[HN Gopher] I wrote my PhD Thesis in Typst
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I wrote my PhD Thesis in Typst
        
       Author : todsacerdoti
       Score  : 505 points
       Date   : 2025-06-22 21:12 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fransskarman.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fransskarman.com)
        
       | rossant wrote:
       | Great work. Screenshots would be nice.
        
       | Svoka wrote:
       | I'm quite glad some alternatives are popping up. Using LaTeX
       | feels like piece of 80s tech to be honest. It is obviously fine
       | and super powerful, but, like vim-style fine. There got to be
       | more contemporary alternatives that status quo.
       | 
       | Not everyone is into nostalgia. I don't try to take away LaTeX or
       | vim from anyone, it just not for everyone.
        
         | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
         | It's not even fine. It's old and it shows also in the
         | functionality, and I say this as a rather heavy LaTeX user. For
         | example, Unicode support is atrocious. A few years ago I had to
         | include some Hebrew and Russian words in a document that was
         | otherwise in Latin alphabet, and it was hell.
         | 
         | I'm not a vim user but my understanding is that it has native
         | Unicode support. Software with old-school UI but adapted to
         | current needs (or where needs just didn't change) is fine, but
         | it's not the case of LaTeX.
        
           | JadeNB wrote:
           | XeTeX handles Unicode fine, but that's definitely one area
           | where TeX shows its age and its extensibility didn't, I
           | think, allow Lamport to make a real difference.
        
             | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
             | I have heard about it, but it isn't viable for me to switch
             | to it because most academic journals and conferences have
             | templates incompatible with XeTeX, or directly ask for the
             | sources and compile them with pdflatex.
             | 
             | This is the same reason why it isn't viable for me to
             | switch to typst either, by the way. I hope it gains
             | popularity and ends up as a standard displacing (or along
             | with) pdflatex.
        
         | JadeNB wrote:
         | I appreciate your postscript. I don't use TeX or vim out of
         | nostalgia; I didn't discover TeX until I was a senior in
         | undergrad, and I think I didn't discover vim until after I
         | finished my Ph.D. I use vim because it seems best for its
         | tasks, given the way I think (though maybe I think that way
         | because I'm old). I use TeX because I write math for a living
         | and have invested a huge amount of time using it, so that it's
         | become intuitive to me even though I know it wouldn't be for a
         | newcomer, and I can't be bothered to break long-established
         | habits until I know an alternative will be established
         | everywhere TeX is.
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | Well yeah but the point is that unlike other pieces of 70s
         | tech, LaTeX has no suitable alternative in its class (at least
         | until now :p), meaning a FOSS software to produce high quality
         | typesetting with an emphasis on maths.
        
         | commandersaki wrote:
         | These are some notes I wrote when I started out with typst when
         | comparing with LaTeX:
         | 
         | 1. It doesn't generate 5 bloody files when compiling.
         | 
         | 2. Compiling is instant.
         | 
         | 3. Diagnostics are way easier to understand (sort of like Rust
         | compiler suggestion style).
         | 
         | 4. List items can be either - item1 - item2, etc. or [item1],
         | [item2]. The latter is way better because you can use anchoring
         | to match on the braces (like "%" in vim), which means
         | navigating long item entries is much easier.
         | 
         | 5. In latex you have the \document{...} where you can't specify
         | macros so they need to be at the top, in Typst you can specify
         | the macros close to where you need them.
         | 
         | 6. It's easier to version control and diff, especially if you
         | use semantic line breaks.
         | 
         | 7. Changing page layout, margins, spacing between things, etc.,
         | footers with page counters, etc. just seems way easier to do.
        
           | gucci-on-fleek wrote:
           | > 5. In latex you have the \document{...} where you can't
           | specify macros so they need to be at the top, in Typst you
           | can specify the macros close to where you need them.
           | 
           | You can define macros anywhere in a LaTeX document; it's
           | packages that need to be loaded before \begin{document}.
           | 
           | > 6. It's easier to version control and diff, especially if
           | you use semantic line breaks.
           | 
           | TeX mostly ignores whitespace, so semantic line breaks and
           | version control should work equally well with both LaTeX and
           | Typst.
           | 
           | (I agree with all your other points though)
        
             | mr_mitm wrote:
             | I think what the GP means is that whitespace is often not
             | ignored by LaTeX, so line breaks can cause extra wide
             | spaces between words. It's common to comment out the line
             | break in LaTeX for this reason. This is much less of an
             | issue in Typst (if at all) due to the separation of code
             | and content.
             | 
             | https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/7453/what-is-the-
             | use...
        
       | WhyNotHugo wrote:
       | Typst looks really promising, especially due to the fact that it
       | had common templates (like the IEEE one) which produce content
       | identical to LaTeX.
       | 
       | My biggest gripe with latex is the tooling. During my last paper,
       | I ended up using a makefile which would usually work. When it
       | didn't work, running it twice would fix the issue. In the rarest
       | cases, I had to run `git clean -xdf` and the next run would work.
       | 
       | I still have no idea what was going on, and most makefiles out
       | there seem to be obscenely complex and simply parse the output
       | and run the same commands again if a certain set of errors
       | occurred.
        
         | shusaku wrote:
         | The definition of insanity is doing the same thing twice and
         | expecting different results.
         | 
         | By coincidence, this is the basic way to compile latex.
        
           | tom_ wrote:
           | My makefiles ran it 4 times, i think. I still preferred it to
           | Word.
        
             | lblume wrote:
             | Anything is preferable to Microsoft Word.
        
           | SkiFire13 wrote:
           | TBF Typst internally also recompiles a bunch of times until a
           | fixpoint is reached, however it is designed to limit what
           | parts can depend on the previous iterations and to reuse
           | previous results for parts that definitely didn't change.
        
           | a5c11 wrote:
           | Last time I checked, flipping a coin twice gave different
           | results.
        
             | _Algernon_ wrote:
             | Did you flip the coin in the exact same way? Probably not.
        
             | pantulis wrote:
             | If you flip it an infinite number of times, you will get
             | the same results anyway. Call when you're finished :P
        
           | Diti wrote:
           | Aren't getting different results the norm in programming
           | anyway? Developers usually don't make the effort to include
           | idempotency and make builds reproducible.
        
             | MajimasEyepatch wrote:
             | Normally, if you compile the same code twice on the same
             | machine, you'll get the same result, even if it's not truly
             | reproducible across machines or large gaps in time. And
             | differences between machines or across time are usually
             | small enough that they don't impact the observed behavior
             | of the code, especially if you pin your dependencies.
             | 
             | However, with LaTeX, the output of the first run is often
             | an input to the second run, so you get notably different
             | results if you only compile it once vs. compiling twice.
             | When I last wrote LaTeX about ten years ago, I usually
             | encountered this with page numbers and tables of context,
             | since the page numbers couldn't be determined until the
             | layout was complete. So the first pass would get the bulk
             | of the layout and content in place, and then the second
             | pass would do it all again, but this time with real page
             | numbers. You would never expect to see something like this
             | in a modern compiler, at least not in a way that's visible
             | to the user.
             | 
             | (That said, it's been ten years, and I never compiled
             | anything as long or complex as a PhD thesis, so I could be
             | wrong about why you have to compile twice.)
        
               | BrandoElFollito wrote:
               | I wrote my PhD (physics) in LaTeX and I indeed needed to
               | compile twice (at least) to have a correct DVI file.
               | 
               | It was 25 years ago, though, but apparently this part did
               | not change.
               | 
               | This said, I was at least sure that I would get an
               | excellent result and not be like my friend who used MS
               | Word and one day his file was "locked". He could not add
               | a letter to it and had to retype everything.
               | 
               | Compared to that my concern about where a figure would
               | land in the final document was nothing.
        
           | almostgotcaught wrote:
           | Almost every compiler is a multipass compiler.
        
             | owlstuffing wrote:
             | But in this case the passes are manual!
        
               | almostgotcaught wrote:
               | so?
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | Dunno - to me it feels like the latex compiler should
               | just run whatever it needs to for however many times
               | until the output is done/usable, like basically all other
               | compilers?
        
               | optionalsquid wrote:
               | Imagine that your C or C++ compiler gave incorrect
               | output, until you had run it some number of times. And
               | that the number of runs required wasn't obvious to the
               | average user, so people just ran it again and again, to
               | be safe. It's absurd, yet we accept it for latex
        
           | someuser2345 wrote:
           | That's not the definition of insanity, that's the definition
           | of practicing.
        
         | pcfwik wrote:
         | Absolutely not a perfect solution, and maybe you're already
         | using it within your Makefiles, but for anyone who doesn't yet
         | know about it there's Latexmk[1] which is supposed to automate
         | all of this hassle. I think at least on Debian it's included
         | with texlive-full. In addition it has some nice flags like
         | `-outdir` which lets you send all the crazy LaTeX intermediate
         | build/aux files to a separate directory that's easy to
         | gitignore.
         | 
         | https://mgeier.github.io/latexmk.html#running-latexmk
        
           | nextos wrote:
           | LaTeX needs several passes to compile because it was designed
           | with minicomputers of the 80s in mind, i.e. tiny memory
           | constraints.
           | 
           | Latexmk is one way to address this problem. A good IDE like
           | AUCTeX can also figure out how many times the compiler should
           | be invoked.
           | 
           | Good IDEs will also provide other invaluable assistance, like
           | SyncTeX (jumping from source to exact point at PDF, and
           | back).
        
             | gucci-on-fleek wrote:
             | > LaTeX needs several passes to compile because it was
             | designed with minicomputers of the 80s in mind, i.e. tiny
             | memory constraints.
             | 
             | That's certainly part of it, but any typesetting program
             | will need multiple passes to properly handle tables of
             | contents--you can't know a section's page number until
             | you've compiled everything before that section (including
             | the table of contents), but adding a new section to the
             | contents could push everything ahead by another page. The
             | only unique thing about LaTeX here is that it directly
             | exposes these multiple passes to the user.
        
               | mixmastamyk wrote:
               | As long as it's deterministic it should be fine. Run the
               | commands in a makefile. Doesn't sound like the case.
        
         | jeffparsons wrote:
         | I think I used to understand this, but it's been a long time
         | since I had to write any serious LaTeX, so I don't anymore. I
         | found this snippet in my personal _quick-build-latex_ script
         | from over a decade ago:                   if [ -z "$(find .
         | -name "*.bib" -print0)" ]; then             # Just two runs, to
         | cover TOC building, etc.             pdflatex
         | -interaction=nonstopmode "$SOURCE_FILE" && \
         | pdflatex -interaction=nonstopmode "$SOURCE_FILE"         else
         | pdflatex -interaction=nonstopmode "$SOURCE_FILE" && \
         | bibtex "$SOURCE_FILE" && \             pdflatex
         | -interaction=nonstopmode "$SOURCE_FILE" && \
         | pdflatex -interaction=nonstopmode "$SOURCE_FILE"         fi
         | 
         | So I guess if you're using bibtex, then you need to run it
         | three times, but otherwise only twice?
         | 
         | This is to say... I'm glad those days are gone.
        
           | mr_mitm wrote:
           | There can still be cases where a fourth run is necessary,
           | theoretically a fifth run. There are even cases where you get
           | into an infinite loop, for example if you use the vref
           | package. It will "cleverly" replace references to things like
           | "figure 3 on the next page" or "figure 3 on page 8". When the
           | reference is expanded, it might cause the figure to move to
           | the following page, which means the reference is then
           | contracted to "on page 8", which means the figure moves back
           | to the original place again, in which case the reference must
           | be updated, and so on ...
           | 
           | LaTeX will usually tell you by including a warning in the
           | output ("LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to
           | get cross-references right."), which no one reads, because it
           | is so verbose. Not having that warning is not a guarantee
           | that it's now stable either, so our Makefile actually
           | compares the PDF files minus variable bytes like timestamps
           | to know whether the build converged.
        
         | Evidlo wrote:
         | Just use Tectonic nowadays for compiling LaTeX source. It
         | automatically handles these cases of compiling multiple times.
        
           | Tmpod wrote:
           | +1 for tectonic, it's miles better than the alternatives for
           | every single case, in my experience. Development seems to
           | have slowed down lately, which is a shame.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > My biggest gripe with latex is the tooling. During my last
         | paper, I ended up using a makefile which would usually work.
         | When it didn't work, running it twice would fix the issue. In
         | the rarest cases, I had to run `git clean -xdf` and the next
         | run would work.
         | 
         | I always feel like I'm doing something wrong when I have to
         | deal with LaTeX and lose hours to fighting with the tooling.
         | Even with a clean install on a new machine it feels like
         | something fails to work.
         | 
         | The last time I had to change a document I had to go through
         | what felt like 100 different search results of people with the
         | same issue before I found one where there was a resolution and
         | it was completely obscure. I tried to help out by reposting the
         | answer to a couple other locations, but I was so exhausted that
         | I swore off LaTeX for any future work unless absolutely
         | unavoidable.
        
           | da_chicken wrote:
           | I still dislike the idea that my document formatting and
           | layout system really needs a build environment. Because let's
           | be real, almost nobody actually needs it for genuine
           | typesetting. I think the problem with LaTeX is that it's
           | _too_ flexible.
           | 
           | It reminds me a little bit of the problem of Linux
           | distributions. Linux is supposed to be a system with the
           | bazaar model instead of the cathedral model. Except what you
           | actually end up with is that each distribution becomes it's
           | own cathedral, because building a whole system now requires
           | major decisions to be made. LaTeX class files feel like the
           | same thing.
        
           | jll29 wrote:
           | Many people use LaTeX via Overleaf (a Website, cf.
           | https://overleaf.com ) rather than installing it locally.
           | 
           | That also solves the problem of having to install locally
           | vairous extension packages or fonts - all is already there,
           | and after writing a paper you may submit it directly to some
           | conferences or journals from that Web GUI instead of having
           | to email it or upload to a third site.
        
         | veunes wrote:
         | One of the things that really interests me about Typst is that
         | the compile process seems much more deterministic and modern
        
         | _Algernon_ wrote:
         | Why didn't you use latexmk? It deals with the recompiling for
         | you.
        
         | jonathanstrange wrote:
         | What do you mean by tooling? I've used LaTeX for decades to
         | write books and papers and the combination with Emacs was
         | flawless. The only major change for me was the transition from
         | Bibtex to Biblatex.
        
       | TimorousBestie wrote:
       | I'm gradually moving my work over to Typst and it's been a breath
       | of fresh air. Compiles very quickly.
       | 
       | Perhaps the hardest part has been relearning the syntax for math
       | notation; Typst has some interesting opinions in this space.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | mitex is an option [1]. There's no way I could learn another
         | notation, at this point.
         | 
         | [1] https://typst.app/universe/package/mitex/
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | I'll only say that learning typst is easier than learning
           | LaTeX.
           | 
           | It also has first class support for unicode (as does LaTeX
           | via some packages) which if combined with a suitable keyboard
           | layout makes both writing and reading math source code
           | infinitely more pleasant :)
        
         | wenc wrote:
         | Typst looks good, but I'm actually going back to LaTeX but
         | paired with Claude Code in VS Code.
         | 
         | I took a hiatus from LaTeX (got my PhD more than a decade ago).
         | I used to know TikZ commands by heart, and I used to write
         | sophisticated preambles (lots of \newcommand). I still remember
         | LaTeX math notation (it's in my muscle memory, and it's used
         | everywhere including in Markdown), but I'd forgotten all the
         | other stuff.
         | 
         | Claude Code, amazingly, knows all that other stuff. I just tell
         | it what I want and it gets 95% of the way there in 1-2 shots.
         | 
         | Not only that, it can figure out the error messages. The
         | biggest pain in the neck with LaTeX is figuring out what went
         | wrong. With Claude, that's not such a big issue.
        
           | TimorousBestie wrote:
           | Claude and the like are a huge problem for new languages that
           | want to do new things. It was bad enough when a LaTeX
           | replacement had to compete with forty-ish years of package
           | development time. Now they also have to compete with the
           | millions of lines of existing code LLMs have hoovered up.
        
             | smaudet wrote:
             | Great for code re-use but I agree, terrible for anything
             | new.
        
             | coliveira wrote:
             | Which is good, because we don't want to deal with inferior
             | solutions to typesetting that pop up every few years.
        
               | lblume wrote:
               | A slight bias in favor of the status quo might be
               | acceptable or even desired. However current LLMs strongly
               | favor traditional languages and are unable to comprehend
               | even modern language features not part of their base
               | training set.
               | 
               | Consider the counterfactual of LLMs being available in
               | the 1990s, trained mainly on the world's C code. Perhaps
               | we would still be exclusively writing C today for new
               | languages' code could not been synthesized as easily or
               | conveniently. It's not just about Typst or typesetting
               | specifically but programming language design in general
               | and that improvements are becoming much harder to push
               | through.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > Perhaps we would still be exclusively writing C today
               | for new languages' code could not been synthesized as
               | easily or conveniently.
               | 
               | I'm not actually sure that would be a bad thing? All the
               | reasons that immediately come to mind to move away from C
               | have to do with ergonomics and safety, the latter largely
               | being a product of the former IMO. If an LLM can ingest
               | my entire codebase and do 90% of the work to get me to
               | the changes I need doesn't that obviate the majority of
               | the motivation to change languages in the first place?
        
               | afdbcreid wrote:
               | If we get a completely autonomous AI it probably won't
               | program in C (or any other human-understandable
               | language).
               | 
               | If it still programs in a human readable language, that
               | means people need to review the code, at least from times
               | to times. And it's much easier to review modern languages
               | than C.
        
               | okanat wrote:
               | Have you tried typst at least once. You have big words
               | but it is lightyears better than Latex.
        
             | noelwelsh wrote:
             | I've done some simple Typst programming via Claude, and it
             | worked fine. I expected it to be ignorant of Typst but that
             | was not the case.
             | 
             | One of the best things about Typst is that most tasks are
             | very simple. Compared to the reams of Latex BS I was
             | replacing, building my book with Typst is momumentally
             | simpler.
        
               | rcpt wrote:
               | Sure but if the LLMs are making LaTeX easy to work with
               | then why bother trying migrate everyone to a new
               | language?
        
               | noelwelsh wrote:
               | I think there are a bunch of assumptions behind your
               | statement that I believe are not true:
               | 
               | 1. Latex is sufficient for all document publishing needs.
               | E.g. converting Latex to HTML is bad to non-existent,
               | while Typst has HTML export.
               | 
               | 2. LLMs are sufficient for solving all problems one can
               | encounter.
               | 
               | 3. Things that are easier for humans are not also easier
               | for LLMs.
               | 
               | 4. New releases of LLMs will not learn more about Typst
               | 
               | At the end of the day I'm not trying to migrate anyone.
               | Use whatever you feel is best. For my use cases I'm
               | convinced Typst is a better option than Latex.
        
               | TimorousBestie wrote:
               | > why bother trying to migrate everyone to a new
               | language?
               | 
               | .. because a new language might be better?
               | 
               | But moving forward it'll be harder to tell if any given
               | new language is better than existing alternatives. LLMs
               | burden their users with an almost insurmountable status
               | quo bias.
        
               | Ar-Curunir wrote:
               | Because LaTeX is ugly to write and not human-friendly.
               | Adding an AI agent to the loop does not fix those issues.
        
           | ykonstant wrote:
           | I don't know about Claude, but when it comes to LaTeX IDE, I
           | will always recommend TeXStudio over everything else. It
           | handles all the annoying problems of LaTeX setup and
           | compilation, and it provides a discoverable interface with
           | classic-style menus (words, it has words instead of
           | inexplicable little icons!) for various common tasks.
           | 
           | I say that as someone who uses a tricked-out Vim for my own
           | LaTeX workflow, and VS Code for several programming
           | languages.
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | One relatively optimistic prediction would be that a few will
         | accept Typst, but latex export from Typst will gradually get
         | more mature, until we end up with a charade where more people
         | use other frontends like Quarto or Typst that output to latex
         | rather than latex themselves for submission into journals - in
         | certain fields. Somewhere after that time, Typst will break
         | through and be generally accepted itself.
        
         | PatronBernard wrote:
         | I hate a lot of things about LaTeX (also wrote several theses
         | in it, as well as research articles), but the math syntax
         | definitely wasn't one of them. Why on earth would they change
         | it?
        
           | gsinclair wrote:
           | I think anything that is chock full of backslashes and braces
           | can surely be improved upon.
        
             | Maken wrote:
             | You will end up with just a different escape character.
        
       | tiagod wrote:
       | I've used Typst to generate reports in multiple languages and it
       | works pretty well for this! I just pass typst JSON with the
       | report data and use it from there.
        
         | lblume wrote:
         | Especially in combination with file watching. Your script
         | writes to the JSON file and the entire document and everything
         | that depends on it updates automatically, often in less than a
         | second.
        
       | BiteCode_dev wrote:
       | Pro tips: type long content unformatted, or barely formatted,
       | then ask an LLM to format it using your markup of choice, then
       | clean up the thing it got wrong.
       | 
       | They are very decent at inferring the context of stuff and will
       | mark code, maths, titles so on farely decently. This lets you
       | focus on the work of making it looks nice.
        
         | RestartKernel wrote:
         | I'm always worried about LLMs unintentionally affecting the
         | actual content, so the extra effort of carefully reviewing the
         | diff just isn't worth it. Markdown + PanDoc is more sensible to
         | me if your document is simple enough.
        
           | aziis98 wrote:
           | I successfully converted a typst report to md/mdx last week
           | using this technique. For complex layout primitives I just
           | told the llm to write a comment with a warning todo of the
           | missing part it wasn't able to convert
        
           | dkga wrote:
           | Well you can always diff the document. If it's not too large,
           | then manually inspect it. If too long, then pipe the diff
           | into the clipboard and send it to another LLM to summarise
           | the changes.
        
           | BiteCode_dev wrote:
           | The LLM are already good enough to not do that anymore. Worst
           | case scenario, you get wrong formatting, but not wrong
           | content.
           | 
           | Markdown + pandoc is not the same: you need already basic
           | formatting. You have to think about the formatting. For
           | example, math formulas and code are gnarly to type, so I have
           | snippets for them to avoid getting out of the flow.
           | 
           | But LLM don't need that, you can just dump your thoughts, and
           | they format it.
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | Jesus
        
       | octernion wrote:
       | i switched all of our pdf generation to typst - fantastic
       | software. love how efficient it is; it makes previewing trivial
       | and iteration very fast.
        
         | brtv wrote:
         | Interesting! Did you use a tool to do the conversion
         | automatically? How did it pick up on custom packages and
         | styling?
        
           | octernion wrote:
           | well it was a mix of word and markdown files being converted
           | before; converting the word files was somewhat annoying but
           | iirc i exported them and converted those. i wrote all the
           | custom styling we used; pretty straightforward
        
       | shermantanktop wrote:
       | Why do CS doctoral candidates have such a fascination with
       | typesetting? I mean, be into whatever you're into, I guess.
       | 
       | But as soon as someone starts talking about LaTEX and how they
       | spent months on their macros, I think "another hapless victim has
       | fallen into LaTEX's trap." It's like an ant lion that feeds on
       | procrastinating students.
        
         | nailer wrote:
         | I find it odd too. The fascination with typesetting limits the
         | paper's usability on narrower devices which seems a very
         | strange position for engineers.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > Why do CS doctoral candidates have such a fascination with
         | typesetting?
         | 
         | Same reason wantrepreneurs have a fascination with adding dark
         | mode to their CSS. It feels productive while you avoid the real
         | work.
        
           | xigoi wrote:
           | > Same reason wantrepreneurs have a fascination with adding
           | dark mode to their CSS. It feels productive while you avoid
           | the real work.
           | 
           | Accessibility is just as important as "the real work".
        
         | thomasfedb wrote:
         | I wrote my joint med-CS honours (1 year research thing we have
         | in Aus) thesis in Word. My med supervisor was happy with it. CS
         | supervised insisted I reformat it in LaTeX as he couldn't stand
         | the typesetting.
         | 
         | Honestly I don't disagree with him, it looked far better in
         | 'TeX. But that's probably a learnt preference.
         | 
         | In essence, it's culture.
        
         | wenc wrote:
         | It's because LaTeX gives us a sense of legitimacy. (it's also
         | why people go overboard with math notation in LaTeX documents,
         | even when prose is more appropriate).
         | 
         | It produces documents that look like those produced by
         | professors, and luminaries in the field. If you write equations
         | in Word Equation Editor, your work just doesn't look very
         | serious.
         | 
         | It's the same joy I felt when I laser-printed my first
         | newsletter designed in Aldus PageMaker. I was only in my teens
         | but I felt like a "professional".
        
           | pdpi wrote:
           | > If you write equations in Word Equation Editor, your work
           | just doesn't look very serious.
           | 
           | Haven't tried it in a while, but, last I checked, Word
           | Equation Editor output didn't look serious because it looked
           | janky and look like it wasn't really done in a "professional"
           | tool. Part of that is a self-fulfilling prophecy of course,
           | LaTeX output looks right in part because it's what people
           | have been reading for decades, but TeX's formulas just look
           | plain _good_.
        
             | Jap2-0 wrote:
             | Yet Word is leagues ahead of Google docs... ( _shudders_ )
        
               | emmelaich wrote:
               | There are add-ons for Gdocs. This is apparently pretty
               | good. https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/app/autola
               | tex_equat...
        
             | fluidcruft wrote:
             | I don't know if this is still the case or not but equations
             | in Word can be upgraded to MathType. IIRC the Word
             | equations were a basic version of MathType (i.e. developed
             | by the same people). MathType included latex syntax and
             | much better layout and formatting. It was the only way to
             | stay sane when working on journal articles with
             | collaborators who gave less than zero interest in latex
             | (i.e. physicians).
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | The equation editor in Word straight up supports LaTeX
               | now days. It also supports UnicodeMath, which is an
               | actual standard and a pretty cool one at that. Sadly it
               | has almost no adoption outside of Word.
        
             | Skeime wrote:
             | Last time I checked, Word was also basically untenable for
             | math-heavy writing because there was too much procedure
             | involved in setting a formula. This is fine if you need one
             | here and there, but if you have lots of formulas (including
             | many tiny ones, like just using the name of a variable),
             | switching to a dedicated formula mode in the interface is
             | just not pleasant. In LaTeX (or Typst), I just type $, and
             | off I go.
        
               | Jap2-0 wrote:
               | Alt + = will put you in the equation editor fairly
               | easily, and from there you can pretty much use LaTeX
               | notation.
        
           | TimorousBestie wrote:
           | Most universities don't formally train their STEM students in
           | technical writing. At the graduate level, one is basically at
           | the mercy of one's advisor's taste, for better or (usually)
           | for worse.
        
             | shermantanktop wrote:
             | Having tutored CS undergrads on writing, the lack of
             | training (or care, or perceived relevance) was painfully
             | obvious. Many were semi-literate wrt to English prose.
        
             | bjourne wrote:
             | That may be true in US universities, but in Europe students
             | have to write technical reports in almost every course.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | That's a pretty sweeping generalization. In the European
               | university that I went to, CS students definitely didn't
               | have to write anything longer than long-form exam
               | questions until the bachelor's thesis.
        
               | bjourne wrote:
               | But less sweeping than the parent who generalized to
               | "most universities". I think it was a long time since you
               | went to university and times have changed.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | That's probably true. It was definitely very unoptimal
               | for students to not have practiced writing scientific
               | text much if at all, and suddenly having to write twenty
               | pages worth of it for their BSc. (More recently I did
               | study another STEM subject for a bit and noticed that
               | there was definitely more essay writing involved!)
        
               | StefanBatory wrote:
               | Not really for me in Poland - thesis was the only thing
               | we had to write in a technical way.
        
             | bsoles wrote:
             | The first thing that my PhD advisor did, when I first met
             | him as a foreign student, was to give me this book:
             | https://archive.org/details/technicalwriting0000huck. And I
             | am forever grateful for it.
        
             | ykonstant wrote:
             | For the record, at UIUC we had a bunch of seminar classes
             | (and I think a regular class?) on LaTeX and technical
             | document creation, ran by A.J. Hildebrand; it was a
             | fantastic course and I learned a lot of folklore "secrets"
             | that the manuals will not tell you, as well as technical
             | writing tips that were far from obvious.
        
           | api wrote:
           | Given that LLMs can or soon will be able to turn markdown or
           | word into LaTeX this filter won't last long.
           | 
           | It's a dumb filter anyway.
        
             | xigoi wrote:
             | Markdown and Word don't have the tools to express what
             | LaTeX can. Not even your deity of choice will ever be able
             | to turn the former into the latter, let alone an LLM.
        
           | senkora wrote:
           | There's always the WordTex template if you want to create
           | documents that look like LaTeX output from within Word:
           | https://youtu.be/jlX_pThh7z8
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | I did this once in undergrad. Used Word to make my term paper
           | two columns and all formatted like a journal article. Felt
           | cool. Felt legitimate. But I then felt kinda embarrassed and
           | never really shared it with anyone.
        
           | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
           | > If you write equations in Word Equation Editor, your work
           | just doesn't look very serious.
           | 
           | Sez you. MS Word 4.0 for Mac was perfectly alright, putting
           | in less elbow grease than fiddling with LaTex.
           | 
           | And you could get a PDF out of it, via the PostScript print
           | driver.
           | 
           | Never liked those spindly CM Tex fonts, anyway.
        
           | agnishom wrote:
           | > If you write equations in Word Equation Editor
           | 
           | The experience is also awful. It's much better to write \in
           | or \frac{}{} rather than to go to a dropdown menu and figure
           | out which button to click.
        
             | okanat wrote:
             | You can use its own syntax for Word equation editor. They
             | have even added Latex syntax support now. When was the last
             | time you used Word. Latex support in equation editor has
             | been there for ~5 years.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | I remember when I submitted a paper written in LaTeX to my
           | math prof in college, alone in the class (nobody even
           | mentioned it to us so it wasn't exactly surprising, but I was
           | one of those guys running Gentoo as their desktop back then
           | so...).
           | 
           | She not only instantly recognized it, but, judging by the
           | look and the platitudes she gave me on the spot, it probably
           | earned me an extra point on the overall grade.
           | 
           | When in Rome...
        
         | nextos wrote:
         | LaTeX typesetting is a solved problem. Memoir or Classic
         | Thesis, paired with microtype, provide outstanding results and
         | you need to spend zero time on tweaking stuff.
         | 
         | Typst is interesting, but it doesn't yet support all
         | microtypography features provided by microtype. IMHO, those
         | make a big difference.
        
           | __float wrote:
           | What in microtype makes "a big difference"? I don't recall
           | using it (my LaTeX years are long behind me), but all of the
           | examples on https://www.khirevich.com/latex/microtype/ seem
           | incredibly minor. I don't think I'd notice any of them as the
           | reader.
        
             | nextos wrote:
             | It will tweak spacing, kerning, margin protrusion, and font
             | size to improve readability avoid big word gaps and
             | excessive end-of-line hyphenation.
             | 
             | It is what sets professional typography apart. Only Adobe
             | InDesign provides a comparable implementation, tweaking all
             | those details.
             | 
             | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hz-program for a better
             | explanation and an example.
             | 
             | IMHO, the difference is obvious and not minor. Without
             | microtypography texts look ugly: https://upload.wikimedia.o
             | rg/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Hz_Progr...
        
               | Cordiali wrote:
               | Sure, I don't like creeks like in your last example. But
               | I absolutely prefer paragraphs, where the final line
               | would be considered 'too short'. It also makes an
               | appreciable impact for me, in how easy a text is to read.
               | 
               | Which is to say, half of these things are pretty
               | subjective.
        
               | GiovanniP wrote:
               | > Only Adobe InDesign provides a comparable
               | implementation, tweaking all those details.
               | 
               | TeXmacs claims to have implemented microtypography as
               | well (https://www.texmacs.org/tmweb/home/news.en.html, as
               | I am reading it, in the opening paragraph on version 2.1)
        
             | gucci-on-fleek wrote:
             | It depends what you're typesetting--if you're using
             | letter/A4 paper with 1" margins, then you're unlikely to
             | notice any difference; but if you're using narrow columns,
             | then it will _vastly_ reduce the number of paragraphs with
             | ugly huge spaces between words. Margin kerning is the other
             | big feature, but you probably won 't notice that unless
             | you're fairly picky.
        
           | catgary wrote:
           | I'm going to have to disagree with you there. The compile
           | times are long, the error messages are worse than useless,
           | and tikz diagrams are almost always unreadable messes.
           | 
           | Large swathes of mathematics, computer science, and physics
           | involve notations and diagrams that are genuinely hard to
           | typeset, and incredibly repetitive and hard to read if you
           | don't make heavy use of the macro system. Integrating some
           | actual programming features could be a game changer.
        
             | nextos wrote:
             | > Integrating some actual programming features could be a
             | game changer.
             | 
             | LuaTeX already lets you embed Lua code and it is _really_
             | good.
             | 
             | However, I do agree some usability improvements are needed.
        
               | catgary wrote:
               | Have you ever looked at a category theory or differential
               | geometry paper? It just doesn't feel like you appreciate
               | what people are up against.
               | 
               | Look at this thing:
               | https://images.app.goo.gl/4WHN9Pqupxkk8Z3j7
               | 
               | And that's before you get into stuff like categories of
               | spans, etc.
        
           | Paapaa wrote:
           | Typst does already support some microtype fetures out of the
           | box and more are coming:
           | https://github.com/typst/typst/pull/6161
           | 
           | I'd also not overemphasize the significance of microtype
           | features. They might help with narrow columns but on wider
           | columnds the difference is very small and most people will
           | never notice them at all.
        
         | wyager wrote:
         | > Why do CS doctoral candidates have such a fascination with
         | typesetting?
         | 
         | Why does anyone care about typesetting? Probably because they
         | spend a lot of time working with text and have therefore
         | developed a level of taste.
         | 
         | Just because the bottom 80% of consumers have zero taste and
         | will accept any slop you give them doesn't mean there isn't
         | value in doing something only appreciated by the top 20%. In
         | any field, not just typesetting. Most people have ~no refined
         | endogenous preferences for food, art, music, etc.
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | I wonder if any doctoral defense has hinged on how refined
           | the typesetting was. Probably. It's the sort of ritual
           | humiliation that academia specializes in.
        
             | smaudet wrote:
             | I'm not sure that it is as much about ritual humiliation as
             | much as that, well, you are supposed to be at some sort of
             | summit, so you must have refined your process.
             | 
             | A mountain hiker can wear whatever, but above a certain
             | altitude something must be true of them (fit, trained well,
             | holding various gear, has supplies, or is in a plane/heli
             | and probably even better trained/equipped/fit).
             | 
             | I would hope that typesetting is just a qualia of an
             | ordered mind not a goal of it.
             | 
             | You can choose to feel "humiliated", but the truth should
             | be closer to that you may simply be inadequate in that
             | regard.
             | 
             | I.e. it is not that using LaTeX (or even Typst) makes you a
             | better person, just that certain types of people will tend
             | to use tools, like mountain climbers likely use carabiners.
        
             | gucci-on-fleek wrote:
             | > I wonder if any doctoral defense has hinged on how
             | refined the typesetting was.
             | 
             | At least 1 [0], but that's obviously a rather special case.
             | 
             | [0] https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb21-4/tb69thanh.pdf
        
             | xigoi wrote:
             | Poor typesetting is like going to an interview in your
             | underwear. While it may not directly reflect your skill, it
             | says a lot about how much effort you like to put into
             | things.
        
         | blindstitch wrote:
         | The typesetting is finished whenever you want it to be. I spend
         | most of my time thinking about the content.
        
         | unbelievr wrote:
         | Here it's typical that a thesis will be printed as a book, and
         | it's that book that will be evaluated. For PhDs, there's a
         | doctoral defence in front of a committee, peers and other
         | interested parties and they're all given the book.
         | 
         | Usually the process for ordering books is that you send them a
         | PDF with embedded fonts inside it, and it's made at the
         | university's printing house. They will handle distribution etc.
         | So you really, really want it to look right at the first go.
         | 
         | There's been some progress the past few years now where you get
         | to preview the book somewhat, but one surefire way to get it
         | right is to use something like LaTeX. It used to be one of few
         | WYSIWYG solutions out there. And it used to be really hard to
         | do certain required things in e.g. Word. For instance skipping
         | some page numbering and doing others in roman numerals etc.
        
           | yencabulator wrote:
           | WYSIWYG means what you're editing looks like the end result;
           | LaTex and Typst are at the opposite end of the scale, being
           | languages that compile into layout. No, a preview window does
           | not count as WYSIWYG.
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | This answer makes sense to me, because it is rooted in a
           | functional need - the need to have a printing house consume
           | the results successfully.
           | 
           | Some other comments are oriented around aesthetics ("taste")
           | or the state of other tools (Word, etc.) which I understand
           | but those issues are more personal.
        
         | porcoda wrote:
         | Not all of us fell into that trap! My dissertation was written
         | almost entirely using a default document class and a handful of
         | packages, and only towards the end did I apply the university
         | document style to come into compliance. I had more than enough
         | to do on the subject of the PhD and didn't have the patience to
         | burn time on typesetting or fiddling with macros.
         | 
         | I've found in the decades since then that my most productive
         | co-authors have been the ones who don't think about typesetting
         | and just use the basics. The ones who obsess over things like
         | tikz or fancy macros for things like source layout and such:
         | they get annoying fast.
        
           | generationP wrote:
           | Tikz is misplaced in this list; it is how you make any kind
           | of vector drawings in LaTeX. It's not the only way, but
           | perhaps the best documented and most expressive one. If you
           | have any such drawings in your work, you won't get around
           | putting some effort into it. Not comparable with boxed
           | theorems or fancy headings.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Tikz is sometimes useful, but it can also be a massive time
             | sucking pain in the butt.
             | 
             | I mean it is one of the few packages that can actually
             | manage to annoy LaTeX fans, which is really saying
             | something.
        
               | volemo wrote:
               | I think the annoyance with TikZ is twofold: (1) it tries
               | to do a really hard thing (create a picture with text in
               | a human writable way), (2) it is used infrequently enough
               | that it's hard to learn through occasional use.
               | 
               | That said, nobody makes you use TikZ, fire up Inkscape
               | and do it wysiwyg.
        
         | RheingoldRiver wrote:
         | I was a math major in undergrad, we care about typesetting so
         | much because you really do _not_ want to be stuck handwriting
         | everything, but it 's not easy to be faster typing than you are
         | with handwriting when you're writing out rows and rows of
         | equations. (Actually physics was generally a lot harder for me
         | to keep up with while typing than math was.)
         | 
         | And when your life is revolving around classes or your thesis,
         | the #1 most important thing to you in the world is how easily
         | you can transfer your ideas to paper/digital format. It makes a
         | lot of sense that people care a lot about the quality of their
         | typesetting engine and exchange macro tips with each other (I
         | got a lot of helpful advice from friends, and my default latex
         | header was about 50% my own stuff and 50% copied from friends
         | in my same major)
        
           | duped wrote:
           | On a total tangent, I found out that my grandfather's
           | university digitized their entire library a few years ago
           | including his masters' thesis from 1948. Back then it was
           | written with a typewriter and by hand for everything else.
           | 
           | I bet he could have done something more advanced if he had
           | modern computers, but looking at it 75 years later and seeing
           | his handwriting on the page was moving more than the content
           | itself.
        
         | generationP wrote:
         | I guess monks were procrastinating likewise when they
         | illuminated their manuscripts.
        
         | efitz wrote:
         | I have often thought that LaTEX' distinctive font and
         | formatting is either a virtue signal or an in-group signal.
        
         | thesuperbigfrog wrote:
         | >> Why do CS doctoral candidates have such a fascination with
         | typesetting?
         | 
         | Probably because Donald Knuth created TeX and Leslie Lamport
         | created LaTeX.
         | 
         | Two of the greatest minds in Computer Science created the tools
         | and used them to write papers and articles that are beautiful.
         | 
         | Elegant ideas presented beautifully make reading and writing
         | papers a nicer experience.
        
           | jwr wrote:
           | Donald Knuth. Please.
        
             | thesuperbigfrog wrote:
             | Corrected. Thank you.
             | 
             | Autocorrect incorrected it for me.
        
               | ykonstant wrote:
               | >Autocorrect incorrected it for me.
               | 
               | I am saving this entire sequence for later use.
        
           | rrgok wrote:
           | It seems the grammar of the language was an after thought...
           | It amazes me that he spent so much time perfecting the laying
           | out algorithms that he could not come up with a sane
           | language.
        
         | roshdodd wrote:
         | A small, but important aspect of typesetting/WYSIWYM is the
         | ability to break down a large document (like a thesis) into
         | discrete sub-components. You could work on each section of your
         | document in an individual _.tex_ file and include it later in
         | your top-level _.tex_ file. This setup works well with VCS like
         | git.
         | 
         | Another ergonomic benefit is scripting. For example, if I'm
         | running a series of scripts to generate figures/plots, LaTeX
         | will pick up on the new files (if the filename is unmodified)
         | and update those figures after recompiling. This is preferable
         | to scrolling through a large document in MS Word and attempting
         | to update each figure individually.
         | 
         | As the size and figure count of your document increases, the
         | ergonomics in MS Word degrade. The initial setup effort in
         | LaTeX becomes minimal as this cost is "amortized" over the
         | document.
        
           | gwervc wrote:
           | > The initial setup effort in LaTeX becomes minimal as this
           | cost is "amortized" over the document.
           | 
           | I'm still sour about the 3 days it took me to have something
           | usable for my thesis, and I was starting from an existing
           | template. And it's still not exactly how I want it to be; I
           | gave up on addressing a bug in the reference list.
        
             | aeroevan wrote:
             | My school just had an official cls file, so my initial
             | setup was just to download the template. So if that's where
             | you're coming from (the journals I submitted to also had
             | official templates), it's really minimal setup.
        
             | otherme123 wrote:
             | I wrote mine in Latex, along a team mate witting in Word.
             | Her onboard was way faster, but she had to fight really
             | hard in the end for Word not messing up everything on the
             | smallest changes.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, when I had a decent setup I could move a whole
             | section from the intro to the results and the overall
             | layout didn't suffer (floating tables, figures and code
             | still in place, references still pointing where they
             | should). I had code snippets with colour highlights
             | imported from the actual source code (good luck trying that
             | in Word). I could insert the companion papers with a single
             | line of code per document, and they looked great. I even
             | had a compilation flag to output the ereader version.
             | 
             | My take was that Word enabled my team mate to kick a lot of
             | cans down the road (but the cans eventually came back),
             | while for me the reverse was true: build a decent
             | foundation, and after that it was all pure write-cite-
             | compile.
        
         | vkazanov wrote:
         | I don't know about now but in 2000s anything even remotely
         | math-related was PURE PAIN in Word-likes.
         | 
         | In my master's there were like 30 pages of formulas, all
         | interdependent. Typing/retyping these would take forever.
         | 
         | Also, something as simple as having per-chapter files or
         | working with an acceptable editor also helps.
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | From watching people write their thesis in both latex and word,
         | I'd say if anything it is the other way around. The people who
         | write their thesis in word (or another wysiwyg editor) spend
         | more time on their layout than the people writing in latex.
         | Worse, they spend the time while writing, while latex allows
         | for separation of tasks, which allows people to get into the
         | flow much more easily.
         | 
         | Sure, theoretically you can only concentrate on writing with
         | word and ignore layout. In practice in takes a lot of
         | discipline so instead you see people moving figures around
         | putting spaces or returns to move a heading where they want to
         | etc.. In particular as a way to procrastinate from actual
         | writing.
        
           | yusina wrote:
           | > Worse, they spend the time while writing, while latex
           | allows for separation of tasks,
           | 
           | I theory, yes. And that's also what I'm usually trying to do.
           | 
           | What I have observed though with Latex folks is that they
           | type 3 words and then look at the preview or re-compile to
           | see if it looks good.
        
             | gf000 wrote:
             | I mean, as with code, the actual typing is not really the
             | bottleneck.
             | 
             | I also basically read the right pane rendered output, but
             | mostly as a "reading out what I've written and evaluating
             | whether it sounds good" most of the time, not really
             | messing with layouting (especially that LaTeX and Typst
             | does that very well, I can be reasonably sure that my
             | paragraphs will have decent hypens and such).
        
         | nxpnsv wrote:
         | Well during 5 years of undergrad reports and papers, then 5
         | years of PhD thesis papers, you do tend to hoard some useful
         | snippets, it is more of a byproduct than a fixation... at least
         | for me.
        
         | __m wrote:
         | It's like developers obsessing over their tools, so i get it.
        
         | jeffparsons wrote:
         | Another reason to use LaTeX for papers back in the day was that
         | Microsoft Word would routinely corrupt large documents in
         | terrifying ways. Sometimes the root of the corruption existed
         | in the document somehow long before any of it was visible, so
         | even recovering from an old backup would just lead to the
         | problem repeating. I recall the only way to properly "recover"
         | an old backup was to copy it all via plain text (e.g. Notepad),
         | and then back into a brand new Word document.
         | 
         | This is all to say, if you're working on a theis or even a
         | moderately large assignment, working in Word was not good for
         | the nerves.
         | 
         | Looking back, I probably should have just worked in plain text
         | and then worried about formatting only at the very end, but
         | ummm, yes, I guess another hapless victim did indeed fall into
         | LaTeX's trap. :)
        
           | berti wrote:
           | I've run into this exact issue several times with group
           | projects at university in the 2010s, and each time recovery
           | was copying chunks of plain text from backup copies into new
           | documents as you say. Luckily by the time we got to the final
           | year capstone project the whole group was happy to go with
           | LaTeX. Not sure if these Word issues have even been fixed
           | since.
        
             | jeffparsons wrote:
             | I don't have a source for this, so take it with a huge
             | grain of salt... but for some reason I have a memory of
             | someone telling me that the older versions of Word saved
             | and loaded documents by writing the bytes of in-memory data
             | structures directly to files on disk, with not much in the
             | way of marshalling or validation in the middle. Because it
             | was fast, or something. You can imagine the kind of edge
             | cases and oopsies that might result.
             | 
             | The new versions at least serialise to some kind of
             | monstrous XML representation of Word's internal state, so
             | while it's not going to win any awards for world's most
             | elegant document format, it should be slightly harder to
             | corrupt in subtle ways.
        
         | oefrha wrote:
         | Time spent on typesetting produces immediately visible results
         | (however minor). Actual research doesn't. It's the classic
         | feedback loop problem, so like you said, procrastinating
         | students devote lots of time to largely pointless but seemingly
         | productive activities like typesetting.
         | 
         | I was there once. In hindsight all the tweaks were a complete
         | waste of time. All I needed was amsart, plus beamer for slides.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | Why does the premier word processing software (Microsoft Word)
         | care so little about typesetting?
         | 
         | I am biased however, as my thesis was written in LaTeX with all
         | the plots regenerated at compile time from the raw data.
        
           | xigoi wrote:
           | > Why does the premier word processing software (Microsoft
           | Word) care so little about typesetting?
           | 
           | Because its target userbase is people who don't give a single
           | shit about typography.
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | Yet every day all across the world the director is handing
             | the document to their team telling them to work the weekend
             | cleaning it up and make it look good.
        
         | eunos wrote:
         | When I was in college I found out that I have better reading
         | experience reading LaTeX typsetted books. That's why I prefer
         | to read Springer published reference books rather than class
         | recommended books.
        
         | _Algernon_ wrote:
         | For me personally, I have yet to figure out how to get a word
         | processor to have text be justified on both sides without
         | inserting big gaps between words. I could use left justified
         | but then the text ends up looking like a saw blade, which is
         | still ugly.
         | 
         | Latex' handling of floating figures and tables is also much
         | better.
         | 
         | And of course math notation is much nicer to work with in LaTeX
         | (IMO).
        
           | electroly wrote:
           | In Word, set the paragraph alignment to justified and enable
           | automatic hyphenation.
           | 
           | You can actually use LaTeX math notation in the equation
           | editor in modern Word.
        
         | diffeomorphism wrote:
         | This is not limited to CS or Latex in any way. Plenty of
         | students spend a lot of time fiddling with word, powerpoint,
         | note taking systems, citation management (which is surprisingly
         | horrible in MS word), Adobe software etc..
         | 
         | Obvious reasons:
         | 
         | - Your thesis is a major output of years of work. Of course you
         | want it to look good.
         | 
         | - You might think it superficial, but if the presentation looks
         | bad, many people (subconsciously) interpret this as a lack of
         | care and attention. Just like an email with typos feels
         | unprofessional even if the content is otherwise fine.
         | 
         | - Spending time on tooling _feels_ productive even if it is not
         | past a certain point.
         | 
         | - People that are into typesetting now have an excuse to spend
         | time on it.
         | 
         | That said, in my experience people spent a few hours to learn
         | "enough" latex several years ago and almost never write any
         | macros. Simple reason: you work with other people and different
         | journal templates, so the less custom code the better.
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
         | I give 0 fs about typesetting. But typical mainstream software
         | just cannot freaking process a 500 page document with tables,
         | figures, references, equations etc. If
         | Word/Pages/Openoffice/GoogleDocs could do it, no sane person
         | would sink 100's of hours in debugging latex out of memory
         | errors.
         | 
         | But once you are in the latex world you start noticing how much
         | prettier things can be. And then you end up sinking another
         | thousand hours to perfectly aligning the summations in your
         | multi-line equations.
        
         | stared wrote:
         | First, you have to (or at least - you had to). I mean, it was
         | the only way to sanely include a lot of formulae and managing
         | bibliography.
         | 
         | Then you discover that is id beautiful. Honestly, even using
         | base style sets you above the typesetting of books. With some
         | extra tweaks, it is beautiful.
         | 
         | Did I spend a lot of time on LaTeX during my PhD. Sure! But
         | (even counting in all masochism involved into dealing with
         | LaTeX) I both cherish this time, and the results.
        
         | iNic wrote:
         | People who are fascinated with LaTeX are gearhead types. Just
         | the same as photographers who care more about their cameras or
         | chefs who care more about their knives.
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | The problem with gearheads is that they can displace their
           | passion for the activity itself onto the gear around the
           | activity...and get better at having gear but not get better
           | at the activity.
           | 
           | E.g., guitarists who own 80 of the same guitar and spend many
           | hours on the internet arguing about tiny variations in what
           | Fender was doing in 1961. And then they put out a video and
           | it turns out they can barely play guitar at all.
           | 
           | I wouldn't exactly criticize them for that choice, but it's
           | definitely a choice. Or maybe not a conscious choice, because
           | the road to improvement is hard, but the road to more gear is
           | loaded with honeypots of dopamine.
        
         | gf000 wrote:
         | Because it's not particularly fun to edit a typo and have your
         | layout completely messed up 10 pages later, which you have no
         | chance of noticing unless a full review.
         | 
         | And publishing is _the_ primary way academics communicate en
         | large - it 's kinda important to be able write your specific
         | notation without resorting to drawing on paper.
        
       | commandersaki wrote:
       | In case anyone hasn't seen some typst source and renders, here's
       | a few documents I whipped up:
       | 
       | First is based on Todd C. Miller's Latex Resume Template:
       | 
       | - https://typst.app/project/rDUHMUg5vxl4jQ5q2grGPY
       | 
       | Second is a Enduring Power of Attorney:
       | 
       | - https://typst.app/project/rs9ZgGLhgM7iPvFs7PQv5O
       | 
       | Third a will:
       | 
       | - https://typst.app/project/r45dVk6MpLjsoXMvxkTxsE
        
       | pityJuke wrote:
       | Glad to hear Typst has people doing serious work with it.
       | 
       | I've been able to avoid LaTeX. At uni, I went for org-mode ->
       | LaTeX, which was OK except when my .emacs file was filling up
       | with LaTeX stuff to make random stuff work. To be honest, that
       | means I probably can't even compile it again if I wanted to.
       | 
       | Typst has been awesome (always ran into LaTeX just being horribly
       | inconsistent when layout stuff) when I've used it. Hope it
       | continues.
        
         | veunes wrote:
         | Typst really does feel refreshing in that sense... way less
         | fiddly and a lot more predictable, especially for layout tweaks
        
       | vessenes wrote:
       | I was on the typst train, particularly because its layout engine
       | has some additional vertical control for long documents that
       | latex lacks. However, just about when I was looking at moving
       | over, LLM coding became good or at least good enough, and one
       | area the current crop is bad at is doing layout in anything but
       | latex. Not that they are good at latex, but they are terrible,
       | terrible, terrible at typst. Really bad. Maybe in another year or
       | six months!
        
         | dkga wrote:
         | Well, they are good in markdown and rust. Perhaps feeding some
         | Typst documentation overview into the prompt could solve it?
        
           | vessenes wrote:
           | An llm friendly language spec would help, I'd guess. FWIW
           | it's a common long tail language issue -- everybody's realll
           | good at python and typescript, things fall off from there
        
         | the-wumpus wrote:
         | I understand why people like using LLMs for coding, saves them
         | having to think, but it is deeply frustrating to see it being
         | such a crutch that some people cannot use new tools without it.
         | 
         | I suppose the issue is not new, many people didn't want to use
         | new lanuages before because they couldn't copy snippets from
         | the internet, but it was frustrating then too.
        
           | vessenes wrote:
           | You're going to be frustrated a long time into the future I
           | would guess.
           | 
           | I've been coding since before the camel book was published:
           | at that time it was basically ask Larry Wall on Usenet or a
           | local bearded guru if you weren't in a university setting and
           | wanted to learn to code.
           | 
           | I can hand craft code in many a language; I can also do fine
           | wooden joinery. When a project has value to me in the
           | completion and hours to completion is my metric then a cnc
           | machine or an llm is a great tool, and allows me to make
           | things that aren't "worth" hand coding.
           | 
           | When I want to work on a technical skill or just get in the
           | flow I code by hand or use my wood tools. Upshot: different
           | strokes for different folks.
        
         | gucci-on-fleek wrote:
         | > and one area the current crop is bad at is doing layout in
         | anything but latex. Not that they are good at latex, but they
         | are terrible, terrible, terrible at typst
         | 
         | I'm surprised to hear that--I've been using GitHub Copilot with
         | ConTeXt [0] since 2021, and it mostly works fairly well. And
         | ConTeXt is _much_ more obscure than Typst (but also much older,
         | so maybe that gives it an advantage?).
         | 
         | [0] https://wiki.contextgarden.net/Introduction/Quick_Start
        
           | vessenes wrote:
           | I'll tell you my failing prompt - hopefully you can help! I
           | haven't tried since 4.0 / o3 / 2.5 pro came out.
           | 
           | I want a flowed book layout (so we have a facing page with
           | inner and outer margins.)
           | 
           | I am rendering chats in the main part of the page. Chats
           | alternate left and right alignment so it looks a bit like a
           | text conversation. For each chat I want to put metadata
           | (reactions, sender, time) on the margin it is aligned to.
           | 
           | So For a left chat, on a left page, I want to use the left
           | (outside) margin. A left chat right hand page the inside
           | margin.
           | 
           | Two things I could not get sorted: first, perfect vertical
           | alignment between the chat and metadata, ( I think this is
           | possible but difficult) and a persnickety bug where the first
           | chat on each page chooses the last page's proper margin side.
           | 
           | Happy to pay for an answer - I did try to hire a typesetter
           | for this as well.
        
       | dkga wrote:
       | Nice debrief. I think tough some of the downsides the author
       | mentions can be addressed relatively easily with quarto, which
       | has embraces Typst since its early days as I recall. Especially
       | the bibliography issue.
        
       | shrinks99 wrote:
       | Very cool! I ran into the multiple bibliography issue when
       | attempting to typeset my grandmother's PHD thesis which I was
       | able to rescue from the 5.25" floppies it was originally stored
       | on. I was planning on waiting until they solved this officially
       | to resume that side project, but might give Alexandria a shot!
        
         | thezoq2 wrote:
         | That sounds like a fun project! Alexandria is the way to go for
         | now but hopefully they will get proper support for it sooner
         | rather than later.
        
       | irundebian wrote:
       | It can be hard to write macros with state in typst.
        
         | lblume wrote:
         | It is hard to write macros in LaTeX.
        
       | freehorse wrote:
       | What deters me from Typst is that latex math syntax is nowadays
       | ubiquitous. You write $x^2=1$ and it renders in many places.
       | Learning a new syntax for math expressions is simply not in my
       | interests.
        
         | the-wumpus wrote:
         | To be fair $x^2=1$ literally works in typst.
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | The threat is literally the opposite, it is very freeing to be
         | able to write typst syntax because it's quicker and easier to
         | write. But then you're cursed by the fact that every other
         | place now uses latex math syntax by convention.
        
         | Paapaa wrote:
         | It is very fast to learn the Typst math syntax. It is easy and
         | intuitive and usually less verbose than LaTeX. It should not be
         | a difficult thing to learn for most people.
        
       | dleslie wrote:
       | In thirty years LaTEX will still be open source and probably will
       | be maintained.
       | 
       | Typst appears to be a mix of open source and closed source; the
       | general model here tends to be neglecting the open source part
       | and implementing critical features in the closed source portion.
       | Which is to say, it's unlikely to live beyond the company itself.
        
         | the-wumpus wrote:
         | I disagree. The web app editor is closed source, but much of
         | what it provides is open source so editing is a similar (and
         | imo better) experience locally. The typst compiler and LSP and
         | everything you need to use it is open source.
         | 
         | Imo the situation is more like if overleaf were also the people
         | who made the LaTeX project originally.
         | 
         | I think the only possible issue with the typst org dying
         | (assuming after the full 1.0 version so it's mostly
         | maintenance) is that packages are automatically downloaded from
         | the typst site, but an open repo can trivially be made
         | considering that the set of packages used is just from a open
         | source git repo and the closed source site just hosts tar.gz
         | files of the folders in the repo. Not a big deal I think.
        
           | dleslie wrote:
           | They have a deep incentive to drive users to subscribe, and
           | that's directly at odds with keeping all of the document
           | rendering open source. It makes a lot of sense for them to
           | provide document features that are only available to
           | subscribers.
        
             | the-wumpus wrote:
             | They have some incentive to drive users to subscribe, but
             | they have other forms of income, and I think if they ever
             | implemented even a single feature of actual rendering that
             | was closed source their community would riot and we'd get a
             | community managed fork (probably by the guy who does the
             | language server...).
             | 
             | The only way they can continue to gain traction is if they
             | never ever in any way lock people to the web app. Documents
             | must be portable, it's part of why someone would want typst
             | anyways.
             | 
             | I do not see a future where this happens, and if it does it
             | will be because the typst org has changed hands and is also
             | no longer particularly relevant to the future of typst the
             | language.
        
               | ummonk wrote:
               | Is there really a community of volunteer contributors
               | that could fork it if that happened? Typically with a
               | corporate-backed project like this, the corporate
               | development tends to crowd out the formation of a
               | volunteer community of contributors that would be able to
               | take over development.
        
               | gf000 wrote:
               | All the typesetting extensions and such are a community
               | effort. There are so many specific use cases that can
               | only be/will be done by very specialized academics that a
               | non-networked product would die on the vine.
        
             | justinnk wrote:
             | What you suggest seems plausible, but there is a very good
             | counter example. Overleaf is also managing well by relying
             | on the open-source LaTEX. What drives people to subscribe
             | is not the typesetting itself, but the ecosystem around it
             | (collaborative editing, version management, easy sharing,
             | etc.). You can make money with those and still have the
             | rendering free/open-source. I believe a similar thing
             | is/will be true for Typst as well.
        
               | diffeomorphism wrote:
               | That is a bad counterexample. There is a world of
               | difference between the main devs offering a paid service
               | and some unaffiliated company offering services.
               | 
               | In principle, having a reliable source of funding for
               | typst is great. However, as a journal this would make me
               | hesitant: what if down the road some essential features
               | become subscription-only?
        
               | franga2000 wrote:
               | It helps that the LaTeX ecosystem is such a flaming
               | dumpster fire that you all but need a tool like OverLeaf
               | to use it effectively.
        
             | gf000 wrote:
             | There is quite a clear distinction/border between an Input-
             | Output rendering kind of program sitting beneath
             | everything, and a web service providing stuff like
             | collaborative editing, free hosting etc on top.
        
         | agnishom wrote:
         | > implementing critical features in the closed source portion
         | 
         | Like which critical features, for example?
        
           | dleslie wrote:
           | For now, that's the entire collaboration component. It would
           | make sense to build a portion of document rendering in that
           | context which won't be found in the open source portions. A
           | value-add to convince users to subscribe.
        
             | moelf wrote:
             | >For now, that's the entire collaboration component.
             | 
             | And LaTeX has this for free? It's separated concerns, I
             | think the analogy is Overleaf and LaTeX but just happened
             | to be made by the same group of folks, it doesn't have to
             | go down the monetization-at-the-cost-of-your-user route.
        
               | gucci-on-fleek wrote:
               | > And LaTeX has this for free?
               | 
               | Yes, Overleaf is both free-as-in-beer [0] and free-as-in-
               | speech [1]. The OSS version is pretty easy to self-host,
               | but it's missing quite a few features from the paid
               | version. I still prefer compiling from the command-line
               | for most of my documents, but I run the self-hosted
               | version for collaboration.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.overleaf.com/user/subscription/plans
               | 
               | [1] https://github.com/overleaf/overleaf/
        
               | agubelu wrote:
               | Actually I've never understood the "free-as-in-beer"
               | thing. Where is beer free?
        
               | pedvide wrote:
               | I've always understood "free as in beer" as: if someone
               | hands you a beer and says it's free, you know that you
               | don't have to pay to consume the beer, but that doesn't
               | mean that you also get the recipe, brewing instructions,
               | factory plans, glass making instructions etc. The only
               | thing that is free is the liquid itself, nothing else.
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | The term was arguably coined by RMS and his full
               | statement was:
               | 
               | > "Free software" means software that respects users'
               | freedom and community. Roughly, it means that the users
               | have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change
               | and improve the software. Thus, "free software" is a
               | matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept,
               | you should think of "free" as in "free speech," not as in
               | "free beer."
               | 
               | https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
               | 
               | Sometimes beer happens to be free, in which case it is
               | referred to as "free beer". It's just an example.
        
               | diffeomorphism wrote:
               | Lots of occasions, mostly celebrations or campaigns. It
               | even has its own Wikipedia article:
               | 
               | https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freibier
        
               | poulpy123 wrote:
               | often when you are with friends
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | The free plan on overleaf only allows collaboration
               | between 2 people. If you have 3 students in your report
               | assignment then you can't use overleaf for free.
               | 
               | That sounds like a sign that overleaf is struggling, that
               | they had to make that change.
               | 
               | And Typst is more generous there, you can collaborate 3
               | people with no problem.
        
               | gucci-on-fleek wrote:
               | > The free plan on overleaf only allows collaboration
               | between 2 people. If you have 3 students in your report
               | assignment then you can't use overleaf for free.
               | 
               | Yup. You used to be able to share projects with unlimited
               | people via link sharing, but they annoyingly got rid of
               | that last year [0]. And Overleaf's cheapest plan is still
               | more expensive than a basic VPS, so it's actually
               | _cheaper_ to self-host (which is what I 'm doing [1]).
               | 
               | > That sounds like a sign that overleaf is struggling,
               | that they had to make that change.
               | 
               | Either struggling or realized that they have a captive
               | audience--if your professor requires assignments to be
               | typeset with LaTeX and assigns group projects, there
               | aren't really any other options.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.overleaf.com/blog/changes-to-project-
               | sharing
               | 
               | [1] https://www.maxchernoff.ca/p/overleaf
        
             | kyawzazaw wrote:
             | i mean that's what overleaf does with latex too, so i don't
             | see the difference
        
               | xigoi wrote:
               | Overleaf is open source.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | It is open core.
        
         | eviks wrote:
         | > neglecting the open source part
         | 
         | So it's no different than fully open sourced projects.
        
         | cAtte_ wrote:
         | you are wrong. typst's lead dev has stated that an important
         | goal is to have the CLI (which is open source) and web app
         | behave identically, even refusing to implement such a basic
         | feature as PDF embedding because, due to technical reasons, it
         | is currently incompatible with this goal. [1]
         | 
         | typst, the project, is not by any means a "mix" of open and
         | closed, even if typst, the company, is. indeed, the most
         | thorough LSP implementation available (tinymist) is not only
         | open source but a community project. for another funny example
         | see typstify, a paid typst editor not affiliated with the
         | company. [2]
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://github.com/typst/typst/issues/145#issuecomment-17531...
         | 
         | [2]: https://typstify.com/purchase/
        
           | jorams wrote:
           | I believe their intentions are good, and keeping
           | functionality the same for different outputs to avoid
           | fragmentation is good too. An alternative interpretation,
           | however, directly in line with the fear expressed by GP, is
           | that they're already crippling the open source CLI because
           | they can't support the feature in the closed source web app.
        
         | veunes wrote:
         | On the flip side, new tools like Typst are trying to push the
         | UX forward in ways that the LaTeX ecosystem often struggles
         | with. I think it comes down to what risks you're comfortable
         | with
        
         | mayli wrote:
         | Does that matter? The article is in PDF, as other latex
         | generated PDFs.
        
           | diffeomorphism wrote:
           | Yes, obviously. Do you delete all source code once you
           | compiled a binary?
           | 
           | Any future corrections, additions or other modifications are
           | made to the source, not the generated old pdf.
        
             | mr_mitm wrote:
             | LaTeX is not as stable as people make it out to be.
             | 
             | I don't know how many packages there are for working with
             | tables, but 20 years ago, `tabu` was the most recommended
             | package, until the maintainer stopped responding. Now the
             | package is incompatible with almost everything else,
             | leading to headaches when trying to compile old documents:
             | 
             | https://github.com/tabu-issues-for-future-maintainer/tabu
             | 
             | https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/470107/incompatibil
             | i...
             | 
             | Typst at least has dependency pinning out of the box. If
             | you value reproducibility, you should invent a similar
             | mechanism for your LaTeX documents.
             | 
             | Also, I'm loosely following the activities around LaTeX on
             | Github and Stackexchange and it seems that it's mostly
             | maintained by three people or so (Carlisle, Mittelbach,
             | Fischer), who - no offense - aren't getting any younger. I
             | wonder how well LaTeX will be maintained if these long time
             | contributors have to step down eventually.
        
         | Paapaa wrote:
         | Typst is fully open source licensed under Apache-2.0 license.
         | It is not a mix of any kind. Don't confuse the web app with
         | Typst engine. The web app is a similar service to Overleaf and
         | that is closed source. It is not mandatory, you can use Typst
         | fully on your local machine. The team tries to make money and
         | cover development costs with the web app. But the actual
         | typesetting engine is fully open source and free.
        
           | meehai wrote:
           | https://github.com/overleaf/overleaf hm ?
        
             | Paapaa wrote:
             | "That" in my sentence meant that Typst web app is closed
             | source.
        
               | mollerhoj wrote:
               | But that doesn't make much sense - by your account Latex
               | would also be a mix of closed and open source, since
               | closed source web apps exists for writing Latex.
        
               | Paapaa wrote:
               | What does not make sense? Did you mean to answer to
               | someone else? I only stated that Typst (the typesetting
               | engine) is free to use and modify, and only the web app
               | is closed source. Typst can be used without touching any
               | web apps. I use Typst locally.
               | 
               | I made no claims about any mixes or claims about LaTeX.
        
             | malmeloo wrote:
             | The Typst web app, which is similar to Overleaf, is closed
             | source. Overleaf itself is open source, yes.
        
             | kjoona wrote:
             | Overleaf isn't fully open source either, since they have a
             | paid tier with features which are not present in this repo.
             | Inline commenting for example, is a Server Pro -only
             | feature.
        
             | jeltz wrote:
             | Read your own link before posting. While the parent was
             | wrong about it being fully closed source the Overleaf
             | editor isn't fully open source either, it is open core
             | under AGPL.
             | 
             | > If you want help installing and maintaining Overleaf in
             | your lab or workplace, we offer an officially supported
             | version called Overleaf Server Pro. It also includes more
             | features for security (SSO with LDAP or SAML),
             | administration and collaboration (e.g. tracked changes).
             | Find out more!
        
           | josephg wrote:
           | Yep. I wrote an academic paper a few months ago in Typst. I
           | used the VS Code extension for live previewing. All totally
           | opensource and it works great.
        
         | thezoq2 wrote:
         | That is a real concern, but I wouldn't say there are any
         | critical features in the closed source portion. I wrote the
         | whole thesis locally with only open source tools. One of the
         | included papers was written in the cloud platform for
         | collaboration.
         | 
         | It is a concern that there is a single company doing most of
         | the development, but there is quite a bit of community
         | involvement so I don't think it is an immediate concern
        
         | ykonstant wrote:
         | >In thirty years LaTEX will still be open source and probably
         | will be maintained.
         | 
         | The latter is a genuine concern. Will it be maintained? I like
         | LaTeX a lot, but would I want to maintain its internals? No.
         | Could I? If I were paid handsomely, yes. Emphasis on
         | handsomely.
         | 
         | Which leads to another worry: LaTeX itself may be OSS, but down
         | the line it is possible that maintained forks will be
         | controlled by big publishers paying maintainers to deal with
         | the insanity of its internals. And we all know how lovely those
         | publishers are (Tu tthYi tth)Tu
        
           | shakna wrote:
           | TeX Live started in 1996, current update release is March,
           | and has active conferences next year. They're an open source
           | group, that has so far survived the test of time, and I'd
           | suggest motivations are there to keep that into the distant
           | future.
           | 
           | Unless academia collapses.
        
             | ykonstant wrote:
             | I hope you are correct!
        
       | agnishom wrote:
       | Congratulations to the author.
       | 
       | I have to agree that Typst source generally looks a lot less
       | uglier than LaTeX. I considered writing stuff in Typst many
       | times, but I couldn't master the courage to do so.
        
       | gumbojuice wrote:
       | I'm sticking with LaTeX, not as a fetish, but because
       | journal/conferences still do not accept e.g. typst. Will they
       | ever do? I don't know, depends on their willingness to integrate
       | it into their toolchains I guess?
        
         | Zariff wrote:
         | I'm not familiar with how journal submissions work, but don't
         | you simply submit a pdf at the end? Does it matter what engine
         | you used to render it?
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | You normally submit a LaTeX or Word document, and the
           | publisher does the final typesetting. Even in computer
           | science, where people often spend a lot of time tweaking the
           | typesetting, the pdf generated by the authors is essentially
           | a preview. There are often visible differences between it and
           | the publisher's version.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | Yeah this is one of the craziest things about the
             | scientific publishing industry.
             | 
             | Journals justify their fees by claiming its for
             | typesetting, but all they are really doing is adding extra
             | work to nit pick bibliography formats and so on (see the
             | comments in this article about sentence case). Nobody cares
             | about that. I don't think anyone even reads "journals" any
             | more (except maybe Nature/Science etc.). They mostly just
             | read individual papers and then there's no consistency to
             | maintain.
             | 
             | In a sane world journals _would_ accept PDFs. They would
             | check that the format _roughly_ matches what they expect
             | but not insist on doing the type setting themselves.
             | 
             | Oh well, maybe one day.
        
               | aragilar wrote:
               | I would note arXiv requires the source as well, and
               | having the source is what is enabling the HTML
               | experiments they're doing.
               | 
               | On consistency, what the journals provide is some level
               | of QA (how much is a function of field and journal,
               | rather than the what is charges), and the template is the
               | journal's brand, so both the authors and journals benefit
               | from the style (I can tell the difference between the
               | different (all similar quality) journals in my field at a
               | glance by the style).
               | 
               | It's also worth noting that there's a whole much of
               | metadata that needs to be collected (whether you agree
               | with it or not, funders require it), so a PDF isn't going
               | to cut it here either.
        
               | jonathanstrange wrote:
               | Citation and bibliography guidelines are by far the
               | things that authors neglect the most, and they are
               | absolutely essential to ensure quality.
               | 
               | Using PDF as an input format would make editing and
               | typesetting practically impossible. Not that I haven't
               | seen volumes where publishers did that but the results
               | are abysmal and in my experience that only occurred with
               | local "grey literature" like really crappy conference
               | proceedings edited in an institute.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | > Using PDF as an input format would make editing and
               | typesetting practically impossible.
               | 
               | But they don't _do_ any editing or typesetting. They say
               | "use our template" and "the author's second initial needs
               | to be italic in citations". That's my whole point.
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | > Journals justify their fees by claiming its for
               | typesetting [..]
               | 
               | Because they _used_ to actually be doing that.
               | Historically, science journals were pay-to-play because
               | the journal had to typeset your document and print it.
               | But with the advent of computers, they had to pivot while
               | still retaining their revenue streams.
        
           | aragilar wrote:
           | Not only do you need to use LaTeX, but you need to use the
           | journal's class file. Anything else will get rejected.
        
         | thezoq2 wrote:
         | That is for sure my biggest concern with typst. I wrote a tool
         | that can convert from typst to latex for final submissions, but
         | it is a bit sketchy and at the moment won't handle math very
         | well. https://gitlab.com/theZoq2/ttt
        
         | Paapaa wrote:
         | There are already at least two publishers which accept Typst.
         | So that "ever" part is already covered. But most still don't
         | accept Typst and LaTeX is usually mandatory if the sources are
         | required.
        
           | tcfhgj wrote:
           | which ones?
        
             | xkevio wrote:
             | IJIMAI (https://typst.app/blog/2025/typst-at-ijimai) and
             | JUTI (https://forum.typst.app/t/juti-call-for-papers-best-
             | paper-aw...).
             | 
             | Admittedly, not the most renowned or most known journals
             | but you have to start somewhere.
        
         | ykonstant wrote:
         | I sincerely doubt they will: most journals in pure math still
         | _do not accept LuaTeX_ ; just think about that.
        
           | Rendello wrote:
           | It makes sense. LaTeX fetishists tend to be sadomasochists.
        
         | dimatura wrote:
         | Yeah, that was my first thought. And it's not just about them
         | accepting typst, but also whether they would provide a template
         | using typst, like they currently do for latex. Using the
         | conference/journal template to write the article saves a lot of
         | time for both submitters and editors (who have to deal with
         | hundreds, if not thousands of submissions).
        
       | KnuthIsGod wrote:
       | Typist will probably be dead or acquihired in a few years.
       | 
       | Latex will be around for decades.
        
         | lblume wrote:
         | The Typst compiler is completely open-source. I prefer my local
         | copy of the Typst compiler and CLI to whatever LaTeX provides
         | right now already, and there seems to be a still growing
         | community that could keep the project going even after a
         | malicious acquisition of some kind.
        
       | Syzygies wrote:
       | AI is the primary audience for our writing, and the primary
       | reason to reconsider our choice of markup format. It's all about
       | semantic compression: Typst source, markdown, and asciidoc are
       | far more concise than LaTeX source.
       | 
       | I'm observing, not here to convince anyone. The last six months
       | of my life have been turned upside down, trying to discover the
       | right touch for working with AI on topological research and code.
       | It's hard to find good advice. Like surfing, the hardest part is
       | all these people on the beach whining how the waves are kind of
       | rough.
       | 
       | AI can actually read SVG math diagrams better than most people.
       | AI doesn't like reading LaTeX source any more than I do.
       | 
       | I get the journal argument, but really? Some thawed-out-of-a-
       | glacier journal editors still insist on two column formats, as if
       | anyone still prints to paper. I'm old enough to not care. I'm
       | thinking of publishing my work as a silent animation, and only
       | later reluctantly releasing my AI prompts in the form of Typst
       | documentation for the code.
        
         | nxpnsv wrote:
         | Printing is still not uncommon in professional scientific
         | environments. When you actually have to read a paper, it turns
         | out that actual paper is quite convenient.
        
         | suddenlybananas wrote:
         | Personally, I write for humans.
        
         | veunes wrote:
         | The idea of publishing as an animation + Typst doc actually
         | sounds pretty compelling... the old PDF format is starting to
         | feel pretty stale
        
         | a5c11 wrote:
         | > AI is the primary audience for our writing, and the primary
         | reason to reconsider our choice of markup format.
         | 
         | That's AI which must adapt, not humans. If AI can't adapt then
         | it can't be considered intelligent.
         | 
         | > Some thawed-out-of-a-glacier journal editors still insist on
         | two column formats, as if anyone still prints to paper.
         | 
         | Narrow text is easier to read because you don't have to travel
         | kilometres with your eyes. I purposely shrink width of the
         | browser when reading longer texts.
        
         | dwayne_dibley wrote:
         | - AI is the primary audience for our writing
         | 
         | I've been wondering about this a lot lately, specifically if
         | there's a way to optimise my writing for AI to return specific
         | elements when it's scraped/summarised (or whatever).
        
         | Maken wrote:
         | LaTeX can compile to HTML. PDF is just one of many compilation
         | targets, that happens to look nice in almost any platform.
        
       | aitchnyu wrote:
       | Tangential, do LLMs pick up new languages that have less internet
       | discussion and which develop rapidly after knowledge cutoff
       | dates? To naysayers, AIs are supposed to generate hands with 6
       | fingers and ossify language and framework versions.
        
         | lblume wrote:
         | I have so far not been able to get a major LLM to generate
         | fully functional Typst code, no matter how much context I try
         | to put into it. The models do not seem to currently understand
         | Typst's concept of modes (code, markup and math) and especially
         | in code mode suffers from heavy hallucination of syntax and/or
         | semantics.
        
         | patall wrote:
         | Maybe if it's completely distinct. Else definitely no, unless,
         | maybe, if the model is fine-tuned. Had a discussion about it
         | with my dad whos work is developing in a non-mainstream
         | SmallTalk dialect where it doesn't work at all.
        
         | ykonstant wrote:
         | I suppose it also depends on the specific LLM; the output of a
         | free/low-cost model will likely be very different from a
         | $200/month o1-pro.
        
         | V__ wrote:
         | I tried using ChatGPT for Typst a few weeks ago. I had it open
         | and didn't want to search the documentation. The output was
         | totally wrong it, functions which didn't exist and syntax
         | errors. Your mileage may vary.
        
       | Bayes7 wrote:
       | | ,,[...] was a friend telling me his LaTeX thesis took 90
       | seconds to compile towards the end"
       | 
       | Sure, but in order to iterate you won't have to compile the whole
       | document but can just keep the chapter you are working on by
       | structuring it with \includes
        
       | thomasfl wrote:
       | Why not use javascript, JSX and TypScript to produce PDF? You use
       | the language you know already.
        
         | barrucadu wrote:
         | Why would you want to implement an entire typesetting engine
         | yourself?
        
         | xigoi wrote:
         | Since when is TypeScript a typesetting engine?
        
       | veunes wrote:
       | The ecosystem issues and rough edges in bibliography handling
       | don't surprise me, but the fact that you could script so much
       | directly inside the doc is really appealing
        
       | JustFinishedBSG wrote:
       | Is Typst's typesetting quality on par with << bare >> LaTeX ?
       | with LaTeX + microtype ?
       | 
       | It may be stupid and vain but for me if it doesn't at least match
       | the former it's a no-go
        
         | Paapaa wrote:
         | Yes, it uses a very similar algorith as LaTeX. It also
         | incorporates already some microtype features out of the box. So
         | the typesetting quality is very good and easily comparable to
         | LaTeX. Working with Typst is so much easier and faster than
         | with LaTeX so you will be more productive. Many things can be
         | done without resorting to external packages and scripting is a
         | breeze compared to LaTeX.
         | 
         | Just try it out. It is free, open source and very easy to
         | setup. Just install the extension Tinymist on VSCode, that is
         | all you need.
        
         | thezoq2 wrote:
         | Until 0.13 it wasn't quite as good as latex in my experience,
         | it mainly inserted more hyphens than LaTeX.
         | 
         | As of this version, it would be very hard to tell a difference
         | in my experience
        
       | msravi wrote:
       | I have only two peeves with typst.
       | 
       | 1. They should have carried forward the latex standard as-is for
       | math, instead of getting rid of the backslash escape sequence,
       | etc.
       | 
       | 2. There is no way to share a variable across a file's scope - so
       | can't have a setting that is shared across files - not even with
       | state variables.
       | 
       | Other than this, typst is solid, and with the neovim editor and
       | tinymist lsp, is great to write with.
        
         | cbolton wrote:
         | Regarding point 1: I'm so glad they didn't keep the math
         | syntax, there's finally progress in math text input! E.g. we
         | can now write                 $         ZZ &= { ..., -1, 0, 1,
         | ... } \         QQ &= { p/q : p, q in ZZ }       $            $
         | a = cases(           0 & quad x <= 0,           mat(1, 2; 3, 4)
         | vec(x, y) & quad x > 0         )       $
         | 
         | instead of                 \begin{align*}         \mathbb{Z} &=
         | \{ \dots, -1, 0, 1, \dots \}, \\         \mathbb{Q} &= \left\{
         | \frac{p}{q} : p, q \in \mathbb{Z} \right\}       \end{align*}
         | \[         a = \begin{cases}           0 & \quad x \leq 0, \\
         | \begin{pmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4\end{pmatrix}
         | \begin{pmatrix}5\\6\end{pmatrix} & \quad x > 0
         | \end{cases}       \]
         | 
         | Regarding point 2: you can put your settings in a file
         | `settings.typ` and import it from multiple files.
        
           | aragilar wrote:
           | You could use unicode-maths?
        
           | davemp wrote:
           | Agreed. I've done a far bit of math in both and typst's
           | choices are way more memorable and ergonomic.
           | 
           | It's not like keeping the syntax would really gain typst
           | anything besides folks not having learn new things.
        
           | msravi wrote:
           | > Regarding point 2: you can put your settings in a file
           | `settings.typ` and import it from multiple files.
           | 
           | Let's say I have 3 flavors of settings and 10 different typ
           | files - normally I'd just have 3 flavors of top.typ
           | (top1.typ, top2.typ, top3.typ) with the correct settings for
           | each flavor with settings proagated to all 10 files.
           | Compiling top1/top2/top3 would then create flavor1.pdf,
           | flavor2.pdf, and flavor3.pdf
           | 
           | Now how do I do it with settings1.typ, settings2.typ and
           | settings3.typ? I have to go into the 10 different files and
           | include the appropriate settings file! Or employ hacks like
           | creating a common settings.typ using bash in the Makefile and
           | including the common settings.typ in the 10 different files.
           | 
           | Edit: This is an actual use case - I'm helping with a resume,
           | and have 3 different resume styles - a resume, a cv, and a
           | timeline - and different files like education, work
           | experience, honors, awards, publications, projects, etc and
           | the level of detail, style, and what is included or not in
           | each is controlled by which resume style is active. In latex
           | I did this using \newcommand and the ifthenelse package.
           | 
           | In typst, I have had to resort to passing these global
           | settings as arguments to functions spread across these
           | different files, so each resume item (function) instantiated
           | from the top file has a bunch of parameters like detail_level
           | = 1, audited_courses = true, prefix_year = false,
           | event_byline = true, include_url = true, etc., which make the
           | functions unweildy.
        
             | cbolton wrote:
             | Just have a master settings.typ that you import in
             | top1.typ, top2.typ and top3.typ?
             | 
             | Alternatively, you can pass global settings at build time
             | with `typst c --input name=value`
             | 
             | Maybe I misunderstood though, if you can link to an actual
             | example (gist or something) I'd be happy to try and give a
             | concrete solution.
        
               | msravi wrote:
               | > Just have a master settings.typ that you import in
               | top1.typ, top2.typ and top3.typ?
               | 
               | Yes, but each included file (like education.typ,
               | publications.typ, etc) should also get these settings
               | propagated from top - which typst doesn't allow - the
               | appropriate settings need to be included in each of these
               | files.
               | 
               | > you can pass global settings at build time with `typst
               | c --input name=value`
               | 
               | This is something I did not know - will check.
        
               | cbolton wrote:
               | You can import settings.typ in top.typ, and then import
               | top.typ in education.typ. This way the variable/function
               | definitions will propagate.
               | 
               | Or you can import settings.typ in all files that need it
               | (education.typ, etc.).
               | 
               | What doesn't work is to have a file like top.typ contain
               | import "settings.typ": *       import "education.typ": *
               | 
               | and hope that this will make settings available in
               | education.typ. Because each .typ file is "pure" in the
               | sense that it only knows the variables/functions that are
               | defined in the file, or imported. This way you don't have
               | a file magically affecting the bindings available in
               | another file, which is nice.
               | 
               | It's true there are cases where you'd like something like
               | the above. Currently you can do something like that using
               | states and context (basically putting the "settings" into
               | the document and retrieving that) but it's not so nice.
               | In the future the plan is to make this nicer by allowing
               | custom type definitions (and having show rules and set
               | rules work with them as they work with built-in types).
        
       | wosined wrote:
       | Why not LyX or TeXmacs? Both seem to be better options than yet
       | another markup language.
        
         | GiovanniP wrote:
         | In addition to making it possible to write easily, TeXmacs is
         | also based on a markup language. It demonstrates that a markup
         | language and WYSIWYG writing can coexist efficiently.
        
       | retorquere wrote:
       | > But in the Bibtex file it is very common for the titles to
       | appear in their original title case form
       | 
       | That is common because they are following the rules about how to
       | steer capitalisation when using bib(la)tex:
       | 
       | - If the entry is in English, and the style demands title case,
       | output as is
       | 
       | - If the entry is in English, and the style demands sentence
       | case, convert to sentence-case and output
       | 
       | - If the entry is not in English, output as is
        
         | thoroughburro wrote:
         | > If the entry is in English, and the style demands sentence
         | case, convert to sentence-case and output
         | 
         | Nope: not possible to automatically determine which capitalised
         | nouns are proper (and thus remain capitalised in sentence case)
         | and which are common (and thus become uncapitalised).
         | 
         | This is in fact why it is better to store sentence case: it can
         | be unambiguously converted to title case while the reverse is
         | ambiguous. It's not mere preference.
        
       | dwayne_dibley wrote:
       | Does Mendeley perform any better here than it does with overleaf?
        
       | sydon wrote:
       | Congrats OP on your PhD!
        
       | poulpy123 wrote:
       | I tried typst a year ago, and I found it really nice to use
       | compared to Latex. I even managed to make (or modify I don't
       | remember) a small module to customize boxes, something I would
       | not have even though of trying with latex.
       | 
       | I don't use latex anymore and I don't have a use case for typst,
       | so I'm not currently using it, but I follow the advancements from
       | time to time, and I have to disagree with the advisor.
       | 
       | Typst is perfectly fine for replacing latex in almost any place
       | that doesn't require the latex source. The other case is because
       | tthe ecosystem is much smaller so if you need a specific
       | extension that does not exist or is not trivial to implement
       | you'll be out of luck, and you'll be stuck with latex.
        
       | codeape wrote:
       | From https://www.latex-project.org/about/:
       | 
       | "LaTeX is not a word processor! Instead, LaTeX encourages authors
       | not to worry too much about the appearance of their documents but
       | to concentrate on getting the right content."
       | 
       | IMO, the only people that use LaTeX are people who are willing to
       | trade the convenience and productivity of using a sane document
       | authoring format for the warm and fuzzy feeling you get when you
       | use an outdated piece of typesetting software that is a) hard to
       | configure, b) hard to use and c) produces output for the least
       | useful reading platform available (paged pdfs).
       | 
       | And the pronounciation is stupid.
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | Do you feel the same about Markdown?
         | 
         | Just curious.
        
           | codeape wrote:
           | No, I like Markdown.
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | Alternatively, they're people who write documents in a field
         | where LaTeX is the standard, they're not computer savvy enough
         | to try to even look for something new that might be acceptable
         | or might compile to LaTeX, and at any rate they want to focus
         | more on their research than they do on changing the typesetting
         | norms in their field.
         | 
         | (No shade on people who _do_ decide to use alternatives, and
         | Typst is great!)
        
         | JohnKemeny wrote:
         | > IMO, the only people that use LaTeX are people who are
         | willing to trade the convenience and productivity of using a
         | sane document authoring format for the warm and fuzzy feeling
         | [...]
         | 
         | I hope you are aware that literally all research in mathematics
         | and computer science is typed up and published in LaTeX?
        
           | codeape wrote:
           | Imagine the rapid advancements we could make in those fields
           | if researchers stop wasting time on a baroque, outdated
           | typesetting system.
        
         | OkayPhysicist wrote:
         | The major selling point to me, is that I can write the content
         | I want, in a rather straightforward manner, and then just apply
         | whatever formatting is necessary. It makes a lot of sense in
         | the context of, say, university, where you're taking multiple
         | classes, which each use different formatting guidelines, but
         | those formatting guidelines stay the same for the duration of
         | the course. I could just figure out (either using existing
         | formats, or by hand-rolling my own) a document type for each
         | class, and then never think about formatting again, whereas
         | with a word processor, you've got to keep in mind the arcane
         | series of steps necessary format your document in whatever
         | style you require, and then pray that any modifications you
         | make don't break the formatting.
         | 
         | The other place it's useful is heavily typeset documents,
         | especially those subject to somewhat frequent modification,
         | like a resume.
        
           | codeape wrote:
           | Using a word processor (MS Word, Apple Pages, LibreOffice
           | Writer) is nearly as bad as using LaTeX (in some cases,
           | worse).
           | 
           | Using a plain-text format like Markdown, ReStructuredText or
           | AsciiDoc is likely better in almost all cases.
        
             | OkayPhysicist wrote:
             | Plain text formats like Markdown work great if you don't
             | care at all about the specifics of the final formatting.
             | Tools like LaTeX are for when you care _deeply_ that the
             | resulting document follows a certain format, but don 't
             | want to think about that formatting while writing.
        
       | jonathanstrange wrote:
       | I've never had a big complaint about LaTeX, it's easy to get into
       | and the results are stunning if you use it minimally and with
       | care. They only thing I've always been missing was a way to make
       | it easier to have perfect register-true typesetting for books.
       | This has to do with LaTeX's paragraph flow algorithm and lack of
       | global optimization, or so I've been told.
       | 
       | Can Typst provide better register-true layout? That would be
       | interesting to me.
        
       | rcpt wrote:
       | It's been a decade since I wrote anything in LaTeX and I echo all
       | it's pain points.
       | 
       | But it seems like LaTeX is the kind of thing that LLMs would nail
       | perfectly. I feel like using it today wouldn't be very bad.
        
       | CodesInChaos wrote:
       | Generally Typst looks like a significant improvment over LaTeX to
       | me. The language is cleaner and easier to understand, and the
       | first class scripting support is appealing. Its embeddability and
       | templating features make it an interesting option for automated
       | PDF generation (e.g. invoices) as well.
       | 
       | However its handling of introspection and convergence gives me a
       | bad feeling.
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | Related work: Racket has Scribble, which is used for some books,
       | academic papers, and a lot of package API docs.
       | 
       | https://docs.racket-lang.org/scribble/getting-started.html#%...
       | 
       | Although it doesn't look like Scheme, it has the full power of
       | Scheme.
        
       | cbondurant wrote:
       | The initial motivation of LaTeX compile times being slow is very
       | interesting to me.
       | 
       | I use LaTeX as a tool for layout of books to print for hobby
       | bookbinding and my current project - a 3 megabyte, 500k word
       | beast of a novel - only takes around 10 seconds to compile.
       | 
       | I cant imagine what the friend of the author here had going on in
       | his paper such that his compile times took such a hit. Required
       | use of specific LaTeX libraries dictated by the journals he was
       | submitting to that were written inefficiently? specific LaTeX
       | features or packages that end up hitting significantly slower
       | codepaths?
       | 
       | Makes me wonder if its not LaTeX itself that is the speed issue
       | but instead the very maturity of the ecosystem that it has as
       | advantage over Typst. It could entirely be possible that once
       | Typst has the wide berth of features and functionality available
       | through its ecosystem, that it would become just as easy to fall
       | into compile time tarpits.
        
         | noelwelsh wrote:
         | My experience is the same as OP: Typst is significantly faster
         | than Latex. My book has all of table of contents, parts and
         | chapters, figures, code samples, tables, images, and
         | bibliography. These are all going to require multiple passes to
         | layout. E.g. you cannot insert page numbers until you have laid
         | out the table of contents, as it comes before other content.
         | However you cannot construct the table of contents before you
         | have processed the rest of the document. A typical novel won't
         | have most of these, and so I think it will be substantially
         | easier to layout.
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | A few parts are dramatically slower. Images for me, for
         | instance, really slow down the compilation, especially if latex
         | needs to read a high definition image into memory. Raw text
         | like that from a novel is very fast.
        
         | jdranczewski wrote:
         | PhD theses often have many figures, and these are often not
         | optimised. My thesis is around 30MB, and that's _after_ I
         | optimised a couple of the most egregious figures. I 'm planning
         | to make it better in the corrections phase, but file size is
         | really not something most people will be concerned in the
         | writing phase, and so compile times are likely to suffer.
         | 
         | For further reference, a single-pass compilation of my thesis
         | currently takes 25 seconds, and multiple passes are of course
         | needed if the layout/bibliography changes. I ended up setting
         | up TeXstudio to always compile only once for the preview, and
         | then run the full N complications for the final build. That
         | plus liberal use of \includeonly made compile times not that
         | much of an issue
        
         | mollerhoj wrote:
         | it is not strange that these systems don't do incremental
         | compiles? Things are literally paged.. Why does newer systems
         | such as typst do full compiles when a single page is edited? I
         | know that all subsequent pages might be affected, but surely,
         | one could workaround this by allowing sloppy but fast compile
         | options for subsequent pages, that sacrifices correct layout
         | for something decent?
        
           | flokl wrote:
           | Well Typst does incremental compilation with the "watch"
           | command which allows, for most documents, live preview.
        
       | lizimo wrote:
       | We [1] have been using Typst to generate PDF documents in
       | production for a few months, such as invoices and labels. It's
       | generating thousands of documents daily, and I'm glad that some
       | of them are printed and used by people in the warehouse who are
       | doing real work.
       | 
       | I really like the simple syntax that Typst provides. It would be
       | much harder for the PMs to edit the templates if we went with
       | other solutions, such as wkhtmltopdf.
       | 
       | We also looked into other document generation services that
       | provide a WYSIWYG interface, and they are all quite expensive and
       | often lack advanced scripting capabilities.
       | 
       | [1] https://garnercorp.com/
        
         | lol768 wrote:
         | How have you found the generation performance? It _seems_ like
         | this should really be a perfect fit for this sort of use-case,
         | and I 'd hope the memory footprint and speed are all much more
         | competitive than HTML-based approaches.
         | 
         | The team I'm currently working with are using Gotenberg for
         | things which we can afford to take a little while, and C#/Skia
         | for things which need to be reasonably quick.
        
           | ManBeardPc wrote:
           | I only experienced a couple milliseconds for small documents
           | of 15 pages or so. It's reasonably fast to show the user the
           | result ,,immediately" on changes. Haven't checked memory
           | usage.
        
           | lizimo wrote:
           | Most of the documents are generated in an instant, plus we
           | deployed this on Kubernetes with HPA, so high load isn't an
           | issue.
           | 
           | The main issue I found with an HTML-based approach is that
           | browsers are not designed for papers. It would be very
           | challenging, but still possible [1], to customize the page
           | layout, headers, and footers. Nonetheless, we have even more
           | advanced use cases that only Typst/LaTex could cater to, such
           | as displaying the table header of a table that spans multiple
           | pages on every page.
           | 
           | [1] https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
           | US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_media_q...
        
         | film42 wrote:
         | Thanks for your comment! I have a few PDFs that I need to
         | generate for groups of users every so often and since
         | wkhtmltopdf is considered EOL, I've been forced to use chrome
         | (which sucks to manage). I just rewrote that code to use Typst
         | (via the typst gem) and it's so so so much better.
        
       | stefanos82 wrote:
       | I keep an eye on https://github.com/let-def/texpresso which is a
       | live rendering and error reporting for LaTeX; just watch the
       | videos that are in README and you will get amazed!
        
         | lol768 wrote:
         | This is very cool; I wish it was supported by the TeXiFy-IDEA
         | plugin.
        
       | fabiensanglard wrote:
       | I am working with typst for my next book. This framework has been
       | a dream. I am SO happy I never have to touch LateX again.
        
         | skywal_l wrote:
         | What will it be about? (please say Quake Black Book)
        
       | crossroadsguy wrote:
       | I just want a a very simple Markdown like syntax to make a very
       | basic resume with just few features that are not in Md:
       | 
       | - custom spacing - horizontal/vertical (after list dots/numbers
       | etc as well)
       | 
       | - justifying the text
       | 
       | - custom margins
       | 
       | And for that something like this is an overkill. Less than Tex
       | but still an overkill.
       | 
       | Hell, I can do with a flavoured markdown if it supports this.
        
         | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
         | i don't know if this is more than you're willing to do, but i
         | think a lot of markdown processors allow you to specify custom
         | CSS (which would allow you to do what you're looking for, if
         | rendering to HTML). it's a pain compared to standard markdown
         | but if you can figure out the underlying HTML tags you're
         | trying to style, it should be a one-and-done change.
        
           | crossroadsguy wrote:
           | I shall definitely explore that.
        
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