[HN Gopher] The Effect of Noise on Sleep
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Effect of Noise on Sleep
        
       Author : brandonb
       Score  : 136 points
       Date   : 2025-06-27 13:03 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.empirical.health)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.empirical.health)
        
       | jabo wrote:
       | Wonder if white noise counts as noise from this perspective. Or
       | if it's mainly unexpected noises that make sleep quality worse.
        
         | rybosworld wrote:
         | In many animals, hearing gets less sensitive in general when
         | they sleep. I think it's common for people to be surprised by
         | that, but it works that way to maximize sleep function.
         | 
         | Dog's are thought to be an exception, because part of their
         | domestication involved selection for the offspring that was
         | more alert (watch dogs).
         | 
         | The brain is thought to be hyper sensitive to a certain subset
         | of sounds while sleeping, such as babies crying.
         | 
         | White noise is thought to work by drowning out the sounds we
         | are most sensitive to.
        
       | foobarian wrote:
       | > threshold effect: keeping bedroom sound levels beneath the
       | low-60s dB (roughly the volume of normal conversation)
       | 
       | A common source matching this description would be having a TV on
       | in the bedroom.
        
       | lm2s wrote:
       | Would love to know what kind of noise and sound level was used
       | for this test. Was it a continuous monotonous noise (such as
       | white/pink/brown noise) at a fixed volume? Or was it some random
       | noise that would "pop-up" randomly?
       | 
       | Does anyone know?
       | 
       | I would imagine that a noise that would randomly "pop-up" would
       | be worse. But would be curious if that's not the case.
        
         | brandonb wrote:
         | This was ambient noise in the room, as measured by an Apple
         | Watch. So "random," real world noises that pop up, as opposed
         | to a controlled level of white noise.
        
         | cheeseomlit wrote:
         | That's also what I was wondering- I sleep with a fan on for the
         | white noise, otherwise I sleep very poorly if at all. I wonder
         | if that sort of 'covers up' the spikes in noise you'd be
         | hearing if the room were otherwise silent
        
         | maerF0x0 wrote:
         | +1 also thought about this.
         | 
         | Something like the variability of noise (eg, maybe figure out
         | the 25th percentile dbs across the night, and then count the
         | spikes above that? or maybe count the number of times the slope
         | goes above a certain value indicating sharp rises in volume
         | that would disturb someone?)
         | 
         | I also would love to simply see the data based on the average
         | of "N loudest moment(s)" during the sleep. eg: treat the dbs
         | score for that night as the average of the N loudest moments
         | over the night, and plot a series of graphs that show various
         | values of N. (or make it 3d, but i've found many folks are not
         | capable of reading those kinds of graphs)
        
       | proee wrote:
       | So just use some good quality earplugs?
        
         | kogus wrote:
         | I personally would not be able to sleep well with earplugs. The
         | feeling of pressure in my ears, combined with the 'pushing' of
         | the earplug if I rolled over to lay on my side would be very
         | uncomfortable.
        
           | ay wrote:
           | Try "3M earplugs yellow" on amazon. They are pretty much
           | fully immersed in the ear (for me), and the insulation is
           | very good. The pressure - yeah it took maybe a few days to
           | get used to, but...
           | 
           | The effects for me (living in Brussels city centre, so quite
           | noisy - police, ambulance, sometimes loud tourists past
           | midnight, and a bit of construction at 6am nearby to keep it
           | real :-) ) were very pronounced:
           | 
           | From needing 9 hours and feeling groggy in the mornings
           | anyway, to easily going on 7-8, feeling very refreshed and
           | alert each day.
           | 
           | A cool side effect was that this superpower works also while
           | traveling - so, I no longer care how noisy the airco is in
           | the hotel room, being next to the lift, or having the window
           | above the lively bar.
           | 
           | The only downside with those earplugs that they are good
           | maybe for 3-4 nights and then are too squished to be useful;
           | but the upsides more than make it up for me.
        
             | modo_mario wrote:
             | It's rare for me to encounter another Belgian on HN but
             | I'll definitely try this. Sleeping roadside till i have my
             | upper floor renovated has been a disaster for my sleep and
             | functioning.
        
             | rickydroll wrote:
             | I've tried the squishy foam earplugs, and they always fall
             | out. Other suggestions, such as silicone and custom
             | earplugs, are something I'm going to try. Let's see if they
             | help.
             | 
             | However, what destroys my sleep is the light from early
             | morning, streetlights, and the neighbor's porch light.
             | Unfortunately, our bedroom faces southeast and features
             | French doors that open onto an east-facing three-season
             | porch, allowing sunlight to stream in. Yeah, I've got
             | curtains everywhere, and I have room-darkening curtains on
             | order. If those don't work, the next step is putting solar
             | panels over my bedroom windows. I figure if I'm going to
             | keep light out, I might as well put it to work some other
             | way.
             | 
             | As an experiment, I'm using my car camping mattress in my
             | office, which is the quietest room in the house, and I'm
             | blocking the light from the windows with curtains and
             | cardboard. So far, it's the best sleep I've had in years.
             | There's a bit of domestic disharmony now, but hopefully my
             | partner and I can work out a compromise on light-blocking
             | curtains and keeping them fucking shut.
        
               | plorkyeran wrote:
               | Have you tried a blackout sleep mask? I had to try a few
               | to find one which consistently stays in place overnight
               | and doesn't put any pressure on my eyes, but once I found
               | one it solved all light-related problems for me.
        
               | rickydroll wrote:
               | I've tried them, and they don't work for me. They trigger
               | a bit of claustrophobia. I sleep with a full-face CPAP
               | mask, and I'm not sure I can take anything more strapped
               | to my face.
        
               | thinkharderdev wrote:
               | My wife started snoring pretty badly while she was
               | pregnant so ended up buying these earplugs
               | https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DPH7HNT1. I've never been
               | able to sleep in the foam earplugs as they either fall
               | out or the pressure starts to really irritate after a
               | while, but these don't put pressure and they stay in all
               | night. They're also really block out noise.
        
               | rickydroll wrote:
               | Thanks, adding them to the list of things to try
        
               | jks wrote:
               | These custom earplugs are the most comfortable I've ever
               | worn:
               | 
               | https://www.elacin.com/your-perfect-fit/leisure/relax-
               | sleep/
        
               | rickydroll wrote:
               | Nice. Which model do you use? And do they sell them in
               | the U.S.? Not that I would mind making a trip overseas
               | and getting away from the insanity here for a little
               | while, but it adds to the cost.
        
           | zeta0134 wrote:
           | I've found success with silicon plugs, typically marketed at
           | swimmers. They're like little balls of soft material that you
           | roll up and squish over the entrance, without inserting into
           | the ear. They lay pretty flat and I can sleep on my side with
           | them in. Now that my third neighbor in a row has acquired the
           | loudest, most constantly barking outdoor dog imaginable, I
           | functionally cannot sleep without them.
        
           | kevlened wrote:
           | This was my experience until I purchased custom molded
           | earplugs a year ago. It's one of the best purchases I've
           | made. They're superior to off-the-shelf plugs in many ways:
           | 
           | 1. They don't fall out, because they "hook into" the shape of
           | your ear.
           | 
           | 2. They sit much closer to the inner ear, so they feel
           | invisible when side-sleeping.
           | 
           | 3. It's a perfect fit every time, so you don't have to worry
           | about noise leakage or discomfort caused by pressure.
           | 
           | If you don't want to spend $200 on a pair of plugs from an
           | audiologist (I'd strongly urge you to reconsider!), the best
           | off-the-shelf alternative for me was silicone plugs. To solve
           | the side-sleeping problem with silicone plugs, you can tear
           | them in half or use children's versions depending on your ear
           | canal size.
        
             | MengerSponge wrote:
             | +1 to "get custom molded earplugs"
             | 
             | If enjoy and pay to see live music, you should spring for a
             | set of "musician's earplugs". They're molded just like
             | safety/sleeping earplugs, but they use a flat 10-15dB
             | attenuating filter. They make the music quieter without
             | distorting it.
             | 
             | Symphony players wear them because brass/percussion is loud
             | enough to cause hearing damage with hours of exposure. I've
             | sung in mine for Easter morning services where I was wedged
             | between a celebratory trumpet and an organ with all the
             | stops out.
             | 
             | They're not cheap, but they're not very expensive in the
             | world of Ticketmaster fees.
        
         | etrautmann wrote:
         | I've found that I need to use low profile earbuds (max rock)
         | with brown noise to both block sounds and mask them. It's
         | helped a ton for sleep quality.
        
         | maerF0x0 wrote:
         | thoughts on the safety of that wrt firealarms / home security?
         | 
         | Also similarly for parents? (kids/baby crying)
         | 
         | I've mostly been YOLOing it so far, but worry that once I'm not
         | single (no kids) it won't be acceptable.
        
           | mmahemoff wrote:
           | I think you'll still hear any relevant alarms. Earplugs are
           | better than nothing, but really aren't fabulous at blocking
           | noise the way eye-masks are.
           | 
           | For hearing-impaired people, there are alarms based on
           | flashing and vibration which you could look into if it's a
           | concern.
        
           | uludag wrote:
           | Having been using earplugs sleeping for the past three years,
           | you will definitely hear things like alarms. Even our babies
           | crying will consistently wake me up. With our baby, when it
           | was my time to rest, having earplugs made a huge difference
           | in terms of sleep quality.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | Even really cheap foam ones make a massive difference. They go
         | iffy after a couple nights though
        
         | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
         | Having ear plugs in for that long feels like an ice pick
         | digging into my skull. Don't know about anyone else.
        
           | darajava wrote:
           | Probably a size issue. I had earplugs that were too big that
           | start hurting after a while. I've since found smaller ones
           | that work perfectly.
        
             | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
             | I prefer the ear-muff style circumaural ones. I have to
             | wear hearing protection frequently at work and have several
             | pairs of Pro-For-Sho muffs.
        
           | plorkyeran wrote:
           | I've never found ear plugs which are comfortable inside my
           | ear canal for more than a few hours (including some extra-
           | small child ones), but the silicone ones which cover the
           | opening rather than being inserted into the ear work well for
           | me. They don't block sound as well but it's still a very
           | noticeable difference.
        
       | tobyhinloopen wrote:
       | I find this hard to believe this is universally true. I sleep
       | much worse without noise. I use a fan or a speaker to add noise
       | to the room. If I don't, I wake up constantly.
        
         | mrob wrote:
         | That could be because your added noise is masking other noise
         | with worse effects.
        
         | brandonb wrote:
         | This is an interesting hypotheses--I think we could test it by
         | looking at intra-night variance in noise. I'll try to do a
         | follow up!
        
         | hugeBirb wrote:
         | White noise and wave sounds != A motorcycle with the loudest
         | exhaust imaginable blasting by your house going 100mph at 3am
        
       | thm wrote:
       | Advertorial w/ PG name-drop.
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | I've been having issues sleeping lately, and a few days ago, the
       | flat below us started demolishing walls at 8am. This has been
       | going on for a week, and I've never slept better. It sounds like
       | they're demolishing the floor I'm sleeping on, but somehow I can
       | just ignore it and sleep soundly, whereas normally I wake up with
       | the smallest sound, like a dog barking outside my soundproof
       | windows.
       | 
       | Very odd.
        
         | lurking_swe wrote:
         | Maybe record it for an hour or so. Then after the construction
         | stops you can play it back as "soothing" sleep noise. ;)
        
         | Kerbonut wrote:
         | That's like Joe Pesci in My Cousin Vinny where he stays
         | overnight in a cabin and wakes up and freaks out at every
         | little noise, but when he's held in contempt and there's a
         | prison riot going on, he's sleeping like a baby.
        
       | codyb wrote:
       | I can't tell you what sirens outside do to my sleep, but I can
       | tell you they can be very agitating when I'm trying to fall
       | asleep.
       | 
       | It's funny though how during the recent heat dome I could barely
       | sleep after sealing the windows cause of just how dang quiet it
       | was!
       | 
       | Fickle mistress sleep be.
        
       | bumby wrote:
       | A couple things:
       | 
       | 1) I'd like to see additional measures beyond dB. A 50dB
       | consistent white noise does not bother me (and may even enhance
       | my sleep) but an intermittent off/on sound of the same magnitude
       | has a very different effect
       | 
       | 2) what is the accuracy of the consumer metrics compared to
       | medical benchmarks? In other words, how reliable are the sleep
       | measures of consumer devices? Anecdotally, I've noticed my watch
       | thinks I'm sleeping sometimes when I watch a movie, and I've
       | heard MDs say the metrics aren't accurate enough to make strong
       | conclusions.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Yes i always sleep with a nature sound generator. It's
         | comforting.
        
         | thesuitonym wrote:
         | It would also be interesting to see the effects of intermittent
         | noise when there is ambient background noise.
        
         | willsmith72 wrote:
         | yes, that would be nice to have. but surely the data we have
         | already would suggest for the benefit of our entire society,
         | especially children (with the link between good sleep and
         | mental development), we should incentivise thicker windows,
         | better sills and other quick wins now
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | To the point above, we should be careful about making strong
           | conclusions if there is a lot of uncertainty in the
           | underlying data.
        
             | willsmith72 wrote:
             | On the contrary, we gain more by making faster decisions
             | than we do by being 100% precise
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Nobody claimed we need 100% precision (or, more to the
               | point, 100% certainty). But I would argue the level of
               | our convictions should be proportional to the risk and
               | level of certainty.
               | 
               | To the point being made, for most Americans the cost of
               | updating your building envelope and fenestration is
               | relatively high. Yet if we look at the accuracy of the
               | data (compared to the medical device standard), it's
               | moderate accuracy. So we're taking a high risk for
               | something that we're only moderately confident will work.
               | That's not a good tradeoff. There may be interventions
               | that are lower risk that make for a more balanced
               | approach.
               | 
               | "Move fast and break things" as a general philosophy is a
               | risk-blind approach.
        
               | willsmith72 wrote:
               | This isn't the first study on noise and sleep, in fact
               | it's barely scientific compared to the rest of the
               | research.
               | 
               | There is no scientific disagreement as to the
               | correlation, it's just "how big" and "what specifically".
               | 
               | Compare the downside of "smaller impact than expected"
               | with the cost of delay and it's a no-brainer
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | > _smaller impact than expected_
               | 
               | Yes, it's about both effect size and uncertainty. That's
               | science. But your original post also brought policy into
               | play. Unless you actually know that uncertainty, effect
               | size, and those costs (including opportunity costs),
               | you're just making stuff up because "it just makes sense
               | so it must be true." That's neither good science, nor
               | good policy.
               | 
               | Advocating for big policy changes (like changing building
               | codes) without understanding those aspects is like
               | jumping into a pool headfirst before knowing the depth.
        
         | brandonb wrote:
         | #1 is a great idea for follow-up -- looking at variance, 90th
         | percentile vs median, and so on. There's probably some very
         | salient measure of sleep-affecting noise that we can derive
         | from the data.
         | 
         | On the accuracy of sleep metrics, when Apple Watch makes an
         | error, it tends to misclassify deep or REM sleep as core
         | (light) sleep, or waking as light sleep. It's relatively rare
         | to misclassify deep or REM sleep as awake, or deep as REM (and
         | vice versa). That's partly why we focus on those specific sleep
         | metrics. You can see a full confusion matrix here:
         | https://www.empirical.health/metrics/deep-sleep-percent#accu...
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | Thanks! That's great information. Do you have any data on how
           | that performance compares to medical-grade devices?
        
             | brandonb wrote:
             | The confusion matrix linked above compares the Apple Watch
             | to polysomnography equipment (which is the medical device
             | used in a sleep lab). It doesn't _quite_ answer your
             | question, since we're assuming the polysomnography
             | equipment is ground truth, but it at least gives an idea of
             | the discordance between a consumer device and a medical
             | device.
        
         | garyfirestorm wrote:
         | There is a field dedicated to this called as psychoacoustics.
         | Sound pressure level (SPL) alone won't work for this experiment
         | like you said. There are other metrics like steady state and
         | transient noise, masking from different frequencies having
         | different effects on humans. It is definitely doable but far
         | more complicated than the tweets seem to make it sound.
        
       | cwmoore wrote:
       | Ask an inmate:
       | 
       | https://amp.sacbee.com/news/california/article240396741.html
       | 
       | EDIT/TLDR: highly effective
        
         | jilles wrote:
         | There might be some other factors in that situation that
         | prevent one from having a restful night.
        
           | cwmoore wrote:
           | Might be! And some people might not deserve sleep! But
           | "every half hour with pipe-like electronic devices that cause
           | loud clanging noises"
           | 
           | seems to be the specific relevant factor.
           | 
           | "Stanford University sleep medicine professor who says in a
           | court-filed declaration that Lipsey "is exposed to
           | unrelenting noise that is out of his control that can further
           | (fuel) his insomnia and potentially worsens his health."
        
       | conradev wrote:
       | A lot of folks are talking about the "consistency" of a sound
       | (constant white noise vs random sounds) and its volume, but I
       | feel like the nature of the sound matters a lot more.
       | 
       | I'll respond much differently to my bedroom door opening or a
       | voice speaking than I do a bus outside.
       | 
       | It reminds me of the anecdote where human researchers rang bells
       | near bears (human sounds) and the bears didn't care, but if they
       | broke a large bundle of branches (bear sounds), the bears went
       | berserk.
       | 
       | I feel like our subconscious is a lot more involved here than we
       | give it credit for.
        
         | mmahemoff wrote:
         | This is especially true for sleep since we can be pretty good
         | at incorporating external sounds into our dreams. It's been
         | shown in controlled experiments. Seems likely that certain
         | noises are generically easier to integrate into dreams than
         | other noises, which could just cause you to wake up or have
         | your sleep otherwise impaired.
        
         | alexyaseen wrote:
         | why don't more hotels seem to understand this? so often I find
         | that even nice hotels have very minimal background noise but
         | poor soundproofing of the doors. so hallway noise disrupts
         | sleep so much
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Because good materials cost more than "fancy" decorations.
        
           | sandspar wrote:
           | When hotels buy doors, they optimize for things like cost,
           | fireproofing, and weight (so guests and housecleaning can
           | open them easily). Noise cancelling is a nice-to-have, but if
           | you're buying and maintaining ~100 room doors (USA average
           | per hotel), then you have to cut costs somewhere. On top of
           | that, hotel hallway environments tend to be noisy in the
           | first place. We're talking long, narrow hallways with hard
           | walls, plus constant streams of holidaymakers who aren't
           | exactly tiptoeing around.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | The last time I lived in a flat the guy downstairs got up at
         | 6am and used an iPhone. I know that because I could hear his
         | alarm through the floor. Couldn't have been anywhere near 60dB
         | in my room, but it would wake me up every damn time. Oddly,
         | even today I am absurdly sensitive to that awful Apple alarm
         | sound.
        
           | conradev wrote:
           | Same! I will jump out of my seat if I hear it loud, sleeping
           | or not. If it goes off anywhere on a bus or a plane, I hear
           | it at very low volume. I'm glad they've (since) changed the
           | defaults to less jarring sounds.
        
         | cloverich wrote:
         | I wake up _super_ easy at many parts of the night, to all kinds
         | of minor sounds. But when I lived directly behind a train, I
         | not only don't recall it waking me up, I distinctly remember
         | that, after getting used to it, it had a kind of calming effect
         | on me. Really interesting. But I wonder if it was still
         | disrupting my sleep and to what degree. I'd mainly like to know
         | in case we have future housing options next to a train because,
         | outside of being near horn / turns, I wouldn't normally worry
         | much about it.
        
       | YossarianFrPrez wrote:
       | Some days I joke that there should be a set of Nobel prizes for
       | making machines quieter. Categories could include: air-
       | conditioning units and mini-fridges, construction and landscaping
       | equipment, old university buildings, pump-housings, etc. The
       | quality of life of many would be improved if we had quieter
       | machines. It boggles my mind that a) in many hotel rooms one can
       | hear a good deal of machine noise and neighbors' televisions, and
       | b) that some sort of noise score (as calculated from DB meter
       | measurements) isn't more widely available for things like
       | apartment rentals, conference room bookings, etc.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | > making machines quieter
         | 
         | It's already possible, just not profitable.
        
           | mrexroad wrote:
           | Exactly. That's where the other comment about a "noise tax",
           | or enact fines for exceeding limits, are probably necessary
           | to shift the calculus.
           | 
           | Japan is a good case study [1]. If nothing else, it's fun to
           | look at the charts showing noise reductions--not just in
           | aggregate, but for each contributing input (e.g. engine,
           | intake, exhaust, tires, cooling)--for both passenger vehicles
           | and heavy equipment. Unfortunately, in the US, we have a few
           | obstacles to legislation like this, least of which being
           | public apathy as majority of voters who are not exposed to
           | high sound levels daily.
           | 
           | "Japan's primary legislation governing noise regulation is
           | the Environmental Noise Regulation Act, first introduced in
           | 1986 and subsequently amended in 1999. This act sets
           | different noise limits for different times of the day, with
           | the maximum allowable noise level during the day set at 55
           | decibels and reduced to 45 decibels at night to prevent
           | disturbances to those who are sleeping. Violators of these
           | standards are subject to penalties."
           | 
           | [1] https://www.lios-group.com/news/noise-regulations-in-
           | japan-o...
        
         | willsmith72 wrote:
         | what about a noise tax? my city has some electric buses and
         | some ancient buses - the difference obviously is absolutely
         | huge, but right now the financial incentives aren't there to
         | upgrade the whole fleet
        
         | sidewndr46 wrote:
         | Noise from construction machines is actually a feature. They
         | all have added backup beepers at this point as required per
         | OSHA guidelines. Audible for well over a mile in normal
         | conditions
        
           | arp242 wrote:
           | > Audible for well over a mile in normal conditions
           | 
           | That doesn't strike me as a feature.
           | 
           | Also a solved problem:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rwJ5NCf1Vw
           | 
           | Tesco delivery trucks have them here in Ireland; it's pretty
           | good stuff. Still quite loud/noticeable when you're up close,
           | while at the same time not being completely obnoxious to
           | everyone in a kilometre radius.
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | They have to be loud enough to be heard through hearing
             | protection. The amplitude is a feature.
             | 
             | It's a "solved problem" in the sense that nuclear energy is
             | a solved problem. There's no mandate to actually see
             | widespread roll out of anything that may be a better
             | solution.
             | 
             | There's a construction site near me at present. There is
             | always 1 machine in reverse, at all times. The utility of
             | having a backup beeper or any noise making device on that
             | site is thus zero. It is the single largest source of noise
             | pollution, larger than the roadway
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | > _The utility of having a backup beeper or any noise
               | making device on that site is thus zero._
               | 
               | This strikes me as an odd take, maybe from someone who
               | has never worked on a construction site.
               | 
               | Our auditory sense is more than just a binary
               | "present/not present" detection. We can sense distance
               | and direction. Just because there is a backup beeper
               | _somewhere_ on site does not mean there is no value to
               | any other auditory signal.
               | 
               | Think about when you're in a congested city. There's
               | probably a lot of ambient car noise, including horns, in
               | the background. That doesn't mean you're unable to react
               | to a honking car in your immediate vicinity.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | You just believe you can sense the direction of loud
               | noises in urban environments. Our nervous system has no
               | "404 not found" for positional awareness. Even after
               | severe head trauma, you have a sense of position for
               | everything. It's so wrong as to be useless, but you have
               | it.
               | 
               | Ask anyone who's been at a shooting in a city. Everyone
               | gives a different answer for where the shooter was at.
               | It's such a severe issue the US Army has microphone
               | arrays they equip urban combat vehicles with. Even with
               | bullets actually bouncing off the armor the troops cannot
               | accurately locate the direction of the shooter(s).
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Those beepers should be directional. I don't need to hear the
           | beep opposite the direction of movement.
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | The requirements are that it be heard in all directions,
             | including straight up.
        
         | Dambalala wrote:
         | https://www.quietmark.com/
        
       | WhereIsTheTruth wrote:
       | I find it fascinating that as a society, we allowed automobiles
       | to pass close to homes
       | 
       | I'm glad we are finally going to transition to EVs.. about time
        
         | 7jjjjjjj wrote:
         | At a distance, most of the noise from a car is road noise, not
         | engine noise.
        
         | rebeccaskinner wrote:
         | Unfortunately even without engine noise people will still
         | install gigantic subwoofers in their car and roll around
         | rattling windows. This has consistently been the biggest
         | problem with my sleep for years, and nothing I've been able to
         | do (including trying to move to different locations) has helped
         | because they are so incredibly loud and prevalent these days.
        
           | anal_reactor wrote:
           | I bought an apartment next to a cycling path that connects
           | the area to the city centre and that was singlehandedly the
           | biggest mistake of my life, because the path also allows
           | mopeds, which have engines orders of magnitude louder than
           | loudest cars. This is insanity. Thankfully, the city is
           | planning to ban fossil-fuel mopeds within five years. They
           | already started phasing them out, you can't register a new
           | one, only old ones are allowed. These are going to be five
           | very long years though.
           | 
           | Also, it's a mostly black area, which means people hanging
           | out and talking right in front of the apartment building,
           | even though there's a public park five minutes of walk away.
           | When I was searching for an apartment to buy, there was one
           | on tenth floor, and I regret not buying that one, because I'd
           | be shielded from all the noise on the street.
           | 
           | I was fully conviced that I'd be able to stomach living in
           | poorer area and wait for gentrification to happen. I can live
           | with trash on the street. I can live with vandalism. I can
           | live with beggars by the supermarket. I can live with theft
           | and other crime. But the noise. The noise is fucking
           | unbearable.
           | 
           | My dream is to wait until the apartment doubles or triples in
           | value, then sell it, and move to rural shithole where nobody
           | lives.
        
             | rangestransform wrote:
             | https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/09/let-
             | bro...
             | 
             | didn't you get the memo that wanting peace and quiet is
             | racist and classist now?
        
               | anal_reactor wrote:
               | 1. Diversity and inclusivity does not work. People
               | segregate themselves into groups because it's easier for
               | them to communicate. White people will always prefer to
               | hang out with other white people, and black people will
               | always prefer to hang out with other black people. This
               | is clearly visible in my city - all the black people are
               | concentrated in a ghetto, and on the street you never see
               | mixed-race groups. Similarly, at work when I go for lunch
               | I notice that people tend to gravitate towards same or
               | similar nationalities.
               | 
               | 2. I am a full-blown classist and I see no problem with
               | that. I grew up in a small village and everyone who
               | escaped poverty hates poor people.
        
         | adonovan wrote:
         | Yeah, it is sad to think how different things could have been,
         | especially when you consider how loud/dangerous/toxic early
         | cars were.
         | 
         | On the other hand, before that, we (humans) allowed horses to
         | shit (and decompose) in the streets, and long before that, we
         | invited livestock to spend the winter in the same room. So the
         | past wasn't idyllically clean or well organized either.
        
       | mmahemoff wrote:
       | I wish someone could solve the problem at the receiver end, i.e.,
       | invent noise-cancelling headphones/earplugs that actually cancel
       | noise as effectively as eye-masks cancel light.
       | 
       | In addition to sleep needs, the world has gotten noisier now that
       | people are habitually using speakerphones in public in the most
       | obnoxious ways.
        
         | dmoy wrote:
         | I mean....
         | 
         | https://westone.com/defendear-sleep
         | 
         | Gets you some pretty good quiet for sleep. It's not active
         | noise cancelling, but they work pretty well.
         | 
         | Anecdotally if you wear a pair of westone solids, and then a
         | pair of earmuffs on top of that, you are basically just hearing
         | through your bones, which can't be avoided (with passive or
         | active).
        
         | hn_throw2025 wrote:
         | I used to use mouldable silicone ear plugs :
         | 
         | https://bioears.co.uk/products/bioears-ear-plugs
         | 
         | Very effective, but eventually they made me just focus on my
         | tinnitus.
         | 
         | I now live in a quieter place and use some white noise from a
         | speaker - ocean sounds.
        
           | jks wrote:
           | These are the most comfortable earplugs I've used:
           | 
           | https://www.elacin.com/your-perfect-fit/leisure/relax-sleep/
           | 
           | Currently I use Ozlo Sleepbuds which are not quite as
           | comfortable and a little finicky to operate, but I like the
           | masking noise.
        
       | Anechoic wrote:
       | FYI, there's been _tons_ of research of the effects of noise on
       | sleep from different sources. There have been studies ranging
       | from in-lab experiments, to in-home experiments with artificial
       | and natural sources. If you 're interested, some resources:
       | 
       | Institute of Noise Control Engineering Digital library:
       | https://www.inceusa.org/publications/ince-digital-library/
       | (papers older than 10 years old are available free)
       | 
       | Federal Interagency Committee on Aviation Noise:
       | https://fican1.wordpress.com/findings/ (focuses on aviation
       | noise)
       | 
       | Acoustical Society of America Lay Language Papers:
       | https://acoustics.org/lay-language-papers/ (search for "sleep" --
       | the ASA has a full library of more detailed research but the
       | documents cost money unless you're an ASA member)
       | 
       | World Health Organization guidelines on noise -
       | https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/343936/WHO-EURO-...
       | (doesn't get into specifics on research on sleep, but does refer
       | recommended limits to sleep disturbance)
       | 
       | NIH has done a bunch of research on sleep disturbance from noise,
       | you would need to search through their library
       | 
       | edit (one more): TRB/National Academies
       | https://nap.nationalacademies.org/search/?rpp=20&ft=1&term=n...
       | 
       | A lot of the stuff that posters are asking for have in fact been
       | done, it just takes some digging through the research sites to
       | find them. There's a lot of variation in the data, the hypothesis
       | is that sleep sensitivity varies a lot based on various physical
       | factors (age being a big one).
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | Interesting, perhaps age related deafness contributes.
        
           | Ntrails wrote:
           | I'd expect the relationship goes the other way around. Most
           | old people I know sleep lightly comparatively
        
           | schiffern wrote:
           | >age-related deafness
           | 
           | Interestingly, there's been some suggestion that hearing loss
           | is not inevitable with age, but is mostly just the
           | accumulation of noise-related hearing loss in a loud
           | industrial society.
           | 
           | https://canadianaudiologist.ca/a-new-perspective-on-
           | chronic-...
           | 
           | https://www.icben.org/2017/ICBEN%202017%20Papers/SubjectArea.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00660-3
           | 
           | I think partly the issue is that how we measure noise doesn't
           | match how noise causes injury. Your cochlea acts as a spiral
           | resonant tube, essentially a "physical FFT," concentrating
           | energy at a particular frequency onto a particular location
           | in the spiral. Too much (local!) energy damages the hair
           | cells, causing conductive hearing loss.
           | 
           | But because we calculate A-weighted decibels by summing all
           | frequencies _and then_ checking if we 're above the injury
           | threshold (vs checking whether we exceed the injury threshold
           | _at any frequency_ ), using A-weighted decibels can't
           | accurately determine damaging noise levels. If all the energy
           | is concentrated at Middle A it will cause more damage than
           | spreading the energy out across the spectrum, even if the
           | A-weighted decibels come out equal.
           | 
           | It's a somewhat subtle, wrong order-of-operations problem.
           | There's also a separate problem that A-weighting is designed
           | to normalize for _perception_ at various frequencies, not
           | hearing damage.
           | 
           | I've tried searching the literature to find out whether this
           | is either 1)wrong, or 2)generally known within the fields of
           | audiology and occupational hygiene, but so far I've come up
           | empty.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | I recall an HN poster long ago saying how they wore earplugs
           | daily to achieve "super hearing." It occurs to me that all
           | they were doing was _actually_ protecting their ears from
           | damage. :-|
        
             | Anechoic wrote:
             | _I 've tried searching the literature to find out whether
             | this is either 1)wrong, or 2)generally known within the
             | fields of audiology and occupational hygiene, but so far
             | I've come up empty._
             | 
             | FWIW, I've also heard the same, but don't remember where
             | off the top of my head. It's at least potentially true, but
             | the conventional wisdom among acousticians/noise control
             | engineering is that age-related hearing loss is mostly to
             | increasing age rather than external factors.
        
       | Magi604 wrote:
       | My apartment is along a corridor that is frequented by emergency
       | vehicles, so sirens are frequent during normal sleep hours, and
       | my apartment windows face the sunrise. I've adopted a number of
       | things over the years to combat all of this:
       | 
       | - Blackout curtains
       | 
       | - Earplugs
       | 
       | - White noise maker (just an air purifier but it does the same
       | thing)
       | 
       | - 3mg Melatonin
        
       | uludag wrote:
       | I've been using earplugs practically every night for the past
       | three years and I can't recommend them enough. While the
       | particular kind I use (Mack's ultra soft) don't block out all the
       | noise, there is a wide variety of noises that used to wake me up
       | which don't anymore. If you haven't tried them I would highly
       | recommend giving sleeping with earplugs a shot. It only takes a
       | few days or so to get used to them.
       | 
       | In terms of downsides, only once in the past three years did I
       | get some earwax clogged in some part of my ear which was easy to
       | remove with some special spray (went to urgent care). Also, I
       | have a very hard time sleeping without them anymore so I always
       | make sure to have a pair at hand. Also, you may have to
       | experiment with various brands and types as some brands are
       | really uncomfortable and hurt my ear.
        
         | octo888 wrote:
         | 3M 1100 work great for me. You can get a box of 200 pairs
         | 
         | Unfortunately they changed a bit the past few years to be
         | slightly less comfortable but I still find them the best
         | overall
        
           | Arainach wrote:
           | Foam are significantly less comfortable for side sleeping and
           | block less noise than Silicone (Mack's) which still come in
           | large sets for well under $1/pair.
        
             | octo888 wrote:
             | Ear plugs are highly personal I find. People need to find
             | what works for them. I can't stand wax or silicone earplugs
             | for example. I sleep on my side
        
             | jagaerglad wrote:
             | I don't know about the 1100 but I have another model (ear
             | classic), just simple foam earplugs, of the same
             | manufacturer. Having gone through many different foam,
             | silicon etc plugs from the pharmacy and grocery shop, the
             | 3M are undeniably the best I've ever had. No pain from the
             | foam expanding bigger than the ear canal (although it's
             | initially bigger), no itching from sweat etc, no pressure
             | on the eardrum when side-sleeping (that tinnitus feeling
             | from some foam earplugs). They are literally perfect, and
             | the noise blocking is the best I've experienced. I don't
             | know what it is but perhaps they have some foam patented
             | that only they use (probably poisonous or something in true
             | evil company fashion though)
             | 
             | The only reason I tried them is that I found myself in a
             | situation where my standard silicone earplugs were gone and
             | where somebody gave me a box of hundreds of earplugs they
             | didn't manage to sell at a concert. I was bracing myself
             | for a terrible night of ear pain, but was pleasantly
             | surprised of how superior they were to anything I had
             | tried, still using earplugs from the very same box as my
             | night-to-night noise relief
        
         | roamerz wrote:
         | That's all great until something happens while you are sleeping
         | that needs your attention. I'd love to be able to use something
         | like that but being responsible for my family's safety says I
         | cannot.
         | 
         | Maybe there is room for a device that recognizes those types of
         | sounds and maybe triggers a watch vibration would be a
         | solution.
        
           | uludag wrote:
           | That's a valid point. Alarms of all sorts do still wake me
           | up, along with crying babies. It worked well when my wife and
           | I were taking shifts being with the baby. When it was my turn
           | to rest, using earplugs definitely made my sleep time more
           | effective.
        
       | mmh0000 wrote:
       | I've spent years "fixing" my sleep. Things I recommend:
       | 
       | * a sleep tracker. I love AutoSleep -
       | https://apps.apple.com/us/app/autosleep-track-sleep-on-watch...
       | 
       | * Any kind of white noise. I use an air purifier at home, and a
       | little pocket size white noise machine when I travel.
       | 
       | * find and eliminate any noises in your home. Computers, fridges,
       | squeaky doors, etc.
       | 
       | * find and eliminate any lights. Especially stupid power and
       | status LEDs. Bedroom should be pitch black at night. Electrical
       | tape works well for this.
       | 
       | * Blackout curtains
       | 
       | * cheap eye mask
       | 
       | * Magnesium Glycate supplement
       | 
       | * Earplugs- https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B0015TBGR6
       | 
       | * And finally, a recent addition that I've fallen in love with is
       | sleep ear buds: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DT9GBFQ2
       | 
       | Although, I would wait on getting sleep ear buds, Anker just
       | announced a new model with ANC and a similar price.
        
         | codybontecou wrote:
         | Appreciate the list. How do you eliminate fridge noise (besides
         | replacing the fridge entirely)?
        
         | yukIttEft wrote:
         | I have a street in front of my bedroom and I'm wondering how
         | well ANC earbuds work in that case. Will it be completely
         | silent or will there still be some kind of whoosh-sound?
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | A large quantity of disposable earplugs is so cheap that I'd
           | recommend you try that before investing time and money into
           | ANC earbuds.
           | 
           | My spouse snores loudly, and a $15 container of 50 pairs has
           | lasted more than 2 years, and saved our ability to co-sleep
           | (I was only a couple nights away from moving to our guest
           | room). We're also on a street with a very permissive speed
           | limit, and we're under the approach path of the nearby
           | airport, and it's never a problem.
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0051U7W32 I got these, $15 for 50
           | pairs; the GP comment is $40 for 200 pairs which is a better
           | value but more investment if you wind up dissatisfied
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | It won't be completely silent, if only because ANC always
           | comes with low-level white noise.
           | 
           | I second the disposable earplugs recommendations.
        
         | timeattack wrote:
         | Any advice on how to eliminate noisy neighbours that would
         | randomly drop their shit at random intervals in the middle of
         | night and let their child to stomp around every late evening?
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | > Any advice on how to eliminate noisy neighbours
           | 
           | ... Not from a _Jedi_. :p
        
             | grg0 wrote:
             | No need for fancy light sabers, put them to the sword.
        
           | trollbridge wrote:
           | Unfortunately, the best way to cure this is "don't live
           | underneath other people".
        
             | rwyinuse wrote:
             | I second this. If you really have to live in a flat, top
             | floor is always the superior option.
        
               | grg0 wrote:
               | Literally the superior option.
        
           | scythe wrote:
           | You know, I work in hospitals all day and people are always
           | stomping around and moving heavy equipment. But you never
           | hear anything coming through the ceiling.
           | 
           | Contact your state representative and ask them to do
           | something about the building codes. It's a completely
           | voluntary problem. American buildings are noisy because we
           | decided that was okay.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | >Contact your state representative and ask them to do
             | something about the building codes. It's a completely
             | voluntary problem. American buildings are noisy because we
             | decided that was okay.
             | 
             | Congratulations on finding an equally terrible and bad for
             | everybody apartment-living analog to the sort of
             | suburbanite Karen opinion that underpins meddling HOAs and
             | busybody municipal codes.
             | 
             | If you want a quieter apartment pony up to live in a nicer
             | one. Don't force the rest of society to shoulder the
             | expense.
        
             | timeattack wrote:
             | You assume I'm in US, while I'm not. Not even EU. I know
             | building owner personally and the only factual way is to
             | evict those people. The only problem is that building owner
             | is leasing them an apartment, and you can't evict people
             | basing on household noises, even if they are driving me
             | insane.
        
           | conradev wrote:
           | Ear plugs! https://acscustom.com/uk/products/other-
           | products/sleep-sound
        
             | ziofill wrote:
             | That would be my no 1 go-to, if I didn't have to remain
             | alert for my 3 year old sleeping next door (he can seep
             | through the noisy neighbors though!)... (btw our neighbours
             | are underneath and they cook at night, and talk very
             | loudly)
        
             | seletskiy wrote:
             | Unfortunately, ear plugs would not help against low
             | frequency bass noise, which this noise typically is.
        
         | 4b11b4 wrote:
         | I may suggest custom ear buds. Best $200 you'll spend. The
         | original method is a wax form, but now there is a 3D scanning
         | tool to map the shape of your ear.
        
           | LouisSayers wrote:
           | ... or just buy silicone ones from the pharmacy (the ones for
           | swimmers).
           | 
           | I keep some of these on me at all times in case I end up next
           | to any loud speakers.
        
           | serpix wrote:
           | 2 euro silicone ear plugs from Aliexpress easily beat the
           | custom ear plugs I had.
        
         | cooppearson wrote:
         | Would like to second ear plugs, it took some testing to find
         | the right softness/size because I have _very small_ ear canals,
         | but these slim-fit earplugs have been life-changing for my
         | sleep: https://a.co/d/38Kftbm
         | 
         | The earplugs don't completely cut out environmental noise, but
         | they dampen it enough that I don't find myself being awakened
         | by any bumps in the night.
         | 
         | And snipping down the tail ends of the earplugs with scissors
         | helps reduce pressure if you're a side sleeper.
        
         | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
         | I can't stand earplugs, and think of ear buds as counter-
         | productive. I've used (silken) eye masks, but have no use for
         | them anymore, because successfully blacked out everything.
         | 
         | Don't know what to make of white-noise, do purring cats count?
         | Or really relaxed snuggling with sexy gals after having fucked
         | each others brains out? Or both?
        
         | wintermutestwin wrote:
         | What does AutoSleep offer above and beyond Apple's Health app?
         | 
         | I have (and recommend) a white noise machine at home, but when
         | I travel, I use the awesome MyNoise app, which lets you EQ the
         | noise precisely so you can target the specific annoyance in
         | your environment.
        
           | mmh0000 wrote:
           | > What does AutoSleep offer above and beyond Apple's Health
           | app?
           | 
           | In my experience. After initial setup, it is way more
           | accurate.
           | 
           | Apple commonly says I get more hours of sleep than I know I
           | do. Apple counts just being relaxed as sleeping. Whereas I
           | can tune AutoSleep to correctly identify the difference
           | between me sleep and just being super relaxed. Thus I get a
           | much more accurate image of what is working
           | 
           | Also the apple sleep graph is actually terrible. Almost
           | impossible to understand when wake up are occurring.
        
             | wintermutestwin wrote:
             | I will definitely check it out then as I am frustrated by
             | the same problem where Apple shows me as asleep when I am
             | meditating myself back to sleep. It even shows me as
             | sleeping when I have pushed the crown to see the time!
        
         | EasyMark wrote:
         | Getting blackout curtains and killing off any stray light from
         | clocks was huge for me.
        
         | random3 wrote:
         | Same thing - I've been adjusting my sleep since first Sleep
         | Cycle came for iPhone. I started with a "smart" alarm and
         | learned alarms are harmful. I didn't need an alarm, I just
         | needed 7-8h of sleep. I was going to bed 1-2AM.
         | 
         | I'm doing all of the above with the following differences:
         | 
         | - I use AirPods pro. They are not that comfortable, but leaving
         | a Audible low in background helps falling asleep and also
         | getting back to sleep rather than picking random problems to
         | solve and eventually waking up. It was "life-saver" when I
         | started my first company before learning to manage stress.
         | 
         | - I used these 3M sleeping ear buds and they were the most
         | confortable https://www.amazon.com/3M-Disposable-Earplugs-
         | Quiet-Sleep/dp...
         | 
         | - Extra pillow over head, helps a lot (I have no idea why)
        
         | mersenne wrote:
         | I've also been doing small improvements to my sleep over the
         | years and share some of your recommendations! What's worked
         | best for me have been:
         | 
         | 1. Good mattress and pillow (this is a 101 kind of thing).
         | 
         | 2. Having the right temperature (same as above).
         | 
         | 3. White noise. I also use a white noise machine and the White
         | Noise app on iOS (which I bought for like $1 years ago and
         | still use it). Ironically, I don't use white noise but brown
         | noise, which is slightly more soothing to me.
         | 
         | 4. Air purifier, not necessarily for the white noise it
         | produces because it's pretty silent, but because that way I
         | guarantee that I get at least 8 hours of purified air a day.
         | 
         | 5. Black out curtains.
         | 
         | 6. Eye masks. I actually wear two at once -- the first one to
         | block any lights, the second one to press against my eyelashes,
         | which I find it better for sleeping.
         | 
         | 7. Magnesium Glycinate. I've tried different supplements,
         | different forms of magnesium, and even different brands, and
         | the one that I currently use has worked wonders for me. Made me
         | go from being a light sleeper to a medium-heavy sleeper.
         | 
         | Haven't tried earplugs, but I don't really feel the need to.
         | Another thing I tried (but never noticed a real difference) was
         | using a small piece of tape on my lips to avoid opening my
         | mouth.
        
       | octo888 wrote:
       | Low frequency noise is the worst. Extremely difficult often
       | impossible to eliminate without a lot of expense. Travels long
       | distances. Absolute nightmare for people sensitive to noise
        
       | socalgal2 wrote:
       | I don't know how to state this well but I find the fact that
       | nearly all new apartment buildings in California are only allowed
       | to be built on busy streets very frustrating. I'm guessing it's
       | part nimby-ism and part zoning but every time I see a new
       | apartment complex it's next to the busiest streets in the city
       | (LA, SF). It's like many things, if you want health you must be
       | rich. If you can't afford a house then F.U. You get a loud
       | apartment with constant traffic noise.
       | 
       | I *almost* feel like it should be illegal to build them next to
       | the freeway like
       | 
       | Those ones just north of SFO next to the 110:
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/sAkUMhmnutZ1jFd27
       | 
       | The ones in downtown LA next to the 110:
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/4mBVLo12hLR4EwU16
       | 
       | The ones north of LAX at Howard Hughes:
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/Z8bnB7wR5jDBddhg6
       | 
       | I don't actually think I think they should be illegal but dang
       | it, I wish there were more options for new apartments. In LA
       | there are lots of older apartment buildings in quiet residential
       | neighborhoods built 50+ years ago.
       | 
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/KMLav1zLiQZK6T8L6
       | 
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/aUH52rBAbaHExjzB6
       | 
       | They are no longer allowed to be built AFAICT.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | Streets are much quieter at lower speed limits. There is
         | definitely room for improvement here from the traffic
         | engineers.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Downtown is very low speed but very noisy.
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | Say what you will about the suburbs but the grass and
             | landscaping on each and every property is like noise
             | cancelling foam being applied compared to the hardscaping
             | downtown.
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | This is why I moved to suburbs tbh
               | 
               | Compared to the city it's so quiet and peaceful. My sleep
               | is much better
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | To a point. The problem is that the kind of people who are
           | always screeching about traffic speeds are never satisfied
           | and below a certain threshold the only way to go get slower
           | is 4-way stops. And once those go in you get to listen to
           | every motorcycle and delivery truck accelerate after the
           | stop.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | That's not a problem with the location. That's a problem with
         | building materials. I've lives on the busiest street in town,
         | with well insulated walls and windows that block out street
         | noise. And I've lived in poorly -constructed suburban houses
         | that admit noise from across the neighborhood.
        
           | layman51 wrote:
           | I disagree. The location is definitely a factor. If you live
           | within 300 feet (about 100 meters) of a multi-lane highway,
           | then depending on the wind patterns, you are definitely
           | getting more exposure to pollutants that come from cars,
           | trucks, or their brakes and tires. But no one in California
           | is ready to talk about addressing this because it would
           | require radically changing the status quo.
        
           | socalgal2 wrote:
           | So you're saying people living in apartments are required to
           | never open their windows?
           | 
           | I'm all for better construction but I still want to be able
           | to open my windows without having to let in tons of noise and
           | car exhaust
        
         | sjs382 wrote:
         | > only allowed to be built on busy streets
         | 
         | Is this true or a misleading observation?
         | 
         | I can see some argument about it, increasing traffic in areas
         | that aren't equipped for it if the building is large enough.
         | But it might just be market forces, too: in larger cities, it's
         | often more desirable to be near a major artery. Earplugs (if
         | the noise bothers you) vs a longer commute.
        
           | aegypti wrote:
           | It is quite literally illegal to build anything but detached
           | single family homes on 95.8 percent of the total residential
           | land area in California / 75% of the residential land area in
           | most major American cities.
        
             | trollbridge wrote:
             | "Residential land area"? Much of California's land has no
             | zoning at all. Of course, it's not near any cities either
             | (or near any road noise).
        
               | aegypti wrote:
               | It is illegal to build housing without a permit, and you
               | will not be issued a permit on much of California's land.
               | 
               | Residential land area = land you can build housing on
               | 
               | https://belonging.berkeley.edu/single-family-zoning-
               | californ...
        
             | jobs_throwaway wrote:
             | Daily reminder that our zoning policy is deeply racist and
             | evil
        
           | conradev wrote:
           | I don't know about "only allowed", but this is a thing:
           | 
           | https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/senate-passes-senator-
           | wiener...
        
         | aegypti wrote:
         | https://cayimby.org/legislation/sb-79/
         | 
         | They will be allowed by right near any type of transit stop if
         | SB79 goes through!
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | This entrenches that behavior because the transit stops are
           | often on arterials.
        
             | aegypti wrote:
             | Hopefully the legislators have thought of this and extended
             | the downzoning to half a mile even for BRT stops in the
             | middle of the sunset district :)
        
         | dackle wrote:
         | Check out the location of these condos in downtown Toronto
         | built alongside the Gardiner Expressway, a very busy 90km/h
         | (~55mph) highway: https://maps.app.goo.gl/TGLCBJGbrSEkAm7W6
         | 
         | The satellite view shows many units in multiple buildings
         | directly next to this highway with no noise protection:
         | https://maps.app.goo.gl/JA4jMPSSYsDBq5my5
         | 
         | Years ago I lived near a busy four-lane road with what seemed
         | like a reasonable 60km/h speed limit. However, when it rained,
         | the noise from the car tires on the wet road made it difficult
         | to hear music from my radio. It was very unpleasant to leave
         | the balcony doors open, as the constant din starts to work its
         | way into your brain and make it very difficult to focus.
        
         | quoxi wrote:
         | I was looking for an apartment on the SF Peninsula a couple
         | years back. Nearly all apartment buildings constructed in
         | recent years are right next to the freeway or right next to the
         | CalTrain train tracks. Lots of air and noise pollution, and it
         | feels like borderline hostility towards renters. Lived there
         | for a short while and ultimately moved out of the Bay Area
         | because of the poor options for renters in that area (although
         | it gets better the further south you go) and of course the sky-
         | high housing prices.
        
       | emsign wrote:
       | I'm using pink noise to suppress my REM phase and get more deep
       | sleep when my body needs extra regeneration at the expense of
       | mental regeneration. Luckily there's none of that random street
       | noise in my neighborhood.
        
       | todotask2 wrote:
       | I have even worse noise in my area -- a widespread ground
       | vibration across a few kilometers, like a constant loud 50Hz hum
       | that causes a tingling sensation in my body. You can't even block
       | it by covering your ears. I've been experiencing this frequently,
       | both thru the night and during the day, for the past five years
       | here in Singapore has affected my sleep rhythm, can't sleep with
       | that noise. I've unemployed for the past 5 years.
        
         | octo888 wrote:
         | Low frequency noise is the worst! Probably a stupid question
         | but do you know anyone else that can hear it? I had a low-
         | frequency version of tinnitus and I spent weeks thinking it was
         | some external noise
        
           | todotask2 wrote:
           | My mum hears it too, but the local authorities simply claimed
           | they couldn't hear anything during that brief moment. They'd
           | have to stay overnight to really hear and feel it -- inside a
           | room, not just in a public space. It even vibrate my eardrum
           | like I'm sitting on an F16 pilot seat.
           | 
           | I don't hear it in other districts.
           | 
           | I wish there were an expert or researcher interested in these
           | areas: residential buildings, shops, parks, churches, and
           | schools.
        
             | lurking_swe wrote:
             | i'd try getting this in front of a journalist or news
             | station. They may be more excited to investigate "weird"
             | claims like this one. Sorry to hear about your situation.
        
             | Anechoic wrote:
             | _I wish there were an expert or researcher interested in
             | these areas: residential buildings, shops, parks, churches,
             | and schools._
             | 
             | You mean an expert in acoustics related to those areas?
             | There are lots of experts and researchers. Take a look at
             | the Acoustical Society of America, the Institute of Noise
             | Control Engineering, and Council for Accreditation in
             | Occupational Hearing Conservation for starters.
             | 
             | Penn State, University of Hartford, Purdue University,
             | Michigan Technological University, University of Nebraska,
             | Morgan State Univeristy, and Brigham Young University
             | (among others) all have strong acoustics programs with
             | research in a bunch of areas.
        
         | Nevermark wrote:
         | That sounds terrible.
         | 
         | I am imagining some kind of vibration dampening layer under a
         | bed, with an acoustic foam shell around/over the bed.
         | 
         | Drastic measures might be worth trying.
        
           | todotask2 wrote:
           | That could be hard -- my building is vibrating as well. It
           | might be due to major underground train construction. The
           | authorities either couldn't pinpoint the source of the noise
           | or just claim they don't hear it.
        
       | compumike wrote:
       | Interesting! It could be a confounder as well. For example, maybe
       | people who live in dense (loud) urban dwellings also tend to have
       | more day-to-day life stress generally, leading to reduced sleep
       | quality. (Of course, reduced sleep quality could also be a source
       | of more life stress...)
       | 
       | Would your userbase be up for a little experiment: adding
       | white/pink/rainfall/etc noise at various volumes? I bet you'd see
       | an inverted U shaped curve, with sleep quality _increasing_ at
       | relatively low volume levels, and then hitting some maximum and
       | decreasing when it gets too loud! (Agree with other comments
       | about looking at intra-night variance in noise level.)
        
       | mancerayder wrote:
       | Incredibly, the noise insulation between floors and ESPECIALLY
       | walls in both hotels around the world and even expensive, modern
       | apartment buildings in Manhattan is absolutely atrocious. So I
       | end up booking Airbnb's when I travel and renting top floors
       | whenever I can.
       | 
       | I find the build quality of new buildings (again, even uber
       | luxury apartment condos) in the U.S. absolutely crap compared to
       | Europe (I'm thinking especially of France and Germany).
       | 
       | Over here on HN you have a strong contingent of people who push
       | pro-density, pro-city, and anti-car. But some people (like
       | myself) who suffer from a sensitive sleep are deeply affected and
       | consider moving to the woods away from people just for this
       | problem. I find the 'SLAM' sound of doors (in New York there's a
       | spring loading per building code), the stomp stomp of upstairs,
       | and the bass music of adjacent neighbors to be deeply disruptive
       | from a psychological perspective.
        
       | joquarky wrote:
       | While in the subject of noise, I'd like some research on the
       | effect of "popcorn" tuned car exhausts on the mental health of
       | people suffering from PTSD or are just generally sensitive.
        
       | dariosalvi78 wrote:
       | The worst is this a "fashion" of modifying vehicles, illegally,
       | to make them sound like airplanes. I live in Sweden and, believe
       | me, it is absolute hell on hearth.
        
       | 0xjunhao wrote:
       | FYI a literature review from a deep research AI ======
       | 
       | The effect of noise on sleep is multifaceted, involving various
       | types of noise exposure, physiological mechanisms, and
       | consequences on sleep quality and health.
       | 
       | I. Introduction Environmental and occupational noise refers to
       | unwanted or harmful sounds from sources such as traffic,
       | aircraft, railways, and workplaces. Noise pollution is a
       | significant public health issue due to its widespread prevalence
       | and impact on sleep and overall health.
       | 
       | II. Types of Noise Exposure
       | 
       | Environmental noise includes road traffic, aircraft, and railway
       | noise. Aircraft noise, for example, has been shown to negatively
       | affect sleep in children, whereas road traffic noise may have
       | less impact on autonomic activity during sleep [Effect of Noise
       | on Sleep and Autonomic Activity in Children]. Occupational noise
       | exposure also contributes to sleep disturbances and has been
       | linked to sleep loss and fragmentation [The effects of
       | occupational noise on sleep]. Intentional masking noise such as
       | white or pink noise is sometimes used as a sleep aid to improve
       | sleep quality in noisy environments [The effects of white noise
       | on sleep].
       | 
       | III. Physiological Mechanisms During sleep, the auditory system
       | continues to process sounds, and noise can lower arousal
       | thresholds, causing awakenings or micro-arousals. Noise exposure
       | activates the autonomic nervous system, increasing heart rate and
       | blood pressure, and stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
       | (HPA) axis, leading to hormonal and metabolic changes
       | [Environmental noise and sleep disturbances].
       | 
       | IV. Effects on Sleep Architecture Noise exposure reduces total
       | sleep time and sleep efficiency, increases sleep fragmentation,
       | and causes more frequent micro-arousals. It also alters sleep
       | stages by decreasing deep sleep (slow-wave sleep) and REM sleep,
       | which are critical for restorative sleep [Effects of
       | environmental noise on sleep].
       | 
       | V. Health and Daytime Consequences Poor sleep due to noise leads
       | to daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairments, and mood
       | disturbances. Chronic noise-related sleep disruption is
       | associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risks,
       | such as hypertension and glucose metabolism disturbances. It also
       | negatively affects quality of life and can contribute to burnout
       | [Environmental Noise and Effects on Sleep], [Effects of personal
       | noise exposure, sleep quality, and burnout].
       | 
       | VI. Vulnerable and Special Populations Children are particularly
       | sensitive to noise, with aircraft noise shown to disrupt their
       | sleep more than road traffic noise. Older adults and individuals
       | with pre-existing sleep disorders are also more vulnerable to
       | noise-induced sleep disturbances [Effect of Noise on Sleep and
       | Autonomic Activity in Children].
       | 
       | VII. Noise as a Sleep Aid Paradoxically, steady background noise
       | such as white or pink noise can improve sleep quality by masking
       | disruptive environmental sounds. Studies have shown that white
       | noise can significantly enhance subjective and objective sleep
       | measures in noisy urban settings. However, potential downsides
       | include hearing damage and psychological dependency on noise for
       | sleep [Noise as a sleep aid: A systematic review], [The effects
       | of white noise on sleep].
       | 
       | VIII. Mitigation and Future Directions Effective strategies to
       | mitigate noise effects on sleep include engineering controls like
       | soundproofing, use of earplugs, and regulatory noise limits.
       | Behavioral interventions and public health policies are also
       | important. Future research is needed to clarify long-term
       | effects, dose-response relationships, and to develop personalized
       | interventions [The Effect of Room Acoustics on the Sleep Quality
       | of Healthy Sleepers].
       | 
       | In summary, noise negatively impacts sleep by disrupting sleep
       | architecture and triggering physiological stress responses,
       | leading to adverse health outcomes. While some forms of noise can
       | aid sleep by masking disturbances, overall noise reduction
       | remains critical for improving sleep quality and health.
       | 
       | References
       | 
       | Environmental noise and sleep disturbances: A threat to health?
       | Demian Halperin et al. Sleep Science, 2014 Nov 15.
       | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4608916/ Poor sleep
       | causes measurable changes on these systems. Experimental studies
       | demonstrated that both sleep restriction and poor quality sleep
       | affect glucose ...
       | 
       | Effects of environmental noise on sleep Kenneth I Hume et al.
       | Noise & health, 2012. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257581/
       | This paper summarizes the findings from the past 3 year's
       | research on the effects of environmental noise on sleep and
       | identifies key future research goals.
       | 
       | The Effect of Room Acoustics on the Sleep Quality of Healthy
       | Sleepers Ingo Fietze et al. Noise & Health, 2016 Sep-Oct.
       | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5187651/ Noise is one of
       | the factors that can seriously disturb sleep, and sound volume is
       | an important factor in this context. One strategy involves
       | avoiding ...
       | 
       | Noise as a sleep aid: A systematic review Samantha M. Riedy et
       | al. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2021/02/01.
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S10870...
       | ... sleep aid, especially since it may also negatively affect
       | sleep and hearing. ... Suzuki et al. Sleep deepening effect of
       | steady pink noise. J Sound Vib. (1991).
       | 
       | Environmental Noise and Effects on Sleep: An Update to the WHO
       | Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Michael G Smith et al.
       | Environmental Health Perspectives, 2022 Jul 11.
       | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9272916/ Jul 11, 2022
       | ... To what extent have the following outcomes of railway noise
       | occurred in the past 12 months? Railway noise disturbs when
       | falling asleep. Not ...
       | 
       | Effects of personal noise exposure, sleep quality, and burnout on
       | quality of life: An online participation cohort study in Taiwan
       | Ta-Chien Chan et al. Science of The Total Environment,
       | 2024/03/10.
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972...
       | Mar 10, 2024 ... To our knowledge, this is the first study to
       | explore the pathways through which daily noise exposure, sleep
       | quality, and personal burnout affect ...
       | 
       | Effect of Noise on Sleep and Autonomic Activity in Children
       | according to Source
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476937/ Road
       | traffic noise did not significantly alter sleep or autonomic
       | activity in children, whereas aircraft noise exerted a negative
       | effect on sleep.
       | 
       | The effects of occupational noise on sleep: A systematic review
       | Saeid Yazdanirad et al. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2023/12/01.
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S10870...
       | One of the important effects due to noise exposure is sleep
       | loss/disturbance, which has received less attention. Sleep
       | disturbance is defined as problems with ...
       | 
       | The effects of white noise on sleep and duration in individuals
       | living in a high noise environment in New York City Matthew R
       | Ebben et al. Sleep medicine, 2021/7.
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34049045/ Our data show that
       | white noise significantly improved sleep based on subjective and
       | objective measurements in subjects complaining of difficulty
       | sleeping.
        
       | socalgal2 wrote:
       | I wish they'd make car alarms illegal. afaict they do nothing. no
       | one looks. It does not stop car theft or breakins. all it does
       | ruin everyone's sleep.
       | 
       | Especially in 2025, if you want to know if your car is being
       | whatever triggers an alarm then have it send you a message that
       | only bothers you and not several hundred other people.
       | 
       | There is your new startup idea for ycombinator. car alarm app
       | with optional $$$ track down service :p
        
       | pedalpete wrote:
       | I didn't see a link to the paper, so can only assume they were
       | introducing new noises at randomized decibel levels to study
       | participants.
       | 
       | My start-up uses sound to enhance sleep's restorative function.
       | So blankly saying "noise at decibel level x disrupts sleep" is
       | not true.
       | 
       | Over the last 10 years, research has shown that precisely timed
       | micro-auditory stimulations increase slow-wave activity, and
       | accompanying biomarkers of health. There are now more than 50
       | published peer-reviewed papers regarding this phenomenon. We link
       | to some of these on our website https://affectablesleep.com
       | 
       | Environmental noise is different than precise stimulation based
       | noise, but most of us have an adaptation level to environmental
       | noise.
       | 
       | I remember when I first moved to Chile having dinner with an
       | Argentinian and an Indian, and the Argentinian said the streets
       | in Santiago were so loud it was important to get an apartment on
       | a higher floor. The Indian guy looked around and was like "what
       | noise"? To him, Santiago was a peaceful and quiet environment.
        
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