe our intelligence is based on pattern recognition and
         | spent 5 years, not to much avail, trying thinking about them.
        
       | damion6 wrote:
       | Schizophrenia is genetic. So you're born with it. This makes zero
       | sense. Maybe you mean shizo-effective which usually has to do
       | with traumas.
        
         | 11217mackem wrote:
         | Nobody is born with schizophrenia.
        
           | thephyber wrote:
           | Parent most likely meant you are born with the predisposition
           | for it to present when it usually does.
        
             | 11217mackem wrote:
             | ~10%
        
             | 11217mackem wrote:
             | I also happened to have a schizophrenic father. So I looked
             | into this one a little bit :D
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | Induced schizophrenia is well known. Your brain is not a
         | machine. It's several independent chunks of meat that were
         | assembled in situ. There are more failure modes than
         | operational modes.
        
         | sakoht wrote:
         | The odd thing is that among identical twins when one has it the
         | other has it roughly 50% of the time. Which suggests that
         | having the generic basis still requires something external, and
         | it is common but not too common.
        
       | K0balt wrote:
       | Random layperson musing:
       | 
       | I wonder if schizophrenia (or perhaps psychosis) could be in some
       | way analogous to the LLM temperature function becoming
       | disregulated?
       | 
       | I mean, what is the extreme opposite of psychosis? If it is
       | matter of degree, which it seems to be, then there is probably a
       | tuning mechanism. Perhaps too little and you fail to account for
       | factors that might not be apparent but might be guessed or
       | inferred, too much, and too much seems plausible.
       | 
       | If so it would be possible to have a great deal of different
       | "causes" given the tight and complex coupling of biological
       | mechanisms.
        
         | jackcosgrove wrote:
         | There was a theory that autism and schizophrenia were opposite
         | ends of a spectrum, but it's fallen into disfavor. The theory
         | went that autism produces mechanical, rigid thought patterns
         | while schizophrenia takes free association too far.
         | 
         | I think it is possible to be diagnosed with both schizophrenia
         | and autism which is why the theory is not considered anymore.
        
           | K0balt wrote:
           | Interesting. I wouldn't have intuited autism as being on the
           | opposing end of psychosis, really, at least not based on my
           | experience of both in my family.
        
             | bottom999mottob wrote:
             | I think your LLM temperature analogy is interesting in this
             | deprecated dichotomy between autism and schizophrenia.
             | 
             | One Youtuber Jreg used a breadth-first search
             | (schizophrenia) vs depth-first search (autism) analogy when
             | comparing the the two, but I think your temperature analogy
             | is more apt. Higher temperature results in more
             | disorganized thoughts like schizophrenia. And if you buy
             | into the idea that the root of most schizophrenia is
             | thought disorders, then this analogy implies that dialing
             | up temperature corresponds to more signs of psychosis
             | through speech
             | 
             | My experience with many friends on the autism spectrum is
             | that their speech tends to be more scripted, but I
             | certainly don't think autism and psychosis are mutually
             | exclusive.
        
           | accidentallfact wrote:
           | They are. Autism is normal, and neurotypicality is simply the
           | socially acceptable/expected level of insanity.
           | 
           | I know I have unconventional beliefs, but the reason is the
           | opposite of what people describe here. There are no patterns
           | and commonly accepted beliefs seem unjustified, and crazy. So
           | I need to find my own answers, but it's difficult. I think
           | that people used to be more like this until recently, and
           | people messed it up because iron is toxic, and heavy metals
           | belong in the brain. I become more and more like this as I
           | keep taking them, and it's better. I admit my IQ has probably
           | dropped, but it's better this way.
        
       | subpixel wrote:
       | Schizophrenia can coexist with extreme levels of intelligence and
       | lucidity.
       | 
       | A schizophrenic member of my family argued in divorce court that
       | her husband, a leading physician at one of the most famous
       | medical institutions in the world, was secretly involved in
       | outrageous nefarious activities.
       | 
       | The stories were all fiction but she was so convincing that the
       | judge awarded her a ruling in the divorce that ruined her husband
       | financially and took an emotional toll.
        
         | blueprint wrote:
         | I wouldn't exactly call it intelligent to lie to a court ;)
         | Perhaps another descriptor would be more precise? For that
         | matter, can one be "truly lucid" if one lies in such a manner?
        
           | barrenko wrote:
           | Lucidity is a feeling let's say. And the stuff you feel it
           | "about" does necessarily mean that the stuff is legit.
           | 
           | Or to quote Moby Dick ~ "Human madness is oftentimes a
           | cunning and most feline thing. When you think it fled, it may
           | have but become transfigured into some still subtler form..."
        
           | sethammons wrote:
           | People lie in court all day every day. If you think everyone
           | is being honest, you are delusional and must not be truly
           | lucid.
           | 
           | Note, I don't question your lucidity. But hope it shows the
           | fallacy of your logic train.
        
           | ryanjshaw wrote:
           | People with schizophrenia are often not lying, they really
           | believe the bizarre things they say. How do _you_ know what
           | your brain is telling you is true?
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | An alternative explanation is that the judge was stupid.
        
         | __turbobrew__ wrote:
         | Terry Davis was a genius despite having schizophrenia.
        
       | alganet wrote:
       | Completely anectodal:
       | 
       | Right after the time I was diagnosed (~36), I started to become
       | weirdly good at some stuff.
       | 
       | Music, for example. I've been playing for almost two decades and
       | couldn't progress after a certain level. This changed almost
       | overnight, and I started to learn new instruments very quickly
       | (now I play guitar, bass, drums and piano). I'm not a genius at
       | them, it's not what I'm trying to say. It's just that the pace at
       | which I learn is very different from when I was younger, I can do
       | things I never imagined being able to do.
       | 
       | Somehow, I also acquired some ambidextry. This might be due to
       | learning the instruments. I now can write with both hands (not at
       | the same time, dominant hand is still faster and more acurate). I
       | also developed a second, completely different handwriting (now I
       | have two "fonts" I can use naturally).
       | 
       | I got worse at dealing with people. Everyone seems to be in a
       | haze from my point of view, and it discourages any kind of
       | meaningful relationship. I can pretend though.
       | 
       | I am highly skeptical of the idea that any genetic component is
       | involved in all of this (my father was ambidextrous though, but
       | he acquired it in childhood), it seems purely psychological. I am
       | also skeptical about the stereotypical triggers people often
       | associate schizophrenia to.
       | 
       | Last year I was reading about Havana Syndrome. That was the thing
       | that most resonated with the kinds of psychotic events I had.
       | Weird sounds and voices that seem to come from nowhere,
       | dizziness, balance problems, insomnia, headaches. By the time I
       | got to a doctor, these effects were not there anymore (they last
       | a very short time, at least for me). I was diagnosed by
       | describing them to the psychiatrist. Since the first episode, it
       | has happened again a handful of times. I have learned since that
       | Havana syndrome is not a thing anymore, but there are no official
       | explanations other than "it's likely to be psychogenic". I also
       | wouldn't qualify for it (apparently, only diplomats and spies had
       | it).
        
         | jongjong wrote:
         | Could be age related. I could never play a musical instrument
         | until my mid thirties. Nobody in my family could. My wife found
         | a Ukulele which was left on the side of the road and which was
         | in good condition and took it home. I started playing just
         | randomly tugging strings to understand the sounds and I kept
         | doing that maybe 10 to 30 mins a day for about 2 months and the
         | tunes became less and less random and now I can improvise full
         | 1 to 2 minute melodies on the spot with multiple strings.
         | 
         | I don't need to plan the melody ahead of time I just pick a few
         | notes that go well together then I pick some starting notes and
         | I just intuitively know how to join them together into a full
         | piece. It's like when I play some notes, my fingers themselves
         | resist certain bad notes and whatever note I end up choosing
         | (high pitch or low pitch) seems to work out every time.
        
           | alganet wrote:
           | I had a guitar since I was 16, and never gave up trying to
           | learn. I reached a plateau very quickly (knew some chords,
           | simple songs), and could never go past it. I then spent
           | almost 20 years in that plateau.
           | 
           | Then, suddenly, it all started to click. I was reharmonizing,
           | writing my own lines, improvising, soloing. It was uncanny. I
           | moved to other instruments at similar speed, stuff I never
           | played before. It became so easy.
           | 
           | I heard many times that once you age, you lose some ability
           | to learn music. What made this experience so jarring was that
           | I experienced the exact opposite.
           | 
           | Maybe this thing that you have to start young is all bullshit
           | (probably what's going on here), and before I had some kind
           | of block. I can't explain what that block was though.
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | Did the diagnosis perhaps relax some defensive structure in
             | your mind which freed up an ability to tolerate the
             | discomfort of actually identifying what you need to
             | improve?
        
               | alganet wrote:
               | I don't know. It seems too vague of a description.
               | 
               | On the guitar, I did some identifying and learning.
               | 
               | On drums though, I just sat there and in a matter of
               | months I was able to play to a lot of songs. I was doing
               | polyrhythms, for example, before I knew what polyrhythms
               | were.
               | 
               | Possibly, this is nothing extraordinary and fits the
               | overall learning curve for the general population (I'm
               | assuming lots of people do polyrhythms without knowing
               | them). Which means that before the first episode, I was
               | below that general curve of learning music (slower than
               | everyone else would learn), then something changed right
               | after such episode.
               | 
               | Since I'm on HN, let's use a computer analogy: I would
               | describe it as upgrading a PC to new hardware, things
               | felt smoother. The world of music (and arts in general)
               | felt higher resolution, faster, more responsive to my
               | actions.
        
         | Nevermark wrote:
         | > I am highly skeptical of the idea that any genetic component
         | 
         | Something can still be (weakly or strongly) genetic, but not
         | inherited in any direct way. I.e. due to a particular mix of
         | genes.
        
           | alganet wrote:
           | The kinds of genetic claims people usually make about
           | schizophrenia are of the hereditary kind (including the post
           | article), not random mutations.
           | 
           | I attribute this to how the illness is researched: finding a
           | genetic factor would be a major breakthrough, so lots of
           | people do studies on that, and eventually force their way
           | into a discovery that represents a narrow subset of the
           | illness but ultimately fails to explain it. It's all over the
           | place.
           | 
           | This makes me extra skeptic regarding the validity of some of
           | these studies.
        
         | sandspar wrote:
         | If you scan Wikipedia's "Famous people with schizophrenia"
         | article, as in people whose talent was so exceptional that they
         | could succeed despite their disadvantages, most of the people
         | on the list are musicians.
        
       | daft_pink wrote:
       | After reading this article, I'm really curious how you would
       | model all kinds of other reproduction reducing behaviors that
       | have become popular in recent years and how they many generations
       | it will take them to be squeezed out of our culture. Like say
       | taking care of a pet instead of having a kid in Korea.
        
         | sandspar wrote:
         | One plausible explanation is that birth and childhood have
         | become much less dangerous. Before 1900, children with poor
         | genes died; since 1900, children with poor genes survive and
         | have children of their own.
        
           | rixed wrote:
           | My understanding of high child mortality rates in the past is
           | that it has little to do with genetics, and more to do with
           | infectious diseases and poor hygiene.
        
       | zingababba wrote:
       | Julian Jaynes' theory is always interesting to think about. I
       | self-diagnosed myself as schizophrenic in my late teens and I
       | still stand by my diagnosis 20 years later. I do believe it is a
       | spectrum though and the degree to which one is schizophrenic is
       | not static, and I don't think it's even necessarily a bad thing.
        
         | anonymars wrote:
         | I assume you mean the bicameral mind / consciousness?
        
       | absurdo wrote:
       | As expected a lot of the comments here are anecdotes. I'm
       | assuming there exists a class of highly technical articles that
       | get posted regularly that incite ancillary discussion, but no
       | real contribution involving the article.
       | 
       | For me, I don't like that this is about a mathematical model. I
       | don't want a mathematical model. I like the theory, and I think
       | it's interesting. I don't need further digressions into a model.
       | I want to see the real thing. Prove it, replicate it, codify it.
        
       | bettercallsalad wrote:
       | As someone who is currently dating someone with history of
       | psychosis, I have vested interest.
       | 
       | 90% of the time she is truly the most amazing, compassionate,
       | full of life and thoughtful person one can ever meet. Then there
       | are times when it's truly awful. She can barely sleep at all,
       | leaves house without telling anyone seemingly thinking the
       | presence of third person around. And she strongly feels others
       | around are judging her hard, giving non verbal communication.
       | It's truly awful.
       | 
       | I didn't know to the full extent her symptoms when we started
       | dating. But one thing that was clear was she could barely sleep
       | at night. Or sleep too long. There was no "normal sleep cycle".
       | 
       | Over the time, some triggers are noticeable. Places with crowds,
       | bright lighting, or sometimes stress at work. Aripaprazole so far
       | seems to be holding up, no one knows for how long. I hear meds
       | become resistant at some point. I don't know what future holds.
       | Kids are probably not an option. Although she very much wants it.
        
         | Natsu wrote:
         | Did you ever check for sleep apnea? The tests for it can be
         | done at home now if anxiety would otherwise be a concern.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | I have schizoaffective disorder bipolar type, and I just wanted
         | to acknowledge and thank you for staying with your partner.
         | I've never been able to get someone to stay through my illness
         | with me through my life. But that's probably because I am man.
         | 
         | I was on so many meds. I can't even count them. Now I'm not on
         | any, and I consider myself essentially cured after living with
         | it for 35 years.
         | 
         | If she has triggers, that means she does not have a disease ,
         | it means she's a different person that sensitive to different
         | things. If someone who carries the celiac risk genetics, never
         | eats wheat they never get celiac disease. If your partner was
         | never exposed to triggers, you would never know she had a mood
         | disorder. Do you see what I mean?
        
           | bettercallsalad wrote:
           | Thank you for sharing your journey! Most difficult part of
           | this relationship has been to have her not worry about me
           | leaving her because of her symptoms. Communication is the
           | key. The only thing that can get tiring is when sleep
           | schedules are so messy, and I have to go to work in the
           | morning.
           | 
           | If you don't mind sharing, what was your progression towards
           | being cured? Did you do anything different lifestyle wise? I
           | have consulted many psychiatrists but the general consensus
           | seems to be that the management is the only option.
           | 
           | I am also somewhat concerned about the genetic component of
           | it. The general feedback I received from pedestrians is most
           | meds are not safe during pregnancy and postpartum episodes
           | are very likely. And the risk of passing down is also about
           | 10-20%. Her dad's sister also seemingly had it.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | First, I'm sorry if there's any typos I am doing speech to
             | text on my iPhone writing this and it's early in the
             | morning.
             | 
             | There are many psychiatrist that have different viewpoints,
             | for example I've talked to many who see purines as a
             | problem and then you have the whole keto/mitochondrial
             | doctors. There are many psychiatrist that will never change
             | their minds about mood disorders because why do they have
             | to?
             | 
             | I should add as well that there are so many things out of
             | my control that are triggers that I still carry Klonopin
             | with me just in case. It's the one thing that can stop my
             | psychosis in a heartbeat. I think the glutamate GABA
             | balance is extremely important and unlooked with a lot of
             | mental illnesses. Glutamate are a big trigger for my
             | psychosis.
             | 
             | To me, and I think this can be true for anyone, it's all
             | about connecting the dots between the triggers and not only
             | mood symptoms, but physical symptoms as well. But obtaining
             | my genetics and also learning about genetics over a 10 year
             | period helped me tremendously. I knew it was in my family
             | because my mother, my brother and my nephew, including
             | myself all had extremely similar experiences and also
             | suicide attempts.
             | 
             | The first thing is, I could not have done this if I did not
             | stop my medication. I'm not recommending anyone stop their
             | medication's but it's going to be really hard to find
             | things that affect glutamate, dopamine and serotonin if
             | you're taking these drugs at the same time. But being on
             | the same drugs my mother was o 50 years ago did not seem
             | logical to me. And then I started hearing stories about
             | people recovering from mental illness, real stories. Then
             | my nephew hung himself at 13 and that changed everything. I
             | knew it was genetic so I knew that's the direction I had to
             | go to investigate what was going on with my family.
             | 
             | So I got to know my mother side of the family a bit better
             | both genetically and from stories. It definitely came from
             | my great great grandmother side and it turns out while we
             | all thought that side of the family was Polish, they were
             | actually from Finland.
             | 
             | For myself, my gut was a big indicator and clue. I've had
             | IBS-D really bad since I was a child. I managed on my own
             | to find foods that were triggers, but it was not until I
             | discovered I was a FUT-2 non-secretor that thing is really
             | changed. Only 20% of Europeans carry this gene so I knew it
             | was important
             | 
             | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9301175/
             | 
             | Eating a diet heavy in Fucose (not fructose!) fixed my gut.
             | Seaweed, mushrooms, etc.
             | 
             | This was not a cause of my schizoaffective disorder, but it
             | definitely was a trigger. When my gut was bad, I was bad.
             | But there were a lot of times when my gut was good and I
             | was bad as well. So I kept looking for triggers.
             | 
             | Then there was the early heart attacks in my family and my
             | hyperlipidemia. In my genetics, I saw that I had genes that
             | were more like people who were the Inuit when it comes to
             | poly unsaturated fatty acids. At this time, I was a
             | vegetarian. With all the research about how omega-3 helps
             | with heart disease I decided to eat more like an Inuit and
             | what do you know, my cholesterol totally reversed. LDL down
             | and HDL from 30 up to 54. Plus, I was feeling much more
             | stable. Don't underestimate how omega-3 can control
             | receptor function.
             | 
             | Both my mother and I also had what is called multiple
             | chemical sensitivity. I don't really like that name but
             | that's what I'm left with. It's essentially a sensitivity
             | to a lot of aldehydes. The story here is kind of long and
             | complicated so I'm not gonna go too much into the genetic
             | details but I'm just showing you another of several
             | triggers that helped me find out what was going on. A lot
             | of foods have aldehydes, aldehydes impact flavor of foods
             | and food manufacturers add aldehydes to foods as well as
             | add glutamate and purines to increase our taste but
             | sensitivity to flavors.
             | 
             | And then we could talk about air pollution. Another big
             | trigger. My grandparents lived in Manhattan and every time
             | we went back there I would feel worse. I even tried to work
             | in Manhattan for a year and that did not end well.
             | 
             | Alcohol is complicated. At the front end, it brings me
             | really really big relief. But I could never drink too much
             | because it gave me a really bad fatigue in the end. It
             | turns out that the calcium ion channel blocking effects of
             | alcohol are great, but the aldehydes alcohol creates just
             | make me feel worse in the end.
             | 
             | So I just started avoiding those foods and eating Whole
             | Foods that are people in a cold climate would eat, and they
             | went away a bunch of more of my triggers.
             | 
             | And then there was heat. Heat is the number one trigger for
             | me. And for some stupid reason, I moved to North Carolina.
             | Since I ended up homeless because of this and living in a
             | van, I was able to move to different climates to different
             | places and also found not only the cold weather, but high
             | altitude were triggers.
             | 
             | see the problem with all this is my mother married an
             | Italian man. So instead of eating a more Polish/Finnish
             | diet we were eating in Italian diet having a carbohydrates
             | and red meats and little fish. This was the worst diet for
             | me.
             | 
             | I do take some supplements and two supplements. I've been
             | tested deficient in, and that helped me are zinc and B6.
             | When I say these supplements help me, I mean they
             | dramatically make me feel different when I'm am low I them
             | and when I supplement with them. And magnesium is another
             | one.
             | 
             | So now I try to live like a Sami. I ate a lot of seafood,
             | salmon, mackerel, oysters, mussels and wild game meets. I
             | say low latitudes in cold climates. And I also avoid
             | polluted cities.
             | 
             | Now that's gonna sound depressing because I know that not
             | everyone can do what I did, live in an van and move
             | somewhere that fits them genetically. But that's the truth
             | of the matter. In my humble opinion, they have the idea of
             | mental illness all wrong. It is a disease more like an
             | allergy than a mental illness. There is an environmental
             | trigger that causes a reaction. And make no mistake I think
             | for the majority of us, including myself, it is an immune
             | disorder and not a nervous system disorder in a fundamental
             | way. For example, I've had very low white blood cell
             | counts, but also showed signs of lupus that they were
             | always testing me for. They also kept testing me for HIV
             | because of my symptoms in white blood cell counts.
             | 
             | And then the doozy was when I had COVID-19. Both times I
             | caught it I had the worst psychosis in my life. For some
             | reason, no one finds this interesting not even my doctors.
             | 
             | Edited to add
             | 
             | I want to add this in a shorter post cause I can't believe
             | I didn't bring it up.
             | 
             | The first thing I would do was get all of her nutrition
             | levels, tested, and ruled out as causes. There are several
             | tests you can get without a prescription.
             | 
             | The first important one is a hair mineral test. But getting
             | a full iron panel, zinc, B6, homocysteine, B12, methyl
             | malonic acid, serum amino acid test, and of course, a
             | complete CBC with differential and metabolic panel. Keeping
             | track of the last two were really important for me. I
             | noticed my white blood cell count changed when I was in
             | different locations. For example, my white blood cell count
             | was consistently higher in North Carolina than it was when
             | I was in Washington state.
             | 
             | As an example, I had a friend who was on Prozac since she
             | was 18 and she was now 48. I looked at her blood test and
             | it was clear she had anemia. They did an iron panel and her
             | serum ferritin was only three. It turned out they were
             | treating her lifelong anemia with SNRI's and
             | antipsychotics.
        
               | barrenko wrote:
               | Thank you so much for writing this.
               | 
               | The thing about treating it all as some sort of an
               | allergy makes sense for me since connecting some ideas
               | from Gabor Mate about the immune system.
               | 
               | And the covid triggering a phychosis like state rings
               | true for me as well (not that I need to corroborate what
               | you are saying, once you know you know). One of the worst
               | trips I've had was "just" having covid during the summer.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | You're welcome.
               | 
               | Yes, people underestimate how stress effects the immune
               | system and why it is so hard for people to see this link
               | even when they can become fatigued, depressed and
               | irritable when they have a cold.
               | 
               | They have investigated me for some sort of primary immune
               | deficiency and found low T cells but they said they were
               | "not low enough to cause problems".
               | 
               | When I had COVID I was running around this small town
               | hiding from people and taking pictures of the, texting
               | them to my friend as evidence they were following me and
               | spying on me, and picture of my van and how people were
               | messing with it. They I thought she and her family were
               | in on the conspiracy. She finally convinced me to take a
               | klonopin and I came out of it enough to take some more
               | and it was done. The next day I had a fever and COVID. So
               | it was weird that both time sit preceded my physical
               | illness.
               | 
               | Sending love to you and your partner and hoping she can
               | stay curious about why she is ill.
        
               | johndevor wrote:
               | I lost my brother to suicide in a similar situation.
               | Thanks for writing this and I hope it helps others stuck
               | on the med treadmill.
        
             | Xmd5a wrote:
             | >Most difficult part of this relationship has been to have
             | her not worry about me leaving her because of her symptoms.
             | Communication is the key.
             | 
             | Every comment you're making in this thread confirms her
             | fears and delusions. Whether or not she was right initially
             | doesn't matter anymore since the situation has now been
             | bootstrapped. If she can't quite tell in which way you're
             | being dishonest, she has the certainty that she eventually
             | will. And here you are, committing a violation of intimacy,
             | taking strong advice from blind strangers to whom you are
             | confiding the destiny of your relationship. You have just
             | put on your shoulders as much, if not more, weight than you
             | wanted to get rid of when you started commenting, and you
             | will leak it through non-verbal communication, 100%.
             | Looking at it a second time, it seems there is as much
             | self-fulfilling prophecy in your behavior as in hers. As
             | you complain about her paranoia behind her back, you are
             | judging her hard and stockpiling the very weapons of
             | silence she's complaining about.
             | 
             | You're nonetheless as captive to the situation as she is:
             | the idea of psychosis, even though it may well be correct,
             | is what allows you to deflect her delusions before they are
             | funneled back to her in the very terms she anticipated - it
             | is also what binds you to her, her delusions, and your
             | reaction which confirms them. You're not just commenting on
             | your situation; you're calling for help.
             | 
             | Your dilemma is that her psychosis allows you to define the
             | problem and helps you enact your decision, but at the cost
             | of painting you as an asshole when you look in the mirror.
             | This is why you're getting so many replies; this is what
             | makes these situations so interesting. Intuitively, every
             | poster has understood this and given you justifications for
             | dumping her or for accepting that you're an asshole. I hope
             | to have given you the tools to see yourself as part of the
             | problem and to consider breaking up as the ethical thing to
             | do.
             | 
             | I believe she can be fixed, though. This requires
             | acknowledging and letting her know that no matter what you
             | do, you're under the spell of her pre-traumatic stress
             | disorder, and you're bound to confirm it. So why not stuff
             | her mouth shut with your passion to prevent her witch's
             | tongue from twisting disharmony into reality, and own her
             | as a slave in retribution?
        
           | achierius wrote:
           | > If she has triggers, that means she does not have a disease
           | , it means she's a different person that sensitive to
           | different things
           | 
           | This is not the medical consensus. Schizophrenia, along with
           | many other mental disorders, are _well known_ to have a
           | complex interplay with not only background genetic /chemical
           | factors, but also the psychological conditions of the patient
           | -- stressors like homelessness, drug use, and lack of sleep
           | very much _can_ trigger psychotic episodes. Suggesting
           | otherwise is to suggest that a sick person _not_ get care
           | that they very well may need.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | > homelessness, drug use, and lack of sleep very much can
             | trigger psychotic episodes.
             | 
             | Yes, I don't understand your disagreement, that's the point
             | I was making. That for some of us these things will cause
             | schizophrenia for others. Maybe some other illness like
             | lupus. The problem isn't the gene. The problem is the
             | environment. If you're not homeless, don't use drugs and
             | get good sleep And you don't get schizophrenia, an we say
             | schizophrenia is a disease? Or is it a symptom of
             | environment that is not fitting for the individual?
             | 
             | And in fact, schizophrenia is not a disease, it's
             | classified as a disorder.
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | The disease or disorder is always present, the _symptoms_
               | can come and go. Someone allergic to peanuts is allergic
               | to peanuts whether or not they have eaten some this week.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | But you see I only care about the symptoms. And the
               | symptoms are used to classify disorders. No symptoms, no
               | disorder.
               | 
               | You can carry all these jeans and not be exposed to any
               | trigger and would never know you had the disorder so can
               | you call it disorder if you have zero symptoms?
        
         | pinkmuffinere wrote:
         | > Kids are probably not an option
         | 
         | I'm assuming this is due to life complexity? If it's generic
         | fear, you could consider adopting (although that also has the
         | potential to be difficult in it's own way).
         | 
         | Also wanted to +1 to the other comment, you seem like a
         | wonderful person, thankyou for making the world a better place.
         | I hope I "grow up" to be like you :)
        
           | brailsafe wrote:
           | Even if you love someone and can manage _your_ life with
           | them, it 's important to consider how that'll play out with
           | even a little bit more pressure placed on a situation that
           | thrives on stability. Kids are not a little bit of pressure,
           | and if there's a possibility their mother (or adopted mother)
           | will disappear for periods of time unpredictably, it would
           | make an already extremely demanding obligation that much more
           | tenuous.
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | Disappearing unpredictably is one of the less harmful ways
             | it might show up. Imagine having a parent who you literally
             | cannot trust to _recognize_ how to care for you. My aunt is
             | schizophrenic and was not diagnosed until late (as seems to
             | be common, she moved away from family and friends to get
             | away from interference). Her kids were 13 through 5 when
             | she was diagnosed and had serious trauma.
        
               | brailsafe wrote:
               | Yep, I have an older friend who'd grown up with a
               | schizophrenic mother who he's had lifelong trauma from.
               | It's a bit horrifying. Incidentally it seems like the
               | genx and beyond in my life never grew up with a framework
               | for either identifying or addressing even something as
               | common as clinical depression or ADHD, let alone the more
               | potentially externally destructive ones like borderline,
               | bipolar, schizophrenia. Seemed like they carried on to
               | raise their kids with a sort of hope that if they ignore
               | it, it'll eventually go away.
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | > Kids are probably not an option. Although she very much wants
         | it.
         | 
         | Like many (but not all) people, my bias is love of children.
         | But extend that love to your dearest future hopes. A marriage
         | will be a serious test of commitment and stable teamwork every
         | day -- for decades. Otherwise it is likely to crumble and the
         | children will be victims too.
         | 
         | Even as an optimist, I will say to a HN brother... there are
         | short hikes, but for the longest you choose your ascent, your
         | kit, and the weather conditions.
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | She will break down, then she'll get strong meds and she'll
         | change unrecognizably. Think twice before making a long
         | relationship with this person. You'll get a lot of stress and
         | eventually she'll change drastically.
         | 
         | Schizophrenia has a strong genetic component, so think twice
         | about making a children as well.
        
           | anonnon wrote:
           | Please don't downvote or flag this person unless you have a
           | family member (or better, family member _s_ ) with
           | schizophrenia.
        
             | kridsdale3 wrote:
             | I have family with diagnosis. I upvoted the comment.
        
         | pier25 wrote:
         | That sounds like my mother (except for the "90% of the time"
         | comment). I can tell you from experience it would be a bad idea
         | to have kids, even adopting.
        
         | dimal wrote:
         | This is a shot in the dark, but there is a lot of excitement
         | right now about treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as
         | a metabolic issue. Some people are seeing complete remission,
         | without medication. This isn't a quick easy recommendation to
         | just go off meds and go keto, but for some people that
         | apparently has worked. Chris Palmer M.D.[0] is one of the main
         | people driving it.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.chrispalmermd.com/chris-palmer/
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | Is there a reason to go off the meds when starting keto? If
           | the meds are only mostly effective, and then a keto diet
           | makes them _very_ effective, then I might be inclined to go
           | off the meds - but only if it stacks like that.
        
       | sakoht wrote:
       | The article suggests a possible model where the schizophrenia is
       | an extreme linear progression. But the inability to find a
       | culprit genes suggests something more complex. It is possible
       | that there are is a group of genes that all have variations that
       | confers benefit, but when those variations are all together
       | negative effects occur. That makes the positive variants overall
       | beneficial, and keeps them in the gene pool. This is why it is
       | dangerous to presume that when we correlate genetic variants with
       | disease and then presume they should go away. In fact, nearly any
       | inherited disease that has survived may be conferring value to
       | other individual when in proper partnership with other genetic
       | profiles.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | This is true for every population. For instance, the price of
         | protecting many African populations from malaria is sickle cell
         | disease.
         | 
         | But I think environment plays a bigger role in modern society
         | to increase the risk of mood disorders than genetics alone.
        
       | discoutdynamite wrote:
       | For your consideration: the theory of "Positive Disintegration"
       | developed by Kasimir Dabrowski does help to explain the capacity
       | and reality of schizotypal disorders. The easiest way to explain
       | it, is that human brain potential for "over-excitation" leads to
       | personality development; this is natural and human. The stages of
       | personality development are not guaranteed to succeed and proceed
       | correctly. Most cases of schizophrenia may be a result of failed
       | re-organization, or a failure to develop the final, executive,
       | function. In cases of "arrested development," this process may be
       | delayed till later in life. This is the so-called mid-life-
       | crisis, which also can fail, and then you get adult onset
       | schizophrenia. This is all emerging research thats usually locked
       | up in foreign language journals. Almost no medicine to be sold
       | here, AMA and APA are not interested...
        
       | boston_clone wrote:
       | Very worth it to read the follow up research paper that moves
       | away from this cliff-edge hypothesis, highlights other
       | ambiguities, and attempts some self-correction.
       | 
       | https://www.psychiatrymargins.com/p/the-evolutionary-genetic...
       | 
       | In any case, a fascinating read and well-worth it to explore the
       | linked citations, especially by Crow and Nesse.
        
       | FollowingTheDao wrote:
       | The problem with this whole line of thought is that the human
       | _environment_ since the neolithic period has changed.
       | 
       | It also does not take into account the huge amount of human
       | relocation that's taken place over the last 200 years. For
       | example, we have a large number of Africans that are now living
       | in climate that are much colder than what they evolved to live
       | in. The same as truth for northern Europeans, who lived in cold,
       | cloudy climate now living in sunny, warm climates. Does anyone
       | hear really think that that wouldn't affect the populations
       | mental health?
       | 
       | We know schizophrenia genes are almost always risk genes, meaning
       | their polygenic, or they don't cause schizophrenia, and everyone
       | who carries the genetics. There are a very few number of cases of
       | people who carry genes that directly caused schizophrenia.
       | 
       | So it's quite possible that schizophrenia did not exist as
       | frequently as it does in the modern world, a world filled with
       | pollution, stress, drugs, aldehydes, bad food, and on and on and
       | on.
       | 
       | But let's just take migration. It is a well-known risk factor for
       | schizophrenia. See the paper below.
       | 
       | https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1....
       | 
       | So no schizophrenia is not the price we pay for mine poison near
       | the edge of a cliff, it's the price we pay for technology. The
       | technology that enabled not only all the wonderful things to get,
       | but also all the horrible things that come with it.
       | 
       | I had schizoaffective disorder, and I have essentially cured it.
       | But I really can't say it's a cure because what was happening was
       | there was a Mitch match between my genetics in my environment.
       | It's like curing yourself from celiac by not eating wheat. Celiac
       | is only a disease if you eat wheat.
       | 
       | So I am one of these involuntarily relocated people because of
       | capitalism. My great great grandparents on my mother side were
       | Sami and I still carry those genetics. Changing my environment
       | and changing my diet changed my life. Frankly, I'm tired of these
       | articles saying that there's no cure for mental illnesses and
       | it's just a price we pay.
        
         | bottom999mottob wrote:
         | I'm curious how you've cured your schizoaffective disorder?
         | Diet?
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | I've made a very long reply to another comment that explains
           | everything. As well as I can at least.
        
         | barrenko wrote:
         | This is personally interesting to me, as I am the first
         | generation of my family that is not semi-nomadic (not sure
         | about the exact term in English). When you say you've cured it
         | - did you move somewhere more adequate or you did you stop
         | moving?
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | I believe my sensitivities came from a semi-nomadic people,
           | but northern European cold climate, so I generally focus on
           | staying in cooler climates.
        
             | barrenko wrote:
             | Mine are from south-eastern Europe and I have been ignoring
             | the longing for my mountain for so long, I've figured
             | everyone longs for their habitat anyways so it's not that
             | special.
             | 
             | We also have a lot of mental health issues in my family
             | since the switch to "civilization", not sure that any one
             | of us is totally sane.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | I think many people are suited just fine to handle all
               | this pollution and stress and stationary living. The
               | farmers have taken over the world and they have left us
               | hunter/gatherers to struggle.
        
               | barrenko wrote:
               | I am of the same mind, need to get a van it seems :).
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | X
        
       | drgo wrote:
       | Is it possible that the pro-schizophrenia genes persist because
       | they offer other (non-neurological) benefits, e.g., lower risk of
       | cancer? Siblings of patients with schizophrenia are less likely
       | to develop cancer, and in several studies these patients had
       | lower risk of developing cancer despite higher prevalence of
       | smoking.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | There's no such thing as a "pro schizophrenia genes". There are
         | only genes that increase the risk of schizophrenia, and this is
         | probably due to environmental variables.
         | 
         | Exchanging a risk for cancer for a risk of schizophrenia is not
         | a win-win situation. You're just switching one set of risk
         | genes for another.
        
           | ekaryotic wrote:
           | >Exchanging a risk for cancer for a risk of schizophrenia is
           | not a win-win situation But it can be though. Consider a
           | population that works with carcinogens like coal. due to
           | capitalist class structures, they cannot leave their
           | occupation, so a gene that would increase their survivability
           | would be a great help.
        
             | dustbunny wrote:
             | Schizophrenia is far more likely to prevent you from
             | reproducing than cancer, because schizophrenia hits way
             | earlier.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | Yes, this is what I was going to comment, and adding that
               | it was funny they used a coal miner as an example since
               | my family side that has the mood disorders were all coal
               | miners in central PA.
        
           | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
           | > There are only genes that increase the risk of
           | schizophrenia
           | 
           | I think that's what GP was saying?
           | 
           | > You're just switching one set of risk genes for another.
           | 
           | I think... that's what GP was saying?
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | >> You're just switching one set of risk genes for another.
             | > I think... that's what GP was saying?
             | 
             | If you are switching one low survival gene for another
             | there is no net benefit.
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | You're begging the question, They asked _is there_ some
               | unnoticed survival benefit.
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | The benefit must be to reproduction. Cancer generally happens
         | after peak reproductive years.
        
       | voidhorse wrote:
       | The cliff theory is an interesting one. I don't have any kind of
       | schizo propensity, to my knowledge, but I did, for a brief period
       | of my life, have what I call a "firemind" experience.
       | 
       | During that period I spent an _unhealthy_ amount of time alone. I
       | also spent _tons_ of time reading. During that time the ability
       | of my brain to free-associate seemed to absolutely _explode_. I
       | felt like I could see a pattern or form a connection between
       | almost _anything whatsoever_. I read symbolism in everything. The
       | few times I did see friends during that time, I remember them
       | being kind of shocked at the callbacks, linkages, etc. that I was
       | able to fire off instantaneously at the board game table.
       | 
       | My brian no longer works like this. I underwent several lifestyle
       | changes and it seemed to really rewire me. I'm much more logical
       | in my thinking now, but it's taken practice, and the shift was
       | gradual. Every now and then I kind of miss the "semiotic
       | aptitude" I had in those days, but I wonder if I was really just
       | teetering on the edge of a cliff. Maybe a few more months of
       | isolation would have pushed me over the edge.
        
       | boardwaalk wrote:
       | Though it doesn't mention it by name exactly, I think a related
       | idea for systems that are optimized close to a point of phase
       | change is "the edge of chaos"
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_of_chaos
        
         | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
         | Trading stability for agility, basically?
         | 
         | https://www.humanfactors.lth.se/fileadmin/lusa/Sidney_Dekker...
        
       | bryanrasmussen wrote:
       | >The persistence of schizophrenia is an evolutionary enigma
       | 
       | how much schizophrenia is actually going to manifest in peak
       | procreating years?
        
         | throw-qqqqq wrote:
         | I have two relatives with schizophrenia. Both had onset in
         | their mid 20s.
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | yeah but a sizeable part of the discussion here has been
           | about women with menopause starting to show schizophrenic
           | behaviors. So that might be a significant amount of the
           | schizophrenic cases in the population.
        
             | throw-qqqqq wrote:
             | > So that might be a significant amount of the
             | schizophrenic cases in the population
             | 
             | I dont think they are. Most are diagnosed in their teens or
             | early twenties. Women slightly later than men.
             | 
             | Women diagnosed in their menopause are not a majority of
             | diagnosed schizophrenics; far from.
             | 
             | I understood that part as merely a curiosity.
        
         | rozab wrote:
         | Reproductive fitness does not end as soon as offspring are
         | born. Maximising the likelihood of genetic continuation is a
         | lifelong endeavor.
        
       | cageface wrote:
       | Maybe this could explain why mental illness & creativity seem to
       | be so closely related? Just as one example, James Joyce's
       | daughter was schizophrenic.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | Mental illness and creativity are not closely related. There is
         | correlation but mental illness is not required for creativity.
         | 
         | According to Wikipedia, creative people are 25% more likely to
         | have a mental illness.
         | 
         | As for why so many bipolar people are famous, manic episodes
         | can be very productive.
         | 
         | For myself, being bipolar has given me several lifetimes of
         | perspective to inform my writing.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity_and_mental_health
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | > Mental illness and creativity are not closely related.
           | There is correlation
           | 
           | What do you think a correlation is if not a relationship? No
           | one said it was "required".
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | Yeah. I wasn't clear. I do not believe that 1 and 1.25 is
             | considered "close".
             | 
             | There's absolutely a correlation, enough to be causation.
             | But it doesn't make mental illness a primary factor in
             | creativity in modern society.
        
       | woodpanel wrote:
       | Interesting article. Also a good amount too high above the
       | paygrade for me to decipher all concepts in it, but as someone
       | who had close contact with schizophrenics a lot, I was missing
       | one aspect in particular:
       | 
       | All schizophrenics I know didn't start as obvious psychopaths,
       | but rather have their personal ,,cliff" usually around an age
       | associated with hormonal changes (eg early twenties, menopause).
       | 
       | So in other words the negative selection effects aren't there
       | until after reproduction.
        
       | storus wrote:
       | Isn't it due to synaptic pruning going wrong, a sort of off-by-
       | one error of a gene tagging synapses for deletion?
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | Genetics is messy - as I understand it most genes don't code for
       | a single thing, so assuming evolution is "selecting for
       | schizophrenia" that only implies that there is an evolutionary
       | benefit to some of the things controlled by the same gene(s) that
       | control schizophrenia, that outweighs the disadvantage of
       | schizophrenia.
       | 
       | Homosexuality is interesting from this perspective too - common
       | enough that evolution has to be selecting for it, yet basically
       | fatal to reproduction, so what are the benefits that evolution is
       | selecting for? Is it advantageous to groups, or maybe the same
       | genes confer an individual benefit to non-homosexuals?
        
         | no_wizard wrote:
         | I always wondered if it was natures check on overpopulation. I
         | know that is controversial to say, but it seems most fitting on
         | its face
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | My best guess it that there is a societal/group benefit in
           | reducing aggression (maybe not unrelated to they way our
           | closest DNA match, Bonobos, function).
           | 
           | I don't think we're at the point yet, and certainly not in
           | last few million years of evolution, where overpopulation is
           | an issue, and since evolution is all about (collectively)
           | creating the largest next-generation population, this isn't
           | the way I would expect to see increased competition for
           | resources to play out.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Do rural populations have lower rates of homosexuals as a %
           | of offspring? How would nature "know" we are overpopulated
           | and bias towards homosexuals?
        
         | Fraterkes wrote:
         | For evolution to "select" for homosexuality, wouldn't it have
         | to be hereditary in large part? As far as I can tell, to the
         | extent that theres any evidence for that the effect of genes on
         | sexuality is kinda limited
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | Male vs female differences, including differences in typical
           | sex-specific sexual attraction, are obviously genetic, even
           | if we've yet to figure out all the specifics (where are the
           | male's "curve detector" genes, etc).
           | 
           | Do men and women both have the coding for male/female
           | attraction, with one typically disabled ? This perhaps seems
           | most likely, in same way both sexes have nipples, etc.
           | Without knowing exactly how this all works we can only
           | speculate how male/female genes can combine to create same-
           | sex attraction. Obviously it's not so simple as inheriting a
           | gay gene from one of your parents!
        
             | throw4847285 wrote:
             | > Male vs female differences, including differences in
             | typical sex-specific sexual attraction, are obviously
             | genetic
             | 
             | Typical is putting in a lot of work in that sentence. I
             | could rephrase it with the same truth content and make it
             | much more ambiguous.
             | 
             | "Many phenotypical sexual differences in humans are
             | obviously genetic. Some very common differences in sex-
             | specific sexual attraction are likely genetic as well. For
             | large swaths of sexual attraction, we have absolutely no
             | evidence of a genetic link."
             | 
             | What's funny is that the one example you facetiously picked
             | (a curve detector) is extremely culturally dependent.
             | Trying to tie elements of human sexuality to evolutionary
             | just so stories is usually pseudoscience. When we start
             | isolating genes for the things that we think of as natural,
             | if we ever do, I bet you $100 the mapping from our social
             | experience of these traits to some kind genetic reality is
             | muddled to the point of total detachment.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | > What's funny is that the one example you facetiously
               | picked (a curve detector) is extremely culturally
               | dependent.
               | 
               | Actually, it wasn't intended as facetious! I'd bet money
               | that male attraction to females is indeed based on curve
               | and jiggle detectors! If not this, then what - it has to
               | be based on some (simple, perceptual) physical
               | characteristics. I realize that female ideals vary a lot
               | between cultures, and time periods, but the differences
               | are more about things like fat percentage and
               | distribution than the underlying characteristics that
               | visibly differentiate men from women.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | > Some very common differences in sex-specific sexual
               | attraction are likely genetic as well. For large swaths
               | of sexual attraction, we have absolutely no evidence of a
               | genetic link
               | 
               | Sure - it seems there may be a large degree of imprinting
               | as well, but homosexuality does seem to be an important
               | special case given that it typically means lack of
               | descendants. Of course evolution is really about sub-
               | populations and gene-pools, not individuals, and it seems
               | there has to be some benefit at that level otherwise this
               | trait would have been out-competed in the population.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > but homosexuality does seem to be an important special
               | case given that it typically means lack of descendants
               | 
               | For much of human history, that has been false. In many
               | societies, there has been strong pressure to
               | (heterosexually) marry, arranged marriages - with the
               | result that most individuals with a homosexual
               | orientation end up participating in heterosexual
               | reproduction-so homosexuality is much less of an
               | evolutionary disadvantage than you'd assume.
               | 
               | Modern Western society puts great emphasis on marrying
               | for love, marrying on the basis of actual attraction
               | rather than social pressure or political calculation,
               | being "true to yourself" - and in such a society, a
               | homosexual orientation does significantly reduce the odds
               | of participation in classical heterosexual reproduction.
               | But modern Western society isn't _normal_ in world-
               | historical terms, what we consider "normal" is actually
               | rather novel
        
         | KittenInABox wrote:
         | > Homosexuality is interesting from this perspective too -
         | common enough that evolution has to be selecting for it,
         | 
         | Are we sure this is the case? I think it's more like
         | homosexuality isn't extremely selected against on a population
         | level. Evolution doesn't really select for, more like evolution
         | is a process in which least-viable-specimens are killed off for
         | their environments. It could very well be that a small number
         | of homosexual specimens are simply irrelevant to evolutionary
         | fitness.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | The article's first paragraph has some alternative factors in
         | selection
         | 
         | > _Traditional evolutionary hypotheses, such as those invoking
         | kin selection, mutation-selection balance, and evolutionary
         | mismatch don't quite explain this._
         | 
         | There's lots of explanations here but one that is often
         | mentioned is "kin selection". If you increase evolutionary
         | fitness of nephews, nieces, etc. There's many others, some of
         | which apply here and others which don't.
        
       | natnat wrote:
       | This reminds me of the "Natural engagement pattern" sketch that
       | Mark Zuckerberg made about facebook content back in 2018:
       | https://www.facebook.com/notes/751449002072082/
       | 
       | Content gets more engagement as it gets closer to the "policy
       | line" of getting banned, and in a competitive information
       | environment (an engagement maximizing algorithm) you end up with
       | a lot of content close to the border of what's allowed.
        
         | aspenmayer wrote:
         | Facebook is hostile to archive sites, so I am quoting this link
         | for discussion purposes:
         | 
         | https://pastebin.com/S4bWZpma
        
       | Mistletoe wrote:
       | > Let's say schizophrenia is associated with a 50% loss of
       | reproductive fitness in 1% of the population (and there is no
       | offsetting benefit in the rest of the population), then it would
       | take roughly 180 generations to cut the rate in half and about
       | 560 generations to reduce it to one-tenth of its original value
       | (Mitteroecker & Merola, 2024). We've had a comparable number of
       | generations since the Neolithic era, but as far as we know, the
       | prevalence of schizophrenia has not decreased in the manner
       | anticipated.
       | 
       | What if the number we experience now IS 1/10 of what it used to
       | be? Would explain a lot of religious talking to God in the past.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Do you think schizoid personality disorder has actually anything
       | in common with schizophrenia, apart from aptitude and even
       | preference for social isolation?
        
       | tempestn wrote:
       | This is fascinating, and makes me wonder if human intelligence
       | itself is such a cliff edge trait. For most of human history our
       | advanced intelligence has obviously been a benefit, but now we
       | see, as people and societies become wealthier and better educated
       | (both correlated with intelligence), their reproduction rates
       | drop precipitously. Perhaps we've overshot the intelligence cliff
       | and evolution is now gradually pulling us back. (Evidence of this
       | would be less intelligent people having more children on average
       | than more intelligent ones.)
        
         | staunton wrote:
         | Humanity is changing so quickly nowadays, biological evolution
         | most likely doesn't matter at all anymore, at least for the
         | kind of questions and time scales you're discussing.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | Humanity is still subject to evolutionary pressures. We are
           | "natural" and what we do is "natural", and if something like
           | our environment were to drastically change as an evolutionary
           | pressure, selection would absolutely happen.
           | 
           | Consider a change in environment where, for example, oxygen
           | levels drastically drop. That might make living at altitude
           | deadly for those who don't have genetic adaptions to high
           | altitude living.
           | 
           | As an extreme example, in ~500 million+ years when the sun
           | starts expanding, you can bet natural selection will finish
           | off non-extremophiles that aren't living deep within the
           | Earth.
        
             | staunton wrote:
             | Sure, I never claimed otherwise.
             | 
             | What I'm saying is that evolution matters across large
             | timescales. By contrast, I believe the topics I was
             | commenting on concern timescales where effects of
             | biological evolution are negligible compared to the effects
             | of _memetic_ evolution.
             | 
             | Thus, biological evolution doesn't matter at all for
             | predicting what will happen (or is happening right now) to
             | humanity, unless predicting so far into the future as to be
             | completely futile speculation (imagine someone 200 years
             | ago wondering how biological evolution might affect
             | humanity during the next couple thousand years).
        
         | varjag wrote:
         | There is no evidence people are measurably more intelligent now
         | than two-three decades ago.
        
           | _ink_ wrote:
           | I think there is evidence:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect
        
           | tempestn wrote:
           | Yes, the genetics wouldn't have significantly changed over
           | such a short period, but the environment has.
        
             | staunton wrote:
             | Genetics isn't all that matters. Things like malnutrition
             | (and a lot more things) very much also do.
        
               | sheiyei wrote:
               | I think the point is that the evolution of human
               | intelligence reached a point that enabled us, over
               | evolutionarily short timescales, to develop an
               | environment (social structures etc.) that broke evolution
               | as it was - the meaning of "fittest" is now rather
               | arbitrary in human context.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" The persistence of schizophrenia is an evolutionary enigma. It
       | is a disabling psychiatric condition that reduces the likelihood
       | of having children, and yet it has roughly 1% lifetime prevalence
       | worldwide. Traditional evolutionary hypotheses, such as those
       | invoking kin selection, mutation-selection balance, and
       | evolutionary mismatch don't quite explain this."_
       | 
       | Much the same could be said for gayness. If it were genetic, it
       | should have been eliminated by evolution by now. Which suggests
       | that it's not.
       | 
       | There are some differences in incidence of schizophrenia in
       | populations.[1] Birth order matters, slightly, with prevalence
       | higher for firstborns. (This is the reverse of homosexuality and
       | left-handedness.) Migrants have higher rates of schizophrenia
       | than non-migrants. Women vs. men, about the same. Rural vs.
       | urban, about the same.
       | 
       | What the original paper suggests is that they didn't discover
       | anything significant. It's more like a discussion of feedback
       | control problems near a cliff, but by people who don't know about
       | that part of control theory.
       | 
       | The title is overly dramatic for the results.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/jo...
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | > Much the same could be said for gayness. If it were genetic,
         | it should have been eliminated by evolution by now. Which
         | suggests that it's not.
         | 
         | There are very plausible explanations for the genetic basis of
         | gayness. One is that being gay is essentially a "byproduct" of
         | higher fecundity in women - I'd have to search for the study,
         | but gay men with sisters tend to have sisters with more kids
         | than the norm.
         | 
         | The other is the "guncle" hypothesis (which is related to the
         | previous one). While gay men and women do not have their own
         | biological children (at least through gay relationships), they
         | are able to spend additional resources on their nieces and
         | nephews. Anecdotal obviously, but it certainly worked this way
         | in my family. As a guncle I helped pay for my niece's education
         | (and was happy to do so because I don't have to care for
         | children of my own ).
        
         | yorpinn wrote:
         | "My intuition doesn't explain something, therefore my prejudice
         | is justified." Evolutionary psychology functions better as a
         | tool to present one's prejudices as neutral and without
         | ideology or politics than it does for explaining the world.
        
       | ninetyninenine wrote:
       | Homosexuality is a similar prevalent trait.
        
       | janalsncm wrote:
       | > They computed a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia for each
       | participant, calculated by summing the weighted effects of
       | thousands of risk alleles.
       | 
       | I am not an expert by any means, but this analysis only makes
       | sense if we assume there is a strictly linear relationship
       | between alleles. It will not capture nonlinear relationships.
        
       | 8bitsrule wrote:
       | R.D. Laing was saying the same things 50 years ago.
       | 
       | " We must remember that we are living in an age in which the
       | ground is shifting and the foundations are shaking. I cannot
       | answer for other times and places. Perhaps it has always been so.
       | We know it is true today. In these circumstances, we have all
       | reason to be insecure. When the ultimate basis of our world is in
       | question, we run to different holes in the ground; we scurry into
       | roles, statuses, identities, interpersonal relations. We attempt
       | to live in castles that can only be in the air, because there is
       | no firm ground in the social cosmos on which to build."
       | 
       | "Sanity today appears to rest very largely on a capacity to adapt
       | to the external world -- the interpersonal world, and the realm
       | of human collectivities. As this external human world is almost
       | completely and totally estranged from the inner, any personal
       | direct awareness of the inner world already entails grave risks."
        
       | r33b33 wrote:
       | If you have caution and paranoia about potentially being
       | schizophrenic, does that mean it's less likely to manifest due to
       | extreme self-awareness? I have been diagnosed with BPD, psychosis
       | (sometimes) and depression, but I think I'm too aware when it
       | comes to shizhophrenia.
        
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