[HN Gopher] The cultural decline of literary fiction
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The cultural decline of literary fiction
        
       Author : libraryofbabel
       Score  : 85 points
       Date   : 2025-06-22 16:00 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (oyyy.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (oyyy.substack.com)
        
       | TimorousBestie wrote:
       | While I disagree that "the publishers went woke" is a salient
       | reason (or even true in any real sense), I give the essay props
       | for resisting the urge to reduce a very complicated problem down
       | to a single causal factor.
        
         | peacebeard wrote:
         | Some better versions of this take might be "In the culture war
         | many people are only willing to consume media that perfectly
         | signals their virtues, so even innocuous content can seem
         | antagonistic." or "Our culture changed and I don't like it
         | anymore, get off my lawn."
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | For the most part I think this culture war is a figment of
           | the media's imagination/desire. I think people just don't
           | want to read for the most part--even those who purchase the
           | books.
        
             | gherkinnn wrote:
             | I find the culture war to exist primarily in the minds of
             | the terminally online.
        
               | peacebeard wrote:
               | Maybe if you include "terminally watching the news on
               | TV". But either way, it's a lot of people.
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | My issue with the wokeness is that it makes the stories very
         | predictable. One race of characters is pretty much bad. The
         | other race needs some saviorism. It's not the message of
         | wokeness that is boring, but the repetitive and insistent
         | manner in which it is delivered.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Not the message, but the fact there's little else besides the
           | message to keep you interested.
           | 
           | As opposed, for example, to Richard Morgan's A Land Fit for
           | Heroes. Where the main character is gay. He was persecuted
           | for being gay. There are gay sex scenes.
           | 
           | However this is not what the book is about. Stuff is
           | happening in that series. He's the hero of a decent story.
           | 
           | But then I'm talking about a fantasy series so it's not
           | "literature" :)
        
           | TimorousBestie wrote:
           | Was Tolkien woke? I wonder.
        
         | brazzy wrote:
         | It seems to me pretty clear that the article is arguing that
         | "wokeness made fiction crap" is really just the most current
         | result of "authors are optimizing for critics and editors, who
         | are competing for status, and neither are interested in
         | producing stuff readers like".
        
       | fullshark wrote:
       | Affording someone status for being someone with an opinion on
       | cultural artifact X no longer exists. No one is impressed,
       | there's too many people with thoughtful opinions on important
       | books doing absolutely nothing valuable in society.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | How has that changed since the mid 20th Century?
        
           | dmoy wrote:
           | Self publishing your opinions in a way that is cheaply
           | (freely) accessible to anyone became a thing. Previously if
           | you wanted a book review you had to spend a chunk of time
           | and/or money to even find a review, and when you did there
           | was like a handful of reviews. If the thing was more
           | esoteric, maybe zero reviews.
        
         | vintermann wrote:
         | So it isn't that we become stupid from browsing, it's that the
         | internet has an unlimited supply of critics?
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | I've never been able to give myself a good justification for why
       | I should be reading any of that stuff.
        
         | Papazsazsa wrote:
         | The reason you read literary fiction is because you're curious
         | about the outer edges of human thought or experience.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | This is HN, they may be looking to put a monetary value on
           | it.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | Interesting. That's exactly why I read science fiction.
        
           | mcnamaratw wrote:
           | But that's new. Until ca 1970-2000, people read literary
           | fiction because it was high quality, much more than because
           | it was unrelateable. O'Hara, Salinger, and Franzen were not
           | writing about the outer edges of human experience.
        
           | esafak wrote:
           | But does it have to be inaccessible to be so? It's easy to
           | write something incomprehensible that says nothing. Is the
           | writer writing about something that is inherently complex,
           | and that's why it is inaccessible? Not typically in a novel.
           | The prospective reader may then ask, why should I bother? I'm
           | also curious what Pynchon has to say, but not enough to
           | justify the investment.
        
             | tekla wrote:
             | It's not inaccessible. Its just that you don't have the
             | reading skills from lack of use.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Yes, I'm sure it all our faults, not that of the product.
        
               | tekla wrote:
               | Yep, skills need to be practiced before you engage with
               | harder material
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Or, authors need to be subservient to the needs and
               | desires of the customers.
        
               | antasvara wrote:
               | Around 54% of adults read at a 6th grade level or below:
               | https://www.apmresearchlab.org/10x-adult-literacy
               | 
               | Based on this, you could reach both of these conclusions:
               | 
               | 1. Most literary fiction is inaccessible to the average
               | adult.
               | 
               | 2. It's a big problem that even moderately complex novels
               | are inaccessible to the average adult.
               | 
               | The first statement (which I think is where you're coming
               | from) is absolutely true. If you want to write a very
               | popular book, it should be easily readable at a 6th grade
               | level.
               | 
               | The second statement is more a statement of values. Some
               | people (such as myself) find it problematic that the
               | average adult can't read/understand a book that is more
               | complex than Harry Potter.
               | 
               | You don't have to agree with the second statement. A lot
               | of people don't. But I think understanding _why_ someone
               | might find that problematic is important. Personally, I
               | think there are a lot of things worth knowing that can 't
               | be written at a 6th grade level.
        
               | trinix912 wrote:
               | If their goal is to write bestsellers, sure. That's where
               | the EUR5 leisure novels come from. OTOH, if their goal is
               | to push boundaries or be original, being subservient to
               | the desires of the customers is counterproductive.
        
               | mcnamaratw wrote:
               | Don't be a d**k. Lots of literary fiction is perfectly
               | readable for normal humans. Lots of what isn't accessible
               | is just not that enjoyable to anybody. I'm happy to
               | debate ... but only using specific examples. Authors and
               | titles.
               | 
               | The example of noise music came up elsewhere in the
               | discussion. It's an important example. Most people won't
               | ever like it. You fill the pipeline with noise music, 99%
               | of us will literally listen to anything else, or to
               | nothing. I like a little bit of it, but in general I'm
               | simply not going to acquire that taste.
        
               | antasvara wrote:
               | >Lots of literary fiction is perfectly readable for
               | normal humans. Lots of what isn't accessible is just not
               | that enjoyable to anybody.
               | 
               | The PIAAC surveys, while imperfect, indirectly address
               | what percentage of adults can read and appreciate
               | "literary fiction."
               | 
               | The first part of the definition of level 3:
               | 
               | >Adults at Level 3 are able to construct meaning across
               | larger chunks of text or perform multi-step operations in
               | order to identify and formulate responses. They can
               | identify, interpret or evaluate one or more pieces of
               | information, often employing varying levels of
               | inferencing.
               | 
               | The first part for Level 4:
               | 
               | >At level 4, adults can read long and dense texts
               | presented on multiple pages in order to complete tasks
               | that involve access, understanding, evaluation and
               | reflection about the text(s) contents and sources across
               | multiple processing cycles. Adults at this level can
               | infer what the task is asking based on complex or
               | implicit statements. Successful task completion often
               | requires the production of knowledge-based inferences.
               | 
               | The full definitions can be found here:
               | https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/piaac/measure.asp
               | 
               | Based on the full definitions, understanding the use of
               | metaphor in a longer text probably sits in Level 4. A
               | simple metaphor might sit in Level 3.
               | 
               | Based on the recent survey results, only half of US
               | adults read at Level 3 or above. Around 15% read at Level
               | 4 or above.
               | 
               | I invite you to look at this PowerPoint of sample
               | questions for each level: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t
               | &source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjJ...
               | 
               | Based on that, what level of literacy do you think
               | indicates someone capable of reading and enjoying
               | literary fiction? I think the hypothetical cutoff is
               | somewhere between Level 3 and 4.
               | 
               | Based on all of this, let's use Sally Rooney's book
               | "Normal People" as an example. If we're being super
               | charitable, at _most_ 50% of people would be able to read
               | and comprehend that book. If we 're being less charitable
               | with our definition of "comprehension," I think we're
               | probably looking at closer to 30% of people really
               | understanding it.
        
             | UncleMeat wrote:
             | Is it inaccessible? Some books are, but there is a huge
             | amount of literary fiction that follows traditional
             | narrative and is comprehensible to anybody with a high
             | school education. There are more than enough such books to
             | fill a lifetime.
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | I don't mean every work of literary fiction; only those
               | commonly regarded as difficult, like Pynchon's.
        
             | voidhorse wrote:
             | This is fundamental misunderstanding of literature.
             | 
             | This is like saying to a musician: I like the melody but
             | you chose all the wrong instruments.
             | 
             | Obviously, the entire _character_ of a song depends not
             | only on the melody (idea) but also on the instruments
             | chosen, the performance, etc. (material).
             | 
             | For literary fiction, the words _are_ the material. What
             | distinguishes literary works is not merely the  "ideas"
             | they present but the _way_ in which they are presented. The
             | words are the author 's instruments, his paints. This is
             | the difference between writing/reading _for information_
             | and writing /reading as an aesthetic experience. Literary
             | fiction of course imparts information and ideas, but it is
             | predominantly about the latter experience insofar as the
             | point is the evocative expression of those ideas.
             | 
             | This is why just reading the cliff notes for a literary
             | work is missing the point.
        
               | mcnamaratw wrote:
               | "This is fundamental misunderstanding of literature"
               | 
               | No it is not. It is a central and vital part of
               | literature.
               | 
               | Wound you like to have a friendly debate, each of us
               | using quotations from any fiction writers we like?
        
               | voidhorse wrote:
               | Actually, I'd agree that "fundamental misunderstanding"
               | is too strong. Obviously there is a certain threshold of
               | comprehensibility one needs to achieve regardless of
               | whether one is pursuing aesthetic ends or informative
               | ones.
               | 
               | That said, I would stand by the assertion that reading
               | literature only for the information it imparts is missing
               | much of the point. We esteem authors not solely for their
               | plots and characters, but also for their stylistics--the
               | difference between a great writer and a passing one is
               | often little more than the well considered phrase. The
               | arrangement, use, and rhythm of words are a major
               | component in a literary work.
               | 
               | My point is that asking a writer to "express it more
               | simply or more accessibly" may in many cases amount to
               | asking them to butcher the stylistics that they felt
               | achieved the highest aesthetic quality for the kind of
               | work they wanted to produce.
               | 
               | If one is given a business briefing it is probably the
               | apex of reason to ask a writer to simplify. Are there
               | cases in which this or that phrase in a literary work
               | would benefit from simplification? Yes, but to ask an
               | author to simplify their _entire aesthetic approach_
               | generally, really seems to me to fail to have appreciated
               | a large part of what distinguishes literature from basic
               | expository writing.
        
               | mcnamaratw wrote:
               | Maybe we agree, maybe we disagree. You got specific works
               | and authors? That would help a lot.
        
               | voidhorse wrote:
               | Sure, here are some of my favorites:
               | 
               | Faulkner, Thomas Bernhard, John Barth, Henry James,
               | Herman Melville, Fleur Jaeggy, Dostoyevsky, Marguerite
               | Duras, Poe, Hawthorne, Rosemarie Waldrop, Kraznahokai,
               | 
               | These are just a couple that came to mind. Among them,
               | probably Waldrop, Jaeggy, and Bernhard are the most
               | experimental, but I would argue that none of them
               | aesthetically speaking write books that are simple, and I
               | don't think I could argue that any of them should have
               | simplified their themes or style or general employment of
               | language to be more accessible.
               | 
               | Kraznahorkai and Bernhard are great examples. Are walls
               | of text without paragraph breaks harder to read? Yes. But
               | this is an important aesthetic choice. In both cases (all
               | of bernard, melancholy of resistance for Kraz) it speaks
               | to an overbearing oppressiveness that ties directly into
               | their thematics. If you missed this I think you missed
               | out an essential point of their aesthetic and what they
               | were trying to say. We cannot sever form and content.
               | This is why I think it's absurd to complain that
               | someone's work is "not accessible" --its really silly to
               | demand any sort of aesthetic capitulation on the part of
               | any artist, literary or otherwise, in the first place.
               | 
               | Edit: Faulkner is another good example that's less
               | experimental. I'm sure some readers would have found _As
               | I lay Dying_ or _The Sound and the Fury_ more accessible
               | if a narrator mediated between the various first person
               | voices he presents, but this would so drastically change
               | the aesthetic character of these works that I doubt you
               | 'd be able to claim they aren't essentially different and
               | would not be equivalent pieces of art.
        
         | awongh wrote:
         | There's nothing more effective than a piece of fiction at
         | transmitting the subtle complete world-view ideas of an author
         | directly into your brain.
         | 
         | I mean that in the sense that non-fiction is still very much
         | fictionally presenting a world view of the author or the
         | subject, but in a way that's bounded by real facts. Literary
         | fiction doesn't have that constraint.
         | 
         | Human history and society is actually made up of ideas and by
         | taking 2-300 pages to digest a set of ideas you come away with
         | a new perspective you can't get any other way.
        
           | drakonka wrote:
           | Fiction is alive and well. This article is specifically about
           | the decline of literary fiction.
           | 
           | I think people simply realize how boring and pretentious much
           | of contemporary literary fiction is; many choose to go pick
           | up a science fiction, or thriller, or even romance novel that
           | can convery all the same ideas in more interesting and
           | accessible ways.
        
             | awongh wrote:
             | I think it's pretentious too, but I also think it's a
             | useful distinction in the sense that the category aspires
             | to deeper and broader ideas than a lot of fiction- Harry
             | Potter, Hyperion, Dennis Taylor, We Are Legion, Twilight.
             | 
             | Not to say that the distinction itself, literary vs non-
             | literary fiction, isn't extremely pretentious. But we all
             | recognize that some book's ideas are more shallow than
             | others.
        
         | LordShredda wrote:
         | It's fun
        
         | mcnamaratw wrote:
         | What is that stuff? Is Kurt Vonnegut that stuff?
         | 
         | Folks, downvoting the comment above is literally destroying
         | what you claim to support.
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | > Books like Pride and Prejudice, War and Peace, The Brothers
       | Karamazov, etc still sell many thousands of copies every year,
       | more than even big hits in contemporary literary fiction.
       | 
       | I think the author skips past the real answer right here. The old
       | books haven't gone away. Even if we assume there are good new
       | books, they have to compete with the supply of existing books,
       | which grows without bound - unlike the time and attention of
       | consumers.
       | 
       | Every form of media has this problem. A human lifetime can only
       | consume so many books, so many films, so many hours of music. A
       | new movie comes out: what are the odds of it being more worth
       | your while than one on the existing IMDb Top 1000? Decreasing.
       | 
       | Books are no different. What are the odds that something new is
       | going to displace something existing off the shortlist of greats
       | that you already don't have time to read?
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | > I think the author skips past the real answer right here. The
         | old books haven't gone away. Even if we assume there are good
         | new books, they have to compete with the supply of existing
         | books, which grows without bound - unlike the time and
         | attention of consumers.
         | 
         | That's a real phenomenon in music. New works have to compete
         | with the entire body of existing work, some of which is pretty
         | good.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | And movies and TV. Why try some random new stuff when any of
           | the classic movies is both guaranteed to be good and probably
           | available for free from the library's DVD collection?
        
             | sdenton4 wrote:
             | Relevance!
             | 
             | eg: What's it like to be a teenager alongside the rise of
             | AI? It's a hell of a lot different than the old sci-fi
             | imagines, and old sci-fi generally skipped to the 'end-
             | phase-ubiquitous-AGI' instead of focusing on the
             | transitionary 'awkward teenage' period of the technology.
        
           | whstl wrote:
           | True, but I'd say it's worse for books than for music.
           | 
           | For music there's still plenty of network effects in favor of
           | new music... things like live concerts, radio and DJs playing
           | the latest stuff, playlists that make actual money being all
           | about new stuff, younger people wanting to connect to their
           | own generation, pop culture enthusiasts always chasing the
           | "new thing".
           | 
           | Sure there are oldies stations and DJs and listeners
           | rediscovering vintage stuff, but network effects for books
           | are rarer, there's not that many Dan Browns anymore.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | On the other hand, music is arguably more timeless, in that
             | the contents of lyrics is less crucial for the enjoyment of
             | music.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | To note, books have a different networks: they can get
             | movie/TV/game adaptions and get pushed to the news
             | forefront, their author can also play the SNS game.
             | 
             | There's still no Spotlight for books, and I'm with you how
             | tougher than other media it is.
        
         | golol wrote:
         | I would say every genre of media has this problem. A form of
         | media might exist for thousands of years, but genre and fashion
         | always evolve in new directions, because what's the point of
         | creating more of what exists already.
        
           | jay_kyburz wrote:
           | Video Games were immune for a while because technology was
           | changing so fast, but in the last decade or so its become
           | really clear players don't care nearly as much about graphics
           | as they used to.
           | 
           | People will quite happily pickup and play games from many
           | years ago. Many of my teenage kids favourite games were made
           | before they were born.
        
             | taormina wrote:
             | Well, graphics plateaued and then we started to remember
             | that fun and highest fidelity graphics don't necessarily
             | have anything to do with each other.
        
         | eviks wrote:
         | > A new movie comes out: what are the odds of it being more
         | worth your while than one on the existing IMDb Top 1000?
         | Decreasing
         | 
         | Not really? This is a rather "mechanical" view missing the
         | bigger social part - for example, a big part of that worth is
         | the social conversation, and the chances of your friends to
         | watch that new movie vs the top 1000 isn't decreasing.
         | 
         | Also there is this factor of new films being able to
         | incorporate "current" events which old films can't, and that's
         | another factor of worth that's not decreasing with time
        
           | citizenpaul wrote:
           | >bigger social part
           | 
           | Perhaps the "bigger" social part is what is missing. I've
           | found I stop reading books or watching movies now days all
           | the time. It seems like no media/author can resists SHOVING
           | their micro-politic issue down your throat rather than simply
           | presenting it as part of a story that you digest.
           | 
           | Its not that the social parts are missing. Its that there are
           | 1,000,000 competing social issues and everyone is trying to
           | make theirs heard.
           | 
           | I'm not sure if its the creator's or the publishing companies
           | watering things down. Either way someone is doing it
           | intentionally. No book where the prominent theme is is a
           | micro politic will ever stand the test of time, or even gain
           | a significant following.
        
             | nottorp wrote:
             | > It seems like no media/author can resists SHOVING their
             | micro-politic issue down your throat rather than simply
             | presenting it as part of a story that you digest.
             | 
             | That may say something about the declining quality of
             | writing.
             | 
             | You have to be a real pro to write propaganda for any topic
             | that is also good literature. But most people are not Jack
             | London :)
        
               | voidhorse wrote:
               | I think it's due to a general decline into literalness.
               | 
               | I'm not sure which came first: audiences that no longer
               | understand symbolism, metaphor, allegory, or writers who
               | no longer use it. In any case, all of these things are
               | basically completely absent from any modern piece of
               | mainstream media. Wherever there's an attempt, it's
               | decidedly conspicuous. There's little nuance and
               | subtlety.
        
               | citizenpaul wrote:
               | >That may say something about the declining quality of
               | writing.
               | 
               | It might but I'm not sure its all of the story.
               | 
               | I know how business and money works. I can say for sure
               | there are forces out there saying. "Our focus group
               | didn't understand this, make the message POP
               | more,more,more" To writers/producers before they are
               | willing to cut a check.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Well if it works for the movie industry why wouldn't it
               | work for "literature" too...
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | I've found I've stopped watching TV or movies or reading
             | written fiction, but it's because fiction in general has
             | ceased to do something for me. It's as if there's a willing
             | suspension of disbelief needed that I can no longer muster.
             | Fiction comes across to me as inherently false. This seems
             | to transcend the particular political position taken, if
             | any.
        
               | pomian wrote:
               | It could be that reality is more "exciting" than any
               | fiction, and your mind can't handle any more.
        
         | pseudocomposer wrote:
         | This is all built on an assumption that arts/media can all be
         | strictly ranked "best" to "worst." There are a million metrics
         | by which we might try to measure it, but well... that's just
         | not how art works. Thinking this way indicates a fundamental
         | lack of understanding of what art is. Probably one of the most
         | important metrics is "relevance to, and effect on, the state of
         | the world as it is right now." And pretty much any arbitrary
         | "1000 best" list is not going to take that into account.
         | 
         | That's why people listen to Chappell Roan, and near-
         | instinctively belt her songs out out after a few drinks,
         | instead of Beethoven symphonies or Mozart operas, even if the
         | latter may be "superior" in nearly every measurable way. Part
         | of art is how it speaks to the listener. In fact... I might
         | argue that that's all of art, with metrics about it being an
         | entirely different, not-art thing.
         | 
         | (I say all this as a classical musician and senior software
         | engineer with a math background, myself.)
        
           | citizenpaul wrote:
           | The fact that you can belt out Chappel Roan drunk is pretty
           | much an objective assessment of its "worse'ness." Beethoven
           | takes many years of dedicated practice to be able to achieve
           | and you would have to be very skilled to perform it drunk.
        
             | voidhorse wrote:
             | This equates the value of art with technical difficulty,
             | which is not how most people actually evaluate art.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | I would not say that the value of art is strictly
               | equivalent to technical difficulty. But I would say that
               | there is a level of technical competence required for art
               | to be good. Something that takes no skill to create (e.g.
               | that absurd banana duct taped to a wall "piece") is not
               | good art, if indeed it can be called art at all.
        
               | Avicebron wrote:
               | The fact that people still talk about it and ridicule it
               | 6 years after it was created, and it lives on in the
               | cultural zeitgeist as that, makes it good art. It's
               | literally called Comedian.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | This guy
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Ducham
               | p
               | 
               | killed off the argument that "X isn't art" for all X.
        
               | 65 wrote:
               | I would argue art is not about how "good" it is, but
               | rather how it makes you feel. And the duct tape banana,
               | just by referencing it, is successful in making you feel
               | something.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | A friend of the family gave my son a guitar a while back
               | and more recently tried to get him to play _Sugar
               | Mountain_ by Neil Young. He worked at it pretty hard and
               | struggled with it because even though it is simple it has
               | to be played with great precision to sound good. Then he
               | discovered grunge and bar chords and had a breakthrough
               | with _The Day I Tried to Live_ by Soundgarden and
               | _Rooster_ by Alice in Chains.
               | 
               | Now he's looking for good songs he can play and that's
               | gotten him into David Bowie songs from _The Rise and Fall
               | of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars_. For a long
               | time I thought of David Bowie as one of those classically
               | trained musicians like Frank Zappa who played rock
               | because it had commercial potential, but he found many
               | songs on that album to be great songs that were within
               | his reach. Now when we have houseguests who say they like
               | Rush he will be able to play the chorus of a few songs in
               | 24 hours and he 's building instruments like a Guitar-
               | harp-ukulele (fretless guitar with two bridges, one of
               | which has a harp section) and he's asking me about the
               | physics to build a bass guitar tuned an octave or two
               | below a regular bass guitar.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | When trying to learn the guitar I fell in love with Santa
               | Monica by Everclear, and Go With The Flow by Queens Of
               | The Stone Age.
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | > he's asking me about the physics to build a bass guitar
               | tuned an octave or two below a regular bass guitar.
               | 
               | I barely know anything about music, and probably less
               | about guitars, but if he can do barre chords, then you
               | can try to build a simple capo with him, since he might
               | readily grasp the utility of having a clamp that
               | essentially gives you another hand on that side of the
               | guitar.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | He's been experimenting with clamps, he has one for the
               | fretless guitar section of the guitar-ukulele.
               | 
               | As for the electric quadro- or octo-bass the variables
               | you can tweak are:                  * length        *
               | mass/length        * tension
               | 
               | There's some limit to how long you make the strings or
               | you can't play it or otherwise you need something to
               | extend your reach like the levers on the octobass. The
               | other two are inside a square root which is not in your
               | favor. Probably the easy thing to do is find some really
               | heavy strings for a normal bass and see how low you can
               | get the tension.
               | 
               | But really he's the one to build things. Back when I was
               | in physics they kept trying to get me to do experiment
               | rather than theory, if I have any regret it is that if I
               | had studied experiment I'd be able to build all the
               | things that my son wanted to build but, hey, he can build
               | those things now.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | There was once a company making a bass ukulele with inch-
               | thick polymer strings. Playing them was kind of
               | hilarious, and would be fun to see it scaled up to the
               | size of an actual bass guitar... Probably someone has
               | done it...
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | Life is the ultimate test. We see ourselves reflected in
               | the eyes of others. There may be nothing more humbling
               | than being confronted with our own ignorance, except when
               | we have an audience.
               | 
               | I guess once the strings are too loose, then they can't
               | vibrate consistently enough for long enough to be
               | tunable/playable? I am wondering if a kind of lap guitar
               | or a guitar laid flat might allow for pedals to be used
               | that could bisect the strings to do octave changes upward
               | in pitch. Going downward in pitch from an open position
               | is going to be hard unless you have some excess tunable
               | string beyond the last point of contact with the strings,
               | and that contact could be released to increase the string
               | length?.
               | 
               | You might be able to find an 8 string bass, and have two
               | different string gauges. The top four could be heavier
               | gauge and tuned at a lower octave. Or you could alternate
               | gauges and silence the strings? I don't know much about
               | playing technique, but it sounds like it might be hard to
               | build in such a way so idiomatic playing technique and
               | style is preserved, but many alternate tuning methods and
               | tools do affect how the guitar is played, so that may not
               | be such a big deal if he's the only one playing it, but
               | if he wants the mechanics to translate to playing other
               | guitars, those concerns might be more relevant.
               | 
               | It might also be possible to teach him how to build
               | simple guitar pedals, which can easily pitch bend in
               | post-processing once you know how the parts fit
               | conceptually together.
               | 
               | Your guitar projects sound interesting and would be a
               | good post for HN if you can find the time.
        
             | pseudocomposer wrote:
             | To be clear: I _have_ spent the years to memorize and be
             | able to perform a few Beethoven sonatas (not to mention the
             | years required to even get to that point). I can also play
             | them drunk (though not as cleanly, and wouldn 't do that in
             | any paid/professional performance situation). I literally
             | did this sort of thing for a living before deciding to use
             | my CS/Math degree to be able to better provide for my
             | family (https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonlatane/).
             | 
             | And _none of that_ makes Beethoven  "better" than Chappell
             | Roan. Because there is no objective assessment of
             | "better/worse"ness in art. That's not how art works, or
             | what art is.
             | 
             | On the other had, your inability to correctly spell the
             | name of an influential contemporary artist, with 40+M
             | listeners per month, replying to a comment that did
             | correctly spell her name, _is_ a pretty objective reason to
             | not trust anything you have to say about art (or, perhaps,
             | much else, at least until you address whatever underlying
             | issues /pathologies have you thinking this way).
             | 
             | Perhaps this will offer you some perspective: back when I
             | did music for a living, I often _did_ think this way. I
             | thought most contemporary music was trash if it didn 't
             | offer the harmonic or contrapuntal complexity of classical,
             | or even jazz. Really, being a young man from a poor
             | background, I believe it was more a survival instinct
             | (trying to gaslight myself and others into measuring me as
             | "good enough" for gigs). It nearly ruined music for me,
             | though. It required me being dishonest with myself about
             | what I really enjoyed. Letting all that go has been a
             | multi-decade process, and it's made me a much more well-
             | adjusted individual. It also applies in many ways to the
             | software world (as long as you stay out of
             | Google-/Meta-/Oracle-type bigtech misery-inducing rat
             | races).
        
               | citizenpaul wrote:
               | > there is no objective assessment of "better/worse"ness
               | in art. That's not how art works, or what art is.
               | 
               | You've been fooled by the rent seeking class.
        
               | crq-yml wrote:
               | Precisely the opposite. Rent-seekers eagerly invite
               | comparison for purposes of valuation, and push the lens
               | of art towards technical and political measurements. When
               | a work is _incomparable in the way in which it achieves
               | verisimilitude_ it is escaping this system.
        
               | citizenpaul wrote:
               | You are basically talking about the part where the system
               | is so broken or rent captured that the only way out is
               | through the bottom. Sure, but that doesn't make it good
               | automatically.
        
               | mathgeek wrote:
               | Agreed here. Every time my kids bring up tier list
               | rankings I have to again explain this to them.
        
               | dbalatero wrote:
               | Is there an article (so you don't have to write an essay)
               | that explains what you mean here? I don't think I'm
               | familiar with the short hand point you're making here. I
               | understand the terms rent seeking and familiar with the
               | argument made in the quote fwiw.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | There's art that moves you, or does not move you. That's
               | the measure that matters most in your unique and finite
               | life. You get to choose for yourself what to spend your
               | time on, objectivity be damned.
        
             | whstl wrote:
             | Man, you should go to an open air classical concert in
             | Europe sometime.
             | 
             | Sure we are just quietly getting shitfaced for most of it
             | but if they play Ode to Joy you can be certain that the
             | 10000 drunks in Waldbuhne will belt it.
             | 
             | Also not Beethoven but I'm pretty sure some violins will
             | get broken if they don't play Berliner Luft here in town.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | Like how it's probably law in the UK that any classical
               | concert with a large crowd in attendance must end with
               | Jerusalem for a good ol singalong, or else they tar and
               | feather the conductor.
        
             | EdwardDiego wrote:
             | I can belt out (and am known to occasionally do so when
             | walking home from the pub solo) Ein Schwan by Grieg (in the
             | German, didn't learn the Norwegian version) and Ave Verum
             | Corpus by Byrd while drunk, so you're saying these two
             | pieces suck?
             | 
             | (I also like to throw the occasional Magnificat or Nunc
             | Dimittis to mix it up. As you can tell, I'm a reformed
             | choir boy. Oh, and Jerusalem by Parry/Blake is custom
             | designed for drunken singalongs.)
             | 
             | I beg you to listen to the first two pieces and perhaps
             | reconsider your chosen metric.
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/BNuT7-6zBds?si=fbyim815cp6tiD4R
             | 
             | https://youtube.com/watch?v=R3vuU7XAaUM
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | You don't need to rank strictly and linearly. An objective
           | ordering need not exist. It's enough to see that on
           | shortlists of "great" works, common themes emerge. Is _The
           | Great Gatsby_ better than _The Catcher in the Rye_? It doesn
           | 't matter. They both come with universal acclaim, and that's
           | stiff competition for anything new. Besides, are great works
           | not promoted as being timelessly relevant to the state of the
           | world?
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | Stan Lee made a comic about how he and his co-workers made
             | comics, and in one frame he says something like "How dare
             | it he say it is hackneyed? I stole it from the best classic
             | I could find!" That is, if superhero movies sell today,
             | stories about Hercules and Theseus sold 2500 years ago.
        
             | technothrasher wrote:
             | And I loved Catcher in the Rye, but not so much The Great
             | Gatsby. I've found this "shortlist" of classics that have
             | universal acclaim has always been hit or miss for me. The
             | classics I was assigned to read in high school would seem
             | to lurch from riveting to a slog to get thorough. I don't
             | blame the books, it's just what captures my particular
             | interest. Given that, I have never really used "the
             | classics" as a guarantee that I will find the reading
             | fulfilling over other, more obscure, recommendations that I
             | may receive, whether they be old books or new.
        
           | mathgeek wrote:
           | > That's why people listen to Chappell Roan, and near-
           | instinctively belt her songs out out after a few drinks,
           | instead of Beethoven symphonies or Mozart operas, even if the
           | latter may be "superior" in nearly every measurable way.
           | 
           | As someone who grew up on Looney Tunes and the like, I
           | absolutely start humming and making up words to classical
           | music far more often than anything from this century.
        
           | 65 wrote:
           | Art has no objective measure. I cannot stand classical music
           | because it has very little rhythm and emotion compared to the
           | other, more modern music I listen to. Does that make
           | classical music worse? No.
           | 
           | Just because something may have been popular in the past and
           | is now seen as "smart" e.g. the opera, books, classical
           | music, painting, does not make it better than what's popular
           | now, e.g. television, video games, and rhythmic music.
           | 
           | If anything I'd argue art has gotten significantly better and
           | more advanced over the years. I don't play many video games
           | but the combination of visual, auditory, interactivity, and
           | storytelling still blows me away.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | Very little rhythm and emotion?
             | 
             | First emotion https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=JzFi-7H9TKs
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/rVw6NRXSDhM?si=wchNK9I3RO_XJxeG
             | 
             | Rythym: let's start with the most infamous percussion
             | sequence of all time
             | https://youtu.be/wZtWAqc3qyk?si=B47DQZ1auKx53OaD
             | 
             | Unless you're listening to extremely niche heavy metal,
             | electronica, or the kind of jazz that they don't play on
             | the radio you aren't listen to anything with the skill and
             | complexity of classical. And the people who do also show up
             | to new music.
             | 
             | I don't think there is any video game that comes close in
             | depth to the Ring Cycle.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | I thought you were going to link to the incessant ominous
               | col legno (hitting the strings with the stick of the bow)
               | at the start of Holst's Mars for rhythm, so please allow
               | me to add that one to the list.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/cXOanvv4plU?si=WrIuBfmofTo6szRa
               | 
               | And as for emotion, this version of the 1812 Overture
               | always sends chills up my spine.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/uYnCCWsfx3c?si=OQEA5_JYpWn1kHFj
        
               | 65 wrote:
               | You didn't correctly read my comment.
               | 
               | > Art has no objective measure.
               | 
               | That would be emotion to _you_, not to me. You've also
               | missed this point:
               | 
               | > compared to the other, more modern music I listen to.
               | 
               | Additionally, complexity is not an accurate measure of
               | how "good" art is. But if you want to argue about
               | complexity - and this would mean total complexity, not
               | just sheer storytelling complexity, an easy refute to
               | your point is GTA V, which is arguably one of the most
               | complex pieces of art ever made.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | Art is indeed subjective, but saying classical music has no
             | emotion is a pretty controversial opinion. I've wept from
             | plenty of classical symphonies and don't know much about
             | the genre. A lot of movies just aren't the same without
             | some Hans Zimmerman or John Williams.
        
             | jmfldn wrote:
             | Depends what we mean by better. If you prefer rock music to
             | Bach then great. Enjoy! I love popular music and classical
             | for different reasons
             | 
             | But if we're talking skill, intellectual depth, craft, then
             | there are objective criteria. Take Bach, his music is like
             | a masterpiece of engineering with its unparalleled
             | compositional complexity and craftsmanship. His mastery of
             | counterpoint being but one example. His work represents a
             | pinnacle of musical architecture, establishing foundational
             | principles that profoundly influenced centuries of Western
             | music.
             | 
             | That just doesn't compare to most pop music does it?
        
           | wbl wrote:
           | Mozart can be really singable. The catalogue song, the Figaro
           | aria, etc. it's not all hell's fire burns in my heart.
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | >This is all built on an assumption that arts/media can all
           | be strictly ranked "best" to "worst."
           | 
           | Not at all. The only assumption the OP needs is that old
           | media can still appeal to modern people, at which point
           | quantity and accessibility may give it a certain advantage.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | Parent's point is not some abstract personal value problem.
           | 
           | Think about public libraries. They have limited space and
           | budget, and already abundantly hold loved classics. They'll
           | still take in some amount of new books, but when a 8 yo kid
           | goes in to decide what to read, the vast majority will be
           | older books.
        
         | bloomca wrote:
         | There is also an issue that ranking is easily available now.
         | 
         | Of course, recommendations existed in the past as well, and
         | stuff like classic literature was ranked for centuries at this
         | point, but still, I think we relied on word of mouth more.
         | 
         | Nowadays you can easily get a list of "top ..." in any area and
         | chances are high that it is all old stuff.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | I kind of think a lot of these are bought as gifts, not really
         | a thing people actually intend to read.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | It's a deep problem with music and video games. I mean, can a
         | Mario game _really_ top Super Mario World? Not to say some
         | later games aren 't fun, but _Persona 6_ could only really top
         | _Persona 5_ by being something really different, and if it was
         | different it wouldn 't be _Persona 6_.
        
           | default-kramer wrote:
           | Not so much with video games. The industry is so young that
           | most of those "classics" are actually much less fun than I
           | remember them. (Super Mario World does hold up very well
           | though.) But since you mention Persona, consider how much
           | better Persona 3 Portable is than Persona 3 FES. Game design
           | has come a long way, and I believe it still has a long way to
           | go. Not to mention the technical improvements that allow a
           | game like Uncharted to exist, which cannot be compared to any
           | 16-bit or earlier game.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | That might be true about the time period from the SNES to
             | the present but it's not clear to me that we're really
             | getting better games post the PS3.
             | 
             | I have _Persona 5 Royal_ on my mind because I am playing
             | through it now maybe a decade after I played _Persona 4
             | Golden_ on the PS Vita. I love the story, I love the art,
             | but the music isn 't up there with P4G (how can you beat
             | _Reach out_ or _Make history_?) and I think it 's a
             | disappointment as a _game_.
             | 
             | Hypothetically it matters if you develop relationships with
             | the characters and raise your social stats but practically
             | you're not required to make hard choices because you have
             | enough time to do everything -- and since the game is so
             | long you feel compelled to do it all in one playthrough
             | which stretches out the game even longer.
             | 
             | It's not so much a P5R problem as a general problem in the
             | industry. In my current playthrough status ailments, buffs,
             | debuffs and such just don't matter. That's the case for
             | most turn-based games, just as the weapons triangle ceased
             | to matter in _Fire Emblem_ games a long time ago.
             | 
             | My son and I have been thinking a lot about a "visual novel
             | + something else" game which is maybe 30 minutes - 6 hours
             | per playthrough but requires multiple playthroughs. I'd be
             | happy to have NG+, but he thinks that's cheap.
             | 
             | Dialogue has been a weak point in "interactive fiction"
             | since the beginning, maybe LLMs will change that. Fictional
             | VR games like _Sword Art Online_ and _Shangri-La Frontier_
             | have NPCs you can just talk to, I 'd love to see that in
             | real games. For now we get Meta's absurd model that you can
             | make a storefront in _Horizon Worlds_ but you need to have
             | a real person to staff it which makes sense to exactly one
             | person.
        
         | DharmaPolice wrote:
         | I agree. I've often thought about this via a thought experiment
         | : How much money would it take for you to agree not to consume
         | any new instance of a particular media type? In other words,
         | you're offered fifty thousand dollars (or some other non-
         | trivial but not outrageous amount of money) and in agreement
         | you won't read a book released after June 2025.
         | 
         | Clearly this is going to vary from person to person but I might
         | accept $50k to not read any new fiction title, but wouldn't
         | accept the same deal for video games as it's likely new
         | technology will result in some new classics in the coming years
         | - the amount of money you'd need to offer would need to be much
         | higher. Movies are somewhere in the middle.
         | 
         | This effect is self-reinforcing since at least part of the
         | value in watching a movie / reading a book / etc is the ability
         | to discuss it with other people. Not seeing any new movies
         | would reduce my ability to participate in discussions with
         | people. As less people watch new things, this becomes less of
         | an issue.
        
         | ativzzz wrote:
         | It goes beyond this. Reading is a form of entertainment. There
         | has been an explosion of new and different forms of personal
         | entertainment, so books now have to compete not just with old
         | books, but movies, video games, social media, etc etc etc
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | My car magazines have all disappeared other than Hot Rod
       | Magazine.
        
         | 7thaccount wrote:
         | To be fair, those were fun, but extremely information sparse.
         | You'd have a main story or two, some mail inbox stuff, a
         | listing of a selection of cars you probably could never afford,
         | and 35 pages of advertisements.
         | 
         | The car magazine has been replaced by forums and other online
         | tools that are likely free and vastly superior. I do miss
         | physical magazines though.
        
         | jerhewet wrote:
         | Wood-working magazines. I subscribed _because_ of the
         | advertising.
         | 
         | I can't afford Fesstools, but that doesn't mean I don't love
         | seeing / reading their ads.
         | 
         | I dropped my very long time subscription to Maximum Computing
         | when they went digital. The end of an era...
        
       | mcnamaratw wrote:
       | That's the old standby argument, and it may be right. I can't
       | really read John Barth or George Saunders the way I can read
       | Richard Russo or Lionel Shriver or Kurt Vonnegut or Michael
       | Chabon or Barbara Kingsolver. For me the experimental writers are
       | very unpleasant to actually read. David Foster Wallace is just
       | inside that frontier for me, and I can enjoy IJ. Bernard Malamud
       | was pretty dark but I could hang in. But Paul Auster ... I love
       | what nonfiction writing I've seen, but the New York trilogy is so
       | dark and Spartan it makes Joy Division look like disco.
       | 
       | Nitpick: I finally gave up on Pynchon, but is he really
       | postmodern??
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | The unpleasantness is definitely a problem. It's like the cool
         | writers want to prove they are making something challenging by
         | stripping away all of the sugarcoating that we normally love in
         | narrative (and food!). I realize that the kind of pat endings
         | that are so common in broadly popular narratives are a bit dull
         | and predictable, but they're better than watching the
         | protagonist go through the realities of life. We all have to
         | suffer the worst parts of life each day. No need to do it at
         | night too.
        
         | voidhorse wrote:
         | Right. It's just like music. Some people can appreciate noise
         | music, some people view it as just that: abrasive noise. It's a
         | matter of taste. For some, the unpleasantness is of aesthetic
         | interest and they have an aesthetic appreciation for it.
        
           | mcnamaratw wrote:
           | Great example. It is absolutely a matter of taste. Sadly
           | noise music doesn't support a lot of full-time jobs compared
           | to writing songs more or less the way the Beatles did. Which
           | was all new and stuff, but not completely foreign to what
           | Stephen Foster did.
           | 
           | We can try to reinvent writing, or we can focus on writing.
           | But one may come at the expense of the other.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | The time frame for Pynchon fits and, of course, so does the
         | style. He's postmodern.
        
       | kayodelycaon wrote:
       | My own issue with modern literary fiction is the pretension. It's
       | been shoved in my face from middle school through college.
       | Everyone writing "genre fiction" is not a Real Author.
       | 
       | Writing to be like one of the great writers of the past is
       | completely missing the point. It's one thing to follow a
       | tradition. It's another to think that tradition makes you great.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Science fiction, and related or subgenres like sci-fantasy and
       | sci-horror is just much better these days than literary fiction.
       | The literary snobs won't admit that One Hundred Years of Solitude
       | (which I read years ago and liked) could have been a scifi novel
       | placed not in historical south/central america but instead on a
       | set of planets orbiting a star 100 light years from here. If it
       | had, they wouldn't consider it 'real literature'.
       | 
       | Science fiction is more fun to read, and often more creative -
       | authors aren't limited to the sociopolitical realities of 18th
       | century South America, they can invent whatever systems they
       | like, and then the question is whether their world-building
       | skills are good enough to avoid obvious inconsistencies.
       | 
       | Yes, people are still reading - but they're reading Adrian
       | Tchaikovsky, Iain M. Banks, William Gibson, Susanna Clarke and
       | host of others who aren't limited to scenes of 'historical
       | realism' (which to be honest are often distorted pictures of
       | history that were socially acceptable to the publishing houses of
       | their day).
       | 
       | You can still read the classics - Conrad is my favorite late
       | 19th/early 20tth century author - but Lovecraft is just as worth
       | reading.
        
         | gherkinnn wrote:
         | Turning a personal preference (I like sci-fi) in to a universal
         | statement (sci-fi is more fun to read) is so unbecoming.
        
         | com2kid wrote:
         | 99% of science fiction settings are historical fiction but now
         | In Space(tm).
         | 
         | I'm not saying that is a bad thing, and some fiction explores
         | forms of government that haven't been tried on earth, and also
         | explores systems of government and commerce that may need to
         | happen on a post scarcity society. That is all good, and
         | arguably those explorations need to happen, but still most sci-
         | fi is just some portion of earth society thrown into space.
         | (Banks explores alternatives, but arguably most Gibson doesn't,
         | though I haven't read anything by him in a decade or more so
         | they may have changed).
         | 
         | This is frequently useful as it allows us to examine our
         | existing biased from an outside view. I am definitely less
         | racist/bigoted for having read science fiction.
         | 
         | As a final point, it has been noted that a lot of sci-fi has an
         | undertone of "wow isn't this benevolent monarchy great!" Which
         | is rather disturbing if you think about the implications too
         | much.
        
           | schwartzworld wrote:
           | 99% is far overstating it. SF is a wide genre with pretty
           | much every other genre inside it. At this point it's
           | infiltrated popular culture; just think how many movies and
           | shows are not billed as SF but contain SF ideas or settings.
        
             | jay_kyburz wrote:
             | I hate when my Science Fiction doesn't have any Science.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | Eh, popular sci-fi is zero sci.
               | 
               | Star Trek makes 0 effort to explore the impacts of its
               | technology on people. Some good books have been writing
               | exploring what post scarcity means, but ST in general
               | does nothing with the premise except make tea.
               | 
               | The novels that do explore a world like what ST posits
               | end up going off the rails very quickly. Fun reads,
               | people who live for eternity spend time terra forming
               | planets (why not) cloning themselves into endless bodies
               | and exploring the universe, or just becoming something
               | not human at all.
               | 
               | ST still has people dying, never mind that immortality
               | would be trivial to accomplish with that science level.
               | But that isn't the point of Star Trek.
        
             | com2kid wrote:
             | I'm of the belief that the TV and movie sci-fi are a
             | completely different genre than book sci-fi. There are
             | occasional faithful adaptations, but none of the far out
             | stuff ever gets adapted.
             | 
             | But even discarding cinema (Star Wars famously being a
             | samurai movie set in space), most sci-fi books written
             | after the golden age, are focused on societal changes and
             | people. Stories are metaphors for our world.
             | 
             | That is fine, fiction that cannot be related to rarely gets
             | read.
             | 
             | Bobiverse is a nerd's power trip fantasy. 90% of what
             | Heinlein wrote is just "external observations on sociey".
             | 
             | Even Greg Egan, who writes super hard sci-fi (his books
             | have footnotes linked to actual science papers!) has his
             | novels largely focus around societies and people (or aliens
             | that are easily related to!)
             | 
             | It has honestly been 80 or so years since science fiction
             | was mostly "here are a few poorly fleshed out people, and
             | some really damn good science!"
             | 
             | I've read a lot of those stories, they are cool and I kind
             | of miss them, but honestly almost every major plot point
             | possible was already thought up by the boards of scientists
             | turned sci-fi authors of the 1930s through 50s. An
             | occasional new story of that type makes its way out now and
             | then (some of the SCP stories are actually this in a very
             | pure form), but IMHO that genre of pure science writing
             | with minimal focus on people or society is 99.9% dead.
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | I think there is a LOT of sci-fi that doesn't try to
           | sugarcoat monarchy. I'm looking at my book shelf and don't
           | even see any that do.
        
         | exmadscientist wrote:
         | Part of it, I think, is that genre fiction simply has more
         | tools available. That lets an author do their thing a lot
         | easier, and in the hands of a master, is how you get
         | masterworks. (I decided to check _The Left Hand of Darkness_
         | off my list last week. Its introduction hits intellectually
         | heavier than the last three books I 've read put together. The
         | _introduction_. And it 's about five pages long.)
         | 
         | Of course, 90% of genre fiction is crap. (Bare minimum, I'll
         | not argue with anyone who wants to argue for more.) But we know
         | that. There's enough of it that I can find something
         | interesting to read. I can't say the same for the last 20 years
         | of literary, non-genre works. (I'll take pointers, though.)
        
           | amacbride wrote:
           | A well-known observation!
           | 
           | "Sturgeon's law (or Sturgeon's revelation) is an adage
           | stating 'ninety percent of everything is crap'."
        
           | libraryofbabel wrote:
           | Oh boy, _Left Hand of Darkness_ is a good book. And I always
           | tell people to not skip the introduction, because it is
           | brilliant. "Prediction is the business of prophets,
           | clairvoyants, and futurologists. It is not the business of
           | novelists. A novelist 's business is lying."
           | 
           | I get the feeling Ursula Le Guin could have been a pretty
           | successful realist "literary" writer if she'd chosen to. I am
           | grateful that she chose genre instead.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | I love that first chapter where the main character meets a
             | politician and says something like "I'd seen his type
             | before, was confident I'd see it again, and would probably
             | see it in hell". I must have reread that line 10x.
        
         | nottorp wrote:
         | One Hundred Years of Solitude is "magical realism" :)
         | 
         | No, you can't say it has fantasy elements. Then it wouldn't be
         | culture.
         | 
         | Marquez is great btw. Blame the critics.
        
         | vintermann wrote:
         | Yeah, I can't for the life of me see why Regency/Victorian
         | fiction or US civil war fiction wouldn't be "genre".
        
         | troupo wrote:
         | > authors aren't limited to the sociopolitical realities of
         | 18th century South America, they can invent whatever systems
         | they like, and then the question is whether their world-
         | building skills are good enough to avoid obvious
         | inconsistencies.
         | 
         | To do that authors need to very well versed in the
         | sociopolitical realities of 18th century South America, and
         | ancient China, and moden Europe, and... Most modern authors
         | couldn't be bothered to do even basic research. Or can't afford
         | to, because the pay is shit, and the deadlines are tight, and
         | you have to produce a trilogy a year just to survive.
         | 
         | I've read _a lot_ of scifi over the past few years. Most books
         | are bad rehashes of existing ideas written in an extremely poor
         | language (nouns and verbs with complete lack of adjectives and
         | adverbs, poor and nonexistent metaphors, middle-school-level
         | sentence structure etc.)
         | 
         | Fantasy books fare much better because they can easily borrow
         | and steal "sociopolitical realities" and transfer them to pages
         | wholesale.
        
       | culturthrowaway wrote:
       | Perhaps a generation+ of explicit institutional discrimination at
       | every level of the pipeline very specifically targeted against
       | the demographic that created 90% of all previously valued
       | literary fiction, played some role in its decline.
       | 
       | eg https://www.compactmag.com/article/the-vanishing-white-
       | male-...
        
         | mcnamaratw wrote:
         | Of course that's punishing, though 75% may be closer than 90%.
         | But I don't buy it as the root cause. Where is the new Susanna
         | Kaysen or Lionel Shriver or Laurie Moore or Barbara Kingsolver?
        
         | bccdee wrote:
         | > explicit institutional discrimination
         | 
         | Wild leap to a conclusion there. The article you linked makes
         | some similarly strange leaps, based apparently on poor reading
         | comprehension:
         | 
         | > A baffling New York Times op-ed ("The Disappearance of
         | Literary Men Should Worry Everyone") casually confessed to
         | systemic gender discrimination in MFA admissions. "About 60
         | percent of our applications come from women, and some cohorts
         | in our program are entirely female," lamented David Morris, a
         | creative writing professor at UNLV[.]
         | 
         | That's not discrimination? The fact that men are not applying
         | as often as women does not imply that men are actively being
         | kept out--in fact, quite the opposite. Men are not even asking
         | to be let in. The rest of the NYT op-end goes on to point out
         | the ways in which men being underrepresented in literary
         | circles parallels their underrepresentation in the rest of
         | academia:
         | 
         | > In recent decades, young men have regressed educationally,
         | emotionally and culturally. Among women matriculating at four-
         | year public colleges, about half will graduate four years
         | later; for men the rate is under 40 percent.
         | 
         | If men are dropping out at higher rates and are less
         | represented in liberal arts programs, it's absurd to leap to
         | the question, "who is doing this to men." That's a very
         | grievance-oriented mentality. The real question is simply, "why
         | is this happening," and a cursory investigation will indicate
         | that the most likely answer is, men simply choose to avoid
         | pursuits they perceive as feminine. As the number of female
         | participants in a college major rises, men stop wanting to take
         | it.
         | 
         | > "There was really only one variable where I found an effect,
         | and that was the proportion of women already enrolled in vet
         | med schools... So a young male student says he's going to visit
         | a school and when he sees a classroom with a lot of women he
         | changes his choice of graduate school. That's what the findings
         | indicate.... what's really driving feminization of the field is
         | 'preemptive flight'--men not applying because of women's
         | increasing enrollment." - Dr. Anne Lincoln
         | 
         | > For every 1% increase in the proportion of women in the
         | student body, 1.7 fewer men applied. One more woman applying
         | was a greater deterrent than $1000 in extra tuition!
         | 
         | https://celestemdavis.substack.com/p/why-boys-dont-go-to-col...
         | 
         | As tempting as it may be to cry discrimination, there's really
         | no evidence of that. The decline in popular male writers is
         | most likely a product of the same cultural forces that caused a
         | decline in male veterinarians. Women started doing it more
         | often, and men decided they wanted to go somewhere with less
         | female competition.
        
         | libraryofbabel wrote:
         | TFA starts with the sentence "Recently, there has been a lot of
         | talk about the "decline of the literary (straight) (white)
         | male" and then goes on to explore that with much more nuance,
         | as well as many other factors.
        
       | ang_cire wrote:
       | This is a really good analysis article. Thank you for posting it.
       | I think the critic vs consumer decoupling rings true to me, and
       | this is obviously the worst economy to exist in as a "struggling"
       | anything.
       | 
       | There are a lot of industries that are struggling right now to
       | figure out how to re-monetize independent from large corporations
       | (like magazines/ publishers/ movies/ etc) because those
       | corporations are cutting out anyone not already hugely
       | profitable.
       | 
       | I feel like whatever solution we eventually land on to
       | 'democratize' media funding will also be a good solution to our
       | FOSS funding problem.
        
       | amanaplanacanal wrote:
       | I'll toss two theories into the pool:
       | 
       | The rising tide of anti-intellectualism.
       | 
       | The decline of humanities education in favor of stem education.
       | This has both economic drivers and national security drivers.
        
         | voidhorse wrote:
         | I think these are factors to the extent that one sort of
         | _needs_ formal training and schooling in the historical
         | development of the form to appreciate experimental and more
         | contemporary work. The same can generally be said about visual
         | art.
         | 
         | Because of that, yeah, hyper-specialization in schooling and a
         | general movement toward stem means that a lot of people don't
         | actually acquire the requisite background to engage with and
         | appreciate modern work in a sufficient way--just like someone
         | untrained in computing probably would not have an easy time
         | understanding or appreciating significant breakthroughs in
         | computer science.
        
         | whstl wrote:
         | This remind me of something. In music criticism there are two
         | terms, Rockism and Popism.
         | 
         | I feel like the intial drive against "Rockism" was to embrace
         | different subcultures, like punk and post-punk, but later the
         | result was "Popism", which became its own kind of orthodoxy,
         | pushing critics into treating label-engineered chart pop as
         | deep just because it's popular or polished.
         | 
         | Back when I was a journalism student wanting to work in music
         | in the early 2000s I used to frequent early internet hangouts
         | for critics and it was interesting to see the change happening
         | progressively, with critics increasively and progressively
         | adopting a certain air of superiority over anyone who couldn't
         | conflate popularity with genius.
         | 
         | For me the big chasm was over brazilian funk music. Sure I
         | could see it a few times as somewhat interesting, and I could
         | understand the appeal as dance music, but the old guard was
         | trying to use old arguments to push it as "descendants of
         | Kraftwerk" while the new guard was using socio-anthropological
         | arguments to defend it. The music rarely stood for itself, and
         | when it did was often on the back of previous music. I'm not
         | saying it's automatically "bad" but its positive qualities were
         | blown out of proportion by critics for me that it become
         | grating.
         | 
         | Today the internet made it all even worse, lots of "pop culture
         | centric" communities are 5% about music and 95% about the
         | personal life of artists, the TMZ-level gossip, the memes, the
         | constant fighting virtual wars with other pop-music fandoms,
         | the metacircular discussion around the fandom itself...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism
        
       | voidhorse wrote:
       | This was a great read!
       | 
       | I think the analysis of the declining pipeline is spot on. Up
       | until around 2016 or so, I was on track to try my hand at the
       | world of literary fiction--I had participated in several circles
       | in college, sat on the review board of a lit mag, joined a group
       | of writers post graduation, all just to eventually...set it
       | aside.
       | 
       | I always had a "day job" during this time, but other than that I
       | was single and had few responsibilities. This made holding a
       | typical nine to five and actually getting some writing done
       | somewhat tenable.
       | 
       | As my sphere of responsibility expanded (relationships, etc) this
       | quickly became untenable. There's only so much time in a day,
       | unfortunately, and as we continue along a career path, we're
       | incentivized to invest ever increasing amounts of time into that,
       | rather than a far-from-lucrative gamble on literary pursuits.
       | 
       | When you're able to actually make money on your literary work, it
       | establishes a virtuous circle. Writing more makes you a better
       | writer and writing more gets you paid (allowing you to support
       | those other aspects of your life). Contrast this with the modern
       | experience of desperately trying to carve out whatever time you
       | can to make at least a brief writing session happen, amidst being
       | exhausted already by the other demands on your time (your non-
       | writing job being a big one).
       | 
       | From the critical side, I think the situation is pretty much
       | analogous to that of contemporary art. The common person would
       | meet most experimental literary works with a quizzical look, just
       | as they meet most contemporary and conceptual art with the a
       | quizzical look. Artists, however, have had better success with
       | this because their objects are not generally mass produced. This
       | has allowed the critical narrowing and distance from the common
       | taste to be buoyed up economically by natural scarcity and the
       | concomitant transformation of the object into a value-holding
       | asset. That can never happen with literature, which is
       | definitionally reproduced at scale.
        
       | tolerance wrote:
       | > What made the fiction literary was it spoke the language of
       | memory, where the reader inhabited the experience of the
       | characters, and this changed how readers experienced the world
       | after. > > -- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36882341
       | 
       | People don't turn to books for this sort of experience anymore.
       | People are not "literary minded". For the average person,
       | interpolating another person's experience against their own
       | through the written word is counterintuitive if not impossible
       | and detached.
       | 
       | It takes a literary mind to _feel_ through text. Electronic media
       | of all sorts, aside from long form text displayed electronically
       | is just that; electrifying.
       | 
       | I think that the quote I pulled from motohagiography applies to
       | all writing and when we go further:
       | 
       | > Writing on the internet is participatory, impersonal,
       | performative, and anti-intimate.
       | 
       | The cultural decline of all writing becomes more obvious.
       | 
       | Anyone who cares about this sort of stuff needs to understand
       | that their brain is rewired but their spirit still craves the
       | same old stuff that it sought out for when the mind could stomach
       | total absorption in a dry block of pulp.
        
         | citizenpaul wrote:
         | > it spoke the language of memory,
         | 
         | We are living in the tower of Babel. No one speaks the same
         | "language" anymore. I truly believe this was the true metaphor
         | behind that story. Once a civilization reaches a certain level
         | of standard wealth people hyper converge on their personal
         | beliefs to the point where they can literally no longer speak
         | about other forms of personal belief or preference that
         | conflicts with their own. And they no longer are coerced into
         | going along with another belief system (compromise) due to
         | economic need from the majority. At that point the civilization
         | unravels due to lack of coherent direction.
         | 
         | Look at all the arguments about definitions of clearly defined
         | words in modern politics.
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | Even so, mass media today is better posed to present a shared
           | language.
           | 
           | I'd go as far as to think that there is a shared language in
           | society today, but it's more like athletes jawing off amongst
           | each other than something like what we expect the effects of
           | culture and art to be.
        
             | citizenpaul wrote:
             | Tech doesn't change human nature. We are still the same as
             | 100,000 years ago without tech.
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | In my original comment, I said that I believe that our
               | brains are rewired but our spirits still crave the same
               | things as before.
               | 
               | Tech changes the actions and reasonings behind how our
               | nature is exercised, at the material level.
               | 
               | Now, if you don't believe in the material/immaterial
               | dichotomy that typifies man then what I'm saying may not
               | register.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if this applies to you, but either way I'm
               | curious what made you make the claim that took us in this
               | direction because it's apparent that you've noticed a
               | logical step that I was only aware of subconsciously.
               | 
               | Thanks.
        
         | mcnamaratw wrote:
         | Then why is Kurt Vonnegut still so popular?
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | He isn't, and I won't be convinced that he is until Supreme
           | puts his face on one of their shirts.
        
         | voidhorse wrote:
         | I vaguely recall some sociology and media theory strands that
         | make arguments similar to the quoted post--that we are entering
         | or have already entered an era of post-literacy. Our new
         | language is a language of images, (tiktok, instagram),
         | immediacy, and literalness (does anyone even understand
         | allegory anymore? Does the average piece of media ever express
         | a metaphor?). I don't have numbers on it, but my teacher
         | friends tell me that the typical student's reading
         | comprehension skills have tanked in the past few years.
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | Check these out:
           | 
           | https://patch.com/connecticut/across-ct/hartford-grad-
           | sues-s...
           | 
           | https://kittenbeloved.substack.com/p/mass-literacy-isnt
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | It's not just reading comprehension, it's the imagination
           | that goes with it.
           | 
           | Text is active. It triggers the imagination. Visual imagery -
           | especially electronic imagery - is consumed passively. What
           | you see is what you get.
           | 
           | Especially with Gen Z, there's been a catastrophic collapse
           | in the public's ability to imagine anything that hasn't been
           | pre-digested by Hollywood movies, video games, D&D, and
           | anime.
           | 
           | It's the same stock imagery over and over and over.
           | 
           | Older culture is "boring" because it doesn't follow the
           | standard tropes, and that makes it incomprehensible.
           | 
           | It's a bizarre kind of deja nostalgia - the only futures that
           | can be imagined are the ones that have been imagined already.
        
             | perching_aix wrote:
             | > Older culture is "boring" because it doesn't follow the
             | standard tropes, and that makes it incomprehensible.
             | 
             | The older culture, where the tropes stem from, doesn't
             | follow the tropes? What?
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | I don't think that's what he means.
        
             | tolerance wrote:
             | I wonder if people are downvoting you in good faith because
             | I think you're on to something. My assumption is that
             | denigrating mass media and pop culture comes across as
             | "elitist".
             | 
             | Oh well. I mean, for the person who can look around and
             | feel disdain toward these things, they deserve whatever
             | shred of dignity the allegation subscribes them to.
             | 
             | "Second Order Illiteracy" is precisely what cripples
             | imagination, or the ability to perceive things beyond the
             | immediate senses. Passively consuming electronic media does
             | the heavy lifting that the literary mind achieves.
             | 
             | > It's a bizarre kind of deja nostalgia - the only futures
             | that can be imagined are the ones that have been imagined
             | already.
             | 
             | If we toss the word "capitalism" into the fray of what
             | you're saying I think this is what Mark Fisher meant by the
             | "Slow cancellation of the future".
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | Possibly the idea is just too new / people who haven't
               | seen it think it's just dunking on the young generation
               | again. But for example there's an unexpected trend on
               | social media just within the past month of a large amount
               | of Gen Z not being able to read "third person omniscient"
               | (a term I hadn't heard before but is pretty much just
               | what it sounds like; from examples appears to be how all
               | fiction I've read is written).
        
       | jtwoodhouse wrote:
       | "A good deal of literary criticism serves only to reinforce a
       | caste system which is as old as the intellectual snobbery which
       | nurtured it. No one can be as intellectually slothful as a really
       | smart person."
       | 
       | -- Stephen King
        
         | cubefox wrote:
         | Sour grapes. I've read enough of Stephen King in my youth to
         | know that he is a very skilled writer, but he only produced
         | large amounts of popular genre literature. The literature
         | equivalent of enjoyable but forgettable popcorn movies. He
         | wasn't taken seriously by literature criticism because he
         | didn't produce anything sophisticated.
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | I wonder if part of it is that culture is more fragmented. There
       | is lot more of it and it is often in other mediums. Like say TV-
       | series. So there is no need to read certain type of fiction to
       | stay on top of the recent thing...
        
       | libraryofbabel wrote:
       | I love how this article cuts right through a lot of bad trite
       | explanations for literary fiction's decline that have been pushed
       | by its adherents ("the internet made people stupid") to really
       | try and analyze the supply side and demand side factors of why
       | not many people buy contemporary literary fiction anymore.
       | 
       | His point that people still read challenging literary fiction,
       | just by dead people, also seems an important one (see HN's recent
       | discussions of reading Ulysses) and rather damning for
       | contemporary literary novelists. So is the point that many good
       | writers who wanted to actually earn a living that way ended up
       | writing for prestige TV in the 2000s instead.
       | 
       | I do wish he'd discussed more why Sally Rooney seems to be the
       | exception, in terms of commercial success. What is it about her
       | books that's different? What did she do (or avoid doing) to
       | appeal to a wide readership?
       | 
       | Finally, he seems to draw a pretty hard boundary between literary
       | and "genre" fiction that I'm not sure always exists. Ursula Le
       | Guin is a good counterexample here.
        
         | sitkack wrote:
         | If someone likes Le Guin, they also like the writing of Toni
         | Morrison. Morrison follows a more complex but similar abstract
         | structure in her writing.
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | Iain M Banks is another example of "literary sci-fi" or
         | whatever you want to call it.
        
         | mkoubaa wrote:
         | Even the most challenging work of fiction wasn't challenging to
         | an 18 year old contemporary reader of average intelligence. The
         | fact that in order to appreciate these works in present day
         | requires more intellectualism doesn't actually say anything
         | about the works themselves.
        
         | sdenton4 wrote:
         | Something hinted at in the essay is what I consider a funnel
         | effect. If you have N people starting on some project, N/2 will
         | get distracted after a while, some proportion of those who
         | remain will just suck, some smaller proportion will be OK, and
         | so on until you manage to find a few real geniuses. If you
         | shrink the size of the funnel, you get less geniuses.
         | 
         | An important part of having a large funnel is giving people a
         | way to really spend their time doing the thing. For example,
         | writing short stories for magazines was once a reasonable way
         | to support yourself for a few years as a young writer, and led
         | to a very large funnel. Take away that infrastructure for young
         | writers, and you get a smaller funnel, and an attrition in
         | quality of the best work.
         | 
         | (Now, consider what happens 10-20 years after we stop hiring
         | new grads for programming jobs...)
        
       | pclmulqdq wrote:
       | People seem to forget that many of the books we find to be
       | "literary" today were 1800s smut. These were commercial successes
       | in their time, and weren't considered "highbrow," that was just
       | what people read. Dismissing all of the books people read today
       | as "genre" and not literary is the problem.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | Interesting idea. Literary fiction never actually existed; it's
         | an artificial construct.
         | 
         | I'd really love some professors to analyze a furry solarpunk
         | story I wrote and dig through the symbolism like Virginia Woolf
         | wrote it.
         | 
         | It would be interesting to see if a random internet dog's
         | scribblings can provide just as much content for discussion.
         | From what other people have told me, it does.
        
         | api wrote:
         | Literary is a genre. Like all genres it has its popular tropes,
         | fandom, cliches, etc.
         | 
         | A long time ago someone on a forum described a new lit fic book
         | as a "TOBADNY" -- a "trendy overhyped book about dysfunctional
         | New Yorkers." I LOLed and then realized this was totally the
         | case and that this was a popular lit fic trope.
        
       | perching_aix wrote:
       | I don't know what could possibly make me read books. Reading is a
       | chore, and not very efficient at the best of times. There's also
       | the eye strain and the neck pain, and comfort in general. Best
       | would be to read from bed, but bed is for sleepy time, a hard
       | earned lesson.
       | 
       | But that's just me. Here's why I think books are no longer being
       | read in general.
       | 
       | It's simply a format that time has moved on from. First came the
       | radio, but radio wasn't gonna compete with books. Radio was
       | succeeded by television though, and that sure could, but
       | television is presently being succeeded by the internet, with TV
       | companies desperate for any remaining attention, attention that
       | they keep bleeding.
       | 
       | All this time the format has failed to find a foothold, and carve
       | out its stay. You may discover that this is not universally true
       | across the world, such as in Japan, where light novels are
       | decently popular. It has its own place, but in the Western world,
       | the only reliable place books have is in the classroom. I
       | stipulate that the reason you see a prominently female readership
       | is for the same reason: girls are (were?) taught in school that
       | they're the more artsy type, that humanities should interest them
       | more, and so they proceed(ed) to take that on the chin. Fast
       | forward a few decades, and there you go.
       | 
       | The same applies for all other foregone forms of art. Theater?
       | Opera? Ballet? Classical music performances? _You 'd have to pay
       | or coerce me_ to attend these. Where I live, all the institutions
       | hosting these are living off of government money, as they're
       | simply unable to sustain themselves otherwise. People just don't
       | care. The shows put on are basically live-action museum
       | exhibitions. Although I guess even museums should be included in
       | this list. Modern audiences are simply completely out of tune
       | with these, they are an exercise in anachronism. And until the
       | communities behind these continue to hammer in their formal
       | position in art over their actual one, rather than try to connect
       | with said modern audiences, this trend will continue. That is
       | assuming such a connection is even possible still at this point.
        
         | 7thaccount wrote:
         | Plenty of people still read and read a lot. I also have other
         | hobbies, but I don't think it's going away. There are more
         | books being published than ever before. There are also genres
         | like science fiction and fantasy that are HUGE now and were
         | once much smaller.
        
           | perching_aix wrote:
           | I mean happy for you, but that's a bit of a non sequitur,
           | isn't it? The thread we're in is literally called "The
           | cultural decline of literary fiction", and none of what you
           | say is actually mutually exclusive with that.
        
       | dfedbeef wrote:
       | There are better ways to tell stories now; good story tellers are
       | doing fine.
       | 
       | The only ones left holding the bag are people who wanted
       | specifically to be 'literary fiction writers' because they have
       | some conception of what that is and why it's important to have a
       | story physically printed on paper.
        
       | unignorant wrote:
       | I really enjoyed this article but the claim of no literary
       | fiction making the Publishers Weekly yearly top 10 lists since
       | 2001 isn't really true:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishers_Weekly_list_of_best...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishers_Weekly_list_of_best...
       | 
       | It is true that there isn't that _much_ literary stuff that
       | breaks through, and the stuff that does is usually somewhat
       | crossover (e.g., All the Light We Cannot See in 2015 or Song of
       | Achilles in 2021) but it exists. These two books are shelved
       | under literary codes (though also historical). Song of Achilles
       | in particular is beautifully written and a personal favorite of
       | mine, at least among books published in recent years.
       | 
       | Then there are other works like Little Fires Everywhere and The
       | Midnight Library that I might not consider super literary but
       | nonetheless are also often considered so by book shops or
       | libraries (e.g., https://lightsailed.com/catalog/book/the-
       | midnight-library-a-... the lit fic code is FIC019000).
       | 
       | I was really surprised that Ferrante's Neapolitan series, the
       | best example (I would have thought) of recent work with both high
       | literary acclaim and popular appeal, did not actually make the
       | top 10 list for any year.
        
       | cafard wrote:
       | Is the author using Drury, Michener, and Morris West to beat up
       | on 2023? I haven't read Colleen Hoover, but I have read the
       | others, and they haven't made my must-reread list.
       | 
       | Honestly, if one takes the best-seller lists of a few arbitrary
       | years, one will find an awful lot of dross.
        
       | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
       | I've been wanting to buy a copy of Flowers for Algernon. It's
       | easy too, my local Barnes and Noble has it in stock. But it's $19
       | (in paperback!) for a book published almost 60 years ago.
        
       | mkoubaa wrote:
       | To produce a good work of fiction its important to both 1) have a
       | story to tell and 2) tell it masterfully.
       | 
       | By the time people collect enough life experience to satisfy (1)
       | they've aged out of the demographic that's willing to put in the
       | work to learn (2). This is why great writers are and will always
       | be rare. People who write slop in their 20s will either fail and
       | give up or be a victim of their success and produce more slop to
       | satisfy their audience.
        
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