[HN Gopher] Making TRAMP go Brrrr
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Making TRAMP go Brrrr
        
       Author : celeritascelery
       Score  : 151 points
       Date   : 2025-06-23 14:46 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (coredumped.dev)
 (TXT) w3m dump (coredumped.dev)
        
       | josteink wrote:
       | For those not into the lingo, Tramp is the Emacs module/package
       | responsible for allowing you to transparently work on remote
       | files and host in your local editor in a way I haven't seen any
       | other software do.
       | 
       | And yes, it's really neat.
        
         | sylens wrote:
         | Thank you. I don't know why more posts like this don't spend a
         | line or two providing that context
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | Because the author had no particular expectation this would
           | be a #1 hit on HN.
        
           | scbrg wrote:
           | So, here's the first three sentences in the linked article:
           | 
           |  _I recently changed jobs and found myself in a position
           | where I would need to do a lot of work on remote machines.
           | Since I am Emacs user, the most common way to do this is
           | using TRAMP (Transparent Remote access, Multiple Protcol).
           | TRAMP is an Emacs package that let's you treat a remote host
           | like a local system, similar to VSCode Remote Development
           | Extension._
           | 
           | Doesn't that provide context?
        
             | celeritascelery wrote:
             | To be fair, I added that after reading the parent comment.
             | I did a poor job of describing what TRAMP was because I
             | targeting this towards Emacs users.
        
               | scbrg wrote:
               | Ah! That explains my confusion. Thanks for clarifying,
               | and my apologies to sylens.
               | 
               | Great post, by the way!
        
         | geocar wrote:
         | > in a way I haven't seen any other software do.
         | 
         | It was novel once upon a time, but almost every internetworked
         | operating system supports network-transparent files. Even my
         | iPhone can do it.
         | 
         | Linux is a bit weird though: VIM has netrw which is very
         | similar to Emacs; Gnome has a special VFS API that understands
         | URIs, but only in the loosest possible sense of the word, and
         | it can't work with autofs to "un-URI" something into a regular
         | unix path, which is just sad.
         | 
         | But if you don't care about that, autofs can make it possible
         | to cd /net/{hostname} and get my home directory over ssh on
         | another machine, and works _much better_ than tramp IMO, even
         | under Emacs.
        
           | gray_-_wolf wrote:
           | The thing is TRAMP also gives you a shell, not just a file
           | access. When I am in a remote buffer, I can do M-x shell, and
           | I will get a command line running on the remote host. What is
           | more, since the T stands for Transparent, when I want to
           | insert e.g. output of some command into a buffer, the command
           | is executed on the remote host and I do not have to do
           | anything special to achieve that, it just happens auto-
           | magically based on the directory of current file (local vs.
           | remote). I find that useful, and you cannot really do these
           | things with a network drive on Windows.
        
           | skydhash wrote:
           | It's not only about transparent access. It's about how the
           | whole emacs ecosystem working with the files. So you can
           | bookmark a remote file, and once accessed, you can launch
           | dired (the file manager) for the file's directory, run the
           | shell on the remote,... with the same binding and mechanism
           | you have for local files. No need to alter configuration or
           | launch a special windows for the project.
        
             | marai2 wrote:
             | I've been using emacs for many years and I had no idea you
             | can bookmark files let alone bookmark remote files! Thanks
             | for educating me today!
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | It's a neat feature. I typically bookmark directories on
               | remote hosts, project roots, config files, etc,.. BTW,
               | you can use `list-bookmarks` then annotate each bookmark
               | with `e`, and display all the annotations with `A`.
        
             | klik99 wrote:
             | Exactly this, it's hard to explain to a non-emacs user why
             | TRAMP is so magical, but the number of times I tried to run
             | something that was meant to run locally on my machine
             | through TRAMP and it just worked is very impressive. It
             | runs so smoothly that you forget you're executing things on
             | a remote machine, and when that leaks through it's
             | typically very easy to diagnose and fix - for instance I
             | have ag (silver searcher) installed on my local machine,
             | tried running a search with ag via tramp and the bin
             | obviously wasn't on the remote machine, a simple apt-get
             | later and I could run my search with all my custom settings
             | remotely.
             | 
             | If anyones ever used the Plan 9 OS across network, TRAMP is
             | like that for emacs
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | It is a very special piece of work. The closest I've seen is
         | vscode remote editing (and credit where it's due: vscode remote
         | editing is out of the box far more reliable and stable than
         | Tramp... it better be, since it's running its own daemon on the
         | remote machine), but Tramp is far more general-purpose than
         | vscode's solution.
         | 
         | Editing as another user, editing a remote file, even editing
         | over embedded protocols like adb: Tramp's got you covered.
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | This is all good advice. TRAMP is really quite good once you
       | figure out what's slowing it down.
       | 
       | I had a problem that was making it hang at times. Of course,
       | Emacs would respond to `C-g` still, though. Toggling `toggle-
       | debug-on-quit` showed me what was causing it to hang. Something
       | from the ESS package which I rarely use anyway, so I just
       | disabled it.
        
       | kadico wrote:
       | What a confusing headline. Sounded like he was about to describe
       | homeless people and how to freeze them.
        
         | rectang wrote:
         | Apparently it's a 2020 meme about "make the money printer go
         | brr". I didn't know that one, so I assumed it was a reference
         | to the A-10 Warthog's Gatling gun, which used to be stylized as
         | "brrrt".
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | I'm not nearly as deep a scholar of memes as some, but I
           | wouldn't be surprised if the two are actually related; I
           | believe they both originated from 4chan.
        
             | rectang wrote:
             | You're probably right. It was somewhat reassuring to learn
             | of the money printer variant -- to me, the Warthog "brrrt"
             | meme evokes human flesh being torn apart (also tanks, but
             | strafing runs often target ground troops, and there are of
             | course people inside those tanks) and it was unsettling to
             | think that this post might be comparing the performance of
             | Tramp to the extremely violent destruction of your
             | adversaries.
        
         | fumeux_fume wrote:
         | Brain rot ushered this idiotic meme a few years ago and I was
         | happy to see it fade away. Seeing "go brrr" all over HN now is,
         | if anything, an indicator of lowest common denominator moving
         | another notch down.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | LOL, lowest common denominator notch-lowerer goes brrr.
        
           | chuckadams wrote:
           | lol u mad bro?
        
           | throitallaway wrote:
           | I always downvote this brain rot low effort crap. An article
           | could be a dissertation containing the meaning of life
           | itself, but if it's meme-laden I'm not reading it. I get so
           | annoyed by oft-repeated phrases ("This is the way", "Take my
           | upvote", "This.", "This guy Xes", "ngl") and "go brr" this is
           | no exception.
        
             | ParetoOptimal wrote:
             | This is the way.
        
         | PantaloonFlames wrote:
         | Do you even emacs
        
       | jonnycomputer wrote:
       | I kinda gave up on using it because so many of my remotes are
       | tunneled through a jump host and I never could get it to connect
       | seamlessly. It _seems_ like it ought to, but when vscode _just
       | works_ with my ssh config, I decided debugging it was not a good
       | use of my time. Might have something to do with being on a Mac,
       | idk.
        
         | gray_-_wolf wrote:
         | I found https://www.gnu.org/software/tramp/tramp-
         | emacs.html#Multi_00... to be working pretty well, but it
         | definitely took some fiddling and experimentation to get the
         | right settings.
        
           | jonnycomputer wrote:
           | Thanks.
           | 
           | Someday I'll get to fiddling with it again.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | I found that setting (customize-set-variable 'tramp-use-
         | connection-share nil) made things "just work" with my .ssh
         | config (the documentation for that variable seems to imply this
         | is expected).
         | 
         | If you still want connection sharing, you'll have to set it in
         | your .ssh config, but it works without it.
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | I think that in general, if you're doing anything fancy with
         | SSH, you're better off setting it up in SSH than trying to
         | convince Tramp to do anything with it. See something like
         | https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/SSH_jump_host . Basically, the
         | goal is you should be able to type "ssh someSSHConfig" and get
         | to the shell of the device. If you can do that, you don't need
         | to worry about what Tramp can and can't do, and if SSH adds a
         | feature that works in the SSH config you don't even have to
         | wonder if Tramp can use it.
         | 
         | And then it also works with everything else that works with
         | SSH.
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | Tramp is how I finally got over the chronic problem of having to
       | use vim _just_ for remote editing files on remote machines over
       | an ssh session. It does sometimes hang and chug inconveniently,
       | but dealing with that is far easier than delicately holding a
       | config file like a flower while I remember the precise vim
       | commands (and work around the TTY special code interpretation
       | issues that break arrow keys) to make my edits to one line.
       | 
       | N'ah, forget that. It's worth the setup time to make Tramp go
       | brr.
        
       | rdtsc wrote:
       | That's awesome. Thanks for sharing. I use tramp periodically and
       | had to discover some of those on my own.
       | 
       | > I kept thinking to myself "There has to be a better way to do
       | this". I have started to think of ways to fundamentally improve
       | the performance of TRAMP that would involve changes to the
       | package itself. I plan to write more on that soon, so stay tuned!
       | 
       | Will look forward to it! TRAMP is really a gem and it does feel
       | like it should be able to go faster. Either with some config
       | tweaks to modernize it a bit, or some improvements in the caching
       | or the sync logic.
        
         | dima55 wrote:
         | Yeah. Thanks for writing all that up. I use TRAMP heavily, and
         | any performance improvements would be welcome.
        
       | taeric wrote:
       | I haven't been in a workflow where tramp is useful to me in a
       | while. I recall it was borderline magical back when I did use it.
       | I'm assuming it is highly reliant on how good your network
       | connection is?
       | 
       | Definitely has more config now than I recall. Kudos on
       | benchmarking the different settings here. I'm definitely curious
       | to see what sort of stuff gets tried to make it even more
       | seamless.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | There's very little if any config that is strictly necessary. I
         | used to use TRAMP quite a bit and I never configured anything.
         | Of course like all emacs packages you can config and tweak it
         | to your heart's content.
        
         | thom wrote:
         | Just thought about this for a second and it made me sad: I
         | haven't SSH'd into a machine in at least a couple of years at
         | this point. Everything works through web frontends, git, CI/CD,
         | Terraform etc. Actually editing a file on a server instead of
         | treating everything as amorphous ephemeral compute would be a
         | real guilty pleasure!
        
           | lotharcable wrote:
           | Tramp can work better for containers then it does over SSH.
           | 
           | I use it conjunction with distrobox and podman. It should be
           | able to work with kubernetes as well.
        
             | chriswarbo wrote:
             | It recently gained native support for nspawn containers too
             | (that used to require a third-party package)
        
       | Twirrim wrote:
       | https://www.gnu.org/software/tramp/#Overview For details about
       | tramp, in case (like me) you had no idea what tramp is.
        
       | imiric wrote:
       | TRAMP is neat, but I find watchexec+rsync to be a much more
       | performant alternative. This way I keep editing files locally,
       | and they're simply synced to the remote host when they change.
       | This workflow also has the benefit of being able to use all my
       | local tooling, it keeps a local copy which I often need, it
       | supports any editor (forgive me, Father rms), and is easily
       | configurable (include or exclude files, delete files on the
       | remote, etc.).
        
         | wging wrote:
         | I did the same thing when I was building on remote machines
         | frequently. Either an internal one-way syncing tool or Unison,
         | but basically the same as what I think you're implying.
         | (Watchexec to notice changes, and kick off your local rsync to
         | the remote machine, right?)
         | 
         | TRAMP rarely seemed worth it to fiddle with, especially when
         | such a workflow supports _all_ tools, even those run in a CLI
         | outside of emacs: run a formatter or other automation locally
         | and have the changes propagate? git pull locally, ditto? why
         | not?
        
           | celeritascelery wrote:
           | > TRAMP rarely seemed worth it to fiddle with, especially
           | when such a workflow supports all tools
           | 
           | The problem is that this workflow doesn't support all tools
           | (or even most tools in my case). The remote machines are a
           | different OS with more RAM and are set up with all the tools
           | and production environments needed. I can't run most of the
           | locally (at least not without massive effort and porting). If
           | you have an environment where you can easily run locally or
           | remotely, then your workflow would make sense.
        
             | wging wrote:
             | That's exactly the point of remote syncing: whatever
             | changes to code you make locally are nearly instantly
             | available on a remote machine, so you can compile and run
             | your software on a production-like machine. By "supports
             | all tools" I mean that you can run whatever you like on
             | your source code locally, whether it runs through emacs or
             | not, and the result is available remotely. And with
             | bidirectional syncing the reverse is true too.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | But I cannot use the remote clangd for LSP, for example.
        
           | chriswarbo wrote:
           | > such a workflow supports all tools
           | 
           | Well, it doesn't support anything that we want to actually
           | run on the remote. TRAMP isn't just about files: M-! in a
           | TRAMP buffer will execute the command on the remote; M-x
           | shell will start a shell-mode session that's running on the
           | remote; and so on.
           | 
           | Also, TRAMP remotes don't need to be other machines; e.g. the
           | `sudo` remote lets us open local files with sudo permissions.
           | It's nice to use the same mostly-transparent approach to
           | access other machines, other users, containers, etc.
           | 
           | Also, multi-hop remotes would be more painful to manage
           | without TRAMP, e.g. Emacs will open a path like
           | `/ssh:bastion|ssh:other-machine|sudo:/etc/foo` will open an
           | SSH connection to `bastion`, and from there will open an SSH
           | connection to `other-machine`, and on there will open the
           | file `/etc/foo` using sudo privileges. Again, all the TRAMP
           | goodies like M-! will work as they normally do :)
        
         | klik99 wrote:
         | Nice, I unfortunately need to work on Windows while also doing
         | a lot of remote editing, so switched to emacs on wsl just to
         | use tramp - I wasn't aware of watchexec which seems like a much
         | better solution. However part of what makes tramp great is
         | being able to use emacs just like it's local, so things like
         | ag/magit/etc wouldn't work as smoothly.
        
         | dima55 wrote:
         | But then you can't do other stuff. Remote LSP, gdb, etc, etc.
        
           | kleiba wrote:
           | What the OP presumably means is that they just have a local
           | copy of all the files. Then you only edit local (with LSP,
           | gdb, etc.) and any change you make to a local file is
           | mirrored back to the remote copy automagically.
        
             | ParetoOptimal wrote:
             | This won't work for things that use a docker container
             | without wrapper scripts, but those have their own problems.
        
             | anyfoo wrote:
             | Which means you can't remote LSP, gdb, etc.
             | 
             | In other words, it only works if your local platform is the
             | same (or compatible) with the remote platform, or (in a
             | limited capacity) if you have a viable cross compiling
             | environment.
        
         | apitman wrote:
         | watchexec looks like exactly what I was looking for recently.
         | Thanks for this.
        
       | IceDane wrote:
       | Tramp is tolerable, but it is absolutely not great. You went on
       | to demonstrate that right after making that claim, where you
       | manually (and insufficiently) hack around its issues to arrive at
       | something that is only barely comparable to eg what vs code can
       | do.
        
         | kleiba wrote:
         | Forgive my ignorance, but what _does_ VSCode do?
        
           | kristjansson wrote:
           | Download a copy of itself onto the remote, run it there, and
           | allow interaction with that copy
        
             | ants_everywhere wrote:
             | Editing a remote file is very common. Wanting to download
             | and run a remote server every time you edit a remote file
             | is far less common.
             | 
             | E.g. editing a config on an embedded device such as a
             | router, editing a file inside a docker container, editing a
             | file on a headless server, etc etc.
             | 
             | The only reasonable use case I can see for the vscode
             | approach is if you're SSHing into your main development
             | machine from another machine.
             | 
             | The remote server requirements include
             | 
             | > 1 GB RAM is required for remote hosts, but at least 2 GB
             | RAM and a 2-core CPU is recommended.
             | 
             | That's pretty far from the SSH+vi use case that TRAMP
             | replaces.
        
               | kristjansson wrote:
               | Correct. I didn't say it was a good thing :)
               | 
               | FWIW it is a one-time download on the remote, but still
               | feels yucky, esp. for resource constrained settings (Pi
               | like you mentioned, but also quota-limited containers
               | etc.)
        
               | ants_everywhere wrote:
               | > Correct. I didn't say it was a good thing :)
               | 
               | Fair enough :)
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Emacs can run as a server, and you can connect multiple
             | local clients to it. I've tried various ways to have an
             | emacs client connect to a remote emacs server (forwarding a
             | socket over ssh, etc.) but never gotten it to work so there
             | must be more to it than just the socket.
        
               | sexyman48 wrote:
               | No, emacs in server-mode does not do what you'd expect.
               | It is only useful to accelerate local start-up. Nothing
               | to do with remote operations.
        
               | ParetoOptimal wrote:
               | I think it doesn't work over tcp but try with the other
               | GUI library.
        
             | skydhash wrote:
             | To be fair, for some dev workflows, TRAMP is lacking
             | (LSPs), but it's more than enough if you're fine with
             | grepping and ctags, I think. For the former scenario, I
             | either run terminal emacs or use distrobox/toolbox (they
             | setup everything for the wayland socket that graphical
             | emacs needs)
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | LSPs should work fine with TRAMP. In practice I have a
               | problem with it, since there is some bad interaction
               | between eglot, TRAMP, and clangd in certain cases, but
               | that is a specific situation and a bug.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | gopls was a bit of a pain. By default it uses stdio, and
               | there were some integration issues with eglot, tramp, amd
               | gopls. I also had some issues trying to use tcp ports. I
               | switched to terminal emacs over ssh, the. use distrobox
               | (I didn't want to install dev tools locally).
        
       | shwouchk wrote:
       | tramp is great. all the other mentioned solutions are nowhere
       | near as seamless for "just do what i want, without distractions".
       | 
       | vscode? "trust me bro, i will run a networked daemon on your
       | server". enjoy wondering which plugins to reinstall on your
       | remote. enjoy installing proprietary shareware+telemetry plugins
       | just to use git. try opening a local file and a remote file side
       | by side in the same window. wifi connection broke for a sec?
       | oops, you have to refresh the whole browser window.
       | 
       | want to edit a single file on a host you rarely connect to? enjoy
       | spending 10 minutes setting up autosync solutions.
       | 
       | with any of the above - oops, you actually need sudo for that
       | file in /etc? yeah, drop to shell and edit in vim.
       | 
       | there are other options to do stuff and for very specific
       | predefined workflows they may win, but the versatility of tramp
       | is still unmatched, especially if you do use emacs.
       | 
       | the only times ive had issues is when i have a weird shell setup
       | on the remote - for that there is /sshx: instead of /ssh:
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | What about mounting a remote file system over sftp? Install
         | EMACS or whatever editor you prefer on the remote?
        
           | chriswarbo wrote:
           | > What about mounting a remote file system over sftp?
           | 
           | That can be OK for some tasks, but not others. For example,
           | TRAMP will execute commands on the remote; so commands like
           | M-x find-grep-dired will be faster when using TRAMP.
           | 
           | > Install EMACS or whatever editor you prefer on the remote?
           | 
           | There's actually a lot of flexibility there, since Emacs is
           | perfectly usable in a text terminal, which could be run over
           | SSH; it can also show X11 windows over the network (though I
           | recommend the "lucid" build, rather than GTK); and it also
           | has a client/server mode.
        
       | afr0ck wrote:
       | I use vim with mutagen for syncing files. It's simple and works
       | fine, but you have to duplicate storage.
        
       | julienchastang wrote:
       | I use tramp all day every b/c I mostly work on remote VMs so it
       | is an indispensable tool. Note that tramp will allow you to go
       | inside docker containers on those remote hosts with:
       | 
       | /ssh:<remote host>|docker:<docker container>
       | 
       | Also if you like copying (potentially large) files via dired,
       | consider temporarily
       | 
       | (setq tramp-default-method "rsync")
       | 
       | The blog talks about rsync vs ssh a bit.
        
       | manoweb wrote:
       | So... people dont's save to local files and then manually ftp
       | them anymore these days? I should check this stuff out
        
       | kristjansson wrote:
       | Also, using persistent ssh connections makes a huge difference,
       | esp. if you've got a heavy shell init on the local or remote side
       | Host *           ControlPath ~/.ssh/cm-%r@%h:%p
       | ControlMaster auto           ControlPersist 600
        
         | sunng wrote:
         | Isn't recent Tramp versions using this by default?
        
         | bqmjjx0kac wrote:
         | I thought TRAMP overrides that setting in your SSH config.
         | 
         | > TRAMP uses the ControlMaster=auto OpenSSH option by default,
         | if possible. However, it overwrites ControlPath settings when
         | initiating ssh sessions. TRAMP does this to fend off a stall if
         | a master session opened outside the Emacs session is no longer
         | open. That is why TRAMP prompts for the password again even if
         | there is an ssh already open.
         | 
         | https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/tramp/Ss...
        
       | lacrosse_tannin wrote:
       | every few years, less often now, I see an article that gets me
       | excited about tramp, and I try it and immediately deadlock my
       | whole emacs because the remote shell had an unexpected character
       | in the prompt or something.
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | GNU's needs something like this too. It's glacial slow even with
       | an SLRN cache.
        
       | b0a04gl wrote:
       | something i noticed while debugging tramp perf half the lag isn't
       | tramp, it's elisp codepaths calling sync ops assuming they're
       | cheap. i saw vc-git-root firing on every bufferlist switch
       | because some mode wants to update a badge or refresh a modeline.
       | none of it's aware that the path is remote
        
         | celeritascelery wrote:
         | That's exactly it. TRAMP itself works fine, but some packages
         | that are only tested on local machines use a bunch of shell
         | calls that are not really needed (i.e. They could cache the
         | result).
        
         | ParetoOptimal wrote:
         | A lot of times with emacs you can disable the modeline and get
         | performance improvements because frequent updates happen and
         | arent cached.
         | 
         | Well behaved mode line items typically update a variable
         | periodically so blocking never happens.
        
       | nurumaik wrote:
       | Making tramp go brr by removing half of features
       | 
       | Sad to see it's still so far from vscode. Is there really no way
       | to make emacs magically work like vscode without modifying
       | packages
       | 
       | Idk maybe invent something like jit-compilation but for
       | remote/local code. Profile rtt latency then somehow dynamically
       | calculate optimal local-remote code split and transfer remote
       | part to remote machine
        
         | ParetoOptimal wrote:
         | There is inherent limitation of latency/responsiveness in the
         | tramp model versus the copy vscode server to my server and
         | communicate with it model.
         | 
         | The tramp model does have the advantage of little to no
         | resource usage, but these days most aren't concerned about
         | that.
        
       | derekzhouzhen wrote:
       | I used to use TRAMP but now I just run terminal emacs through
       | mosh. Everything just work and snappy, if you can live without
       | the emacs GUI.
        
       | sexyman48 wrote:
       | Tramp is an absolute garbage implementation (yeah, its author is
       | just a terrible, sophomoric programmer) of the most naive
       | mechanism you could imagine: bring the file over, edit it, copy
       | it back. "celeritascelery" is genuinely better off using vim and
       | git remotely, his hard-on for magit notwithstanding.
        
         | anyfoo wrote:
         | TRAMPs goal is to be able to use ssh, scp, sftp, rsync etc.,
         | without any special TRAMP support on the remote side.
        
       | sunng wrote:
       | The async process sounds promising but unfortunately eglot
       | doesn't work with it. I got a message from reddit that tramp
       | 2.8.0-pre has fixed that issue but until last time I compiled
       | HEAD from tramp repo it still doesn't work.
       | 
       | I just applied other configurations from the article and it seems
       | faster than the default settings. Thank you author for sharing
       | this!
        
       | almosthere wrote:
       | Nice and all, but what about the lessons we learned about running
       | development as local as possible, eliminating the need for remote
       | system access. all that sounds very 90's - 10s. These days you
       | have a local environment that can emulate anything (see docker).
       | Then you write code that interacts with that "anything" basically
       | locally. When you are done with the code you can test and deploy
       | - there is no need for remote access.
       | 
       | VMs should not be ssh'd into anymore - they should just be
       | stamped over with the latest code drop. I mean did we not learn
       | anything from the entire devops/ci/cd/immutability lessons of the
       | last 10 years?
        
         | anyfoo wrote:
         | If you're a web developer, sure.
        
         | PantaloonFlames wrote:
         | What if my desktop is in the cloud ?
        
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