[HN Gopher] The cultural decline of literary fiction
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The cultural decline of literary fiction
        
       Author : libraryofbabel
       Score  : 206 points
       Date   : 2025-06-22 16:00 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (oyyy.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (oyyy.substack.com)
        
       | TimorousBestie wrote:
       | While I disagree that "the publishers went woke" is a salient
       | reason (or even true in any real sense), I give the essay props
       | for resisting the urge to reduce a very complicated problem down
       | to a single causal factor.
        
         | peacebeard wrote:
         | Some better versions of this take might be "In the culture war
         | many people are only willing to consume media that perfectly
         | signals their virtues, so even innocuous content can seem
         | antagonistic." or "Our culture changed and I don't like it
         | anymore, get off my lawn."
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | For the most part I think this culture war is a figment of
           | the media's imagination/desire. I think people just don't
           | want to read for the most part--even those who purchase the
           | books.
        
             | gherkinnn wrote:
             | I find the culture war to exist primarily in the minds of
             | the terminally online.
        
               | peacebeard wrote:
               | Maybe if you include "terminally watching the news on
               | TV". But either way, it's a lot of people.
        
               | hotmeals wrote:
               | Most TV news now is talking about stuff in Twitter and I
               | Can't Believe It's Not Twitter.
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | My issue with the wokeness is that it makes the stories very
         | predictable. One race of characters is pretty much bad. The
         | other race needs some saviorism. It's not the message of
         | wokeness that is boring, but the repetitive and insistent
         | manner in which it is delivered.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Not the message, but the fact there's little else besides the
           | message to keep you interested.
           | 
           | As opposed, for example, to Richard Morgan's A Land Fit for
           | Heroes. Where the main character is gay. He was persecuted
           | for being gay. There are gay sex scenes.
           | 
           | However this is not what the book is about. Stuff is
           | happening in that series. He's the hero of a decent story.
           | 
           | But then I'm talking about a fantasy series so it's not
           | "literature" :)
        
           | TimorousBestie wrote:
           | Was Tolkien woke? I wonder.
        
         | brazzy wrote:
         | It seems to me pretty clear that the article is arguing that
         | "wokeness made fiction crap" is really just the most current
         | result of "authors are optimizing for critics and editors, who
         | are competing for status, and neither are interested in
         | producing stuff readers like".
        
         | ethagnawl wrote:
         | Those repeated allusions to how _we all know how publishing has
         | gone woke_ really made me cringe.
        
       | fullshark wrote:
       | Affording someone status for being someone with an opinion on
       | cultural artifact X no longer exists. No one is impressed,
       | there's too many people with thoughtful opinions on important
       | books doing absolutely nothing valuable in society.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | How has that changed since the mid 20th Century?
        
           | dmoy wrote:
           | Self publishing your opinions in a way that is cheaply
           | (freely) accessible to anyone became a thing. Previously if
           | you wanted a book review you had to spend a chunk of time
           | and/or money to even find a review, and when you did there
           | was like a handful of reviews. If the thing was more
           | esoteric, maybe zero reviews.
        
         | vintermann wrote:
         | So it isn't that we become stupid from browsing, it's that the
         | internet has an unlimited supply of critics?
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | I've never been able to give myself a good justification for why
       | I should be reading any of that stuff.
        
         | Papazsazsa wrote:
         | The reason you read literary fiction is because you're curious
         | about the outer edges of human thought or experience.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | This is HN, they may be looking to put a monetary value on
           | it.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | Interesting. That's exactly why I read science fiction.
        
           | mcnamaratw wrote:
           | But that's new. Until ca 1970-2000, people read literary
           | fiction because it was high quality, much more than because
           | it was unrelateable. O'Hara, Salinger, and Franzen were not
           | writing about the outer edges of human experience.
        
           | esafak wrote:
           | But does it have to be inaccessible to be so? It's easy to
           | write something incomprehensible that says nothing. Is the
           | writer writing about something that is inherently complex,
           | and that's why it is inaccessible? Not typically in a novel.
           | The prospective reader may then ask, why should I bother? I'm
           | also curious what Pynchon has to say, but not enough to
           | justify the investment.
        
             | tekla wrote:
             | It's not inaccessible. Its just that you don't have the
             | reading skills from lack of use.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Yes, I'm sure it all our faults, not that of the product.
        
               | tekla wrote:
               | Yep, skills need to be practiced before you engage with
               | harder material
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Or, authors need to be subservient to the needs and
               | desires of the customers.
        
               | antasvara wrote:
               | Around 54% of adults read at a 6th grade level or below:
               | https://www.apmresearchlab.org/10x-adult-literacy
               | 
               | Based on this, you could reach both of these conclusions:
               | 
               | 1. Most literary fiction is inaccessible to the average
               | adult.
               | 
               | 2. It's a big problem that even moderately complex novels
               | are inaccessible to the average adult.
               | 
               | The first statement (which I think is where you're coming
               | from) is absolutely true. If you want to write a very
               | popular book, it should be easily readable at a 6th grade
               | level.
               | 
               | The second statement is more a statement of values. Some
               | people (such as myself) find it problematic that the
               | average adult can't read/understand a book that is more
               | complex than Harry Potter.
               | 
               | You don't have to agree with the second statement. A lot
               | of people don't. But I think understanding _why_ someone
               | might find that problematic is important. Personally, I
               | think there are a lot of things worth knowing that can 't
               | be written at a 6th grade level.
        
               | protocolture wrote:
               | >In the US
        
               | trinix912 wrote:
               | If their goal is to write bestsellers, sure. That's where
               | the EUR5 leisure novels come from. OTOH, if their goal is
               | to push boundaries or be original, being subservient to
               | the desires of the customers is counterproductive.
        
               | mcnamaratw wrote:
               | Don't be a d**k. Lots of literary fiction is perfectly
               | readable for normal humans. Lots of what isn't accessible
               | is just not that enjoyable to anybody. I'm happy to
               | debate ... but only using specific examples. Authors and
               | titles.
               | 
               | The example of noise music came up elsewhere in the
               | discussion. It's an important example. Most people won't
               | ever like it. You fill the pipeline with noise music, 99%
               | of us will literally listen to anything else, or to
               | nothing. I like a little bit of it, but in general I'm
               | simply not going to acquire that taste.
        
               | antasvara wrote:
               | >Lots of literary fiction is perfectly readable for
               | normal humans. Lots of what isn't accessible is just not
               | that enjoyable to anybody.
               | 
               | The PIAAC surveys, while imperfect, indirectly address
               | what percentage of adults can read and appreciate
               | "literary fiction."
               | 
               | The first part of the definition of level 3:
               | 
               | >Adults at Level 3 are able to construct meaning across
               | larger chunks of text or perform multi-step operations in
               | order to identify and formulate responses. They can
               | identify, interpret or evaluate one or more pieces of
               | information, often employing varying levels of
               | inferencing.
               | 
               | The first part for Level 4:
               | 
               | >At level 4, adults can read long and dense texts
               | presented on multiple pages in order to complete tasks
               | that involve access, understanding, evaluation and
               | reflection about the text(s) contents and sources across
               | multiple processing cycles. Adults at this level can
               | infer what the task is asking based on complex or
               | implicit statements. Successful task completion often
               | requires the production of knowledge-based inferences.
               | 
               | The full definitions can be found here:
               | https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/piaac/measure.asp
               | 
               | Based on the full definitions, understanding the use of
               | metaphor in a longer text probably sits in Level 4. A
               | simple metaphor might sit in Level 3.
               | 
               | Based on the recent survey results, only half of US
               | adults read at Level 3 or above. Around 15% read at Level
               | 4 or above.
               | 
               | I invite you to look at this PowerPoint of sample
               | questions for each level: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t
               | &source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjJ...
               | 
               | Based on that, what level of literacy do you think
               | indicates someone capable of reading and enjoying
               | literary fiction? I think the hypothetical cutoff is
               | somewhere between Level 3 and 4.
               | 
               | Based on all of this, let's use Sally Rooney's book
               | "Normal People" as an example. If we're being super
               | charitable, at _most_ 50% of people would be able to read
               | and comprehend that book. If we 're being less charitable
               | with our definition of "comprehension," I think we're
               | probably looking at closer to 30% of people really
               | understanding it.
        
             | UncleMeat wrote:
             | Is it inaccessible? Some books are, but there is a huge
             | amount of literary fiction that follows traditional
             | narrative and is comprehensible to anybody with a high
             | school education. There are more than enough such books to
             | fill a lifetime.
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | I don't mean every work of literary fiction; only those
               | commonly regarded as difficult, like Pynchon's.
        
             | voidhorse wrote:
             | This is fundamental misunderstanding of literature.
             | 
             | This is like saying to a musician: I like the melody but
             | you chose all the wrong instruments.
             | 
             | Obviously, the entire _character_ of a song depends not
             | only on the melody (idea) but also on the instruments
             | chosen, the performance, etc. (material).
             | 
             | For literary fiction, the words _are_ the material. What
             | distinguishes literary works is not merely the  "ideas"
             | they present but the _way_ in which they are presented. The
             | words are the author 's instruments, his paints. This is
             | the difference between writing/reading _for information_
             | and writing /reading as an aesthetic experience. Literary
             | fiction of course imparts information and ideas, but it is
             | predominantly about the latter experience insofar as the
             | point is the evocative expression of those ideas.
             | 
             | This is why just reading the cliff notes for a literary
             | work is missing the point.
        
               | mcnamaratw wrote:
               | "This is fundamental misunderstanding of literature"
               | 
               | No it is not. It is a central and vital part of
               | literature.
               | 
               | Wound you like to have a friendly debate, each of us
               | using quotations from any fiction writers we like?
        
               | voidhorse wrote:
               | Actually, I'd agree that "fundamental misunderstanding"
               | is too strong. Obviously there is a certain threshold of
               | comprehensibility one needs to achieve regardless of
               | whether one is pursuing aesthetic ends or informative
               | ones.
               | 
               | That said, I would stand by the assertion that reading
               | literature only for the information it imparts is missing
               | much of the point. We esteem authors not solely for their
               | plots and characters, but also for their stylistics--the
               | difference between a great writer and a passing one is
               | often little more than the well considered phrase. The
               | arrangement, use, and rhythm of words are a major
               | component in a literary work.
               | 
               | My point is that asking a writer to "express it more
               | simply or more accessibly" may in many cases amount to
               | asking them to butcher the stylistics that they felt
               | achieved the highest aesthetic quality for the kind of
               | work they wanted to produce.
               | 
               | If one is given a business briefing it is probably the
               | apex of reason to ask a writer to simplify. Are there
               | cases in which this or that phrase in a literary work
               | would benefit from simplification? Yes, but to ask an
               | author to simplify their _entire aesthetic approach_
               | generally, really seems to me to fail to have appreciated
               | a large part of what distinguishes literature from basic
               | expository writing.
        
               | mcnamaratw wrote:
               | Maybe we agree, maybe we disagree. You got specific works
               | and authors? That would help a lot.
        
               | voidhorse wrote:
               | Sure, here are some of my favorites:
               | 
               | Faulkner, Thomas Bernhard, John Barth, Henry James,
               | Herman Melville, Fleur Jaeggy, Dostoyevsky, Marguerite
               | Duras, Poe, Hawthorne, Rosemarie Waldrop, Kraznahokai,
               | 
               | These are just a couple that came to mind. Among them,
               | probably Waldrop, Jaeggy, and Bernhard are the most
               | experimental, but I would argue that none of them
               | aesthetically speaking write books that are simple, and I
               | don't think I could argue that any of them should have
               | simplified their themes or style or general employment of
               | language to be more accessible.
               | 
               | Kraznahorkai and Bernhard are great examples. Are walls
               | of text without paragraph breaks harder to read? Yes. But
               | this is an important aesthetic choice. In both cases (all
               | of bernard, melancholy of resistance for Kraz) it speaks
               | to an overbearing oppressiveness that ties directly into
               | their thematics. If you missed this I think you missed
               | out an essential point of their aesthetic and what they
               | were trying to say. We cannot sever form and content.
               | This is why I think it's absurd to complain that
               | someone's work is "not accessible" --its really silly to
               | demand any sort of aesthetic capitulation on the part of
               | any artist, literary or otherwise, in the first place.
               | 
               | Edit: Faulkner is another good example that's less
               | experimental. I'm sure some readers would have found _As
               | I lay Dying_ or _The Sound and the Fury_ more accessible
               | if a narrator mediated between the various first person
               | voices he presents, but this would so drastically change
               | the aesthetic character of these works that I doubt you
               | 'd be able to claim they aren't essentially different and
               | would not be equivalent pieces of art.
        
               | kristjansson wrote:
               | I'd agree with your original assertion. Liking the
               | content but not the form is like looking at a Turner and
               | wishing the ship were closer and he'd chosen a clearer
               | day, or thinking that Monet had some nice flowers in his
               | garden but you'd like him to have painted them more
               | clearly to be sure.
        
         | awongh wrote:
         | There's nothing more effective than a piece of fiction at
         | transmitting the subtle complete world-view ideas of an author
         | directly into your brain.
         | 
         | I mean that in the sense that non-fiction is still very much
         | fictionally presenting a world view of the author or the
         | subject, but in a way that's bounded by real facts. Literary
         | fiction doesn't have that constraint.
         | 
         | Human history and society is actually made up of ideas and by
         | taking 2-300 pages to digest a set of ideas you come away with
         | a new perspective you can't get any other way.
        
           | drakonka wrote:
           | Fiction is alive and well. This article is specifically about
           | the decline of literary fiction.
           | 
           | I think people simply realize how boring and pretentious much
           | of contemporary literary fiction is; many choose to go pick
           | up a science fiction, or thriller, or even romance novel that
           | can convery all the same ideas in more interesting and
           | accessible ways.
        
             | awongh wrote:
             | I think it's pretentious too, but I also think it's a
             | useful distinction in the sense that the category aspires
             | to deeper and broader ideas than a lot of fiction- Harry
             | Potter, Hyperion, Dennis Taylor, We Are Legion, Twilight.
             | 
             | Not to say that the distinction itself, literary vs non-
             | literary fiction, isn't extremely pretentious. But we all
             | recognize that some book's ideas are more shallow than
             | others.
        
         | LordShredda wrote:
         | It's fun
        
         | mcnamaratw wrote:
         | What is that stuff? Is Kurt Vonnegut that stuff?
         | 
         | Folks, downvoting the comment above is literally destroying
         | what you claim to support.
        
         | julianeon wrote:
         | I can give one.
         | 
         | As far as I can tell, as far as your entertainment options go,
         | literary fiction is THE best option to exercise your mind.
         | 
         | Ranked, in order, it's: literary fiction, nonfiction, computer
         | games, movies, TV.
         | 
         | "Meta-analyses show fiction reading has stronger associations
         | with cognitive skills than nonfiction, with medium-sized
         | benefits for verbal abilities and general cognition. Fiction
         | enhances social cognition by exercising the brain's default
         | network involved in theory of mind. Reading fiction increases
         | brain connectivity, particularly in language areas and
         | sensorimotor regions, with effects lasting beyond the reading
         | session."
        
           | protocolture wrote:
           | Literary fiction is a category of fiction. Why read literary
           | fiction over other fiction?
        
           | BalinKing wrote:
           | What's the source of that last quote? I Googled it but got no
           | results....
        
             | CGMthrowaway wrote:
             | It's probably AI but you can find the studies here and in
             | the related links below
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38602788/
        
         | easterncalculus wrote:
         | Simply put, these are some of the greatest stories ever told
         | and can teach about the world, its history, and the fundamental
         | questions of the human experience.
         | 
         | "Fiction is the lie through which we tell the truth." - Albert
         | Camus
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | > Books like Pride and Prejudice, War and Peace, The Brothers
       | Karamazov, etc still sell many thousands of copies every year,
       | more than even big hits in contemporary literary fiction.
       | 
       | I think the author skips past the real answer right here. The old
       | books haven't gone away. Even if we assume there are good new
       | books, they have to compete with the supply of existing books,
       | which grows without bound - unlike the time and attention of
       | consumers.
       | 
       | Every form of media has this problem. A human lifetime can only
       | consume so many books, so many films, so many hours of music. A
       | new movie comes out: what are the odds of it being more worth
       | your while than one on the existing IMDb Top 1000? Decreasing.
       | 
       | Books are no different. What are the odds that something new is
       | going to displace something existing off the shortlist of greats
       | that you already don't have time to read?
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | > I think the author skips past the real answer right here. The
         | old books haven't gone away. Even if we assume there are good
         | new books, they have to compete with the supply of existing
         | books, which grows without bound - unlike the time and
         | attention of consumers.
         | 
         | That's a real phenomenon in music. New works have to compete
         | with the entire body of existing work, some of which is pretty
         | good.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | And movies and TV. Why try some random new stuff when any of
           | the classic movies is both guaranteed to be good and probably
           | available for free from the library's DVD collection?
        
             | sdenton4 wrote:
             | Relevance!
             | 
             | eg: What's it like to be a teenager alongside the rise of
             | AI? It's a hell of a lot different than the old sci-fi
             | imagines, and old sci-fi generally skipped to the 'end-
             | phase-ubiquitous-AGI' instead of focusing on the
             | transitionary 'awkward teenage' period of the technology.
        
           | whstl wrote:
           | True, but I'd say it's worse for books than for music.
           | 
           | For music there's still plenty of network effects in favor of
           | new music... things like live concerts, radio and DJs playing
           | the latest stuff, playlists that make actual money being all
           | about new stuff, younger people wanting to connect to their
           | own generation, pop culture enthusiasts always chasing the
           | "new thing".
           | 
           | Sure there are oldies stations and DJs and listeners
           | rediscovering vintage stuff, but network effects for books
           | are rarer, there's not that many Dan Browns anymore.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | On the other hand, music is arguably more timeless, in that
             | the contents of lyrics is less crucial for the enjoyment of
             | music.
        
               | galaxyavenu wrote:
               | I don't think that's true at all, plenty of my friends
               | has some kind of aversion to "old" music because they
               | could not "get" the aesthetic. Plus I'm sure most people
               | are sick of Fur Elise.
        
               | whstl wrote:
               | Compositions: absolutely.
               | 
               | More "evergreen" genres like classical, jazz,
               | soundtracks, and also stuff by established artists?
               | Surely!
               | 
               | But pop music recordings get "too dated" quite fast for
               | the mainstream and mainstream audiences. This kinda keeps
               | Spotify and Radio charts fresh and newer artists make
               | some money. IMO of course!
               | 
               | EDIT: Wait! One thing however where you're right and I'm
               | wrong is with live concerts. Today older legacy acts
               | compete and often surpass attendance of newer acts.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | To note, books have a different networks: they can get
             | movie/TV/game adaptions and get pushed to the news
             | forefront, their author can also play the SNS game.
             | 
             | There's still no Spotlight for books, and I'm with you how
             | tougher than other media it is.
        
               | 7jjjjjjj wrote:
               | I heard a joke that you don't write a political book for
               | people to read, you write it so you can go on all the
               | talk shows to be interviewed about your book.
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | That is of course not a joke at all depending on the
               | field. It's kinda like being published in prestigious
               | papers.
               | 
               | While specialists and enthusiasts will enjoy and peek at
               | the content, being recognized as someone who writes about
               | the subject and can be presented as an expert of the
               | field can absolutely be the main impact for the author.
        
             | galaxyavenu wrote:
             | Yeah I would say books got it worse, there's a strong
             | tradition of re-arranging old classics in new music, e.g.:
             | kamasi washington remaking clair de lune. so listening to
             | old pieces are not only rewarding, it's even necessary.
        
           | boznz wrote:
           | and the author of course is only sampling a very tiny dataset
           | of the works pushed by the algorithm. Many authors like me
           | will never get on their radar.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | > That's a real phenomenon in music. New works have to
           | compete with the entire body of existing work, some of which
           | is pretty good.
           | 
           | John Philip Sousa was right about recorded music.
        
         | golol wrote:
         | I would say every genre of media has this problem. A form of
         | media might exist for thousands of years, but genre and fashion
         | always evolve in new directions, because what's the point of
         | creating more of what exists already.
        
           | jay_kyburz wrote:
           | Video Games were immune for a while because technology was
           | changing so fast, but in the last decade or so its become
           | really clear players don't care nearly as much about graphics
           | as they used to.
           | 
           | People will quite happily pickup and play games from many
           | years ago. Many of my teenage kids favourite games were made
           | before they were born.
        
             | taormina wrote:
             | Well, graphics plateaued and then we started to remember
             | that fun and highest fidelity graphics don't necessarily
             | have anything to do with each other.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | People do care enough about graphics for Bethesda to spend
             | time and money making e.g. Oblivion Remastered, though.
        
               | jay_kyburz wrote:
               | Oblivion is nearly 20 years old now and looked terrible
               | at the time. (compared to other games that shipped at the
               | time) Oblivion is a _big_ game not a polished game.
               | 
               | update: I found this screenshot and I think I was
               | remembering Morrowinds characters.
               | 
               | https://slayweb.blogspot.com/2011/08/elder-scrolls-
               | evolution...
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Morrowind had very janky animations, but it wasn't too
               | bad for 2002 otherwise. Definitely not top notch, but,
               | well, look at faces in Deus Ex for another example from
               | this period...
               | 
               | Oblivion had those weird faces but was otherwise pretty
               | good actually, especially the lush outdoor environments.
        
           | bandrami wrote:
           | There's a cave in France where somebody started painting a
           | horse and 10,000 years later (but still tens of thousands of
           | years ago) somebody finished it in the exact same style and
           | technique. Novelty isn't required in art though it's
           | currently prized.
        
           | sotix wrote:
           | > genre and fashion always evolve in new directions, because
           | what's the point of creating more of what exists already
           | 
           | Well aren't we mostly retelling Greek myths and great works
           | the same as Shakespeare did in his time?
        
         | eviks wrote:
         | > A new movie comes out: what are the odds of it being more
         | worth your while than one on the existing IMDb Top 1000?
         | Decreasing
         | 
         | Not really? This is a rather "mechanical" view missing the
         | bigger social part - for example, a big part of that worth is
         | the social conversation, and the chances of your friends to
         | watch that new movie vs the top 1000 isn't decreasing.
         | 
         | Also there is this factor of new films being able to
         | incorporate "current" events which old films can't, and that's
         | another factor of worth that's not decreasing with time
        
           | citizenpaul wrote:
           | >bigger social part
           | 
           | Perhaps the "bigger" social part is what is missing. I've
           | found I stop reading books or watching movies now days all
           | the time. It seems like no media/author can resists SHOVING
           | their micro-politic issue down your throat rather than simply
           | presenting it as part of a story that you digest.
           | 
           | Its not that the social parts are missing. Its that there are
           | 1,000,000 competing social issues and everyone is trying to
           | make theirs heard.
           | 
           | I'm not sure if its the creator's or the publishing companies
           | watering things down. Either way someone is doing it
           | intentionally. No book where the prominent theme is is a
           | micro politic will ever stand the test of time, or even gain
           | a significant following.
        
             | nottorp wrote:
             | > It seems like no media/author can resists SHOVING their
             | micro-politic issue down your throat rather than simply
             | presenting it as part of a story that you digest.
             | 
             | That may say something about the declining quality of
             | writing.
             | 
             | You have to be a real pro to write propaganda for any topic
             | that is also good literature. But most people are not Jack
             | London :)
        
               | voidhorse wrote:
               | I think it's due to a general decline into literalness.
               | 
               | I'm not sure which came first: audiences that no longer
               | understand symbolism, metaphor, allegory, or writers who
               | no longer use it. In any case, all of these things are
               | basically completely absent from any modern piece of
               | mainstream media. Wherever there's an attempt, it's
               | decidedly conspicuous. There's little nuance and
               | subtlety.
        
               | citizenpaul wrote:
               | >That may say something about the declining quality of
               | writing.
               | 
               | It might but I'm not sure its all of the story.
               | 
               | I know how business and money works. I can say for sure
               | there are forces out there saying. "Our focus group
               | didn't understand this, make the message POP
               | more,more,more" To writers/producers before they are
               | willing to cut a check.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Well if it works for the movie industry why wouldn't it
               | work for "literature" too...
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | I've found I've stopped watching TV or movies or reading
             | written fiction, but it's because fiction in general has
             | ceased to do something for me. It's as if there's a willing
             | suspension of disbelief needed that I can no longer muster.
             | Fiction comes across to me as inherently false. This seems
             | to transcend the particular political position taken, if
             | any.
        
               | pomian wrote:
               | It could be that reality is more "exciting" than any
               | fiction, and your mind can't handle any more.
        
         | pseudocomposer wrote:
         | This is all built on an assumption that arts/media can all be
         | strictly ranked "best" to "worst." There are a million metrics
         | by which we might try to measure it, but well... that's just
         | not how art works. Thinking this way indicates a fundamental
         | lack of understanding of what art is. Probably one of the most
         | important metrics is "relevance to, and effect on, the state of
         | the world as it is right now." And pretty much any arbitrary
         | "1000 best" list is not going to take that into account.
         | 
         | That's why people listen to Chappell Roan, and near-
         | instinctively belt her songs out out after a few drinks,
         | instead of Beethoven symphonies or Mozart operas, even if the
         | latter may be "superior" in nearly every measurable way. Part
         | of art is how it speaks to the listener. In fact... I might
         | argue that that's all of art, with metrics about it being an
         | entirely different, not-art thing.
         | 
         | (I say all this as a classical musician and senior software
         | engineer with a math background, myself.)
        
           | citizenpaul wrote:
           | The fact that you can belt out Chappel Roan drunk is pretty
           | much an objective assessment of its "worse'ness." Beethoven
           | takes many years of dedicated practice to be able to achieve
           | and you would have to be very skilled to perform it drunk.
        
             | voidhorse wrote:
             | This equates the value of art with technical difficulty,
             | which is not how most people actually evaluate art.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | I would not say that the value of art is strictly
               | equivalent to technical difficulty. But I would say that
               | there is a level of technical competence required for art
               | to be good. Something that takes no skill to create (e.g.
               | that absurd banana duct taped to a wall "piece") is not
               | good art, if indeed it can be called art at all.
        
               | Avicebron wrote:
               | The fact that people still talk about it and ridicule it
               | 6 years after it was created, and it lives on in the
               | cultural zeitgeist as that, makes it good art. It's
               | literally called Comedian.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | This guy
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Ducham
               | p
               | 
               | killed off the argument that "X isn't art" for all X.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | I don't see any art in the linked article.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | killed off the argument that X isn't art for some Y,
               | where Y is people trying to decide if X is art or not.
        
               | 65 wrote:
               | I would argue art is not about how "good" it is, but
               | rather how it makes you feel. And the duct tape banana,
               | just by referencing it, is successful in making you feel
               | something.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | A friend of the family gave my son a guitar a while back
               | and more recently tried to get him to play _Sugar
               | Mountain_ by Neil Young. He worked at it pretty hard and
               | struggled with it because even though it is simple it has
               | to be played with great precision to sound good. Then he
               | discovered grunge and bar chords and had a breakthrough
               | with _The Day I Tried to Live_ by Soundgarden and
               | _Rooster_ by Alice in Chains.
               | 
               | Now he's looking for good songs he can play and that's
               | gotten him into David Bowie songs from _The Rise and Fall
               | of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars_. For a long
               | time I thought of David Bowie as one of those classically
               | trained musicians like Frank Zappa who played rock
               | because it had commercial potential, but he found many
               | songs on that album to be great songs that were within
               | his reach. Now when we have houseguests who say they like
               | Rush he will be able to play the chorus of a few songs in
               | 24 hours and he 's building instruments like a Guitar-
               | harp-ukulele (fretless guitar with two bridges, one of
               | which has a harp section) and he's asking me about the
               | physics to build a bass guitar tuned an octave or two
               | below a regular bass guitar.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | When trying to learn the guitar I fell in love with Santa
               | Monica by Everclear, and Go With The Flow by Queens Of
               | The Stone Age.
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | > he's asking me about the physics to build a bass guitar
               | tuned an octave or two below a regular bass guitar.
               | 
               | I barely know anything about music, and probably less
               | about guitars, but if he can do barre chords, then you
               | can try to build a simple capo with him, since he might
               | readily grasp the utility of having a clamp that
               | essentially gives you another hand on that side of the
               | guitar.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | He's been experimenting with clamps, he has one for the
               | fretless guitar section of the guitar-ukulele.
               | 
               | As for the electric quadro- or octo-bass the variables
               | you can tweak are:                  * length        *
               | mass/length        * tension
               | 
               | There's some limit to how long you make the strings or
               | you can't play it or otherwise you need something to
               | extend your reach like the levers on the octobass. The
               | other two are inside a square root which is not in your
               | favor. Probably the easy thing to do is find some really
               | heavy strings for a normal bass and see how low you can
               | get the tension.
               | 
               | But really he's the one to build things. Back when I was
               | in physics they kept trying to get me to do experiment
               | rather than theory, if I have any regret it is that if I
               | had studied experiment I'd be able to build all the
               | things that my son wanted to build but, hey, he can build
               | those things now.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | There was once a company making a bass ukulele with inch-
               | thick polymer strings. Playing them was kind of
               | hilarious, and would be fun to see it scaled up to the
               | size of an actual bass guitar... Probably someone has
               | done it...
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | Life is the ultimate test. We see ourselves reflected in
               | the eyes of others. There may be nothing more humbling
               | than being confronted with our own ignorance, except when
               | we have an audience.
               | 
               | I guess once the strings are too loose, then they can't
               | vibrate consistently enough for long enough to be
               | tunable/playable? I am wondering if a kind of lap guitar
               | or a guitar laid flat might allow for pedals to be used
               | that could bisect the strings to do octave changes upward
               | in pitch. Going downward in pitch from an open position
               | is going to be hard unless you have some excess tunable
               | string beyond the last point of contact with the strings,
               | and that contact could be released to increase the string
               | length?.
               | 
               | You might be able to find an 8 string bass, and have two
               | different string gauges. The top four could be heavier
               | gauge and tuned at a lower octave. Or you could alternate
               | gauges and silence the strings? I don't know much about
               | playing technique, but it sounds like it might be hard to
               | build in such a way so idiomatic playing technique and
               | style is preserved, but many alternate tuning methods and
               | tools do affect how the guitar is played, so that may not
               | be such a big deal if he's the only one playing it, but
               | if he wants the mechanics to translate to playing other
               | guitars, those concerns might be more relevant.
               | 
               | It might also be possible to teach him how to build
               | simple guitar pedals, which can easily pitch bend in
               | post-processing once you know how the parts fit
               | conceptually together.
               | 
               | Your guitar projects sound interesting and would be a
               | good post for HN if you can find the time.
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | Get him a multiscale/fanned fret 5 string bass and just
               | size up the gauges. A 37" scale bass trying to hit E0
               | will need about 0.18ga on the low string to be playable,
               | which will definitely require a nut modification, but is
               | doable.
        
               | autarch wrote:
               | An electric bass that's tuned an octave lower exists -
               | https://www.lignum-art.com/product-page/4-string-sub-
               | octave-...
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | There is no two octaves below a regular bass guitar. On a
               | 5 string bass, the lowest string is B0 in standard
               | tuning, coming in at 30hz. You can get a long scale
               | length bass and put really chonky strings on it and drop
               | that down as low as E0, which is 20hz, but past that
               | point most people just can't hear the notes anymore.
        
             | pseudocomposer wrote:
             | To be clear: I _have_ spent the years to memorize and be
             | able to perform a few Beethoven sonatas (not to mention the
             | years required to even get to that point). I can also play
             | them drunk (though not as cleanly, and wouldn 't do that in
             | any paid/professional performance situation). I literally
             | did this sort of thing for a living before deciding to use
             | my CS/Math degree to be able to better provide for my
             | family (https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonlatane/).
             | 
             | And _none of that_ makes Beethoven  "better" than Chappell
             | Roan. Because there is no objective assessment of
             | "better/worse"ness in art. That's not how art works, or
             | what art is.
             | 
             | On the other had, your inability to correctly spell the
             | name of an influential contemporary artist, with 40+M
             | listeners per month, replying to a comment that did
             | correctly spell her name, _is_ a pretty objective reason to
             | not trust anything you have to say about art (or, perhaps,
             | much else, at least until you address whatever underlying
             | issues /pathologies have you thinking this way).
             | 
             | Perhaps this will offer you some perspective: back when I
             | did music for a living, I often _did_ think this way. I
             | thought most contemporary music was trash if it didn 't
             | offer the harmonic or contrapuntal complexity of classical,
             | or even jazz. Really, being a young man from a poor
             | background, I believe it was more a survival instinct
             | (trying to gaslight myself and others into measuring me as
             | "good enough" for gigs). It nearly ruined music for me,
             | though. It required me being dishonest with myself about
             | what I really enjoyed. Letting all that go has been a
             | multi-decade process, and it's made me a much more well-
             | adjusted individual. It also applies in many ways to the
             | software world (as long as you stay out of
             | Google-/Meta-/Oracle-type bigtech misery-inducing rat
             | races).
        
               | citizenpaul wrote:
               | > there is no objective assessment of "better/worse"ness
               | in art. That's not how art works, or what art is.
               | 
               | You've been fooled by the rent seeking class.
        
               | crq-yml wrote:
               | Precisely the opposite. Rent-seekers eagerly invite
               | comparison for purposes of valuation, and push the lens
               | of art towards technical and political measurements. When
               | a work is _incomparable in the way in which it achieves
               | verisimilitude_ it is escaping this system.
        
               | citizenpaul wrote:
               | You are basically talking about the part where the system
               | is so broken or rent captured that the only way out is
               | through the bottom. Sure, but that doesn't make it good
               | automatically.
        
               | mathgeek wrote:
               | Agreed here. Every time my kids bring up tier list
               | rankings I have to again explain this to them.
        
               | dbalatero wrote:
               | Is there an article (so you don't have to write an essay)
               | that explains what you mean here? I don't think I'm
               | familiar with the short hand point you're making here. I
               | understand the terms rent seeking and familiar with the
               | argument made in the quote fwiw.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | There's art that moves you, or does not move you. That's
               | the measure that matters most in your unique and finite
               | life. You get to choose for yourself what to spend your
               | time on, objectivity be damned.
        
               | bccdee wrote:
               | Are you honestly tell me that you would let someone
               | correct you on a matter of taste? That an authority could
               | tell you, "no, you're wrong for enjoying this piece of
               | art. It's bad and you ought to dislike it," and you would
               | obey?
               | 
               | If so, you're a dupe. Trust your own taste. That's the
               | first step to connoisseurship.
        
             | whstl wrote:
             | Man, you should go to an open air classical concert in
             | Europe sometime.
             | 
             | Sure we are just quietly getting shitfaced for most of it
             | but if they play Ode to Joy you can be certain that the
             | 10000 drunks in Waldbuhne will belt it.
             | 
             | Also not Beethoven but I'm pretty sure some violins will
             | get broken if they don't play Berliner Luft here in town.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | Like how it's probably law in the UK that any classical
               | concert with a large crowd in attendance must end with
               | Jerusalem for a good ol singalong, or else they tar and
               | feather the conductor.
        
             | EdwardDiego wrote:
             | I can belt out (and am known to occasionally do so when
             | walking home from the pub solo) Ein Schwan by Grieg (in the
             | German, didn't learn the Norwegian version) and Ave Verum
             | Corpus by Byrd while drunk, so you're saying these two
             | pieces suck?
             | 
             | (I also like to throw the occasional Magnificat or Nunc
             | Dimittis to mix it up. As you can tell, I'm a reformed
             | choir boy. Oh, and Jerusalem by Parry/Blake is custom
             | designed for drunken singalongs.)
             | 
             | I beg you to listen to the first two pieces and perhaps
             | reconsider your chosen metric.
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/BNuT7-6zBds?si=fbyim815cp6tiD4R
             | 
             | https://youtube.com/watch?v=R3vuU7XAaUM
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | You don't need to rank strictly and linearly. An objective
           | ordering need not exist. It's enough to see that on
           | shortlists of "great" works, common themes emerge. Is _The
           | Great Gatsby_ better than _The Catcher in the Rye_? It doesn
           | 't matter. They both come with universal acclaim, and that's
           | stiff competition for anything new. Besides, are great works
           | not promoted as being timelessly relevant to the state of the
           | world?
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | Stan Lee made a comic about how he and his co-workers made
             | comics, and in one frame he says something like "How dare
             | it he say it is hackneyed? I stole it from the best classic
             | I could find!" That is, if superhero movies sell today,
             | stories about Hercules and Theseus sold 2500 years ago.
        
             | technothrasher wrote:
             | And I loved Catcher in the Rye, but not so much The Great
             | Gatsby. I've found this "shortlist" of classics that have
             | universal acclaim has always been hit or miss for me. The
             | classics I was assigned to read in high school would seem
             | to lurch from riveting to a slog to get thorough. I don't
             | blame the books, it's just what captures my particular
             | interest. Given that, I have never really used "the
             | classics" as a guarantee that I will find the reading
             | fulfilling over other, more obscure, recommendations that I
             | may receive, whether they be old books or new.
        
               | stirfish wrote:
               | I've felt this before. A librarian taught me a trick:
               | chug the book. You were probably trained to really
               | analyze what you're reading, look for symbolism, etc, but
               | you can enjoy a book as almost an emotional-sensory
               | experience instead.
        
               | memonkey wrote:
               | I read both twice, once in high school and again a few
               | years after I graduated (this was over 15 years ago). I
               | loved The Great Gatsby even more (that opening first page
               | is magnificent), and couldn't help but feel like The
               | Catcher in the Rye as being so incredibly naive and
               | juvenile. The latter experience is similar to reading (or
               | watching) Fight Club and thinking Tyler Durden is a hero
               | of sorts and something to aspire to, which is not the
               | ultimate lesson.
        
           | mathgeek wrote:
           | > That's why people listen to Chappell Roan, and near-
           | instinctively belt her songs out out after a few drinks,
           | instead of Beethoven symphonies or Mozart operas, even if the
           | latter may be "superior" in nearly every measurable way.
           | 
           | As someone who grew up on Looney Tunes and the like, I
           | absolutely start humming and making up words to classical
           | music far more often than anything from this century.
        
             | dalmo3 wrote:
             | Conversely, watching looney tunes is the only way I can
             | enjoy classical music.
        
               | anotheruser13 wrote:
               | I would love to see the Chicago Symphony Orchestra play
               | the classical music in "What's Opera, Doc?" and other
               | Looney Tunes classics. Saw them do that with The
               | Godfather and a couple other full-length films which was
               | great.
        
           | 65 wrote:
           | Art has no objective measure. I cannot stand classical music
           | because it has very little rhythm and emotion compared to the
           | other, more modern music I listen to. Does that make
           | classical music worse? No.
           | 
           | Just because something may have been popular in the past and
           | is now seen as "smart" e.g. the opera, books, classical
           | music, painting, does not make it better than what's popular
           | now, e.g. television, video games, and rhythmic music.
           | 
           | If anything I'd argue art has gotten significantly better and
           | more advanced over the years. I don't play many video games
           | but the combination of visual, auditory, interactivity, and
           | storytelling still blows me away.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | Very little rhythm and emotion?
             | 
             | First emotion https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=JzFi-7H9TKs
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/rVw6NRXSDhM?si=wchNK9I3RO_XJxeG
             | 
             | Rythym: let's start with the most infamous percussion
             | sequence of all time
             | https://youtu.be/wZtWAqc3qyk?si=B47DQZ1auKx53OaD
             | 
             | Unless you're listening to extremely niche heavy metal,
             | electronica, or the kind of jazz that they don't play on
             | the radio you aren't listen to anything with the skill and
             | complexity of classical. And the people who do also show up
             | to new music.
             | 
             | I don't think there is any video game that comes close in
             | depth to the Ring Cycle.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | I thought you were going to link to the incessant ominous
               | col legno (hitting the strings with the stick of the bow)
               | at the start of Holst's Mars for rhythm, so please allow
               | me to add that one to the list.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/cXOanvv4plU?si=WrIuBfmofTo6szRa
               | 
               | And as for emotion, this version of the 1812 Overture
               | always sends chills up my spine.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/uYnCCWsfx3c?si=OQEA5_JYpWn1kHFj
        
               | lucyjojo wrote:
               | All of this is immensely subjective. The pieces presented
               | were utterly bland to me, bordering on the unlistenable.
               | This is obviously not due to a lack of quality for they
               | have plenty, but they register as little more than noise
               | to my brain; to which i prefer silence...
               | 
               | That said, I do enjoy some classical music. For instance,
               | I deeply enjoy this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1lvx
               | x9lzAg&list=RDz1lvxx9lz...
        
               | 65 wrote:
               | You didn't correctly read my comment.
               | 
               | > Art has no objective measure.
               | 
               | That would be emotion to _you_, not to me. You've also
               | missed this point:
               | 
               | > compared to the other, more modern music I listen to.
               | 
               | Additionally, complexity is not an accurate measure of
               | how "good" art is. But if you want to argue about
               | complexity - and this would mean total complexity, not
               | just sheer storytelling complexity, an easy refute to
               | your point is GTA V, which is arguably one of the most
               | complex pieces of art ever made.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I guess anything is arguable, but I think it would be
               | pretty difficult to make a very good argument that GTA V
               | is one of the most complex pieces of art ever made. I
               | mean, first we'd have to define a piece of art, then we'd
               | have to define what it "complexity" means in that
               | context...
        
               | jl6 wrote:
               | Eh, he's right though. You could get sidetracked
               | quibbling about the edges of the definitions, or you
               | could just use their centers and see that there obviously
               | are some modern works of art that are immense team
               | efforts and substantially justify the label of "one of
               | the most complex pieces of art ever".
        
               | ElFitz wrote:
               | I'd add to that that classical music was made at a time
               | recording and listening whatever you want, whenever and
               | wherever, wasn't a thing.
               | 
               | Many pieces were intended as a whole, and optimised for
               | specific settings.
               | 
               | I've long thought I wasn't an opera person. I listened to
               | pieces of some on my iPod, or on the tv in music class in
               | school. Then, years later, some friend told me he had
               | extra tickets for the opera.
               | 
               | It hit very, very differently. It is likely the
               | experiences I had gone through since school helped the
               | opera's theme and songs resonate with me. But I'm pretty
               | sure listening and witnessing it, from beginning to end,
               | in a room carefully crafted for this specific purpose and
               | left little room for distractions contributed immensely.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | Art is indeed subjective, but saying classical music has no
             | emotion is a pretty controversial opinion. I've wept from
             | plenty of classical symphonies and don't know much about
             | the genre. A lot of movies just aren't the same without
             | some Hans Zimmerman or John Williams.
        
               | pixelpoet wrote:
               | > saying classical music has no emotion is a pretty
               | controversial opinion
               | 
               | That's very clearly not what they said at all.
        
               | HeartStrings wrote:
               | Hans and Williams aren't classical music.
        
             | jmfldn wrote:
             | Depends what we mean by better. If you prefer rock music to
             | Bach then great. Enjoy! I love popular music and classical
             | for different reasons
             | 
             | But if we're talking skill, intellectual depth, craft, then
             | there are objective criteria. Take Bach, his music is like
             | a masterpiece of engineering with its unparalleled
             | compositional complexity and craftsmanship. His mastery of
             | counterpoint being but one example. His work represents a
             | pinnacle of musical architecture, establishing foundational
             | principles that profoundly influenced centuries of Western
             | music.
             | 
             | That just doesn't compare to most pop music does it?
        
               | stirfish wrote:
               | Counterpoint is cool, but a lot of the time is carries
               | the emotional weight of listening to someone solve
               | sudoku.
               | 
               | Objectively, Bach lacks the skill and emotional depth to
               | write a song about that lonely feeling you get when you
               | drink too much and get kicked out of the party (a
               | foundational principal of Country Western music)
        
           | wbl wrote:
           | Mozart can be really singable. The catalogue song, the Figaro
           | aria, etc. it's not all hell's fire burns in my heart.
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | >This is all built on an assumption that arts/media can all
           | be strictly ranked "best" to "worst."
           | 
           | Not at all. The only assumption the OP needs is that old
           | media can still appeal to modern people, at which point
           | quantity and accessibility may give it a certain advantage.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | Parent's point is not some abstract personal value problem.
           | 
           | Think about public libraries. They have limited space and
           | budget, and already abundantly hold loved classics. They'll
           | still take in some amount of new books, but when a 8 yo kid
           | goes in to decide what to read, the vast majority will be
           | older books.
        
             | Amezarak wrote:
             | I visit libraries wherever I go and that's not true
             | anymore, outside of university libraries. The average
             | municipal/county library is almost entirely books published
             | in the past 15 years. Most classics have to be procured
             | through ILL, if they're even available then.
        
               | slibhb wrote:
               | But it's true in book stores. It's not only old classics;
               | there's a lot of well-known 20th century literature,
               | often in new editions.
        
           | slibhb wrote:
           | > This is all built on an assumption that arts/media can all
           | be strictly ranked "best" to "worst."
           | 
           | No it isn't. It's just based on the objectively true
           | assumption that contemporary fiction is competing with all
           | fiction ever written.
           | 
           | It absolutely doesn't have to be the case that people buy
           | more classics because the classics are objectively better.
           | (Although that is, in fact, he case).
        
           | galaxyavenu wrote:
           | Sure you don't have an objective best to worst, but I'm sure
           | that most serious listeners will venture to music from all
           | kind of eras and cultures.
           | 
           | I find that it's much harder ( than visual art ) to say "I
           | don't like this" and more "This sounds really fun but I can't
           | budget time to listen to this kind music".
           | 
           | Or maybe this is just me.
        
           | pif wrote:
           | > Probably one of the most important metrics is "relevance
           | to, and effect on, the state of the world as it is right
           | now."
           | 
           | Actually, no! It's more of "relevance to the state of the
           | world as it was right then, and as it is right now, and that
           | teaches you that we are not living in bizarre times, but then
           | we just don't know enough about ourselves as a society and we
           | keep committing the same errors."
        
           | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
           | I have _no idea_ whatsoever what a  "Chappell Roan" even is.
           | Sorry.
           | 
           | (I do know Beethoven and Mozart though.)
        
             | seaports wrote:
             | She's a good pop musician. No need to be snarky just
             | because she might not be your thing. Comments on HM tend to
             | put down popular music / art / whatever for the sole reason
             | of having some kind of pop sensibility
        
             | graycat wrote:
             | > "Chappell Roan"
             | 
             | Just now listened to some of her music, two of her pieces
             | 
             |  _Good Luck Babe_
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RKqOmSkGgM&pp=ygUcY2hhcHBl
             | b...
             | 
             | and
             | 
             |  _Pink Pony Club_
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GR3Liudev18&pp=ygUOcGluayBw
             | b...
             | 
             | So, with the definition of _art_ as the  "communication,
             | interpretation of human experience, emotion" what I saw in
             | those two pieces was that they were intended for some teen
             | girls and young women -- single, lonely, generally afraid
             | of their circumstances, don't understand what they see of
             | reality, eager for sex but afraid of it, lost, i.e.,
             | missing any good cultural, social, or intellectual
             | foundation for understanding reality or facing life, ....
             | 
             | So in the music, the costumes and stage shows are rapidly
             | changing, outrageous, meaningless, fantasy, scary, i.e.,
             | are communication, interpretation of those women's
             | experience, emotions, rapidly changing, outrageous ....
             | 
             | In simple terms, those women have circumstances that yield
             | strong emotions that the music communicates.
             | 
             | "Communicates"? Why? As common, to the audience
             | comfortingly confirms that they are not alone and instead
             | like many others.
             | 
             | How could this be? In the past the women lived in a culture
             | based on strong social, practical, economic, religious,
             | parenting forces. Now (1) for millions of those women the
             | culture is weak or gone and (2) the Internet permits
             | getting confirming, reinforcing communication,
             | interpretation of their scary circumstances from the loss
             | of the culture.
             | 
             | In short, the music really is communication, interpretation
             | of the experience and emotions of those women.
             | 
             | To me it seems that Taylor Swift did much the same, i.e.,
             | similar audience, but Chappell Roan is stronger, louder,
             | more outrageous for an audience with stronger emotions.
             | 
             | As a young man, the teen girls I knew, right, had the
             | anxieties from their circumstances but much more
             | constrained and less scary than now.
             | 
             | The music, for me, a man: Get rid of the sets, costumes,
             | dancing, and words and take just the background music (a
             | lot of drum beating) and the singing. In places, the
             | singing is pretty good, i.e., _expressive_ , but really the
             | singing, as art, is all nearly the same, that is, the same
             | vocal content for the same communication, interpretation of
             | experience and emotion.
             | 
             | I expect that even the current devoted audience will soon,
             | a year or so, give up on the current Chappell Roan -- for a
             | cruel joke, "A one trick pony.".
             | 
             | From Vivaldi and Bach through Beethoven and Brahms ...
             | Wagner, Tchaikowsky, ..., Barber there is a lot of
             | effective communication, interpretation of a wide range of
             | experiences, emotions, that is, really good _art_.
             | 
             | For level 101, a major key is _glad_ and a minor key,
             | _sad_. Then changing keys, selected chords within keys,
             | pitch, volume, variety of sounds from the variety of
             | instruments, combinations, ..., give a lot more tools for
             | expression than used by Chappell Roan and, thus, permit a
             | lot more music, _art_.
             | 
             | Next, the tools were just means, and Bach, Wagner,
             | Tchaikowsky, ..., were really good in the _artistic
             | content_ , that is, again, communication, interpretation of
             | human experience emotion.
        
         | bloomca wrote:
         | There is also an issue that ranking is easily available now.
         | 
         | Of course, recommendations existed in the past as well, and
         | stuff like classic literature was ranked for centuries at this
         | point, but still, I think we relied on word of mouth more.
         | 
         | Nowadays you can easily get a list of "top ..." in any area and
         | chances are high that it is all old stuff.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | I kind of think a lot of these are bought as gifts, not really
         | a thing people actually intend to read.
        
           | Eisenstein wrote:
           | Or for college classes.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | It's a deep problem with music and video games. I mean, can a
         | Mario game _really_ top Super Mario World? Not to say some
         | later games aren 't fun, but _Persona 6_ could only really top
         | _Persona 5_ by being something really different, and if it was
         | different it wouldn 't be _Persona 6_.
        
           | default-kramer wrote:
           | Not so much with video games. The industry is so young that
           | most of those "classics" are actually much less fun than I
           | remember them. (Super Mario World does hold up very well
           | though.) But since you mention Persona, consider how much
           | better Persona 3 Portable is than Persona 3 FES. Game design
           | has come a long way, and I believe it still has a long way to
           | go. Not to mention the technical improvements that allow a
           | game like Uncharted to exist, which cannot be compared to any
           | 16-bit or earlier game.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | That might be true about the time period from the SNES to
             | the present but it's not clear to me that we're really
             | getting better games post the PS3.
             | 
             | I have _Persona 5 Royal_ on my mind because I am playing
             | through it now maybe a decade after I played _Persona 4
             | Golden_ on the PS Vita. I love the story, I love the art,
             | but the music isn 't up there with P4G (how can you beat
             | _Reach out_ or _Make history_?) and I think it 's a
             | disappointment as a _game_.
             | 
             | Hypothetically it matters if you develop relationships with
             | the characters and raise your social stats but practically
             | you're not required to make hard choices because you have
             | enough time to do everything -- and since the game is so
             | long you feel compelled to do it all in one playthrough
             | which stretches out the game even longer.
             | 
             | It's not so much a P5R problem as a general problem in the
             | industry. In my current playthrough status ailments, buffs,
             | debuffs and such just don't matter. That's the case for
             | most turn-based games, just as the weapons triangle ceased
             | to matter in _Fire Emblem_ games a long time ago.
             | 
             | My son and I have been thinking a lot about a "visual novel
             | + something else" game which is maybe 30 minutes - 6 hours
             | per playthrough but requires multiple playthroughs. I'd be
             | happy to have NG+, but he thinks that's cheap.
             | 
             | Dialogue has been a weak point in "interactive fiction"
             | since the beginning, maybe LLMs will change that. Fictional
             | VR games like _Sword Art Online_ and _Shangri-La Frontier_
             | have NPCs you can just talk to, I 'd love to see that in
             | real games. For now we get Meta's absurd model that you can
             | make a storefront in _Horizon Worlds_ but you need to have
             | a real person to staff it which makes sense to exactly one
             | person.
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | We aren't getting good games past 2015 or so because the
               | industry has become incredibly risk-averse and realized
               | there's more profit to be made releasing sequels and
               | remakes than producing something innovative. That being
               | said, that's not a sustainable strategy and we are seeing
               | the limits of that.
               | 
               | >It's not so much a P5R problem as a general problem in
               | the industry. In my current playthrough status ailments,
               | buffs, debuffs and such just don't matter. That's the
               | case for most turn-based games, just as the weapons
               | triangle ceased to matter in Fire Emblem games a long
               | time ago.
               | 
               | I think that's more a function of the games you are
               | playing, in Kiseki or Xenoblade or (some) Final Fantasy
               | there is alot more strategy involved than in Persona,
               | whose primairly appeal I believe is more of a social life
               | simulator than a deep rpg experience. Even with music,
               | it's just a different style where P4 is pop while P5 is
               | jazz, but other games draw from instrumentals or
               | ecelectic mixes like Ar Tonelico. To say one is
               | better/worse isn't a good term because they aren't easily
               | comparable.
               | 
               | >Fictional VR games like Sword Art Online and Shangri-La
               | Frontier have NPCs you can just talk to, I'd love to see
               | that in real games.
               | 
               | Well that's just a MMORPG or a RPG or ImSim. And the
               | MMORPG is probably closer to needing a fresh start than
               | being anywhere close to a solved genre. But as the
               | riskiest and most expensive genre, nobody is going to
               | funding something that really pushes the line due to the
               | sheer risk involved.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I got stuck 1/3 of the way through Xenoblade on my New
               | 3DS, I oughta figure out how and finish it!
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | >We aren't getting good games past 2015 or so because the
               | industry has become incredibly risk-averse
               | 
               | Slay the Spire was released in 2017. Are you accounting
               | for indie games?
        
               | akarlsten wrote:
               | They mostly seem interested in JRPG anime slop, and even
               | then Expedition 33 was released just this year and is
               | probably the best example of that genre from the last 20
               | years? That's also by a relatively small studio though..
               | 
               | I would agree that big AAA studios are basically entirely
               | creatively bankrupt at this point, but that's not
               | exclusive to games, the same trend is apparent with
               | movies (remakes of Disney movies, Star Wars sequels,
               | etc.).
               | 
               | Another end-of-ZIRP casualty?
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | There will always be exceptions to any trends, but I
               | wouldn't say the deluge of generic roguelike platformers
               | with 16 bit art has been paticularly flattering to the
               | indie industry. Have things really progressed in 2024
               | since 2012 in the same way that 2012 was abjectly
               | different from 2002? Not really, you could release Slay
               | the Spire in 2012 or 2024 and it wouldn't look out of
               | place.
        
               | decretum wrote:
               | >It's not so much a P5R problem as a general problem in
               | the industry. In my current playthrough status ailments,
               | buffs, debuffs and such just don't matter. That's the
               | case for most turn-based games, just as the weapons
               | triangle ceased to matter in Fire Emblem games a long
               | time ago.
               | 
               | You can try Etrian Odyssey series by Atlus. It's all
               | about status ailments, binds, buffs and debuffs.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I got that on my New 3DS, gotta try it some day!
        
               | default-kramer wrote:
               | To be fair, Persona 5 is my least favorite out of 3/4/5.
               | Most fans of the series agree it's embarrassingly easy.
               | Persona 3 (Portable is best, or FES if you're a
               | masochist, but not Reloaded) offers a perfect challenge
               | on the hardest difficulty, and Persona 4 was pretty well-
               | tuned also. It wouldn't surprise me if P6 was closer to
               | P4 or P3 than P5.
        
               | Yossarrian22 wrote:
               | There are mods for Skyrim that hook into LLMs for
               | dialogue and voice, some people seem to like it but from
               | the videos I've seen I'd call it more of a curiosity or
               | an experience than an engaging system.
        
             | khalilravanna wrote:
             | I have to disagree. Evidence for this being wrong is right
             | on many games websites a la Backloggd with plenty of people
             | rating older games very highly, more than many new
             | releases. More evidence: numerous games being re-released
             | with mainly surface-level changes (older Final Fantasy's,
             | arguably Oblivion Remastered).
             | 
             | While I absolutely agree _some_ games age like milk (IMO
             | Persona 3 FES /Portable mechanically play like garbage and
             | P4 ain't much better) there are many games that were either
             | the pinnacle of their of their craft in pretty fundamental
             | ways or were just doing very odd, interesting things that
             | no one tries to do anymore (outside indies). JRPGs are
             | honestly the big genre I see for aging well, but there's a
             | _bunch_ of PS1 /PS2 era games having a big second life with
             | the younger generation.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | Video games are stagnating hard. I've basically quit gaming
             | for like the past 5 years, playing maybe two graphically
             | undemanding games to completion per year, and what I'm
             | seeing is that it's the same old games that have remained
             | popular. From my perspective as someone coming back, it's
             | as if time had stood still. In fact, one of the games I
             | played was initially released 10 years ago in early access.
             | 
             | Bethesda even decided to just remake Oblivion rather than
             | show off more of TES 6.
        
         | DharmaPolice wrote:
         | I agree. I've often thought about this via a thought experiment
         | : How much money would it take for you to agree not to consume
         | any new instance of a particular media type? In other words,
         | you're offered fifty thousand dollars (or some other non-
         | trivial but not outrageous amount of money) and in agreement
         | you won't read a book released after June 2025.
         | 
         | Clearly this is going to vary from person to person but I might
         | accept $50k to not read any new fiction title, but wouldn't
         | accept the same deal for video games as it's likely new
         | technology will result in some new classics in the coming years
         | - the amount of money you'd need to offer would need to be much
         | higher. Movies are somewhere in the middle.
         | 
         | This effect is self-reinforcing since at least part of the
         | value in watching a movie / reading a book / etc is the ability
         | to discuss it with other people. Not seeing any new movies
         | would reduce my ability to participate in discussions with
         | people. As less people watch new things, this becomes less of
         | an issue.
        
         | ativzzz wrote:
         | It goes beyond this. Reading is a form of entertainment. There
         | has been an explosion of new and different forms of personal
         | entertainment, so books now have to compete not just with old
         | books, but movies, video games, social media, etc etc etc
        
         | corimaith wrote:
         | The consumption of media is exponential, if you read something
         | good and you expect more from a genre, the number of consumable
         | works quickly dwindles down to the point that you often end up
         | waiting for new works. In the same way, as people get a better
         | understanding of their own preferences, entire subgenres will
         | become less relevant.
         | 
         | That's why I find that the true enthusiasts of a hobby tend to
         | prefer works that are less well known or even not even high in
         | "quality", primairly because "quality" is no longer a suitable
         | metric for them. The kind of "hobbyists" who just stick to the
         | classics strikes me more as lifestyle hobbyists that aren't
         | neccessairly interested for intrinsic reasons.
        
         | intuitionist wrote:
         | This might prove too much, particularly for the case of
         | literature. There were people writing commercially successful
         | and culturally relevant literary fiction in 1970; back then you
         | already had Austen and Tolstoy and Dostoevsky and Cervantes,
         | plus Joyce and Woolf and Hemingway and Faulkner. I think
         | there's books published in the last 50 years that deserves a
         | place on a short list of Best Novels, but I don't think it has
         | much overlap with the best-selling literary fiction being
         | published at that time.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > Even if we assume there are good new books, they have to
         | compete with the supply of existing books, which grows without
         | bound - unlike the time and attention of consumers.
         | 
         | There is a lot of supply, but language change makes existing
         | books impossible to read over time. You're always limited to
         | whatever's been made in the last X years.
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | This reason doesn't seem to be correct. Why do we have so many
         | YouTube videos published that still garner views? Why TV shows?
         | We still make culturally relevant movies every year. Why?
         | 
         | Books don't need to compete with all previous books but just
         | have to be culturally relevant now.
        
           | HeartStrings wrote:
           | Novelty bias.
        
         | palmfacehn wrote:
         | Culture evolves. There's no accounting for taste.
         | 
         | Putting aside the issues with manipulated IMDB ratings, look at
         | the volume of Marvel movies ranked equal or better than
         | classics like "Vertigo" or "Lawrence of Arabia".
         | 
         | Film lovers (or perhaps snobs?) feel jaded about recent output.
         | Pop culture dictates that superhero movies are more accessible.
         | The coarsening of culture is a continual, evergreen
         | observation.
        
         | foxglacier wrote:
         | I've wondered about this with children's books. Classics like
         | Alice in Wonderland and The Wind in the Willows are still
         | wildly popular. I can't believe nobody has been able to write
         | anything better since those days. It must exist but I've never
         | managed to find them in the library or know how to find them
         | among the tidal wave of slop. Most of them are very similar
         | and, to me, low quality fluff with no nuanced characters, no
         | rich fantasy worlds, no serious human interactions. 80% of what
         | I can find is just stories about kids playing in their house or
         | dealing with some basic child problems like losing a toy. The
         | other 20% is adult political issues shoe-horned into children's
         | books. Why do authors crank out so much low-quality crap
         | instead of masterpieces?
        
           | randcraw wrote:
           | IMO, a large part of the appeal of classics is that you know
           | others have also read the book so there will be opportunities
           | to quote from it and share the experience, perhaps for
           | decades to come. In contrast, most recent best sellers
           | disappear off the radar so quickly that the reader knows the
           | opportunity to share them will be ephemeral. This if you
           | can't enjoy the reading experience of a recent work all by
           | yourself, without sharing it with others, then your only hope
           | to share it socially is to join a book club that reads it.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | I assure you there are more interesting books for children.
           | At least judged by the "do kids actually want to read it"
           | factor. I do not know "The Wind in the Willows", but Alice in
           | Wonderland is not all that interesting. I mean, the
           | philosophy parts were good, but the storyline something to be
           | skipped.
           | 
           | > 80% of what I can find is just stories about kids playing
           | in their house or dealing with some basic child problems like
           | losing a toy.
           | 
           | You are talking about books for very small kids here. At that
           | age, they were not understanding Alice in Wonderland. But,
           | the small ones actually liked those losing a toy books.
           | 
           | > The other 20% is adult political issues shoe-horned into
           | children's books.
           | 
           | Kids books and entertainment was always vehicle for teaching
           | kids rights and wrongs. You have that in Narnia, you have
           | that in Thomas the Tank Engine, you have that in pretty much
           | any Christian kids books. The moralizing ethical aspect is
           | especially clear when you look at older books, because
           | distance makes it all that more apparent.
           | 
           | Even Alice in Wonderland is meant to teach you philosophy
           | first rather then be just a story.
        
         | reedlaw wrote:
         | The authors of those works (Pride and Prejudice, War and Peace,
         | and The Brothers Karamazov) were greatly influenced by Greek
         | classics, Milton, Shakespeare, or their contemporaries (such as
         | Charles Dickens) who were also shaped by some of those same
         | sources.
         | 
         | > At this moment, there are not even any famous literary
         | fiction writers (much less geniuses) in the United States of
         | America under the age of 65.
         | 
         | > Literary fiction peaked on the charts in the 1950s and 1960s
         | and was quite present before then. There was a sustained
         | decline from the 1970s onward.
         | 
         | Authors under the age of 65 grew up in an impoverished literary
         | environment. How could we expect them to compete with those
         | whose imaginations were formed when culture was more uniformly
         | attuned to what has been considered great throughout the
         | centuries? What books did Austen, Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky grow
         | up with, or learn in school, that are no longer widely regarded
         | or read?
        
           | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
           | > Authors under the age of 65 grew up in an impoverished
           | literary environment. How could we expect them to compete
           | with those whose imaginations were formed when culture was
           | more uniformly attuned to what has been considered great
           | throughout the centuries? What books did Austen, Tolstoy and
           | Dostoyevsky grow up with, or learn in school, that are no
           | longer widely regarded or read?
           | 
           | You are operating under the asumption that the issue is
           | authors. I think the issue is the readership. Great books are
           | still being written. They are just not widely read anymore.
           | 
           | The problem is that it's easier to mindlessly scroll through
           | Instagram or watch meaningless YouTube videos than take the
           | time to read a book. There are large teams dedicated to
           | ensuring this stays so and that these products are as
           | addictive as they can be.
           | 
           | We, as a society, have apparently decided that it's
           | acceptable to turn a large part of the population into idiots
           | to sell more detergents. It's sad but at least we are
           | selfdestructing through global warming so the problem will
           | have an end.
        
           | Yossarrian22 wrote:
           | I had to look it up but mark Z Danielewski (author of House
           | of Leaves) is 59 years old, doesn't push back the age very
           | far though. For a 55-year-old they'd be 10 in 1985, I imagine
           | they'd be more influenced by Star Wars, Brazil, and The
           | Breakfast Club, than Her or We and go on to write Severance,
           | Fleabag, or Atlanta than Heart of Darkness or 1984.
        
         | crossroadsguy wrote:
         | At this point I honestly feel the same about those books as I
         | did later in life when I did that IMDb top 250 in college. I
         | wish I would have read "different" books when growing up. But I
         | guess that's how you go to somewhere -- gradually. It's a bit
         | like how I read a lot and if it were not for those not so-
         | literary pulp fiction books and cheap action comics, I would
         | have never picked up reading.
         | 
         | A lot has to do with language in those books. They read as kind
         | of "foundational" and well structured (and I am speaking
         | exclusively about English and Hindi classics, two languages I
         | can read and write in). This gradually takes you on a journey
         | of not only enjoying the language but also learning it. From
         | there, different people branch off in various literary
         | directions, and majority just drops off from the literary
         | journey altogether.
        
         | sotix wrote:
         | This exactly why I push back to people such as Sam Altman
         | making the claim that AI will allow us to create more art,
         | which people want. Do people truly want or need that?
        
           | dsr_ wrote:
           | Turns out that most people enjoy the process of creating art
           | themselves, with any tools that are available. It's a nearly
           | universal method of human expression.
           | 
           | This is completely orthogonal to whether anyone else likes
           | that art or finds it valuable.
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | You point out the exact reason why I am so blase about the
         | potential for AI art and (back in the Bush years) rampant
         | piracy to destroy creative fields. Who cares? We already have
         | multiple lifetimes of quality work to enjoy.
        
         | joshvm wrote:
         | Music is a lot easier than visual media or books though. You
         | can listen to new songs daily and have a good knowledge of the
         | last century's music. It's also easy to listen and concentrate
         | while doing something else, like walking or driving. You don't
         | need light either.
         | 
         | Films are a 1-2 hour commitment. A TV series could be anywhere
         | from 10-100 hours. A novella might be a couple of hours, but
         | most people would take at least a day to read a novel. And
         | these need close to 100% attention. Reading all the Hugo
         | winners at a book a week would take 1.5 years, and you've not
         | touched the nominees or books in series.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | My car magazines have all disappeared other than Hot Rod
       | Magazine.
        
         | 7thaccount wrote:
         | To be fair, those were fun, but extremely information sparse.
         | You'd have a main story or two, some mail inbox stuff, a
         | listing of a selection of cars you probably could never afford,
         | and 35 pages of advertisements.
         | 
         | The car magazine has been replaced by forums and other online
         | tools that are likely free and vastly superior. I do miss
         | physical magazines though.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | I knew where to get the upgraded speed parts I wanted from
           | the advertisements. The advertisements were the main
           | attraction.
           | 
           | Some magazines in the olden days were literally nothing but
           | ads - like Computer Shopper.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | I can still sort of remember that in the 90s, but was
             | mainly reading magazines in the late 90s and early 2000s,
             | so I probably missed out on some of that. I did go back and
             | read a lot of old magazines on microfiche at the library a
             | few years ago (I think Byte magazine) and yeah...a lot of
             | ads, but I guess they would have been super useful pre-
             | internet. Did you use the BBS as well? I was too young when
             | that was common.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I ran a BBS for a while. Still have it on a hard disk,
               | but no way to read it.
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | I'll add it to the Dlang roadmap;)
        
             | strken wrote:
             | I used to wait for dad to come home each Thursday because
             | that was the edition of the paper with quarter-page ads
             | that were just price lists of refurbished computer
             | equipment. I'd sit there with a highlighter and go through
             | them, trying to figure out a way to afford my own Pentium 3
             | on $10/week of pocket money, or get my Pentium 1 to run a
             | little faster.
             | 
             | It was also the edition of the paper with a new TV guide,
             | which I'm sure made my habit very annoying when the rest of
             | the family wanted to see what was on.
        
         | jerhewet wrote:
         | Wood-working magazines. I subscribed _because_ of the
         | advertising.
         | 
         | I can't afford Fesstools, but that doesn't mean I don't love
         | seeing / reading their ads.
         | 
         | I dropped my very long time subscription to Maximum Computing
         | when they went digital. The end of an era...
        
         | anotheruser13 wrote:
         | It's not hard copy, but you might like The Autopian (ex-
         | Jalopniks David Tracy and Jason Torchinsky are among the
         | editors/writers/founders).
        
       | mcnamaratw wrote:
       | That's the old standby argument, and it may be right. I can't
       | really read John Barth or George Saunders the way I can read
       | Richard Russo or Lionel Shriver or Kurt Vonnegut or Michael
       | Chabon or Barbara Kingsolver. For me the experimental writers are
       | very unpleasant to actually read. David Foster Wallace is just
       | inside that frontier for me, and I can enjoy IJ. Bernard Malamud
       | was pretty dark but I could hang in. But Paul Auster ... I love
       | what nonfiction writing I've seen, but the New York trilogy is so
       | dark and Spartan it makes Joy Division look like disco.
       | 
       | Nitpick: I finally gave up on Pynchon, but is he really
       | postmodern??
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | The unpleasantness is definitely a problem. It's like the cool
         | writers want to prove they are making something challenging by
         | stripping away all of the sugarcoating that we normally love in
         | narrative (and food!). I realize that the kind of pat endings
         | that are so common in broadly popular narratives are a bit dull
         | and predictable, but they're better than watching the
         | protagonist go through the realities of life. We all have to
         | suffer the worst parts of life each day. No need to do it at
         | night too.
        
         | voidhorse wrote:
         | Right. It's just like music. Some people can appreciate noise
         | music, some people view it as just that: abrasive noise. It's a
         | matter of taste. For some, the unpleasantness is of aesthetic
         | interest and they have an aesthetic appreciation for it.
        
           | mcnamaratw wrote:
           | Great example. It is absolutely a matter of taste. Sadly
           | noise music doesn't support a lot of full-time jobs compared
           | to writing songs more or less the way the Beatles did. Which
           | was all new and stuff, but not completely foreign to what
           | Stephen Foster did.
           | 
           | We can try to reinvent writing, or we can focus on writing.
           | But one may come at the expense of the other.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | The time frame for Pynchon fits and, of course, so does the
         | style. He's postmodern.
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | I'm in a sci-fi book club with friends and we decided to read
         | one modern literary fiction book and while I am enjoying it,
         | the prose is beautiful and the deep dive into the characters is
         | interesting, it's literally exhausting to read.
        
       | kayodelycaon wrote:
       | My own issue with modern literary fiction is the pretension. It's
       | been shoved in my face from middle school through college.
       | Everyone writing "genre fiction" is not a Real Author.
       | 
       | Writing to be like one of the great writers of the past is
       | completely missing the point. It's one thing to follow a
       | tradition. It's another to think that tradition makes you great.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | This is my issue with it too. If you're a good student, then
         | you're done with any book that even hints at its own self-
         | importance by the time you graduate high school.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Science fiction, and related or subgenres like sci-fantasy and
       | sci-horror is just much better these days than literary fiction.
       | The literary snobs won't admit that One Hundred Years of Solitude
       | (which I read years ago and liked) could have been a scifi novel
       | placed not in historical south/central america but instead on a
       | set of planets orbiting a star 100 light years from here. If it
       | had, they wouldn't consider it 'real literature'.
       | 
       | Science fiction is more fun to read, and often more creative -
       | authors aren't limited to the sociopolitical realities of 18th
       | century South America, they can invent whatever systems they
       | like, and then the question is whether their world-building
       | skills are good enough to avoid obvious inconsistencies.
       | 
       | Yes, people are still reading - but they're reading Adrian
       | Tchaikovsky, Iain M. Banks, William Gibson, Susanna Clarke and
       | host of others who aren't limited to scenes of 'historical
       | realism' (which to be honest are often distorted pictures of
       | history that were socially acceptable to the publishing houses of
       | their day).
       | 
       | You can still read the classics - Conrad is my favorite late
       | 19th/early 20tth century author - but Lovecraft is just as worth
       | reading.
        
         | gherkinnn wrote:
         | Turning a personal preference (I like sci-fi) in to a universal
         | statement (sci-fi is more fun to read) is so unbecoming.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | And yet we somehow excuse it when the fans of literary
           | fiction do it.
        
         | com2kid wrote:
         | 99% of science fiction settings are historical fiction but now
         | In Space(tm).
         | 
         | I'm not saying that is a bad thing, and some fiction explores
         | forms of government that haven't been tried on earth, and also
         | explores systems of government and commerce that may need to
         | happen on a post scarcity society. That is all good, and
         | arguably those explorations need to happen, but still most sci-
         | fi is just some portion of earth society thrown into space.
         | (Banks explores alternatives, but arguably most Gibson doesn't,
         | though I haven't read anything by him in a decade or more so
         | they may have changed).
         | 
         | This is frequently useful as it allows us to examine our
         | existing biased from an outside view. I am definitely less
         | racist/bigoted for having read science fiction.
         | 
         | As a final point, it has been noted that a lot of sci-fi has an
         | undertone of "wow isn't this benevolent monarchy great!" Which
         | is rather disturbing if you think about the implications too
         | much.
        
           | schwartzworld wrote:
           | 99% is far overstating it. SF is a wide genre with pretty
           | much every other genre inside it. At this point it's
           | infiltrated popular culture; just think how many movies and
           | shows are not billed as SF but contain SF ideas or settings.
        
             | jay_kyburz wrote:
             | I hate when my Science Fiction doesn't have any Science.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | Eh, popular sci-fi is zero sci.
               | 
               | Star Trek makes 0 effort to explore the impacts of its
               | technology on people. Some good books have been writing
               | exploring what post scarcity means, but ST in general
               | does nothing with the premise except make tea.
               | 
               | The novels that do explore a world like what ST posits
               | end up going off the rails very quickly. Fun reads,
               | people who live for eternity spend time terra forming
               | planets (why not) cloning themselves into endless bodies
               | and exploring the universe, or just becoming something
               | not human at all.
               | 
               | ST still has people dying, never mind that immortality
               | would be trivial to accomplish with that science level.
               | But that isn't the point of Star Trek.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | > Some good books have been writing exploring what post
               | scarcity means, but ST in general does nothing with the
               | premise except make tea.
               | 
               | The economics of Star Trek are particularly incoherent;
               | it's not even really clear that it _is_ post-scarcity.
               | Really you only have Picard's word for that, and there's
               | a lot of indication to the contrary.
               | 
               | Pet theory: the Star Trek tv shows are in-universe
               | propaganda made by the Federation, which is a military
               | dictatorship. They should be taken about as seriously as
               | Stalin-era Soviet propaganda, on economic matters.
        
             | com2kid wrote:
             | I'm of the belief that the TV and movie sci-fi are a
             | completely different genre than book sci-fi. There are
             | occasional faithful adaptations, but none of the far out
             | stuff ever gets adapted.
             | 
             | But even discarding cinema (Star Wars famously being a
             | samurai movie set in space), most sci-fi books written
             | after the golden age, are focused on societal changes and
             | people. Stories are metaphors for our world.
             | 
             | That is fine, fiction that cannot be related to rarely gets
             | read.
             | 
             | Bobiverse is a nerd's power trip fantasy. 90% of what
             | Heinlein wrote is just "external observations on sociey".
             | 
             | Even Greg Egan, who writes super hard sci-fi (his books
             | have footnotes linked to actual science papers!) has his
             | novels largely focus around societies and people (or aliens
             | that are easily related to!)
             | 
             | It has honestly been 80 or so years since science fiction
             | was mostly "here are a few poorly fleshed out people, and
             | some really damn good science!"
             | 
             | I've read a lot of those stories, they are cool and I kind
             | of miss them, but honestly almost every major plot point
             | possible was already thought up by the boards of scientists
             | turned sci-fi authors of the 1930s through 50s. An
             | occasional new story of that type makes its way out now and
             | then (some of the SCP stories are actually this in a very
             | pure form), but IMHO that genre of pure science writing
             | with minimal focus on people or society is 99.9% dead.
        
               | stevenwoo wrote:
               | The homage and direct copy of shots of Kurosawa's The
               | Hidden Fortress nothwithstanding, George Lucas is on
               | record saying the Alliance represents the Vietnamese, and
               | The Empire is the United States of America and the films
               | are partly commentary on the civil war in Vietnam.
        
               | schwartzworld wrote:
               | Sure, aliens are well represented, but that's a long way
               | from "it's all historical fiction in space"
        
               | rakejake wrote:
               | Greg Egan's work has its share of humans but also some
               | extremely imaginative aliens. I am not sure who can
               | relate to the aliens in Wang's Carpets.
               | 
               | Greg Egan is a very good example of a novelist who is a
               | GOAT but will be dismissed by most critics of lit-fic
               | because "his characters don't have arcs" or some such.
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | I think there is a LOT of sci-fi that doesn't try to
           | sugarcoat monarchy. I'm looking at my book shelf and don't
           | even see any that do.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | Yeah, I was trying to think of a "monarchy is good
             | actually" scifi novel, and can't, offhand (it's somewhat
             | common with sci-fi TV shows/movies, however).
             | 
             | Maybe the Dune sequels, if you're willing to really,
             | _really_ stretch the definition of 'good'.
        
         | exmadscientist wrote:
         | Part of it, I think, is that genre fiction simply has more
         | tools available. That lets an author do their thing a lot
         | easier, and in the hands of a master, is how you get
         | masterworks. (I decided to check _The Left Hand of Darkness_
         | off my list last week. Its introduction hits intellectually
         | heavier than the last three books I 've read put together. The
         | _introduction_. And it 's about five pages long.)
         | 
         | Of course, 90% of genre fiction is crap. (Bare minimum, I'll
         | not argue with anyone who wants to argue for more.) But we know
         | that. There's enough of it that I can find something
         | interesting to read. I can't say the same for the last 20 years
         | of literary, non-genre works. (I'll take pointers, though.)
        
           | amacbride wrote:
           | A well-known observation!
           | 
           | "Sturgeon's law (or Sturgeon's revelation) is an adage
           | stating 'ninety percent of everything is crap'."
        
           | libraryofbabel wrote:
           | Oh boy, _Left Hand of Darkness_ is a good book. And I always
           | tell people to not skip the introduction, because it is
           | brilliant. "Prediction is the business of prophets,
           | clairvoyants, and futurologists. It is not the business of
           | novelists. A novelist 's business is lying."
           | 
           | I get the feeling Ursula Le Guin could have been a pretty
           | successful realist "literary" writer if she'd chosen to. I am
           | grateful that she chose genre instead.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | I love that first chapter where the main character meets a
             | politician and says something like "I'd seen his type
             | before, was confident I'd see it again, and would probably
             | see it in hell". I must have reread that line 10x.
        
         | nottorp wrote:
         | One Hundred Years of Solitude is "magical realism" :)
         | 
         | No, you can't say it has fantasy elements. Then it wouldn't be
         | culture.
         | 
         | Marquez is great btw. Blame the critics.
        
           | hotmeals wrote:
           | Eh, I think there's a difference that make both terms useful.
           | Fiction set strictly in the real world with mysterious yet
           | mundane magical/supernatural elements, versus fiction in a
           | fantastical world or a "real world" where the existence of
           | magic(tm) must be extensively explained.
           | 
           | I think the whole "all fantasy/sci-fi is slop" wasn't that
           | big of a thing in LATAM, so the term isn't some euphemism for
           | making it palatable to elitists.
           | 
           | I also disagree with GP, a lot of what makes One Hundred
           | Years of Solitude good comes from the Colombian setting and
           | it's cultural context. True, it _wouldn 't be impossible_ to
           | translate that to a alien planet, Mars isn't fully Mars The
           | Martian Chronicles after all.
        
             | nottorp wrote:
             | > versus fiction in a fantastical world or a "real world"
             | where the existence of magic(tm) must be extensively
             | explained.
             | 
             | Well now if we're drifting, I don't consider "fantasy" has
             | to explain everything like it were an AD&D manual.
             | 
             | Take Glen Cook's Black Company series where magic just
             | happens without explanation. Compare with something like
             | Brandon Sanderson who describes "magic systems" in great
             | detail always. I find the former enticing and the latter
             | boring.
             | 
             | Lord of the Rings didn't explain anything either.
        
               | hotmeals wrote:
               | Sorry, I meant that fantasy usually is in a unrelated-to-
               | our-own fantastical world or it's in the real world (e.g
               | urban fantasy), but the fact that magic exists and the
               | reader "didn't know" about it must be explained (e.g
               | Harry Potter, Dresden Files).
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | What's the alternative to not explaining here? Is it
               | making the magic subtle/weak/uncommon enough that the
               | answer is "you didn't notice, and this is plausible to
               | claim"? If the magic is blatant enough and there's no
               | explanation, the story becomes even less attached to
               | reality than "there's a lot of magic but it's
               | deliberately kept hidden".
        
               | easterncalculus wrote:
               | > Lord of the Rings didn't explain anything either.
               | 
               | Yeah, and LOTR is in Middle-Earth, a fantastical world
               | that isn't Earth. The point of the term "magical realism"
               | is that there is still "realism". It's about what happens
               | when something impossible or absurd happens to you and
               | you have to deal with the ramifications in the real
               | world. No one would read The Satanic Verses, think about
               | the themes involved and compare it to LOTR.
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | I really like magical realism, but mostly ones where
           | everything isn't so depressing like the Night Circus and the
           | Starless Sea books.
           | 
           | One Hundred Years of Solitude is just too depressing. The
           | closest I got was playing through Kentucky Route Zero, which
           | is kind of like a theatrical play in video game form with
           | lots of references to Marquez. A phenomenal game.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | *I meant to say that Night Circus and Starless Sea are good
             | examples of books that are not depressing.
        
         | vintermann wrote:
         | Yeah, I can't for the life of me see why Regency/Victorian
         | fiction or US civil war fiction wouldn't be "genre".
        
         | troupo wrote:
         | > authors aren't limited to the sociopolitical realities of
         | 18th century South America, they can invent whatever systems
         | they like, and then the question is whether their world-
         | building skills are good enough to avoid obvious
         | inconsistencies.
         | 
         | To do that authors need to very well versed in the
         | sociopolitical realities of 18th century South America, and
         | ancient China, and moden Europe, and... Most modern authors
         | couldn't be bothered to do even basic research. Or can't afford
         | to, because the pay is shit, and the deadlines are tight, and
         | you have to produce a trilogy a year just to survive.
         | 
         | I've read _a lot_ of scifi over the past few years. Most books
         | are bad rehashes of existing ideas written in an extremely poor
         | language (nouns and verbs with complete lack of adjectives and
         | adverbs, poor and nonexistent metaphors, middle-school-level
         | sentence structure etc.)
         | 
         | Fantasy books fare much better because they can easily borrow
         | and steal "sociopolitical realities" and transfer them to pages
         | wholesale.
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | What sci-fi books are you reading with a "complete lack of
           | adjectives, non-existent metaphors, and middle-school
           | sentence structure"?
        
             | troupo wrote:
             | _Humanity 's Fire_ by Michael Cobley
             | 
             |  _Lightspeed Trilogy_ by Ken MacLeod
             | 
             |  _Revenger_ by Alastair Reynolds (the first book started
             | off quite well, but the other two became a boring slog)
             | 
             |  _Rise of the Jain_ by Neal Asher. This one is just so
             | egregiously bad, I don 't know how I managed to finish. If
             | I ever have to read another "erstwhile ship" I'll barf.
             | 
             | etc. etc.
             | 
             | Since I'm reading a lot of sci fi, I've ran out of top 1%
             | or so of books an authors pretty quickly. Now I feel like
             | I'm running out of middle-of-the-road authors, too.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | Edit. I'll add that most sci fi is incapable of even
             | writing characters that have more distinction than "she's a
             | woman, he's a man". They all talk and behave the same.
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | I liked reading "this is how you lose the time war"
               | recently if you want something that is essentially sci-fi
               | themed poetry. If you haven't already read it, maybe
               | that'll be a fun break.
        
             | easterncalculus wrote:
             | It's easier to name the ones that don't.
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | There are thousands upon thousands of science fiction
               | novels. I can't imagine they're all like that.
        
         | easterncalculus wrote:
         | It's comments like this that remind me I'm on HN. Let's be
         | honest for a minute - take a sci-fi book of the shelf, any of
         | them, current (Weir, Pierce Brown, etc) or classic (Asimov,
         | PKD, etc). Almost always, you will find paper-thin characters
         | and themes, written with the crutch of 'worldbuilding'. Here's
         | the lineup - a downtrodden nerd, usually the protagonist, some
         | stereotypical caricature of a woman, like a nagging wife, or
         | ditz, or hag. A few archetypes for a boss, and some equally
         | stereotypical villain. You won't find a Karamazov in sci-fi.
         | 
         | This is the problem with sci-fi in a nutshell, the characters
         | fall flat in even the most seminal works. They are nor
         | memorable at all and somewhere between uninspired and just
         | downright bad. It's the status quo.
         | 
         | Sci-fi and fantasy fans talk about worldbuilding like it is
         | some esoteric art. In the end worldbuilding is literally just
         | plot, and it's well understood that plot is not the most
         | important part of literature, not compared to deeper themes and
         | characters. Is that because of "literary snobs"? No, it's
         | because when you come back to a book in 20, 50, or 200 years
         | you don't remember whether the protagonist's third neural
         | implant was made of vibranium or aluminum, you remember how
         | that book tackled incredible subject matter with layered
         | characters, and pushed the limits of language in a way only
         | possible in prose. When's the last time you heard of a sci-fi
         | author that wrote like Woolf, or Joyce? Never.
         | 
         | Even in more literary sci-fi, for example Dune, the appeal is
         | because it's basically just a medieval story transplanted into
         | space. The focus is on politics and the human experience, not
         | "what if storms lasted longer".
         | 
         | It's so obvious that sci-fi stories are generally better suited
         | to the medium of film, they can capture the unreality in a more
         | believable way, visually, and take less advantage of the
         | ambiguity of text. It's not like sci-fi novels are pushing
         | boundaries in prose anyways. It's much more pretentious to say
         | they are by calling them equally "literary" than to just accept
         | that novels which exemplify the medium are instead.
        
           | Karrot_Kream wrote:
           | Great comment. Even lots of sci-fi shows and movies suffers
           | from the "talking heads" trope you describe, where a paper
           | thin character mouths dialogue that makes no character sense
           | in order to push the plot forward or to dump a ton of lore
           | onto the watcher/reader to introduce the world.
           | 
           | The first few Asimov Foundation novels were notorious for
           | talking heads.
        
         | a_bonobo wrote:
         | A related (counter?) point - OP's article talks about the
         | demise of literary magazines.
         | 
         | I feel like SF magazines have the same problem? Ut looks like
         | all the SF magazines are on the downward slope, to quote
         | Wikipedia:
         | 
         | >[Asimov's] Circulation declined steadily over the life of the
         | magazine and as of 2020 it was below 20,000, more than half of
         | that coming from online subscriptions.
         | 
         | If people would still read SF, why do these magazines fail just
         | like the literary magazines?
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | I think the magazine thing is just _wrong_, tbh;
           | serialisation in magazines, as means of distributing novels,
           | is dead. As you say, sci-fi, which used to be particularly
           | heavily dependent on serialisation, has survived this.
           | Litfic's problems lie elsewhere.
        
             | a_bonobo wrote:
             | I think I agree with you: in the age of the internet, where
             | you can 'sample' SF fiction on every corner, you may not
             | need a middle-man (the SF magazine) going around collating
             | those samples for you. You can find them on your own now!
             | for free!
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | Even before the internet, the magazine serial was dying,
               | tho; its heyday was probably the 60s or so.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | Honestly I think that some sci-fi has been somewhat accepted at
         | this point; people write serious analyses of sci-fi these days,
         | and you no longer really see sci-fi pretending not to be sci-fi
         | (notably, Atwood did this with Handmaid's Tale, and _at the
         | time_ you can see where she was coming from, because
         | contemporary sci-fi was mostly pretty narrowly trope-bound...)
        
       | ang_cire wrote:
       | This is a really good analysis article. Thank you for posting it.
       | I think the critic vs consumer decoupling rings true to me, and
       | this is obviously the worst economy to exist in as a "struggling"
       | anything.
       | 
       | There are a lot of industries that are struggling right now to
       | figure out how to re-monetize independent from large corporations
       | (like magazines/ publishers/ movies/ etc) because those
       | corporations are cutting out anyone not already hugely
       | profitable.
       | 
       | I feel like whatever solution we eventually land on to
       | 'democratize' media funding will also be a good solution to our
       | FOSS funding problem.
        
       | amanaplanacanal wrote:
       | I'll toss two theories into the pool:
       | 
       | The rising tide of anti-intellectualism.
       | 
       | The decline of humanities education in favor of stem education.
       | This has both economic drivers and national security drivers.
        
         | voidhorse wrote:
         | I think these are factors to the extent that one sort of
         | _needs_ formal training and schooling in the historical
         | development of the form to appreciate experimental and more
         | contemporary work. The same can generally be said about visual
         | art.
         | 
         | Because of that, yeah, hyper-specialization in schooling and a
         | general movement toward stem means that a lot of people don't
         | actually acquire the requisite background to engage with and
         | appreciate modern work in a sufficient way--just like someone
         | untrained in computing probably would not have an easy time
         | understanding or appreciating significant breakthroughs in
         | computer science.
        
         | whstl wrote:
         | This remind me of something. In music criticism there are two
         | terms, Rockism and Popism.
         | 
         | I feel like the intial drive against "Rockism" was to embrace
         | different subcultures, like punk and post-punk, but later the
         | result was "Popism", which became its own kind of orthodoxy,
         | pushing critics into treating label-engineered chart pop as
         | deep just because it's popular or polished.
         | 
         | Back when I was a journalism student wanting to work in music
         | in the early 2000s I used to frequent early internet hangouts
         | for critics and it was interesting to see the change happening
         | progressively, with critics increasively and progressively
         | adopting a certain air of superiority over anyone who couldn't
         | conflate popularity with genius.
         | 
         | For me the big chasm was over brazilian funk music. Sure I
         | could see it a few times as somewhat interesting, and I could
         | understand the appeal as dance music, but the old guard was
         | trying to use old arguments to push it as "descendants of
         | Kraftwerk" while the new guard was using socio-anthropological
         | arguments to defend it. The music rarely stood for itself, and
         | when it did was often on the back of previous music. I'm not
         | saying it's automatically "bad" but its positive qualities were
         | blown out of proportion by critics for me that it become
         | grating.
         | 
         | Today the internet made it all even worse, lots of "pop culture
         | centric" communities are 5% about music and 95% about the
         | personal life of artists, the TMZ-level gossip, the memes, the
         | constant fighting virtual wars with other pop-music fandoms,
         | the metacircular discussion around the fandom itself...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism
        
         | strken wrote:
         | Maybe anti-intellectualism, novels that nobody wants to read,
         | and a move to STEM might be three symptoms of the same root
         | cause: the cutting edge of the humanities moving so far away
         | from popular taste that academics are no longer legible to
         | ordinary people.
        
       | voidhorse wrote:
       | This was a great read!
       | 
       | I think the analysis of the declining pipeline is spot on. Up
       | until around 2016 or so, I was on track to try my hand at the
       | world of literary fiction--I had participated in several circles
       | in college, sat on the review board of a lit mag, joined a group
       | of writers post graduation, all just to eventually...set it
       | aside.
       | 
       | I always had a "day job" during this time, but other than that I
       | was single and had few responsibilities. This made holding a
       | typical nine to five and actually getting some writing done
       | somewhat tenable.
       | 
       | As my sphere of responsibility expanded (relationships, etc) this
       | quickly became untenable. There's only so much time in a day,
       | unfortunately, and as we continue along a career path, we're
       | incentivized to invest ever increasing amounts of time into that,
       | rather than a far-from-lucrative gamble on literary pursuits.
       | 
       | When you're able to actually make money on your literary work, it
       | establishes a virtuous circle. Writing more makes you a better
       | writer and writing more gets you paid (allowing you to support
       | those other aspects of your life). Contrast this with the modern
       | experience of desperately trying to carve out whatever time you
       | can to make at least a brief writing session happen, amidst being
       | exhausted already by the other demands on your time (your non-
       | writing job being a big one).
       | 
       | From the critical side, I think the situation is pretty much
       | analogous to that of contemporary art. The common person would
       | meet most experimental literary works with a quizzical look, just
       | as they meet most contemporary and conceptual art with the a
       | quizzical look. Artists, however, have had better success with
       | this because their objects are not generally mass produced. This
       | has allowed the critical narrowing and distance from the common
       | taste to be buoyed up economically by natural scarcity and the
       | concomitant transformation of the object into a value-holding
       | asset. That can never happen with literature, which is
       | definitionally reproduced at scale.
        
       | tolerance wrote:
       | > What made the fiction literary was it spoke the language of
       | memory, where the reader inhabited the experience of the
       | characters, and this changed how readers experienced the world
       | after. > > -- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36882341
       | 
       | People don't turn to books for this sort of experience anymore.
       | People are not "literary minded". For the average person,
       | interpolating another person's experience against their own
       | through the written word is counterintuitive if not impossible
       | and detached.
       | 
       | It takes a literary mind to _feel_ through text. Electronic media
       | of all sorts, aside from long form text displayed electronically
       | is just that; electrifying.
       | 
       | I think that the quote I pulled from motohagiography applies to
       | all writing and when we go further:
       | 
       | > Writing on the internet is participatory, impersonal,
       | performative, and anti-intimate.
       | 
       | The cultural decline of all writing becomes more obvious.
       | 
       | Anyone who cares about this sort of stuff needs to understand
       | that their brain is rewired but their spirit still craves the
       | same old stuff that it sought out for when the mind could stomach
       | total absorption in a dry block of pulp.
        
         | citizenpaul wrote:
         | > it spoke the language of memory,
         | 
         | We are living in the tower of Babel. No one speaks the same
         | "language" anymore. I truly believe this was the true metaphor
         | behind that story. Once a civilization reaches a certain level
         | of standard wealth people hyper converge on their personal
         | beliefs to the point where they can literally no longer speak
         | about other forms of personal belief or preference that
         | conflicts with their own. And they no longer are coerced into
         | going along with another belief system (compromise) due to
         | economic need from the majority. At that point the civilization
         | unravels due to lack of coherent direction.
         | 
         | Look at all the arguments about definitions of clearly defined
         | words in modern politics.
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | Even so, mass media today is better posed to present a shared
           | language.
           | 
           | I'd go as far as to think that there is a shared language in
           | society today, but it's more like athletes jawing off amongst
           | each other than something like what we expect the effects of
           | culture and art to be.
        
             | citizenpaul wrote:
             | Tech doesn't change human nature. We are still the same as
             | 100,000 years ago without tech.
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | In my original comment, I said that I believe that our
               | brains are rewired but our spirits still crave the same
               | things as before.
               | 
               | Tech changes the actions and reasonings behind how our
               | nature is exercised, at the material level.
               | 
               | Now, if you don't believe in the material/immaterial
               | dichotomy that typifies man then what I'm saying may not
               | register.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if this applies to you, but either way I'm
               | curious what made you make the claim that took us in this
               | direction because it's apparent that you've noticed a
               | logical step that I was only aware of subconsciously.
               | 
               | Thanks.
        
               | chairmansteve wrote:
               | Tech changes human culture. The changes are at a
               | population, statistical level.
               | 
               | Asimovs Foundation book described it well.
        
               | hoseja wrote:
               | Except for the thousands of years of civilizational-
               | directed breeding in parts of the globe.
        
             | ljsprague wrote:
             | You can share a language and still talk past each other.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | > And they no longer are coerced into going along with
           | another belief system (compromise) due to economic need from
           | the majority. At that point the civilization unravels due to
           | lack of coherent direction.
           | 
           | I mean... you think this is _new_? See
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_wars_of_religion
           | 
           | Civilisation, you will not, survived a few hundred years of
           | _that_.
           | 
           | I'm not sure that the sort of ultra-conformist society that
           | you seem to be thinking of ever really existed.
        
         | mcnamaratw wrote:
         | Then why is Kurt Vonnegut still so popular?
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | He isn't, and I won't be convinced that he is until Supreme
           | puts his face on one of their shirts.
        
           | LeonB wrote:
           | He's not that popular, but Billy Pilgrim keeps wandering back
           | and forth in time, buying up all the Vonnegut books, juicing
           | the figures.
           | 
           | What Billy really wants is a good Kilgore Trout book, but the
           | supply of those seems to be dead. So it goes.
        
         | voidhorse wrote:
         | I vaguely recall some sociology and media theory strands that
         | make arguments similar to the quoted post--that we are entering
         | or have already entered an era of post-literacy. Our new
         | language is a language of images, (tiktok, instagram),
         | immediacy, and literalness (does anyone even understand
         | allegory anymore? Does the average piece of media ever express
         | a metaphor?). I don't have numbers on it, but my teacher
         | friends tell me that the typical student's reading
         | comprehension skills have tanked in the past few years.
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | Check these out:
           | 
           | https://patch.com/connecticut/across-ct/hartford-grad-
           | sues-s...
           | 
           | https://kittenbeloved.substack.com/p/mass-literacy-isnt
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | It's not just reading comprehension, it's the imagination
           | that goes with it.
           | 
           | Text is active. It triggers the imagination. Visual imagery -
           | especially electronic imagery - is consumed passively. What
           | you see is what you get.
           | 
           | Especially with Gen Z, there's been a catastrophic collapse
           | in the public's ability to imagine anything that hasn't been
           | pre-digested by Hollywood movies, video games, D&D, and
           | anime.
           | 
           | It's the same stock imagery over and over and over.
           | 
           | Older culture is "boring" because it doesn't follow the
           | standard tropes, and that makes it incomprehensible.
           | 
           | It's a bizarre kind of deja nostalgia - the only futures that
           | can be imagined are the ones that have been imagined already.
        
             | perching_aix wrote:
             | > Older culture is "boring" because it doesn't follow the
             | standard tropes, and that makes it incomprehensible.
             | 
             | The older culture, where the tropes stem from, doesn't
             | follow the tropes? What?
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | I don't think that's what he means.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | Older works often conform _less_ closely to the tropes,
               | because the tropes weren 't established at that point.
               | When a medium or genre is new it often goes through a
               | Cambrian explosion phase where there are all kinds of
               | wildly varied pieces, and then things settle down and
               | coalesce on the specific approaches that have proven
               | successful.
        
             | tolerance wrote:
             | I wonder if people are downvoting you in good faith because
             | I think you're on to something. My assumption is that
             | denigrating mass media and pop culture comes across as
             | "elitist".
             | 
             | Oh well. I mean, for the person who can look around and
             | feel disdain toward these things, they deserve whatever
             | shred of dignity the allegation subscribes them to.
             | 
             | "Second Order Illiteracy" is precisely what cripples
             | imagination, or the ability to perceive things beyond the
             | immediate senses. Passively consuming electronic media does
             | the heavy lifting that the literary mind achieves.
             | 
             | > It's a bizarre kind of deja nostalgia - the only futures
             | that can be imagined are the ones that have been imagined
             | already.
             | 
             | If we toss the word "capitalism" into the fray of what
             | you're saying I think this is what Mark Fisher meant by the
             | "Slow cancellation of the future".
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | Possibly the idea is just too new / people who haven't
               | seen it think it's just dunking on the young generation
               | again. But for example there's an unexpected trend on
               | social media just within the past month of a large amount
               | of Gen Z not being able to read "third person omniscient"
               | (a term I hadn't heard before but is pretty much just
               | what it sounds like; from examples appears to be how all
               | fiction I've read is written).
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | > Older culture is "boring" because it doesn't follow the
             | standard tropes, and that makes it incomprehensible.
             | 
             | Hrm, I'm not sure what culture you're thinking of, but many
             | genres are considerably _less_ trope-bound today than fifty
             | years ago. Partly just because there is just _so much more
             | stuff_. It is far easier to publish books. The end of the
             | top-40 system as a curb on what music anyone actually gets
             | to hear has allowed for far more diversity there. Total TV
             | output today must be at least 10 times what it was 50 years
             | ago, maybe more. All of this allows more experimentation.
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | > there's been a catastrophic collapse in the public's
             | ability to imagine anything that hasn't been pre-digested
             | by Hollywood movies, video games, D&D, and anime.
             | 
             | D&D? How does a book based roleplaying game fit into the
             | argument about lack of imagination.
        
       | jtwoodhouse wrote:
       | "A good deal of literary criticism serves only to reinforce a
       | caste system which is as old as the intellectual snobbery which
       | nurtured it. No one can be as intellectually slothful as a really
       | smart person."
       | 
       | -- Stephen King
        
         | cubefox wrote:
         | Sour grapes. I've read enough of Stephen King in my youth to
         | know that he is a very skilled writer, but he only produced
         | large amounts of popular genre literature. The literature
         | equivalent of enjoyable but forgettable popcorn movies. He
         | wasn't taken seriously by literature criticism because he
         | didn't produce anything sophisticated.
        
           | lubujackson wrote:
           | I don't know if that's entirely accurate.
           | 
           | I just read The Body (basis for Stand By Me) and it was as
           | personal and emotionally complex as any literary-approved
           | fiction. It reminded me a lot of The Things They Carried,
           | actually.
           | 
           | I think the biggest issue is that once he was pidgeonholed
           | into being a "trope-master, scary fiction guy", no one would
           | look at his writing any other way. And to be fair, MOST of
           | his writing is overwrought genre stuff, but he has certainly
           | developed into a fine craftsman at his best.
           | 
           | The reality is that most "literary" fiction is terrible and
           | navel-gazing, seemingly written to land tenure somewhere or
           | push some stupid literary trend that is just as vapid as any
           | other publishing trend, only less fun. Historically, most
           | fiction (or art in general) that persists was wildly
           | successful in its time as a prerequisite.
        
             | cubefox wrote:
             | > The reality is that most "literary" fiction is terrible
             | and navel-gazing, seemingly written to land tenure
             | somewhere or push some stupid literary trend that is just
             | as vapid as any other publishing trend, only less fun.
             | 
             | I think that's just prejudice. Literary fiction simply has
             | artistic or intellectual value beyond entertainment, and
             | beyond using familiar tropes.
             | 
             | It's possible that King has some of these qualities
             | somewhere. I have only read ten to fifteen of his novels.
             | But that was enough that I could e.g. predict the ending of
             | The Shining after about 50 pages.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | Calling Stephen King enjoyable but forgettable I don't think
           | works as an argument because I think it's pretty rare for an
           | author to have 5+ novels that are so influential as to be
           | cultural touchstones for multiple generations. The amount of
           | fiction that he directly inspired or can trace their ideas
           | back to one of Stephen King's novels is overwhelming.
           | 
           | Of all the criticisms I expected to be leveled at the man
           | forgettable was perhaps the last one on my list.
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | I wonder if part of it is that culture is more fragmented. There
       | is lot more of it and it is often in other mediums. Like say TV-
       | series. So there is no need to read certain type of fiction to
       | stay on top of the recent thing...
        
       | libraryofbabel wrote:
       | I love how this article cuts right through a lot of bad trite
       | explanations for literary fiction's decline that have been pushed
       | by its adherents ("the internet made people stupid") to really
       | try and analyze the supply side and demand side factors of why
       | not many people buy contemporary literary fiction anymore.
       | 
       | His point that people still read challenging literary fiction,
       | just by dead people, also seems an important one (see HN's recent
       | discussions of reading Ulysses) and rather damning for
       | contemporary literary novelists. So is the point that many good
       | writers who wanted to actually earn a living that way ended up
       | writing for prestige TV in the 2000s instead.
       | 
       | I do wish he'd discussed more why Sally Rooney seems to be the
       | exception, in terms of commercial success. What is it about her
       | books that's different? What did she do (or avoid doing) to
       | appeal to a wide readership?
       | 
       | Finally, he seems to draw a pretty hard boundary between literary
       | and "genre" fiction that I'm not sure always exists. Ursula Le
       | Guin is a good counterexample here.
        
         | sitkack wrote:
         | If someone likes Le Guin, they also like the writing of Toni
         | Morrison. Morrison follows a more complex but similar abstract
         | structure in her writing.
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | Iain M Banks is another example of "literary sci-fi" or
         | whatever you want to call it.
        
         | mkoubaa wrote:
         | Even the most challenging work of fiction wasn't challenging to
         | an 18 year old contemporary reader of average intelligence. The
         | fact that in order to appreciate these works in present day
         | requires more intellectualism doesn't actually say anything
         | about the works themselves.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | I feel like this is a pretty bold statement for a population
           | that depending on what year you're calling contemporary was
           | probably somewhere between 30-50% illiterate.
           | 
           | I really wouldn't expect reading proficiency to be radically
           | different from the distribution we have today which is to say
           | the distribution centers around levels 2/3 which is "can make
           | basic inferences from text."
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | In some ways we are 30-50% literate now which means I
             | completely agree with you. I only meant the above about the
             | literate 18 year old. If a 17 year old kid with a 3.2 GPA
             | can't follow the prose without a headache then it isn't the
             | same kind of writing that Tolstoy did. That's not to say
             | that same person would appreciate the content of the novel
             | in its richness.
        
             | easterncalculus wrote:
             | Yes, and the amount of people being taught to read was a
             | lot lower than "basically everyone" (assuming we're talking
             | about the developed countries where this is measured).
             | Literature being considered a hobby anyone can get into is
             | a relatively recent concept.
        
             | masfuerte wrote:
             | Charles Dickens was a very popular author. Modern English
             | majors struggle to even "make basic inferences" from the
             | text!
             | 
             | https://kittenbeloved.substack.com/p/college-english-
             | majors-...
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | I think you're confusing critical and analytical reading
               | with narrative reading. It is definitely true that
               | critical reading ability is uncommon but that doesn't
               | mean a typical reader can't follow a story.
               | 
               | Sidenote - Dickens is unreadable to me for two reasons:
               | that version of English is not the same language I speak
               | natively _and_ he uses so much visual descriptions and I
               | 'm an aphant.
        
               | masfuerte wrote:
               | The task wasn't sophisticated. The English majors were
               | being asked to describe in simple terms what the text was
               | saying. If they were unfamiliar with any of the words
               | they were allowed to look them up. This was beyond them.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | Nobody talks the way that text was written anymore. This
               | is a test of a different skill than ability to grok a bit
               | of narrative.
        
               | Spivak wrote:
               | So as a comparison I asked AI to translate the text as
               | closely as possible to modern English. Which I know is
               | the task given to the students but the text isn't hard
               | once it's in roughly your native tongue, it's just
               | written using unfamiliar prose.
               | 
               | > LONDON. The Michaelmas term recently ended, and the
               | Lord Chancellor sitting in Lincoln's Inn Hall. Relentless
               | November weather. As much mud in the streets as if the
               | waters had just recently pulled back from the surface of
               | the earth, and it wouldn't be surprising to encounter a
               | Megalosaurus, about forty feet long, waddling like an
               | elephant-sized lizard up Holborn Hill. Smoke hanging low
               | from chimney tops, creating a soft black drizzle with
               | flakes of soot in it as large as full-grown snowflakes--
               | gone into mourning, one might think, for the death of the
               | sun. Dogs, unrecognizable in the mire. Horses, barely
               | better; splashed up to their very blinders. Pedestrians,
               | bumping into one another's umbrellas, in a widespread
               | outbreak of bad temper, and losing their footing at
               | street corners, where tens of thousands of other
               | pedestrians have been slipping and sliding since daybreak
               | (if this day ever broke), adding new layers to the crust
               | upon crust of mud, sticking stubbornly to the pavement at
               | those points, and building up with compound interest.
               | 
               | The Feast of St. Michael's just ended. Some guy who is
               | roughly akin to the Chief Justice of The Supreme Court is
               | chilling at what is basically "The Supreme Court
               | Building" (The US was so creative with the name). It's
               | raining, a lot. Everything is muddy. Dickens when writing
               | this clearly had just learned recently what a
               | Megalosaurus is. Oh my god Dickens is so pretentious
               | describing chimneys doing absolutely nothing special. The
               | dogs and horses are covered in mud. The people are
               | struggling to get around and are becoming frustrated at
               | one another. The mud is building up on the pavement
               | because of all the people tracking it.
        
         | sdenton4 wrote:
         | Something hinted at in the essay is what I consider a funnel
         | effect. If you have N people starting on some project, N/2 will
         | get distracted after a while, some proportion of those who
         | remain will just suck, some smaller proportion will be OK, and
         | so on until you manage to find a few real geniuses. If you
         | shrink the size of the funnel, you get less geniuses.
         | 
         | An important part of having a large funnel is giving people a
         | way to really spend their time doing the thing. For example,
         | writing short stories for magazines was once a reasonable way
         | to support yourself for a few years as a young writer, and led
         | to a very large funnel. Take away that infrastructure for young
         | writers, and you get a smaller funnel, and an attrition in
         | quality of the best work.
         | 
         | (Now, consider what happens 10-20 years after we stop hiring
         | new grads for programming jobs...)
        
         | stevenwoo wrote:
         | One thing I got from reading Sally Rooney is I can relate to
         | the many of the character's situations, thoughts/opinions and
         | emotions even though I am almost forty years older than they
         | are and her books are easy to read for lack of a better
         | description (though this latter features in much contemporary
         | writing). Is that her secret sauce, I dunno.
        
           | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
           | >her books are easy to read for lack of a better description
           | (though this latter features in much contemporary writing).
           | 
           | Maybe linguistic evolution is playing a role? Contemporary
           | writing is easiest to read because it's written in
           | contemporary English?
           | 
           | I also think _The Elements of Style_ had a real and positive
           | influence, in terms of e.g. sentences getting shorter:
           | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/xYn3CKir4bTMzY5eb/why-
           | have-s...
        
         | bigthymer wrote:
         | > I do wish he'd discussed more why Sally Rooney seems to be
         | the exception, in terms of commercial success. What is it about
         | her books that's different? What did she do (or avoid doing) to
         | appeal to a wide readership?
         | 
         | I suppose part of the reason is that the Irish have cultivated
         | a strong literary culture.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/books/article/2024/aug/20/we-
         | all...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jul/30/irish-...
        
         | all_factz wrote:
         | Because Rooney writes dressed-up romance novels. They're
         | mediocre. But to the author's point, at least they're readable
         | and touch on real emotion, even if I find them a bit trite.
         | Some balance could be struck between Rooney and the more
         | highbrow experiments the author bemoans. Elena Ferrante is a
         | decent example here, and she does get sales. But even then, I
         | do think the author understates the competition reading faces
         | from new forms of media - yes, there are more people, but the
         | amount of distraction has scaled disproportionately to the
         | number of new people. Massively.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > Finally, he seems to draw a pretty hard boundary between
         | literary and "genre" fiction that I'm not sure always exists
         | 
         | The litfic people would never agree with this, but litfic is
         | also a genre. It has its tropes, and especially it has its
         | snobbery. I think part of its decline may be exactly that: the
         | social circle which values litfic for exclusionary snob value
         | was always small, but now it has been eclipsed. Apart from
         | specific fandoms like Joyce; the Joyceans are closest to SF
         | fans in the way their fandom operates. They even have
         | conventions.
        
       | pclmulqdq wrote:
       | People seem to forget that many of the books we find to be
       | "literary" today were 1800s smut. These were commercial successes
       | in their time, and weren't considered "highbrow," that was just
       | what people read. Dismissing all of the books people read today
       | as "genre" and not literary is the problem.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | Interesting idea. Literary fiction never actually existed; it's
         | an artificial construct.
         | 
         | I'd really love some professors to analyze a furry solarpunk
         | story I wrote and dig through the symbolism like Virginia Woolf
         | wrote it.
         | 
         | It would be interesting to see if a random internet dog's
         | scribblings can provide just as much content for discussion.
         | From what other people have told me, it does.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | Scifi is somewhere in the transition from "always genre
           | fiction" to "sometimes respectable literary fiction" (people
           | write serious analyses of sci-fi, now!) Granted, furry
           | solarpunk might take a bit longer.
        
         | api wrote:
         | Literary is a genre. Like all genres it has its popular tropes,
         | fandom, cliches, etc.
         | 
         | A long time ago someone on a forum described a new lit fic book
         | as a "TOBADNY" -- a "trendy overhyped book about dysfunctional
         | New Yorkers." I LOLed and then realized this was totally the
         | case and that this was a popular lit fic trope.
        
           | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
           | I mean, maybe that's part of the problem, it's a genre that's
           | just becoming less popular? Akin to Western novels?
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | Hrm, not sure I _totally_ buy this; a big part of "is it
           | literary fiction?" is just "it is _proper, respectable_
           | literature that people write analyses of?", and that tends to
           | shift over time a bit. Some current novels which are not
           | considered literary fiction today will be in 2050.
        
             | api wrote:
             | That's a genre. Genre boundaries always shift and are
             | always a bit fuzzy. Most great works could be put in more
             | than one genre.
             | 
             | I'd say literary fiction is a genre that focuses on the
             | craft of writing, usually through either poetic prose or
             | deep character study. There are bonus points if the topic
             | or style is challenging, so you get tropes that lead in
             | this direction: deep studies of complicated often
             | problematic characters (Lolita), deep studies of society
             | (Pride and Prejudice), unusual plot structures (Cloud
             | Atlas), experimental prose style (Ulysses), etc. These are
             | literary tropes because they're challenging to write -- in
             | terms of the craft of writing itself. The most literary of
             | literary fiction is "writer's writing" in the sense that
             | some experimental jazz is "musician's music."
             | 
             | And of course you can have deliberate genre crossovers.
             | Literary sci-fi has been popular lately, like Ishiguro's
             | _Never Let Me Go_ or the already mentioned _Cloud Atlas_.
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | I wonder which genre fiction today will be deemed as 'literary'
         | in 2200s?
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | Sci-fi may be a slightly obvious answer; I think things like
           | Blindsight would probably get tagged as literary fiction
           | except that they are already genre fiction, say. That'll
           | probably happen sooner than 2200, tho; it has already started
           | happening in edge cases where everyone kinda pretends it's
           | not sci-fi (Handmaid's Tale, say).
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | I agree it's going to be SciFi, but maybe also some
             | fantasy. So much of SciFi consists of speculative
             | philosophy about the intersection of technology and
             | society. Fantasy is somewhat similar if you abstract
             | technology to include magic.
             | 
             | There are already debates as to whether _Lord of the Rings_
             | is  "literary" when it checks all the boxes.
        
         | stevenwoo wrote:
         | Don't have to go back that far :) - the author mentions
         | Portnoy's Complaint (1969) which contains the big sight gags
         | for the raunchy comedies Something About Mary(1998) and
         | American Pie(1999).
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | Also Ulysses, of course; it was essentially banned in most
           | English-speaking countries for a decade or so after
           | publication, on grounds of obscenity.
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | I believe you have got it right. How do you think people will
         | talk about half life in a few decades? Would it be considered
         | high brow?
        
           | ema wrote:
           | I think half life already is well on its way to be considered
           | high brow. I played it a few years ago and while I did enjoy
           | it part of my motivation to play it was "this is what the
           | people who have more experience than me think is good".
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | Yeah, this is kind of the trouble with this sort of thing. Even
         | ignoring the obscenity issue (_many_ great works of English
         | literature were not originally published in English-speaking
         | countries, but rather in France, which was more laid-back about
         | this sort of thing), it is not that long ago that novels as a
         | form were considered kinda inherently disreputable/low-brow;
         | even into the 19th century, _all_ novels were kind of seen a
         | bit like how we now see genre fiction.
        
         | archievillain wrote:
         | This is something that gets forgotten all the time: the common
         | man could go watch a Shakespeare play for a penny and sip on
         | ale between one dirty joke and the other.
         | 
         |  _Pride and Prejudice_ , perhaps the most romance novel to ever
         | romance novel in the history of romance novels, is described as
         | literary fiction (and so presumably not genre fiction) by the
         | author. I think history--and hundreds of entries on
         | fanfiction.net and archiveofourown.org where teenagers gush
         | about their own dark-haired and standoffish but secretly gentle
         | imaginary men--has shown that the reason she's remembered is
         | the _substance_ , not the _subject_ of her writing, as well as
         | the historical significance in her being a pioneer, of course.
         | 
         | I recently watched _The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari_. A
         | historically and artistically important movie, and then you go
         | check the Wikipedia page and the producer described it to the
         | effect  "Yeah from the script it looked like some quick slop
         | which would turn a buck."[1]
         | 
         | I think starting out with the idea of making a "literary" work
         | and creating a genre out of "literary fiction" inherently
         | doesn't work. I think the avenues for greatness are either
         | making something experimental that breaks new ground, or
         | something more conventional but that, in exchange, shows you
         | complete mastery of that well-known material. But you can't be
         | great just by appropriating the superficial qualities you
         | identify in past works you yourself consider to be great,
         | because again, it was the substance and not the mere subject
         | that made those work great.
         | 
         | [1] 'Pommer later said: "They saw in the script an
         | 'experiment'. I saw a relatively cheap film".' Citation [36] on
         | Wikipedia
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | To be honest, I suspect that someone reading Pride and
           | Prejudice _after_ reading a bunch of ao3 stuff is going to
           | suffer from https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/Seinf
           | eldIsUnfunn... to an extent; part of why was significant was
           | just in establishing a bunch of tropes which have now been
           | absolutely _done to death_.
        
             | archievillain wrote:
             | I've made sure to reference "historical significance" when
             | referencing P&P and the Cabinet for this exact reason. I
             | think every classic undergoes some amount of 'rot', but
             | I've also found a lot of classic to be perfectly enjoyable
             | if you allow them some slack.
             | 
             | And, not to insult fanfiction writers (I've been known to
             | partake), but I would guess Jane Austen still writes a
             | better broody man than most of them... although probably
             | not _all_ of them. That 's a secondary consequence of
             | simply having more people partaking in art to begin with:
             | the more millions of artists you have, that many more one-
             | in-a-million geniuses you're bound to find.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | > but I would guess Jane Austen still writes a better
               | broody man than most of them...
               | 
               | Whatever about that, she remains absolutely unbeaten in
               | writing awful vicars.
               | 
               | (I assume this wasn't her intention, but the vicar is by
               | far the most memorable character, for me.)
        
       | perching_aix wrote:
       | I don't know what could possibly make me read books. Reading is a
       | chore, and not very efficient at the best of times. There's also
       | the eye strain and the neck pain, and comfort in general. Best
       | would be to read from bed, but bed is for sleepy time, a hard
       | earned lesson.
       | 
       | But that's just me. Here's why I think books are no longer being
       | read in general.
       | 
       | It's simply a format that time has moved on from. First came the
       | radio, but radio wasn't gonna compete with books. Radio was
       | succeeded by television though, and that sure could, but
       | television is presently being succeeded by the internet, with TV
       | companies desperate for any remaining attention, attention that
       | they keep bleeding.
       | 
       | All this time the format has failed to find a foothold, and carve
       | out its stay. You may discover that this is not universally true
       | across the world, such as in Japan, where light novels are
       | decently popular. It has its own place, but in the Western world,
       | the only reliable place books have is in the classroom. I
       | stipulate that the reason you see a prominently female readership
       | is for the same reason: girls are (were?) taught in school that
       | they're the more artsy type, that humanities should interest them
       | more, and so they proceed(ed) to take that on the chin. Fast
       | forward a few decades, and there you go.
       | 
       | The same applies for all other foregone forms of art. Theater?
       | Opera? Ballet? Classical music performances? _You 'd have to pay
       | or coerce me_ to attend these. Where I live, all the institutions
       | hosting these are living off of government money, as they're
       | simply unable to sustain themselves otherwise. People just don't
       | care. The shows put on are basically live-action museum
       | exhibitions. Although I guess even museums should be included in
       | this list. Modern audiences are simply completely out of tune
       | with these, they are an exercise in anachronism. And until the
       | communities behind these continue to hammer in their formal
       | position in art over their actual one, rather than try to connect
       | with said modern audiences, this trend will continue. That is
       | assuming such a connection is even possible still at this point.
        
         | 7thaccount wrote:
         | Plenty of people still read and read a lot. I also have other
         | hobbies, but I don't think it's going away. There are more
         | books being published than ever before. There are also genres
         | like science fiction and fantasy that are HUGE now and were
         | once much smaller.
        
           | perching_aix wrote:
           | I mean happy for you, but that's a bit of a non sequitur,
           | isn't it? The thread we're in is literally called "The
           | cultural decline of literary fiction", and none of what you
           | say is actually mutually exclusive with that.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | Indeed, it's about the decline of _literary fiction_ - a
             | very specific subset of literature that comprises a tiny
             | part of fiction, nevermind the totality of all literature.
             | People still read books, just not these particular books.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | Agreed. Sorry for getting off topic. I interpreted some of
             | the comments as veering off into talking about the decline
             | of literature as a whole.
        
         | goldfishgold wrote:
         | For a supposedly moribund institution, live theater (esp
         | Broadway) makes a ton of money.
        
         | mrob wrote:
         | Comfort can be improved by using a dedicated ebook reader. It's
         | lighter than a paper book, makes it easier to turn the page,
         | and the text can be configured so that every book uses
         | identical typography (the most legible typography is the
         | typography you're used to).
         | 
         | Eye strain suggests you probably need corrective lenses of some
         | type. If so, fixing this will improve your quality of life in
         | more than just reading books. Good lighting is also important.
         | E-paper has the advantage that it can be used in bright
         | lighting, e.g. outdoors. For indoor reading you might want a
         | desk lamp positioned to shine extra light on the ebook reader.
        
       | dfedbeef wrote:
       | There are better ways to tell stories now; good story tellers are
       | doing fine.
       | 
       | The only ones left holding the bag are people who wanted
       | specifically to be 'literary fiction writers' because they have
       | some conception of what that is and why it's important to have a
       | story physically printed on paper.
        
       | unignorant wrote:
       | I really enjoyed this article but the claim of no literary
       | fiction making the Publishers Weekly yearly top 10 lists since
       | 2001 isn't really true:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishers_Weekly_list_of_best...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishers_Weekly_list_of_best...
       | 
       | It is true that there isn't that _much_ literary stuff that
       | breaks through, and the stuff that does is usually somewhat
       | crossover (e.g., All the Light We Cannot See in 2015 or Song of
       | Achilles in 2021) but it exists. These two books are shelved
       | under literary codes (though also historical). Song of Achilles
       | in particular is beautifully written and a personal favorite of
       | mine, at least among books published in recent years.
       | 
       | Then there are other works like Little Fires Everywhere and The
       | Midnight Library that I might not consider super literary but
       | nonetheless are also often considered so by book shops or
       | libraries (e.g., https://lightsailed.com/catalog/book/the-
       | midnight-library-a-... the lit fic code is FIC019000).
       | 
       | I was really surprised that Ferrante's Neapolitan series, the
       | best example (I would have thought) of recent work with both high
       | literary acclaim and popular appeal, did not actually make the
       | top 10 list for any year.
        
         | sdenton4 wrote:
         | Yeah, and looking through the lists makes one suspect that
         | there's a problem of incommensurate measurements... There's a
         | lot of 'very hungry caterpillar' in the recent lists, but I'm
         | unsure whether children's books were even in the running in the
         | 1960's. Or else there's been a revolution in buying books for
         | children since the 60's, which, honestly, I wouldn't be sad
         | about...
        
       | cafard wrote:
       | Is the author using Drury, Michener, and Morris West to beat up
       | on 2023? I haven't read Colleen Hoover, but I have read the
       | others, and they haven't made my must-reread list.
       | 
       | Honestly, if one takes the best-seller lists of a few arbitrary
       | years, one will find an awful lot of dross.
        
       | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
       | I've been wanting to buy a copy of Flowers for Algernon. It's
       | easy too, my local Barnes and Noble has it in stock. But it's $19
       | (in paperback!) for a book published almost 60 years ago.
        
         | LeonB wrote:
         | Take a slow and steady look through _every_ second-hand book
         | store within travelling distance.
         | 
         | You might find it or you might not. But the search will be far
         | more interesting than browsing any website.
        
         | ethagnawl wrote:
         | Keep an eye out for library sales in your area. The selection
         | is usually very good and you can buy books/CDs/etc. by the
         | pound.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | Mass market paperback is $6 on Amazon
        
       | mkoubaa wrote:
       | To produce a good work of fiction its important to both 1) have a
       | story to tell and 2) tell it masterfully.
       | 
       | By the time people collect enough life experience to satisfy (1)
       | they've aged out of the demographic that's willing to put in the
       | work to learn (2). This is why great writers are and will always
       | be rare. People who write slop in their 20s will either fail and
       | give up or be a victim of their success and produce more slop to
       | satisfy their audience.
        
       | BrenBarn wrote:
       | I agree with what seems like the article's main point, namely
       | that literary fiction has declined because it's not actually good
       | anymore, it's just targeted at a tiny subculture of critics with
       | weird tastes. In a way this is prefigured by the whole idea of
       | "literary fiction"; the article never explains what this is, but
       | it seems to mean something like "fiction that intends to be
       | something other than pure entertainment".
       | 
       | > after postmodernism a kind of MFA minimalism came to dominate
       | literary fiction
       | 
       | I totally agree with this and it more or less sums up why I
       | hardly read any contemporary literary fiction. (And I'm one of
       | those people the article talks about who does read a lot of
       | novels, just not many _new_ ones.) Although it 's contrasted here
       | with postmodernism, in a way I see a contiguity between them, as
       | the irritating background sensation I get from most such writing,
       | is a deliberate attempt by the author to create a distinctive
       | "voice". Some of the postmodernist stuff does it by being very
       | weird, but the new stuff can be even worse because so many
       | writers are trying to create "their own voice" within this tiny
       | range of the style space. I make an effort to sample this
       | sometimes when I'm in a boosktore, but I'll pick up a book and
       | read the first page or two and a wave of ennui washes over me.
       | 
       | Around 20 years ago, in college, I went to a talk by a classics
       | scholar (as in, ancient Greek classics), who made an offhand
       | reference to "The sort of story you read in the New Yorker, you
       | know, one everyday American preaching a gentle sermon to
       | another." I've always remembered that line and it still rings
       | true today.
       | 
       | The article seems to talk about the "wokeness hypothesis" on this
       | issue in terms of attributes of authors (e.g., their race or
       | gender) rather than of stories. I don't know much about that. But
       | if there's a way that wokeness or something like it has
       | influenced writing, I'd say it's from a different angle: I just
       | get the sense that there's a lot more risk today in writing about
       | characters very unlike the author. It can be perceived as trying
       | to "tell [insert group name here]'s story" without their
       | involvement or consent. I think the severity of this is
       | overstated by right-leaning reactionaries, but it's hard to argue
       | that it's not a genuine shift in societal mood and values.
       | 
       | I think this is somewhat unfortunate, because it has a chilling
       | effect on the role of imagination in writing. When we assume that
       | a writer writing about some character is "telling the story" of
       | people _in the real world_ who are somehow similar to that
       | character I think we sometimes close ourselves off to interesting
       | stories that can potentially speak to many readers across
       | cultures and categories. Like I say, this effect isn 't decisive,
       | but it's real.
       | 
       | When reading the article I also kept thinking about "classical"
       | music, which seems like the musical counterpart to "literary"
       | fiction. I've met people my age, younger, even kids, who respond
       | with visceral enjoyment to Beethoven, Chopin, etc. I've met
       | people who genuinely like stuff like Debussy and Ravel. I'm not
       | sure I've ever met someone who unironically liked contemporary
       | classical music on that level. Like literary fiction, it's become
       | an inside game for people who want to push boundaries and move
       | beyond conventions, and making something that sounds nice is
       | secondary. There are exceptions to various degrees (Philip Glass
       | comes to mind) but on the whole I get the sense of the same
       | phenomenon mentioned in the article, which is that everyone seems
       | to take it as given that no one is writing any music today that
       | is even in the same league as Beethoven or Bach.
       | 
       | In the realm of fiction, that kind of connects to this:
       | 
       | > For the last twenty years American literary culture has been
       | unable to produce a writer we can describe as great without at
       | least feeling a tinge of embarrassment about. We should be
       | worried.
       | 
       | That feeling of embarrassment feels connected to the rise of
       | irony in art in general, and I wonder if it's another reason
       | literary fiction has suffered. It's hard to write in the modern
       | world without working in a significant wink-wink-nudge-nudge
       | about how stupid and banal things are, not in the sense of satire
       | or even witty commentary but just a kind of devil-may-care
       | acceptance.
       | 
       | But there may be hope for us yet. According to a story that may
       | be apocryphal, around 100 years ago someone asked Andre Gide who
       | the greatest French poet was and he answered: "Victor Hugo,
       | alas!"
        
       | lapcat wrote:
       | I think the first half of the article is the strongest, most
       | plausible part. The argument:
       | 
       | Economic opportunities for professional writers have declined
       | dramatically. The two crucial pathways were mentioned for novel
       | writers to support themselves economically: (1) magazine writing
       | and (2) academia. In the first case, magazine circulation has
       | suffered because advertisers left for the internet, and in the
       | second case, academic job oportunities have declined because of
       | governmental cutbacks to universities, especially in the
       | humanities.
       | 
       | The second half of the article argues that authors have made a
       | tradeoff, deciding to maximize critical praise instead of book
       | sales, thereby turning off general audiences who don't share the
       | obscure and trendy tastes of the critics.
       | 
       | This argument felt weak. As far as I can tell, there's no real
       | explanation of how it supposedly came about. Even the article
       | author seems to admit there are holes in the argument: "There are
       | still some important open questions: the exact role of the
       | critics in moving authors away from popular taste." Indeed.
       | 
       | I'm personally a fan of contemporary literary fiction. My own
       | suspicion is that the problem in literature is the same as the
       | problem in music and movies: corporate consolidation and the
       | ascendancy of data-mongering penny-pinchers with no taste except
       | for profit maximization. Their preference in all the arts is
       | derivative dreck that's easily marketed, ideally with a built-in
       | audience and reproducible, with the goal of spawning an endless
       | series based in the same "universe." The leaders of the industry
       | don't want to take chances on new artists, unless they can
       | guarantee a massive hit.
        
         | kevinmchugh wrote:
         | Magazines were so flush with cash that Vonnegut was paid $750
         | for his first story. That's unadjusted for inflation. I'm no
         | expert, but I think a first time author getting $750 from a
         | magazine would be doing pretty well these days. He saw that
         | market fall apart within his lifetime, and blamed it on th
         | audience moving to TV, for what it's worth.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | The last time I checked (2022), top-tier lit mags will pay
           | about $50-100 for a story. They pay mostly in "exposure"
           | these days.
        
           | morkalork wrote:
           | Many well known authors got their start in magazines like
           | Hunter S. Thompson; Where would he be if he was starting out
           | today? Probably doing podcasts and the youtube circuit
           | instead.
        
             | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
             | My assumption is that many people are trying to break into
             | the podcast circuit and the vast majority basically fail.
             | The winners being those who are best suited for it. My
             | assumption would be that Hunter S Thompson happened to be
             | suited for a different attention market in a different era.
        
         | libraryofbabel wrote:
         | I agree with you that the economic factors are much more
         | persuasive.
         | 
         | I'm curious though, if you're a reader of contemporary literary
         | fiction, do you think that it _hasn 't_ undergone a
         | transformation to become more obscure and trendy compared to
         | where it was in, say, the 1960s? Are the critics' favorites now
         | just as accessible and of the same standard as, say, Lolita or
         | Portnoy's Complaint were back then? Or do you agree there was a
         | transformation and just disagree with the vague reasons he
         | gives for it?
         | 
         | Also, do you have any recommendations of contemporary literary
         | fiction for us here on Hacker News? Asking as someone who
         | mostly only reads literary novels by dead people, contemporary
         | sci-fi or speculative fiction, and of course, inevitably, books
         | by Sally Rooney.
        
           | lapcat wrote:
           | I'm not trying to present myself as an expert in the field,
           | and certainly not as a tastemaker. I'm just a regular reader
           | of contemporary literary fiction. My personal taste doesn't
           | match well with the critics, or with the best-seller charts
           | for that matter, so I don't pay a lot of attention to either.
           | The article author is much more familiar with the empirical
           | facts than I am.
           | 
           | My objection was that, from the perspective of a reader of
           | the submitted article, there seems to be a giant plot hole in
           | the author's story. The author claims:
           | 
           | > beginning in the 1970s, authors were willing to optimize
           | for critical praise at the expense of sales to a degree they
           | had not been before.
           | 
           | This may or may not be empirical true, but the question is
           | _why_? As far as I could tell, the author never explained
           | why.
           | 
           | > It's easy to see how a vicious cycle could have arisen from
           | the preoccupation with status, not sales:
           | 
           | > 1. Authors start to optimize for critical praise
           | 
           | You can't just start the argument there! Ironically, the
           | author talks about a vicious cycle, but that's actually a
           | circular argument. I want to see 1 as the conclusion, not the
           | first premise.
           | 
           | > How exactly did this cycle start? I think there's reason to
           | believe it began in the 1970s.
           | 
           | That's an answer to the question of _when_ it started, not
           | _how_ is started.
           | 
           | The author places as footnote at that point and admits at the
           | very end of the article, "Epistemically, this section is the
           | shakiest."
           | 
           | There is a theory presented about mass behavior, the behavior
           | of novel writers as a group. Yet a psychological motive is
           | lacking. Writers all just decided to change their writing
           | fundamentally, for no apparent reason?
        
         | stanleykm wrote:
         | > My own suspicion is that the problem in literature is the
         | same as the problem in music and movies: corporate
         | consolidation and the ascendancy of data-mongering penny-
         | pinchers with no taste except for profit maximization
         | 
         | Agreed. I think this was a big miss in the article.
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | >Economic opportunities for professional writers have declined
         | dramatically. The two crucial pathways were mentioned for novel
         | writers to support themselves economically: (1) magazine
         | writing and (2) academia. In the first case, magazine
         | circulation has suffered because advertisers left for the
         | internet, and in the second case, academic job oportunities
         | have declined because of governmental cutbacks to universities,
         | especially in the humanities.
         | 
         | >The second half of the article argues that authors have made a
         | tradeoff, deciding to maximize critical praise instead of book
         | sales, thereby turning off general audiences who don't share
         | the obscure and trendy tastes of the critics.
         | 
         | I think that the second half of the article seems weak because
         | the first half contains a critical flaw. Academia hasn't
         | declined nearly as much as magazines. Government funding is
         | down, but departments are open and there are still thousands of
         | English professors out there. Meanwhile, enrollment is up and
         | university budgets are broadly still quite healthy. The
         | situation is much worse for traditional long-form entertainment
         | media, which has been squeezed by the blogosphere and the
         | algorithmic feed.
         | 
         | This is not to diminish the argument that the arts have
         | suffered as a whole, but in order to look at changes within the
         | field, we need to consider changes in the _relative_ importance
         | of various factors.
         | 
         | The expected consequence of this is that authors become _more_
         | dependent on academic jobs, which often react more favorably to
         | critical appraisal than book sales. The second argument in the
         | article then follows.
         | 
         | There is a little more to say here: the old magazine audience
         | was not quite the broad popular audience of the bestseller
         | lists. Rather we have to hypothesize some particular "literary"
         | interest among the magazine audience that creates a market for
         | the writers of literary fiction in a way that today's media
         | does not. But since I have only a passing familiarity with that
         | world and I am not a big reader of literary fiction I do not
         | have any useful insight here.
        
           | lapcat wrote:
           | > departments are open and there are still thousands of
           | English professors out there
           | 
           | Wow, that's a pretty low bar.
           | 
           | Ask newly minted PhDs about the job market. The submitted
           | article even has a chart and a link about the job market, so
           | which part of that are you disputing?
        
             | scythe wrote:
             | The answer to your question is just the next paragraph
             | after the sentence you quoted.
        
               | lapcat wrote:
               | No, it's not? Could you please be more specific?
        
               | allturtles wrote:
               | To elaborate on lapcat's point, you have to look at this
               | from the point-of-view of a young, would-be aspiring
               | literary fiction writer. From that vantage, it doesn't
               | matter what the steady state of English/MFA
               | professorships is, all that matters is your
               | ability/chances to get one of those stable
               | professorships. And the odds are very, very low, because
               | lots of new PhDs are being produced, the turnover on
               | those jobs is tiny (they are very comfortable positions,
               | and there are few other job opportunities that use the
               | same skills), and ~no new jobs of that kind are being
               | created. Even if you get into a top-tier PhD program,
               | chances are you will never get a tenure-track position,
               | much less achieve tenure. You will either scrape by on a
               | series of poorly-paid, labor intensive adjunct teaching
               | positions, or abandon academia.
               | 
               | This is all very well-documented, search for "humanities
               | phd job crisis" and you will find lots of information,
               | e.g. [0].
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/upshot/academic-
               | job-crisi...
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | You have got it backwards. Why would economic incentives
         | opportunities not exist if there were still demand?
         | 
         | If you suggest that demand reduced because of internet -
         | wouldn't internet then be the real cause of decline and not
         | some vague reason about wages?
        
           | lapcat wrote:
           | > You have got it backwards. Why would economic incentives
           | opportunities not exist if there were still demand?
           | 
           | Novels can take years to write, and sometimes years to sell.
           | In the meantime, authors need to pay the bills. Only authors
           | who are already famous get substantial advances for unwritten
           | books. Therefore, aspiring novelists need sources of income
           | to support themselves while they write a novel. Magazine
           | writing and academia have been two of the most common sources
           | of income for aspiring novelists. If those sources dry up,
           | then the supply of aspiring novelists dries up too, and thus
           | the supply of novels. Even if there's a demand for novels,
           | publishers have little idea who will write a great novel
           | before that novel is actually written; publishers can't just
           | throw around money to support a bunch of unproven writers.
           | 
           | > If you suggest that demand reduced because of internet -
           | wouldn't internet then be the real cause of decline and not
           | some vague reason about wages?
           | 
           | Ironically, "because of internet" is the vaguest of reasons.
           | Here's what the submitted article said, specifically: "the
           | internet killed magazines, not because people's brains turned
           | to mush, but because of the loss of advertisement revenue.
           | U.S. consumer-magazine ad spend almost halved from 2004 to
           | 2024 as brands chased cheaper, better-targeted impressions on
           | Google and Facebook. It was those magazines that didn't rely
           | primarily on advertising revenue which survived and are
           | thriving today. The New Yorker, for example, is still
           | profitable."
        
       | protocolture wrote:
       | >Literary fiction, serious fiction,[1] high literature,[2] or
       | artistic literature,[2] and sometimes just literature,[2]
       | encompasses fiction books and writings that are more character-
       | driven rather than plot-driven, that examine the human condition,
       | or that are simply considered serious art by critics.
       | 
       | Same reason new christmas carols dont land. And people dont
       | listen to new classic music styles. It has to meet arbitrary
       | rules regarding art, seriousness and get past critics to even be
       | added to the category. I say category because _anyone_ can write
       | fiction, its just magical fairy dust better than you wankery when
       | you add literary to the front.
       | 
       | Much easier to instead simply write good fiction and let idiots
       | clutch pearls over its literariness.
       | 
       | Boils down to "This arbitrary category with a bunch of great
       | nostalgia based entries doesn't have modern competition"
       | 
       | Meanwhile _genre fiction printer goes brrrrrr_ which contains a
       | lot of shit, but due to sheer quantity contains so many gems you
       | never even need to worry about critics or  "literary" fiction.
       | 
       | Actually I feel like this is yet another example of how stupid it
       | is to gatekeep art as higher than process. Art comes from
       | process. It isnt a single part of the process that can be
       | separated from it. People complained video games could never be
       | art. People complain that genre fiction cant be art. These days
       | its AI image generation. Its all art, or can be art.
        
       | anal_reactor wrote:
       | My problem with books is that it takes a lot of time to read a
       | book, and it's very difficult to tell beforehand if I'll like the
       | book.
        
         | allturtles wrote:
         | Isn't this easily solved by reading part of the book and then
         | deciding whether you like it enough to continue?
         | 
         | The typical novel takes no longer than watching a season of a
         | serialized TV show... and because it is written as a coherent
         | whole rather than piecemeal, it is much less likely than a TV
         | show to suffer from a bad ending that undermines everything
         | that came before it.
        
       | romaaeterna wrote:
       | Younger people don't read books as frequently as they did when I
       | was young (pre-internet). Bookstores are flooded with junk, with
       | the SEO-equivalent of publishing spam having won out on the
       | bookshelves. Libraries are as bad or worse. Students do not
       | pursue Greek and Latin and classical literature, and have no
       | reference point of high culture apart from the distracting now.
       | 
       | And the English language has declined. English has always been a
       | scraped-together, something-of-everything tongue. But jargon and
       | abstractisms have killed expression. Meanwhile, French and German
       | have eaten so many Americanisms that they're in terminal
       | indigestion, and now the whole planet thinks and talks like a
       | slightly below-average bumpkin American with a college journalism
       | degree.
        
       | ryao wrote:
       | I had no idea that literary fiction was a genre rather than a
       | generic term for fictional literature until I read this:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_fiction
       | 
       | There is a very simple explanation for the decline. The books are
       | garbage that only masochists enjoy and that sadists force
       | children to read in school. The description "Literary fiction may
       | involve a concern with social commentary, political criticism, or
       | reflection on the human condition" is full of antipatterns that
       | are largely the mark of bad literature, since they miss the core
       | purpose of fictional literature, which is to entertain. This is
       | why "light novels" out of Japan and adaptations of them are
       | popular while literary fiction is not.
        
         | Filligree wrote:
         | Literary fiction is not a genre. It's disjoint from genre
         | fiction, which contains SF, fantasy and so on.
        
       | b00ty4breakfast wrote:
       | when has litfic ever been relevant to the wider culture? There
       | are exceptions of course but those are remarkable specifically
       | because they are the exception. The average reader has always
       | wanted Peyton Place, not Proust
        
       | sandy_coyote wrote:
       | If it's true that lit fic started leaving the best seller lists
       | around the early 70s, could that also be due to people finding
       | other media to express themselves? Like experimental music, film,
       | and other fiction genres?
        
       | dsign wrote:
       | If I or anybody else publishes a novel about LLMs taking over the
       | world, it would be classed as science-fiction, not as social
       | commentary.
       | 
       | We suffer the same vices and the same diseases of one hundred
       | years ago, and by then we had already invented capitalism and
       | "enjoyed" it for quite some time. So I recon nobody would be able
       | to write something like Les Miserables or David Copperfield and
       | expect to have the same impact.
       | 
       | Our technological world and the nature of our collective miseries
       | are constantly changing, and IMO are fertile ground for literary
       | creation, but writers trained on the classic literary fiction
       | works would not be prepared to handle the intricacies of our
       | broad technology sectors and its social implications, and if they
       | did were prepared and did write on those topics, they wouldn't be
       | recognized by their peers and the New Yorker as literary fiction
       | writers... Think about The Martian, and a long list of wonderful
       | works that have never made it to any of the high-brow lists this
       | article refers to.
        
       | cs02rm0 wrote:
       | Video killed the radio star.
       | 
       | I remember listening to that as a kid and thinking it must be
       | wrong because we still had radio, we even had books everywhere as
       | far as I could see. Of course we still do, but it's not just
       | literary fiction suffering; book sales tend to go down (pandemics
       | excepted) while the numbers being published goes up.
       | 
       | Anecdotally, I followed an interesting ex-MI6 bod on Tiktok
       | (@theenglishspy) who had ~50k followers and admitted, maybe a few
       | months after publishing a book he'd been pushing, that he had
       | sold less than 100 copies. I had my own go [1] at narrative non-
       | fiction for a cause and also didn't manage to break 100 copies.
       | 
       | Perhaps it's a good thing; the market's saturated, while overall
       | demand for books is falling it's because there are more instant,
       | engaging formats that people are seeking to invest in finding
       | stories. If the internet ever goes down, those books will still
       | be there, we'll just have to find a way to order them.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0DVC8XG1X/
        
         | BlackFly wrote:
         | According to the author this isn't the case, but the take is
         | complicated:
         | 
         | > People don't read books or short stories in magazines anymore
         | because they're too busy scrolling? There's data on this:
         | according to the National Endowment of the Arts, the number of
         | Americans who "read literature" has fallen from 56.9% in 1982
         | to 46.7% in 2002 to 38% in 2022. I'm not even going to bother
         | pulling data on the percent of time people spend on their
         | phones or on the internet. So the internet means people spend
         | less time reading books and (presumably) less time reading
         | literary fiction in particular because it's weighty, boring,
         | dense, etc. There are two problems with this theory: one is
         | that the facts are wrong -- the actual size of the fiction
         | reading population has not shrunk a meaningful amount
         | (population growth), and the second is that even if the facts
         | were right, it couldn't be correct: in 1955, the number of
         | Americans who even read one book a year (39%) was lower than it
         | is today (53%).3 And the 1950s and 1960s were supposedly the
         | golden-age of American fiction. What's actually going on?
         | 
         | Most easily digestible evidence submitted by the author is
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/data/DRBKRA3A086NBEA showing that
         | actual per capita expenditure on reading material has increased
         | indexed to 2017 dollars...
        
           | cs02rm0 wrote:
           | Lies, damned lies and statistics, but I'm not sure any of
           | that contradicts my view. Print sales are down since the
           | pandemic bump, they're back at ~2008 levels when the US
           | population was >40m fewer.
           | 
           | That the percentage of people who can read (and do read one
           | book per year) is higher, clearly isn't translating to more
           | book sales, so people are reading, or at least buying, fewer
           | print books.
        
       | sublinear wrote:
       | Got too politcal
        
       | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
       | What is "literary fiction"?
       | 
       | Is it possible that the word "literature" just refers to fiction
       | which has had time to accumulate gravitas, in part due to being
       | old?
       | 
       | If that's true, "literature" production will _always_ appear to
       | be in decline ;-)
        
         | chairmansteve wrote:
         | Many years ago, I was in Foyles in London, trying buy A Portait
         | of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce.
         | 
         | I scoured the fiction section, surprised that they didn't have
         | it. Then I asked a staff member. He told me to look in the
         | Literature section....
        
       | HeartStrings wrote:
       | Don't forget rise of audible.
        
       | Zaylan wrote:
       | I've noticed my reading habits changing too. I used to read a lot
       | of literary fiction in my twenties, but now I mostly go for
       | nonfiction or short-form stuff. It's not that I think fiction is
       | less important, it just feels harder to make space for slow,
       | quiet stories that don't offer an immediate payoff.
       | 
       | Maybe it's not just a cultural decline, but a deeper shift in how
       | we deal with time, attention, and meaning.
        
       | TulliusCicero wrote:
       | I read books to have fun, and litfic isn't really fun for me. I
       | absolutely acknowledge that I read schlock -- mostly progression
       | fantasy these days -- because it's immediately fun and engaging
       | to me. If I wanna think harder, I read about politics and current
       | events, or work on side projects, or maybe play a strategy or
       | puzzle game.
        
         | BlackFly wrote:
         | Yeah, this is basically the argument of the op. That somewhere
         | in the 70s, that whole genre started to target critics as the
         | audience instead of the general population and sales have been
         | dwindling since that alienation.
        
       | hoseja wrote:
       | Whenever I look at some award list of contemporary "serious"
       | literature it's filled to the brim with variations on "semi-
       | fictional biography of a 20th century human". I have no idea why
       | this is. Why is this the only type of story that is "taken
       | seriously"?
        
       | randomcarbloke wrote:
       | it doesn't help that the craft of writing is being forgotten,
       | even if you don't read you can see the same issue in film and
       | television.
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | I'm a bit of an old timer so I'll throw something out there.
       | Entertainment used to be rare. Albums used to cost $20 back when
       | that used to be a lot of money. TV was 13 channels, and that was
       | if you had cable. People had to read because there was no other
       | option. Now there's absolutely unlimited free/cheap entertainment
       | and literary fiction is highly politicized because of critics.
       | There's no such thing as a controversial novel that gets any
       | mention by anyone post 2008.
       | 
       | The last contemporary literary novel I read was Michel
       | Houellebecq's "Submission" and I read it only because it was
       | controversial, extremely well written and Hourllebecq writes
       | novels that appeal to middle aged men. I'm always up for a novel
       | like that, but it seems impossible to find these days.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | Plus what 'social media' has done to our attention span. It
         | takes some to read a book, especially literature.
        
           | kreyenborgi wrote:
           | at least takes away the ability to comprehend substack
           | articles
        
       | flufluflufluffy wrote:
       | Wtf is "literary fiction?" Sounds like a genre invented by snobs.
       | Same old [people from past generation complaining that x medium
       | art made by the current generation is worse/lacks a soul/etc/etc]
       | that has been happening since the beginning of art. There is a
       | wealth of extremely artful, literary written works being made by
       | young people today. Just like there's a wealth of extremely
       | artful, boundary pushing music being made by young people today.
       | You're not gonna run into most of it if you only listen to top 40
       | radio but that doesn't mean it's not there.
       | 
       | Even so, with the "top 40" songs/books/what-have-you, I feel like
       | these things are always framed as "cultural decline" when in fact
       | it's "cultural change" and you just don't like the thing it's
       | changing into currently.
        
       | alexitorg wrote:
       | I wonder if the same thing is happening in genres like sci-fi.
       | These trends sound familiar: Publishing books to appeal to
       | critics, more prestige fiction published, less published white
       | male authors, less published books on best seller lists (by
       | published I mean published by a professional publishing firm). I
       | am not sure that big authors of the 80's and 90's such as Iain
       | Banks, Neil Stevenson, Peter F Hamilton would get published now
       | days. I've noticed the big sci-fi awards seems to have a lot more
       | books with social justice themes than I remember. I find I don't
       | like a lot of the newly published sci-fi. I'm reading a lot more
       | self published books amd, at least judging by best seller lists
       | on amazon, so are a lot of other people. It is a pity, I think
       | professionally published books are generally better written,
       | perhaps it is the pipeline of authors writing about themes I like
       | being broken?
        
         | antupis wrote:
         | Pretty much all the best stuff is self-published first weekly
         | basis on sites like Royal Road, and then some mainstream
         | publisher will pick it up when it gains momentum.
        
         | thom wrote:
         | I assume you're joking, but hopefully everyone will be aware
         | that Ian (M) Banks was woke as fuck, and Neil Stevenson and
         | Peter F Hamilton continue the noble struggle of publishing
         | through such minor imprints as HarperCollins and Random House.
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | This is a bad faith response. Of course publishers aren't
           | going to drop established best-selling authors; alexitorg's
           | point is that these authors would not get the same chance if
           | they were starting out today.
           | 
           | Also, I think Banks was more of an old fashioned utopian
           | socialist, which is very different from "woke as fuck".
        
             | thom wrote:
             | I guess it's at least some comfort that Banks didn't have
             | to live to see a world where a white man couldn't publish a
             | series about gender-bending space communists.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | it's quite clear to me that the author, and peers of the article
       | dont get out enough. the issue is not the decline of literary
       | fiction, it is rather the fact of fiction it lself is no longer
       | possible, which is quite evident when listening to the surreal,
       | harrowing, epic tales to be told by the people all around the
       | edges, haltingly, and reluctantly told, but everywhere. we no
       | longer live in a "golden age" where we can mull over the causes
       | and effects of human lives lived large and bold, as the
       | inescapable reality is serving you coffee, in a 3d printed sci-fi
       | setting, the furnishings hard, the light eminating from an
       | incomprehensable device operating at frequencys absent from any
       | literary narative, a high whine wavering beween revelation and
       | impending doom, more in line with some mythical description of
       | the advent of deamons and spirits than anything a civilised and
       | literate culture would ever allude to. Cervantes and Hobbs stand
       | as proxy's for two possible paths, Hobbs bieng the overwheming
       | choice, all of the impossible to reconcile inconsistansies,
       | simply ommited from our narative, and twisted into a
       | booming(pun.acknowedged) busniess of exporting our conradictions.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | cuil story, bro.
        
       | southernplaces7 wrote:
       | I don't see it. For one thing, the classic creative pieces of
       | literary fiction continue to sell and be read (and we don't even
       | know how many other people read pirated or freely available
       | copies of them every day), while more new fiction than ever in
       | human history is being published constantly.
       | 
       | About the vast majority of that new fiction, we really have no
       | easy way to tell which of it will one day be considered literary
       | fiction too. Many of the books and other pieces of creative
       | fiction we consider "greats" and literary today, were at some
       | point just, fiction. Tehir future reputation wasn't yet known.
       | 
       | Not quite literary fiction, but Shakespeare's plays were their
       | era's versions of Hollywood films for the masses, but look at
       | them now. Similar applies to many books.
        
       | resource_waste wrote:
       | "Poets lie too much"
       | 
       | What is the goal of fiction? Escapism. What does it matter if its
       | deep or shallow? The deep ones arent entertaining enough?
       | 
       | If you are expecting a character to enlighten you on a new
       | problem, you are being corrupted by lies.
       | 
       | From Nietzsche to Plato, its agreed, fiction corrupts. Using it
       | for anything outside entertainment is horrifying.
        
       | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
       | Book sales figures are so private that I don't know how to
       | validate this, but my intuition is that this is just the mirror
       | of the rise of genre fiction. It was never unpopular in the first
       | place, and there's little if anything left of the 1960s-era
       | consensus that genre fiction is fundamentally lesser. I read a
       | lot, and it's just never occurred to me that I have to find
       | literary fiction if I want something deep or thought-provoking.
        
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