[HN Gopher] America's incarceration rate is in decline
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       America's incarceration rate is in decline
        
       Author : paulpauper
       Score  : 55 points
       Date   : 2025-06-25 17:14 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theatlantic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theatlantic.com)
        
       | gjdoslhx wrote:
       | https://archive.is/pe7eH
        
       | pengaru wrote:
       | Does that mean we can stop keeping mouth wash and deodorant
       | behind lock and key on store shelves and resume locking up the
       | criminals making messes of our cities?
        
         | outside1234 wrote:
         | This turned out to not actually be a thing:
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/08/business/organized-shopli...
        
           | arduanika wrote:
           | pengaru did not say anything about organized shoplifting. The
           | lock and key were definitely a thing, and still are. Please
           | read comments before responding to them.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | Come visit SF and let's go shopping downtown.
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | It's unclear if the decline in prisoners stems from a decline
         | in crime. While I generally believe the statistics that
         | _violent_ crime has decreased, it may be the case that the
         | judicial system and even the government in general just have no
         | enthusiasm for prosecuting or punishing it.
         | 
         | In short, no, they won't stop locking it up. They wouldn't even
         | if there was a decline in petty crime... those locks are so
         | that they can staff the store with 2 people instead of 5.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | > those locks are so that they can staff the store with 2
           | people instead of 5.
           | 
           | Maybe in some cases that's true, but it's definitely not true
           | for the few big box stores I frequent in SF where this
           | practice occurs. The Target on 4th street has significantly
           | more staff running around constantly unlocking things and
           | tending to this sort of b.s. than they would otherwise. I'm
           | not sure who pays for the tactical gear wearing security
           | guards at the entrance looking ready for Iraq, but it can't
           | be cheap.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | > The Target on 4th street has significantly more staff
             | running around constantly unlocking things and tending to
             | this sort of b.s. than they would otherwise.
             | 
             | Are you certain, or were they running 3 people ragged who
             | will burn out in a month and quit? Constant motion can make
             | it seem like there are more people, but I also remember the
             | 1990s and seeing at least one person per department in a
             | Kmart, some just monitoring their area. A bigbox store like
             | Target would've had 2 people for the cash registers up
             | front, at least one in customer service, and one per
             | department during off-peak hours. If you're telling me
             | you're seeing a dozen people for certain, I'll believe you,
             | but I am wondering if it wasn't actually fewer.
             | 
             | And besides all that, I was thinking more along the lines
             | of CVS and Walgreens, which are the stores I know of
             | locking everything behind glass.
        
           | antonymoose wrote:
           | I live in a deep Red Bible thumping, back the blue, law and
           | order county / state.
           | 
           | About 7 years ago a former schoolmate of mine shot a man 6
           | times over a bad drug deal, fled the state to California. He
           | was captured by the US Marshal and brought back to the county
           | jail where he bonded out after 3 month.
           | 
           | After his bonding out, he drove over to the victim's parent's
           | house and performed a drive-by shooting, injuring none but
           | did kill livestock.
           | 
           | He was arrested again, taken to the county jail, and bonded
           | out after several months.
           | 
           | The issue finally reached a plea bargain, they dropped all
           | charges related to both shooting, had him plead guilty to
           | felony firearms charge, and gave him time served and 5 years
           | probation.
           | 
           | This man is a grown adult with felony priors, and got a
           | proverbial slap on the wrist. Never saw a day of state
           | prison, likely never will.
           | 
           | If this is how we treat serious violent crime, I'm not
           | surprised in TFA at all.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | There should be statutory limitations for prosecutors
             | concerning the use of plea deals. No more than 1% of cases
             | in any calendar year should be permitted to even offer plea
             | deals, so that they use that tool sparingly and only when
             | appropriate. If they waste it out of laziness or apathy,
             | then the subsequent cases that year would have to be
             | brought to trial.
             | 
             | This would cut down on alot of the bullshit (and not just
             | for cases like the one you describe, but where plea
             | bargaining is used to bully people into pleading guilty
             | where they are not).
        
               | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
               | Most convictions are due to plea deals. If you limit that
               | tool, people would simply have charges dropped due to
               | Sixth Amendment violations and people languishing in
               | prison awaiting trials. It would be gridlock.
               | 
               | "Plea bargaining accounts for almost 98 percent of
               | federal convictions and 95 percent of state convictions
               | in the United States."
               | 
               | https://legalknowledgebase.com/what-percentage-of-
               | criminal-c...
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | I think a public trial serves as a form of oversight.
               | Widespread plea bargaining means we'll never know how
               | many of these people even committed crimes, much less how
               | the justice system operates.
        
             | Kon-Peki wrote:
             | I live in super liberal Illinois, which recently ended cash
             | bail. It was a rough transition period but now it is fully
             | implemented and every judge and prosecutor knows how
             | everything works.
             | 
             | Cook County Jail (Chicago and close-in suburbs) population
             | is higher than it has been in over a decade. They had to
             | reopen a section of the jail to deal with it. Because
             | people who do what that guy did no longer get to bond out.
             | If someone fled to California and got brought back by the
             | Marshal's service, he's sitting in jail until trial. And
             | _he_ is the one that needs to negotiate and offer
             | concessions.
             | 
             | Note: crime is now dropping a lot [1]. Trying setting the
             | date range to "last 28 days"
             | 
             | [1] https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/sites/vrd/home.html
        
           | techjamie wrote:
           | Asset Protection manager here. Our protection decisions are
           | based on theft trends independent from our staffing. And
           | generally, the theft scales with how much business a store
           | receives, rather than how many staff they employ.
           | 
           | More staff won't solve theft significantly because thieves
           | carry the target merchandise to a less securely monitored
           | area of the store. If they see an employee in an aisle,
           | they'll move down another aisle where there isn't. And you
           | can't have a person everywhere.
           | 
           | If anything, putting something behind glass increases staff
           | because we have to keep that area covered as much as possible
           | so we get those sales.
        
       | mauvehaus wrote:
       | From the end of World War II until the mid-1970s, the proportion
       | of Americans in prison each year never exceeded 120 per 100,000
       | 
       | That's a funny way of saying 0.12%. Is there a reason for this?
       | It sure doesn't make it easy to compare the numbers they're
       | giving with other numbers given as percentages.
       | 
       | I guess if you're considering a sufficiently small population you
       | could go from ~600,000 people in Vermont * 120/100,000 -> ~720
       | imprisoned people in Vermont trivially, but we're the second
       | smallest state. This certainly doesn't scale to cities over a
       | million. At least I'd start having to think harder about it.
        
         | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
         | > 120 per 100,000 ... Is there a reason for this?
         | 
         | Crime statistics (e.g. homicides) are often quoted as 'n per
         | 100,000 population'.
         | 
         | It's probably also easier for mental math, e.g. here's a city
         | with 1 million population, that's 10 100Ks, so 1200 people in
         | prison.
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | It also lets you abstract away or compare to stats that are
           | scaled to population but might not be 1:1 with a person, e.g.
           | "thefts per 100,000 population per year" where one person
           | might either commit or be the victim of multiple thefts in a
           | year.
        
         | everforward wrote:
         | 120 per 100,000 includes significant digits. 0.12% could be
         | anywhere from 120-124 per 100,000. You'd really want 0.120%,
         | but that's confusing for different reasons.
         | 
         | Worse would be 1,000 per 100,000, which is 1% but there's no
         | way to tell that it's not rounded or truncated.
        
           | ninthcat wrote:
           | "120" and "0.12%" both have 2 significant digits. "120." and
           | "0.120%" have 3 significant digits.
        
             | everforward wrote:
             | I would presume, perhaps incorrectly, that "120 per
             | 100,000" has 3 significant digits and "12 per 10,000" has
             | 2.
             | 
             | I've never seen a period used like that in census data. It
             | seems like a conscious choice because the period is
             | confusing when used in the middle of a phrase. 12E1 makes
             | more sense but is abnormal notation for many people.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figures
               | 
               | > Trailing zeros in an integer may or may not be
               | significant, depending on the measurement or reporting
               | resolution.
               | 
               | 120 is either two or three significant figures, and you
               | can't know which without knowing how the number was
               | arrived at.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Crime is also way down over the last 20 years:
       | 
       | https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/04/24/what-the-...
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | Because of those tough on crime republicans.
         | 
         | Lets see if cutting education has any impact over the next 20
         | years.
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | Crime reduction is strongly correlated with an aging
           | population. Crime is largely a young man's game.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | At least in Seattle, crime is "way down" because many
         | businesses have stopped reporting it, because the police don't
         | respond to less serious crimes anymore.
         | 
         | A shopkeeper friend of mine closed his business in Seattle
         | after multiple lootings of his place and the police never
         | showing up. He relocated to a bedroom community.
         | 
         | Crime statistics are not necessarily accurate, and politicians
         | have an interest in minimizing those statistics one way or
         | another.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | This is why the headline statistic for crime tracking is
           | usually homicide, which is also down.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Yes, they all got pardoned or deported.
        
       | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
       | this is great news. but...
       | 
       | i fear the new avenues of business sought by companies that
       | operate for-profit prisons - i don't expect they'll just eat the
       | losses of declining populations in their main moneymakers, and
       | we're already starting to see them work on detention facilities
       | for DHS etc.
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | Detention facilities for deportations is an inherently fast
         | shrinking population.
        
           | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
           | at some point, maybe. i have no trust in DHS whatsoever.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | But do you think they'd start letting more people into the
             | country, just to charge to detain and deport them? It's
             | actually sort of an ideal solution. Big business gets back
             | labor that it can threaten to deport if it demands
             | anything, then they can clean up on the public-private
             | deportations. Factory managers could send ICE a list of
             | their most annoying employees to visit. It would be so
             | 80's, I almost typed "the INS."
        
               | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
               | what you're describing is more or less already happening.
               | don't think h1b visaholders won't become a target.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | You think if an H1B is canceled that they would illegally
               | overstay?
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | > i don't expect they'll just eat the losses of declining
         | populations in their main moneymakers
         | 
         | Most of them (probably all) have contracts that stipulate they
         | get paid per bed they provide, whether or not it's occupied.
        
           | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
           | sure, but if the beds are empty, they're less likely to get
           | new contracts.
        
       | strict9 wrote:
       | > _Rapidly declining numbers of youth are committing crimes,
       | getting arrested, and being incarcerated. This matters because
       | young offenders are the raw material that feeds the prison
       | system: As one generation ages out, another takes its place on
       | the same horrid journey._
       | 
       | Another factor which will soon impact this, if it isn't already,
       | is the rapidly changing nature of youth. Fertility rates have
       | been dropping since 2009 or so. Average age of parents is
       | increasing. Teen pregnancy on a long and rapid decline.
       | 
       | All of these working together means that each year the act of
       | having a child is much more deliberate and the parents likely
       | having more resources. Which in turn should mean fewer youth
       | delinquency, which as the article notes is how most in prison
       | started out.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | > the act of having a child is much more deliberate and the
         | parents likely having more resources
         | 
         | This is both good and bad. Having a child is very difficult,
         | but it gets harder as you get older. You lack a lot of monitory
         | resources as a teen or the early 20s, but you have a lot more
         | energy, as you get older your body starts decaying you will
         | lack energy. A kid had at 40 will still be depending on your
         | when you are 55 (kids is only 15), and if the kids goes to
         | college may have some dependency on you when your peers are
         | retiring. Plus if your kids have kids young as well as you, you
         | be around and have some energy for grandkids.
         | 
         | Don't read the above as advocating having kids too young, it is
         | not. However don't wait until you think it is the perfect time.
         | If you are 25 you should be seriously thinking in the next 2
         | years, and by 30 have them (if of course kids are right for you
         | - that is a complex consideration I'm not going to get into).
         | Do not let fear of how much it will cost or desire for more
         | resources first stop you from having kids when you are still
         | young enough to do well.
        
           | c22 wrote:
           | I had kids in my late 30s and they tested my patience and
           | emotional regulation to an extent greater than any other
           | experience of my life. I was somewhat emotionally volatile in
           | my 20s and I can't imagine my kids having better outcomes if
           | I'd had to learn to parent at that time in my life.
        
             | wvenable wrote:
             | My children are 12 years apart in age and being a parent in
             | my 20s was a much better experience. I had less money, but
             | I had more time. I wiser now, but I had more energy. I
             | could relate to being a kid more.
             | 
             | I'm not suggesting it's better. But people seem to
             | automatically assume that being older when having kids as
             | better. I know some much older parents who were not good
             | parents. I know I would not make a good parent to a younger
             | child now that I'm in my 40s.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | I did not have more time in my 20s. In my 20s and early
               | 30s, I was busy "getting out there". Building my life, my
               | interests, my foundation (not just my career). Now I have
               | a happy life to stand on, and can devote more time,
               | attention, and energy to my family.
               | 
               | I don't deny that your way can work out as well. But OPs
               | advice was "get children before you are 30, don't wait
               | until after". Whereas my honest advice, based on my
               | experience, is "wait until you are 35, you'll be much
               | more stable life in several regards".
               | 
               | Which approach is best for you depends on a lot of
               | things. For me, I can honestly say, there is no way I
               | would be where I am if I had had kids in my 20s or even
               | early 30s, and I also wouldn't have been as good a father
               | as I am right now based on how I've grown since then.
               | Both things that my child directly benefits from.
        
               | wvenable wrote:
               | I was "getting out there" too! So many major life
               | milestones. But actually it has never stopped. Most of my
               | major career changes happened after the second child. I
               | have entirely new interests now.
               | 
               | I feel like I do have the unique perspective having
               | actually done both. I don't need to assume what kind of
               | parent I was in my 20s because I was that parent. And I'm
               | a different parent now. But being a younger parent was a
               | great experience despite any other consequences.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | That's interesting. Because I genuinely feel I'm much
               | better cut out to be a parent now. Is it the different
               | for you? I have so much patience and understanding, and I
               | see that lacking in many of the younger parents around
               | me. I see them and I remember myself.
               | 
               | And the life I have would just not have been possible if
               | I had a child back then. Not even if I completely
               | sacrificed family time and attention back then, which I
               | never wouldn't have wanted.
        
           | anyfoo wrote:
           | We _did_ wait for the "perfect" time, and are very happy we
           | did.
           | 
           | I got my son at almost 40, and I'm positive I'm a much better
           | parent because of that. Sure, kids cost energy, but at 40 and
           | 50 you're not geriatric. I often get the opportunity to
           | compare our parenting style to younger parents, and it's
           | clear that they often have some emotional growing up to do
           | themselves. They complain about normal parenting things that
           | we just shrug about, they are torn between their career and
           | raising a kid, and most importantly they often lack patience,
           | where to us it just comes natural.
        
             | Izikiel43 wrote:
             | > but at 40 and 50 you're not geriatric.
             | 
             | biologically, and for pregnancy, yes you are.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | I didn't say get pregnant at 50. I said I became a parent
               | at almost 40, my wife is a couple of years younger. No
               | problems whatsoever, and I seem to have more energy for
               | parenting (and especially patience) than the parents in
               | their 20s who haven't even found themselves yet.
        
               | malcolmgreaves wrote:
               | It's actually the age of the egg that matters most, not
               | the age of the mother during pregnancy.
        
           | pamelafox wrote:
           | I had my children at 36 and 38, and I'm the mother, and
           | energy-wise, I've had no issues. Yes, they considered me to
           | be of "advanced maternal age" in the OB department and gave
           | me special treatment due to it, but my doctors told me that
           | the "advanced maternal age" threshold (35) was based off
           | outdated research anyway. In the bay area, most of the
           | mothers I've met were around that age, and my friends are
           | having their kids at the same age.
           | 
           | It was really nice that I had time to establish my career and
           | figure things out before having kids.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | [delayed]
        
           | Karrot_Kream wrote:
           | Obviously I think the answer to this question depends so much
           | on individual circumstances that all any of us can do is
           | offer anecdotes. I think that while energy levels do decline
           | as you get older, the degree of the decline depends largely
           | on how much you stay in shape. My partner and I are very
           | active and find ourselves only marginally less physically
           | energetic in our 30s as our 20s. I've seen friends of ours
           | with more sedentary lifestyles having a much sharper decline.
           | If you're inclined to stay in shape then I don't think age
           | makes as big of a difference (within reason.) But YMMV.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | It's lead.
         | 
         | Lead concentration in America "rapidly increased in the 1950s
         | and then declined in the 1980s" [1]. There is a non-linear
         | discontinuity among kids born in the mid 80s, with linear
         | improvements through to those born in the late 2000s [2].
         | 
         | Arrest rates for violent crimes are highest from 15 to 29 years
         | old (particularly 17 to 23-year olds) [3]. They're particularly
         | low for adults after 50 years old.
         | 
         | We're around 40 years from the last of the high-lead children.
         | 17 years ago is the late 2000s.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S10406...
         | 
         | [2] https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP7932
         | 
         | [3]
         | https://kagi.com/assistant/d2c6fdd5-73dd-4952-ae40-1f36aef1e...
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | Can we blame lead for the US' electoral landscape too?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Can we blame lead for the US' electoral landscape too?_
             | 
             | More of a pet theory, but voters born between 1950 and
             | 1980, boomers and Gen X, have had a well-documented set of
             | policy preferences.
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | What if I told you voters born between nnnn-yyyy had a
               | set of policy preferences?
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | There's supposedly a cycle of attitude between
               | generations. If your parents are X, you want to be Y. If
               | your parents are Y, you want to be Z. If your parents are
               | Z, you want to be X
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | No. You can't blame lead. There is zero justification for
             | making the average person less responsible for their own
             | worldview and choices in leadership.
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | And abortion access.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | Probably not. That played out in the last wave of crime
             | reduction.
        
           | throwaway_2121 wrote:
           | Lack of boredom is also a factor.
           | 
           | https://macleans.ca/society/the-real-reason-crime-is-
           | falling...
        
       | kovek wrote:
       | This is interesting. I don't know why it's happening. However,
       | this book deserves a mention:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Better_Angels_of_Our_Natur... .
       | It shares statistics on how violence has been decreasing
       | throughout the history of humanity.
        
         | reverendsteveii wrote:
         | as a followup to that (excellent) book, here's Barry Glassner -
         | A Culture of Fear. The Better Angels of Our Nature talks about
         | how violence has always been declining. A Culture of Fear talks
         | about how the rate of that decline has been increasing since
         | the 90s but people actually perceive things as becoming more
         | dangerous rather than less, and attempts to come up with an
         | answer as to why that may be the case.
        
           | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
           | The most obvious answer is large-scale media. I can learn
           | about a shooting on the other side of the country within
           | hours of it happening, and think "that could happen where I
           | am". Likewise with any other news, which by definition is
           | about out-of-the-ordinary events. There's more news about
           | violence because there's more news, not because there's more
           | violence, but it _feels_ like there 's more violence.
        
             | spogbiper wrote:
             | "if it bleeds, it leads" is (or was, i'm old) a common
             | saying regarding the news media. It may be that there is
             | more news that scares us because scaring us is profitable
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | 20 century features pretty much largest genocides ever.
         | Multiple of them. And in addition, things that we do not count
         | as genocides, but still involved deliberate killing of
         | millions.
         | 
         | That particular book was criticized by historians a lot.
        
       | rawgabbit wrote:
       | This is good news. The level of crime and number of offenders has
       | decreased.
       | 
       | Quotes from the article:                    > As of 2016--the
       | most recent year for which data are available--the average man in
       | state prison had been arrested nine times, was currently
       | incarcerated for his sixth time, and was serving a 16-year
       | sentence.                    > But starting in the late 1960s, a
       | multidecade crime wave swelled in America, and an unprecedented
       | number of adolescents and young adults were criminally active. In
       | response, the anti-crime policies of most local, state, and
       | federal governments became more and more draconian.
       | > Rapidly declining numbers of youth are committing crimes,
       | getting arrested, and being incarcerated.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > Rapidly declining numbers of youth
         | 
         | May be the result of a rapidly declining birth rate.
        
         | bilbo0s wrote:
         | _Rapidly declining numbers of youth are committing crimes,
         | getting arrested, and being incarcerated_
         | 
         | Well also, the number one crime these youths were getting
         | arrested for was drug possession. With drug trafficking being
         | second. 15 years ago the vast majority of people in prison in
         | texas were there for drug possession or trafficking. If all of
         | a sudden everyone's drug of choice is marijuana, and it's being
         | decriminalized everywhere, I have to think that makes it hard
         | to get the numbers you used to get in terms of arrests.
         | 
         | Not that this is a bad thing. I'm just pointing out that while
         | arrests did go down, I don't necessarily believe that the
         | prevalence of pot smoking decreased.
         | 
         | One benefit is that this new environment should help them to
         | have better futures than the youths that came before them.
        
         | TrainedMonkey wrote:
         | Like all complex phenomena 1960s crime wave probably has many
         | causes, but lead poisoning stands out -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93crime_hypothesis
        
           | ivape wrote:
           | Drugs. Don't overthink things.
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | The question not even asked by the article is ... why?
        
         | ToucanLoucan wrote:
         | The answer is likely unknowable, but I can think of several
         | factors that tie into the plummeting birth rate:
         | 
         | - While the Freakanomics citation of widespread access to
         | abortion has been debunked as a sole cause, I think it remains
         | credible for at least a contributing factor. Fewer young people
         | born to folks who are too poor/busy/not wanting to raise them
         | is doubtlessly going to reduce the number of young offenders
         | who become the prison system's regular customers their whole
         | lives.
         | 
         | - Beyond just abortion, contraceptives and contraceptive
         | education have gotten much more accessible. For all the endless
         | whining from the right about putting condoms on cucumbers
         | poisoning children's minds with vegetable-based erotica, as it
         | turns out, teens have sex, as they probably have since time
         | immemorial, and if you teach them how to do it safely and don't
         | threaten their safety if they do, they generally will do it
         | safely.
         | 
         | - Additionally, there has been a gradual ramp-up in how badly
         | negative outcomes stack in life, and "messing up" on your path
         | to adulthood carries higher costs than it ever has. Possibly
         | contradicting myself, teens are having less sex than ever, as
         | all broad forms of socializing have decreased apart from social
         | media, which is exploding but doesn't really present
         | opportunities to bone down. Add to it, young people are more
         | _monitored_ than they 've ever been. When I was coming up, I
         | had hours alone to myself to do whatever I wanted, largely
         | wherever I wanted as long as I could get there and my parents
         | knew (though they couldn't verify where I was). Now we have a
         | variety of apps for digitally stalking your kids, and that's
         | not even going into the mess of extracurricular activities,
         | after school events, classes, study sessions, sports, etc. that
         | modern kids get. They barely have any unmonitored time anymore.
         | 
         | - Another point: alternative sexuality (or the lack thereof) is
         | more accepted than it's ever been by mainstream society, and
         | anything that isn't man + woman is virtually guaranteed to not
         | create unwanted pregnancy unless something truly interesting
         | happens.
         | 
         | - Lastly, I would cite that even if you have a heterosexual
         | couple who is interested in having kids, that's harder than
         | ever. A ton of folks my age can't even afford a home, let alone
         | one suitable for starting a family. The ones that do start
         | families live either in or uncomfortably close to poverty, and
         | usually in one or another variety of insecurity. The ones that
         | can afford it often choose not to for... I mean there's so many
         | reasons bringing kids into the world right now feels
         | unappealing. It's a ton of work that's saddled onto 2 people in
         | a categorically a-historic way, in an economy where two full
         | time salaries is basically mandatory if you want to have a
         | halfway decent standard of living, and double that for one that
         | includes children. That's not even going into the broader state
         | of the world, how awful the dating market is especially for
         | women, so many reasons and factors.
         | 
         | Any stressed animal population stops reproduction first. I
         | don't see why we'd think people would be any different.
        
           | 123yawaworht456 wrote:
           | >how awful the dating market is especially for women
           | 
           | "World Ends, Women Most Affected."
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | From what I've read, mostly sentencing reform and less
         | aggressive drug prosecution/more drug diversion. That and the
         | general trend for crime to recede in wealthy, stable societies.
        
           | pjdesno wrote:
           | It's not just law enforcement and sentencing - there are
           | verifiable numbers for the results of certain crimes -
           | homicides and auto theft come to mind - and most have
           | declined precipitously.
           | 
           | E.g. Boston had 1,575 reports of auto theft in 2012, compared
           | with 28,000 in 1975; Massachusetts had 242 murders in 1975,
           | and 121 in 2012. (a 56% drop in homicide rate, as population
           | went up 14%)
        
       | casenmgreen wrote:
       | Freakonomics argued that crime correlates to whether or not
       | abortion is available.
       | 
       | If it is not, crime rates are up, and by a lot.
       | 
       | If it is, crime rates are down.
       | 
       | When you flip from one to the other, takes about 15/20 years for
       | the effect to show up.
       | 
       | Rationale is that forcing parents to have their kids when they're
       | not ready for them significantly increases delinquency in young
       | adults.
       | 
       | This is apparently the only possible theory at the moment. It's
       | not proven, of course, but the other theories which were given
       | have been found lacking. This is the only theory which has some
       | evidence, and hasn't been found to be wrong.
        
         | mystified5016 wrote:
         | I'd wager that the foster system is a huge factor. Poverty is
         | likely the rest.
         | 
         | When you don't give a human resources, they will find a way to
         | take it. When you force humans with no resources to have kids,
         | well...
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | Why abortion and not contraceptives?
        
           | wil421 wrote:
           | They probably aren't using them.
        
           | iknowstuff wrote:
           | Why not both
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | one can be prevented by the other
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | not prevented... (trust me :)) but best we can do!!
        
           | y-curious wrote:
           | Women's contraceptives in the states require a prescription.
           | Which requires a doctor's appointment + insurance. If you are
           | poor or live with strict parents (ironically), you are much
           | less likely to seek them out.
           | 
           | Condoms are their own bag of worms. I think there are
           | cultural differences in condom use here, as well as the same
           | problem with them being a cost. This doesn't even touch on
           | men being shady with stealthing and pressure.
           | 
           | On the other hand, the abortion clinic requires only an
           | appointment and a way to get there.
        
             | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
             | In the 1980s, condoms were "behind the counter" things you
             | had to ask for and suffer the critical eye of the pharmacy
             | worker (at least in small town USA).
             | 
             | It's no wonder we had so many teen pregnancies.
        
           | wvenable wrote:
           | Maybe people who are bad at pre-planning are also potentially
           | poor parents.
        
         | yesbut wrote:
         | That correlation has pretty much been debunked.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalized_abortion_and_crime...
        
         | jjcob wrote:
         | I doubt there is a single explanation. I think it's multiple
         | factors.
         | 
         | Unleaded gasoline could also be a factor. Every country has
         | shown drops in crime rates when leaded gasoline was phased out.
         | 
         | If I recall, leaded gasoline was phased out in the 80ies, which
         | fits a drop in crime rates in the 90ies.
        
           | leptons wrote:
           | Availability of pornography has cut down the rate of rapes
           | significantly. Too bad the republicans are going to try to
           | ban all porn pretty soon, according to their stated agenda.
           | They do love their wealthy donors that run the prison-
           | industrial-complex.
        
             | bilbo0s wrote:
             | A lot of the current drop has decriminalization of drugs as
             | a contributing factor. Same principle.
        
           | krunck wrote:
           | Yes but I'd say reduction of lead use in general.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | And lead paint.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93crime_hypothesis
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | The drop in crime also correlates very well with releases of
           | popular violent video games:
           | http://www.gamerdad.com/blog/2008/04/08/downard-spiral/
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | There are many reasons why crime is in decline, but ultimately
       | its economic.
       | 
       | Crime _used_ to pay. Your expected return on a crime was pretty
       | good for the risk involved. Nowadays though, because of
       | technology, risk has increased while the returns have also
       | decreased. Barriers to entry for crimes worth committing are now
       | way higher. Robbing a gas station decades ago could yield a nice
       | chunk of cash that could probably pay bills for a month. But now
       | with less people using cash and cost of living increasing,
       | there's no point. Most registers have pitiful amount of cash. And
       | mugging strangers on the street is likely even worse. No one
       | carries wads of cash anymore.
       | 
       | The hot industry to be in is ransomware. The sums are vast and
       | the risk is low if you do it right. But it's very white collar,
       | it requires skills that your typical low level criminal won't
       | have.
       | 
       | Overall, it means there's a lot of crimes that are done not for
       | any financial reason, just for personal satisfaction.
        
         | permo-w wrote:
         | not forgetting that CCTV is absolutely ubiquitous and high def,
         | where previously it was reasonably rare and low quality
        
           | deadbabe wrote:
           | And most young people would rather have social media that
           | lets them easily be tracked than staying anonymous for the
           | purposes of committing crimes.
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | Even if you leave your phone at home to create an alibi for
             | yourself, it is very likely that CCTVs will see you enroute
             | to the crime scene, if not at the crime scene itself.
             | Between businesses with cameras, front door cameras on
             | houses, and traffic cameras, it's very difficult to travel
             | anywhere without leaving a trace that investigators can
             | pick up after the fact if they're sufficiently motivated.
        
       | holmesworcester wrote:
       | How much of this is due to smartphones? The years seem to line
       | up.
       | 
       | 2014 seemed like the big year where smartphone ubiquity changed
       | US teen culture. Less boredom, dumb adventure, drinking, etc.
       | (For better or worse but in this case better.)
        
         | y-curious wrote:
         | Devils advocate: smartphones have made antisocial tiktok
         | trends, "fast money" hacks and paint an unrealistic portrait of
         | success. Before, only rappers could be young and rich and
         | flashy. Now, seemingly regular teens are millionaires and this
         | is constantly fed into young people's feeds.
        
       | kiernanmcgowan wrote:
       | > After peaking at just more than 1.6 million Americans in 2009
       | 
       | > But a prison is a portrait of what happened five, 10, and 20
       | years ago.
       | 
       | Is this just a result of the dropping crime rates since the mid
       | 90s, but on a 20ish year lag?
        
         | Jtsummers wrote:
         | That's what the article goes on to describe, yes. Declining
         | crime rates mean fewer new prisoners, but high recidivism rates
         | plus long sentences means many old prisoners are still in
         | prison. As those old prisoners die off or for whatever reason
         | don't commit more crimes after release, the total population
         | declines.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Mandatory minimum sentences can be 10, 15 or 20 years depending
         | on the quantity of drug and other factors. Often just for
         | possession. The US spent several decades filling our prisons
         | with people using those sentences, and we still do, just not as
         | aggressively.
        
       | oceansky wrote:
       | Bad news for prison owners
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | GOOD
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | In part due to simple demographics?
       | 
       | If most prisoners are younger, starting their incarceration
       | incidents in their teens or twenties, then basically the fewer
       | young people you have, the less people in prison:
       | 
       | https://populationeducation.org/u-s-population-pyramids-over...
       | 
       | Compare 1960 to 2020.
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | They fail to mention the reason the prison population soared in
       | the 70's and 80's, because of ultra-harsh prison sentencing for
       | drugs. In retrospect, those laws appear to have been deliberately
       | designed to create a massive and permanent prison population, far
       | beyond what locking people up only for non-consensual crimes
       | could ever sustain.
       | 
       | Now, most of those laws have been rolled back. In the past 10-15
       | years the number of people locked up at the state level for drug
       | crimes is down 30% even though drug arrests remain high. And
       | those still getting locked up are getting shorter sentences.
       | (though over 40% of inmates at the federal level are still there
       | for drugs)
       | 
       | I'm not sure why they failed to mention such a key issues related
       | to incarceration. They repeatedly refer to the surge in crime in
       | the drug war era as a "crime wave". And they link to 3 other pro-
       | drug war articles by the same author. Maybe Keith Humphreys had a
       | bad trip in his youth and now he's making it everyone's problem.
        
       | viktorcode wrote:
       | In the light of that dynamic I fund it curious that Russian
       | prisons population is rapidly declining too, but for very
       | different reason.
        
         | low_tech_love wrote:
         | You might be half joking, but your hypothesis is interesting to
         | show how many different reasons can exist for the same
         | phenomenon. Lots of people here talking about lead, for
         | whatever reason, but also decriminalisation of drugs, abortion,
         | etc. Most are logical explanations, even if contradictory. Very
         | nice to see how we need to be super aware of statistics; we can
         | force the numbers to say anything we want.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | The Atlantic suggests this results from the release of those
       | convicted during a decades long crime wave, which apprently took
       | place when many of us grew up. Perhaps it also tracks with a
       | progressive decline in law enforcement. Whether that is because
       | crime waves not longer exist or whether it is some other reason
       | is a question for the reader. A substanbtial amount of crime is
       | now done via internet. Few are ever convicted.
        
         | saulpw wrote:
         | Marijuana possession was the number one crime and is now legal
         | in a majority of states. This seems like the high-order bit.
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | ^ This. The drug war was an attempt for conservatives to
           | punish poor people for using a harmless drug (marijuana) to
           | help cope with systemic inequality, and kids for wanting to
           | have fun.
           | 
           | From 1950-1970, America introduced new mandatory minimums for
           | possession of marijuana. First-time offenses carried a
           | minimum of 2-10 yrs in prison and a fine of up to $20,000.
           | They repealed these minimums in 1970 because it did jack shit
           | to stop people smoking. The govt even recommended
           | decriminalizing marijuana _in 1970_ , but Nixon rejected it.
           | 
           | But then came The Parents. As fucking usual, parents
           | "concerned for their children" began a years-long lobbying
           | and marketing effort to convince the public _any_ kind of
           | drug was evil and harming kids. Through the 1980s their
           | lobbying spread to all corners of the government, influencing
           | messaging and policy. So finally in 1986, Reagan introduced
           | new mandatory minimums for marijuana, based on amount. Having
           | 100 marijuana plants was the same crime as 100 grams of
           | heroin. And then they went further; if you we caught with
           | marijuana _three times_ , you got a life sentence. Life. For
           | pot. In 1989, Bush Sr. officially declared the "new" War on
           | Drugs. And we've all been paying for it ever since.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | At what point in the last 30 years did cannabis possession
           | account for even a plurality of incarcerated persons, in any
           | state or federally?
           | 
           | Cannabis is not the high order bit.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-06-25 23:00 UTC)