[HN Gopher] Puerto Rico's Solar Microgrids Beat Blackout
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Puerto Rico's Solar Microgrids Beat Blackout
        
       Author : ohjeez
       Score  : 331 points
       Date   : 2025-06-25 23:41 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | amoshebb wrote:
       | I love solar, but this "those who can afford microgrids can
       | shield themselves from blackouts" paired with net metering where
       | "the wealthy get paid a premium for excess generation and can buy
       | expensive high-demand power back at a discount" probably aren't
       | steps on the path to improved grid resiliency for any definition
       | other than this weird "no island-wide outages" definition.
        
         | rstupek wrote:
         | The alternative way to look at it is that early adopters get
         | the volume up such that the price comes down to where more
         | people can afford it?
        
           | ta988 wrote:
           | This doesn't solve the issue of either storage or continous
           | (and controllable) supply.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Solar output is also proportionate to area of sunlight
           | projection. This means the theoretical capacity available to
           | you is proportionate to real estate, area of planetary
           | surface, under your ownership.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | And the area you own is theoretical proportionate to your
             | avaibale money.
             | 
             | So yes, rich people can obviously have more of it all, like
             | with everything else that money can buy. But is this really
             | a point worth going in deeper here?
             | 
             | I see the point as in "solar power plus battery is good",
             | creates resillence, please more of it.
             | 
             | Unfair distribution of wealth is a different problem.
             | 
             | And here concreteley the article lacks for me details, what
             | exactly the work on the grid means, if it is really about
             | fossils vs solar, but microgrids that can connect to each
             | other sounds like a pragmatic solution to me.
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | > Unfair distribution of wealth is a different problem
               | 
               | Unfortunately, all problems are eventually going to come
               | down to this. Or many problems are, if not "all"
               | 
               | We can't fix a lot of the problems facing our society and
               | our planet with "only wealthy can afford this" solutions
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "We can't fix a lot of the problems facing our society
               | and our planet with "only wealthy can afford this"
               | solutions"
               | 
               | And I think, we can't fix a lot of _technical_ problems
               | if we make everything about money distribution.
               | 
               | Besides, solar plus battery became really cheap. And get
               | cheaper every day.
               | 
               | And this work to connect such microgrids is potentially
               | beneficial for poor areas all around the world.
               | 
               | But no, it doesn't solve the issue of extreme poverty,
               | but why would it?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Microgrids at that size are the most expensive way to get
               | resilience. If they're pragmatic for many people then
               | something has failed and we should work to fix it.
               | 
               | Bigger ones have a better tradeoffs, so I'm not so harsh
               | on towns having their own grids. Still unsure whether
               | it's a good use of funds.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | It's not just redistribution, land is an already heavily
               | overcommitted resource on Earth. China, for example,
               | holds basically same amount of land as US, for its 4x
               | population, and they house the people in things like
               | dozens per each clusters of 50-story condominiums.
               | 
               | In places like that - that but not necessarily
               | specifically China or Asia, local proprietors would head
               | to forested mountains unfit for residences, and actively
               | desertify it to put on PVs to collect incentives, if
               | incentivized. The cost is externalized and paid
               | collectively in such forms as raised atmospheric CO2
               | levels and micro disasters like mountain landslides.
               | 
               | Resilient solar-battery off/micro-grid is great if you
               | live "by yourself" in relative sense and doing so would
               | allow removal of electrical transmission lines with own
               | costs and externalities, but it's far from panacea, if
               | not opposite - it's a specific and somewhat radical
               | solution to specific problems.
               | 
               | Now, as to whether such dystopian Bladerunner cities on
               | Earth that has to rely on fission/fusion should exist in
               | real life, it's probably deeply wrong that they do. But
               | we're not cutting down Earth's population by 90% to fix
               | that, and wealth redistribution is a minor part of the
               | reason it would be wrong.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "local proprietors would head to forested mountains unfit
               | for residences, and actively desertify it to put on PVs
               | to collect incentives, if incentivized."
               | 
               | Can you give me one example, where PVs contributed to
               | desertification?
               | 
               | Usually it is the contrary, in the shade of the PVs, more
               | can grow than in direct burning sunlight.
               | 
               | And there are plenty of non forest land, or literal
               | dessert land tp put PV there and if forest gets cut, than
               | for other reasons than PV. And china is actually quite
               | active in combating desertification with green belts and
               | recently, PVs.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | https://coloradomtn.edu/news/cmc-news/new-solar-array-
               | and-ba...
               | 
               | https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-tech/mountaintop-solar-
               | farm...
               | 
               | www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/photo/birds-eye-view-of-the-
               | solar-power-plant-and-lush-royalty-free-image/1338844539
               | 
               | www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/photo/aerial-view-of-solar-
               | power-station-royalty-free-image/1045649830
               | 
               | https://www.ecoportal.net/en/carpeting-mountains-with-
               | solar-...
               | 
               | Just go look at it if you were looking for shocking
               | images. Notice how suspiciously flat patches appear in
               | the mountains just for the PVs and notice how panels
               | often seem recessed below top of existing trees. The
               | process of solar farm construction in such areas begins
               | by clearing out existing life. That's how it's done. It
               | doesn't go like, you just pick a dead land on map and
               | giving out a free nice shed for local scorpions.
               | 
               | I mean, look at even East Coast of the US on Google Maps.
               | Pick any areas just off a city and zoom in. There would
               | be towns, farmlands, forests, mountains, or combinations
               | thereof. If you do the same in the West Coast, you are
               | more likely to hit such suitable flats that can host mega
               | electricity farms and benefit from it, sure, but that's
               | not even universally American thing.
               | 
               | Then you'd ask, can't those deserts like Gobi or Sahara
               | or whatever provide enough land for PVs and PVs be good
               | for those? Maybe, but that's terraforming scale of
               | projects. Not microgrids.
               | 
               | It's not like skyscraper residential buildings exist
               | solely because it's convenient to confine workers near
               | factory sites or because the laborers own nothing - it
               | starts appearing when it becomes impossible to simply
               | distribute immediately available lands and land had
               | become a contested resource. Think why they don't just
               | expand cities outward or build new city cores. They don't
               | because those buildings are solution to that becoming
               | impossible. And with that, think again why they just go
               | out and build those microgrids in cheap unused flat areas
               | outside the city. Because there is no cheap unused flat
               | areas outside the city.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Solar panels are already so cheap that household solar is
           | mostly about the installation price.
           | 
           | And more people affording their own panels is still a lot
           | more expensive than fixing the grid.
        
             | closewith wrote:
             | But batteries aren't, and batteries are both the key
             | technology for load shifting and the biggest expense in
             | modern installations.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | 5kWh of batteries is under $1000. That's enough for load
               | shifting for most people. Even if you need several of
               | them, that's still going to be cheaper than installation
               | labor.
        
               | eldaisfish wrote:
               | where are you buying 5 kWH of batteries for under $
               | 1,000? The typical 5 kWh battery in Canada is C$ 3,000 -
               | 4,000.
        
               | the_pwner224 wrote:
               | https://signaturesolar.com/all-
               | products/batteries/?_bc_fsnf=...
               | 
               | Server rack style, 1200 USD for 4.8 kWh = $250/kWh. Wall-
               | mount, 14.3 kWh for $3.3k = $231/kWh.
               | 
               | These guys seem to be the biggest DIY solar equipment
               | supplier in the US.
               | 
               | Afaik you can get batteries from China (AliExpress) for
               | quite a bit cheaper too.
        
         | layoric wrote:
         | Agreed. From first hand experience, even for regulated
         | electricity markets, games get played to maximize profit per
         | power generated that are directly making stability worse.
         | Fixing these loop holes is hard for the regulator since they
         | are instructed to encourage both increased renewable
         | penetration and stability, despite traders/operators/producers
         | not acting in good faith and just gaming whatever they can.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | A healthy regulated will encourage maximizing profit for
           | power and bring in competition which drives the cost down
           | until energy is a commodity and the cost of electricity is
           | actually based on the price of production and a small profit
           | based on the cost of capital. Any situations that cause price
           | spikes result in investment to harvest the difference.
           | 
           | The fact that you can add to the grid by installing solar and
           | battery and connect to the grid in a single afternoon makes
           | it pretty easy these days to have an elastic market that
           | grows until you hit the limit of decentralized production vs.
           | existing transmission architecture... but with the right
           | equipment you can have community sized islands that can be
           | much more immune to instability.
        
         | mcbishop wrote:
         | Net metering is gone in most of California (for new solar). I
         | think it's going away in general. Distributed solar supports a
         | more stable grid for everyone (per UL 1741-SB requirements).
        
           | amoshebb wrote:
           | the article is about Puerto Rico, not California, and
           | specifically mentions net metering.
        
             | matthewdgreen wrote:
             | I think the poster's point is that net metering is a tool
             | to promote early adoption of solar, and (in at least one
             | prominent example) when solar penetration becomes high
             | enough for it to impact grid stability, larger grids have
             | removed net metering. So to address GP poster's point: net
             | metering affecting grid stability in a substantial way is
             | more a theoretical concern that's already been addressed in
             | one of the locations where it stopped being theoretical.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | It depends on the terms of the net metering.
         | 
         | If it's the ancient practice of crediting on a one for one
         | basis, yeah that doesn't help. (A look around says that's
         | probably where PR is now). If they credit power delivered to
         | the grid based on conditions when it was delivered, then that
         | might help. With appropriate controls, storage can increase
         | grid stability. It would probably be more cost effective to do
         | utility scale storage projects, but project management is
         | difficult in PR; letting those with personal capital hook up
         | solar+batteries and send some of that onto the grid when demand
         | is high seems useful?
        
         | floatrock wrote:
         | What's the alternative? Equity is important, sure, but to swing
         | all the way towards "only a centralized grid should be allowed
         | in order to make sure all have the same level access" is a
         | head-in-the-sands approach that ignores realities such as how
         | the centralized grid out there has metastasized into a non-
         | functional bureaucratic blame-shifting machine (at least
         | measured by the increasing frequency of outages). A centralized
         | grid also never actually delivers true equitable access.
         | 
         | One alternative is decentralization, and the article talks
         | about that:
         | 
         | > The town's local environmental nonprofit Casa Pueblo teamed
         | up with researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak
         | Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tenn., to develop a way
         | to connect multiple microgrids to exchange power with one
         | another, all without having to be hooked up to Puerto Rico's
         | grid. The strategy, called grid orchestration, ensures that if
         | power is knocked out on one of the installations, the others
         | aren't compromised.
         | 
         | Is it the wealthy that are doing that? Maybe? Probably? But
         | isn't that how any R&D technology investment starts?
         | 
         | It's also involving a government-funded lab to re-envision how
         | these systems could work to achieve resiliency through
         | coordinated decentralization. And if there's any truth to
         | trickle-down economics, it would have to be in something that
         | allows for a decentralized approach accessible to many, not a
         | centralized approach that only rewards r > g accumulation.
         | Sounds like a good use of government research funding to me.
        
       | dotancohen wrote:
       | From what I understand, most homes that are connected to both
       | solar and the grid require the grid to be active to produce
       | solar. This is for two reasons. One, not to endanger lineman
       | working on the grid. And two, the solar AC cycle must be
       | synchronized with the grid AC cycle.
       | 
       | Are these homes not also connected to the grid? Or is there some
       | technology that addresses these two issues that are in use in
       | Puerto Rico?
        
         | slipheen wrote:
         | If you use a string inverter not a emphase style microinverter,
         | most of them are capable of running without the grid-
         | Particularly if you add any sort of battery system.
         | 
         | These use a form of transfer switch like you'd use when you
         | connect a generator- they disconnect the upstream.
        
           | mcbishop wrote:
           | You can run sans grid with Enphase (with their "system
           | controller").
        
         | zie wrote:
         | This is true, but if you add in local batteries attached to the
         | solar, you can have a device that works in basically all
         | situations. If disconnected from the grid, it can run off
         | battery instead of just not working.
         | 
         | I haven't read the OP link yet, but my guess is they are doing
         | something like this: Grid, Solar and batteries.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | "Grid, Solar and batteries."
           | 
           | They are doing microgrids, that connect to each other.
        
             | zie wrote:
             | Aka a grid. Sure, this is a newer version of the grid, that
             | allows local failover, but it's just a grid.
             | 
             | Maybe we can upgrade the other grids to do this too. That
             | would be fabulous.
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | It's just a coordination problem.
         | 
         | You are also sort of conflating "loss of interconnect" with
         | "outage'.
        
         | ethan_smith wrote:
         | Microgrids use specialized inverters with islanding capability
         | and automatic transfer switches that disconnect from the main
         | grid during outages, allowing them to operate independently
         | while maintaining their own frequency regulation.
        
         | pmontra wrote:
         | If your home is isolated from the grid you don't have to worry
         | about syncing your 50/60 Hz. A UPS during a blackout is an
         | example. I experienced it myself.
         | 
         | I have no idea about the hurdles of keeping in sync many
         | batteries in many homes connected together. This is not even
         | something I thought about before the news of the blackout in
         | Spain months ago.
        
           | fencepost wrote:
           | Keeping in sync isn't as much of a problem as you might
           | think, it simply requires that everything able to feed into
           | the grid has to accept the grid as authoritative for syncing.
           | 
           | Relevant are some of Chris Boden's videos about bringing up a
           | hydro power plant and his comment that you have to be in sync
           | with the grid when you actually connect because the turbine
           | _WILL_ sync to the grid at connection and if it was incorrect
           | before then there will be a lot of loud angry noises from the
           | equipment. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGQxSJmadm0
        
         | paranoidrobot wrote:
         | I think you're looking for the term "islanding".
         | 
         | It's becoming more and more common for PV systems with a
         | battery system to be able to work in an islanded mode, and more
         | importantly - they're legal and code compliant to do so.
         | 
         | When the grid goes down/out of spec, they disconnect the home
         | from the grid and continue to power locally.
         | 
         | Examples of this include Tesla and Sigenergy.
         | 
         | Some are able to do this in very short periods and able to
         | operate effectively as a whole-house UPS. Some will have a
         | flickr of the lights and maybe some sensitive devices will
         | restart. Others will take some period of time to disconnect
         | from the grid and run in islanded mode.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | For general interest, Western Australia's State Power company
           | has a variety of battery application cases that it assists
           | with; home batteries, community batteries, fully stand alone,
           | microgrids (with batteries).
           | 
           | https://www.westernpower.com.au/resources-
           | education/consumer...
           | 
           | https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/energy-policy-wa/wa-
           | resid...
           | 
           | West and South Australia are a fair way down the integrated
           | renewables pathway with a high percentage of household
           | rooftop solar, mixed rural PV farms, wind power, battery
           | farms, etc.
        
       | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
       | Is this more of a battery cost issue - if you owned a battery
       | that charged off the grid and discharged during blackout periods
       | then that might just about cover you if you budget for the
       | expected outage duration.... And assuming you can afford said
       | battery in the first place.
        
         | ema wrote:
         | Depends on the length of the blackouts, if it's more than a day
         | then solar panels will allow you to lower the amount of
         | batteries you get.
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | > if you owned a battery that charged off the grid and
         | discharged during blackout periods
         | 
         | This wouldn't work. The reason isolated units can inject
         | electricity back into the grid without issue is that they can
         | observe frequency. If a blackout occurs, this information is
         | gone. You need to perform a black start, which can't be done by
         | isolated, uncoordinated equipments.
        
           | magicalhippo wrote:
           | Pretty sure GP was talking about a UPS, not feeding the grid.
        
           | 1dom wrote:
           | I don't think that applies for microgrids, or at least, it's
           | not really an issue in my case.
           | 
           | I know what you're talking about though: I think that more
           | applies to generators that are operating with megawatts and
           | take time for turbines to spin up and stuff. Microgrids are
           | normally instantaneous battery buffered type things. They can
           | instantly deliver power at the frequency range mandated for
           | the national grid.
        
           | philjohn wrote:
           | What you actually need is islanding equipment which
           | discharges the battery for local use only, but cuts off (or
           | islands you from) your main incoming power connection.
           | 
           | Many of the PV systems you can buy from the big players
           | (SolarEdge, Tesla and more) support this, often calling it
           | "whole home backup".
           | 
           | Same principle as having a generator with an interlock.
        
         | mattmaroon wrote:
         | The problem is the blackouts can go for lengths of time that
         | would require impractically large battery installs. You can
         | powerwall your way around a grid that frequently goes down for
         | a few hours to a day, but one that may go down for days to
         | months you are practically forced into some form of generation
         | (solar or otherwise).
         | 
         | Batteries keep getting cheaper but are unlikely to get to where
         | it's more affordable to store a month's worth of electricity
         | than just buying some generation.
        
       | chilldsgn wrote:
       | I don't know much about electrical grids, but I'm wondering if
       | something like this concept could help South Africa with its
       | endlessly struggling electrical grid problems. My city constantly
       | has power outages and the majority of people cannot afford
       | installing solar into their homes.
        
         | happymellon wrote:
         | From what I understand, South Africa's electrical problems have
         | been long term political.
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | That's the case everywhere in the world, it's not a tech
           | issue. The tech exists.
        
             | nbadg wrote:
             | The technology certainly exists, though some of it is
             | pretty new and not all of it is mature or commoditized
             | (particularly in the context of high levels of penetration
             | of variable renewables on the grid).
             | 
             | That being said, politics aren't the only reason why it
             | might not be deployed. Capitalization issues, for one, are
             | also common. Additionally, you have to make a judgement
             | call about what you consider included in "politics" -- for
             | example, does corruption count?
        
             | happymellon wrote:
             | Not always, sometimes its logistics, sometimes outside
             | forces which create time pressures.
             | 
             | Not everything can be solved by money, sometimes its a
             | mythical man month/9 women can't produce a baby in 1 month
             | issue.
             | 
             | However in this scenario, its pure neglect which is causing
             | power issues.
        
               | AdamN wrote:
               | In this case though, high reliability electricity
               | delivery is very doable. Many countries achieve 3 9s or
               | higher. Sure there are the issues like the recent
               | Spain/Portugal blackout but even that has some political
               | roots.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | Renewables solve logistics problems.
               | 
               | Running a fossil fuel grid requires a bunch of logistics
               | to source, refine, and deliver the fuel. In addition to
               | general equipment upkeep.
               | 
               | Renewables only require equipment upkeep.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Most of those problems are politically motivated. You
               | know how fast towns tend to grow. Someone new the grid
               | was going to need upgrades. Someone else decided it would
               | be better spent on something else. That's politics.
               | 
               | And if a town grows surprisingly fast, that may also be
               | politics. Even geopolitics (eg, refugees).
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | It's a corruption issue where certain people use it as a
             | personal bank. Lots of deferred maintenance, no build out,
             | but lots of greed -not just a little.
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | The political system there clearly allows for high levels
               | of corruption.
        
         | chithanh wrote:
         | It is not necessary for the majority to install solar.
         | 
         | Pakistan had similar problems with rolling blackouts, and mass
         | import of photovoltaic equipment and batteries from China has
         | reduced the load on the grid so that outages no longer occur
         | frequently. In fact the demand has shrunk so much that it
         | jeopardizes financing of coal power companies.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43620309
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > In fact the demand has shrunk so much that it jeopardizes
           | financing of coal power companies.
           | 
           | That is something that I think would be the impetus needed to
           | motivate reduction in coal power plants. If they become
           | unprofitable to operate, then will the market finally decide
           | to stop using them? Sadly, I could see the current US
           | administration deciding to offer subsidies to keep coal.
        
             | chithanh wrote:
             | Yes, it is happening already (both the pivot away from
             | unprofitable non-renewable energy, and US government
             | intervention to tax imports of photovoltaics).
             | 
             | Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCE) from PV is below the
             | fossil fuel range since 2020, and since 2024 it is also
             | below if you include battery storage, which you need to
             | turn solar into near constant energy supply.
             | 
             | https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Sep/Renewable-
             | Power-...
             | 
             | https://electrek.co/2025/06/20/batteries-are-so-cheap-now-
             | so...
        
         | miningape wrote:
         | Eskom is already trying to take people to court over "non-
         | compliant" solar panel installations [1]. I wouldn't hold my
         | breath. Like most things in ANC South Africa this is a
         | political issue where Eskom wants to get their cut for
         | providing a non-existent service - and then funnel that money
         | back to their friends and family for their non-existent
         | services.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ecr.co.za/shows/stacey-jsbu/eskom-cracks-down-
         | no...
        
           | throw83838484 wrote:
           | More likely it is local goverment. Theymake a profit on
           | reselling cheap energy provided by Eskom.
        
         | PicassoCTs wrote:
         | They tried that - especially companies like BMW - and they got
         | no permits, because the state run power company wants money for
         | providing nothing.
         | 
         | The problem is also that thieves steal the copper cables, even
         | for micro-grids. You can not tech your way out of
         | social/cultural problems.
         | 
         | Socialist cultural rot is real and the only way out is to
         | eradicate cultures that encourage that mindset. All the
         | ingredients are there- but the people are still set on telling
         | themselves that robin hood story that destroys everything.
        
           | soco wrote:
           | Could you please explain the "socialist cultural rot" and the
           | "eradicate cultures"? You might mean something totally
           | sensible but this wording is quite triggering to me.
        
             | PicassoCTs wrote:
             | Everywhere socialist movements like the ANC take hold-
             | there sets in a "im going to extract as much as i can from
             | the state as he extracts from me - while giving him
             | nothing" mindset. Its prevalent in the older generations in
             | the eastern european block countries, china - its almost
             | universal where the socialist experiment was run. The
             | idealized society does not mesh and work with human nature
             | at all, in fact it brings out the worst.
             | 
             | The old people of china, still steal paper towels on public
             | toilets, because "take it all, while its there, before its
             | gone" is the mindset encouraged. They brought you the
             | tourists-"buffet rush"-genre of videos on youtube.
             | 
             | Of course this leads to dysfunction and misery- which then
             | leads to conspiracy - of "they took it". Its ultimately
             | another version of low-thrust society unable to function.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-trust_and_low-
             | trust_socie...
             | 
             | A ugly side-effect that lingers for decades. Re-
             | distribution and retribution, do not increase the size of
             | the cake. Hard work rewarded does!
        
               | soco wrote:
               | Ok, this makes sense. I would only add the low-trust
               | society evolving in the west, including the US, which is
               | definitely not caused by socialism. Maybe it's just the
               | way we (all) fall?
        
               | miningape wrote:
               | > which is definitely not caused by socialism
               | 
               | Currently, in western countries, socialist policies to
               | import the 3rd world and open borders are directly
               | responsible for the lowering social trust.
               | 
               | > "immigrant rights are workers rights" is not mere
               | rhetoric, and that the defense of migrants and refugees -
               | the vast majority of whom are poor workers - is pivotal
               | to the struggle of the entire global working class
               | regardless of national origin. [1]
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://sfarchive.dsausa.org/issues/fall-2019/editorial-
               | note...
        
               | supplied_demand wrote:
               | == Currently, in western countries, socialist policies to
               | import the 3rd world and open borders are directly
               | responsible for the lowering social trust.==
               | 
               | I don't know of any western country with an "open
               | borders" policy, can you provide one? Is there a part of
               | the US's 250 year history where we weren't bringing in
               | immigrants from poorer countries to provide cheap labor?
        
               | miningape wrote:
               | For very specific examples you can look towards the EU's
               | decades long stance on immigration which resulted in the
               | refugee crisis since (and before) 2015, as well as
               | countless integration and immigration issues (cf Sweden,
               | France, Italy, etc.).
               | 
               | The socialist and left wing coalition have consistently
               | voted against measures to improve border security and
               | tighten the restrictions for people wanting to enter [1].
               | As people have become increasingly frustrated with these
               | policies they've increasingly voted in right wing and
               | conservative parties (in comparison to the ruling
               | parties) [2].
               | 
               | We can also look towards the UK where socialist politics
               | have been a mainstay since the 90s, to the point where
               | now the Prime Minister (Kier Starmer, Labour) is a self-
               | proclaimed socialist [3]. This is of course directly tied
               | to the waves of mass migration under Tony Blair (Labour)
               | which also resulted in the Socialist Party splitting from
               | Labour because he wasn't "radical enough" [4].
               | 
               | [1] https://theconversation.com/what-are-the-eus-new-
               | migration-r...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.brookings.edu/articles/understanding-
               | europes-tur...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.vice.com/en/article/keir-starmer-i-still-
               | see-mys...
               | 
               | [4] https://www.socialistparty.org.uk/articles/94799/27-0
               | 4-2022/...
        
               | Loudergood wrote:
               | The refugee crises are largely "Push" driven not "Pull"
               | driven.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | ...and the "push" was caused by alliances of western
               | countries destabilizing the migrants' home countries.
        
               | anonfordays wrote:
               | That "push" is pressure, and Western leftists opened the
               | valve wide open to allow all the flow into the West.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | > Is there a part of the US's 250 year history where we
               | weren't bringing in immigrants from poorer countries to
               | provide cheap labor?
               | 
               | Pretty sure they're referring to a de facto open border
               | policy, where you basically permit all sorts of illegal
               | immigration and don't really enforce the laws. Accepting
               | immigrants at Ellis island was not illegal immigration,
               | for instance, but crossings at the southern border often
               | have been.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | The West is slipping because the rich privatize the
               | profits and socialize the costs. It's the worst of both
               | models.
               | 
               | The USA thrived when free markets and value creation were
               | encouraged yet heavily regulated. That way the benefits
               | _and_ costs didn 't become too concentrated
        
               | miningape wrote:
               | I just want to add on to your reply to justify why it's
               | correct to call the ANC a socialist party that is causing
               | the cultural and economic collapse of South Africa.
               | 
               | You could look towards their policies inspired by
               | socialist thought a.k.a. "social justice" (BEE and
               | expropriation). These policies are actively harmful to
               | development while also turning off any potential
               | investors, and are deeply rooted in socialist ideology.
               | 
               | You can look towards their roots being funded and
               | directly aided by the Soviets, China, Cuba, and several
               | others. Especially their military (terrorist) and
               | propaganda training which was heavily influenced by
               | Soviet foreign policy.
               | 
               | You can look towards their re-alignment of the country's
               | economic and foreign policy to engage with the 2nd world,
               | while turning off 1st world investors. This has given us
               | strong economic ties with Russia, China, and Iran. While
               | most of these relationships are useless, the Chinese
               | relationship has been especially damaging to the
               | development, maintenance, and sovereignty of our national
               | physical infrastructure.
               | 
               | But the most damning evidence is the insane socialist
               | parties that have spawned out of the fracturing of the
               | ANC such as the MK and EFF parties (both militant
               | socialist parties, formed by ex ANC leaders). While their
               | socialist rhetoric had to be contained while apart of the
               | ANC (so as to not further turn off investors), the ANC's
               | weakening grip has allowed these nutjobs to become
               | serious contenders in the political race. If you were
               | wondering what the "kill the boer" chants were about they
               | were at political rallies held by the EFF (Julius Malema)
               | - part of the EFF's kit is a red beret (I wonder where
               | they got that from?).
               | 
               | Voetsek to any champagne socialist that wants to ruin yet
               | another country because it makes them feel good to
               | support people and ideologies they do not understand.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | > Voetsek to any champagne socialist that wants to ruin
               | yet another country
               | 
               | I take it you don't consider the country to have veen
               | ruined under apartheid - aka socialism for whites,
               | rugged-capitalism for everyone else.
        
               | miningape wrote:
               | Care to explain how an ethno-nationalist government
               | implemented socialism?
               | 
               | > I take it you don't consider the country to have veen
               | ruined under apartheid
               | 
               | Wether or not I consider the country to have been ruined
               | under apartheid is irrelevant to the fact that the ANC is
               | dragging it back to the stone age.
               | 
               | The ANC was handed a functioning economy, solid
               | infrastructure, and hope for a better future - there are
               | now rolling blackouts across the country, soaring
               | unemployment, and a birth rate higher than the GDP growth
               | rate. And that hope for a better future? All but gone -
               | There are more race based laws _today_ than there were
               | under apartheid.
               | 
               | I'm glad apartheid ended 30 years ago, I'm not glad with
               | the direction we're going now. These are not the same
               | thing - you trying to portray it as such says more about
               | your views than it does mine.
        
               | telllikeitisguy wrote:
               | Your responses are filled with non-specific references to
               | online memes that suggest that you don't actually
               | understand the problem in any deep sense (i.e you just
               | have a gripe). I'm not going to defend ANCs policy
               | decisions, but you can just point to specific decisions
               | they made and the resulting outcome. You can't just
               | handwave and repeat socialism/capitalism/Trotskyites like
               | some mantra and expect everyone to take you seriously.
        
               | miningape wrote:
               | Not sure exactly which part of my response repeated
               | socialism/capitalism/Trotskyites? And I gave 4 specific
               | outcomes which are easily tied to ANC policy decisions
               | given they've ruled the country for the last 30 years
               | (blackouts, unemployment, birthrate > GDP growth, number
               | of race based laws).
               | 
               | I'll grant you "dragging us back to the stone age" is an
               | obvious meme.
               | 
               | Did you even read my comment?
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | > Care to explain how an ethno-nationalist government
               | implemented socialism?
               | 
               | By using the state treasury to provide disproportionate
               | infrastructure and services to the ruling ethic minority,
               | while leaving the bantustans - with no say in national
               | politics or budget - to largely fend for themselves. This
               | incidentally has similarities to the US/Puerto Rico
               | dynamic.
               | 
               | All the things you complain about can be explained by
               | regression to mean[1], which the not even the apartheid
               | government would have been able to prevent had they
               | decided to adopt an egalitarian governance model.
               | 
               | edit: I didn't even get into how the "ethno-nationalist
               | government" seized the means of production for the
               | express benefit of a specific ethno.
               | 
               | 1. I fully expect that the per-capita X (for any X you're
               | claiming is worse) has actually improved for South
               | Africans - _all_ South Africans - between 1990 and now.
        
               | miningape wrote:
               | > State capacity has collapsed across many government
               | functions that are essential for a functioning economy.
               | Critical network industries, including electricity,
               | transport infrastructure and services, security, and
               | water and sanitation have experienced major
               | deteriorations over the last 15 years [1]
               | 
               | > While the racial composition of wealth at the top has
               | changed, wealth concentration in South Africa has not and
               | remains very high. [1]
               | 
               | > while the standard of living has increased for a
               | minority of formerly disadvantaged South Africans and a
               | small black middle class has emerged, there are still
               | huge disparities in both material and subjective well-
               | being [2]
               | 
               | > In 2010, the majority of citizens still hoped for basic
               | necessities, income and employment, to enhance their
               | quality of life. [2]
               | 
               | So no, there is no mean reversion caused by a broader
               | sharing of (the same set of) resources - in fact the
               | policies leading to worsening infrastructure and economic
               | disproportionally negatively impact the poor, black
               | population [3]
               | 
               | The examples I've given (blackouts, unemployment, etc.)
               | are governance and capacity failures above and beyond any
               | "regression to the mean" effect.
               | 
               | [1] https://conversableeconomist.com/2023/11/20/south-
               | africas-ec... [2] https://link.springer.com/article/10.10
               | 07/s11205-012-0120-y [3]
               | https://qz.com/africa/1435910/blackouts-in-africa-affect-
               | the...
        
               | vladms wrote:
               | I am sure a capitalist system will NOT work great for a
               | tribe of hunter gatherers!
               | 
               | The problem is not the socialist type of ideas, it is
               | whom you are applying them to and at what point. The
               | society must have certain complexity, capabilities and
               | resources to be successful "socialist".
               | 
               | Going from feudalism to socialism was shown repeatedly
               | not to work (ex: Russia, China). The countries that are
               | currently more socialist and successful were not
               | primarily feudal when they applied the socialist ideas.
               | Also, there are huge differences in what is called
               | "socialism"...
               | 
               | Even in the USA, capitalist came with "socialist ideas",
               | like Henry Ford that said that one more free day will
               | boost his overall sales, but the moment was right. I
               | think he could not have done the same 100 years before.
        
           | kashunstva wrote:
           | > eradicate cultures
           | 
           | Political movements that have sought to "eradicate cultures"
           | have generally gone pretty poorly in history.
           | 
           | I read the clarifications downstream; and I gather that the
           | intent here is not as malicious as it sounds. That said, I
           | don't see how the mindset of "I'm going to maximize my
           | extraction from the system." is substantively different from
           | "I'm going to minimize my input into the system." The net
           | effect is similar. For example, the current U.S. president
           | paid no taxes for years through various dodges, a fact about
           | which he boasted and which he defended. But without a doubt
           | he is extracting disproportionate benefits.
           | 
           | Undoubtedly corruption is rampant in the systems you refer
           | to; but all of these things exist in democratic free-market
           | economies as well.
        
             | PicassoCTs wrote:
             | Islamism has eradicated basically every other culture in
             | the middle east. Western market capitalism has supplanted a
             | ton of cultures in east asia. If its toxic and
             | dysfunctional it has to go, or your country deteriorates
             | into another Zimbabwe or Russia.
             | 
             | PS: There are a ton of versions of working culture out
             | there, that are not western. Pick one and run with it. But
             | picking a repeatedly failing one is a sentence for decay
             | and destruction.
        
         | philipallstar wrote:
         | South Africa's problem is the ANC stopped Eskom building what
         | it needed with foreseen growth when they came into power in the
         | 90s. They wanted to introduce competition into the generation
         | market.
         | 
         | They didn't introduce competition, as you might expect from a
         | hyper-incompetent government, and just let the issue languish,
         | and South Africa now just doesn't have enough power plants to
         | serve its population when it takes one offline for scheduled
         | maintenance.
         | 
         | But at least a lot more people got to buy Audis with the freed-
         | up money sloshing around.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | In cases where transmission lines are hitting capacity
         | particularly on hot days, this is a place where batteries can
         | help. Peak shaving is can't help you with grids that are
         | oversubscribed for more than a few hours a day but they can
         | help load shift for part of the day. The batteries can still
         | have value for emissions reductions if and when you finally get
         | right of ways for more power distribution.
        
       | danans wrote:
       | Based on what I see in the photo in the article, PV array codes
       | in Puerto Rico must be quite different from those in California,
       | because the arrays seem to cover almost the entirety of the
       | roofs. In California fire access codes [1] prevent the entire
       | roof from being covered like in PV that.
       | 
       | 1. https://energycodeace.com/site/custom/public/reference-
       | ace-2...
        
         | heliodor wrote:
         | The vast majority of roofs in Puerto Rico are flat and the vast
         | majority of buildings are made of cinder blocks and concrete.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | Likely because they have building codes that prevent the
         | construction of houses from matchsticks.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | It has nothing to do with construction and everything to do
           | with rainfall.
           | 
           | I can throw a lit road flare into my back yard and nothing
           | will happen, because I don't live in a glorified desert. PR
           | is an order of magnitude wetter than where I live.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | What's the rationale for that? It's not a rule in the UK. I'm
         | not sure who's going to be walking on the roof of a building
         | that's on fire.
        
           | KaiserPro wrote:
           | looking at the linked doc, its so that the roof can easily be
           | opened to let smoke out.
           | 
           | I'm not an expert, but I've not seen in the UK (well apart
           | from thatched roofs) firefighters opening the roof to get
           | access.
        
       | pythonbase wrote:
       | Solar power is working wonders for rural and urban Pakistan. In
       | fact, we became the largest importer of solar panels.
        
         | jahnu wrote:
         | I learned about it on this episode of Volts
         | 
         | Fascinating consequences
         | 
         | https://www.volts.wtf/p/pakistans-solar-boom
        
         | subscribed wrote:
         | This is actually fantastic news. I wonder if you're also
         | utilising their secondary purpose (shading and improving
         | microclimat https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/p
         | ii/S00489...)
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | India has had good luck building solar panels over irrigation
         | canals. The shade substantially reduces the evaporation losses
         | in the canal system. The framing is a bit tricky of course.
        
           | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
           | California announced they were going to do the same.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Yeah the channelized sections of the Colorado would be a
             | good candidate as well, though I personally believe the
             | bigger solution is reintroducing beavers into the upper
             | water shed, to increase total average flow.
        
               | sand500 wrote:
               | How do beavers increase total water flow? I can see them
               | causing more water to be held upstream.
        
       | m4r1k wrote:
       | Meanwhile, in third-world, overly bureaucratic Italy, one has to
       | wait several months to get all the paperwork in order to take
       | advantage of a solar installation. Self-deployed solutions are
       | also limited to 800 watts, which is peanuts in today's world.
        
         | pkirk wrote:
         | That is the case only if you want to give your surplus back to
         | the grid. If you avoid that, you are only limited to a maximum
         | power of 20kW of solar panels installed.
        
           | ferguess_k wrote:
           | 20kW seems to be ample for home usage. Half should be good
           | enough.
        
             | tills13 wrote:
             | I recently got a 10kWh system installed and it should cover
             | about half my usage. I live in meh-irradiance Canada. Full
             | coverage of my bill in summer, pathetic generation in the
             | summer. So yeah, sunnier places like Italy 10kWh would be
             | perfect -- especially for places with heat pumps and warm
             | winters.
        
         | wuming2 wrote:
         | You have clearly never spent anything but holiday time in a
         | underdeveloped county. If ever. You won't draw similarities
         | otherwise. Completely different standing points.
        
         | elzbardico wrote:
         | Italy is third world country now?
        
       | pyrale wrote:
       | This article looks like it completely embraces the pov of solar
       | providers, and describes maintenance of the grid as serving the
       | interests of the fossil electricity industry.
       | 
       | ...And not far from the end:
       | 
       | > The next milestone, Massol-Deya says, will be successfully
       | connecting microgrids that are not in close geographic proximity.
       | 
       | Yeah... great journalism here IEEE.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | So the bit thats not clear here is are they defining rules for
       | what happens when there are interconnection failures?
       | 
       | or is it that to connect to the grid you need to have your own
       | storage as well as PV? it sounded like they joined three
       | "islands" together.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | technological advances for off/tied grid solar are now maturing
       | into high quality solutions for all scenarios, costs are in free
       | fall. I was an ultra early adopter of solar pv in 1991 in
       | Takilma, Oregon living in a school bus,and continue to live off
       | grid in Nova Scotia. As to Peurto Rico, my first question was
       | answered by a quick look at a topograpgical map, and Peurto Rico
       | looks a lot like Nova Scotia....lots and lots of hills and little
       | valleys and rivers, which means that for them topography has a
       | big part to play, also looking at pictures of the instalations
       | there, basic roofing is clearly a price consideration before
       | other things, so developing solar that assembles into a physical
       | roofing product, that entirely replaces other roofing, would be
       | important for anyone who is carefullt crunching numbers on a new
       | build in a choice location, add in charging for cars and scooters
       | which can double as extra house power when needed and the
       | inevitability of the comming switch becomes obvious.
        
       | amai wrote:
       | They should buy a nuclear power plant instead. Only nuclear power
       | plants can prevent blackouts.
        
         | OtherShrezzing wrote:
         | A nuclear plant wouldn't prevent the specific types of
         | blackouts that Puerto Rico suffers from, as described in the
         | article. Hurricanes and aged infrastructure means the power
         | coming from centralised producers fails to arrive at
         | distributed consumers. The advantage solar has in this regard
         | is that the energy is produced within 1/2km of its consumption.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | France enters the chat ...
        
         | Attrecomet wrote:
         | I have to wonder how you envision a small community building
         | nucular when the state has already failed them. That's the real
         | neat thing, that cooperations smaller than the entire territory
         | of Puerto Rico can take action and help themselves, and even
         | take away pressure from the rest of the grid doing it!
         | 
         | > Only nuclear power plants can prevent blackouts. That
         | sentence is so maximal that it is trivially maximally wrong.
         | Clearly, other tech can do that too. Like, blindingly
         | obviously.
        
         | greenie_beans wrote:
         | yes it is so easy to build nuclear
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukegate_scandal
        
         | gregors wrote:
         | Timely post as a TN power plant is offline
         | 
         | https://www.local3news.com/local-news/tva-takes-sequoyah-nuc...
        
       | EcommerceFlow wrote:
       | My hope for America is once Optimus robots are up and running,
       | have 1-2 legions worth work 24/7 setting up a huge farm in
       | Arizona, then creating an energy transition line to the east
       | coast.
       | 
       | It sounds crazy, but given the rate of advancements in robots and
       | the fact that solar panels are already mass manufactured, why
       | isn't this feasible in 2 years?
        
         | worldsayshi wrote:
         | Yeah if Musk now clears his head, gives up politics, enters his
         | villain redemption arc and focuses on something he's actually
         | good at - making technology wonders happen through the force of
         | will, workforce manipulation, trial and error and duct tape -
         | it might happen.
        
         | floatrock wrote:
         | Are _you_ a tesla bot?
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Are solar panels still being produced in the U.S.? I thought we
         | strangled that golden goose.
        
           | EcommerceFlow wrote:
           | Remove the Chinese Tariffs on them, then just import massive
           | amounts.
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | That would be playing right into the Chinese evil plan to
             | spend trillions giving away solar panels to America so
             | Americans go woke (and have cheap electricity) /s
        
               | bloomingeek wrote:
               | Your vaporizing is forth coming.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Setting up huge installations in the desert is already nearly
         | labor-free. Anyway this article is about small installations.
        
       | WillAdams wrote:
       | Does anyone have a good link/step-by-step for doing some sort of
       | home solar system where:
       | 
       | - it's sufficiently small-scale that no building permit is
       | required
       | 
       | - it looks nice enough that neighbors won't complain
       | 
       | - the wiring is essentially plug-and-play
       | 
       | The best approach I've been able to come up with is to purchase a
       | medium size battery pack such as is used for glamping (glamour
       | camping), plug it into the wall and connect my refrigerator and a
       | couple of other high-draw appliances to it (basement dehumidifier
       | comes to mind), build a small roof for the back deck, using
       | poured footings with short posts and then attaching the vertical
       | pillars for the roof to that (which should side-step the need for
       | a building permit since it's not a permanent structure), then
       | placing the solar panels on that roof and running a wire to the
       | battery placed in the kitchen.
        
         | originalvichy wrote:
         | Companies like Ecoflow sell mobile battery packs which you can
         | connect foldable/small panels to by just plugging them in. No
         | roof installation required. Those panels can be bought as a
         | bundle with the packs. Those packs can then be connected to
         | extension cords. It's a starting point for short term outages.
        
           | WillAdams wrote:
           | That is the company whose products I've been considering ---
           | my idea was to attach the solar panels to the roof so as to
           | not need to fold/unfold, and to be able to take advantage of
           | them all day without any further clutter on the deck (gaining
           | a roofed area on the deck is a nice bonus).
        
         | sanex wrote:
         | I'm interested in doing something like this as well. Build a
         | pergola with a solar roof instead of just a metal one from
         | Costco. I've seen a few videos online doing a similar sized
         | system with like a Jackert or Anker Solix. Realistically with
         | 2-3 harbor freight panels they're only enough to power like
         | your home office. A fridge will burn through the battery pretty
         | fast. I do believe you can have them do input and output
         | straight into your wall outlet and you don't have to plug right
         | the appliances into the battery/inverter.
        
           | megaman821 wrote:
           | I agree, a solar pergula would be good and hardly noticeable.
           | 
           | A fidge is only going to use 1.5-2kWh per day. A medium sized
           | pergola would give you more power than that. Since you aren't
           | opening and closing the fridge in the middle of the night, a
           | 1 kWh battery would keep it running all day on normal days.
        
         | brk wrote:
         | There is a ton of DIY solar info online, but it is very much
         | regionally dependent. Both for permits and system design.
         | 
         | Here in Florida, I can get high output from an average panel,
         | but there are a lot of permit issues (and rightly so, a poorly
         | installed panel can become a severe hazard in a hurricane).
         | 
         | Where I lived in Michigan, there weren't many permitting or
         | zoning issues, but I'd need 3-4x the number of panels to get
         | usable output in the winter time.
         | 
         | Most truly small scale solar systems don't provide enough
         | output/value to be worth the effort, unless you're living a
         | very low-power lifestyle.
        
           | tencentshill wrote:
           | True energy independence in even a small capacity has a value
           | beyond just money.
        
             | cjaackie wrote:
             | True [x] independence in even a small capacity has a value
             | beyond just money.
             | 
             | ..water.. ..food.. ..housing.. ..information..
             | 
             | I get what you are trying to conveying, I just wanted to
             | highlight the semantic generality of the statement if it
             | stands alone.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | If you have a house in the countryside, then water and
               | food are relatively easy. You've got your own well and
               | septic system for water, and plenty of room to stock up
               | on food, plus you can supplement your diet by growing
               | your own vegetables and raising chickens, fishing or
               | hunting as seasonally appropriate per your local
               | regulations.
               | 
               | The well and septic system require no real effort on your
               | part once installed, though you may find harvesting your
               | own food to be too time consuming or labor intensive to
               | really be actually independent.
        
             | brk wrote:
             | Yes, but on a limited budget solar may not always be the
             | best option to some kind of energy independence. It really
             | depends on what you are trying to solve for. Solar alone
             | won't carry loads at night, the panels are generally not
             | portable, they won't produce much output in the middle of a
             | storm, etc.
             | 
             | As an example, during one of the hurricanes that came
             | through FL last year we lost power shortly after the storm
             | hit. I had a smallish leak with water coming in, it was
             | entirely manageable with a wetvac, running off my
             | generator. But solar panels would have been producing zero
             | output at the same time. Even a large battery bank would
             | have been sufficient.
             | 
             | IME, Solar is something where there is often a case where
             | the minimum investment to get a truly worthwhile system is
             | higher than other things like generators, or recently even
             | battery banks. People often overlook all the situations
             | where solar won't produce any output. I look at solar as
             | more of a second-tier energy independence solution than a
             | first-tier. And it worth nothing this is speaking primarily
             | for applications in North America that have generally
             | stable power. If you're in a remote area with no reliable
             | power infrastructure then the parameters are way different.
        
               | jonathanlydall wrote:
               | I got a solar system installed at end of 2022 due to
               | working from home and the large amount of load shedding
               | South Africa was having at the time. Was absolutely
               | justifiable for me:
               | 
               | https://imgur.com/a/hXeVAGr
               | 
               | (Worth noting that during load shedding only a subset of
               | people are turned off depending on the stage of load
               | shedding, but on average I experienced about 25% of those
               | totals)
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | The money aspect is interesting.
             | 
             | Where I am the companies charge a 'line charge'. It's about
             | 20-25% of the monthly bill.
             | 
             | I generate somewhere between 80-110% of the power I need,
             | but in winter I only get half what I need from solar.
             | 
             | A larger system would cover this and negate the need for
             | the line charge, suddenly saving a lot.
        
           | ellisv wrote:
           | Also in Michigan.
           | 
           | I primarily want to generate enough solar to run my AC in the
           | summer because that's the dominant electricity consuming
           | appliance in our house (except for the EV).
           | 
           | At least with DTE you receive credits for your production,
           | which you can use within 12 months. So generating an excess
           | in the summer to offset the winter is a viable strategy.
        
           | whall6 wrote:
           | Michigan unfortunately represents a mismatch of when you need
           | power vs when power is generated. Arizona, Texas, New Mexico
           | are sweet spots. High power demand in the summer (A/C),
           | relatively high proportion of sunny days.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Michigan is just like the south: highest electricity
             | consumption is during summer.
             | 
             | This may change with increased use of heat pumps for
             | heating, but it's still a while out before seasonal
             | electricity consumption patterns invert.
             | 
             | +/- on what effect electric cars will have: people drive
             | more in summer but efficiency goes down in winter.
             | 
             | Arizona, Florida, etc are not really in a sweet spot we all
             | think it is because PV efficiency/output goes marginally
             | down when it's really hot (ie: when A/C demand peaks).
             | Unless you install the panels at high altitude.
        
               | eldaisfish wrote:
               | we are likely there already.
               | 
               | Ontario, just to the north of Michigan, already has a
               | winter peak very close to the summer peak. The provinces
               | subsidises heat pumps. Ontario will be a winter peaking
               | region in a couple of years.
        
               | whall6 wrote:
               | Interesting that PV efficiency is impacted by peak heat.
               | Why are there so many solar farms in the desert near Las
               | Vegas and in West Texas then? Serious question, would
               | love to know the answer. Are these inefficiencies just
               | now coming to light?
        
               | philipkglass wrote:
               | The effect has long been known, but it's pretty modest.
               | Here's the data sheet for a typical modern solar panel:
               | 
               | https://static.trinasolar.com/sites/default/files/Datashe
               | et_...
               | 
               | It loses about 0.29% of (relative) power output for every
               | degree Celsius of temperature increase. If the module is
               | operating at its maximum rated temperature of 85 degrees
               | C, it's still about 83% as efficient as it would be under
               | standard test conditions (25 degrees C).
               | 
               | Solar farms in sunny, hot regions generate more energy
               | per year than identical installations in cooler, less
               | sunny regions. The benefit of extra light dominates over
               | the efficiency loss from higher temperatures. A location
               | with as much sunlight as Las Vegas but the temperatures
               | of Anchorage would be ideal, but there are few if any
               | locations with those characteristics. That's why Las
               | Vegas is still a good location for solar farms despite
               | the heat.
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | That actually sounds like a pretty good plan.
         | 
         | I did something similar with my lawn mower. I bought a battery
         | and a single solar panel from Harbor Freight, along with the
         | controller and wires need to hook it all together. I'd set the
         | panel in the yard when I needed to charge the mower's
         | batteries.
         | 
         | The whole thing, including the mower, cost less than half a
         | year's fees from a yard crew, and I ended up saving money
         | overall.
         | 
         | After the experiment was done (and I realized the mower was too
         | low for my grass and was harming it) I sold the mower and gave
         | the rest to my father-in-law for his shed.
         | 
         | We then got professionally installed solar panels for our house
         | and a full-house battery. (It isn't strong enough for the air
         | conditioner, but oh well.)
         | 
         | If I had it to do over again on the small scale, I'd buy an
         | Ecoflow battery (which I have actually bought) and a solar
         | panel made for it, and your fridge idea is a good one. It'd
         | probably also power a fan, a light, and some light
         | entertainment, I think.
         | 
         | Edit: Might go with "Anker" or "Jackery" instead of Ecoflow
         | now, as it might be cheaper for the same thing.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | In Europe it's somewhat common to have a small solar panel just
         | on your balcony (i.e. not permanent attached to the building)
         | and simply plugs into a nearby wall receptacle.
         | https://www.theverge.com/24150901/ecoflow-powerstream-review...
         | 
         | For those wondering, the article did discuss the safety matter
         | of using a power outlet as an inlet. And the article also
         | points out that while this is allowed in several countries in
         | Europe it's not allowed in the U.S., but I suppose you could
         | always plug appliances directly into the battery instead.
        
           | rtkwe wrote:
           | Wild. I wonder how they deal with the back feeding issue. Is
           | there something about the home wiring in those countries that
           | prevents it? (or do they just not care and line workers know
           | to check if a line is truly dead?)
        
             | kccqzy wrote:
             | The device detects that and prevents back feeding. So in
             | case of a power outage it completely shuts itself down.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | So when the power goes out it no longer powers your
               | fridge or whatever else you need powered. But it's easy
               | enough to unplug the fridge from the wall and directly
               | into the battery.
        
             | thmsths wrote:
             | I feel the real danger of back feeding is not that american
             | line workers can't be bothered to check if the line is
             | truly dead before starting to work. It's that the line
             | could be reenergized at any time.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | Lineworkers will ground/earth the line with a very good
               | connection (e.g. metal rod into the ground) before
               | working on it, as far as I know.
               | 
               | (At least, this is what electricians working with 33kV in
               | industry in Europe do, e.g. if doing maintenance on a
               | cable to a datacentre.)
        
             | cameldrv wrote:
             | The microinverter just turns itself off if it doesn't
             | detect line voltage in the outlet. In the U.S. evidently
             | it's required to also have some sort of backflow preventer
             | in the panel as well.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Fair, I always forget that most inverters require an
               | existing line voltage to follow instead of being able to
               | generate their own ex nihilo. I was also picturing one of
               | the battery banks that do have the ability to create
               | their own signal too.
        
             | _zoltan_ wrote:
             | if there is no power, the inverter shuts down and doesn't
             | feed power in.
        
             | eldaisfish wrote:
             | it is actually simpler. The inverter stops power flow if it
             | does not detect a grid voltage.
             | 
             | The actual power coming from a balcony setup is tiny, a
             | thousand watts ballpark. The typical house will consume the
             | vast majority of that capacity.
             | 
             | Even if some flows back to the grid, it will likely be
             | consumed by losses in the transformer and wires.
        
           | blackjack_ wrote:
           | We are starting to have this in the US, in fact I have a
           | company coming by to do an install of a system like this on
           | Monday. Technically you should be able to mostly diy it, but
           | it uses a smart panel that gets attached to the main to
           | prevent backflow, which needs an electrician, and for now
           | they are running its own circuit.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | Depending on where you live, that you can buy solar
         | panels+battery kits that plug into the wall and feed the
         | circuit that way, no need to run extension cords to plug in
         | individual appliances. However I don't think those types of
         | setups are legal in the US, they don't trust the backfeed
         | protection
        
         | vhodges wrote:
         | Some resources:                 * https://www.mobile-
         | solarpower.com/       * https://diysolarforum.com/
         | 
         | Note: You'll probably need a permit for the electrical work if
         | it's more permanent and/or grid tied.
         | 
         | But watch the video at https://www.mobile-
         | solarpower.com/mobile-48v-system.html for something similar to
         | a Goal Zero or Jackery
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | > no building permit is required
         | 
         | This will be the main issue. No matter what you're going to be
         | doing work inside the main service panel on your house adding
         | new feeds and you'll need to install a transfer switch to
         | disconnect your house in case of a power outage. Most
         | electrical work inside a panel like adding circuits will
         | require a permit in the US. Seems like your plan doesn't
         | involve any of that though so you should be ok permit wise
         | except maybe needing one for the pad and structure.
        
           | tclancy wrote:
           | It would also be nice to think of your neighbors in terms of
           | not starting a fire and someone capable of doing permitted
           | work will be handy when you go to sell the place and bright
           | red flags show up during inspection.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | In my jurisdiction, you don't need a permit if you're doing it
         | yourself, and it's on your side of the panel.
         | 
         | So the plan I came up with is essentially the plan you have,
         | but I connect my refrigerator to the battery by the panel
         | rather than running an extension cord from my kitchen to the
         | battery.
         | 
         | I disconnected the fridge and 2 other circuits from the panel,
         | and terminated them with a nema 5-15p inlet receptacle like
         | this: http://www.levitonproducts.com/catalog/model_5278-CWP.htm
         | 
         | I then put 4 solar panels on a 45 degree angle on the ground
         | leaning against a south facing wall, anchored to the wall and
         | ground.
         | 
         | The "solar generator" I used is this one:
         | https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/apex-300#/
         | 
         | It's similar to the glamping batteries you refer to, but is
         | more targeted to home backup / off-grid / RV use than glamping.
        
         | bparsons wrote:
         | The glamping approach is probably your best bet if you want to
         | avoid paperwork. The equipment has gotten very good and quite
         | cheap in the last few years.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | Before buying a "glamping battery", you'll want to ensure that
         | it can be run unattended in your desired configuration.
         | 
         | I previously had a Bluetti EB70S and while it almost did what I
         | wanted, it could only charge from AC or Solar, but not both and
         | didn't have a way to set desired levels.
         | 
         | Now I have a Bluetti Apex 300, and I can set it to charge to X%
         | off AC during overnight off-peak rates, and never drop below
         | Y%.
        
         | aeyes wrote:
         | Hybrid Inverter. Main power and solar power go in, house power
         | goes out.
         | 
         | No feeding of solar power to the grid so no permits.
         | 
         | You can add a battery if you want to reduce your reliance on
         | the grid. Or use it with a battery but without solar panels as
         | a whole house UPS.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | >No feeding of solar power to the grid so no permits.
           | 
           | If it becomes popular the slimy solar farm developers and the
           | utility will join hands to hire a lobbyist who will ensure
           | the rules get changed to close the loophole.
        
         | turtlebits wrote:
         | Depends on your jurisdiction, but roof mounted solar installs
         | generally don't need building permits. Electrical permits on
         | the other hand are almost always required.
         | 
         | If you actually want to offset cost, don't buy a portable
         | battery pack. Get an AIO solar inverter and a server rack
         | battery. They're generally plug and play - wire the panels to
         | it, connect the battery.
         | 
         | If you want to run your home loads, the cheapest/simplest way
         | (without going grid-tie) is to have an electrician add a
         | critical loads panel supplied by your inverter output, then
         | plug your inverter in to the grid for backup (in case no solar
         | or batteries are low).
        
           | tiahura wrote:
           | _cheapest /simplest way (without going grid-tie) is to have
           | an electrician add a critical loads panel supplied_
           | 
           | Cheaper way is have electrician wire a manual transfer switch
           | at the existing panel. When you loose power, turn off non-
           | essential breakers and then flip transfer switch.
        
             | acomjean wrote:
             | Does that work?
             | 
             | Our solar inverter uses the 60hz AC from and grid to do the
             | DC->AC conversion. The inverter stops functioning if the
             | power is out. I thought they all did that for safety.
             | 
             | Those home batteries mush have some solution.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | They don't all need the grid -
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44023226
               | 
               | https://eg4electronics.com/categories/inverters/eg4-18kpv
               | -12...
        
             | turtlebits wrote:
             | You lose all benefits of solar/battery except for during a
             | power outage and you have to flip all your breakers? (you
             | also won't immediately know when the power is back).
             | 
             | Might as well save money and not install anything- use an
             | extension cord for those rare times.
        
           | rsync wrote:
           | "If you want to run your home loads, the cheapest/simplest
           | way (without going grid-tie) is to have an electrician add a
           | critical loads panel supplied by your inverter output ..."
           | 
           | No, that's actually _not_ the simplest.
           | 
           | Far simpler is to install a solar breaker in your _main
           | panel_ and a physical lockout[1] between utility power and
           | the new solar breaker.
           | 
           | There is no ATX, there are no smarts, the power goes out and
           | you flip two breakers. There is nothing simpler than this.
           | 
           | The beauty of this is, you can keep scaling up your solar
           | generation, adding panels as the years go by, and you are
           | never locked into these ridiculous "preferred breakers" sub-
           | panels.
           | 
           | Will you have to be smart about your total power use while
           | you are on solar ? Yes, you will - just don't run the dryer
           | and the microwave at the same time.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.amazon.com/QYZZRS-Generator-Interlock-
           | Compatible...
        
             | turtlebits wrote:
             | Changing your usage pattern isn't simpler.
             | 
             | When I mean simplest, I meant a solution that doesn't rely
             | on doing anything. If/when Solar isn't enough or your
             | batteries deplete, it just falls back to grid. Power
             | outage? Your critical items automatically are backed by
             | solar/battery.
             | 
             | Having to think about your what high draw appliances are
             | running and using additional power adds mental load (ie
             | complexity) and is an immediate no for most people.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | Changing your usage pattern is ultimately at the heart of
               | any serious proposal for solving energy scarcity. We
               | _have_ enough energy to power our civilisation without
               | catastrophe: we 're just using it in an extremely
               | inefficient manner.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | How is "using poured footings with short posts" _not_ a
         | permanent structure? Are you pouring the footings into buckets
         | and not into the ground?
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | Guessing that code doesn't mind the footings if they don't
           | stick out, and then whatever is on top is removable.
        
         | caseysoftware wrote:
         | I have a massive array+battery (20kWh generation, 19kWh
         | storage) and while it's great, some things to pay consider:
         | 
         | - if you need roof repair/replacement, do it _before_ you get
         | solar. Alternatively, make your array free standing
         | 
         | - prioritize the circuits you want to cover. Not every one is
         | critical but health & safety (water, fridge, cooking
         | capabilities) are key
         | 
         | - MOST jurisdictions won't require permitting for the grid
         | (especially if it's not connected to your house) but MOST will
         | require an inspection if you want to connect to the grid
         | 
         | - if you connect to the grid, make sure you understand how your
         | electricity provider addresses net metering. I wrote about it
         | here: https://geekamongthetrees.com/what-is-solar-net-metering-
         | or-...
        
       | greenie_beans wrote:
       | my prediction, for the US: electricity demand from AI will exceed
       | supply at least in the short and medium term, driving up electric
       | prices for consumers
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | Increased demand for air conditioning in the US is increasing
         | demand at about the same rate as AI is. We're expanding the
         | grid fast enough to handle one, but not both.
        
           | greenie_beans wrote:
           | interesting, i haven't heard that. where can i go to learn
           | about that? historians cite AC as one of the things that
           | changed the american south in the 20th century, making it
           | more habitable.
        
       | alexnewman wrote:
       | i live in puerto rico. I talk with my luma friends all the time,
       | we need baseload. We need more gas. We've made huge investments
       | in solar that have been destroyed by hurricanes and are a huge
       | waste issue.
        
         | asciii wrote:
         | i got really tired of Luma and after the new year blackout i
         | jumped ship to windmar. i'm fairly rural so it's actually
         | decent and in a good spot where other neighbors have fared well
         | during hurricanes.
        
       | eagerpace wrote:
       | I would love to have just enough solar to flatten my peak usage
       | on the hottest days of the summer. They naturally coincide with
       | tons of sun. I don't need a huge system to be all solar all the
       | time or even care about credits from the power company. I just
       | don't want a $300 bill in the summer and a $50 bill in the
       | winter. Has anyone designed a good solution for this?
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | I have installed 200kw+ worth of rooftop (Florida) and ground
         | mount (NorCal) resi systems (primarily Enphase, but I'm
         | familiar with the operating requirements of other inverters),
         | and am currently riding shotgun for a ~200MW solar PV project
         | in the Midwest. If you share more details (general location,
         | utility, and energy cost schedule [static, seasonal]), I am
         | happy to provide some guidance.
        
           | senjin wrote:
           | With solar panels being so much cheaper than 10-15 years ago,
           | it seems like installation costs are the biggest hurdle to
           | wider adoption. Do you see anything reducing those costs in
           | the future?
           | 
           | Maybe we need a push to make standing seam metal roofs more
           | mainstream and people can install their own without having to
           | drill into their roof
        
         | 98codes wrote:
         | I'd love to have some form of solar work out cost-wise for me
         | here in Seattle -- there just aren't enough sunny days
         | throughout the year to make solar financially make sense, even
         | over a 20-year period. At least from what the solar calculators
         | I've found on the web would have me believe.
        
           | testing22321 wrote:
           | That is wrong. I'm over 2000km north of you in a tight valley
           | that snows a lot. The 7.8kw system on my roof will be paid
           | back in about 7 years.
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | Solar or battery (to load shift for nights and weekend pricing)
         | 
         | HVAC being so much of a load is tricky for smaller battery
         | systems.
         | 
         | My best small step is dehumidifying with battery
        
         | QuercusMax wrote:
         | In Oregon we have the Community Solar program, which I've heard
         | good things about - rather than building your own rooftop
         | solar, you invest in a solar farm subscription as part of your
         | electric bill, and receive credits for power produced. I
         | haven't signed up for it yet personally but I've heard good
         | reports from some other folks.
         | 
         | https://www.oregoncsp.org/
        
         | testing22321 wrote:
         | We put 7.8kw on our roof on a snowy mountain town in Canada in
         | a tight valley. In 12 months it generated $950 worth of power
         | at $0.13/kwh, and we now have no power bill for our house and
         | all heating and cooling with a heat pump.
         | 
         | We tore out the old natural gas furnace and had the line
         | disconnected, saving us about $2k/year for the heating.
         | 
         | Game changer.
        
         | nfriedly wrote:
         | I know this isn't what you're asking about, but my electric
         | company has a budget billing program where they average out
         | your usage and charge you the same amount each month.
         | 
         | I use it mainly so that I can set it up and with my bank's bill
         | pay system and then forget about it for a year. But it's also
         | nice for avoiding those huge bills in the summer.
         | 
         | It might be worth looking into.
        
           | eagerpace wrote:
           | I appreciate that! It's not the cost fluctuation that is a
           | problem, just the fact that usage and price goes up in the
           | summer and the cost scales so quickly. Battery storage is a
           | hack that may work financially for now but I'm more
           | interested in shedding the additional consumption at peak
           | even if it's just the few hottest hours of each day.
        
         | jaggederest wrote:
         | Get a direct solar AC minisplit, EG4 makes one that I haven't
         | tried but it's around $1500 not including panels.
         | 
         | It won't ever make excess electricity and you won't be able to
         | run it after dark, but it'll keep you nice and chilly, I bet.
        
       | whall6 wrote:
       | I don't have data but I have a hunch most blackouts in PR are
       | weather related. In that case (stormy skies), solar probably
       | won't help much.
        
         | cjbgkagh wrote:
         | Don't most storms happen at night? So really it's the battery
         | doing the work either way.
        
           | whall6 wrote:
           | The amount of battery capacity required to sustain power
           | demand for this to be scaled to a meaningful population is
           | high (PR average daily power demand is ~50 GWh per day). Most
           | power outages in PR take 48 to 72 hours to fix. You would
           | need batteries that can store 150 GWh of power. That's a LOT
           | of money to install.
           | 
           | Even this assumes that you wouldn't want any breathing room
           | on battery capacity (i.e., every power outage will be fixed
           | in under 72 hours).
        
       | tgtweak wrote:
       | I keep seeing these "grid synchronizing" inverters that don't
       | require transfer switches and can generate to offset the energy
       | pulled from the grid - in the event of a full grid outage, you
       | can always manually hit the disconnect and run the home -
       | provided the load doesn't surpass the generation capacity (or
       | storage capacity if running with batteries).
       | 
       | It seems like this hasn't really made it's way into North
       | America, which is unfortunate as it would lower the barrier of
       | entry for home solar considerably vs traditional grid-tie/net
       | metering which requires a ton of permits, electricians, meter
       | changes, disconnects (or transfer switches) and generally lots of
       | delays and cost.
       | 
       | I would be very curious how the "migrogrids" interconnect in PR -
       | it seems there is some kind of synchronization and neighborhood-
       | level disconnects to isolate from the shared grid.
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | Grid synchronizing is not the same as being able to operate in
         | island mode. The only reason you can run those inverters
         | without an automatic transfer switch is because they don't
         | function when there's no grid to follow so they shut off when
         | power goes out meaning they don't backfeed the grid outside the
         | home.
         | 
         | A lot of inverters are just grid following and you need some
         | other source creating the 60-hz signal for the solar inverters
         | to follow. Generally this is either a battery or generator
         | because solar has a really hard fall off in the power provided
         | the instant you try to draw too much so instantaneous spike
         | loads like motors starting (compressors/fans/etc) will often
         | collapse off grid solar only installs.
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | > motors starting
           | 
           | This is a big problem when working with single stage HVAC
           | condensers. These motors can have a LRA rating of well over
           | 100 amps.
        
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