[HN Gopher] America's incarceration rate is in decline
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       America's incarceration rate is in decline
        
       Author : paulpauper
       Score  : 254 points
       Date   : 2025-06-25 17:14 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theatlantic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theatlantic.com)
        
       | gjdoslhx wrote:
       | https://archive.is/pe7eH
        
       | pengaru wrote:
       | Does that mean we can stop keeping mouth wash and deodorant
       | behind lock and key on store shelves and resume locking up the
       | criminals making messes of our cities?
        
         | outside1234 wrote:
         | This turned out to not actually be a thing:
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/08/business/organized-shopli...
        
           | arduanika wrote:
           | pengaru did not say anything about organized shoplifting. The
           | lock and key were definitely a thing, and still are. Please
           | read comments before responding to them.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | Come visit SF and let's go shopping downtown.
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | It's unclear if the decline in prisoners stems from a decline
         | in crime. While I generally believe the statistics that
         | _violent_ crime has decreased, it may be the case that the
         | judicial system and even the government in general just have no
         | enthusiasm for prosecuting or punishing it.
         | 
         | In short, no, they won't stop locking it up. They wouldn't even
         | if there was a decline in petty crime... those locks are so
         | that they can staff the store with 2 people instead of 5.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | > those locks are so that they can staff the store with 2
           | people instead of 5.
           | 
           | Maybe in some cases that's true, but it's definitely not true
           | for the few big box stores I frequent in SF where this
           | practice occurs. The Target on 4th street has significantly
           | more staff running around constantly unlocking things and
           | tending to this sort of b.s. than they would otherwise. I'm
           | not sure who pays for the tactical gear wearing security
           | guards at the entrance looking ready for Iraq, but it can't
           | be cheap.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | > The Target on 4th street has significantly more staff
             | running around constantly unlocking things and tending to
             | this sort of b.s. than they would otherwise.
             | 
             | Are you certain, or were they running 3 people ragged who
             | will burn out in a month and quit? Constant motion can make
             | it seem like there are more people, but I also remember the
             | 1990s and seeing at least one person per department in a
             | Kmart, some just monitoring their area. A bigbox store like
             | Target would've had 2 people for the cash registers up
             | front, at least one in customer service, and one per
             | department during off-peak hours. If you're telling me
             | you're seeing a dozen people for certain, I'll believe you,
             | but I am wondering if it wasn't actually fewer.
             | 
             | And besides all that, I was thinking more along the lines
             | of CVS and Walgreens, which are the stores I know of
             | locking everything behind glass.
        
           | antonymoose wrote:
           | I live in a deep Red Bible thumping, back the blue, law and
           | order county / state.
           | 
           | About 7 years ago a former schoolmate of mine shot a man 6
           | times over a bad drug deal, fled the state to California. He
           | was captured by the US Marshal and brought back to the county
           | jail where he bonded out after 3 month.
           | 
           | After his bonding out, he drove over to the victim's parent's
           | house and performed a drive-by shooting, injuring none but
           | did kill livestock.
           | 
           | He was arrested again, taken to the county jail, and bonded
           | out after several months.
           | 
           | The issue finally reached a plea bargain, they dropped all
           | charges related to both shooting, had him plead guilty to
           | felony firearms charge, and gave him time served and 5 years
           | probation.
           | 
           | This man is a grown adult with felony priors, and got a
           | proverbial slap on the wrist. Never saw a day of state
           | prison, likely never will.
           | 
           | If this is how we treat serious violent crime, I'm not
           | surprised in TFA at all.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | There should be statutory limitations for prosecutors
             | concerning the use of plea deals. No more than 1% of cases
             | in any calendar year should be permitted to even offer plea
             | deals, so that they use that tool sparingly and only when
             | appropriate. If they waste it out of laziness or apathy,
             | then the subsequent cases that year would have to be
             | brought to trial.
             | 
             | This would cut down on alot of the bullshit (and not just
             | for cases like the one you describe, but where plea
             | bargaining is used to bully people into pleading guilty
             | where they are not).
        
               | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
               | Most convictions are due to plea deals. If you limit that
               | tool, people would simply have charges dropped due to
               | Sixth Amendment violations and people languishing in
               | prison awaiting trials. It would be gridlock.
               | 
               | "Plea bargaining accounts for almost 98 percent of
               | federal convictions and 95 percent of state convictions
               | in the United States."
               | 
               | https://legalknowledgebase.com/what-percentage-of-
               | criminal-c...
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | I think a public trial serves as a form of oversight.
               | Widespread plea bargaining means we'll never know how
               | many of these people even committed crimes, much less how
               | the justice system operates.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | > Most convictions are due to plea deals.
               | 
               | Probably, but why should that matter?
               | 
               | >If you limit that tool, people would simply have charges
               | dropped
               | 
               | So you mean that charges that don't matter are often
               | pressed anyway, because prosecutors have a cheat code to
               | short circuit the long and arduous process of trial which
               | is _supposed_ to be long and arduous? No thanks.
               | 
               | If they could prosecute fewer cases, then they would pick
               | the ones that mattered. Last time I did grand jury duty,
               | it was 40 cases every day, most of them bullshit drug
               | possession charges.
               | 
               | Or maybe, maybe they really do have so many important
               | cases that this would become a problem. Then it should
               | become a problem, so the public is forced to realize it
               | must fund a more robust judicial system that can handle
               | that high load. Either way, I do not want prosecutors
               | using plea deals. And you shouldn't either.
               | 
               | >"Plea bargaining accounts for almost 98 percent of
               | federal convictions and 95 percent of state convictions
               | in the United States."
               | 
               | There was a slow day at the grand jury, and the assistant
               | DA was talking to us jurors. Claimed that our small city
               | had about 4000 cases per year, and only 30 or so ever
               | went to trial. How can justice be served if that's the
               | case? He certainly thought that he was doing justice, but
               | some of those people were just pleading out so that they
               | could put an end to the nonsense, and not out of any true
               | guilt. Whether they were forced to go to trial so that
               | they would be then compelled to assert their (true)
               | innocence, or whether the prosecutor would just stop
               | making up bullshit charges, we'd all be better off. He
               | genuinely thought of trials as some sort of fun
               | distraction instead of what it really was... the entire
               | point of his job. It was fucked up.
               | 
               | The trouble with our world isn't that there aren't
               | solutions, it's that when someone proposes them, they
               | sound outlandish to people who subconsciously want the
               | problems to persist.
        
               | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
               | Sixth Amendment is the right to a speedy trial. They
               | would have to expand the courts to thousands of more
               | courts to get that done. And then there are appeals, and
               | appeals of appeals, etc.
               | 
               | Not to mention lawyer fees would go up 10x or 100x for
               | any simple thing.
               | 
               | Want to get charged $10k for a speeding ticket? This is
               | how it happens.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | >They would have to expand the courts to thousands of
               | more courts to get that done.
               | 
               | Possibly. But if they're denying justice because "it
               | would cost too much to do it correctly", then maybe the
               | taxpayers just have to pony up more cash.
               | 
               | But it's also possibly the case that they don't need more
               | courts, they just have to stop focusing on bullshit drug
               | charges that absolutely no one gives a shit about. If
               | drug addicts want to commit slow suicide doing the stuff,
               | let them. If you want to instead focus on the drug
               | dealers, there are simple policies that would put street
               | dealers out of business instantly.
               | 
               | Your objections don't really line up with your goals, no
               | matter what your goals happen to be. Think about it all a
               | bit more carefully.
        
               | dh2022 wrote:
               | The problem is not the judge that approved a plea deal -
               | the problem is the prosecutor who gave (negotiated maybe
               | is a better term) such a lousy plea deal. After fleeing
               | the state and being brought by US Marshal service I would
               | think the prosecutor should have pushed for some state
               | jail time.
        
             | Kon-Peki wrote:
             | I live in super liberal Illinois, which recently ended cash
             | bail. It was a rough transition period but now it is fully
             | implemented and every judge and prosecutor knows how
             | everything works.
             | 
             | Cook County Jail (Chicago and close-in suburbs) population
             | is higher than it has been in over a decade. They had to
             | reopen a section of the jail to deal with it. Because
             | people who do what that guy did no longer get to bond out.
             | If someone fled to California and got brought back by the
             | Marshal's service, he's sitting in jail until trial. And
             | _he_ is the one that needs to negotiate and offer
             | concessions.
             | 
             | Note: crime is now dropping a lot [1]. Trying setting the
             | date range to "last 28 days"
             | 
             | [1] https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/sites/vrd/home.html
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | The end of cash bail was the right idea, though. At the
               | time it ended there were ~100 homicide defendants out on
               | bail (usually $150K+), yet there were hundreds of people
               | held for months or years on petty offenses for want of
               | under $250 to bail out.
               | 
               | Wouldn't wish my worst enemy to be held in the CCJ,
               | though. Easily one of the worst detention facilities in
               | the USA.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | I disagree. Cash bail is about holding someone's money
               | hostage to secure their presence at court... the problem
               | always was the violation of 8th amendment rights. By
               | demanding _excessive_ bail, the person couldn 't possibly
               | cough up the amount, which forced them to utilize bail
               | bondsmen instead. Except that turns bail into a fine,
               | because unlike true bail which is returned when they
               | appear at court, bonds are retained by the bail bondsman.
               | 
               | Simply obeying the 8th amendment would have fixed
               | everything, and so much better too.
               | 
               | In some cases, high bail was used because judges were
               | pussies who refused to deny bail to those who were actual
               | threats to the public (see this alot whenever you hear
               | bullshit about some killer whose bail is set at $5
               | million or whatever). Other times, it was just the status
               | quo, and judges were giving no real consideration to the
               | problem.
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | The whole concept of pretrial detention is fraught with
               | problems.
               | 
               | At least in Illinois, the theory is that now most
               | defendants should be able to be free, or on house arrest,
               | until their trial.
               | 
               | Illinois doesn't allow bondsmen, which, while it meant
               | you got your bond back+ it also meant that, unlike other
               | states, you couldn't pay a smaller amount to a bondsman
               | for him to get you out. So I imagine in Illinois at
               | least, more people were stuck in pretrial due to (as you
               | say) _excessive_ bail.
               | 
               | One issue is that a lot of defendants have zero cash, or
               | zero access to their cash. _You can 't pay your own
               | bond_. Someone has to pay your bond for you. You can't go
               | to an ATM and get the money out. You can't access the
               | Internet to sell your shares or take a loan against your
               | real estate. These people are stuck in pretrial until
               | their case is resolved, which can take over a decade in
               | some instances.
               | 
               | I had a cellmate who was wrongfully arrested and had a
               | $20K bond set. He was homeless. I proved the case was
               | frivolous and sent him to court with the paperwork. The
               | judge agreed, but gave the prosecution 60 days to
               | respond. He reset the bail at $200. I offered to pay it,
               | but instead he just asked to use my phone credit. He
               | spent all day calling his homeless friends and over the
               | next three days over a dozen of them walked to the jail
               | and dropped off $10 and $20 bills until he had enough to
               | leave.
               | 
               | If a judge sets excessive bail, which the vast majority
               | do, then you can appeal it. It's usually immediately
               | appealable. In most states this would be a 6-stage
               | appellate process to exhaust your rights. Each level
               | taking usually one to two years.
               | 
               | The conditions in county jails are vastly more punitive
               | than even the harshest supermax prisons, generally.
               | Absolutely abominable conditions. I remember one recent
               | case where a homeless person was grabbed off the street
               | for having a bag of white powder. He was put in pretrial
               | detention. He pled guilty to possession of cocaine and
               | took (IIRC) a 5-year prison sentence. Just before he was
               | shipped out the lab results came back as negative for
               | cocaine. The bag was powdered milk he had obtained from a
               | food bank. The judge asked why he pled guilty and he
               | simply pointed out the conditions of the jail were so
               | harsh that he couldn't take it. Pretrial detention vastly
               | increases both the conviction rate (you're more likely to
               | plead guilty even if the charges are wrong) and also the
               | length of sentence (people dressed in suits coming from
               | the street just look less criminal and are sentenced a
               | lot lighter, compared to people in Hamburgler outfits
               | coming from jail).
               | 
               | I think the writing is on the wall, though. There has
               | been an absolute ton of hardcore litigation in the last
               | decade on the legality of bail, and the intermediate
               | appellate courts are striking it down. I think if SCOTUS
               | had a slightly different makeup, then we'd see bail
               | abolished at the federal constitutional level right now.
               | The reason for the new statutes in Illinois and other
               | states, counties and cities is that they are getting
               | ahead of the problem. Better to fix it now than get sued
               | down the road.
               | 
               | + You'd rarely get it back. Often the judge would impose
               | a fine, if you were sentenced, that would swallow your
               | bond. One bonus, though, is that you could usually make
               | your bond do "double-duty" by using it to bail out, but
               | at the same time signing it over to an attorney to pay
               | his costs. When the case reaches disposition the bond
               | would go directly to the lawyer.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | >I think the writing is on the wall, though. There has
               | been an absolute ton of hardcore litigation in the last
               | decade on the legality of bail, and the intermediate
               | appellate courts are striking it down.
               | 
               | I think this bodes ill, myself. I expect a slowly-but-
               | steadily rising culture that just skips out on trials
               | altogether, because there are no immediate (or even
               | longterm) costs to doing so. Though you might argue that
               | in such cases judges will just issue bench warrants, this
               | too will stop when everyone involved becomes too
               | apathetic and demoralized to do so.
               | 
               | Bail would be fine if it were carefully set such that the
               | person can always scrape and afford it, enough that they
               | wouldn't risk losing it but still low enough that they
               | can gather it. Is there any reason at all that your
               | anecdote had the judge set it to $20k? That's ridiculous.
               | And for a homeless man as well... that's constructive
               | bail denial. That judge should be censured and forced to
               | retire.
               | 
               | Just once I would like to see a policy adjustment that
               | wasn't absurd overcompensation. I turn 51 in a few months
               | so I've got maybe 2 decades left but I don't think it's
               | going to happen.
        
           | techjamie wrote:
           | Asset Protection manager here. Our protection decisions are
           | based on theft trends independent from our staffing. And
           | generally, the theft scales with how much business a store
           | receives, rather than how many staff they employ.
           | 
           | More staff won't solve theft significantly because thieves
           | carry the target merchandise to a less securely monitored
           | area of the store. If they see an employee in an aisle,
           | they'll move down another aisle where there isn't. And you
           | can't have a person everywhere.
           | 
           | If anything, putting something behind glass increases staff
           | because we have to keep that area covered as much as possible
           | so we get those sales.
        
         | energywut wrote:
         | Putting poor, desperate people in jail isn't going to solve the
         | systemic issues that create poor, desperate people.
         | 
         | Locking up people for petty theft is almost certainly FAR more
         | expensive than the cost of the materials being stolen. It costs
         | tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars to house
         | an inmate every year, to say nothing of the damage it causes
         | that inmate. Prisons make criminals more likely to commit crime
         | in the future.
         | 
         | A person would have to be stealing like 40 bottles of mouthwash
         | _every single day_ for it to be cheaper to jail an inmate
         | rather than just replace the mouthwash for the business. Cases
         | like that also clog the justice system and prevent solving more
         | serious crimes, deplete shared resources like police and public
         | defenders, and overcrowd prisons.
         | 
         | Even if you aren't a prison abolitionist like me, surely the
         | rational approach here isn't "Pay more and increase the
         | likelyhood the petty criminal becomes a serious criminal". It
         | just makes zero rational sense to try and solve the issue that
         | way.
        
           | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
           | This article claims that the inmate costs per state range
           | from $23k/year (Arkansas) to $307k/year (Massachusetts).
           | 
           | https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cost-per-prisoner-in-us-
           | sta...
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | > Locking up people for petty theft is almost certainly FAR
           | more expensive than the cost of the materials being stolen
           | 
           | Who pays matters.
        
             | energywut wrote:
             | We pay. We pay to house inmates. It costs us a TON of money
             | to house prison populations.
        
           | rahimnathwani wrote:
           | Prisons make criminals more likely to commit crime in the
           | future.
           | 
           | Prisons make people less likely to become criminals.
           | 
           | Your comment focuses on prison and the impact it has on a
           | single criminal who is caught, convicted, and put in prison.
           | Sometimes this is a useful way to look at things.
           | 
           | I think it's far more useful to consider prison's impact on
           | all the people who are _not_ in prison. It serves as a crime
           | deterrent.
        
             | energywut wrote:
             | > Prisons make people less likely to become criminals.
             | 
             | Here is a study supporting the assertion that prisons
             | increase (or do not reduce) the likelihood of someone
             | reoffending in the future.
             | https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/715100
             | 
             | Your claim that prisons reduce the likelihood of the
             | population at large is not obvious on its face, as the US
             | has very high rate of incarceration, but still has
             | moderately high crime rates. Can you supply some data?
        
               | rahimnathwani wrote:
               | Your claim that prisons reduce the likelihood of the
               | population at large is not obvious on its face
               | 
               | Are you saying that, irrespective of the chance of being
               | caught and convicted, and of the severity of the likely
               | punishment, the likelihood of someone committing a crime
               | is constant?                 Here is a study supporting
               | the assertion that prisons increase (or do not reduce)
               | the likelihood of someone reoffending in the future
               | 
               | That has nothing to do with the point I made, which was
               | about people _becoming_ criminals. I said nothing about
               | the behaviour of existing criminals.
        
               | energywut wrote:
               | > Are you saying that, irrespective of the chance of
               | being caught and convicted, and of the severity of the
               | likely punishment, the likelihood of someone committing a
               | crime is constant?
               | 
               | I'm saying that prison sentences are not a deterrent to
               | crime, and, in fact, increase the amount of crime done.
               | Research has consistently shown that the threat of being
               | caught is considerably higher deterrent than prison time,
               | and that harsh sentences don't influence behavior:
               | 
               | https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/five-things-about-
               | deterr...
               | 
               | > That has nothing to do with the point I made, which was
               | about people becoming criminals.
               | 
               | We are discussing crime. Which has a total sum. You can
               | reduce that sum by preventing people from being criminals
               | or you can reduce that sum by reforming criminals. I
               | believe you need both. So it is important to remember
               | that prisons negatively contribute to reforming people,
               | increasing total crime, while research shows they don't
               | contribute to preventing people from being criminals.
               | 
               | We need other systems, systems that prevent people from
               | becoming criminals AND reduce the likelihood of re-
               | offending if they do.
        
               | rahimnathwani wrote:
               | I'm saying that prison sentences are not a deterrent to
               | crime, and, in fact, increase the amount of crime done.
               | Research has consistently shown that the threat of being
               | caught is considerably higher deterrent than prison time,
               | and that harsh sentences don't influence behavior:
               | 
               | Would the threat of being caught be a deterrent if the
               | sentence were 1 day?
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | Depends on the area. The area I lived in last year, it was rare
         | to enter a Walgreens that wasn't actively being pillaged by
         | shoplifters. I remember when they announced they were closing
         | the only local Wal-mart (due to excessive shoplifting,
         | allegedly) -- that same day the shoplifters went in like a
         | swarm of locusts and stripped it bare. They had police at both
         | exits, but they were powerless.
        
       | mauvehaus wrote:
       | From the end of World War II until the mid-1970s, the proportion
       | of Americans in prison each year never exceeded 120 per 100,000
       | 
       | That's a funny way of saying 0.12%. Is there a reason for this?
       | It sure doesn't make it easy to compare the numbers they're
       | giving with other numbers given as percentages.
       | 
       | I guess if you're considering a sufficiently small population you
       | could go from ~600,000 people in Vermont * 120/100,000 -> ~720
       | imprisoned people in Vermont trivially, but we're the second
       | smallest state. This certainly doesn't scale to cities over a
       | million. At least I'd start having to think harder about it.
        
         | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
         | > 120 per 100,000 ... Is there a reason for this?
         | 
         | Crime statistics (e.g. homicides) are often quoted as 'n per
         | 100,000 population'.
         | 
         | It's probably also easier for mental math, e.g. here's a city
         | with 1 million population, that's 10 100Ks, so 1200 people in
         | prison.
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | It also lets you abstract away or compare to stats that are
           | scaled to population but might not be 1:1 with a person, e.g.
           | "thefts per 100,000 population per year" where one person
           | might either commit or be the victim of multiple thefts in a
           | year.
        
         | everforward wrote:
         | 120 per 100,000 includes significant digits. 0.12% could be
         | anywhere from 120-124 per 100,000. You'd really want 0.120%,
         | but that's confusing for different reasons.
         | 
         | Worse would be 1,000 per 100,000, which is 1% but there's no
         | way to tell that it's not rounded or truncated.
        
           | ninthcat wrote:
           | "120" and "0.12%" both have 2 significant digits. "120." and
           | "0.120%" have 3 significant digits.
        
             | everforward wrote:
             | I would presume, perhaps incorrectly, that "120 per
             | 100,000" has 3 significant digits and "12 per 10,000" has
             | 2.
             | 
             | I've never seen a period used like that in census data. It
             | seems like a conscious choice because the period is
             | confusing when used in the middle of a phrase. 12E1 makes
             | more sense but is abnormal notation for many people.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figures
               | 
               | > Trailing zeros in an integer may or may not be
               | significant, depending on the measurement or reporting
               | resolution.
               | 
               | 120 is either two or three significant figures, and you
               | can't know which without knowing how the number was
               | arrived at.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Crime is also way down over the last 20 years:
       | 
       | https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/04/24/what-the-...
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | Because of those tough on crime republicans.
         | 
         | Lets see if cutting education has any impact over the next 20
         | years.
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | Crime reduction is strongly correlated with an aging
           | population. Crime is largely a young man's game.
        
             | FrustratedMonky wrote:
             | Young and hungry, without opportunity. Also something being
             | cut with reduced food aid and education.
        
               | electriclove wrote:
               | Education? Free Food Aid? In the US, people are not
               | starving
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Just because a lot of people are fat, doesn't mean it is
               | evenly distributed.
               | 
               | That is just a right talking point about how we are so
               | spoiled. Plenty of kids need food. Kids learn better when
               | not hungry. And Republicans are cutting school food
               | programs.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | 13% of American households experienced food insecurity in
               | 2023, which means "these households were uncertain of
               | having or unable to acquire enough food to meet the needs
               | of all their members because they had insufficient money
               | or other resources for food."
               | 
               | 5% (6.8 million _households_ ) experienced "very low food
               | security" which is "normal eating patterns of one or more
               | household members were disrupted and food intake was
               | reduced at times during the year because they had
               | insufficient money or other resources for food"
               | 
               | American food security is so bad in plenty of places that
               | we can still get notable increases in academic
               | performance _just by giving people food_
               | 
               | Lack of access to food is literally holding the US back.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | At least in Seattle, crime is "way down" because many
         | businesses have stopped reporting it, because the police don't
         | respond to less serious crimes anymore.
         | 
         | A shopkeeper friend of mine closed his business in Seattle
         | after multiple lootings of his place and the police never
         | showing up. He relocated to a bedroom community.
         | 
         | Crime statistics are not necessarily accurate, and politicians
         | have an interest in minimizing those statistics one way or
         | another.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | This is why the headline statistic for crime tracking is
           | usually homicide, which is also down.
        
           | energywut wrote:
           | You have any data to support that? I've lived in Seattle for
           | 40 years, and crime here is way less of a concern now than it
           | ever has been. Especially violent crime.
           | 
           | My experience also seems to match statistics. So, it would
           | seem that your friend's experience might be the outlier --
           | I'm not saying they are wrong, I'm saying their experience
           | doesn't match the data and there's at least one anecdote
           | (mine) that runs counter to their anecdote. Seems like a good
           | opportunity to try and find data that supports your
           | hypothesis?
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | "Data on the things that no one is reporting"
        
               | energywut wrote:
               | Don't be facile.
               | 
               | Police reports aren't the only source of data. If this
               | was a widespread impact then there would be other sources
               | of data that could be used to build this case.
               | 
               | Additionally, we cannot make policy decisions on "just
               | trust me, my friend said...". Maybe we can't get a
               | perfect signal, but if you are going to challenge the
               | prevailing data, I expect you to bring something novel
               | beyond vibes. It doesn't have to be perfect, but a single
               | anecdote plus " _I_ believe it " is not sufficient to
               | oppose what the data we _do_ have is consistently saying
               | -- crime is lower in Seattle, and has been consistently
               | lowering over time.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Nothing has to be reported for a retail business to note
               | that shrink is going up.
               | 
               | Why isn't shrink going up?
        
             | naijaboiler wrote:
             | Um you are more gracious than me. I will just flat out call
             | out as his friend as lying
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Googling "crime down in seattle due to lower reporting
             | rates" results in:
             | 
             | "While crime rates in Seattle have recently shown a
             | decrease, some reports suggest this may be partially
             | attributed to a decline in reporting rather than a genuine
             | reduction in criminal activity. Specifically, some
             | authorities have noted that crimes against businesses, in
             | particular, are frequently not reported."
             | 
             | "The police chief specifically mentioned that a 10% drop in
             | property crime might not be entirely accurate because many
             | business-related crimes go unreported."
        
             | vessenes wrote:
             | I'm not sure the data backs up your assertion -- in fact,
             | it looks to me like Seattle's crime rate is roughly steady
             | -- and bad -- over the last 20 years.
             | 
             | Seattle had the highest burglary rate in the nation of any
             | large city as recently as 2023 (1201 per 100k residents!).
             | https://www.safehome.org/resources/crime-statistics-by-
             | state...
             | 
             | from 1999-2018 (most recent I can find a chart for),
             | Violent crime ebbed and flowed but ended essentially where
             | it started: 680/100k residents, almost double the US
             | average. https://www.macrotrends.net/global-
             | metrics/cities/us/wa/seat.... I believe this uses FBI
             | numbers.
             | 
             | Seattle Police report 5394 violent crimes in 2024, with
             | 755k residents that's ~700 violent crimes per 100k, or
             | roughly where it was in both 1999 and in 2018.
             | https://www.axios.com/local/seattle/2025/04/28/crime-
             | drops-2...
             | 
             | I note that the Axios article says 2025 is on track to be a
             | big drop; I have no idea what crime seasonality is, so I'd
             | take that news story with a grain of salt until the year is
             | out. Either way I just don't think Seattle's crime rates
             | are "way less of a concern" over the last 40 years. Well,
             | people may have become acclimated or stopped caring. But
             | the rates are high, and don't look to have changed that
             | much.
        
               | energywut wrote:
               | Look back further - https://images.seattletimes.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2019/04/F...
               | 
               | In the 80s and 90s, violent crime rates were well above
               | 1000/100k residents, and property crimes 12k/100k.
        
             | senderista wrote:
             | It is a fact that CVS didn't lock up the toothpaste until a
             | few years ago. There must be a reason.
        
       | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
       | this is great news. but...
       | 
       | i fear the new avenues of business sought by companies that
       | operate for-profit prisons - i don't expect they'll just eat the
       | losses of declining populations in their main moneymakers, and
       | we're already starting to see them work on detention facilities
       | for DHS etc.
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | Detention facilities for deportations is an inherently fast
         | shrinking population.
        
           | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
           | at some point, maybe. i have no trust in DHS whatsoever.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | But do you think they'd start letting more people into the
             | country, just to charge to detain and deport them? It's
             | actually sort of an ideal solution. Big business gets back
             | labor that it can threaten to deport if it demands
             | anything, then they can clean up on the public-private
             | deportations. Factory managers could send ICE a list of
             | their most annoying employees to visit. It would be so
             | 80's, I almost typed "the INS."
        
               | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
               | what you're describing is more or less already happening.
               | don't think h1b visaholders won't become a target.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | You think if an H1B is canceled that they would illegally
               | overstay?
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | > i don't expect they'll just eat the losses of declining
         | populations in their main moneymakers
         | 
         | Most of them (probably all) have contracts that stipulate they
         | get paid per bed they provide, whether or not it's occupied.
        
           | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
           | sure, but if the beds are empty, they're less likely to get
           | new contracts.
        
         | tjpnz wrote:
         | Just get a few more Ciavarellas[0] elected and boom! Kids for
         | Cash 2.0 - Little Timmy will never mouth off in class ever
         | again.
         | 
         | 0: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Ciavarella
        
         | Hilift wrote:
         | Prisons are ancient history. The latest chapter is the tough on
         | crime states have glorious high speed pursuits. All those
         | Challengers blasting away at 140 mph in the breakdown lane,
         | rollover 10-50 pits, suspects at gunpoint, now published in
         | 1080 on YouTube for some state and county agencies. A single
         | pursuit may result in two or three disabled police vehicles
         | that need to be replaced. A prepped vehicle is over $100k. In
         | 2024 Arkansas had 500+ high speed pursuits, resulting in three
         | suspect deaths and three civilian deaths. Additionally, nine
         | civilians, 14 troopers, and 83 suspects were injured. and
         | easily over 1,000 vehicles trashed.
         | 
         | Each of these videos puts most film car chases to shame. There
         | must be 20 channels dedicated to this. Participating states
         | I've seen are mostly Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Ohio,
         | Michigan, and California. But any agency can publish a video,
         | particularly if there is a shooting death and an official
         | investigation.
        
       | strict9 wrote:
       | > _Rapidly declining numbers of youth are committing crimes,
       | getting arrested, and being incarcerated. This matters because
       | young offenders are the raw material that feeds the prison
       | system: As one generation ages out, another takes its place on
       | the same horrid journey._
       | 
       | Another factor which will soon impact this, if it isn't already,
       | is the rapidly changing nature of youth. Fertility rates have
       | been dropping since 2009 or so. Average age of parents is
       | increasing. Teen pregnancy on a long and rapid decline.
       | 
       | All of these working together means that each year the act of
       | having a child is much more deliberate and the parents likely
       | having more resources. Which in turn should mean fewer youth
       | delinquency, which as the article notes is how most in prison
       | started out.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | > the act of having a child is much more deliberate and the
         | parents likely having more resources
         | 
         | This is both good and bad. Having a child is very difficult,
         | but it gets harder as you get older. You lack a lot of monitory
         | resources as a teen or the early 20s, but you have a lot more
         | energy, as you get older your body starts decaying you will
         | lack energy. A kid had at 40 will still be depending on your
         | when you are 55 (kids is only 15), and if the kids goes to
         | college may have some dependency on you when your peers are
         | retiring. Plus if your kids have kids young as well as you, you
         | be around and have some energy for grandkids.
         | 
         | Don't read the above as advocating having kids too young, it is
         | not. However don't wait until you think it is the perfect time.
         | If you are 25 you should be seriously thinking in the next 2
         | years, and by 30 have them (if of course kids are right for you
         | - that is a complex consideration I'm not going to get into).
         | Do not let fear of how much it will cost or desire for more
         | resources first stop you from having kids when you are still
         | young enough to do well.
        
           | c22 wrote:
           | I had kids in my late 30s and they tested my patience and
           | emotional regulation to an extent greater than any other
           | experience of my life. I was somewhat emotionally volatile in
           | my 20s and I can't imagine my kids having better outcomes if
           | I'd had to learn to parent at that time in my life.
        
             | wvenable wrote:
             | My children are 12 years apart in age and being a parent in
             | my 20s was a much better experience. I had less money, but
             | I had more time. I wiser now, but I had more energy. I
             | could relate to being a kid more.
             | 
             | I'm not suggesting it's better. But people seem to
             | automatically assume that being older when having kids as
             | better. I know some much older parents who were not good
             | parents. I know I would not make a good parent to a younger
             | child now that I'm in my 40s.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | I did not have more time in my 20s. In my 20s and early
               | 30s, I was busy "getting out there". Building my life, my
               | interests, my foundation (not just my career). Now I have
               | a happy life to stand on, and can devote more time,
               | attention, and energy to my family.
               | 
               | I don't deny that your way can work out as well. But OPs
               | advice was "get children before you are 30, don't wait
               | until after". Whereas my honest advice, based on my
               | experience, is "wait until you are 35, you'll be much
               | more stable life in several regards".
               | 
               | Which approach is best for you depends on a lot of
               | things. For me, I can honestly say, there is no way I
               | would be where I am if I had had kids in my 20s or even
               | early 30s, and I also wouldn't have been as good a father
               | as I am right now based on how I've grown since then.
               | Both things that my child directly benefits from.
        
               | wvenable wrote:
               | I was "getting out there" too! So many major life
               | milestones. But actually it has never stopped. Most of my
               | major career changes happened after the second child. I
               | have entirely new interests now.
               | 
               | I feel like I do have the unique perspective having
               | actually done both. I don't need to assume what kind of
               | parent I was in my 20s because I was that parent. And I'm
               | a different parent now. But being a younger parent was a
               | great experience despite any other consequences.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | That's interesting. Because I genuinely feel I'm much
               | better cut out to be a parent now. Is it different for
               | you? I have so much patience and understanding, and I see
               | that lacking in many of the younger parents around me. I
               | see them and I remember myself.
               | 
               | And the life I have would just not have been possible if
               | I had a child back then. Not even if I completely
               | sacrificed family time and attention back then, which I
               | never would have wanted.
               | 
               | But I guess we have to agree to disagree. For you, being
               | a younger parent worked out better. For me, I'm certain I
               | got my child at the right time. In any case, I find OPs
               | general recommendation that if you want children, you
               | should have them by 30, to be ill-advised to the point of
               | being harmful. Many people would benefit from waiting
               | until later.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | > I have so much patience and understanding
               | 
               | I'm 32, and I think I currently have much less patience
               | and understanding than I did at say 22. Life has
               | basically broken me to the point that I simply don't have
               | the capacity for these things that I used to.
        
               | Xcelerate wrote:
               | Haha, I like to joke that I reached peak intellectual
               | capacity around 26 and peak emotional maturity around 14
               | and both have been dropping from their peak since then.
        
               | mettamage wrote:
               | It also depends on the person. I was not an adult at 27.
               | I realized I was one at 32 though.
               | 
               | Kids at 27 would have been a bad bad idea. Kids at 32 as
               | well (wrong partner). I'm even older now but I am with
               | the right partner and naturally want kids now. Before
               | her, the topic wouldn't even cross my mind.
               | 
               | I think it's really hard to give general advice if one
               | doesn't mention how their advice interacts with other
               | variables
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The advice was to start before you are 30, not finish
               | then. If you have multiple kids my advice is the last
               | should be around 35 maybe 40 but space them out
        
               | davedx wrote:
               | We have 4 kids and I relate to them really well I think,
               | not to the level where I'm engrossed in descriptions of
               | the latest Roblox game but they're just younger humans,
               | not some alien species... I'm in my mid 40's and our
               | youngest is 10.
               | 
               | I also have plenty of energy, the only real change I've
               | noticed getting older is I'm in bed a bit earlier than I
               | was in my 20s.
               | 
               | I don't understand why people think midlife is some kind
               | of drained, lifeless decrepitude
        
               | Chris2048 wrote:
               | > I don't understand why people think midlife is some
               | kind of drained, lifeless decrepitude
               | 
               | I think people have a variety of health conditions and
               | lifestyle choices, some of which do indeed result in less
               | energy in mid-life.
        
             | gmoot wrote:
             | Or possibly you would have learned emotional regulation
             | sooner.
             | 
             | Kids change you, for the better if you let it. There's
             | nothing like a completely helpless infant who is totally
             | dependent on you to wear down your selfish tendencies.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | A lot of people are "emotionally volatile" in their 20s
             | because they don't have the growth in responsibility and
             | maturity motivated by being a parent.
        
           | anyfoo wrote:
           | We _did_ wait for the "perfect" time, and are very happy we
           | did.
           | 
           | I got my son at almost 40, and I'm positive I'm a much better
           | parent because of that. Sure, kids cost energy, but at 40 and
           | 50 you're not geriatric. I often get the opportunity to
           | compare our parenting style to younger parents, and it's
           | clear that they often have some emotional growing up to do
           | themselves. They complain about normal parenting things that
           | we just shrug about, they are torn between their career and
           | raising a kid, and most importantly they often lack patience,
           | where to us it just comes natural.
        
             | Izikiel43 wrote:
             | > but at 40 and 50 you're not geriatric.
             | 
             | biologically, and for pregnancy, yes you are.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | I didn't say get pregnant at 50. I said I became a parent
               | at almost 40, my wife is a couple of years younger. No
               | problems whatsoever, and I seem to have more energy for
               | parenting (and especially patience) than the parents in
               | their 20s who haven't even found themselves yet.
        
               | malcolmgreaves wrote:
               | It's actually the age of the egg that matters most, not
               | the age of the mother during pregnancy.
        
               | pnw wrote:
               | Paternal age is also a contributor. Children with fathers
               | over 40 see an increase in potential diseases, a shorter
               | lifespan and higher infant mortality, likely due to DNA
               | mutations.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternal_age_effect
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | According to that page, the whole issue seems to be very
               | nuanced. It also contains the quotes I attached below.
               | 
               | Be it as it may, I conclude that there is an elevated
               | risk for problems the older you get (although for some
               | issues, cause and effect may be reversed, which is hard
               | to resolve), but that that risk may not be so significant
               | as to outweigh other advantages.
               | 
               | > A simulation study concluded that reported paternal age
               | effects on psychiatric disorders in the epidemiological
               | literature are too large to be explained only by
               | mutations. They conclude that a model in which parents
               | with a genetic liability to psychiatric illness tend to
               | reproduce later better explains the literature.[9]
               | 
               | > Later age at parenthood is also associated with a more
               | stable family environment, with older parents being less
               | likely to divorce or change partners.[43] Older parents
               | also tend to occupy a higher socio-economic position and
               | report feeling more devoted to their children and
               | satisfied with their family.[43] On the other hand, the
               | risk of the father dying before the child becomes an
               | adult increases with paternal age.[43]
               | 
               | > According to a 2006 review, any adverse effects of
               | advanced paternal age "should be weighed up against
               | potential social advantages for children born to older
               | fathers who are more likely to have progressed in their
               | career and to have achieved financial security."[63]
        
               | dh2022 wrote:
               | It seems kids procreated by older parents (aged 35 years
               | or older) have increased risk of Down Syndrome. The
               | effect is most pronounced when both parents are older
               | than 35 years: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771769/
        
               | kccqzy wrote:
               | How are these two measures different? Oocyte formation
               | happens before birth.
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | I believe freezing eggs is considered to be keeping them
               | at the age they were when frozen?
        
             | arkey wrote:
             | > they often lack patience, where to us it just comes
             | natural.
             | 
             | Having kids fast-tracked me to a critical increase in
             | patience. I've grown so much in less than three years
             | because of my kids. I'm not sure this growth would have
             | ever happened so quickly through other means.
             | 
             | And I'll always have a special, particular respect
             | especially towards my firstborn for causing that in me, and
             | for enduring my shortcomings in the meantime.
        
             | sethammons wrote:
             | My wife and I had our first at age 15. Then another at 22.
             | And our last at 27. I've raised children while on welfare
             | and while a software engineer.
             | 
             | I was more patient as a teen than I am now in my 40s. Now I
             | am tired. All the time. I fear I would literally die of
             | exhaustion if I had to maintain more irregular hours than I
             | already do due to insomnia that I have developed over the
             | last half decade.
        
               | wiether wrote:
               | The condition you're in now is a result of what you went
               | through previously.
               | 
               | Someone with no one to care about until their 40s is
               | supposed to be in a much better shape than someone who
               | raised three kids for the last +25 years.
               | 
               | Congrats on making it though, I completely understand why
               | you would feel tired all the time!
        
             | TacticalCoder wrote:
             | > I got my son at almost 40, and I'm positive I'm a much
             | better parent because of that.
             | 
             | I think so too. Now to be sure to balance things, while I
             | was 42 when we had our kid, my wife was only 28.
             | 
             | 10 years later and things are still great.
        
           | pamelafox wrote:
           | I had my children at 36 and 38, and I'm the mother, and
           | energy-wise, I've had no issues. Yes, they considered me to
           | be of "advanced maternal age" in the OB department and gave
           | me special treatment due to it, but my doctors told me that
           | the "advanced maternal age" threshold (35) was based off
           | outdated research anyway. In the bay area, most of the
           | mothers I've met were around that age, and my friends are
           | having their kids at the same age.
           | 
           | It was really nice that I had time to establish my career and
           | figure things out before having kids.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | > In the bay area, most of the mothers I've met were around
             | that age, and my friends are having their kids at the same
             | age
             | 
             | San Francisco has the highest rate of geriatric pregnancies
             | in USA. We are in a statistical bubble where having kids
             | late is normal (because careers and hcol).
             | 
             | https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mother-birth-
             | age...
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Bubble implies that it's going to burst. I don't see it.
               | Women aren't going to stop wanting careers, and HCOL is
               | coming for everybody. I expect the whole country to join
               | SF in this "bubble".
        
               | TeaBrain wrote:
               | Bubble in this context means a unique environment that is
               | unlike places on the outside of said bubble. It's not
               | referring to a bubble like in the sense of a inflating
               | market bubble.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | The desire to work and have children is going nowhere.
               | Like Hollywood, the careers are going to go away. The
               | money that lubricates the Bay Area is all from the Middle
               | East now, and the return on in-region labor dollars is
               | declining.
        
               | froohmb wrote:
               | I'm sure the return on in region labor dollars decline
               | that you note is real but is it regional? Where in the US
               | is the return on labor dollars not declining? Housing
               | costs, including taxes, seems to be the big problem in
               | the Bay Area. Workers are still productive, but they
               | require higher pay to offset the demand for housing
               | caused by all the foreign "lubrication" and tech-49ers.
        
               | kgwxd wrote:
               | The US is already a bubble. Government is currently
               | trying to make it burst as fast as possible. Getting back
               | to the point where what women want doesn't matter again.
               | HCOL will be a luxury term, life in debtors prisons will
               | be the new norm.
        
             | 999900000999 wrote:
             | The issue here is this can lead people to pushing it till
             | 40+.
             | 
             | I was talking to a nice girl up until she mentioned still
             | wanting kids in her late 40s. Maybe I'm old school, but
             | telling someone you froze your eggs the same day you meet
             | them is weird.
             | 
             | Society itself is broken. You SHOULD be able to graduate
             | high school and make enough to support yourself and a
             | family with a bit of struggle.
             | 
             | This rapidly transformed into no, get your masters, get 8
             | years of experience. Earn at least 300k as a couple. Then
             | and only then should you consider a family. Childcare is 3k
             | plus a month in many places.
             | 
             | For myself , I wish I made this happen in my mid 20s. I had
             | to move back home to take care of a family member (fck
             | cancer) and I suffered various personal setbacks due to it.
             | 
             | In my 30s I've let go of expecting anything. This world has
             | already given me so much.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | Nobody said you should wait that long. As for your
               | anecdote, what's wrong with figuring out early during
               | dating whether you plan on having children or not? People
               | _should_ talk about those things early, since there is
               | hardly anything that makes a relationship more
               | incompatible long term, and leads to more (even mutual)
               | heartbreak and sorrow than having to break up with a
               | person solely because their most uncompromisable life
               | plan differs.
               | 
               | In my 20s, it felt indeed weird to bring that up early
               | for me, because I wasn't ready yet and didn't even really
               | know what I wanted yet. Later in life, when dating we
               | always talked about potential family planning and general
               | outlook on life early. (Unless it was never meant to be a
               | serious relationship to begin with.)
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | Yeah, this is exactly something to discuss early. My wife
               | and I were on the same page from earlier in dating about
               | having kids in our 20s.
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | Absolutely. It serves as a filter, if people are being
               | honest. It also highlights the bizarre dating culture and
               | view of life we've adopted. This dating culture has
               | produced a good deal of rotten fruit.
               | 
               | The _ultimate_ purpose of dating is to meet your future
               | spouse. We 're turned it into some kind of senseless
               | sexual escapade, and this has poisoned the relations
               | between men and women. It makes them exploitative and
               | dehumanizing in spirit: sprinkling them with the waters
               | of "consent" doesn't change that, as the subjective
               | cannot abolish the objective. We've reduced sex to
               | something that is merely pleasurable and _contradicted_
               | its intrinsic and essential function which is procreative
               | by employing an array of technologies that impede and
               | interfere with healthy procreative processes. This
               | creates a mindset not unlike that of a drug user who is
               | obsessed with getting another hit with no thought given
               | to the damage, or the bulimic who wants the sensual
               | satisfaction of eating, but not the calories.
               | 
               | The psychophysical reality of sexual intercourse is much
               | more than some passing physical pleasure. It mobilizes
               | processes in us that are completely oriented toward
               | bonding and the strengthening of the relationship in
               | preparation for children. Whence the stereotype that men
               | will often exit quickly in the morning after a one night
               | stand with a strange woman? Because both can feel, if
               | only subconsciously, that the processes of bonding are
               | taking place, and who wants to bond -- and in such a
               | profound and intimate way -- with someone they've just
               | met? In this regard, the character of Julianna in
               | _Vanilla Sky_ makes an astoundingly profound and accurate
               | remark for a movie coming out of Hollywood:  "Don't you
               | know when you sleep with someone, your body makes a
               | promise whether you do or not?" Our capacity for sexual
               | intimacy is likewise dulled.
               | 
               | (Masturbation is even worse. Those processes bond us with
               | a fictional harem of the imaginary and close us within
               | ourselves. For social animals like us, this is a recipe
               | for misery.)
               | 
               | We thwart and ignore our biological nature to our own
               | detriment. The procreative prime spans the mid-twenties
               | into the early 30s. _Statistically_ , most people should
               | be having families by their mid-20s. Our culture confuses
               | people and creates a pointless obstacle course that leads
               | them to postpone such things either because they're too
               | immature (and encouraged to remain so, also by this
               | unserious dating culture) or because they believe they
               | must achieve some arbitrary milestones first.
               | Furthermore, family and community support has been dashed
               | by a culture of hyperindividualism.
               | 
               | The causes of demographic decline are not a mystery.
               | People simply either don't think deeply enough, or they
               | don't want to make the cultural changes necessary to
               | restore normalcy.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | This is a much more reasonable position than many will
               | believe. I think writing like a 19th century nonfiction
               | author probably contributes to that aha
               | 
               | Edit:
               | 
               | To be clear I appreciate this comment and agree with it
               | in the large. It's hard to talk about these things
               | without being quickly dismissed in the current zeitgeist.
        
               | tsunamifury wrote:
               | You have far too much of an obsession with sex here and
               | really need to stop and take a breath.
               | 
               | Dating culture is evolved to help you find a mate based
               | on YOUR choices and capability not your parents or class
               | level. This allows you to "trial" compatibility over
               | shorter time and find better fits.
               | 
               | What you seem to be talking about is 'Online Hookup
               | Culture' which is more of a hobby if we are being honest
               | than a way of finding a mate. And ultimately probably
               | STILL better when faced with a society increasingly not
               | finding mates or having kids at all. So basically all of
               | your thoughts are self-contradictory due to a bit of self
               | righteousness here.
               | 
               | Please don't let your hangups around sex (correct or not)
               | become a world view. It's not a healthy obsession.
        
               | RankingMember wrote:
               | > Masturbation is even worse[...] We thwart and ignore
               | our biological nature to our own detriment.
               | 
               | Masturbation is part of our biological nature and has
               | been occurring for millions of years. Every primate does
               | it.
        
               | tenebrisalietum wrote:
               | Sexual escapades are only senseless if you rigidly
               | believe sex is only for specific things, and adopt a
               | model where human beings are property and can be owned.
               | While sex does have a biological purpose, that in itself
               | doesn't mean it has to be limited to that purpose.
               | 
               | Sex is fun and most sex doesn't lead to procreation, nor
               | is intended to. The last 50 times I've had sex, me and
               | partner(s) involved have had no intention of making a
               | baby, and that's fine. Nature/God agrees with me, because
               | the number of children most families have are typically
               | far less than the number of times the parents have had
               | sex.
               | 
               | There's a lot of times people want sex and don't want it
               | to be some big life changing event. I won't marry someone
               | like that.
               | 
               | > This creates a mindset not unlike that of a drug user
               | who is obsessed with getting another hit
               | 
               | Everyone wants pleasurable things with a minimum of bad
               | or unwanted consequences. This is called being smart and
               | using your God-given brain and free will. This doesn't
               | make anyone a drug user. This puritanical war on pleasure
               | can only serve authoritarian and anti-human ends, which
               | is often an explicit or implicit base of forms of
               | slavery/indenture, and is the main reason why I strongly
               | advocate against it.
               | 
               | > The psychophysical reality of sexual intercourse is
               | much more than some passing physical pleasure.
               | 
               | Anything that feels really good will beget attachment
               | because you want more of it. When it's attached to a
               | person, you're going to want to be around that person
               | more. And of course, human beings are naked apes with
               | courtship and bonding instincts and all that good stuff.
               | But people bond over things other than sex, and any good
               | relationship or marriage will have many bonds other than
               | the sexual one. Indeed, marriages where sex is the only
               | reason they got together are as hollow as this drug user
               | strawman you trotted out.
               | 
               | > Masturbation is even worse.
               | 
               | People who become overly dependent on parasocial
               | relationships with fictional anything, whether that's a
               | harem, video game, movie star, person mentioned in a
               | religious book, etc. need help. I masturbate from time to
               | time and it does not give me any problems, but I'm not
               | addicted to it. But I would rather lonely people
               | masturbate themselves into a coma than sexually assault
               | others simply because of people who will say masturbation
               | is wrong but at the same time won't consider other things
               | like legalizing prostitution.
               | 
               | > they don't want to make the cultural changes necessary
               | to restore normalcy.
               | 
               | I don't. The old way sucked. Robots and AI should be
               | doing all our menial work, and the possibilities for
               | pleasure are endless. The people who just can't exist
               | without an employer giving them meaning because they
               | never got enough approval from their daddies need to move
               | to another planet.
        
               | 999900000999 wrote:
               | This wasn't even a first date, it was like she said hi to
               | me at an event and just started taking about having a
               | family.
               | 
               | Felt really awkward for small talk.
               | 
               | My point was the economy should support having a family
               | in your 20s if that's what you want to do. You shouldn't
               | need a well paid career, a quality lifestyle that
               | supports a family should be available for everyone.
               | 
               | I imagine universal health care, paid family leave ( for
               | months not weeks) and affirmative (free?) childcare could
               | bring that gap.
               | 
               | At a point it isn't even an age issue. A lot of people
               | will never earn enough to really support a family, and
               | that's a failure of the social contract.
               | 
               | You should be able to get a job as a Walmart clerk, have
               | your partner work part time and still afford to have a
               | family.
               | 
               | I think I've muddled my own point here, but it should be
               | easier. Maybe that Walmart clerk could own a house ?!
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | I do agree with your point about society. The reason we
               | waited are way beyond monetary issues, and we would have
               | waited regardless, but people should be able to support a
               | family without an "advanced" career if they choose so.
        
               | gus_tpm wrote:
               | I think it would be hard to find someone that does not
               | agree with you on the street.
               | 
               | These conversations should not need to happen but they do
               | because of the current inequality that exists. A couple
               | can't change the world so they talk about these things
               | since it's their best option
        
               | theoreticalmal wrote:
               | Sounds like her biological clock was ticking very very
               | loudly
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | Society does kinda support this. People with low-paying
               | jobs actually have the most kids. You just need more
               | income if you want to have kids at a good time _and_ send
               | them to higher-end schools, including K-12.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > For myself , I wish I made this happen in my mid 20s. I
               | had to move back home to take care of a family member
               | (fck cancer) and I suffered various personal setbacks due
               | to it.
               | 
               | I hear ya. My spouse developed mental illness after sons
               | 4,5 were born. A spouse can sabotage a lot of things when
               | they set their mind to it - and their mind never stops.
               | Not even at 3am. The first year was hard. The second was
               | harder. After 5ys we run out of adjectives. After 15y
               | we're using Dr.Seuss letters to spell out how things are.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | What was the nature of her illness and was it directly
               | related to the kids? If you don't mind me asking, of
               | course. That sounds like a very challenging thing all the
               | best
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > What was the nature of her illness
               | 
               | Psychosis, bipolar, BPD, NPD, pretty much all the *PDs.
               | She switched it up.
               | 
               | > was it directly related to the kids
               | 
               | As in stemmed from? No.
               | 
               | As far as challenge related to the kids, it was 1)
               | keeping the them as safe as possible when she was not and
               | 2) proving some semblance of parenting. Both were
               | difficult-to-impossible, given that kids are trapped at
               | home, thanks to eradication of free range areas.
        
               | wredcoll wrote:
               | > Society itself is broken. You SHOULD be able to
               | graduate high school and make enough to support yourself
               | and a family with a bit of struggle
               | 
               | This has literally only been true for about 30 years out
               | of the sum total of human history, would you like to
               | guess _when_ those 30 years happened to be?
               | 
               | Obviously the answer is "1950s america".
               | 
               | For the rest of human history, you needed something
               | beyond the education you received until the age of 18 in
               | order to support a family.
        
               | wizee wrote:
               | People supported families with single incomes with less
               | than high school education for centuries before the
               | 1950s.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | All the other members of the family were active and
               | produced useful things - both kids and women. The iddle
               | lifestyle was limited to richer classes.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | In foraging societies - ie, most people for the vast
               | majority of human history - people worked ~15-20
               | hours/week on subsistence tasks. The rest was leisure or
               | social time (ie, time for being a human later rebranded
               | as 'idleness').
               | 
               | Industrialization has pushed inequality to extremes while
               | _raising_ hours worked - even as productivity keeps
               | shooting up. There 's no good reason for people to
               | tolerate this; it's just exploitation.
        
               | _benton wrote:
               | You can still do this now, it's just called "being
               | homeless" and it actually sucks.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | A, being homeless and being in a gatherer society are
               | very different things.
               | 
               | And B, even if you wanted to live that way you can't any
               | more; because the commons has been relentlessly exploited
               | past its breaking point for centuries.
               | 
               | I shouldn't really have to explain any of this, but
               | people generally seem to have some weird ideas and blind
               | spots surrounding our history as a species.
        
               | _benton wrote:
               | In many countries the only obstacle is the legality of
               | living on government lands. In Canada there are people
               | living a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle on crown land.
               | The option is totally available for many people who chose
               | not to do it.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | > the only obstacle is the legality of living on
               | government lands
               | 
               | Yes, the obstacle of living illegally on land that has
               | been systematically over-exploited for centuries (or too
               | harsh to bother), without any community or experience.
               | Not sure I'm seeing your point.
        
               | _benton wrote:
               | People do it so it's definitely possible. Most people
               | chose not to do it because it's a hard life with a
               | horrible quality of life. Being a hunter-gatherer and
               | living a nomadic life is not and was never easy or fun.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Those hours worked are carefully defining a lot of work
               | away. Most things people eat need hours of preparation
               | that isn't counted in you 15-20 hours for example. When
               | you relook at what people did most of the time you
               | realize they had to work really hard for a lot more hours
               | to survive.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | Look man if you want to write a refutation of Marshall
               | Sahlins' work, go ahead. I might even read it. But I'm
               | not going to just take the word of a random commentator -
               | are you even in anthropology?
               | 
               | Like, this is a broad consensus thing. There's not really
               | much debate; ethnographic studies have backed it up.
               | Where are you getting your info from?
        
               | Avshalom wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_affluent_society#C
               | rit...
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | There seem to be two main points of critique there:
               | 
               | 1. That there was war and war sucked; disease; and also
               | infant mortality was high - therefore life sucked back
               | then. None of that really factors in to the debate of how
               | much free time people had; and those thing are all still
               | very much with us (especially in America).
               | 
               | 2. That food prep and gathering firewood takes time.
               | Well, gathering firewood is also known as 'going for a
               | walk in nature', and it's actually good for you. You can
               | chat with your friends while you do it. It's not like
               | your average job. It might not be technically 'idle', but
               | it's a lot closer to 'idle' than flipping burgers in a
               | sweatbox.
               | 
               | Same with food prep - picking through some dried beans,
               | or stirring a pot every 30 mins and making sure it
               | doesn't boil over, while you tell stories around the
               | table just isn't comparable to working in an Amazon
               | warehouse pissing into plastic bottles.
               | 
               | It's critique, and you can buy it if you want; but
               | there's nothing there I would call substantial.
        
               | Avshalom wrote:
               | 1. how many hours a day would _you_ work if it meant not
               | watching 6 of your 7 children die.
               | 
               | 2. How'd you get those dried beans out of their pods?
               | Where'd you get that pot? Where'd you get the water?
               | 
               | 3. You didn't actually read the critique did you, you the
               | wikipedia paragraph characterizing the critiques.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | 1. The choice isn't between having free time and having
               | modern maternity care. And it's not what was being
               | debated. Like, yeah, antibiotics and anesthetic are great
               | to have, but working 40+ hours a week isn't a
               | prerequisite for them to exist so I have no idea why
               | you're bringing it up.
               | 
               | 2. Sitting around the table, singing songs, telling
               | stories, or quietly reflecting; all working at my own
               | pace, in the comfort of a home that's been owned outright
               | for generations, surrounded by organic soil free from
               | pesticides and plastic.
               | 
               | 3. I read your link, not every cited article. I've
               | personally _lived_ that way, and I know what I 'm talking
               | about. There's a big difference between shucking corn
               | with your family or stacking logs, and shuffling numbers
               | at a bullshit job which exists to make two or three
               | incredibly rich people thousands of miles away a tiny bit
               | wealthier. That said, if there's something more you'd
               | like to bring to the discussion, bring it.
        
               | Avshalom wrote:
               | Where'd the corn come from? hunter gatherers had teosint.
               | How'd you turn a tree into logs? Where'd the house come
               | from, where'd the table come from?
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | You've taken the position that there's some issue with
               | _original affluent society_ but none of the points you
               | 're raising run counter either to it or to the adjacent
               | observation that modern quality of life almost certainly
               | doesn't require anywhere near the hours worked at
               | present. Unless you consider economic inequality to be a
               | prerequisite for it anyway.
        
               | kulahan wrote:
               | You're not really responding to what he's saying. You're
               | sitting at the middle of the story, where the family is
               | no longer surviving, but rather thriving. It's probably
               | possible to do this, but it's a difficult stage to reach,
               | and maintaining it requires a LOT of resources.
               | 
               | And anyways, if you're a hunter-gatherer, you're
               | following your prey, not sitting around growing corn to
               | be shucked while you sing songs or whatever.
               | 
               | By the way, my buddies and I tell each other stories at
               | work all the time? You can do this at work too, you know.
               | What you seem to be doing is imagining a world where
               | you've outsourced all your labor to "it'll get done"
               | land, then combined hunter-gatherer lifestyles with
               | agrarian lifestyles
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > Most things people eat need hours of preparation that
               | isn't counted in you 15-20 hours for example.
               | 
               | Yeah, and we now expect women to work 40+ hour work weeks
               | _and_ house work on top of that. _That_ is the thing
               | causing societal reproduction rates to plummet.
               | 
               | Let's just do the math: a day has 24 hours. The
               | recommendation for healthy sleep is 8 hours. Then, you
               | work for 8 hours, with 1 hour added for the unpaid lunch
               | break. That's the two largest blocks, leaving 7 hours to
               | distribute... dedicate 3 hours for the "staying alive"
               | stuff (preparing for going to work in the morning, aka
               | breakfast, shave, getting dressed, preparing dinner,
               | eating dinner, have a shower and at least some unwind
               | time to fall asleep).
               | 
               | And that in turn leaves only 4 hours for everything else:
               | running errands (aka shopping, dealing with bureaucracy,
               | disposing of trash, cleaning), just doing nothing to wind
               | down your mind from a hard day at work, hobbies, social
               | activities (talking with your friends and family or
               | occasionally going out) and, guess what, actually having
               | sex.
               | 
               | Easy to see how that's already a fully packed day.
               | Society just took the productivity gains from women no
               | longer having to deal with a lot of menial work (washing
               | dishes and clothing, as that got replaced by machines,
               | and repairing clothes) and redistributed these hours to
               | capitalism.
               | 
               | And now, imagine a child _on top_ of that. Add at least
               | half an hour in the morning to help get the kid ready for
               | school, an hour to drive the kid to errands (because
               | public transit is more like  "transhit"), and another two
               | hours to help the kid with homework because that workload
               | is ridiculous and you don't want the kid to fall behind
               | kids of parents rich enough to afford private tutors.
               | But... whoops, isn't that just about the entire
               | "everything else" time block? And younger children need
               | even more work, constantly changing nappies, going to the
               | doctor's all the time because it's one new bug every new
               | week and sometimes the bug also catches _you_ cold...
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | You're inventing sexism where there isn't any. The men
               | who expect their wives to work 40+ hour weeks are not (at
               | least as a group) the ones dumping all housework and
               | childcare on them.
               | 
               | The time constraints that come with a dual income
               | certainly make the logistics of having children more
               | difficult though.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | How many hours a day would you estimate that primates in
               | the wild "work"? Without commenting on quality of life it
               | seems readily apparent to me that many foraging animals
               | have large amounts of leisure time.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Who said anything about the idle lifestyle?
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Implied by "single income".
               | 
               | In reality in most families all family members were
               | contributing something to the household income.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | No they didn't, read some history. 'Cottage industry' and
               | 'child labor' are good search terms to use.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | You might want to brush up on your history.
               | 
               | Aside from the peer comment pointing out the bleedingly
               | obvious, there's also a bit of history here:
               | In 1907 Justice Henry Bourne Higgins, President of the
               | Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Court, set the
               | first federally arbitrated wages standard in Australia.
               | Using the Sunshine Harvester Factory as a test case,
               | Justice Higgins took the pioneering approach of hearing
               | evidence from not only male workers but also their wives
               | to determine what was a fair and reasonable wage for a
               | working man to support a family of five.
               | Higgins's ruling became the basis for setting Australia's
               | minimum wage standard for the next 70 years.
               | 
               | that you're clearly unaware of.
               | 
               | * https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-
               | moments/resources/harvester-...
               | 
               | * https://www.fwc.gov.au/about-us/history/waltzing-
               | matilda-and...
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvester_case
        
               | chownie wrote:
               | Can a man support a family of 5 on minimum wage in
               | Australia, or did it stop working?
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | Minimum wage is more complicated in Australia. There are
               | effectively minimum wage levels set per profession, known
               | as awards.
               | 
               | This is the list of awards:
               | https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employment-
               | conditions/awards/lis... it's pretty extensive
               | 
               | Each award is also complex, and covers a range of issues
               | in the employment. For example, this is the Professional
               | Employee award:
               | https://awards.fairwork.gov.au/MA000065.html just working
               | out what the minimum wage would be for a graduate
               | engineer with 2 years experience is a complex, detailed
               | matter.
               | 
               | But yes, probably, for most professions you could
               | reasonably expect to support a family of 5 on the award,
               | depending on location and definition of "support".
               | Affording a house would largely depend on an additional
               | inheritance, though.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | Is "inheritance" used in a different way here similar to
               | how "award" is, or are you saying you often need to
               | inherit money from your family in order to be able to buy
               | a house in Australia?
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > or are you saying you often need to inherit money from
               | your family in order to be able to buy a house in
               | Australia?
               | 
               | Tell me a place in any Western society (outside of run-
               | down rural areas/flyover states) where an average
               | employee (i.e. no ultra-rich tech hipster bros) is able
               | to afford a home before the age of 30 purely by his own
               | savings and income. That is frankly no longer a reality
               | for most people.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | You seem pretty defensive over me asking whether a word
               | was used in the way I expect it was.
        
               | erikerikson wrote:
               | For most of human history, there were no formal schools.
        
               | ath3nd wrote:
               | > Obviously the answer is "1950s america".
               | 
               | And the 50s to 80s anywhere else in the civilized world.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | It does not have to be a replica of of 50s society
               | though. In particular, I do not think the model of "men
               | go out to work, women look after home and kids" is a
               | great one.
               | 
               | There are lot of alternatives. Men can be primary parents
               | (I was, once the kids got to about the age of eight or
               | so, and was an equal parent before that) and they could
               | stay at home (I continued working, but I was already
               | self-employed and working from home, and my ex never
               | worked after having children).
               | 
               | I think the ideal set up (it would have been so for me)
               | would have been for both parents to work part time.
               | 
               | Of course it still comes back to, you should be able to
               | raise a family on the equivalent of one full time income.
               | 
               | Of course, if the leisured society predicted a few
               | decades ago had come to pass it would be one part time
               | salary.
        
               | ath3nd wrote:
               | > I think the ideal set up (it would have been so for me)
               | would have been for both parents to work part time.
               | 
               | Beautifully said, very progressive also!
               | 
               | I am a big fan of the 4-day work week (for the same
               | amount of money as 5 days), it's been transformative for
               | my life. The extra energy and focus you get from that 1
               | day translates to higher productivity in the 4 days where
               | you do work. Sadly, the current "squeeze em', bleed em'
               | dry, and drop em'" brand of capitalism is incompatible
               | with the majority of the people to experience how good
               | life can be like that.
               | 
               | I certainly ain't looking forward to them raising the
               | retirement age to 1337 by the time I get to retire.
               | 
               | It's like a race where they repeatedly move the finishing
               | line because the organizers took the medals and sold
               | them, while waiting for you to drop dead so they don't
               | have to give you what you are due.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | Who wouldn't be a fan of 80% of the work for 100% of the
               | pay? It's a built-in raise equal to or greater than what
               | you'd get from changing jobs, without the switch in
               | seniority or experience.
        
               | ryoshoe wrote:
               | A 4 day work week can always be implemented as 4 10 hour
               | days instead of 5 8 hour days.
        
               | ath3nd wrote:
               | > Who wouldn't be a fan of 80% of the work for 100% of
               | the pay?
               | 
               | If you, as an employer, want a motivated, energetic
               | workforce who are not slacking off, it's also in your
               | interest to give that opportunity to your employees, as
               | multiple experiments have shown that 4-day work results
               | in increased productivity and employee retention.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Knowledge work does not have 1-1 correspondence between
               | time spent and productivity. Things get VERY non-linear,
               | to the point that more than 50 hours of real knowledge
               | work a week is often LESS productive than 40 hours.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The model of men work while women watch the kids was most
               | of history. Of course is completely ignors 'womens work'
               | which was very needed for survival and defined by things
               | you could do while also watching kids. for the first few
               | years kids eat from mom so she cannot get far from them
               | (after that she is probably pregnaunt again thus
               | restarting the cycle). Mens work was anything that needed
               | to be done that could not be done when pregaunt or
               | nursing a kid.
               | 
               | today men have the ability to watch kids thanks to
               | formula (though it is better for the kids to eat from mom
               | - this is rarely talked about because it is easy to go
               | too far and starve a baby to death in the exceptions).
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Huh? Maybe that's when you saw people on TV for the first
               | time.
               | 
               | High school was advanced education in 2000. Basic
               | education ended around grade 6-8.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | No reasonable person considered high school advanced
               | education in the 70's let alone 2000. If 85%+ of people
               | get it for half a century, it is by definition not
               | advanced.
               | 
               | https://www.brookings.edu/wp-
               | content/uploads/2020/02/Grad-ra...
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Whoops, that was a typo, i meant 1900 :)
        
               | meheleventyone wrote:
               | Whether something should be the case has little bearing
               | on whether it has been the case for any length of time
               | particularly in something as flexible as the organization
               | of society. It should largely be fine to point at
               | something and say "I would like things to work this way"
               | and try to organize society in that direction.
        
               | tuna74 wrote:
               | That was only true for 1950s USA if you were a white male
               | with a pretty good job and a wife staying home taking
               | care of the kids.
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | In less wealthy countries, usually the compromise is that
               | husbands are significantly older than their wives. A
               | woman is ready for marriage at 16-20 but a man isn't
               | ready until 25-35. Also they don't own single-family
               | houses unless they're in totally rural areas.
        
               | kashunstva wrote:
               | > this can lead people to pushing it till 40+
               | 
               | ...which is not necessarily problematic either. I was 43
               | and my wife 41 when our daughter was born. Our child has
               | had a great life and so have we. While I'm 60 now and
               | don't have quite the same energy I had at
               | 20-30'something, everything has worked out well for us.
               | 
               | Everyone's path, goals and priorities is different and as
               | long as would-be parents consider the trade offs all
               | around, it's hard to be prescriptive about this.
               | 
               | > Society itself is broken. You SHOULD be able to
               | graduate high school and make enough to support yourself
               | and a family with a bit of struggle.
               | 
               | No argument there. The complex socioeconomic forces that
               | has created this dilemma are going to tough to unwind.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Some of it is economics but some of it is the structure
               | of relationship choice. Feminist scholar Eva Illouz in
               | _Why Love Hurts_ talks about the reasons why women find
               | it hard to get into committed relationships where they
               | feel safe having children:
               | 
               | https://www.amazon.com/Why-Love-Hurts-Sociological-
               | Explanati...
               | 
               | Not least the idea that if you keep dating you can find
               | somebody better than you've found so far -- a problem
               | that's worse in large cosmopolitan cities where the
               | dating pool is large and perceived to be large.
        
               | giardini wrote:
               | Society is not "broken" whatever that means.
               | 
               | Half the population has an IQ less than 100. Do not
               | expect the low-IQ group to _ever_ get a masters or earn
               | 300K as a couple, etc.
               | 
               |  _Caveat_ - this may have to be amended due to the
               | watering-down of educational standards in the USA.
        
             | anitil wrote:
             | I wish they called it "advanced maternal age" here. They
             | use the delightful phrase "Geriatric pregnancy" in
             | Australia
        
               | zafka wrote:
               | My wife is a retired nurse ( American ), she uses that
               | term when referring to such pregnancies.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | It's just the technical medical term. I don't think
               | "advanced maternal age" is much better (advanced age at
               | 35?). Besides, advanced age is exactly what geriatric
               | means.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | Mother's age of 35 at estimated due date.
               | 
               | So, if the due date is beyond your 35th birthday but you
               | give birth early it's still a advanced maternal age
               | pregnancy.
        
               | Always42 wrote:
               | so people feel better about having kids when its riskier?
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | It also depends on your health and fitness.
             | 
             | My ex-wife was 37, and I was an year older, when our
             | younger one was born and energy was not the problem so I
             | agree with you that 35+ should not be a problem.
             | 
             | However, a lot of people are having kids significantly
             | older than that.
             | 
             | I not know whether I could cope with a baby 20 years later.
             | Contrary to stereotypes I used to get up faster and more
             | fully if a baby cried in the night. On the other hand,
             | having a baby might energise and motivate me! Not planning
             | to try it out though!
        
             | ncruces wrote:
             | You'll probably be 80 by the time your oldest grandkid
             | enters kindergarten. How energetic will we be in our 80s?
             | That's the bit that's scary to me.
        
             | jorts wrote:
             | Same here. The issue is mainly the likelihood of getting
             | pregnant after about 36, from what the fertility folks
             | shared with us. It drops off a cliff.
        
           | Karrot_Kream wrote:
           | Obviously I think the answer to this question depends so much
           | on individual circumstances that all any of us can do is
           | offer anecdotes. I think that while energy levels do decline
           | as you get older, the degree of the decline depends largely
           | on how much you stay in shape. My partner and I are very
           | active and find ourselves only marginally less physically
           | energetic in our 30s as our 20s. I've seen friends of ours
           | with more sedentary lifestyles having a much sharper decline.
           | If you're inclined to stay in shape then I don't think age
           | makes as big of a difference (within reason.) But YMMV.
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | > A kid had at 40 will still be depending on your when you
           | are 55
           | 
           | I had my kids 25-35; all 5 are adults. We live together as is
           | befitting a 4 income economy.
           | 
           | > and if the kids goes to college
           | 
           | Do you mean go away to college? Yeah. No.
           | 
           | > may have some dependency on you when your peers are
           | retiring.
           | 
           | Me and peers are all working grey. End of career happens with
           | first major illness intersects with the lack of health
           | insurance and we die.
           | 
           | > Plus if your kids have kids
           | 
           | If one of my a sons pairs off with someone and they both
           | work, they'll still be 2 typical incomes short of self
           | sustenance.
           | 
           | BUT, if they got married and then married another couple, the
           | 4 of them only have to find one more adult - the one who will
           | parent during the work day. After the last child enters
           | school, the core 4 can kick parent 5 to the curb.
           | 
           | > Do not let fear of how much it will cost
           | 
           | No fear. Just math.
           | 
           | > or desire for more resources first
           | 
           | But if they had more resources they might only need 3 or even
           | 2 adults working full time to afford basic bills.
           | 
           | > Do not let ... it ... stop you from having kids when you
           | are still young enough to do well.
           | 
           | Parents can (and do) parent while living in their car...
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | SO what? That is well below retirement age and life
             | expectancy. MY younger one turns 18 when I will be 58, and
             | I am a single parent. Baring accidents or the severely
             | unexpected (which can happen at any age - plenty of people
             | die in the 30s or 40s) its not a problem.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > That is well below retirement age and life expectancy.
               | 
               | What is below RA/LE? My comment addressed common
               | financial realities. It applied to every adult age, up to
               | and including death.
               | 
               | > MY younger one turns 18 when I will be 58
               | 
               | okay.
               | 
               | > and I am a single parent.
               | 
               | You may be interested to know that parenting can be get
               | much harder than that. ex: I would have loved my
               | difficulty level to be dialed down to Single Parent.
               | 
               | > Baring accidents or the severely unexpected
               | 
               | I agree that some folks do experience year after year
               | after year of luck.
               | 
               | > (which can happen at any age - plenty of people die in
               | the 30s or 40s)
               | 
               | I agree that not having life-changing advantage & luck is
               | pretty dang common.
               | 
               | > its not a problem.
               | 
               | What's not a problem? Taken together, your comment seems
               | to be lacking a subject.
               | 
               | I did the best I could. If you could share which of my
               | points you were responding to, that might help.
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | > Don't read the above as advocating having kids too young,
           | it is not.
           | 
           | Depending on the circumstances in a persons country, maybe
           | getting children at a young age isn't that dumb. I'd argue
           | that the best time to get kids is as a university student.
           | You get free daycare, the government doubles your stipend
           | (and it's extended), your housing subsidy increases, you
           | generally have more free time as a student, grandparents are
           | younger and able to help more and you have more energy and
           | can more easily deal with lose of sleep.
           | 
           | As a bonus, when your kids move out, you're not even 40 year
           | olds.
           | 
           | The only real issue is: Have you meet the right partner yet?
        
             | arkey wrote:
             | > I'd argue that the best time to get kids is as a
             | university student. You get free daycare, the government
             | doubles your stipend (and it's extended), your housing
             | subsidy increases, you generally have more free time as a
             | student...
             | 
             | Where... where do you live? I'm all for having kids as soon
             | as possible, but I was barely able to provide for just
             | myself during university.
        
               | mrweasel wrote:
               | I'm in Denmark. You get around $1100 per month from the
               | government as a university student, you then get around
               | the same amount per child (not sure if a couple get half
               | of that each). Still if you're two students, with a
               | child, that's at least $3300 a month. That's not a lot of
               | money, but there are also government loans you can get,
               | and again, free daycare and subsidies for housing. It's
               | not a get rich scheme, but it's also only meant to be
               | temporary i.e. until you finish your studies.
        
               | arkey wrote:
               | That's amazing.
               | 
               | I'm in Spain, absolutely different landscape here. I
               | guess your government is trying to boost both higher
               | education and birth rates.
        
               | mrweasel wrote:
               | Yes and no, the government is trying to steer young
               | people in the direction of engineering, nursing, doctors,
               | teachers and trades (carpenter, bricklayer and so on),
               | but it's not clear where the people are suppose to come
               | from. Essentially Denmark is missing people in also every
               | profession. There aren't enough people. My wife works in
               | a field where unemployment is 12, not percent, but 12
               | people. So if you're unemployed, qualified to work in the
               | EU and have a recognized education, applying for jobs in
               | Denmark isn't a bad bet.
               | 
               | Various governments have also attempted to boost birth
               | rates, but unsuccessfully.
        
               | tuna74 wrote:
               | According to Google the the amount you get per child per
               | month in Denmark is 1450-881 DKK (227-138 USD) depending
               | on the age of the child.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Stupid sexy socialism.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | I concur. Kids would have been much better at 20 than at 30.
           | I can barely keep up with what they want to do now. If you
           | live in a decent country it's not even that expensive. Most
           | states really want people to have children, so the basics are
           | often supported or free.
        
           | sim7c00 wrote:
           | most ppl in my region have kids 35+ in order to first find a
           | place in life that can support children. i don't see any
           | issues with that.
           | 
           | having energy is subjective and does not really depend on
           | being young or old. some old folks are full of energy and
           | live really active lives. It depends on your state of mind
           | and lifestyle more than age.
        
           | grumpymuppet wrote:
           | We were 38 with our first. I strongly agree that is too late
           | to have them, especially given the likelihood of birth
           | defects. Thankfully, we avoided issues there.
           | 
           | A few years in and I feel "back on my feet", but it was
           | harder for being older.
        
           | MaxHoppersGhost wrote:
           | I think having kids when you're in your early 30s is the way
           | to go but having kids at any age is great. I think waiting
           | until later is a mistake because you want a full life with
           | your kids and ideally you can bless your parents with
           | grandkids (they most likely want one, even if they say they
           | don't). But not having kids because you "waited too long" is
           | a bigger mistake.
           | 
           | Kids take a lot of energy but they also give you a lot, no
           | matter the age. We are biologically hardwired to rise to the
           | challenge of having kids no matter the age.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | Lifestyle is key here.
           | 
           | An older friend conveyed to me pretty much the exact same
           | thing you are, that he cannot imagine having kids at 40
           | because you will not be able to keep up with them energy
           | wise. You get old and your body really starts to give in.
           | 
           | Alright Geoff, thanks, but you are 54 and do zero exercise,
           | have a diet of eating out at fast food and fast casual
           | restaurants, a body type that would be described as
           | "meatball", and a list of medical conditions which all scream
           | _lifestyle change_.
           | 
           | Meanwhile at trail running meets, I bump into 60 year olds
           | still giving some 35 year olds a run for their money.
        
             | tsunamifury wrote:
             | This is ridiculous. I'm 40 and in moderately good physical
             | condition (I can lift and run many miles).
             | 
             | I am perfectly capable of keeping up with my kids.
             | 
             | My 72 year old father who is also in good condition keeps
             | up with my 3 year old son.
             | 
             | The difference I see between a reasonably fit 40 year old
             | and not is the massive gap.
        
             | winter_blue wrote:
             | _> Alright Geoff, thanks, but you are 54 and do zero
             | exercise, have a diet of eating out at fast food and fast
             | casual restaurants, a body type that would be described as
             | "meatball", and a list of medical conditions which all
             | scream lifestyle change.
             | 
             | > Meanwhile at trail running meets, I bump into 60 year
             | olds still giving some 35 year olds a run for their money._
             | 
             | Yup, this is very much key.
        
             | CPLX wrote:
             | My son was born when I was 45 and I absolutely could not be
             | more happy about it. I am in way better shape than I was at
             | 30, I finally started taking that seriously, and also I am
             | way wiser, more patient, and have more money.
             | 
             | So if you hear anyone telling you they can't imagine late
             | fatherhood ignore them, they obviously aren't good at
             | imagining things.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | While generally true, you are not the only one aging
               | around you, and some sickness/accident stuff can happen
               | with higher probability as years add up.
               | 
               | The chance you will need to take care of both your kids
               | and your parents in your 50s is pretty high (not even
               | going into you and your partner), while facing declining
               | health yourself.
               | 
               | Could be easily manageable, or not. Ask me in a decade.
               | 
               | But one thing is darn true - if a good long term stable
               | match is not there, no point pushing for kids. World
               | really doesnt need more damaged folks struggling their
               | whole lives to overcome shitty childhood. And thats fine,
               | parenthood is not for everybody and there can be an
               | amazing life to be had instead (and I mean it in best way
               | possible, but that life shouod not be spent behind the
               | desk and on the couch)
        
             | techdmn wrote:
             | Aging sucks! Obviously you can do everything wrong, and
             | mess your body up pretty good. You can also do everything
             | right, and just have bad luck. Lingering injury, hereditary
             | health conditions, things add up. By the time you are in
             | your 60s, it takes a combination of good habits and good
             | luck to be in good shape. It's comforting to point to
             | active older people and say "I'm going to grow up to be
             | just like them". Just aware of survivorship bias.
        
               | Karrot_Kream wrote:
               | Good news: most studies show that adults that do moderate
               | exercise have a lower rate of fall-related injuries in
               | old age than those that do little to no exercise.
        
             | Tade0 wrote:
             | Physical shape is not the same or even proportional to the
             | ability to pull all-nighters.
             | 
             | I know two men 18 years apart in age who became fathers at
             | the same time - two months apart to be exact. Even though
             | the older is an avid gym-goer, it's only the younger who
             | can pull off popping back into full strength after less
             | than 6h of sleep.
        
               | Karrot_Kream wrote:
               | Newborns keep you up but an all-nighter is a stretch.
               | Also, you're looking after your kid and trying to get
               | them to sleep, not trying to churn out code to get
               | something to market/go to prod.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | Both of mine had colic and went through difficult
               | teething. I've pulled all-nighters to deliver something
               | and it's much easier than several weeks of sleepless
               | nights with an infant.
        
             | missinglugnut wrote:
             | >Meanwhile at trail running meets, I bump into 60 year olds
             | still giving some 35 year olds a run for their money.
             | 
             | Interrupt that 60 year old's sleep twice a night with a
             | newborn crying, add a bunch of new responsibilities, and
             | I'll be impressed if he even makes it to the meet.
             | 
             | You're comparing people who have made exercise their #1
             | priority in life to people who have made their kids and
             | supporting their families financially their top 2
             | priorities. It's a bullshit comparison.
        
           | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
           | This is a very good comment. I had my first kid in my mid-20s
           | and my next two in my late 30s.
           | 
           | There are definitely pros and cons, but overall I'd recommend
           | kids in mid- to late-20s.
           | 
           | >However don't wait until you think it is the perfect time.
           | 
           | Yes! There is no perfect time to have kids, but there will
           | definitely be a time when having kids isn't biologically
           | likely anymore
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | there are also age correlated birth defects, the cause of
           | which have not been adequately determined in all cases but
           | the high correlation does suggest a relation.
        
           | Justsignedup wrote:
           | I had a kid at 22, I am now 40 with a kid going to college. I
           | can echo this exact sentiment.
           | 
           | However at 22 I wasn't the experienced person I am today. Nor
           | was I stable, nor could I jump on opportunities like my peers
           | could.
           | 
           | If having a child in your early 20s would mean not losing
           | opportunities in progressing in a career, at least with
           | enough free childcare and food to feed the children, people
           | could be more inclined to have children while they get their
           | life together. Our culture of moving away from home is also a
           | big problem -- having 2 sets of grandparents helping raise a
           | child REALLY helped me at my youth not miss out on youth and
           | still raise my child.
           | 
           | kids between 25-32 is something our society should aim to be
           | as practical and pleasant as possible.
        
             | specialist wrote:
             | Was also a young parent. Empathetic yes to all.
             | 
             | Securing stable health insurance dictated most of my career
             | decisions. I was captive to turrible gigs, had to pass on a
             | lot of opportunities.
             | 
             | Want to revitalize our society?
             | 
             | #1 is Medicare for All. More startups, more risk taking &
             | innovation, higher birth rate, etc.
             | 
             | #2 is childcare. Cheap, plentiful, good quality.
             | 
             | #3 is housing. Again: Cheap, plentiful, good quality. Plus,
             | rentals better suited for young families (eg more 2 & 3
             | bedroom units).
        
               | complianceowl wrote:
               | I think willing to take a cut in one's standard of living
               | so that the mother stays at home and raises the children
               | would revitalize society beyond any of the above-
               | mentioned options.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | > #2 is childcare. Cheap, plentiful, good quality.
               | 
               | This costs infinite money.
               | 
               | It's impossible to scale, because nobody wants an
               | environment where their child is not getting attention
               | from compassionate, engaged adults throughout the day. To
               | get the same level of care as a stay at home parent, you
               | need as many care workers as there are families with
               | young children. And if you pay those workers comparably
               | to the average wage, you need to tax the entire wages of
               | one parent in each family to cover the care costs.
               | 
               | It's probably much cheaper to write checks to families
               | encouraging them to have one parent care for their own
               | children full time.
        
               | markeroon wrote:
               | Most provinces in Canada have $10/day childcare
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | So the workers there are paid $10 / day?
               | 
               | $50 if they're watching 5 kids, $100 for 10, etc.
               | 
               | That's assuming 0 overhead.
        
           | complianceowl wrote:
           | As someone who is 34 with two kids (toddler and newborn), I
           | completely agree with your comment. My wife and I had
           | difficulty having kids, or we would've had them sooner, but I
           | completely agree with having kids before 30. My energy is
           | still solid, don't get me wrong. But it doesn't compare to
           | energy in your 20s. People think too much about the financial
           | aspect. You can continue building and growing financially
           | even with kids, you just need to be smarter and more
           | disciplined. A lot of people use the financial argument, but
           | I think more and more, it is only a cope for not having had
           | kinds sooner. All my kids will be in their 20s when I'm in my
           | 50s; not bad, but having kids in your 20s is the way to go.
        
           | georgeecollins wrote:
           | I think having kids before you are 30 is fine, but we had our
           | second kid when my wife was 36 and it was also fine. I think
           | when you get in your forties as a man or late thirties as a
           | woman it can be tougher.
           | 
           | Also, adopt. Before I was a parent I thought of a child as
           | "mine" because of biology. Really you see that you shape
           | people and form a connection with them because they are part
           | of your family.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | > I think having kids before you are 30 is fine, but we had
             | our second kid when my wife was 36 and it was also fine.
             | 
             | Which is another important point: if you want multiple
             | children you probably want to have your first earlier than
             | you might otherwise.
        
           | emptysongglass wrote:
           | > If you are 25 you should be seriously thinking in the next
           | 2 years, and by 30 have them
           | 
           | I need to push back on this because no one is actually an
           | adult at the age of 25 despite those people wishing it were
           | so. You do not have your shit figured out and assuming a
           | partner of similar age, neither do they. It's only starting
           | in your 30s where you _start_ to understand what it is to be
           | a responsible adult to yourself and to the world.
           | 
           | So please, do not seriously consider having kids in your 20s,
           | for all our sakes.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > no one is actually an adult at the age of 25 despite
             | those people wishing it were so. You do not have your shit
             | figured out
             | 
             | Too strong.
             | 
             | You're an adult who doesn't have their shit figured out.
             | Some people never get it figured out, others take into
             | their 30s, 40s or even 50s.
             | 
             | And then in your 60s, you've got new shit to figure out.
        
               | kulahan wrote:
               | Isn't your brain still forming until you're like... 26?
               | It's probably more correct to say that 25 year olds are
               | children in that case. Other ages are mostly arbitrary.
        
             | NeutralCrane wrote:
             | This is a level of infantilization that I think becomes a
             | self-fulfilling prophecy. People don't magically become
             | adults, they learn to be adults based on the situations
             | they are placed in.
             | 
             | It seems to me like when you move the definition of
             | "adulthood" back to age X, fewer people function like
             | adults prior to age X.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | It's lead.
         | 
         | Lead concentration in America "rapidly increased in the 1950s
         | and then declined in the 1980s" [1]. There is a non-linear
         | discontinuity among kids born in the mid 80s, with linear
         | improvements through to those born in the late 2000s [2].
         | 
         | Arrest rates for violent crimes are highest from 15 to 29 years
         | old (particularly 17 to 23-year olds) [3]. They're particularly
         | low for adults after 50 years old.
         | 
         | We're around 40 years from the last of the high-lead children.
         | 17 years ago is the late 2000s.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S10406...
         | 
         | [2] https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP7932
         | 
         | [3]
         | https://kagi.com/assistant/d2c6fdd5-73dd-4952-ae40-1f36aef1e...
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | Can we blame lead for the US' electoral landscape too?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Can we blame lead for the US' electoral landscape too?_
             | 
             | More of a pet theory, but voters born between 1950 and
             | 1980, boomers and Gen X, have had a well-documented set of
             | policy preferences.
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | What if I told you voters born between nnnn-yyyy had a
               | set of policy preferences?
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | There's supposedly a cycle of attitude between
               | generations. If your parents are X, you want to be Y. If
               | your parents are Y, you want to be Z. If your parents are
               | Z, you want to be X
        
               | jdminhbg wrote:
               | Boomers were essentially statistically indistinguishable
               | from Millennials in the 2024 presidential election:
               | https://www.businessinsider.com/how-generations-voted-
               | trump-...
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | No. You can't blame lead. There is zero justification for
             | making the average person less responsible for their own
             | worldview and choices in leadership.
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | Well, that's the first time I've heard anyone explicitly
               | say they don't want to understand causal factors because
               | it would reduce the ability to tell people they should
               | bootstrap themselves.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | I don't think it shifts the red blue much which is probably
             | what you're getting at.
             | 
             | I think it absolutely affects the quality of politicians we
             | get though. The best that a given generation can offer is
             | probably lower if that generation huffed a lot of lead gas.
             | So as they age out and younger people hit peak career and
             | fill those roles things will probably improve a bit.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | No. Much of the American electoral landscape is still
             | shaped by the systemic remnants of slavery, reconstruction
             | and segregation, and the post-Trump landscape by the
             | cultural trauma of having elected a black president.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | No. Much of the American electoral landscape is still
             | shaped by the systemic remnants of slavery, reconstruction
             | and segregation, and the post-Trump landscape by the
             | cultural trauma of having elected a black president.
             | Although I'm sure all of the lead poisoning didn't help.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | i don't know why there are two copies of this comment
               | now, I didn't post it twice.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | You could, if you wanted to misdiagnose the problem.
             | 
             | You'd have more success blaming COVID inflation and the
             | general public's poor education in economics and lack of
             | understanding _why_ eggs were $3.50 /dozen. (Today they are
             | $6.00/dozen)
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | And abortion access.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | Probably not. That played out in the last wave of crime
             | reduction.
        
           | throwaway_2121 wrote:
           | Lack of boredom is also a factor.
           | 
           | Social media and modern games are keeping them occupied.
        
             | mymythisisthis wrote:
             | People also have fewer possessions worth stealing and
             | trying to hock? It's not like TVs and radios cost that much
             | anymore. People wear less jewelry. Though this is not a
             | significant factor, it might be worth putting on the list
             | still.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | The most valuable things on a person these days (credit
               | cards, phone) are also incredibly easy to lock down and
               | make worthless. Many of the things like jewelry, are also
               | now rendered essentially worthless because a lot of
               | jewelry now is cheaply sourced; pawning off crap from
               | fast fashion is not going to be worth it.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | I was thinking that as I was getting ready to sell my
               | house. I'm not a particularly materialistic person to
               | start with, but there are hardly any physical objects in
               | my home that I value that much besides (a) some photo
               | albums/pictures and yearbooks - and for newer generations
               | these are mostly digital I guess, (b) my violin and (c)
               | my espresso machine and grinder. I guess you could throw
               | my cellphone in there as well - easy to replace but would
               | be a PITA, like losing my wallet. It'd be a pain to
               | replace all my furniture and other stuff but I certainly
               | don't feel any attachment to those things.
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | I feel you. I'm selling my house and I joke that I'll
               | give someone a better deal if they just take everything
               | in it as part of the sale. A suitcase for my clothes, my
               | computer, and some physical mementos is all I need to
               | keep. Even the clothes are optional, but I don't feel
               | like buying a new wardrobe.
               | 
               | My coffee grinder may have been on my list, but I moved
               | countries and the power is incompatible hah.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Right, there has been a huge reduction in home burglaries
               | over the past several decades. The only stuff really
               | worth stealing anymore is cash, drugs, and firearms.
               | 
               | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-021-00284-4
        
               | tayo42 wrote:
               | That's funny to see. Sometimes I get stressed about the
               | lack of security around my house, but I'll stop and
               | think, if someone broke in what would this hypothetical
               | thief actually steal anyway?
        
               | SchemaLoad wrote:
               | Bicycles and tools seem to be the main things still
               | stolen. They are often left unattended locked to poles or
               | in the back of cars which can be easily broken in to, and
               | can be immediately flipped for a lot of money.
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | I was wondering about this the other day. Do people even
               | steal car radios/amps/subs anymore? When I was a kid in
               | the 90s, having your car radio stolen was typical.
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | The more modern equivalent has long been the catalytic
               | converter. I don't know how well legislative efforts to
               | crack down on the resale of used catalytic converters has
               | gone though.
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | Also, TVs have gotten way larger on the screen size,
               | making them harder to transport in a hurry, and are often
               | screwed to the wall.
        
           | strict9 wrote:
           | No it's not. Not entirely anyway.
           | 
           | One thing I've learned in my decades on this planet is that
           | just about never is one explanation for a human condition
           | mostly correct. Lead is a convenient technical explanation
           | that underestimates the impact of upbringing and community.
           | 
           | It doesn't explain a lot of factors of juvenile delinquency
           | that existed for generations before lead service lines or
           | leaded gasoline.
        
             | stubish wrote:
             | Industry and highways and other high sources of lead
             | pollution were built in the areas with higher juvenile
             | delinquency. Not in rich, privileged areas. I think you can
             | also correlate the _rise_ in violent crime to amount of
             | lead contamination in the soil, some articles claiming down
             | to the city block level.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | Which order did these things happen in?
               | 
               | Maybe industry and highways increase lead exposure which
               | leads to crime, or maybe areas already high in crime are
               | cheaper so that's where industry and highways go?
        
           | ericmcer wrote:
           | It is insane to just confidently assert that the only factor
           | in the decrease in crime is Lead. Treating an insanely
           | nuanced issue as an absolute doesn't make your argument more
           | compelling, it is actually kind of baffling.
        
             | YinglingHeavy wrote:
             | But it's so satisfying to one's ego that a single cause is
             | the issue. All complexity of societal changes in the last
             | 50 years can be outmanuevered. Simplification is sexy.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | It's satisfying to know that we've eliminated a major
               | environmental toxin with so many awful effects. It
               | doesn't mean that lead explains everything, but it is a
               | lot better than the "we built enough prisons to lock up
               | all the bad guys, maybe we should build more" alternative
               | hypothesis/proposal I've heard.
        
             | sien wrote:
             | There was a crime decline in many rich countries from the
             | 1990s as well.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_drop#Decline_since_the_
             | e...
             | 
             | Maybe they were doing similar things with lead or something
             | else is a big factor. Perhaps the rise of ever more cheap
             | entertainment for young males who are most likely to commit
             | crime. That's a global thing.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Yes, leaded gasoline was being banned in many rich
               | countries at about the same time, and there's a positive
               | correlation between the year it was banned and the year
               | that violent street crime began to decline.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | So reducing lead exposure immediately changes your brain
               | to do less crime?
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | No, there's an offset of about 18 years, if I remember
               | correctly?
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | I see, so since a large majority of crime is done by
               | young people, peaking between 15-25, they are basically
               | comparing a whole new generation of kids who didn't have
               | developmental brain issues vs their elders.
               | 
               | Were the older people who grew up with lead exposure also
               | experiencing higher rates of impulsive crime in the late
               | >1990s relative to the new and prior generations? That
               | would help eliminate the major differences in
               | economics/culture/politics of their upbringing (for ex:
               | mass flight of families moving to the suburbs to raise
               | their young kids after the 1970s crime wave scared them
               | away).
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | That's an interesting question, and I don't know the
               | answer.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Kids that grew up huffing leaded exhaust are more bad
               | decisions inclined than they would otherwise be. It's not
               | just crime. The most heavily leaded cohort in the US is
               | also known for drunkly crashing their muscle cars and
               | wasting their youth smoking pot in a commune.
               | 
               | Bad decisions like these get less common with age, partly
               | because of consequences (jail, death, etc), partly
               | because getting up to no good requires free time,
               | ambition and freedom, all of which are in shorter supply
               | with age and the resultant responsibilities competing for
               | every individual's supply of these resources.
               | 
               | So if the replacement cohort of people who are coming
               | into prime crime age decline to participate at the same
               | rates the crime rate goes down.
        
             | throwawaycities wrote:
             | Why bother stopping at crime rates with that confidence?
             | 
             | The 1st recorded cases of fatty liver disease and T2D in
             | children were in the 1980's are have continued growing
             | since - lead must have been protecting children's health.
             | 
             | Testosterone has been on a sharp decline during this same
             | time period - lead must promote healthy testosterone
             | production.
             | 
             | Debt of all kinds, from the national debt, to household
             | debt, to student loans debt has increased exponentially and
             | consistently with lead removal - lead must promote
             | financial literacy.
        
               | treyd wrote:
               | If you do the same comparison of the rates of leaded
               | gasoline during childhood to adulthood crime rates across
               | different countries which have different histories of
               | leaded gasoline usage, you notice that the correlation
               | persists. While of course correlation does not imply
               | causation, it's a link that's fairly well-established in
               | literature, it's not a spurious correlation, and we know
               | that lead has concrete neurological effects, so it's
               | plausible from a pharmacological basis.
        
               | throwawaycities wrote:
               | Since 1970 testosterone has declined 1% per year and it's
               | well established higher testosterone is linked to
               | impulsive and violent criminal behavior and in countries
               | like the US crime rate is at a 50 year low correlating
               | with this decline starting 1970.
               | 
               | There are many factors that correlate and potentially
               | contribute to a reduction in incarceration rates.
               | 
               | There are estimated 1.8-1.9M incarcerated. Since 1980 to
               | the present there are well over 1M violent crimes (rape,
               | murder, aggregated assault, robbery) per year. Let's look
               | at another factor that _might_ contribute to falling
               | incarceration rates that tend to explain this discrepancy
               | in incarceration vs total crimes...conviction rates:
               | 
               | Murder: ~57.4% in 1950 vs. ~27.2% in 2023--a ~2.1x
               | difference.
               | 
               | Rape: ~17.3% in 1950 vs. ~2.3% in 2023--a ~7.5x
               | difference.
               | 
               | Aggravated Assualt: ~19.7% in 1950 vs. ~15.9% in 2023--a
               | ~1.2x difference.
               | 
               | The neurological effects of lead don't tend to explain
               | away falling police clearances nor convictions.
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | Where are these conviction rate statistics from? What are
               | they measuring? (is it reporting of crime to a conviction
               | on that crime?)
        
             | chrisbrandow wrote:
             | There have been a lot of studies that show the correlation
             | with lead up and down and varied by lead in different
             | cities countries with different phaseout timelines.
             | 
             | Kevin drum and Rick Bevin both did a ton to lay this out
             | systematically.
             | 
             | As leaving drum has noted, Lead is NOT the only contributor
             | to crime, but it was the cause of the largest variations
             | for most of the 20th century.
        
           | ern wrote:
           | I think lead is nasty stuff, but if it was the single cause
           | of high crime, surely we'd see a similar effect in other
           | domains, like a rebound effect on IQs (another thing lead was
           | blamed for)?
           | 
           | Instead the Flynn Effect seems to have been strongest during
           | the era of high lead, and it's tailing-off now.
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | The only reasonable conclusion is that lead causes crime by
             | making people smarter.
        
               | hellzbellz123 wrote:
               | or maybe intelligence doesn't correlate with likeliness
               | to commit crime?
               | 
               | plenty of criminals are intelligent.
        
             | hellzbellz123 wrote:
             | below study claims test score variances are mostly related
             | too declarative knowledge side note, i wonder how internet
             | had an effect on iq scores.
             | 
             | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160
             | 2...
        
             | hirvi74 wrote:
             | I'm not convinced these tests measure what they claim to.
             | Even assuming they do, IQ scores offer little practical
             | value.
             | 
             | The human body and mind are always adapting, however
             | subtly, to changing environments. So I wonder -- are IQ
             | tests assessing abilities that may no longer be optimal
             | today?
             | 
             | Homer likely had an exceptional memory, as did many ancient
             | Greeks that participated in oral traditions. But how
             | relevant is memorizing epics in the modern world?
        
           | ivanjermakov wrote:
           | Seriously? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_n
           | ot_imply_c...
        
             | treyd wrote:
             | I'll do you one better.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93crime_hypothesis
        
           | kryogen1c wrote:
           | What exactly are you claiming?
           | 
           | Your points say old people have more lead, but then you say
           | young people are more violent. That doesn't square with the
           | articles point that incarceration rates are falling.
        
           | Nopoint2 wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44365162
        
             | Nopoint2 wrote:
             | Let's add an example to illustrate the difference:
             | 
             | Let's say that there is a correlation between the number of
             | flights between London and New York, and the prices of
             | sulfur. The correlation is near perfect.
             | 
             | When your neocortex is working, you ignore it. You can't
             | create any plausible scenario how this could work (it
             | doesn't exist within your latent space) so you don't learn
             | anything from it, it doesn't even register in your brain as
             | anything worthy of notice.
             | 
             | But everybody with the cerebellum only absolutely does
             | learn it. And completely for real, not just as some fun
             | factoid, but as a fact that they know the same way you know
             | that airplanes have wings, and everybody knows it, only you
             | don't.
             | 
             | Then, one day out of nowhere people start buying sulfur.
             | Your questions are met with laughter and mockery "dude,
             | everybody's buying sulfur, are you autistic?". And you
             | don't know, because you haven't even learned the pseudo
             | facts that everybody else bases their reasoning on.
             | 
             | This is only a made up example, but this is exactly how it
             | works.
        
         | spinner34f wrote:
         | The flip-side of an aging society with declining fertility is
         | that older people, with fewer children are likely to be less
         | sympathetic to children, and you could see the incarceration
         | rates increase, or remain steady, as less severe infractions
         | are punished more harshly.
         | 
         | We recently saw this play out in the Queensland, Australia,
         | state election where the opposition party, which was pretty
         | much out of ideas, ran a scare campaign about youth crime in
         | regional areas. Neighbourhood Facebook Groups where CCTV
         | footage of "suspicious youth" are a mainstay and an aging
         | population did the rest of the job and they won the election
         | and passed "adult time for adult crime" laws: whether you agree
         | with these or not, "adult time" in Australia means that the
         | youth incarcerated will be adults in their 20s and 30s when
         | they get out.
         | 
         | The Australian state of New South Wales routinely strip-
         | searches young children, but again, there isn't much outcry.
         | 
         | It will be interesting to see how this plays out elsewhere. The
         | worst case scenario is that kids will be politically
         | scapegoated ("why should childless and aging taxpayers fund
         | education?"), and it leads to a further decline in fertility
         | rates.
        
           | lazyasciiart wrote:
           | Australia has had pretty terrible "jail children like adults"
           | opinions for a long time. Politics in Melbourne constantly
           | turns on fears of youth [black immigrant] crime waves that
           | are making people afraid to leave the house.
           | 
           | https://raisetheage.org.au/
        
             | Nursie wrote:
             | Queensland seems to be making a lot of noise about that at
             | the moment as well.
             | 
             | Seems to be this weird reasoning (and I know it has cropped
             | up in the US too) that - if they did an 'adult' crime they
             | should be tried as an adult. It totally ignores what we
             | know about developing brains - they are not fully
             | developed, they don't consider consequences the same way as
             | older people.
             | 
             | That's not to say they should be allowed to 'get away with
             | it', but we need to take into account that it's not really
             | the same thing as adults doing it.
        
               | worthless-trash wrote:
               | > That's not to say they should be allowed to 'get away
               | with it', but we need to take into account that it's not
               | really the same thing as adults doing it.
               | 
               | However, they -clearly- do get away with it, continually
               | the current method of punishment is not deterring them
               | from crime. These are not 'oh he made poor decisions
               | style crimes', you're not paying attention or are not
               | living in this area if you think so.
               | 
               | I wish i could dig up the study from Townsville crime
               | statistics (this is the closest i could find
               | https://statements.qld.gov.au/statements/101697 )
               | 
               | The key takeway is:
               | 
               | "The residents living in these areas have been let down
               | for too long under the former Government who allowed
               | serious repeat youth offenders to avoid adequate
               | punishment and let them continue to terrorise these
               | communities,"
               | 
               | Current deterrents clearly are not working. There are
               | only so many levers the government can pull. Children
               | learn poor lessons and inadequate supervision from their
               | families, but if they are taken from their home the media
               | screams 'stolen generation' so in the end individuals
               | terrorised by them have to deal with the burden of their
               | continued long term criminal behavior.
               | 
               | You may believe that children can be rehabilitated, I'd
               | dearly love this to be the truth, however my observations
               | show that its not a reflection of reality.
        
               | Nursie wrote:
               | I'm not trying to play down any problems or say nothing
               | should be done.
               | 
               | In fact I'm not expressing any beliefs other than the
               | (very well supported) notion that children's brains are
               | not fully developed and therefore they shouldn't be dealt
               | with in the same way as adults because that's just _dumb_
               | and is likely not to help.
        
               | jlawson wrote:
               | Can you expand on "that's just dumb"? I don't understand
               | what argument this is trying to make.
               | 
               | All people have different brains; some are very low-
               | intelligence and impulsive by nature and training, and
               | this can apply at any age. The point of this punishment
               | is not to apply a sort of cosmic morality according to
               | the true culpability of a soul. Abstract principles about
               | whether the person 'deserves' a punishment aren't
               | actually relevant regardless of what shape their brain
               | is. The point is the real-life consequence of their
               | criminality on others, and how to stop them hurting
               | people. We must stop them hurting people; let's figure
               | out how.
               | 
               | This dedication to abstracted principles and cosmic
               | morality over fixing the actual issue is really
               | problematic; I see this more and more these days.
        
           | thmsths wrote:
           | I am very conflicted on this. On one hand I absolutely
           | despise that hating the children attitude and I believe we
           | are reaping what we are sowing. On the other hand there are
           | serial offenders that are not being dealt appropriately. My
           | naive solution is to keep the current, more permissive system
           | for first offenders and then treat repeat offenders as
           | adults. I mean if you are a teen, succumb to peer pressure
           | and do something stupid like stealing a car, I fully believe
           | that we should not throw the book at you. We need to dispel
           | you of the notion that this is not a big deal and that you
           | will get away with it, while ensuring that we do not harm
           | your future prospects.
           | 
           | But if being arrested, handcuffed and taken in front of a
           | judge is not enough to make you understand that this kind of
           | behavior will not be tolerated, and you do steal a car again
           | a few weeks later, then yes, we will have to escalate instead
           | of saying "nothing we can do, it's just a kid". Otherwise we
           | are literally sending the message that they can act with
           | impunity.
        
         | frollogaston wrote:
         | But it's not uniform. In the span of ~60 years, the average
         | birth rate doesn't matter as much as the distribution and how
         | much the children model their parents.
         | 
         | Small example (multiply all numbers by 1M), average birth rate
         | of 1.5 can be a group of 4 people where one had 0 children, one
         | had 1, one had 2, one had 3. If each child has as many children
         | as its parents, next generation, 0 have 0 children, 1 has 1, 2
         | have 2, 3 have 3, for a new average of 2.33.
         | 
         | If you take a higher starting average but a tight spread [2, 2,
         | 2, 2], the next average is only 2. Or if you have [0, 1, 2, 3]
         | but kids model society instead of parents, you get 1.5 again.
         | 
         | Of course children didn't model their parents the past couple
         | of generations, but times may be changing.
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | > All of these working together means that each year the act of
         | having a child is much more deliberate and the parents likely
         | having more resources. Which in turn should mean fewer youth
         | delinquency, which as the article notes is how most in prison
         | started out.
         | 
         | Or the less popular more controversial hypothesis: the steepest
         | decline in births is among the poor, a population with, on
         | average, worse impulse control and more issues with mental
         | health, and since all qualities are at least partly
         | heritable...
         | 
         | Surprisingly, the fertility rate among the affluent does not
         | appear to be nearly as impacted.
        
           | andsoitis wrote:
           | > the steepest decline in births is among the poor, a
           | population with, on average, worse impulse control and more
           | issues with mental health, and since all qualities are at
           | least partly heritable... Surprisingly, the fertility rate
           | among the affluent does not appear to be nearly as impacted.
           | 
           | Generally, fertility rates are higher among poorer
           | populations compared to wealthier populations. This pattern
           | is observed both at the national level, with poorer countries
           | generally having higher fertility rates than wealthier ones,
           | and at the individual level, with poorer families tending to
           | have more children than wealthier families.
           | 
           | https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-
           | economy/2016/december/link...
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | > Generally, fertility rates are higher among poorer
             | populations compared to wealthier populations.
             | 
             | Yes, but they were even higher in the past. Fertility has
             | _declined_ among the poorer classes much more than among
             | higher income classes, probably due to the availability of
             | contraceptives and abortion:
             | 
             | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gs5lgb_bIAAYoo1?format=jpg
        
         | dcow wrote:
         | We may have swung the pendulum a little too far towards
         | deliberate, though. The birthrate right now is below
         | replacement rate, meaning that if we keep going like this (even
         | if the birthrate doesn't keep trending down and holds steady)
         | that society will die off. We need to figure out how to build
         | an economy and society that can facilitate deliberate
         | responsible parentage younger and more often. Luckily we have
         | generations to solve the problem, but it's there looming.
        
           | TrueTom wrote:
           | This is not going to happen when you can just import people
           | from other countries.
        
             | ipdashc wrote:
             | ... until, obviously, those countries' populations start
             | declining as well?
        
             | forgotoldacc wrote:
             | Every country on earth is trending downwards. A lot of
             | currently immigrant-exporting countries (e.g. Vietnam,
             | India, Mexico) have sub-replacement levels of birth.
             | They're going to have absolutely massive problems in a few
             | decades when a lot of their youth have left and they're
             | stuck with an inverted population pyramid.
             | 
             | There's a tendency for people in developed (particularly
             | western) countries to feel entitled to immigrants. It's
             | weird to think you'll not only have people changing your
             | diapers when you're 90, but that your country should
             | actively bring in people and deprive poorer countries of
             | similar care, then leave those poor working class
             | immigrants to fend for themselves once they're old.
             | 
             | It's the same mindset that drove society since the 1950s:
             | it makes my life convenient, who cares if it makes life
             | harder for people far from me or after I'm dead? And now
             | we're all living with the accumulated consequences of all
             | that (depleted ozone, climate change, ocean acidification,
             | microplastics, oceans stripped of life, teflon pollution,
             | deforestation, CO2 rising rapidly).
             | 
             | The world needs better solutions.
        
             | palmotea wrote:
             | > This is not going to happen when you can just import
             | people from other countries.
             | 
             | That's basically the same solution as dumping toxic waste
             | overseas: you're just shifting the problem (depopulation)
             | to someplace poorer and probably less able to deal with it.
             | 
             | Birthrates are declining _everywhere_ , and the _current_
             | global fertility rate is _at_ replacement (so don 't expect
             | it to stay that high). In the future, there's going to be
             | no magical place from which you can "import" all the people
             | you need, because you chose not to make them yourself.
        
           | quantified wrote:
           | A plane at 75,000 feet can descend for a long time and then
           | level off without crashing. Eventually population will stop
           | declining. Everyone needs to just chill about a declined
           | birthrate.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | What is your proof that it will not decline further? If you
             | have no proof, then at the very least the cause must be
             | investigated. After all, the concern is that the current
             | rate of declining birth rate, means extinction in a few
             | centuries.
             | 
             | You don't just shrug that off and say "oh well, it'll
             | probably be just fine."
        
               | wredcoll wrote:
               | We don't just shrug off the fantasy that there will be
               | zero children born in "a couple of centuries"??
               | 
               | What on earth am I reading?
        
               | palmotea wrote:
               | > We don't just shrug off the fantasy that there will be
               | zero children born in "a couple of centuries"??
               | 
               | That's not a fantasy, it's the inevitable outcome of sub-
               | replacement fertility, _which is the state we find
               | ourselves in_ (though my intuition says it will take
               | longer than  "a couple of centuries" to get to zero).
        
               | quantified wrote:
               | It's the inevitable outcome of everybody continuing it
               | for all the generations that remain. As soon as there
               | aren't enough people to manufacture contraceptives, it
               | will of course grow. But after a few generations, there
               | will be more land, water, animal and plant life, copper,
               | cobalt, gold and such per person, and people can easily
               | say "that shrinkage sucked, let's grow". You assume that
               | things will always be the way they are now, which is of
               | course false.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | ....assuming the sub-replacement rate continues forever,
               | which is a hefty assumption. It's quite certain that a
               | greater-than-replacement rate can't continue forever
               | (eventually, the mass of the humans would be greater than
               | the mass of the planet), though that has been the world
               | we've lived in up to now.
        
               | arkey wrote:
               | You should play a game of Age of Empires, and have your
               | Villager population halved at some point of the game. See
               | what happens then.
        
               | modo_mario wrote:
               | We do. Because as you said it's a fantasy.
        
               | quantified wrote:
               | Sure I do. You have zero proof that decline goes below a
               | world population of 1 billion. This belief that it must
               | always grow is based on just a fear. Very similar to the
               | fear that gays marrying will cause everyone else to stop.
               | Hasn't happened.
        
               | edflsafoiewq wrote:
               | There are subpopulations with high birth rates. They are
               | very small currently, but if you really think the general
               | population will die off for want of reproduction,
               | eventually they will comprise a sufficiently large
               | fraction of the population to raise the overall birth
               | rate.
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | Too far is an understatement.
           | 
           | People keep poking at the wrong reasons, but in some
           | societies it is quite dire. South Korea with this year of 1,
           | when 2.1 means 'static', means more than halving the
           | population every 30 years or so.
           | 
           | For a reverse comparison, if you take a penny and double it
           | every day, you end up with > $5M in 30 days. And yet this
           | birthrate issue doesn't take into account plague, war,
           | natural disasters, and potential issues with lack of
           | food(starvation). And the worst of it?
           | 
           | Is that I believe it is 100% environmental.
           | 
           | People think "having children" is a conscious choice. And
           | sure, there is some of that. But at the same time, it is the
           | very point of existence for an organism. Actually producing
           | children (not just performing the sex act) is an evolutionary
           | requirement. It is literally the primary drive of existence.
           | Risky behaviour is ingrained into us, if it enables the
           | possibility of reproduction. The drives and energy we place
           | into everything we do, has a background drive that is sexual
           | in nature. We seek to excel, to impress the opposite sex.
           | 
           | Like it or not (I'm not like that, I decide, not my
           | hormones!), this is effectively an accepted fact of animal
           | psychology. It's a part of who we are, our culture is
           | designed around it, and every aspect of our lives is ruled by
           | it.
           | 
           | Why am I on about this??
           | 
           | Well, my point is that this is a primary drive, interlaced so
           | deeply that it affects every aspect of who we are.
           | Reproduction, the production and raising of offspring is an
           | act we are, naturally, compelled to. Forced to. Need to do.
           | 
           | Unless of course specific chemicals, maybe microplastics or
           | all of the "forever chemicals" in our blood, are blocking
           | that process.
           | 
           | Again, people will chime in with the popular "But it's
           | expensive". No. Just no. Nope! My point above is that this is
           | primal drive. People have had children in the depression, on
           | purpose. Historically people, even with contraceptives, have
           | had children regardless.
           | 
           | If it's about money, why is the birth rate declining in
           | countries with free daycare, universal health care, and
           | immensely strong support for parents post birth? Mandated
           | career protection for mothers, months and months of time off
           | after birth all paid. Immense tax breaks making children
           | almost a profitable enterprise. In fact, in some European
           | countries, it is more affordable to have kids than at any
           | time in human history... and the birth rate still declines.
           | It's just not about money. It just is not.
           | 
           | Why I think this is immensely important, is because we aren't
           | seeing a rate, but an ongoing declining rate. The rate isn't
           | just the lowest in human history, but the rate continues to
           | decline. It's not '1' for South Korea, it's 1 right now, and
           | will be 0.5 eventually.
           | 
           | What happens when no one can have children?
           | 
           | I further ask this, because the entire future of the species
           | is at risk. People get all "who cares about going on", but
           | wars do happen, plagues do happen, and I assure you I'm happy
           | to be here, regardless of what the survivors of the bubonic
           | plague thought at the time. Yet if we see a plague that kills
           | 1/2 the population, where does that leave this equation? And
           | what happens if we see a war that kills mostly those of child
           | bearing age? What then?
           | 
           | My secondary concern in all of this is, we have very
           | specialized roles these days. There was a time where a person
           | could be a "a physicist", yet now there are 1000s of sub-
           | specialties in such fields. And not everyone in the
           | population is capable of expanding science. Of discovering
           | 'new'.
           | 
           | My thoughts here are that we require a certain base number of
           | humans to continue to expand science. If we have 100M humans
           | world wide, I do not believe we'll be capable of expanding
           | our current knowledge base, instead, I think we'll regress.
           | There simply will not be enough people intelligent in a way
           | functional to, say, physics, to expand that field.
           | 
           | So if our population decreases too far, we may not be able to
           | resolve issues with, say, forever chemicals. Or with
           | microplastics. Our capacity to do research and resolve such
           | issues may vanish.
           | 
           | Couple that with a graph that is constantly declining, and a
           | simple 50% death rate in a plague, could mean the extinction
           | of the human race.
           | 
           | So my real concern here is, we aren't swinging the pendulum
           | on purpose. It's happening to us. We're in the middle of an
           | extinction event.
           | 
           | And it's only going to get far, far worse.
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | Throughout most of human history we have had less than a
             | billion people.
             | 
             | More people are alive today than have ever lived.
             | 
             | And you are concerned that the population will drop by a
             | half?
             | 
             | Everyone will be richer and better off. The amount of
             | pollution and resource use will be solved too. The
             | underlying input to that is the number of people.
             | 
             | One third of arable land is undergoing desertification
             | 
             | Insects and other species are dying off precipitously
             | 
             | Corals and kelp forests too, entire ecosystems. Overfishing
             | etc.
             | 
             |  _My thoughts here are that we require a certain base
             | number of humans to continue to expand science. If we have
             | 100M humans world wide, I do not believe we 'll be capable
             | of expanding our current knowledge base, instead, I think
             | we'll regress._
             | 
             | That's silly when AI can already make 1 person do the job
             | of 100, and soon will be doing most of the science -- it
             | has already done this for protein folding etc. And it will
             | happen sooner than in 30 years.
             | 
             | This argument you and Musk make about needing more humans
             | for science is super strange. Because you know the AI will
             | make everything 100x anyway. And anyway, I would rather
             | have the current level of science than ecosystem collapse
             | across the board.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | _And you are concerned that the population will drop by a
               | half?_
               | 
               | If you read more carefully, I am concerned by two things.
               | A reduction to 0, and the lack of control over this. I
               | think you don't get how the rate is continuing to
               | decline, and further, that knowing why is important.
               | 
               | And I have not said we need "more humans". Instead, I
               | said we need a base number of humans.
        
               | motorest wrote:
               | > If you read more carefully, I am concerned by two
               | things. A reduction to 0, and the lack of control over
               | this.
               | 
               | I think you need to drop back to reality to reassess your
               | concerns. Barring a major disaster, there is no risk of
               | extinction. Population decline is a factor only in
               | economic terms, as demographics alone will require a
               | significant chunk of a nation's productivity potential to
               | sustain people who left the workforce. However, countries
               | like the US saw it's population double in only two or
               | three generations, and people in the 50s weren't exactly
               | fending off extinction.
        
               | agurk wrote:
               | > More people are alive today than have ever lived.
               | 
               | Assuming you meant died instead of lived to avoid a
               | potentially nonsensical reading, this is not true.
               | 
               | It seems this factoid[0] has been around since the 1970s,
               | and at least in 2007 it was estimated to be 6% of people
               | who'd ever lived being currently alive [1]
               | 
               | [0] In the original sense of factoid - being fact-like,
               | but not a fact (i.e. not true). C.f. android, like a man
               | 
               | [1] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-
               | fiction-l...
        
             | FranzFerdiNaN wrote:
             | The entire point of having human intelligence is being able
             | to ignore or overthink or delay or prevent any primal
             | urges. We also have urges to kill and rake and destroy but
             | I doubt you're going "laws are bad because they prevent out
             | primal urges".
             | 
             | Also appeals to evolution are extremely weak and lazy and
             | unproven.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Urges to kill and rake and destroy? The first, yes. The
               | second, lack of care by some.
               | 
               | Yet the first is aggression often born from, again,
               | reproductive drive. You don't see moose smashing the
               | horns together for fun, they do it to exhibit dominance.
               | All creatures strive to say "I'm the best!", in hundreds
               | of subtle and overt ways. "Success" at any act means "I'm
               | a better mate!".
               | 
               | All of human culture, all of human drive, all of our
               | existence is laced, entwined, and coupled with this
               | drive. You may think your fancy pants brain is the ruler
               | of all, but it's not, for the very way you think, is
               | predicated by an enormous amount of physiological drives,
               | the primary being "reproduce".
               | 
               | Saying that "citing concepts from entire branch of
               | science" is weak, is a very weird thing to do.
        
             | protocolture wrote:
             | Population is a london horse manure problem. In both
             | directions.
             | 
             | In 30 years time, people might be uploading their
             | consciousness to computers, or colonising the moon. Making
             | dire warnings about a concept like breeding that we might
             | just get rid of seems foolish at best.
             | 
             | >We're in the middle of an extinction event.
             | 
             | No we are not. Lmao. Same way Horse Manure didnt snuff out
             | life in London.
        
             | andsoitis wrote:
             | > What happens when no one can have children?
             | 
             | That sounds like the plot of a sci-fi movie.
        
           | fulafel wrote:
           | Not too far at all considering the level of overpopulation
           | and resulting environmental crisis we're in.
        
           | bevr1337 wrote:
           | > The birthrate right now is below replacement rate, meaning
           | that if we keep going like this (even if the birthrate
           | doesn't keep trending down and holds steady) that society
           | will die off.
           | 
           | Why? Why are we sure that the population will not settle? Or
           | that our increased productivity won't offset a change in
           | labor?
           | 
           | I do worry societies will fail to handle side effects like
           | the temporary increased demand for elder care, but no real
           | fear of total societal collapse.
        
           | solatic wrote:
           | Or, you continue to grow the population through immigration.
           | 
           | The US is unique (or maybe there are a handful of others, I
           | don't know) in its ability to welcome immigrants who, within
           | two generations, largely see themselves as Americans first
           | and not as the identity of their grandparents. American
           | identity politics has eroded this _somewhat_ but it is still
           | largely true, for example, that grandchildren of immigrants
           | will usually have a very poor grasp of their grandparents '
           | native languages.
        
             | kfajdsl wrote:
             | This doesn't work forever. The birth rates in developing
             | countries are also falling.
        
             | achillesheels wrote:
             | I disagree. Immigration suppresses wages. Which suppresses
             | native born childmaking, which fuels more government
             | charity, erm, welfare, which dampens productivity, which
             | erodes civil liberties.
             | 
             | American is not seen as promoting human rights, and to
             | infer all immigrants are good is naive, hate to get off my
             | porch about this. _sits back down on rocking chair
             | whistling "I Wish I was In Dixie" and widdling a hangman
             | with the noose almost finished, just a few more threads_
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | > Immigration suppresses wages. Which suppresses native
               | born childmaking, which fuels more government charity,
               | erm, welfare, which dampens productivity, which erodes
               | civil liberties.
               | 
               | Japan and Korea have almost no immigration and abysmally
               | low birth rates. Your arguments don't really hold water.
               | Having children is actually more of a burden on the
               | state, as those kids need schools, (in most western
               | countries publicly funded) healthcare, etc. Taking in a
               | healthy immigrant at 20 is better almost all round from a
               | purely economic point of view.
               | 
               | And immigration doesn't suppress wages any more or less
               | than having tons of kids would over the long term. A
               | person "taking" a job is still a taking a person whether
               | they were born or immigrated. This is ignoring the fact
               | that more people over time enlarge the economy and
               | opportunity in it. Would the United States be a better
               | country today if it didn't accept the mass immigration
               | from Italy, Ireland, and Eastern Europe between 1850-1914
               | and had 1/4 the population?
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | Declining fertility is a global phenomenon.
        
           | motorest wrote:
           | > We may have swung the pendulum a little too far towards
           | deliberate, though. The birthrate right now is below
           | replacement rate, meaning that if we keep going like this
           | (even if the birthrate doesn't keep trending down and holds
           | steady) that society will die off.
           | 
           | The US alone doubled it's population since the 1950s. Enough
           | scaremongering.
        
             | sethammons wrote:
             | So we need a Thanos snap and go to half the population to
             | recreate the 1950s growth economy?
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | Birth rates won't "hold steady" because people don't die at
           | equal rates. If birth rate is below replacement, old people
           | die off first, the population's average age goes down every
           | year, and birth rate increases.
           | 
           | A society that is producing children will not die off. The
           | U.S. saw over 3.6 millions births in 2024.
        
           | itslennysfault wrote:
           | > ...society will die off.
           | 
           | *capitalist society will die off. ( )
           | 
           | See also: automation, ai, robots.... we probably don't need
           | as many people / are headed for work shortages anyway.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | We still need to improve the numbers regarding single (&absent)
         | parent households.
        
         | buckle8017 wrote:
         | The entire premise of the article is that fewer crimes are
         | being committed by youth because arrests are down.
         | 
         | That's wrong, actually what's happening is police have just
         | given up on arresting kids who will be released.
        
         | worldsayshi wrote:
         | You're half implying this but I wonder if the change in youth
         | culture comes from the simple ratio of adults vs kids in the
         | social circle around each kid. Youth culture needs a lot of
         | kids around to get amplified. When most of the people around
         | you are adult you may tend to adopt the culture of the adult
         | world rather than creating your own.
        
         | anonnon wrote:
         | Or maybe it's just today's youth are too neurotic, anti-social,
         | and screen-addicted to go out into the real world and
         | misbehave? They're also having less sex, and drinking less as
         | well. Also consider that it's much harder to get away with
         | crimes today than it was decades ago, and penalties for getting
         | caught are often more severe.
        
         | zellyn wrote:
         | If you do decide to wait longer, be aware that there are
         | hilarious differences geographically. When we had our first kid
         | in SF, the other dads pushing swings were around the same age
         | as me (fortyish). Moving back to Georgia... oh my god, the
         | parents of kids my second kid's age were babies! (There are
         | "graybeard dad" Facebook groups etc., but the average vibe is
         | way different)
        
           | meindnoch wrote:
           | >the parents of kids my second kid's age were babies
           | 
           | Babies can have kids?
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | A parent who's forty with a newborn will feel that the
             | 20-year old with a newborn is "babies havin' babies" as
             | Strong bad would say.
        
               | Melatonic wrote:
               | Strong Bad - now thats a throwback!
        
           | sixothree wrote:
           | Crime rates in Georgia are higher. So there's that.
        
             | NeutralCrane wrote:
             | On the flip side the average age of parents in Utah is
             | extremely low and the crime rate is also below average. So
             | it may be more nuanced than you would think.
        
               | insane_dreamer wrote:
               | confounding factor: Mormons
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | Even regionally. My kid goes to an urban school where the
           | majority of parents are those with at least an undergraduate
           | degree, and are at least my age.
           | 
           | Family friends have kids in a rural school with parents being
           | those that haven't moved 10 miles from the community where
           | they grew up and small-town soap opera dynamics.
        
         | bn-l wrote:
         | With this and robotics advancement maybe everything could work
         | out.
        
       | kovek wrote:
       | This is interesting. I don't know why it's happening. However,
       | this book deserves a mention:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Better_Angels_of_Our_Natur... .
       | It shares statistics on how violence has been decreasing
       | throughout the history of humanity.
        
         | reverendsteveii wrote:
         | as a followup to that (excellent) book, here's Barry Glassner -
         | A Culture of Fear. The Better Angels of Our Nature talks about
         | how violence has always been declining. A Culture of Fear talks
         | about how the rate of that decline has been increasing since
         | the 90s but people actually perceive things as becoming more
         | dangerous rather than less, and attempts to come up with an
         | answer as to why that may be the case.
        
           | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
           | The most obvious answer is large-scale media. I can learn
           | about a shooting on the other side of the country within
           | hours of it happening, and think "that could happen where I
           | am". Likewise with any other news, which by definition is
           | about out-of-the-ordinary events. There's more news about
           | violence because there's more news, not because there's more
           | violence, but it _feels_ like there 's more violence.
        
             | spogbiper wrote:
             | "if it bleeds, it leads" is (or was, i'm old) a common
             | saying regarding the news media. It may be that there is
             | more news that scares us because scaring us is profitable
        
             | reverendsteveii wrote:
             | Piling onto this, humans have both recency and frequency
             | biases that, combined with the attention-as-currency news
             | industry, tend to lead to an increase in the perceived
             | danger of violent crime that's entirely disconnected from
             | the actual statistical danger of violent crime. You hear
             | about more crimes, you hear about each crime more often,
             | and your estimate of how much crime there actually is
             | increases.
        
           | JohnMakin wrote:
           | This has often been attributed to banning lead additives from
           | gasoline.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | 20 century features pretty much largest genocides ever.
         | Multiple of them. And in addition, things that we do not count
         | as genocides, but still involved deliberate killing of
         | millions.
         | 
         | That particular book was criticized by historians a lot.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | Maybe that violence is just better organized now. Personal
           | violence is declining (assault, murder, ...), but not
           | organized violence (war, genocide, ...).
        
         | mcmoor wrote:
         | I don't know how good that book actually is, but I read acoup
         | blog and it criticizes that book very often. Instead it
         | recommends readers to Azar Gat's War in Human Civilization
         | instead https://www.amazon.com/War-Human-Civilization-Azar-
         | Gat/dp/01...
        
       | rawgabbit wrote:
       | This is good news. The level of crime and number of offenders has
       | decreased.
       | 
       | Quotes from the article:                    > As of 2016--the
       | most recent year for which data are available--the average man in
       | state prison had been arrested nine times, was currently
       | incarcerated for his sixth time, and was serving a 16-year
       | sentence.                    > But starting in the late 1960s, a
       | multidecade crime wave swelled in America, and an unprecedented
       | number of adolescents and young adults were criminally active. In
       | response, the anti-crime policies of most local, state, and
       | federal governments became more and more draconian.
       | > Rapidly declining numbers of youth are committing crimes,
       | getting arrested, and being incarcerated.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > Rapidly declining numbers of youth
         | 
         | May be the result of a rapidly declining birth rate.
        
         | bilbo0s wrote:
         | _Rapidly declining numbers of youth are committing crimes,
         | getting arrested, and being incarcerated_
         | 
         | Well also, the number one crime these youths were getting
         | arrested for was drug possession. With drug trafficking being
         | second. 15 years ago the vast majority of people in prison in
         | texas were there for drug possession or trafficking. If all of
         | a sudden everyone's drug of choice is marijuana, and it's being
         | decriminalized everywhere, I have to think that makes it hard
         | to get the numbers you used to get in terms of arrests.
         | 
         | Not that this is a bad thing. I'm just pointing out that while
         | arrests did go down, I don't necessarily believe that the
         | prevalence of pot smoking decreased.
         | 
         | One benefit is that this new environment should help them to
         | have better futures than the youths that came before them.
        
         | TrainedMonkey wrote:
         | Like all complex phenomena 1960s crime wave probably has many
         | causes, but lead poisoning stands out -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93crime_hypothesis
        
           | ivape wrote:
           | Drugs. Don't overthink things.
        
             | const_cast wrote:
             | To dig deeper, not only are young people doing less drugs
             | (good), but we've also stopped being so unbelievably
             | fucking crazy with our policing of drugs. In many places
             | marijuana is basically decriminalized, although not
             | outright legal. Not too long ago even just carrying around
             | marijuana could land you decades in prison, depending on
             | how black you were.
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | Still can in many states, although the average internet
               | seems to be unaware of this. I saw someone getting torn
               | apart for defending their husbands felony marijuana
               | possession conviction as "not a bad person" because
               | people think that today you only get that charge if you
               | were driving a truck full of the stuff with a body in the
               | back, but in e.g. Florida it's still up to 5 years for
               | 20g plain possession.
               | 
               | https://www.findlaw.com/state/criminal-laws/marijuana-
               | posses...
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | >ike all complex phenomena 1960s crime wave probably has many
           | causes, but lead poisoning stands out
           | 
           | And the ones who didn't get sent to prison, stunt their
           | career by being useless hippies or drive their muscle cars
           | drunk so habitually that laws got passed are the current
           | heads of most public and private institutions.
           | 
           | So things will likely improve a bit when those people age out
           | as their replacements will likely be picked from an unleaded
           | pool.
        
             | DaSHacka wrote:
             | Bold of you to assume the "microplastic'd pool" will be any
             | better
        
         | TiredOfLife wrote:
         | Crime is still happening. The arrests are just not being made.
         | There is a readon why us stores have more and more stuff behind
         | locks.
        
           | kyo_gisors wrote:
           | > There is a readon why us stores have more and more stuff
           | behind locks
           | 
           | To foment hysteria in feeble minded neurotics?
        
             | NeutralCrane wrote:
             | Why would stores be interested in fomenting hysteria in
             | feeble minded neurotics?
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | The prison industry is very profitable and influential. If
         | prison populations are dropping naturally, you might imagine
         | that politicians might start looking for some new population to
         | incarcerate.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | No it isn't.
           | 
           | One of the biggest ones, GEO, only made $30m last year with a
           | margin of 1.1%.
           | 
           | Another one, CXW, made $84m.
           | 
           | SSTI is losing money.
           | 
           | Microsoft makes $284m... _per day_.
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | The question not even asked by the article is ... why?
        
         | ToucanLoucan wrote:
         | The answer is likely unknowable, but I can think of several
         | factors that tie into the plummeting birth rate:
         | 
         | - While the Freakanomics citation of widespread access to
         | abortion has been debunked as a sole cause, I think it remains
         | credible for at least a contributing factor. Fewer young people
         | born to folks who are too poor/busy/not wanting to raise them
         | is doubtlessly going to reduce the number of young offenders
         | who become the prison system's regular customers their whole
         | lives.
         | 
         | - Beyond just abortion, contraceptives and contraceptive
         | education have gotten much more accessible. For all the endless
         | whining from the right about putting condoms on cucumbers
         | poisoning children's minds with vegetable-based erotica, as it
         | turns out, teens have sex, as they probably have since time
         | immemorial, and if you teach them how to do it safely and don't
         | threaten their safety if they do, they generally will do it
         | safely.
         | 
         | - Additionally, there has been a gradual ramp-up in how badly
         | negative outcomes stack in life, and "messing up" on your path
         | to adulthood carries higher costs than it ever has. Possibly
         | contradicting myself, teens are having less sex than ever, as
         | all broad forms of socializing have decreased apart from social
         | media, which is exploding but doesn't really present
         | opportunities to bone down. Add to it, young people are more
         | _monitored_ than they 've ever been. When I was coming up, I
         | had hours alone to myself to do whatever I wanted, largely
         | wherever I wanted as long as I could get there and my parents
         | knew (though they couldn't verify where I was). Now we have a
         | variety of apps for digitally stalking your kids, and that's
         | not even going into the mess of extracurricular activities,
         | after school events, classes, study sessions, sports, etc. that
         | modern kids get. They barely have any unmonitored time anymore.
         | 
         | - Another point: alternative sexuality (or the lack thereof) is
         | more accepted than it's ever been by mainstream society, and
         | anything that isn't man + woman is virtually guaranteed to not
         | create unwanted pregnancy unless something truly interesting
         | happens.
         | 
         | - Lastly, I would cite that even if you have a heterosexual
         | couple who is interested in having kids, that's harder than
         | ever. A ton of folks my age can't even afford a home, let alone
         | one suitable for starting a family. The ones that do start
         | families live either in or uncomfortably close to poverty, and
         | usually in one or another variety of insecurity. The ones that
         | can afford it often choose not to for... I mean there's so many
         | reasons bringing kids into the world right now feels
         | unappealing. It's a ton of work that's saddled onto 2 people in
         | a categorically a-historic way, in an economy where two full
         | time salaries is basically mandatory if you want to have a
         | halfway decent standard of living, and double that for one that
         | includes children. That's not even going into the broader state
         | of the world, how awful the dating market is especially for
         | women, so many reasons and factors.
         | 
         | Any stressed animal population stops reproduction first. I
         | don't see why we'd think people would be any different.
        
           | 123yawaworht456 wrote:
           | >how awful the dating market is especially for women
           | 
           | "World Ends, Women Most Affected."
        
           | mymythisisthis wrote:
           | I think that demographically we might be in a trough, of new
           | born children. Also children born to the last major cohort
           | (the children of the baby Boomers) are just becoming tweens
           | and young teens, or very young adults. There might be a spike
           | in crime, in the next 10 years, as they start to mature. It
           | helps that they are more spread out, and not born in the same
           | few years like the Boomers were, (a more flattened and spread
           | curve).
           | 
           | Very rough midpoint years; Baby Boomers 1949, Gen X 1979,
           | Millennial 2009.
        
           | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
           | ...about putting condoms on cucumbers poisoning children's
           | minds with vegetable-based erotica
           | 
           | The Christians did invent Veggie Tales.
        
           | DaSHacka wrote:
           | > how awful the dating market is especially for women,
           | 
           | Don't worry, I assure you it's just as terrible on the other
           | side of the fence.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | From what I've read, mostly sentencing reform and less
         | aggressive drug prosecution/more drug diversion. That and the
         | general trend for crime to recede in wealthy, stable societies.
        
           | pjdesno wrote:
           | It's not just law enforcement and sentencing - there are
           | verifiable numbers for the results of certain crimes -
           | homicides and auto theft come to mind - and most have
           | declined precipitously.
           | 
           | E.g. Boston had 1,575 reports of auto theft in 2012, compared
           | with 28,000 in 1975; Massachusetts had 242 murders in 1975,
           | and 121 in 2012. (a 56% drop in homicide rate, as population
           | went up 14%)
        
             | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
             | That car theft number is blowing my mind. I would have
             | easily guessed 10x that.
             | 
             | Are there any aspects of the crime that make it less
             | appealing? Electronic counter measures too good? Price of
             | replacement parts no longer carry a premium? Too easy to
             | get caught?
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Consumer goods went on a 50 year deflation streak while
               | health care, housing, and education pumped to the moon.
               | That's its own problem, but it's hard to steal any of
               | those three things.
        
               | pjdesno wrote:
               | This paper argues that electronic locks played a large
               | role: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41284-02
               | 4-00452-2
               | 
               | I would bet that the pervasive use of electronic records
               | has something to do with it, too. According to this 1979
               | report from the Nat'l Assoc. of Attorneys General, in the
               | 70s there were a lot of paths to retitling a stolen
               | vehicle back then, which along with the the rise of chop
               | shops and easier export of stolen cars, supported a large
               | stolen-car economy:
               | https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/59904NCJRS.pdf
        
       | casenmgreen wrote:
       | Freakonomics argued that crime correlates to whether or not
       | abortion is available.
       | 
       | If it is not, crime rates are up, and by a lot.
       | 
       | If it is, crime rates are down.
       | 
       | When you flip from one to the other, takes about 15/20 years for
       | the effect to show up.
       | 
       | Rationale is that forcing parents to have their kids when they're
       | not ready for them significantly increases delinquency in young
       | adults.
       | 
       | This is apparently the only possible theory at the moment. It's
       | not proven, of course, but the other theories which were given
       | have been found lacking. This is the only theory which has some
       | evidence, and hasn't been found to be wrong.
        
         | mystified5016 wrote:
         | I'd wager that the foster system is a huge factor. Poverty is
         | likely the rest.
         | 
         | When you don't give a human resources, they will find a way to
         | take it. When you force humans with no resources to have kids,
         | well...
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | Why abortion and not contraceptives?
        
           | wil421 wrote:
           | They probably aren't using them.
        
           | iknowstuff wrote:
           | Why not both
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | one can be prevented by the other
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | not prevented... (trust me :)) but best we can do!!
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | No contraceptive method is 100% effective.
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | hence "can be"
        
               | OKRainbowKid wrote:
               | Hence "both".
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | We don't need airbags because injury can be prevented by
               | seatbelts.
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | The "don't need" part is a fictitious part you inserted
               | into the argument and not a claim I made.
               | 
               | Injury "can be" prevented by seatbelts, that is a valid
               | claim.
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | I don't know what else you could have meant when you
               | answered the question "Why not both" with "one can be
               | prevented by the other".
               | 
               | The implied meaning is: "Not both because one can be
               | prevented by the other".
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | Your reptilian reflexes have impaired your ability to
               | read or have meaningful discussions. Good bye.
        
           | y-curious wrote:
           | Women's contraceptives in the states require a prescription.
           | Which requires a doctor's appointment + insurance. If you are
           | poor or live with strict parents (ironically), you are much
           | less likely to seek them out.
           | 
           | Condoms are their own bag of worms. I think there are
           | cultural differences in condom use here, as well as the same
           | problem with them being a cost. This doesn't even touch on
           | men being shady with stealthing and pressure.
           | 
           | On the other hand, the abortion clinic requires only an
           | appointment and a way to get there.
        
             | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
             | In the 1980s, condoms were "behind the counter" things you
             | had to ask for and suffer the critical eye of the pharmacy
             | worker (at least in small town USA).
             | 
             | It's no wonder we had so many teen pregnancies.
        
           | wvenable wrote:
           | Maybe people who are bad at pre-planning are also potentially
           | poor parents.
        
         | yesbut wrote:
         | That correlation has pretty much been debunked.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalized_abortion_and_crime...
        
           | wyre wrote:
           | Dubunked does not mean critiqued.
        
         | jjcob wrote:
         | I doubt there is a single explanation. I think it's multiple
         | factors.
         | 
         | Unleaded gasoline could also be a factor. Every country has
         | shown drops in crime rates when leaded gasoline was phased out.
         | 
         | If I recall, leaded gasoline was phased out in the 80ies, which
         | fits a drop in crime rates in the 90ies.
        
           | leptons wrote:
           | Availability of pornography has cut down the rate of rapes
           | significantly. Too bad the republicans are going to try to
           | ban all porn pretty soon, according to their stated agenda.
           | They do love their wealthy donors that run the prison-
           | industrial-complex.
        
             | bilbo0s wrote:
             | A lot of the current drop has decriminalization of drugs as
             | a contributing factor. Same principle.
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | This would be a good theory if it was supported at all by
             | data. There has been a decrease but if you squint it's a
             | flat line. The best you can really say is that the
             | availability of pornography is neutral.
        
               | leptons wrote:
               | I have seen the data that suggests strongly that
               | pornography lowers rapes. You've put up no data to refute
               | that, so until you do I will continue believing the data
               | I saw. If you do put up some actual data to support your
               | claims (instead of just saying "nuh uhh"), I'll review it
               | and then provide my own.
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | Can you share that data
        
               | leptons wrote:
               | There are numerous articles all over the internet both
               | supporting my claim, as well as negating it, depending on
               | the agenda of the source - there are many people that are
               | morally opposed to porn that would want my claim to be
               | false (and they would still want to ban porn even if that
               | increases rape). Here's some articles that support:
               | 
               | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-sunny-
               | side-of...
               | 
               | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/10113011132
               | 6.h...
               | 
               | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/all-about-
               | sex/201601...
               | 
               | The data I saw, probably about 20 years ago...
               | 
               | https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-
               | qimg-d6f248400fd5308b6d5d0...
               | 
               | I can't verify the source since this data is 20 years old
               | and I can't remember where it came from, but at the time
               | it seemed like a good enough source, and this was before
               | "truth" lost all meaning in the age of the conservative-
               | bent "my feelings are as good as your facts" world we
               | currently live in.
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | The rate of homicides and other violent crime have also
               | declined significantly over the same period, so unless
               | you contend that pornography also caused that, _the data_
               | shows that it does not increase the rate of rape.
               | 
               | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/homicide-
               | rate-1990-vs-202...
        
             | tclancy wrote:
             | >Availability of pornography has cut down the rate of rapes
             | significantly.
             | 
             | Oh for the love of $DEITY, this is some
             | /r/shithackernewssays. Rape is not a crime about sex.
             | Please don't do this.
        
           | krunck wrote:
           | Yes but I'd say reduction of lead use in general.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | And lead paint.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93crime_hypothesis
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | The drop in crime also correlates very well with releases of
           | popular violent video games:
           | http://www.gamerdad.com/blog/2008/04/08/downard-spiral/
        
           | dfxm12 wrote:
           | Unfortunately, the current US administration and congress are
           | trying to expose us to more lead:
           | https://www.theguardian.com/us-
           | news/2025/feb/03/republicans-...
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | America closes a college per week and multiple primary schools
         | per week. There are fewer youth to commit crime or otherwise.
         | 
         | In NYC the black community has a majority of pregnancies not
         | end with the birth of a child. This is where abortion policy is
         | focused.
        
           | BirAdam wrote:
           | It's simpler and less nefarious than that. Kids have to meet
           | up to produce offspring. If kids don't meet up, no drugs, no
           | sex, no kids having kids. Video games, smart phones, and chat
           | apps are more likely the cause of this change.
        
         | snickerdoodle12 wrote:
         | That would also explain why the current administration is
         | banning abortion. Got to keep the prison slaves flowing.
        
         | tdiff wrote:
         | Unless abortion is considered a crime by itself?
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | Please be careful about Freakonomics and the other PopSci books
         | like it. Many of the claims it makes have either been
         | disproven, shown to be flawed, or do not reflect consensus
         | among serious researchers. Some examples here:
         | 
         | https://www.americanscientist.org/article/freakonomics-what-...
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | For me, this is a bit of a suspicious explanation, because
         | Europe is a patchwork of abortion laws, with some countries
         | being traditionally strictly religious and other less so, but
         | the crime stats don't copy that.
         | 
         | Communist Romania once banned even contraceptives, and yet it
         | never became a violent crime haven, not even after Communism
         | fell. (Which was some 25 years after the ban, so the unwanted
         | kids should still have been in their prime criminal age.)
         | 
         | Maybe the correlation isn't causational, maybe it only works in
         | specific demographic groups...
        
         | testing22321 wrote:
         | It's clearly very easy to correlate low crime with free
         | healthcare, education, unemployment, social safety net.
         | 
         | Compare the US to every other OECD country.
         | 
         | Nobody outside the US would even waste their time on having the
         | discussion it is so blaringly obvious, but those in the US
         | suffering the effects will denounce it till the cows come home.
        
           | rendang wrote:
           | What do you mean by education? The USA has higher PISA scores
           | than peer countries and also has high rates of tertiary
           | education. Do you think that middle class educated people
           | having high student debt burdens causes crime?
        
             | testing22321 wrote:
             | Free tertiary education.
             | 
             | The US has vastly higher illiteracy than OECD countries.
        
               | rendang wrote:
               | US has much higher tertiary education attainment than the
               | OECD average. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_count
               | ries_by_tertiary_...
               | 
               | People with tertiary education who paid a lot for it or
               | are in debt for it do not commit large numbers of crimes!
               | 
               | Not sure what you mean by "illiteracy" which is measured
               | in different ways. US PISA reading scores are higher than
               | all but 2 EU countries
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_International
               | _St...
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | There are many reasons why crime is in decline, but ultimately
       | its economic.
       | 
       | Crime _used_ to pay. Your expected return on a crime was pretty
       | good for the risk involved. Nowadays though, because of
       | technology, risk has increased while the returns have also
       | decreased. Barriers to entry for crimes worth committing are now
       | way higher. Robbing a gas station decades ago could yield a nice
       | chunk of cash that could probably pay bills for a month. But now
       | with less people using cash and cost of living increasing,
       | there's no point. Most registers have pitiful amount of cash. And
       | mugging strangers on the street is likely even worse. No one
       | carries wads of cash anymore.
       | 
       | The hot industry to be in is ransomware. The sums are vast and
       | the risk is low if you do it right. But it's very white collar,
       | it requires skills that your typical low level criminal won't
       | have.
       | 
       | Overall, it means there's a lot of crimes that are done not for
       | any financial reason, just for personal satisfaction.
        
         | permo-w wrote:
         | not forgetting that CCTV is absolutely ubiquitous and high def,
         | where previously it was reasonably rare and low quality
        
           | deadbabe wrote:
           | And most young people would rather have social media that
           | lets them easily be tracked than staying anonymous for the
           | purposes of committing crimes.
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | Even if you leave your phone at home to create an alibi for
             | yourself, it is very likely that CCTVs will see you enroute
             | to the crime scene, if not at the crime scene itself.
             | Between businesses with cameras, front door cameras on
             | houses, and traffic cameras, it's very difficult to travel
             | anywhere without leaving a trace that investigators can
             | pick up after the fact if they're sufficiently motivated.
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | I have a (likely lifelong) mostly-unrealised project to
               | try and document all the things necessary to maximise the
               | anonymity of committing a petty crime, with the vague
               | notion of turning it into a meta-story about the joys of
               | pointless intellectual pursuits that cost far more than
               | they materially return.
        
           | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
           | I am doubtful widespread recordings are making much of a
           | change. Unless you are Luigi Mangione, are police actually
           | following video footage trying to tie up a crime? Even with a
           | city wide alert, he almost escaped.
           | 
           | It has been a common refrain that someone has an AirTag or
           | other electronic surveillance they used to identify a thief,
           | for which the police do nothing.
        
             | qingcharles wrote:
             | They actually do use the footage in a lot of cases. Bigger
             | cities often have staff dedicated to just trying to extract
             | raw footage from Temu-quality CCTV recording devices that
             | most places own.
        
         | BLKNSLVR wrote:
         | By necessity criminals are having to move up the corporate
         | ladder to have access to that which is worth appropriating.
        
       | holmesworcester wrote:
       | How much of this is due to smartphones? The years seem to line
       | up.
       | 
       | 2014 seemed like the big year where smartphone ubiquity changed
       | US teen culture. Less boredom, dumb adventure, drinking, etc.
       | (For better or worse but in this case better.)
        
         | y-curious wrote:
         | Devils advocate: smartphones have made antisocial tiktok
         | trends, "fast money" hacks and paint an unrealistic portrait of
         | success. Before, only rappers could be young and rich and
         | flashy. Now, seemingly regular teens are millionaires and this
         | is constantly fed into young people's feeds.
        
           | janalsncm wrote:
           | That might be true but it's another topic.
           | 
           | If your point is that the benefits of crime reduction due to
           | smartphones are outweighed by harms to mental health, then I
           | think most people would disagree.
           | 
           | But this is also probably painting far too rosy a picture of
           | what Meta is doing.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | I hear your point as: up until then scams, gambling and Ponzi
           | schemes were for adults with strong purchasing power (could
           | sink all the family's money in one single decision), when
           | with smartphones everyone gets to enjoy screwing themselves
           | directly.
           | 
           | My hot take is that previous generations weren't better
           | prepared for the adult world than today's kids. They were
           | more "mature" (sex, violence, abuse resistance) in some
           | respects, but not specially ready for caring about society.
        
         | deeg wrote:
         | Or maybe video games. Lots of teen boys staying at home playing
         | Xbox instead of getting into trouble.
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | I blazed that trail in the 80s.
        
         | redwood wrote:
         | A big part. But pagers too. The decline of drug "turf" crime
         | when things transitioned to networks of contacts correlated
         | with the decline in violence on the streets which probably only
         | accelerated with smart phones. No longer worth fighting over
         | corners.
        
       | kiernanmcgowan wrote:
       | > After peaking at just more than 1.6 million Americans in 2009
       | 
       | > But a prison is a portrait of what happened five, 10, and 20
       | years ago.
       | 
       | Is this just a result of the dropping crime rates since the mid
       | 90s, but on a 20ish year lag?
        
         | Jtsummers wrote:
         | That's what the article goes on to describe, yes. Declining
         | crime rates mean fewer new prisoners, but high recidivism rates
         | plus long sentences means many old prisoners are still in
         | prison. As those old prisoners die off or for whatever reason
         | don't commit more crimes after release, the total population
         | declines.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Mandatory minimum sentences can be 10, 15 or 20 years depending
         | on the quantity of drug and other factors. Often just for
         | possession. The US spent several decades filling our prisons
         | with people using those sentences, and we still do, just not as
         | aggressively.
        
       | oceansky wrote:
       | Bad news for prison owners
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | GOOD
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | In part due to simple demographics?
       | 
       | If most prisoners are younger, starting their incarceration
       | incidents in their teens or twenties, then basically the fewer
       | young people you have, the less people in prison:
       | 
       | https://populationeducation.org/u-s-population-pyramids-over...
       | 
       | Compare 1960 to 2020.
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | They fail to mention the reason the prison population soared in
       | the 70's and 80's, because of ultra-harsh prison sentencing for
       | drugs. In retrospect, those laws appear to have been deliberately
       | designed to create a massive and permanent prison population, far
       | beyond what locking people up only for non-consensual crimes
       | could ever sustain.
       | 
       | Now, most of those laws have been rolled back. In the past 10-15
       | years the number of people locked up at the state level for drug
       | crimes is down 30% even though drug arrests remain high. And
       | those still getting locked up are getting shorter sentences.
       | (though over 40% of inmates at the federal level are still there
       | for drugs)
       | 
       | I'm not sure why they failed to mention such a key issues related
       | to incarceration. They repeatedly refer to the surge in crime in
       | the drug war era as a "crime wave". And they link to 3 other pro-
       | drug war articles by the same author. Maybe Keith Humphreys had a
       | bad trip in his youth and now he's making it everyone's problem.
        
       | viktorcode wrote:
       | In the light of that dynamic I fund it curious that Russian
       | prisons population is rapidly declining too, but for very
       | different reason.
        
         | low_tech_love wrote:
         | You might be half joking, but your hypothesis is interesting to
         | show how many different reasons can exist for the same
         | phenomenon. Lots of people here talking about lead, for
         | whatever reason, but also decriminalisation of drugs, abortion,
         | etc. Most are logical explanations, even if contradictory. Very
         | nice to see how we need to be super aware of statistics; we can
         | force the numbers to say anything we want.
        
           | ivanjermakov wrote:
           | This is an amazing domain for correlation vs causation,
           | because a lot of hypotheses make sense.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | The Atlantic suggests this results from the release of those
       | convicted during a decades long crime wave, which apprently took
       | place when many of us grew up. Perhaps it also tracks with a
       | progressive decline in law enforcement. Whether that is because
       | crime waves not longer exist or whether it is some other reason
       | is a question for the reader. A substanbtial amount of crime is
       | now done via internet. Few are ever convicted.
        
         | saulpw wrote:
         | Marijuana possession was the number one crime and is now legal
         | in a majority of states. This seems like the high-order bit.
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | ^ This. The drug war was an attempt for conservatives to
           | punish poor people for using a harmless drug (marijuana) to
           | help cope with systemic inequality, and kids for wanting to
           | have fun.
           | 
           | From 1950-1970, America introduced new mandatory minimums for
           | possession of marijuana. First-time offenses carried a
           | minimum of 2-10 yrs in prison and a fine of up to $20,000.
           | They repealed these minimums in 1970 because it did jack shit
           | to stop people smoking. The govt even recommended
           | decriminalizing marijuana _in 1970_ , but Nixon rejected it.
           | 
           | But then came The Parents. As fucking usual, parents
           | "concerned for their children" began a years-long lobbying
           | and marketing effort to convince the public _any_ kind of
           | drug was evil and harming kids. Through the 1980s their
           | lobbying spread to all corners of the government, influencing
           | messaging and policy. So finally in 1986, Reagan introduced
           | new mandatory minimums for marijuana, based on amount. Having
           | 100 marijuana plants was the same crime as 100 grams of
           | heroin. And then they went further; if you we caught with
           | marijuana _three times_ , you got a life sentence. Life. For
           | pot. In 1989, Bush Sr. officially declared the "new" War on
           | Drugs. And we've all been paying for it ever since.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | At what point in the last 30 years did cannabis possession
           | account for even a plurality of incarcerated persons, in any
           | state or federally?
           | 
           | Cannabis is not the high order bit.
        
             | BlackFly wrote:
             | Well apparently 43% of American inmates are incarcerated
             | for drug related offenses. https://www.bop.gov/about/statis
             | tics/statistics_inmate_offen...
             | 
             | This article claims that about 32k people in 2021 were for
             | cannabis related offense, and simply carrying that to today
             | would be 23% of the prison population: the largest offense
             | type. https://www.lastprisonerproject.org/cannabis-
             | prisoner-scale
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | 32,000 people is about 1% of all those incarcerated.
        
           | jahnu wrote:
           | How do the two sets of states compare on crime rates since
           | the change?
        
         | actuallyalys wrote:
         | Crime is also down compared to where it was if you ask people
         | directly [0].
         | 
         | [0]: https://ncvs.bjs.ojp.gov/multi-year-trends/crimeType
        
         | UmGuys wrote:
         | Of course it does. The framing is from the establishment. The
         | surge in crime and rise in prison population is because we
         | criminalized existence EG "the war on drugs". Now we're getting
         | rid of some of the worse things.
        
       | kieranmaine wrote:
       | One more thing to throw into the mix. The treatment of ADHD might
       | be helping:
       | 
       | "ADHD medication still reduces risks, but benefits have weakened
       | over time"
       | 
       | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/...
        
         | vharuck wrote:
         | I once asked myself, "What did people with ADHD as severe as
         | mine do before there was medication?"
         | 
         | The obvious answer was: drugs. People like me used to do a lot
         | of drugs.
        
           | eikenberry wrote:
           | I think taking available stimulants, like nicotine and
           | caffeine, were also ways of coping as they generally help
           | with ADHD focus (or the lack thereof). I know anecdotally
           | that I really hit my academic stride in college when I took
           | up both habits. I still notice a small difference after
           | coffee (gave up smoking a long time back).
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | The best stat is that nearly 90% of prisoners had absent fathers.
        
       | knowitnone wrote:
       | only because the US is soft on crime - so soft that drugs that
       | were illegal are no longer illegal
        
       | ilitirit wrote:
       | I'd like to see stats on how many people are getting arrested for
       | petty crimes e.g. marijuana (which isn't even a crime in some
       | contexts any more) back then vs now.
        
       | snickerdoodle12 wrote:
       | Does this include those sent to the gulag in El Salvador?
        
       | plantwallshoe wrote:
       | Is it possible that incarceration had the intended effect? Did an
       | entire generation grow up seeing their fathers and uncles locked
       | up and decide that there must be a better way?
        
         | boston_clone wrote:
         | there is no research to support the notion that mass
         | incarceration leads to a reduction in crime; full stop.
        
           | wskinner wrote:
           | The scholarly debate is over how large and how lasting the
           | effect is, not whether any evidence exists.
        
             | boston_clone wrote:
             | Is it not that studies show how mass incarceration
             | increases likelihood of children to be offenders, not make
             | them less likely to do so?
             | 
             | e.g., an incarcerated parent before the age of 12 increases
             | the chances of being in jail after 18 by 230%
             | 
             | I genuinely don't recall anything to support the idea that
             | incarceration decreases crime, in general, at all...
        
         | khasan222 wrote:
         | I would argue that not having a male role model in your life is
         | way worse than seeing the consequences enacted on another.
         | 
         | This even if their was a gain from watching others suffer, the
         | lack of discipline, guidance, sternness, is way more
         | detrimental than the positives of fearing the consequences
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | Absolutely not at all. I have a lot of experience with the
         | justice system and I can tell you that incarceration has almost
         | no positive benefits for those that are redeemable.
         | 
         | And for those who cannot function in the real world (i.e.
         | serious untreatable mental problems resulting in constant
         | criminality) we need to find a softer way to keep them
         | separated from being able to harm the public.
        
       | b3ing wrote:
       | Crime has been going down since the 90s, video games and online
       | porn probably helped this
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | When they decide change the threshold for arrests, like the SF
       | robberies or under some dollar amount.
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | Problem isn't with people who are in prison. Problem is with
       | people who are out of prison with prison experience - most of
       | them are thoroughly criminalised for life. So one should count
       | people who served serious time behind bars, and now out -
       | ideally, age-corrected, because people age out of crime and
       | someone who got in jail at 18 and left at 50 is probably ok and
       | isn't a big danger. That is the metric that society should strive
       | to minimise.
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | It's essentially that once you leave prison you have zero
         | resources, usually all your friends are gone, often your family
         | shuns you, you can't get a job due to your record and lack of
         | skills, you can't rent any accommodation due to background
         | checks, and you are on a knife-edge parole that will send you
         | back for any tiny infraction.
         | 
         | And it's easy for someone to just give in and go back to
         | prison. Prison is only scary the first time. After that you
         | walk back in and meet people you know who don't judge you. You
         | know the staff. You know the routines. Do a few more years for
         | the parole violation and see if things have changed next time
         | around. If not, repeat ad infinitum.
        
       | zombot wrote:
       | Prison is big business in the U.S., so I fully expect red alerts
       | going off and panic attacks sweeping the country.
        
       | philipallstar wrote:
       | Incarceration isn't the same thing as crime. If the most populous
       | state by far (California, almost 40m people in 2025) passes a
       | law[0] that stealing things under $950 is a misdemeanor rather
       | than a felony, then crime can continue while incarceration rates
       | drop.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_California_Proposition_47
        
         | pyuser583 wrote:
         | It's very hard to record crime rates in prisons.
         | 
         | Incarcerating people likely to commit crimes will mean their
         | future crimes are much less likely to be reported.
         | 
         | This does not mean less crime, it means crime just isn't being
         | recorded.
         | 
         | Even the most rigorous studies account for crimes committed in
         | prisons.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | This is a very one sided presentation of the facts. This fact
         | is generally used to suggest that theft is all a liberal blue
         | state issue. The highest felony theft amount in the US is in
         | red Texas and is $2500. Around 40 states have a *HIGHER* felony
         | $ limit for theft than California. If you think about it, it
         | makes a lot of sense to not spend $10K+ to jail someone for
         | stealing $500 of stuff. There are more cost effective ways to
         | rehabilitate people. However, our society doesn't prioritize
         | helping as much as punishing.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | The whole hoopla around the felony status is just a proxy.
           | when you commit a bunch of felonies there's all sorts of
           | coded in law and process (sentencing guidelines) that apply
           | (as well as KPIs, cops and prosecutors care about being able
           | to say they put felons away) so you can't really be
           | habitually felonious very much without winding up behind
           | bars.
           | 
           | Below the felony threshold the system is far more free to let
           | you go back out and keep doing what you're doing.
           | 
           | So the actual dollar threshold of felony theft is really just
           | a crappy (because not all states go equally hard on non-
           | felony crime) proxy for the rate of recidivism.
        
           | almosthere wrote:
           | Yeah search for "California store owner kills" and "Texas
           | store owner kills" and see the variety that comes up. In
           | Texas the people are the militia and defend their property.
           | That limit doesn't matter there.
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | Sounds like crime is real bad in Texas if citizens are
             | having to take the law into their own hands.
             | 
             | My state has guns and a felony theft limit higher than Cali
             | and we neither have store clerks regularly killing people
             | nor businesses closing due to theft.
        
         | joshuahaglund wrote:
         | Your own link points out that $950 is just taking into account
         | inflation. When the law was created in 1982 the amount was
         | $400, which was about $981 in 2014.
         | 
         | Inflation would eventually make stealing a candy bar a felony.
         | Or we could updated the numbers periodically
        
         | UncleMeat wrote:
         | You know that the bar is _higher_ in Texas for it to be a
         | felony, right?
         | 
         | The "California decriminalized theft" narrative is nonsense.
        
       | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
       | We may see a boom in crime as functional illiteracy rates climb,
       | which is already correlated with criminal behavior. A generation
       | that is weaned on having a computer do everything by voice
       | command and gaining passive knowledge exclusively through videos
       | will have more living on the margins who can't function well in a
       | society that needs some base level of competence in understanding
       | and interpreting text.
        
       | charlescearl wrote:
       | The Black southeast is still in over the Soviet Union's rates
       | during the 1930s https://www.prisonpolicy.org/profiles/LA.html.
       | Racialized carceral warfare.
        
       | shadowtree wrote:
       | While my Target puts Legos behind plexiglas. While my Safeway
       | puts deodorant behind plexiglas.
       | 
       | Statistics are amazing.
       | 
       | Even crime stats are "down". Don't report, don't convict - done.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | This points more towards organized crime rings targeting
         | stores, taking large amounts of the same popular items, then
         | reselling them on eBay or Amazon. If you have a smallish number
         | of people doing a largish number of crimes, this won't be
         | reflected in incarceration statistics (particularly if the
         | resellers rarely get caught).
        
           | chaps wrote:
           | "This points more towards" -- you have any source towards
           | this? :)
        
             | dfxm12 wrote:
             | Why selectively put this onus on the person you've
             | responded to and not the person at the top of this thread?
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | I know that in recent years Target has announced that they
             | were investigating, in partnership with local and federal
             | law enforcement, organized theft rings. It was publicly
             | reported on here in Minneapolis.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Even the organized crime ring panic was made up. The data
           | presented to congress was completely wrong and various
           | organizations had to publicly eat crow about it.
        
         | joshuahaglund wrote:
         | Or maybe they're low sales-volume items in a low profit margin
         | store and it's cheaper to put some things behind glass than
         | post up a security guard to deal with the fact that almost
         | everyone, even nice old ladies at the grocery store, steal
         | things sometimes?
        
           | witty_username wrote:
           | What makes you think almost everyone steal things sometimes?
        
             | joshuahaglund wrote:
             | Well 40% admit to it but those are just the honest
             | dishonest people
             | 
             | https://losspreventionmedia.com/new-survey-reveals-more-
             | than...
        
       | almosthere wrote:
       | After covid they changed who will go to jail for what because
       | they decided overcrowding with covid was killing inmates. I think
       | it was the right thing to do at the time.
       | 
       | However since 2021ish crime has been skyrocketing. It's
       | definitely time to figure out the next steps. I want to live in a
       | peaceful, safe society. It makes sense to separate those that
       | can't help but destroy the peace.
       | 
       | It has also been stated that something like 90% of crime is
       | performed by a very small percentage of people and most of it is
       | just the same person over and over and over. Those people must be
       | separated from society.
        
       | fredfish wrote:
       | An interesting and upbeat article.. But the death rate from
       | overdose went from 9 to 32 per 100000 in the last 2 decades.
       | Using their entrance logic, if I understand what this means afa
       | per annum, couldn't that amount to a few hundred per 100000 who
       | are not cycling into long prison terms because they are dead?
       | 
       | There's been something like 900k excess deaths since 1968
       | compared to if the rate was just flat since then. That's a lot of
       | people who probably had a much higher chance of incarceration
       | than average even if you only consider drug law and the more
       | recently someone was born the more likely they are to have
       | already overdosed at any given age.
        
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