[HN Gopher] Bot or human? Creating an invisible Turing test for ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Bot or human? Creating an invisible Turing test for the internet
        
       Author : timshell
       Score  : 130 points
       Date   : 2025-06-25 15:00 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (research.roundtable.ai)
 (TXT) w3m dump (research.roundtable.ai)
        
       | BobbyTables2 wrote:
       | Ironic that we are so intent on creating bots that ask and check
       | questions unsolvable by other bots.
        
       | JimDabell wrote:
       | This is interesting stuff, but I'd be seriously concerned about
       | this accidentally catching people who have accessibility needs.
       | How is it going to handle somebody using the keyboard to tab
       | through controls instead of the mouse? Is a typing cadence
       | detector going to flag people who use voice interfaces?
        
         | lofaszvanitt wrote:
         | Well, they need a doctor signed key pair that shows that they
         | are legit cripples. Feed it to the browser, win.
        
       | qoez wrote:
       | I totally assumed typing cadence and mouse behaviour was
       | incorperated into bot detection for years before this already,
       | interesting.
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | You can never go wrong betting on laziness and aversion to
         | ambition for excellence.
        
         | bgwalter wrote:
         | chess.com had this a long time ago.
        
         | lq9AJ8yrfs wrote:
         | You are not wrong.
         | 
         | The article is more of an intro piece for newcomers and doesn't
         | discuss at all the state of the art or where the competition is
         | --the high end of the market is pretty saturated already but
         | the low end is wide open.
         | 
         | There is a bit of a spread in the market, and the specific
         | detection techniques are ofc proprietary and dynamic. Until you
         | have stewed on it quite a bit, it is reasonable to assume
         | everything you can think of has a- been tried b- is either
         | mainstream or doesn't work well c- what working well means is
         | subtle.
         | 
         | Bots are adversarial and nasty ones play the field. Sources of
         | truth are scarce and expensive to consult, and the costs of
         | false positives are felt acutely by the users and the buyers,
         | vs false negatives are more of a slow burn and a nagging
         | suspicion.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | As I understand it detection software is also at great pains
           | to make it difficult for bots to analyze the patterns of
           | rejections to figure out what rule is catching them.
           | 
           | If they can narrow down the possibilities to quadratic space
           | then you lose.
        
         | timshell wrote:
         | That's definitely been the marketing. The point of Section 1 is
         | to refute that point
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | I had a security manager at a big bank (one of my first
           | clients) tell straight to my face that the website decides
           | whether to let me in before I even start typing the
           | password(-equivalent) and that the password is just a
           | formality not to scare people. Near as I could tell, he
           | believed it himself
           | 
           | Marketing indeed. He had me doubting for a while what magic
           | they weren't sharing with the rest of us to avoid
           | countermeasures being developed, but I know better now
           | (working in infosec, seeing what these systems catch, don't
           | catch, and bycatch)
        
         | ipdashc wrote:
         | Yeah, I feel like I'm going crazy looking at that first example
         | video. Was Google's CAPTCHA not supposed to analyze _exactly_
         | that? Yet the mouse is insta-jumping to the input boxes, the
         | input text is being pasted in instantaneously, and somehow it
         | gets past? That seems utterly trivial to detect. Meanwhile us
         | normal users are clicking on pictures of traffic lights all
         | day?
        
           | timshell wrote:
           | me and you both
        
           | mitchitized wrote:
           | That is because I do not think Google's aims for captcha are
           | the same as ours.
           | 
           | I can tell you that as soon as you download Chrome and login
           | to any Google account of yours, the captcha tests are
           | suddenly and mysteriously gone.
           | 
           | Use firefox in full-lockdown mode, and you will be clicking
           | fire hydrants and crosswalks for the next several hours.
           | 
           | My crazy conspiracy theory is that Google is just using
           | captcha as an opportunity to force everyone out of privacy
           | mode, further empowering the surveillance capitalism engines.
           | The intent is not to be effective, but inconvenient.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | Yes. As someone who runs with Firefox in full lockdown
             | mode, including Privacy Badger and total blocking of Google
             | Tag Manager, I have to click on a lot of fire hydrants and
             | crosswalks.
             | 
             | Very few sites are broken by blocking Google's features,
             | incidentally. Even Privacy Badger warns that blocking
             | Google Tag Manager may break sites. It doesn't break
             | anything important.
        
               | busymom0 wrote:
               | For me it's having to click on bikes. Except the pictures
               | are of motorcycles and not bicycles. English isn't my
               | first language, so when I hear bike, I am thinking of
               | bicycles and not motorcycles.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | I started using duckduckgo when Google requires to solve
               | a captcha for searching.
        
       | chromatin wrote:
       | "When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good
       | measure".
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart%27s_law
       | 
       | BRB, changing the simulated latency in my bot.
        
         | timshell wrote:
         | Agreed. Section 3 takes the idea to the extreme -- can a bot
         | replicate human cognition? Traditional OCR CAPTCHAs were a good
         | 'measure' that couldn't be fully gamed. That is, while the rise
         | of computer vision made them eventually ineffective, the gains
         | in computer vision did not come from bot farms
        
       | imiric wrote:
       | I applaud the effort. We need human-friendly CAPTCHAs, as much as
       | they're generally disliked. They're the only solution to the
       | growing spam and abuse problem on the web.
       | 
       | Proof-of-work CAPTCHAs work well for making bots expensive to run
       | at scale, but they still rely on accurate bot detection. Avoiding
       | both false positives and negatives is crucial, yet all existing
       | approaches are not reliable enough.
       | 
       | One comment re:
       | 
       | > While AI agents can theoretically simulate these patterns, the
       | effort likely outweighs other alternatives.
       | 
       | For now. Behavioral and cognitive signals seem to work against
       | the current generation of bots, but will likely also be defeated
       | as AI tools become cheaper and more accessible. It's only a
       | matter of time until attackers can train a model on real human
       | input, and inference to be cheap enough. Or just for the benefit
       | of using a bot on a specific target to outweigh the costs.
       | 
       | So I think we will need a different detection mechanism. Maybe
       | something from the real world, some type of ID, or even
       | micropayments. I'm not sure, but it's clear that bot detection is
       | at the opposite, and currently losing, side of the AI race.
        
         | JimDabell wrote:
         | > So I think we will need a different detection mechanism.
         | Maybe something from the real world, some type of ID, or even
         | micropayments. I'm not sure, but it's clear that bot detection
         | is at the opposite, and currently losing, side of the AI race.
         | 
         | I think the most likely long-term solution is something like
         | DIDs.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_identifier
         | 
         | A small number of trusted authorities (e.g. governments) issue
         | IDs. Users can identify themselves to third-parties without
         | disclosing their real-world identity to the third-party and
         | without disclosing their interaction with the third-party to
         | the issuing body.
         | 
         | The key part of this is that the identity is persistent. A
         | website might not know who you are, but they know when it's you
         | returning. So if you get banned, you can't just register a new
         | account to evade the ban. You'd need to do the equivalent of
         | getting a new passport from your government.
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | It also allows automated software to act on behalf of a
           | person, which is excellent for assistive technologies and
           | something most current bot detection leaves behind.
        
             | timshell wrote:
             | I think this will be a positive effect of the rise of AI
             | agents. We're going to have a much different distribution
             | of automated vs human traffic and authentication/methods
             | will have to be more robust than they are now
        
           | imiric wrote:
           | On the one hand, yes, this might work, but I'm concerned that
           | it will inevitably require loss of anonymity and be abused by
           | companies for user tracking. I suppose any type of user
           | identification or fingerprinting is at the expense of user
           | privacy, but I hope we can come up with solutions that don't
           | have these drawbacks.
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | The benefit of majorly reducing fraud can create an
             | ecosystem where the trade off is worth it for users to
             | take. For example generous free plans or trials can exist
             | without companies needing to invest so much in antifraud
             | for them.
        
             | JimDabell wrote:
             | > I'm concerned that it will inevitably require loss of
             | anonymity and be abused by companies for user tracking.
             | 
             | Are you sure you read my comment fully?
        
               | Liquix wrote:
               | > trusted authorities (e.g. governments)
               | 
               | the governments powerful enough to roll something like
               | this out are _not_ trusted authorities which will protect
               | the privacy of their citizens. remember before the
               | Snowden revelations when the NSA 's director of national
               | intelligence swore under oath that they did not collect
               | "any type of data at all on millions of Americans"?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clapper#Testimony_to_
               | Con...
        
               | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
               | Ultimately trust must be placed in an entity of some
               | type. A democratically elected body isn't perfect but I
               | can't think of a better option. If the electorate don't
               | care about digital privacy or elected lawmakers do not
               | protect their rights, then that needs to be addressed
               | first. Governments have a monopoly on violence. If a
               | citizen can't trust their government to enact (or enact
               | but then not follow) laws that protect human rights, they
               | frankly have much bigger problems to solve.
        
               | switknee wrote:
               | Part of solving that problem is to make it expensive for
               | governments to violate human rights. If spying on
               | everyone is easier than targeted spying, they'll spy on
               | everyone. Governments have a lot of different priorities
               | and it's not always easy to balance them.
               | 
               | Online identity verification is probably best handled by
               | an organization with that as a single priority.
               | 
               | Under the government ID scheme, we have to trust [bad
               | corrupt government] to verify all citizens of [bad
               | corrupt government]. Since that government frequently
               | lies and acts maliciously using every means at their
               | disposal, platforms will treat IDs verified by that
               | government similar to bot traffic and the country will be
               | cut off from the public internet. You'll be banning
               | scientists and journalists from working with others
               | around the world, just because they live in a country
               | with an obnoxious government.
               | 
               | Isn't it also best if people can have multiple
               | identities? Or should someone's contributions to X field
               | be discounted because of their dabbling in fringe Y
               | field?
        
               | JimDabell wrote:
               | > the governments powerful enough to roll something like
               | this out are _not_ trusted authorities which will protect
               | the privacy of their citizens.
               | 
               | The trust I mentioned was the ability for third-parties
               | to trust that the authority will not hand out IDs in an
               | uncontrolled manner. I was not saying that the ID holders
               | need to trust the authority:
               | 
               | > Users can identify themselves to third-parties without
               | disclosing their real-world identity to the third-party
               | and without disclosing their interaction with the third-
               | party to the issuing body.
               | 
               | If the authority doesn't know how your ID is used, you
               | don't have to trust the authority to keep that
               | information private.
        
               | imiric wrote:
               | I did. It doesn't matter that the website might not be
               | able to directly associate a real-world identity with a
               | digital one. It takes a small number of signals to
               | uniquely fingerprint a user, so it's only a matter of
               | associating the fingerprint with the ID, whether that's a
               | real-world or digital one. It can still be used for
               | tracking. By having a static ID that can only be issued
               | by governments or approved agencies we'd only be making
               | things easier for companies to track users.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | This sounds like a red herring to me.
               | 
               | If the only way to associate a user with their ID is by
               | fingerprinting them, you can do the same thing _without
               | an ID_ with having shadow profiles. If the proof system
               | is designed for privacy, the ID doesn 't make you more
               | trackable.
               | 
               | In other words, if the ID never directly leaks companies
               | can just make up a static ID for you and get the same
               | results.
        
               | imiric wrote:
               | Kind of. A fingerprint is an implicit ID, whereas the ID
               | suggested by GP would be semi-permanently associated to
               | an individual. So it would make tracking even easier,
               | since most web sites outside of adtech don't bother with
               | sophisticated fingerprinting. It would be similar to a
               | tracking cookie, except the user would have no control
               | over it.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > the ID suggested by GP would be semi-permanently
               | associated to an individual
               | 
               | There is a permanent ID, but it doesn't have to be told
               | to the site.
               | 
               | In which case it doesn't make tracking any easier than
               | the site making up a "fake" ID for you.
        
               | JimDabell wrote:
               | > It can still be used for tracking.
               | 
               | This doesn't make sense. The whole point of using IDs in
               | this way is in an authenticated context.
               | 
               | Did you think I was suggesting that this ID would be
               | accessible to any website without asking? This is
               | something you would send as part of a registration step.
               | So, for instance, if you spam Hacker News, you get
               | banned, you try to register again, it receives the same
               | ID as before and knows not to let you register.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Every website would just move on to force people to
               | register. That's already happening - good luck browsing
               | _public_ posts on Twitter /X.
        
               | JimDabell wrote:
               | Again, this is a mechanism for making existing auth more
               | resilient.
               | 
               | As you note, websites can _already_ force people to
               | register, so this isn't adding anything new there.
        
           | thatnerd wrote:
           | https://www.wired.com/story/worldcoin-sam-altman-orb/
        
             | timshell wrote:
             | Yup, Worldcoin has been the one of the efforts in this
             | space. We're trying to have a frictionless, less privacy-
             | invasive method than biometric scanning
        
               | jskrn wrote:
               | Do you work for Worldcoin?
        
             | julkali wrote:
             | That is the silicon valley cryptoscam version.
             | 
             | This concept has been studied already extensively, e.g [1]
             | (in 2000!) by people like Rivest and Chaum, who have actual
             | decade-old competence in that field.
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/pubs/pubs/LRSW99.pdf
        
               | calvinmorrison wrote:
               | Or just charge bots and humans and we're good to go
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/technology/postage-is-
               | due...
        
               | TJSomething wrote:
               | While that works for attacks that are like spam, bot
               | detection for high margin attacks like show ticket
               | scalping really wants an identity-oriented solution.
        
               | servercobra wrote:
               | Ah yes, postage has stopped all the spam coming to my
               | house!
        
               | throw10920 wrote:
               | This is an extremely ignorant take. It's extremely well-
               | known that one of the primary ways you stop spam is by
               | making it economically infeasible, specifically by making
               | the cost of distribution higher than the expected return.
               | It's also extremely well-known that spam snail-mail is
               | subsidized by the US post office and doesn't pay normal
               | post rates.
        
               | nc0 wrote:
               | > Say something everyone lives everyday around the world.
               | > "This is an extremely ignorant take."
        
               | pzo wrote:
               | I think worldcoin added this year (?) identification
               | using government e-passport as well (not only orb) - all
               | modern passport have NFC/RFID chip, you won't get all
               | data from that in public way but can verify signature and
               | can get basic information. There are already apps in
               | appstore doing that.
        
           | BiteCode_dev wrote:
           | But this mean that now a saas baning you from your account
           | for spurious reason can be a serious problem.
        
             | econ wrote:
             | You could roll a new id to replace the previous one. Each
             | user would still have only one at a time. If this isn't
             | acceptable a service may ask to have the feature disabled
             | for clear mission critical reasons and/or a fee.
        
             | JimDabell wrote:
             | That's the point. Bans should be effective.
        
               | BiteCode_dev wrote:
               | I get it. And also, I know that Apple and Google would
               | abuse that, and destroy lives and businesses as casually
               | as I eat my breakfast. Then 1000's of disposable
               | companies would pop up with valid id, and abuse some
               | system (like terrible DMCA) and make it worse.
               | 
               | If you think people self-censoring themselves on social
               | media is now a problem (the "unlive" novlang is always
               | such a dystopic hint to me), you have seen nothing.
        
               | JimDabell wrote:
               | Businesses should not be forced to serve abusive users.
               | They should have the choice to refuse to serve somebody
               | permanently. You do not have the right to use somebody
               | else's service without their permission. If they want you
               | off their platform, they should be able to do so.
               | 
               | The whole point of having trusted issuers is that there
               | aren't any "disposable companies" who hand out many
               | identities in an uncontrolled manner. If there were, they
               | would quickly become untrusted, making the IDs worthless.
        
           | johnisgood wrote:
           | I have not heard about DIDs at all before. How does this
           | really work? They are Government-issued? I am not sure I
           | would trust that though.
        
           | encom wrote:
           | I have to ask the government for a roided up tracking cookie?
           | 
           | Hell. No.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | If this gets implemented, the next thing the govt will do is
           | require all websites to store DIDs of visitors for at least
           | 10 years and not accept visitors without them.
        
         | turnsout wrote:
         | Exactly. If the financial incentive is there, they'll add
         | sufficient jitter to trick the detector, and eventually train
         | an ML model to make it even more realistic.
        
           | timshell wrote:
           | Yes and no. Traditional CAPTCHAs didn't cause bot farms to
           | advance computer vision
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | Weren't advancing computer vision (and digitizing books)
             | among the goals of ReCAPTCHA? They seem to have been pretty
             | successful with that.
        
               | timshell wrote:
               | Google was successful in creating a labeled dataset for
               | computer vision. That's different than bot farms beating
               | captchas via computer vision because there exists a
               | financial incentive
        
             | raincole wrote:
             | > Traditional CAPTCHAs didn't cause bot farms to advance
             | computer vision
             | 
             | Are you sure? And how do you know?
             | 
             | There are a lot of CAPTCHA cracking services. Given the
             | price, they are hardly sustainable even under developing
             | country wage level. I believe they actually solve the easy
             | ones automatically and humans are only involved for the
             | harder ones.
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | I don't see how that contradicts the parent post. Computer
             | vision wasn't as good when reCAPTCHA was still typing out
             | books, but machine learning has (per my expectation, having
             | worked with it since ~2015, but the proof would be in the
             | pudding) likely been good enough for mimicking e.g.
             | keystroke timings for decades. It hasn't been needed until
             | now. That doesn't mean they won't use it now that it is
             | needed. Different situation from where tech did not yet
             | exist
        
               | timshell wrote:
               | Section 3 anticipates and addresses this objection.
               | 
               | The ultimate challenge is to replicate end-to-end natural
               | human cognition, which is currently an unsolved and hard
               | problem (and also not necessarily the main focus of AI
               | researchers).
        
             | turnsout wrote:
             | It's possible they didn't _advance_ computer vision, but
             | they certainly _applied_ it.
        
         | chrismorgan wrote:
         | > _We need human-friendly CAPTCHAs, as much as they 're
         | generally disliked. They're the only solution to the growing
         | spam and abuse problem on the web._
         | 
         | This is wrong, _badly_ wrong.
         | 
         | CAPTCHA stood for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to
         | tell Computers and Humans Apart". And that's how people are
         | using such things: to tell computers and humans apart. _But
         | that's not the right problem._
         | 
         | Spam and abuse can come from computers, or from humans.
         | 
         | Productive use can come from humans, or from computers.
         | 
         | Abuse prevention should not be about distinguishing computers
         | and humans: it should be about the actual _usage behaviour_.
         | 
         | CAPTCHAs are fundamentally solving the wrong problem. Twenty
         | years ago, they were a tolerable proxy for the right problem:
         | imperfect, but generally good enough. But they have become a
         | worse proxy over time.
         | 
         | Also, "human-friendly CAPTCHAs" are just flat-out impossible in
         | the long term. As you identify, it's _only_ a "for now" thing.
         | Once it's a target, it ceases to be effective. And the range in
         | humans is so broad that it's generally distressingly easy to
         | make a bot exceed the lower reaches of human performance.
         | 
         | > _Proof-of-work CAPTCHAs work well for making bots expensive
         | to run at scale, but they still rely on accurate bot detection.
         | Avoiding both false positives and negatives is crucial, yet all
         | existing approaches are not reliable enough._
         | 
         | Proof-of-work is even more obviously a temporary solution,
         | security by obscurity: it relies upon symmetry in computation
         | power, which is just _wildly_ incorrect. And _all_ of the
         | implementations I know of have made the bone-headed decision to
         | start with SHA-256 hashing, which amplifies this asymmetry to
         | ludicrous degree (factors of tens of thousands with common
         | hardware, to tens of _millions_ with Bitcoin mining hardware).
         | At that point, _forget_ choosing different iteration counts
         | based on bot detection, it doesn't even _matter_.
         | 
         | --***--
         | 
         | The inconvenient truth is: _there is no Final Ultimate Solution
         | to the Spam Problem (FUSSP)._
        
           | imiric wrote:
           | > Spam and abuse can come from computers, or from humans.
           | 
           | > Productive use can come from humans, or from computers.
           | 
           | I agree in principle, but the reality is that 37% of all
           | internet traffic originates from bots[1]. The overwhelming
           | majority of that traffic (89% according to Fastly) can be
           | described as abusive. In turn, the abusive traffic from
           | humans likely pales in comparison. It's vastly cheaper to
           | setup bot farms than mechanical turk farms, and it's only
           | getting cheaper.
           | 
           | Identifying the source of the traffic, while difficult, is a
           | generalizable problem. Whereas tracking specific behavior
           | will depend on each site, and will likely require custom
           | implementation for each type of service. Or it requires
           | invasive tracking of users throughout the duration of their
           | session, as many fraud prevention systems do.
           | 
           | Both approaches can be deployed at the same time. A CAPTCHA
           | is not meant to be the only security solution anyway, but as
           | a first layer of defense that is generally simple to deploy
           | and maintain.
           | 
           | That said, I concede that the sentence "[CAPTCHAs] are the
           | only solution" is wrong. :)
           | 
           | > Proof-of-work is even more obviously a temporary solution,
           | security by obscurity
           | 
           | I disagree, and don't see how it's security by obscurity.
           | It's simply a method of increasing the access cost for
           | abusive traffic. The more signals are gathered that identify
           | the user as abusive, the higher the "price" they're required
           | to pay to access the service. Whether the user is a suspected
           | bot or not could just be one type of signal. Behavioral and
           | cognitive signals as mentioned in TFA can be others. Yes,
           | these methods aren't perfect, and can mistakenly penalize
           | human users and be spoofed by bots, but it's the best we
           | currently have. This is what I'd like to see improved.
           | 
           | Still, even with all their faults, I think PoW CAPTCHAs offer
           | a much better UX than traditional CAPTCHAs ever did. Yes,
           | telling humans apart from computers is getting more
           | difficult, but it doesn't mean that the task is pointless.
           | 
           | [1]: https://learn.fastly.com/rs/025-XKO-469/images/Fastly-
           | Threat...
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | > Proof-of-work is even more obviously a temporary solution,
           | security by obscurity: it relies upon symmetry in computation
           | power, which is just wildly incorrect. And all of the
           | implementations I know of have made the bone-headed decision
           | to start with SHA-256 hashing, which amplifies this asymmetry
           | to ludicrous degree (factors of tens of thousands with common
           | hardware, to tens of millions with Bitcoin mining hardware).
           | At that point, forget choosing different iteration counts
           | based on bot detection, it doesn't even matter.
           | 
           | It takes a long time and enormous amounts of money to make
           | new chips for a specific proof of work. And sites can change
           | their algorithm on a dime. I don't think this is a big issue.
        
             | chrismorgan wrote:
             | _Even disregarding_ the SHA-256 thing, there is unavoidable
             | significant asymmetry and range that renders proof of work
             | unviable. One legitimate user may use a low-end phone,
             | another may have a high-end desktop that can work a hundred
             | or more times as fast _whatever_ technique you use, and an
             | attacker may have a bot net.
             | 
             | It's important to assume, in security and security-adjacent
             | things, that the attacker has more compute power than the
             | defender. _You cannot win in this way._
             | 
             | Proof-of-work is bad rate limiting that relies upon the
             | server having a good estimate of the capabilities of the
             | client. No more, no less.
             | 
             | I bring up the SHA-256 thing as an argument that none of
             | the players in the space are competent. _None_ of them. If
             | you exclude hand-rolled cryptography or known-bad
             | techniques like MD5, SHA-256 is very literally the worst
             | choice remaining: its use in Bitcoin and the rewards
             | available have utterly broken it for this application. If
             | you intend proof of work to _actually_ be the line of
             | defence, you start with something like Argon2d instead. I
             | honestly think that, _at this stage,_ these scripts could
             | replace their proof of work with a "sleep for one second"
             | (maybe adding "or two if I think you're probably a bot")
             | routine and have the server trust that they had done so,
             | without compromising their effectiveness.
        
         | nico wrote:
         | > Proof-of-work CAPTCHAs work well for making bots expensive to
         | run at scale
         | 
         | "Expensive" depends on the value of what you do behind the
         | captcha
         | 
         | There are human-solving captcha services that charge USD 1 for
         | 1k captchas solved (0.1 cents per captcha)
         | 
         | So as long as you can charge more than what solving the
         | captchas cost, you are good to go
         | 
         | Unfortunately, for a lot of tasks, humans are currently cheaper
         | than AI
        
           | econ wrote:
           | There must be hilarious undiscovered unknown rube Goldberg
           | machines out there where a human completes a captcha, then
           | the host sells the captcha to the seller who passes it to
           | next user who passes it to the next website who sells it
           | again and so on.
        
           | msgodel wrote:
           | POW captchas aren't actually captchas, it's just hashcash (IE
           | make sure the person reading the content is using as much or
           | more compute as you are serving it so they can't DOS you
           | either on purpose or accident.) We stopped needing it for a
           | while because compute and bandwidth grew really fast while
           | serverside software mostly stayed the same.
        
             | johnisgood wrote:
             | Agreed, it indeed is Hashcash. I love it. So simple yet
             | effective.
             | 
             | http://www.hashcash.org
             | 
             | https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Hashcash
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashcash
             | 
             | C implementation (feature-rich):
             | https://github.com/hashcash-org/hashcash/tree/master/c
             | 
             | A Factor (Forth-like language) implementation of it: https:
             | //github.com/factor/factor/blob/master/extra/hashcash/...
        
         | dataviz1000 wrote:
         | 1. Create a website with a series of tasks to capture this
         | data.
         | 
         | 2. Send link to coworkers via Slack so they can spend five
         | minutes doing the tasks.
         | 
         | 3. Capture that data and create thousands of slight variations
         | saved to db as profiles
         | 
         | 4. Bypass bot protections.
         | 
         | There is nothing anyone can do to prevent bots.
        
           | ATechGuy wrote:
           | > There is nothing anyone can do to prevent bots.
           | 
           | Are you sure about this?
        
             | dataviz1000 wrote:
             | I was part of the team managing tens of millions of
             | dollars' worth of NFL event-ticket inventory, which meant I
             | had to automate the Ticketmaster UI to delist any ticket
             | that was put into checkout or sold on a secondary market
             | like StubHub. For legal reasons, Ticketmaster wouldn't
             | grant us direct access to their private API while they were
             | still building out the developer API (which our backend
             | team actually helped design), so I spent about half my time
             | reverse-engineering and circumnavigating their bot
             | protections on Ticketmaster, SeatGeek, StubHub, etc. I made
             | it very clear that anyone caught using my code to automate
             | ticket purchases would face serious consequences.
             | 
             | At the time, Ticketmaster's anti-bot measures were the gold
             | standard. They gave us fair warning that they planned to
             | implement Mastercard's SaaS-based solution (same as
             | described in OP's article), so I had everyone on the team
             | capture keyboard-typing cadence, mouse movements, and other
             | behavioral metrics. I used that as the excuse to build a
             | Chrome extension that handled all of those tasks, and I
             | leaned on the backend team to stop procrastinating and
             | integrate the new API endpoints that Ticketmaster was
             | rolling out. For about a week, that extension managed
             | millions of dollars in inventory--until I got our headless
             | browsers back up and running.
             | 
             | In the end, any lock can be picked given enough time; its
             | only real purpose is to add friction until attackers move
             | on to an easier target. But frankly, nobody can stop me
             | from scraping data or automating site interactions if it's
             | more profitable than whatever else I could be working on. I
             | have some ideas how to prevent me from using automated bots
             | but all of the companies I've applied to over the years
             | never respond -- that's on them.
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | > but [PoWs] still rely on accurate bot detection.
         | 
         | No they don't, that's the point: you can serve everyone a PoW
         | and don't have to discriminate and ban real people. This system
         | you're enthusiastic about is what tries to do this "accurate
         | bot detection" (scratch the first word)
        
           | vhcr wrote:
           | The default policy of anubis tries to detect bots and changes
           | the difficulty of the proof of work based on that.
           | 
           | https://github.com/TecharoHQ/anubis/blob/main/data/botPolici.
           | ..
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | Oh... that I regularly see these pages working on a
             | challenge probably says something about my humanness
        
         | msgodel wrote:
         | Everything on the web is a robot, every client is an agent for
         | someone somewhere, some are just more automated.
         | 
         | Distinguishing en mass seems like a waste to me. Deal with the
         | actual problems like resource abuse.
         | 
         | I think part of the issue is that a lot of people are lying to
         | themselves that they "love the public" when in reality they
         | really don't and want nothing to do with them. They lack the
         | introspection to untangle that though and express themselves
         | with different technical solutions.
        
           | bobbiechen wrote:
           | I do think the answer is two-pronged: roll out the red carpet
           | for "good bots", add friction for "bad bots".
           | 
           | I work for Stytch and for us, that looks like:
           | 
           | 1) make it easy to provide Connected Apps experiences, like
           | OAuth-style consent screens "Do you want to grant MyAgent
           | access to your Google Drive files?"
           | 
           | 2) make it easy to detect all bots and shift them towards the
           | happy path. For example, "Looks like you're scraping my
           | website for AI training. If you want to see the content
           | easily, just grab it all at /LLMs.txt instead."
           | 
           | As other comments mention, bot traffic is overwhelmingly
           | malicious. Being able to cheaply distinguish bots and add
           | friction makes your life as a defending team much easier.
        
             | msgodel wrote:
             | IMO if it looks like a bot and doesn't follow robots.txt
             | you should just start feeding it noise. Ignoring robots.txt
             | makes you a bad netizen.
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | > They're the only solution to the growing spam and abuse
         | problem on the web
         | 
         | They're the only solution that doesn't require a pre-existing
         | trust relationship, but the web is more of a dark forest every
         | day and captchas cannot save us from that. Eventually we're
         | going to have to buckle down and maintain a web of trust.
         | 
         | If you notice abuse, you see which common node caused you to
         | trust the abusers, and you revoke trust in that node (and,
         | transitively, everything that it previously caused you to
         | trust).
        
           | imiric wrote:
           | That might be the way to go. Someone else in the thread
           | mentioned a similar reputation system.
           | 
           | The problem is that such a system could be easily abused or
           | misused. A bad actor could intentionally or mistakenly
           | penalize users, which would have global consequences for
           | those users. So we need a web of trust for the judges as
           | well, and some way of disputing and correcting the mistake.
           | 
           | It would be interesting to prototype it, though, and see how
           | it could work at scale.
        
             | nhecker wrote:
             | Hyphanet (formerly Freenet) uses a similar Web of Trust, if
             | you want to see a real-life example in action. Maybe
             | Freenet still uses a WoT as well, I'm not sure.
        
             | fennecbutt wrote:
             | Well, apathetic society needs to band together to hold
             | those bad actors to account.
             | 
             | I don't see this ever happening, though.
        
             | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
             | > we need a web of trust for the judges as well
             | 
             | I don't think there should be any judges (or to put it
             | differently, I think every user should be a judge), nor any
             | centralized database, no roots of trust at all. That way it
             | doesn't present any high value targets for corruption to
             | focus on.
             | 
             | The trustworthiness of a user in some domain (won't-DOS-
             | your-page could be a trust domain, writes-honest-product-
             | reviews could be a domain, not-a-scammer, etc) as evaluated
             | by some other individual would have to do with some
             | aggregation of the shortest paths (and their associated
             | trust scores) between those to users on the trust graph.
             | 
             | There is no trust score for user foo, only a trust score
             | for user foo according to user bar. User baz might see foo
             | differently.
             | 
             | If you get scammed, you don't revoke trust in the scammer.
             | Well, you do, but you also go one-hop-back and revoke trust
             | in whoever caused you to trust the scammer. This creates
             | incentives towards trust hygiene. If you don't want people
             | to stop trusting you, then you have to be careful about who
             | you trust. It's a protocol-level proxy for a skill we've
             | been honing for millenia: looking out for each other.
             | 
             | But it doesn't work if there's just a single company that
             | tracks your FICO score or something like that. Either that
             | company ends up being too juicy of a target and ends up
             | itself becoming corrupt, or people attack the weak
             | association between user and company such that the company
             | can't actually tell the difference between a scammer and a
             | legit user (the latter is the case for the credit score
             | companies, hence: identity fraud).
             | 
             | Attacks like that are much harder to pull off if the source
             | of truth isn't some remote database somewhere and is
             | instead based on the set of people you see every day in
             | meatspace.
        
         | 21ce2 wrote:
         | I run a company that relies on bots getting past captchas. It's
         | not hard to get past captchas like this. Anyone with even a
         | medium-sized economic incentive will figure it out. There'll
         | probably be free open-source solutions soon.
        
         | emrehan wrote:
         | https://zkpassport.id could be used to prove that you've a
         | government ID with NFC capabilities, without revealing anything
         | like your nation.
         | 
         | https://docs.zkpassport.id/faq
         | https://docs.zkpassport.id/examples/personhood
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | I hope people have some self-respect not to show their ID to
           | use a website.
        
         | fennecbutt wrote:
         | I think we'll have to go with id connected to a real human
         | eventually tbh.
         | 
         | Y'all will balk at that but in a decade or so I think we'll
         | have no other choice.
         | 
         | But even that will fail since certain countries will likely be
         | less precious about their system for this and spammers will
         | still get fake ids. Same problem as now with phone numbers/rcs
         | spam.
        
       | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
       | The problem has never been that some bots could eventually seem
       | like they were human. The problem is and will continue to be that
       | many humans (millions upon millions) look like bots.
       | 
       | Have you never once looked at the captcha and couldn't decide
       | whether the 3 pixels of the motorcycle sticking out into the grid
       | square meant that you should select that grid square too? Not
       | once? As the tests become ever more sophisticated, more and more
       | of you all will be locked out.
        
         | baby_souffle wrote:
         | Or you'll get the "click all squares with a stop light" prompt
         | and it's a closeup of a signal light so you just click
         | everything... But if you get it correct _and_ too quick l,
         | you're a bot!
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | Is the guy on the motorcycle part of the motorcycle? I guess
         | no.
         | 
         | Is the big box on the back seat part of the motorcycle? I guess
         | yes.
         | 
         | Who can be sure???
        
       | kjok wrote:
       | Solutions relying on JavaScript that runs in user-controlled
       | browsers are vulnerable to attacks and manipulation.
        
         | _df wrote:
         | >Solutions relying on JavaScript ...
         | 
         | ... break the Web.
         | 
         | ftfy
        
       | TechDebtDevin wrote:
       | I personally work on this all day everyday, you're never going to
       | find my crawlers, stop trying lmfao.
        
         | erekp wrote:
         | same. good luck finding us out there - we can replicate all the
         | patterns you point out there. been in this industry for 10
         | years now :)
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Just don't cause problems on purpose and almost nobody will
           | care about blocking you. Don't be an asshole.
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | >How much can these behavioral patterns be spoofed? This remains
       | an ongoing question, but the evidence to date is optimistic.
       | Academic studies have found behavioral biometrics to be robust
       | against attacks under adversarial conditions, and industry
       | validation from top financial institutions demonstrates real-
       | world resilience
       | 
       | I have the opposite view. This already played out in the
       | Minecraft community and it turns out ghost clients are effective
       | in spoofing such behavioral signals and avoiding anticheat. Also
       | I doubt you can get any meaningful signal from the couple of a
       | seconds a user's ai agent is scrolling through a site.
        
       | joshmarinacci wrote:
       | I feel like we are fighting the wrong battle here. Eventually AI
       | bot behavior online will be indistinguishable from human, but so
       | what?! We've had teams of underpaid humans being paid to be
       | organic bots for years now.
       | 
       | Whether the person interacting with your website is human or not
       | isn't relevant anymore. What matters is what they are doing; be
       | they human, bot, or AI agent.
        
         | butundstand wrote:
         | You have to understand the motive to understand why this is a
         | problem; their startups haven't unicorned yet. They never had a
         | fallback plan so humanity must cling to web app driven
         | economics until they unicorn.
         | 
         | See also Elon demanding ad spend on his platform or like it's
         | literally just like when the Nazis invaded Poland. Anyone got
         | some E? PLUR, bro but also fewer vacay days for you.
         | 
         | Empty economic activity driven by fiat decree of wealth
         | hoarders suffering from post war and Cold War and leaded gas
         | fume, lead water fueled paranoias and psychosis.
         | 
         | People made insane by memorization of illusory social
         | obligations to history always run the world.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | IMO in most cases, the _real_ need is to ensure the new account
         | has  "skin in the game", so that their requests are not
         | frivolous and they will "care" about the good standing of their
         | account.
        
       | bwfan123 wrote:
       | We also need an inverse turing test. ie, detect humans pretending
       | to be AI.
       | 
       | Like the case recently of builder.ai which had humans pretending
       | to be ai.
       | 
       | Turing was a visionary - but even he could not imagine a time
       | when humans pretend to be bots.
        
         | jenadine wrote:
         | Yet, human pretending to be machine have existed for centuries
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_Turk
        
         | hobs wrote:
         | Not so far fetched, The Mechanical Turk was created in the
         | 1700s, so that already happened a long time before Turing was
         | born.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I've wanted to create a wiki for a hobby for a long time, but I
       | don't want to get stuck in spam and abuse reports, which just
       | becomes more of a given with each passing year.
       | 
       | With a hobby wiki, eventual consistency is fine. I believe ghost
       | bans and quarantine and some sort of invisible captcha would go a
       | long way toward my goal, but it's hard to find invisible captcha.
       | 
       | There was a research project long ago that used high resolution
       | data from keyboards to determine who was typing. The idea was not
       | to use the typing pattern as a password, but to flag suspicious
       | activity. To have someone walk past that desk to see if Sally
       | hurt her arm playing tennis this weekend of if Dave is fucking
       | around on her computer while she's in a meeting
       | 
       | That's about the level I'm looking for. Assume everyone is a bot
       | during a probationary period and put accounts into buckets of
       | likely human, likely bot, and unknown.
       | 
       | What I'd have to work out though is temporary storage for
       | candidate edits in a way they cannot fill up my database. A way
       | to throttle them and throw some away if they hit a limit.
       | Otherwise it's still a DOS attack.
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | How does one graduate from probation, while being hellbanned /
         | having your contribution quarantined? Since I'm certainly not
         | wasting my time doing a second contribution so long as the
         | first one isn't getting approved, it sounds like this would
         | have to be a manual process or you'd lose out on new
         | contributors that are seeing their work go to /dev/null and
         | never returning
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Do you believe what we are doing now is working? Because with
           | the exception of places like this the internet sure looks
           | pretty Dead to me.
           | 
           | You always have to show people their own edits. It's a common
           | form of proofreading. But what's added and how often does
           | matter. Misinformation is one thing. External links are
           | potentially something much worse. I used to think SO had it
           | figured out as far as mutual policing, but that's not working
           | so well now either.
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | I'm not sure what e.g. showing one one's own change
             | answers. Do you manually review submissions or how does get
             | one out of this initial "put everyone in quarantine" state?
             | 
             | I'm also not sure what "we" are doing now that makes the
             | web look dead to you. I receive no more email spam than ten
             | years ago, less if anything, and I haven't seen any spam on
             | the places that I frequent like HN, stackexchange,
             | wikipedia, mastodon, signal, github, etc.
        
               | busymom0 wrote:
               | > and I haven't seen any spam on the places that I
               | frequent like HN, stackexchange, wikipedia, mastodon,
               | signal, github, etc.
               | 
               | Could that just be because the modern LLM generated spam
               | doesn't look like old-school spam? Just recently we
               | learnt that a university conducted a study on Reddit
               | changemyview subreddit using LLM generated comments
               | without getting caught.
        
               | lucb1e wrote:
               | If you let good old spam bots loose on a forum, it will
               | outnumber legit messages ten to one easily. If someone
               | uses an LLM to argue about certain topics, that's not
               | spam. It's manipulative, and clearly abusive if there is
               | no human in the loop, but there's no commercial message
               | they're spreading, or at least I'm not seeing any 'buy
               | xyz here <link>', nor off-topic messages
               | 
               | Then again, I noticed a few years ago in a previous "when
               | to report as spam" discussion on HN that this is a lost
               | cause. People will label things _they signed up for_ as
               | spam because they didn 't want to receive it anymore, and
               | others defended that behavior. Abuse and manipulation
               | might as well go in that same category of "anything I
               | don't want to read == spam", just know that when you say
               | "spam", there's some people like me who will understand
               | what it used to mean and try to interpret the message as
               | referring to things such as the stereotypical viagra spam
        
               | busymom0 wrote:
               | They may not exactly be posting 'buy xyz here <link>' but
               | they can use LLM's human like sentences to advocate
               | for/against whichever product some company wants. A lot
               | of people rely on google searching "best monitor for Mac
               | Reddit" to get reddit results. However, with LLM, these
               | no longer seem reliable.
        
               | lucb1e wrote:
               | I guess that can be spam but I'm not seeing a ton of that
               | either, so it's still not obvious to me we're losing this
               | or that war
               | 
               | The thing we're losing is the open web where anyone can
               | view any page and buy any product they can afford without
               | being banned (edit: or, reading back up what this was
               | about, contributing to projects without the input going
               | to /dev/null apparently)
        
         | timshell wrote:
         | Happy to help if I can :)
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I think the real purpose of Google's recaptcha is to punish
       | people who have privacy settings turned on, and gather training
       | data for AI research.
        
       | logsr wrote:
       | In a few more years there will probably be virtually no human
       | users of web sites and apps. Everything will be through an AI
       | agent mediation layer. Building better CAPTCHAs is interesting
       | technically, but it is doubling down on a failed solution that
       | nobody actually wants. What is needed is an authentication layer
       | that allows agents to act on behalf of registered users with
       | economic incentives to control usage. CAPTCHA has always been an
       | economic bar only, since they are easy to farm out to human
       | solvers, and it is a very low bar. Having an agent API with usage
       | charges is a much better solution because it compensates
       | operators instead of wasting the cost of solving CAPTCHAs. Maybe
       | this will finally be the era of micro payments?
        
         | mdahardy wrote:
         | Co-founder of Roundtable here.
         | 
         | I agree that better authentication methods for AI agents are
         | needed. But right now bots and malicious agents are a real
         | problem for anyone running sites with significant traffic. In
         | the long run I don't think human traffic will go to zero even
         | if its relative proportion is reduced.
        
         | contagiousflow wrote:
         | > Building better CAPTCHAs is interesting technically, but it
         | is doubling down on a failed solution that nobody actually
         | wants
         | 
         | I want it. I don't want my message boards to be people's AI
         | agents...
        
         | emporas wrote:
         | Certainly. An authentication layer, and everything else
         | customizable by the user.
         | 
         | The web, HTML that is, is a grammar, an app is a grammar, the
         | buttons of my car are a grammar, I want each grammar served,
         | transformed to my grammar however I like it, probably org-mode
         | file grammar.
         | 
         | I don't want each website's colors, or clickable elements to be
         | determined by any other person than the user. There are themes,
         | I want to select exactly what theme I am browsing the internet
         | today. I also want my fridge to be connected to the internet,
         | accessed using an authentication layer on top of IPv6, and
         | using it's functionality with a grammar.
         | 
         | In other words, the web, browsers, apps and physical buttons
         | will go down the drain soon and they will be replaced by
         | something which can open and manipulate org filetypes.
         | 
         | The web was/is a huge financial bubble anyway, and it will
         | burst quickly when that happens.
        
         | catlifeonmars wrote:
         | In this few years scenario why would there be a need for
         | websites anyway? The bots can just use APIs.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | > allows agents to act on behalf of registered users with
         | economic incentives to control usage
         | 
         | There's a huge economy out there based on wasting _human_ time.
         | They explicitly do not want agents acting on behalf of humans,
         | because it means human time is no longer being wasted.
         | 
         | They also don't want to get paid in _money_ , because the money
         | would go to a different profit center. The only payment they
         | accept (because they use that as a metric to justify their
         | salary) is "engagement" aka proof of wasted _human_ time.
        
           | sly010 wrote:
           | Nah. You misunderstood. "They" don't make money on human time
           | wasted. They make money on ads served. They don't
           | particularly care if the ads were served to humans or agents,
           | they get paid either way. Bot-traffic is actually good for
           | tech companies because it inflates numbers. Capthas are not
           | there to waste our time, but are there to improve their
           | credibility ("We are certain those ad-clicks were real humans
           | because the captha said so").
        
       | mzmzmzm wrote:
       | All of the behavioral analysis stuff going on in the background
       | makes me wonder if big accessibility problems are brewing. If
       | we're looking at how naturally keystrokes are input, what does
       | that mean for someone who uses dictation tools that generate text
       | in chunks? Will this strategy make accessibility worse in
       | unforeseen ways?
        
       | illegally wrote:
       | It's pointless, it's just a matter of time when AI agents will be
       | able to mimic human behavior exactly (they probably already do,
       | it's just not public).
       | 
       | These tests here are easily bypassable, just adding a random
       | delay somewhere during the action phases to mimic humans, and
       | there's already tools for mimicking human mouse movements.
        
       | adityaagr wrote:
       | This is a super clean research post! Absolutely loved the demos
       | too
        
       | koalaman wrote:
       | I'm not sure reCAPTCHA is really trying to detect automated vs
       | human interaction with a browser. The primary use-case is to
       | detect abusive use. The distinction here is if I automate my own
       | browser to do things for me on sites using my personal account
       | may not be a problem for site owners, while a spam operation or
       | reselling operation which generates thousands of false accounts
       | using automation is a big problem that they'd want to be able to
       | block. I think reCAPTCHA is tailored towards the latter, and for
       | it not to block the former might be more of a feature than a bug.
        
         | roguecoder wrote:
         | LinkedIn, for example, doesn't care if you as a human are
         | manually looking at all your connections one-by-one or if you
         | have automated a bot to do it: it will lock you out the same
         | either way.
        
       | b0a04gl wrote:
       | assume this is basically nosedive but for presence on the
       | internet. except you don't rate anyone. your device, motion,
       | latency, and scroll inertia get rated by some pipeline you'll
       | never see. and that's what decides what version of the site you
       | get.
       | 
       | > what if the turing test already runs silently across every site
       | you open. just passive gating based on scroll cadence, mouse
       | entropy, input lag without captcha or prompt
       | 
       | >what if you already failed one today. maybe your browser
       | fingerprint was too rare, maybe your keyboard rhythm matched a
       | bot cluster from six months ago. so the UI throttled by 200ms. or
       | the request just 403'd.
       | 
       | > what if the system doesn't need to prove you're a bot. it just
       | needs a small enough doubt to skip serving you the real content.
       | 
       | > what if human is no longer biological but statistical. a moving
       | average of behavior trained on telemetry from five metro cities.
       | everyone outside that gets misclassified.
       | 
       | >what if you'll never know. timeline loads emptier than someone
       | else with explicit rejection to the content
        
       | loandbehold wrote:
       | Aren't those distinctions only work because bots aren't
       | specifically designed to circumvent them? If you have an arms
       | race between bots and bot detectors, eventually bots will learn
       | to overcome them to the point that you can't distinguish human
       | and bot.
        
       | lucb1e wrote:
       | And so what am I supposed to do if a false positive happens?
       | 
       | I use keyboard navigation on many pages. Using the firefox
       | setting "search when you start typing", I don't have to hit
       | ctrl+f to search on the page, I just type what I want to click on
       | and press enter or ctrl+enter for a new browser tab, or press
       | (shift+)tab to go to the nearest (previous/next) input field.
       | When I open HN, it's muscle memory: ctrl+t (new tab) new enter
       | (autocompletes to the domain) thr enter (go to threads page)
       | anything new? type first few chars of username, shift+tab+tab
       | enter to upvote. Done? Backspace to go back. View comments of a
       | link? Type last char of a word in the link, space, and first char
       | of next word, that's almost always unique on the page, then
       | escape, type men, enter, to almost always activate the comment
       | link. Or shift+tab enter instead to upvote. On the comments page,
       | reading top-level comments is either searching for [ and then
       | enter+f3 when I want to collapse the next one, space for page
       | down... Don't have to take my hands off the home row
       | 
       | etc. on lots of website, also ones I've never visited before
       | (it'll be slower and less habitual of course, but still: if there
       | is text near to where I want to go, I'm typing it). I use the
       | mouse as well, but I find it harder to use than the keys that are
       | always in the same place, much easier to press
       | 
       | So will it _tell me_ that my mouse movements don 't look human
       | enough or will I see a "Sorry, something went wrong" http 403
       | error and have no clue if it's tracking cookies, my IP address,
       | that I don't use Google Chrome(r), that I went through pages too
       | fast, that I didn't come past the expected page (where a cookie
       | gets set) but clicked on a search result directly, that I have a
       | bank in country A but residence in country B, that I now did too
       | many tries in figuring out which of these factors is blocking
       | me.... I can give examples of websites where I got blocked in the
       | last ~2 months for each of these. It's such a minefield. The only
       | thing that always passes is proof-of-work CPU challenges, but I
       | dread to think what poor/eco people with slow/old computers are
       | facing. Will this "invisible" captcha (yeah, invisible until you
       | get banned) at least tell me how I'm supposed to give my money to
       | whatever service or webshop will use this?
        
         | ivanjermakov wrote:
         | I also use keyboard navigation and Vimium's quick link actions,
         | and I often catch CAPCHAs and rate limiting on some websites
         | because I'm too fast. Fun times!
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Previous CAPTCHAs were based on tasks humans could do but
       | machines could not. The machines caught up and passed humans on
       | those tasks. These new tasks are based on the concept that humans
       | are _dumber_ than AI agents, making more mistakes and showing
       | more randomness.
       | 
       | It might work for a while, but that's a losing battle.
        
         | timshell wrote:
         | > These new tasks are based on the concept that humans are
         | dumber than AI agents, making more mistakes and showing more
         | randomness.
         | 
         | Hi this is incorrect. Different =/= dumber. The insight is that
         | humans and computers have different constraints / algorithmic
         | capabilities / objective functions / etc.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | For a few more years, humans who haven't been laid off yet
           | can believe that.
        
       | avoutos wrote:
       | Anyone know how this compares to Cloudflare Turnstile?
        
       | renegat0x0 wrote:
       | So recently two things have happened. I have been banned on
       | reddit technology, and warned on other subreddit that I behave
       | like a bot.
       | 
       | Maybe it was my fault to advertise my own solution in comments.
       | 
       | Such behavior however triggered bot detection. I might have
       | behaved like a NPC. So currently a human can be identified as a
       | bot, and banned on that premise. Crazy times.
       | 
       | Currently I feel I _must_ act like a human.
        
         | ivanjermakov wrote:
         | I read your comment with a robot voice, kidding. False
         | positives are always gonna be the problem.
        
       | ATechGuy wrote:
       | Please don't deploy this on the internet, it may block real users
       | and lock them out.
        
       | throwaway48476 wrote:
       | Not all automation is malicious. AI promised us agents that will
       | browse the web for us. PoW is useful in that the difficulty can
       | be scaled to prevent egregious abuse but still lower the cost
       | enough to allow non malicious use.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | It's malicious if your compensation depends on wasting _human_
         | time. Sadly, a lot of people 's careers and compensation does
         | depend on that.
        
       | lugu wrote:
       | It is late and I am thinking out load. How about a reputation
       | system where users bring proof that other websites haven't found
       | them abusive.
       | 
       | Visit a website that require identification. Generate a random
       | unique identifier in your user agent. Live your life on that
       | site. Download from that site a certificate that prove that your
       | didn't abuse their site. Repeat that a few times.
       | 
       | Visit the site that wants to know if you are an abusive user.
       | Share your certificates. They get to choose if they accept you.
       | 
       | If you abuse that site, it reports the abuse to the other sites
       | that delivered you a certificate. Those sites gets to decide if
       | they revoke their certificate or not.
       | 
       | It is a self policying system that require some level of
       | cooperation. Users make themselves vulnerable to the risk of
       | having sites they like loose trust in them.
        
         | rcstank wrote:
         | Sounds like a privacy nightmare. Also, what one site calls
         | abuse, another wouldn't.
        
         | spondylosaurus wrote:
         | Some stuff would definitely either slip through the cracks OR
         | tarnish the reputation of legitimate users. What happens when
         | someone's device gets compromised by a botnet that silently
         | clicks ads in the background or turns that device into part of
         | a DDoS army?
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | Why would anyone even expect a perfectly zero false-positive
           | and false-negative rate in the first place?
        
         | lq9AJ8yrfs wrote:
         | > It is a self policying system that require some level of
         | cooperation.
         | 
         | How hard is it to obtain one of these certificates as a bot?
         | 
         | What you are describing though is possibly comparable to
         | Privacypass.
         | 
         | Apple seems to be on board with Privacypass, perhaps they'll
         | include a digital voucher of some kind with their devices and
         | that presumably contributes to old devices getting worse as the
         | voucher is spent down.
         | 
         | Just imagine if the whole web can contribute to planned
         | obsolescence and you can pay for a fast, hassle free internet
         | experience again just by buying a new phone.
         | 
         | And then you can dump the old ones on eBay for cheap as long as
         | you don't plan on using them to access online services. Unless
         | you are willing to settle for basic economy web experience.
        
         | awb wrote:
         | PageRank worked well for Google for a long time. This sounds
         | like an adaptation of that that's interesting to consider.
        
         | driverdan wrote:
         | Absolutely not. You should not want a service to do privacy
         | invasive cross site tracking like that.
        
           | dadoum wrote:
           | There are cryptography primitives allowing you to privately
           | make an intersection of the certificates you have and the
           | providers the site would trust and compute a kind of score
           | while not exposing any of your certificates or which
           | providers trusted you amongst them. (the only thing is that a
           | website could extract the knowledge that one specific
           | provider trusted you if they only trust one, but that could
           | probably be fixed with a better protocol that the one I have
           | in mind).
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | _> How about a reputation system where users bring proof that
         | other websites haven 't found them abusive._
         | 
         | If you're not careful something like that can subvert the
         | efforts to reduce cross-site tracking, but you can do resolve
         | this with thoughtful cryptography:
         | https://privacysandbox.google.com/protections/private-state-...
        
       | thatcat wrote:
       | If the general Internet was based on torrents, then the required
       | upload ratio enforcement would have ensured bots contribute to
       | the reliability rather than destabilize the infrastructure.
        
         | ivanjermakov wrote:
         | The problem would move from verifying legitimacy of agent
         | actions to legitimacy of agent reputation, which might even be
         | easier to spoof.
        
       | curtisblaine wrote:
       | AFAIK, reCaptcha is not based on user behaviour anymore since v3,
       | but uses proprietary network host information from Google. See
       | this issue opened in 2018:
       | https://github.com/google/recaptcha/issues/235
        
       | Nevermark wrote:
       | The problem becomes simpler if you turn it around.
       | 
       | It is getting easier and easier to create questions/problems that
       | humans can't answer at LLM speed.
       | 
       | Of course, that solves a complementary problem, not the original.
       | But in terms of instances, by any definition, the demographics
       | are quickly moving in one direction.
        
       | protocolture wrote:
       | I have noticed that a particular website will tell me I fail
       | captcha half the time, until I resize my browser from a square to
       | a rectangle.
       | 
       | Took me ages to figure out what its issue was.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | Or you could just ask it to count how many letters are in certain
       | words.
        
       | xarope wrote:
       | > Take for example the Stroop task . It's a classic psychology
       | experiment where humans select the color a word is written it and
       | not what the word says. Humans typically show slower responses
       | when the meaning of a word conflicts with its color (e.g., the
       | word "BLUE" written in green), reflecting an overriding of
       | automatic behavior . Bots and AI agents, by contrast, are not
       | subject to such interference and can respond with consistent
       | speed regardless of stimuli.
       | 
       | So I completely disagree with this; you can train youself to
       | completely ignore the color and just read/act on the word very
       | fast. In fact, this is a game that people play.
        
       | sly010 wrote:
       | First off, I always thought the type of things described
       | (tracking mouse movements, keypress jitter, etc) are already done
       | by ReCacpha to decide when to present the user with a captcha. I
       | am surprised they are not already doing this.
       | 
       | Second, I am surprised AI agents are this naive. I thought they
       | would emulate human behavior better.
       | 
       | In fact, just based on this article, very little effort has been
       | put into this race on either side.
       | 
       | So I wonder if is has to do with the fact that if companies like
       | google reliably filtered out bot traffic, they would loose 90% of
       | their AD revenue. This way they have plausible deniability.
        
         | fredfish wrote:
         | They were very proud of this mouse movement stuff when the
         | desktop was 70% of traffic.. It's not worth as much investment
         | as its been given since there's no group limiting people to one
         | HID method and removing accessibility from world.
        
       | dsekz wrote:
       | Plenty of improvements to mouse movement algorithms have already
       | been made and they're still evolving. While the blog post and the
       | product it introduces offer some interesting ideas, they don't
       | yet reach the robustness of modern anti-bot solutions and still
       | trail current industry standards. I doubt it would take me - or
       | any average reverse engineer - more than five seconds to bypass
       | something like this. There are already numerous open source mouse
       | movement libraries available; and even if they didn't exist,
       | writing one wouldn't be difficult. Yes, mouse movement or
       | keyboard data can be quite powerful in a modern anti-bot stack
       | and an in depth analysis of it is genuinely valuable, but on its
       | own it's still insufficient. Relying on this data alone isn't
       | costly for the attacker and offers little real protection.
        
         | klaussilveira wrote:
         | > they don't yet reach the robustness of modern anti-bot
         | solutions
         | 
         | Like what?
        
       | randomtoast wrote:
       | Isn't it possible to emulate mouse movements and keypress jitter
       | using a neural network trained on human data in order to simulate
       | human behavior?
        
       | Saris wrote:
       | I feel like analyzing keystrokes or mouse movements is just going
       | to punish people who use password managers that autofill for
       | them. It does seem like I get more captchas when on sites because
       | of that.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | Personally I think CAPTCHAs are harmful. They defend the
       | enshittification economy, preventing the development of tools
       | that protect human users of the web right in a time when it is
       | more practical than ever to develop those tools.
       | 
       | Even in 2009 I knew people who were using neural networks (in PHP
       | no less!) to decode CAPTCHAs with superhuman peformance. I see
       | the whole thing as performative as those things get in my way
       | tens or hundreds of times a day when I browse the web as a human
       | but in years of webcrawling they didn't give me any trouble until
       | the last two weeks.
        
       | codedokode wrote:
       | Recently I started getting a captcha when trying to use Google,
       | probably because of VPN or Linux. I decided to switch to bing and
       | duckduckgo. Dear Google, go solve your captchas yourself.
        
         | instagib wrote:
         | Turning on Firefox anti fingerprinting triggered it for me.
        
       | instagib wrote:
       | Anyone tried creating a new GitHub account lately? I considered
       | using AI to help get past the proof of work requirement.
       | 
       | The imagery test had me click dragging the finger pointing to see
       | if I could line up with the animal. Probably 80% success.
       | 
       | Audio detect two different people with heavy accents speaking vs
       | singular people speaking was my lowest score probably 60-70%.
       | 
       | Music switching instruments was around 70% also.
       | 
       | Ultimately I passed after many attempts on the imagery detection.
        
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