[HN Gopher] A brief history of hardware epidemics
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       A brief history of hardware epidemics
        
       Author : ingve
       Score  : 43 points
       Date   : 2025-06-21 08:18 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (eclecticlight.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (eclecticlight.co)
        
       | TZubiri wrote:
       | Interesting, I love the field of infectious disease and of course
       | software, so the intersection is always fascinating.
       | 
       | A related failure mode (which is closer to organ transplants I
       | guess), is that when replacing a part with a faulty one, a defect
       | in the new part can cause the other parts to bear more load. When
       | a part fails abruptly you have a halted system and a lot of
       | healthy parts, but when a part fails gradually, the whole system
       | starts to degrade with it by sympathy.
       | 
       | And of course electrical networks are a classical example of
       | faults expanding, there may be security devices to limit the
       | failure to the device or even the local electrical network, but
       | sometimes those failsafes fail, and that's what causes wide
       | blackouts like the one in Spain recently.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | This is called "cascading failure".
        
       | jcalx wrote:
       | From the title I was expecting some hardware faults that were
       | transmissible (as opposed to merely widespread), like the classic
       | "hardware virus" story from The Daily WTF:
       | https://thedailywtf.com/articles/the-hardware-virus
        
         | vikingerik wrote:
         | Yeah, the headline is using "epidemic" clickbaitly just to mean
         | widespread, not transmissible.
         | 
         | The classic real example of actual transmissibility was the Zip
         | drive click of death. A bad drive would damage disks, which
         | would in turn damage another drive they were put in. The case
         | was rarer than people thought but did happen.
         | https://www.grc.com/tip/codfaq4.htm
        
           | willyt wrote:
           | I got an electric shock plugging in a zip drive once. They
           | used to arc when you plugged the mains cord into the back of
           | the drive or the power brick, I forget which.
        
           | irishsultan wrote:
           | The word epidemic does not imply contagiousness, not in the
           | medical context and therefore definitely not outside of it.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | Yes, the definition of "epidemic" literally refers to
             | something being widespread (etymology derived from "upon
             | the people"). It's not wrong to refer to e.g. an obesity
             | epidemic despite obesity not being contagious.
        
         | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
         | Or "Coding machines"
         | https://www.teamten.com/lawrence/writings/coding-machines/
        
       | OptionOfT wrote:
       | I remember leadfree solder. I ordered an Nvidia 8800GT at that
       | time and it was significantly delayed because of failures.
       | 
       | The fix back then was to bake your GPU in the oven for a while,
       | essentially reflowing some of the cracked solder.
       | 
       | And I know of countless BMW M3s and M5s dying too soon because of
       | early iterations of lead-free bearings.
       | 
       | I understand the toxicity of lead, but I wonder if the hand
       | could've been more targeted. Does lead in bearings really show up
       | in the environment?
       | 
       | The origin of the capacitor plague is so interesting:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_plague
       | 
       | > A 2003 article in The Independent claimed that the cause of the
       | faulty capacitors was due to a mis-copied formula. In 2001, a
       | scientist working in the Rubycon Corporation in Japan stole a
       | mis-copied formula for capacitors' electrolytes. He then took the
       | faulty formula to the Luminous Town Electric company in China,
       | where he had previously been employed. In the same year, the
       | scientist's staff left China, stealing again the mis-copied
       | formula and moving to Taiwan, where they created their own
       | company, producing capacitors and propagating even more of this
       | faulty formula of capacitor electrolytes.
       | 
       | Stolen and stolen again.
        
         | cnasc wrote:
         | > I understand the toxicity of lead, but I wonder if the hand
         | could've been more targeted. Does lead in bearings really show
         | up in the environment?
         | 
         | Part of the issue is in manufacturing. It might be hard to
         | prevent exposure of employees to lead dust if they're machining
         | parts containing lead even if the final product isn't too
         | risky.
        
           | gizmo686 wrote:
           | How relevant is this to solder? Typically soldering is done
           | after machining, so machining dust should be a non issue.
           | 
           | As far as I am aware, the act of soldering does not produce
           | any sort of lead vapor or particulate either.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | How does the solder get manufactured? Don't forget to
             | account for the rest of the supply chain - the mines for
             | example
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | > As far as I am aware, the act of soldering does not
             | produce any sort of lead vapor or particulate either.
             | 
             | Er, no. Look up hazards of soldering fumes.
        
               | nexttk wrote:
               | It's the flux / resin also found in the solder that
               | causes that. At the typical soldering temperature of 400
               | degC, lead evaporates 10 million times slower than ice at
               | -40 degC.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | I suppose the lead from bearings ends up in used engine oil.
         | That's normally recycled afterwards though.
        
         | abanana wrote:
         | _> The fix back then was to bake your GPU in the oven for a
         | while_
         | 
         | Oh that brings back bad memories! We were running a LAN centre,
         | and our 7900GT graphics cards were failing left and right. We
         | bought 23 8800GTS cards to replace/upgrade the lot. After a
         | year or so they all started failing too. Reflowing, i.e. baking
         | in a cheap little electric oven in the staff room, would give
         | them an extra 6 months or so of life. After each subsequent
         | baking, it would last less time than the previous. Having to
         | replace so many graphics cards, after a much shorter that
         | expected lifespan, was a lot of money for a tiny business.
         | (Having said that, looking at how much it would cost now, I
         | shouldn't complain.)
         | 
         | I read at the time that it was because of microscopic cracks in
         | the solder, but hadn't realised before now that it was due to
         | the removal of lead. We had no further problems after switching
         | to AMD, but I never knew whether it was really an NVidia
         | problem, or just those models, etc.
         | 
         | The GeForce FX 5900XTs, from the 2004 PCs (before the article's
         | 2006 date of the start of the problem), were still working fine
         | 10 years later, albeit in old PCs used for just web access and
         | the occasional game of Bejeweled.
        
       | fred_is_fred wrote:
       | Lead-free solder was such a big deal when it first came out, have
       | things improved significantly like the author mentions in
       | passing? Similar arguments were made about leaded gasoline when
       | it was banned and tech caught up and made it not needed.
        
       | neuroelectron wrote:
       | Missing: those switches on newer Logitech mice that fail with
       | intermittent no-click/double-clicking on single click after about
       | 8 months.
        
       | willtemperley wrote:
       | Apple replaced my 2015 MBP battery and my 2017 MBP butterfly
       | keyboard for free, even though both machines were more than 5
       | years old. Impressive I think.
        
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