[HN Gopher] Requiem for a Solar Plant
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Requiem for a Solar Plant
        
       Author : akkartik
       Score  : 126 points
       Date   : 2025-06-21 22:44 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (7goldfish.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (7goldfish.com)
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | This is a good story that taps into a lot of the systemic
       | failings in America that hinder progress. Failure of the state to
       | prioritize energy sufficiency over hypothetical mineral rights.
       | Failure of utility companies to maintain their infrastructure to
       | modern standards. Failure of governments to produce consistent
       | and predictable business environments. Failure of bureaucracy to
       | prepare creators and visionaries for success.
       | 
       | All of this results in good intentions being squandered because
       | too many entrenched entities would lose too much hypothetical
       | value on a balance sheet to just do something _better_ for
       | everyone.
        
         | Calwestjobs wrote:
         | yes, but... if youre manufacturing plant with expected
         | electricity usage, then build solar plant next / close to your
         | manufacturing facility. or municipality or water treatment
         | plant or .... build solar plant because you need electricity,
         | do not build solar plant because you need money. same as with
         | agriculture, it is nonprofit endevour, you are not getting rich
         | from corn, you are rich from corn sirup, from tortillas... (
         | unless you are bill gates and divert tax breaks / subsidies
         | away from agriculture and put them into your wallet instead,
         | worsening situation forr every person inside of US borders )
         | 
         | solo solar plant are very weird edge case which was viable only
         | because people with 20 years of schooling could not understand
         | why is solar important, (after multiple oil crises ) so govs
         | invested in this nonsense to speed up adoption. not because it
         | was sensical thing. to open eyes to people that solar is
         | working.
         | 
         | build solar as part of your corps supply chain. dollars are not
         | goal, dollars are means for better life, stronger communities,
         | better republic.
         | 
         | "Failure of the state to prioritize energy sufficiency over
         | hypothetical mineral rights. "
         | 
         | where is battery ? so no this is not about energy self
         | sufficiency, this is just pure only money endeavor. soft power
         | here is not sane. also with battery you can get order of
         | magnitude higher profit AND higher UTILITY, so there are
         | multiple bad things in that endeavor.
        
           | Calwestjobs wrote:
           | or let me say it differently, my house needs as much energy
           | to make it luxuriously comfortable in coldest of days, as my
           | neighbors house loses just thru chimney, when there is no
           | fire burning... ( he needs 50times more energy then me, but
           | he is not comfortable, he wakes up into cold house )
           | 
           | there is insanely huge gap in peoples perception of reality,
           | schooling failed many.
           | 
           | less energy i need, less energy we need to capture (new word
           | for generate), transmit, curtail, store,.... my heat pump is
           | smaller then heat pump in costcos meat refrigerator, so
           | smaller device is easier, quicker to manufacture, less
           | people, cars , cubic feet to store, transport,.... and all
           | this effect from on freaking house.
           | 
           | or hurricane, tornado, flood disables grid in my area, my
           | house will stay livable for 3 days until i have to put on
           | sweater... or today, there is heat wave predicted, at least
           | 10 people will die today,... why?
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | I'm so confused by the chimney thing, a nice wood stove
             | which I assume your neighbor is using because it's not
             | practical or possible to heat your house with a fireplace
             | can get you 70-80% efficiency and run overnight. They burn
             | clean enough that I can't tell when my neighbors
             | (presumably always) use theirs and they're directly across
             | the street. The whole neighborhood knows when I use my
             | fireplace.
             | 
             | My neighbors who heat their houses with wood (in an area
             | where you absolutely don't have to--we have gas and
             | electric at extremely reasonable prices), both have the
             | nice high efficiency stoves to take advantage of the Biden
             | tax credit and it seems to work just fine for them. Cords
             | of wood around here aren't free but damn close to it.
             | 
             | Source: I'm considering a wood stove for my garage for
             | working in the winter and they both talked my ear off about
             | their experiences.
        
           | jay_kyburz wrote:
           | The same goes for household solar. You don't put it on the
           | roof because you think you'll make money from feed in
           | tariffs, you do it to reduce your electricity bill.
           | 
           | People here in Australia expect feed in tariff to drop to
           | nothing in the next few years, but electric prices are still
           | climbing.
           | 
           | Our new government has promised battery subsidies as well, so
           | I expect batteries to take off. There is a lot of money to be
           | saved by time shifting all that sun that is wasted during the
           | day until the evening when you get home.
        
         | cavisne wrote:
         | Its a good read but are his intentions unambiguously good? He
         | had a windfall from crypto (ie contributing nothing to
         | society). Then he was desperate to avoid paying the tax he owed
         | on that windfall.
         | 
         | Is there any actual need for this Solar Farm in the middle of
         | nowhere (that was only built there because of a tax scheme)?
         | Are Texas ratepayers meant to cover the cost of the
         | interconnect in their $/Kwh instead of him?
         | 
         | Better to just pay his taxes and move on, and leave the
         | subsidies for an actual useful solar project.
         | 
         | EDIT: Oh and mineral rights are basically the original
         | cryptocurrency/memecoin, so its somewhat funny that they came
         | into play
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | These are all fair points.
           | 
           | The extra costs and limits are ostensibly because of safety.
           | Yes, I know that engineers can game the system, but they're
           | listing real reasons why the plant should shoulder the costs
           | to the larger grid.
        
         | oezi wrote:
         | As a European three things stood out for me:
         | 
         | - He didn't consult with somebody who had any experience in
         | planning such a project, but a person who - while maybe
         | personally impressive - had zero experience and started by
         | writing scripts to find suitable properties. Isn't the project
         | already doomed at this point? You are looking to invest 7m USD,
         | who will you consult for this?
         | 
         | - He wouldn't do the project unless he was able to get
         | insurance for it. The whole issue of exploring and acquiring
         | mineral rights was just to get insurance for the project. Why
         | not forego insurance? EDIT: Okay, needed insurance for
         | financing the project. I assumed the project would be financed
         | through the crypto gains.
         | 
         | - From ballpark numbers his projected cost of 1,37 USD per Watt
         | DC seems very high (~2 USD per Watt Peak AC). In Europe large
         | scale PV has reached 600 EUR / kWp so building a 4.5 MWp plant
         | should cost more like 3m USD rather than his projected 9m USD.
         | Of course 4.5 MW is small (10000 panels) so this might be part
         | of the issue.
        
           | DamonHD wrote:
           | AFAIK, because of protectionism (even pre Trump), US solar
           | _is_ much more expensive than elsewhere.
        
         | FpUser wrote:
         | >"good intentions being squandered"
         | 
         | Relying on tax credits and otherwise "optimizing" tax payments
         | and "good intentions" do not sleep well together in my opinion.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | "Gambler attempts to convert lottery ticket winnings into
           | clean energy to minimize taxes." is fine imho. It didn't work
           | out, but if it had, the outcome would've been "good" and he
           | still learned a lesson and shared with the rest of us. No
           | different than a failed startup. You win or you learn.
        
             | FpUser wrote:
             | Oh, I am in no way judging them personally. Just do not
             | bring that "we are doing it for the humanity" BS into what
             | is in an essence a pure gamble.
        
       | nick238 wrote:
       | So with mineral rights in Texas, could you just buy/lease them
       | out from under one of your rivals/enemies and just bulldoze their
       | buildings for the lulz? "Sorry, I just really needed that
       | teaspoon of dirt from under your multimillion dollar factory". I
       | guess that's the whole idea of the insurance/waivers, so do you
       | need 50% of the owners of the rights to agree?
       | 
       | Also, I heard that Texas was the best place to build things (cf.
       | Abundance by Thompson & Klein)
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | This is not only Texas. It is everywhere. It is why "real
         | estate" is a descriptive term that exists.
        
         | oezi wrote:
         | Well you need to find something to exercise the rights I would
         | assume.
         | 
         | He couldn't get insurance without a waiver. He couldn't get a
         | mortgage without insurance. So he didn't want to invest his own
         | cash exclusively.
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | Sounds like you need to bribe some people. It is Texas
       | 
       | I'm sorry. Did I say bribe? I of course meant campaign donation?
        
         | Calwestjobs wrote:
         | capital in capitalism.
        
         | dhosek wrote:
         | If you give them the money after they do the favor, it's legal,
         | the supreme court said so. Plus, apparently trump feels that
         | bribing foreign officials is essential to American
         | competitiveness so FCPA is going unenforced. Welcome to the
         | future.
        
         | giblfiz wrote:
         | Original author here, If you look a little more carefully the
         | thing that killed us was an actual physical infrastructure
         | problem. Mineral rights were a nightmare, but we were humping
         | our way thru it bit by bit.
         | 
         | Interconnection was limited because the wires they thought were
         | in the ground were not what was actually there. (well, had
         | degraded)
         | 
         | This was more of a "atoms are hard" kind of issue.
        
       | NAHWheatCracker wrote:
       | I worked for about 8 months on an internal product for doing
       | transmission studies at a large utility company. Basically, it
       | would feed a PSS/E [1] file specifying most of the transmission
       | grid into a power flow simulation software called TARA [2]. We
       | would add a few extra elements to the grid to simulate a wind or
       | solar plant. TARA would spit out all the components that would be
       | overloaded, with or without contingencies. We would read the
       | results and estimate the transmission costs.
       | 
       | Essentially, we were replicating the process that the ISOs used
       | internally. The users of this product were all former ISO
       | employees. The goal was to speed up the process of determining
       | whether transmission costs were going to ruin a project before
       | any money was spent. ISOs take months to do their analysis. The
       | users told me that they were usually looking for $0 transmission
       | upgrades on $50m+ projects.
       | 
       | The grid and contingency files from the ISOs were under
       | confidentiality agreements. This rubbed me the wrong way from a
       | competition point of view. We also had data about projects slated
       | to be built which could take away capacity from our projects.
       | 
       | I could see a SaaS in doing this sort of analysis. It's probably
       | bureaucratic between reselling TARA, NDAs, and maybe legal issues
       | if the analysis was wrong. I have doubts about the market, most
       | of the money is in big projects at big companies that are already
       | doing this sort of thing.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.siemens.com/global/en/products/energy/grid-
       | softw...
       | 
       | [2] https://power-gem.co/software/tara-software/
        
         | cwal37 wrote:
         | imo, that's basically the dirty secret of grid data, post 9/11
         | it seemed as if everything went behind the CEII wall, but in
         | reality it has always been that if you're a legacy player or
         | have the money you can make sure you have access to everything.
         | 
         | It's a thorny issue and something I ponder in my day-to-day[0].
         | We're members in ISOs where it makes sense, and can provide
         | CEII data once we've confirmed customers already have access,
         | but I would love to be able to show some of it publicly. It's
         | also odd how things vary from market to market. Transmission
         | outages: public everywhere, except ERCOT, where they're
         | considered Secure. Generator bids: anonymized and delayed by up
         | to 90 days everywhere, except ERCOT, where it's 60-days and not
         | anonymized at all (yes, ERCOT is different wrt to FERC
         | jurisdiction).
         | 
         | Years ago I worked at a market monitor[1], and we got
         | everything, just cloning the changes to ISO databases overnight
         | every day, second-by-second PI (plant information) data, it was
         | awesome. The potential advantages from data asymmetry are big
         | enough that there are multiple companies with physical sensors
         | out in the world measuring power lines in different ways to try
         | and reconstruct grid activity in real time, and then others
         | doing it entirely from access to CEII and a deep understanding
         | of how the grid function. But all of this is heavily oriented
         | towards traders, not developers, although I would use trading
         | tools when developing projects because they were the most
         | advanced.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.gridstatus.io/live
         | 
         | [1] https://potomaceconomics.com/
        
       | hackernudes wrote:
       | Quick summary: Author had money "from crypto" and wanted to
       | create a solar power plant in Texas. After dealing with
       | challenging mineral rights and health issues, interconnect fees
       | to the power company were too expensive to make the project worth
       | it.
        
         | bri3k wrote:
         | Don't forget in the middle he states that this is a tax dodge
         | on capital gains from said crypto money.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | In the same way that any business expansion is a tax dodge,
           | sure.
        
             | bri3k wrote:
             | He started out to find ways to lower his tax burden. Found
             | something with solar infrastructure in a different state.
             | Went ahead with it in spite of having no experience with
             | the local laws or infrastructure projects and wondered why
             | it failed?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I'm not shocked that it failed. But taking money that
               | would have been profit and turning it into company
               | creation/expansion is something that is taxed lower for a
               | reason.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > for a reason.
               | 
               | Yea, corruption. Tax breaks on past gains are just
               | handouts and everyone wants a handout.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > past gains
               | 
               | To focus on "past": I don't think deferring the gains for
               | a couple years is a big deal. It's not a handout because
               | he'll still be paying the same taxes if he doesn't end up
               | reinvesting the money. It just offers him some more time
               | to set up a business, instead of having to do it same-
               | year.
               | 
               | To focus on "gains": If you don't like the entire idea of
               | reinvested money not counting as profits, oh boy that's a
               | big objection, and it's not that way because of
               | corruption.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Sign me up for some interest free loans then. Deferring
               | capital gains is a huge windfall.
               | 
               | Reinvesting money getting special treatment provides zero
               | benefits to the economy. It falls under the fallacy that
               | rich people can avoid investing their fortunes, inflation
               | already makes that a nonstarter. The only result here is
               | a handout.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Business expenses are tax deductions because business
               | taxes are on profits and profits are calculated as
               | revenue minus expenses.
               | 
               | Taxing businesses on revenue rather than profits doesn't
               | work because it would bankrupt every business with slim
               | margins, which is most of them, while effectively cutting
               | taxes for the ones with the thickest margins and creating
               | a massive tax subsidy for vertical integration.
               | 
               | > It falls under the fallacy that rich people can avoid
               | investing their fortunes, inflation already makes that a
               | nonstarter.
               | 
               | If all someone cared about was avoiding inflation they
               | could just buy a stack of precious metals. Moreover, the
               | return from typical passive investments (e.g. S&P 500)
               | significantly exceeds the rate of inflation.
               | 
               | The preference for investment is as opposed to spending.
               | If inflation is at 3% and someone is getting a 10% return
               | from stocks, they can avoid real value loss while still
               | spending up to 70% of the nominal profits. But we'd
               | rather people build factories and develop new drugs and
               | technologies than buy second private jets and third
               | personal mansions.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Business expenses
               | 
               | Investment isn't a business expense.
               | 
               | > If all someone cared about was avoiding inflation they
               | could just buy a stack of precious metals.
               | 
               | Capital gains of precious metals "yield" drops you below
               | inflation.
               | 
               | > But we'd rather people build factories and develop new
               | drugs and technologies than buy second private jets and
               | third personal mansions.
               | 
               | Someone needs to do that for your hypothetical 10% S&P
               | gains. Giving handouts to wealthy people hardly
               | discourages them using a private jet, just the opposite.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Investment isn't a business expense.
               | 
               | Investment is the thing where you pay a business expense
               | today expecting a return in the future.
               | 
               | > Capital gains of precious metals "yield" drops you
               | below inflation.
               | 
               | This is a defect in the tax code. Taxing inflation as a
               | capital gain is ridiculous.
               | 
               | > Someone needs to do that for your hypothetical 10% S&P
               | gains.
               | 
               | And then those companies get a tax deduction. Or in many
               | cases they _do_ make those returns without doing those
               | things, because a lot of those companies have high
               | returns by buying off regulators to constrain competition
               | and then charging high margins to captive customers,
               | which is another thing we don 't like to promote over the
               | ones actually making productive investments.
               | 
               | > Giving handouts to wealthy people hardly discourages
               | them using a private jet, just the opposite.
               | 
               | The tax isn't deferred on the money used for personal
               | consumption.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Investment is the thing where you pay a business
               | expense today expecting a return in the future.
               | 
               | Investments like land aren't necessarily consumed. You
               | can reasonably deduct when an actual expense happens, but
               | buying steel etc to be used next year doesn't guarantee
               | it is actually used rather than sold.
               | 
               | > Taxing inflation as a capital gain is ridiculous.
               | 
               | It's a useful feature to discourage the exact wasteful
               | approach you proposed.
               | 
               | > The tax isn't deferred on the money used for personal
               | consumption.
               | 
               | Money is fungible, you hand me money to buy land and I
               | can redirect money I would have spent to buy something
               | else.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Investments like land aren't necessarily consumed. You
               | can reasonably deduct when an actual expense happens, but
               | buying steel etc to be used next year doesn't guarantee
               | it is actually used rather than sold.
               | 
               | In many cases you're buying something intending it to be
               | consumed, even if it hasn't been yet, and have to buy it
               | ahead of time because you have to get it installed or
               | connected or forged etc. before it can start being used.
               | 
               | If you then sell the steel instead of using it, the sale
               | price gets added to your income and the cost was already
               | deducted previously, so that cancels the previous
               | deduction and you're back to paying the tax on it.
               | 
               | > Money is fungible, you hand me money to buy land and I
               | can redirect money I would have spent to buy something
               | else.
               | 
               | In order to get a tax deduction for buying land to build
               | a solar farm, you have to buy land to build a solar farm.
               | You can't spend that money on something else and still
               | get that tax deduction. You can spend _other_ money on
               | something else, but the amount of money you have
               | available to spend on other things has gone down, and the
               | point is to increase your incentive to build the solar
               | farm, which it is effective in doing.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > If you then sell the steel instead of using it, the
               | sale price gets added to your income and the cost was
               | already deducted previously, so that cancels the previous
               | deduction and you're back to paying the tax on it.
               | 
               | An interest free loan means you're ahead in that
               | transaction but society is worse off when people do
               | useless things to avoid taxes.
               | 
               | > You can spend other money on something else, but the
               | amount of money you have available to spend on other
               | things has gone down
               | 
               | One can't invest all their money in any given year or one
               | lacks the ability to buy food. You also can't spend all
               | your money in a given year or you go broke.
               | 
               | Thus _both_ saving and spending are always happening and
               | the government reducing the amount of money you're
               | required to save means you can up spending. There's zero
               | meaningfully differences between piles of money here.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > An interest free loans means you're ahead in that
               | transaction.
               | 
               | Except that you had to sit on some asset in the meantime
               | instead of using it for something. Or if that asset was a
               | productive investment that yielded returns, _the
               | government_ is ahead in that transaction, because the
               | returns from investing the deferred taxes increase your
               | taxable income.
               | 
               | > One can't invest all their money in any given year or
               | one lacks the ability to buy food. You also can't spend
               | all your money in a given year or you go broke.
               | 
               | You can both invest all of your assets by taking on new
               | debt to buy food and spend all of your assets and have
               | nothing left. Both of those are things some people
               | actually do. And for people who neither spend nor invest
               | 100% of their assets, different incentives will affect
               | the proportion of each one they do.
               | 
               | > Thus both saving and spending are happening and
               | reducing the amount of money required to save means you
               | can up spending.
               | 
               | Suppose you're paying a tax rate of 33% and have access
               | to investments with a 10% return. If you have to pay the
               | tax when you get the money then if you get $100 you
               | immediately lose $33 and can only invest $67, and if you
               | get 10% interest on the $67 then you can only reinvest
               | $4.49. In other words, your compounding rate is now 6.7%
               | instead of 10% and after 10 years you'd have $128.
               | 
               | If instead you pay the tax when you spend the money, your
               | compounding rate is 10%. So if you started off with $100,
               | after 10 years you have $259 before tax and then you pay
               | a third of that in tax and get to spend $174.
               | 
               | So in one case you have the choice between spending $67
               | today or $128 in ten years, in the other case your choice
               | is between spending $67 today or $174 in ten years. That
               | increases the incentive to invest the money now and spend
               | more of it later, instead of spending it now.
               | 
               | You do then get to spend more of it later, but the extra
               | money you get to spend is value that only exists because
               | of the additional investment.
               | 
               | And then the government gets $85 in taxes in 10 years
               | instead of $33 today, i.e. it got a 10% ROI too.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Except you had
               | 
               | No, you benefited from sitting on that productive asset.
               | Getting a free stock option is still a meaningful benefit
               | even if you never case it in.
               | 
               | Further assuming the asset kept up with inflation you're
               | better off after the sale vs holding cash for that same
               | period.
               | 
               | > by taking on new debt to buy food
               | 
               | The money you got from that loan is an asset you're not
               | investing in that hypothetical. As to "spend all of your
               | assets and have nothing left" yes I mentioned going broke
               | was an option repeating what I already said isn't an
               | argument here.
               | 
               | > Suppose you ...
               | 
               | Ignoring the possibility to just spend more today and
               | also spend the same amount in 10 years is disingenuous
               | here. Especially as assuming consistent rules you also
               | benefit 10 years from now, so you get to spend more today
               | and also spend more in 10 years.
               | 
               | Really free money lets you spend more, there's no way
               | around that. Further with the US tax code nothing says
               | investments need to be in the US or capital gains ever
               | get taxed this often is a pure dead loss for US taxpayer.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > No, you benefited from sitting on that productive
               | asset. Getting a free stock option is still a meaningful
               | benefit even if you never case it in.
               | 
               | If you buy a ton of steel with no intention of ever doing
               | anything other than selling it for the same value as you
               | paid for it in a while, you haven't benefited from it and
               | have in fact cost yourself value in opportunity cost
               | because other investments return more than that.
               | 
               | If you get a free stock option and then there is a 30%
               | chance it turns out to be worth something, the government
               | benefits from the same 30% chance that you'll get money
               | from it which will then be taxable income.
               | 
               | > The money you got from that loan is an asset you're not
               | investing in that hypothetical.
               | 
               | Loan principal doesn't create net assets. You get new
               | money and new debt at the same time and they cancel.
               | 
               | > As to "spend all of your assets and have nothing left"
               | yes I mentioned going broke was an option repeating what
               | I already said isn't an argument here.
               | 
               | I took your implication to be that it was something bad
               | and so nobody would purposely do that. But people
               | purposely do it all the time. They have some money and
               | then choose to spend all of it instead of investing any
               | of it.
               | 
               | > Ignoring the possibility to just spend more today and
               | also spend the same amount in 10 years is disingenuous
               | here.
               | 
               | Even that scenario still requires the amount of
               | investment to increase. What you'd be doing is spending
               | some but not all of the taxes deferred on the amount you
               | initially invested, e.g. instead of spending $33 and
               | investing $33 you invest $37 and spend $42, and you had
               | ~$12 extra because of the taxes deferred on the $37. But
               | now you're investing $37 instead of $33, and that's the
               | minimum you could invest to get the same after-tax amount
               | in ten years because now you haven't paid the taxes yet.
               | 
               | Doing that is also more disfavored because you get better
               | returns from diverting more money to investment but the
               | benefits of immediate spending haven't increased.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > If you buy a ton of steel with no intention of ever
               | doing anything other than selling it for the same value
               | as you paid for it in a while, you haven't benefited from
               | it and have in fact cost yourself value in opportunity
               | cost because other investments return more than that.
               | 
               | Your argument was buying a productive asset useful for
               | the business. My argument is that's a prediction which
               | may be false, you suggesting no they are just randomly
               | buying steel is losing your argument upfront.
               | 
               | > Loan principal doesn't create net assets. You get new
               | money and new debt at the same time and they cancel.
               | 
               | Leverage is based on loans generating assets that can be
               | invested. It's clear your not actually arguing in good
               | faith.
        
             | chairmansteve wrote:
             | Not true. If you read the article, arguably his main
             | motivation was to avoid taxes.
             | 
             | Not that I blame him. The lesson is though, never do
             | anything just to avoid taxes. He would never have got into
             | the solar business without the tax "opportunities".
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | Investing money isn't a tax dodge
        
             | baking wrote:
             | The taxes were for capital gains on his crypto assets,
             | which is not an investment but pure speculation. The tax
             | dodge was to find an actual investment with tax credits
             | that would cover the capital gains on his speculation.
        
           | giblfiz wrote:
           | I'm the original author. I'm not sure why you got down-voted
           | for this, this was absolutely a "tax dodge". The polite term
           | is "tax mitigation strategy", I'm also not sure why this is
           | seen as an openly negative thing? The government wants a type
           | of thing done, they say "hey, we won't pay people directly to
           | do it, but we will subsidize it thru tax incentives"
           | 
           | I was like "yeah, I like that thing (solar) and think it's
           | good for the world, I will do it in return for tax
           | incentives"
           | 
           | Why exactly is that bad?
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | because there's not necessarily a demand for this site, or
             | even a personal interest -- imo this sort of incentive
             | produces worse outcomes than taxing people and farming it
             | out to the lowest bidder, at least the lowest bidder has a
             | business and reputation to maintain (thin, but not nothing)
        
             | jeffrallen wrote:
             | > Why exactly is that bad?
             | 
             | Because you could have just paid your taxes like the rest
             | of us have to. Instead you made a big drama and are asking
             | us to agree with you how unfair it all is that you have to
             | pay taxes.
        
               | zekrioca wrote:
               | What a nonsense. This is the government itself proposing
               | the subsidie to build up long term renewables, which have
               | a much more important role to local communities. Author
               | then writes about their important experiences, listing
               | important lessons and insights for future endeavours, and
               | you call it a 'drama'.
               | 
               | Tell me about your intentions without telling me about
               | your intentions.
        
             | xboxnolifes wrote:
             | Idk, there's a certain double standard that I see semi-
             | frequently. Direct subsidies and/or rebates to incentivize
             | renewable energy? Good. Tax subsidies to do the exact same
             | thing? Awful, terrible, tax avoiding scum.
             | 
             | Sometimes I wonder if any of the people who complain about
             | this bought an electric car or roof solar with tax credits
             | or rebates.
             | 
             | Or maybe its just HN anti-crypto bias.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | Not "a tax dodge", but "following the tax incentives".
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | The missing flavor: Texas mineral rights are very bizarre (they
         | dominate surface land rights, and there's no state registry of
         | them), the detailed power grid analysis completely contradicted
         | the preliminary analysis, and the costs of upgrading less than
         | 2 miles of wiring to carry 3 MW is nearly $800k.
         | 
         | I'm used to think that California is an overpriced legal
         | quagmire if you want to build something. I didn't expect Texas
         | to fare not much better.
        
       | buckle8017 wrote:
       | Ah yes the age old story of a rich guy without a clue diving into
       | a new industry and failing.
       | 
       | They should be requiring batteries with solar as well.
       | 
       | His install would have a net negative value to the Texas grid
       | without it.
        
         | Dylan16807 wrote:
         | > Ah yes the age old story of a rich guy without a clue diving
         | into a new industry and failing.
         | 
         | It's _a significantly bad thing_ if something as
         | straightforward as buying and plugging in solar panels requires
         | special knowledge to not get screwed over.
         | 
         | > His install would have a net negative value to the Texas grid
         | without it.
         | 
         | Oh come on.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | Electrical generation is a competitive market. It's the
           | expected and even desirable outcome that only the most
           | efficient producers will remain profitable. You're not just
           | plugging in solar panels; you're competing with other
           | companies to see who can plug in the solar panels more
           | cheaply.
           | 
           | And it's even plausible that ERCOT currently can't handle
           | additional PV in whatever area the Roby parcel was in without
           | adding BESS, although the person you're responding to has no
           | idea if that's true or not, since neither they nor I knows
           | where that is.
           | 
           | The conclusion in the post:
           | 
           | > _Run five projects through the process simultaneously. Most
           | will fail for reasons you cannot predict. With five, one
           | might succeed. And switching to batteries instead of solar.
           | Or at least solar plus storage._
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | I didn't even say profitable. He can't get the ability to
             | just hook up all the panels.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | He did get that ability. They just won't let him produce
               | over 3 megawatts, making the plant unprofitable. It's a
               | total clusterfuck.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | That's a really pedantic answer. He can't _properly_ hook
               | up the panels.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | That's a simply incorrect answer. BESS, simple
               | curtailment at peak hours, or angle diversity would solve
               | the problem. If he'd known the problem was coming 18
               | months ago, it wouldn't be a problem.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > That's a simply incorrect answer.
               | 
               | Okay, how small of a connection would they have to
               | restrict him to for me to be correct?
               | 
               | > BESS, simple curtailment at peak hours, or angle
               | diversity would solve the problem.
               | 
               | That much extra curtailment is a major problem. That much
               | extra angle diversity hurts output. Batteries are a
               | workaround for not being able to properly hook up the
               | panels.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | You'll have to do your own calculations based on your own
               | site data.
               | 
               | Onsite BESS permits you to not only get by with a smaller
               | hookup but also sell your energy at times when people are
               | willing to pay for it.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > You'll have to do your own calculations based on your
               | own site data.
               | 
               | I did my calculation already. It said that a 1/3 drop in
               | hookup for panels that were already hookup-constrained is
               | not a proper hookup.
               | 
               | Straightforward math.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | You're leaving out most of the relevant factors,
               | presumably because you don't know them.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | So are you.
        
           | baking wrote:
           | > Oh come on.
           | 
           | He was doing it for the tax credits. Without the tax credits,
           | this project wouldn't have come close to making sense.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | The tax credits aren't coming out of the grid somewhere
             | else. The project is a negative to tax revenue, positive to
             | the grid, and positive to CO2 levels.
        
               | baking wrote:
               | He's using the tax credits to undersell projects with
               | storage that would have been more positive for the grid.
               | Solar without storage in Texas is coal to Newcastle.
               | Subsidizing bare-bones solar is not good for the grid.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Projects with storage can take advantage of the cheaper
               | solar power by shifting their balance, installing fewer
               | panels and more storage. This leaves the grid better off
               | overall.
        
               | baking wrote:
               | Projects with storage can also take advantage of lower
               | grid connection power limits because they are not forced
               | to dump maximum power at peak supply times of the day.
        
               | giblfiz wrote:
               | Battery and and solar with battery have (nearly) the same
               | tax credit advantage.
        
               | zekrioca wrote:
               | Because they don't want to upgrade the grid, don't want
               | to compromise even in flexible cases, and want to keep
               | everything as is.
        
         | hwillis wrote:
         | > His install would have a net negative value to the Texas grid
         | without it.
         | 
         | Absolutely untrue. Solar and wind can _always_ just be
         | disconnected at any moment. Wind resources are also a huge
         | inertia source- windmill blades are massive grid stabilizers.
         | 
         | Renewable tech does not have a big coal fire they need to keep
         | at a constant temperature. How about instead of requiring
         | batteries with solar, we require coal plants to have sufficient
         | bypass cooling that they don't need the load of a grid
         | connection to stay cool.
         | 
         | Renewables are a boogeyman. The reality is simply that they are
         | always able to undercut any fossil plant and they don't like
         | that. It has fuck all to do with grid stability.
        
         | giblfiz wrote:
         | Hey, original author here.                 > Ah yes the age old
         | story of a rich guy without a clue diving into a new industry
         | and failing.
         | 
         | Yep, very much so. I was well aware that I didn't have a clue,
         | and thought that I could make up for that with professional
         | expert advice, elbow grease, a pretty good combination of tax
         | advantages, and a willingness to learn.
         | 
         | The project was intentionally limited in scale as to be a
         | "learning project" for me and the whole team. I'm also sort of
         | ok with the idea that it failed, though super frustrated with
         | the entire underlying incentive structure changing so much that
         | we can't use anything we learned to try a second time.
         | 
         | Batteries were intentionally excluded because of the additional
         | complexity overhead they added, and because the way the
         | interconnection rules are written it would have put us into a
         | different MW class which would have dramatically increased a
         | number of other bureaucracy issues.
         | 
         | You are ABSOLUTELY INCORRECT that we would have had a net
         | negative value to the Texas grid without batteries. Batteries
         | are valuable, and increasingly so, but so is raw power (even at
         | mid sun). This is reflected nicely in the hourly price charts,
         | which at this point I'm super familiar with.
        
         | zekrioca wrote:
         | Batteries are very important to reliability, but not the only
         | way to exploit solar. Not all loads are the way you think they
         | are. And it wouldn't have a net negative value to the grid (it
         | is literally free energy, I am always shocked as to why this is
         | so hard to understand) because the grid can always curtail it
         | if it impacts grid's reliability, or if it increases
         | transmissions costs beyond a certain threshold which they have
         | already calculated (as a good legalised monopoly that they
         | are).
         | 
         | You are propagating some decades old ideas which don't hold
         | anymore.
        
       | joeblubaugh wrote:
       | It's too bad that Texas' joke of an electrical grid defeated the
       | project, but I think private profit on energy generation is
       | really unlikely and produces a lot of bad incentives for plant
       | operators.
       | 
       | In California the companies also systematically under-invest in
       | capacity and maintenance, so the up-front cost of any project,
       | even single home solar can get unpredictable fast.
        
       | travisgriggs wrote:
       | Every time I learn something new about Texas, I like Texas less.
       | 
       | At least Dr Pepper comes from Texas. There's that to like.
       | Everything else just always seems upside down absurd.
        
         | spauldo wrote:
         | Try driving in Texas sometime. Roads are decent, speed limits
         | are high, but the other drivers will make you borderline
         | homicidal.
        
         | bz_bz_bz wrote:
         | I'm curious what part of this you thought was an indictment on
         | Texas.
         | 
         | ERCOT has the most generator-friendly interconnection process
         | in the nation and leads the country in both renewable
         | generation and utility-scale solar installations.
         | 
         | Mineral rights are dominant over surface rights in most
         | jurisdictions, including other states like California. To call
         | it "insane" just shows how little experience Mr. R has in land
         | development.
         | 
         | OP lost the game playing on easy mode because he was purely
         | chasing tax breaks with zero experience. The area OP is trying
         | to develop in is a QOZ for a reason; he should have expected
         | there to be upgrades necessary to delivery that level of power
         | to a substation in an area where nothing else is going on.
         | 
         | OP is actually lucky that this project failed. Expecting to get
         | the ISO-average solar PPA price for a project in Coleman County
         | is nuts. This solar farm would have lost even more money had he
         | continued.
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | This is a much better read than I expected. Normally I'd insert a
       | diatribe here about the US's anti-renewable-energy regulatory
       | regime, but the author tells the story far more persuasively and
       | compellingly than I could ever hope to.
        
       | stevenzzzzzzz wrote:
       | Many people even working in power/energy don't realize how much
       | interconnection costs are a hinderance. Example: see study group
       | DISIS-2021-001 in SPP (a grid region similar to ERCOT/Texas), a
       | good 25 % of the planned capacity was hit with an interconnection
       | cost approx > $300k/MW (which is similar to the cost of the OP).
       | 
       | Predictably, all of those projects dropped out of the
       | interconnection queue / process
       | 
       | https://www.interconnection.fyi/clusters/spp/disis-2021-001
        
       | gwern wrote:
       | One of the problems with undisclosed and thoughtless use of LLMs
       | for writing, like ChatGPT in this case, is that it undermines
       | trust.
       | 
       | Take the many quotes in this article, which all sound like
       | ChatGPT. Obviously, none of those people said those words, or
       | even anything all that like what they supposedly said, because
       | that's not what real people sound like.
       | 
       | If the author is willing to silently do that (which could be
       | uncharitably described as "lying"), why should I trust anything
       | else, like the numbers, or the factual claims?
       | 
       | Did any of this actually happen? (I note that there's not a
       | single external link or fact that an ignorant layman like myself
       | could quickly and easily verify, including the Astral Codex Ten
       | part.)
       | 
       | Incidentally, there are a lot of typos in the titles in
       | https://7goldfish.com/ .
       | 
       | > This is a much better read than I expected.
       | 
       | Hm...
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | I wonder if you're right, and if so, to what extent he used it.
         | The site does at least predate ChatGPT:
         | http://web.archive.org/web/20180316124237/http://7goldfish.c...
         | 
         | I'd expect ChatGPT to make no typographical errors in a list of
         | post titles.
        
         | giblfiz wrote:
         | Hi Gwern, I'm the owner of 7goldfish, the developer in
         | question, and a fan of yours via reputation and the occasional
         | comment I run into on Reddit.
         | 
         | First I want to acknowledge that draft one of this was LLM
         | written, by Claude, though it reflects a pretty detailed
         | outline of an experience pretty accurately. As you point out
         | the quotes from both Mr. R and myself were also mostly spat out
         | by the LLM as well (though not the quotes from external
         | entities)
         | 
         | Mr. R signed off on the draft before posting, and well, it was
         | me. I tended to think of it more as a "movie treatment" than a
         | technical post-mortem, so I wasn't really worried about it. I
         | also was only expecting this to get circulated within my own
         | small/medium sized community so, in general, wasn't really
         | worried about it.
         | 
         | That said, I definitely love using LLMs to write. To be
         | perfectly honest they write considerably better and faster than
         | I do (as you noted, lots of typo-o's and similar. I was still
         | spelling at a 6th grade level when I graduated from Uni with CS
         | degree), though I still feel like I have both ideas and
         | experiences worth sharing. If you click any of the earlier
         | stuff you will probably see the clumsy results that take about
         | 10x the time.
         | 
         | I waffle on the idea of how much disclaimer of "written via
         | LLM, but with multiple revisions and actual thought" vs "just
         | don't bother saying anything" it's worth including. I'm curious
         | if you consider having a ghost writer to be lying, or a
         | cinematic re-enactment. I notice as I say that that it sounds
         | defensive, and I want it to be a genuine question, as I share
         | your concern about living in a media world where it feels like
         | "basically nothing can be trusted".
         | 
         | For what it's worth, the numbers should be about right, though
         | there is only so much energy we were willing to spend on the
         | post-mortem. If there is some informational reason you would
         | like to get into it deeply I would be happy to share the post
         | mortem docs privately.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | Nice.
        
           | gwern wrote:
           | I think writing fiction with LLMs is fine. "based on a true
           | story" or roman a clef fiction is also fine. I would have no
           | objection to this if it were clearer that this was a "movie
           | treatment". (As LLM fiction goes, this isn't even all that
           | bad.)
           | 
           | However... Look at this HN page! Not a single person here
           | realized (before my still-downvoted comment) that this was a
           | 'movie treatment', or that the 'quotes...were also mostly
           | spat out by the LLM as well'. They all are taking it as 100%
           | gospel, and engaging with it in good faith, as if it were
           | genuinely a 'technical post-mortem' (as it takes pains to
           | present itself) instead of your fiction-writing hobby,
           | 
           | Just make it clearer that this is a fictional story.
           | 
           | > I'm curious if you consider having a ghost writer to be
           | lying, or a cinematic re-enactment
           | 
           | Yes. This is why ghost writers are supposed to be credited as
           | such if they are contributing non-trivial content rather than
           | simply serving as a amanuensis or an editor, and cinematic
           | re-enactments are flagged as such if it wouldn't be obvious
           | to a reasonable person (by reputable documentarians, anyway).
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | If the interconnection costs were such a headache, why didn't he
       | convert the solar farm to produce electricity consumed only
       | locally to mine Bitcoin?
        
         | giblfiz wrote:
         | Hey, I'm the original author here.
         | 
         | I didn't want to do BTC for two reasons: 1) I'm already WAY
         | over exposed on crypto in my portfolio 2) I consider energy
         | burn on mining to be part of a "zero sum helps no one"
         | situation. I was trying to actually do something net positive
         | for the world so didn't want to just drop more into that
         | bucket.
        
           | ur-whale wrote:
           | Hey, sorry to hear about the predicament, when business
           | collides with insane regulations, it's a very frustrating
           | thing to be caught in.
           | 
           | number 2, btc mining environmental impact, I generally
           | disagree,but I can understand the argument, however ...
           | 
           | number 1, the crypto exposure aspect                  a) what
           | prevents your from selling the BTC the moment you mine them
           | to pay for OPEX, and then invest what is leftover in tradfi?
           | b) While many on this site will violently and deeply disagree
           | in spite of being proven wrong over and over and over again
           | (the definition of insanity, etc...), I'd argue that being
           | "over-exposed to BTC" over the last 15 years has not exactly
           | been a bad thing if you can stomach the volatility.
           | 
           | And I'm very sorry to hear S'pore wasn't good to you, this is
           | one of my very favourite place on Earth (in particular the
           | food).
        
           | drewm1980 wrote:
           | It's good that you repented and at least tried to do
           | something good with the money, but it would have been even
           | better to donate it to an environmental organization with
           | better judgement than you have. Proof of work crypto mining
           | was an inexcusably bad idea for humanity from day one.
        
           | zekrioca wrote:
           | As for (2), there are so many other ways to exploit that
           | electricity. Mining Bitcoin isn't the only way. But I agree,
           | you should have considered batteries, and more flexible loads
           | into your calculations as to how to be profitable. 3MWh is
           | considerable for many usecases.
        
       | wglb wrote:
       | This is an excellent writeup. This rhymes with the complexities
       | noted in https://www.bitsaboutmoney.com/archive/why-is-that-bank-
       | bran....
       | 
       | Lots of seemingly little things that are necessary to get
       | something off the ground.
        
       | pshirshov wrote:
       | Why to shut it down instead of opening an aluminum refinery or
       | running any other industrial process with high energy
       | requirements?
        
       | compiler_queen wrote:
       | Zero sympathy from this quarter - what started as a tax dodge to,
       | let's face it, defund schools, hospitals and social security,
       | ended up as a "poor me" self-effacing blog post.
        
         | N_Lens wrote:
         | Actually I believe the money you're talking about is being used
         | to bomb many places on the planet.
        
         | mattnewton wrote:
         | tax incentives to create solar infrastructure are designed to
         | create solar infrastructure, I don't understand why it's being
         | described as a pejorative "tax dodge" when the government
         | directs funds this way rather than takes the money directly and
         | buys those things.
        
           | cauch wrote:
           | I guess tax incentives feel strange because it feels a bit
           | like a thing the government needs to do because of bad
           | behaviors.
           | 
           | As you say, the situation would be 100% identical if the
           | government was receiving directly the tax and then buying
           | these things directly. So why don't they do that? Because
           | people with money will find ways to dodge taxes anyway. Tax
           | incentives is basically admitting that people with money are
           | selfish and cheaters, and that we need to "play their game"
           | to achieve what they should normally and ethically do if they
           | were not detrimental to society.
           | 
           | Interestingly enough, if the person would have paid their
           | taxes normally and that this money would have been used for a
           | government project, then the probability of success would
           | have been higher (I know some government projects are really
           | mismanaged, but so was this one anyway), because the
           | government would have been in better position to 1) get
           | experts opinions/supports, 2) understand the rules and
           | regulations, 3) synchronize different projects for a better
           | complementarity.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | If you analyze the effects of doubling solar generation once in
       | the United States on natural gas demand, then analyze the effect
       | of another doubling, then it becomes clear why there isn't the
       | kind of nationwide infrastructure, tax and regulatory support for
       | expanding solar across the USA that exists in countries that have
       | to import natural gas, eg China, Japan, Germany etc.
       | 
       | Natural gas just has more resources to buy politicians in the USA
       | than solar does, that's the nature of the problem. Maybe the
       | investor in this story should have spent have his crypto fortune
       | on buying Texas politicians before even beginning this project -
       | but buying off a lot of politicians is expensive, it's more the
       | province of billionaires than of millionaires.
        
       | codingbot3000 wrote:
       | I am always wondering why the US scores so well on these "ease of
       | doing business" rankings??? Even taking into account that this
       | was a risky business idea, relying on subsidies etc., both
       | property and interconnection to me seem like areas where the
       | legislation could be clear and predictable. Adding in the ever-
       | present risk of litigation in the US, I wonder if my stock
       | portfolio is maybe a bit too reliant on this market.
        
         | holowoodman wrote:
         | Well, let me tell you (from some experience) how this would
         | have gone in good old Germany:
         | 
         | No mineral rights like Texas, except for the occasional lignite
         | open-pit mining, but that is very limited to certain regions.
         | And even then, you'd be reimbursed handsomely for your troubles
         | and the torn down equipment and land.
         | 
         | Grid connection would have been easier, because the electricity
         | company is required to provide timely and cheap connections to
         | the next sufficient connection point. However, there are
         | exceptions, if they can prove that they cannot get contractors,
         | so you have to wait some time, usually two to three years after
         | you sign the contract for the connection.
         | 
         | Before connection contract signing, you need to enter an
         | auction for the price of the power you will be providing. Fixed
         | for 20 years. However, those 20 years start at signature, so
         | the first 2 to 3 are wasted because of no connection. And you
         | are competing with tons of other solar installations, so you
         | can't really predict your profits when planning. Btw. they can
         | even fail to connect you after you already built your plant for
         | the same reason, so you may either wait or risk it...
         | 
         | Then you have to get approval from the local planning bureau.
         | For that you need a number of assessments: You need to prove
         | that there is no environmental impact, e.g. on rare species of
         | vermin and weeds, no impact on nearby population e.g. through
         | noise, reflection, or other annoyances. Then you have to get
         | approval for the land-use change, because usually you are
         | building on land zoned agrarian use, that has to be changed
         | (and usually can never be changed back, so the land is
         | worthless afterwards even if you don't actually build). You
         | have to get approval from various environmental protection
         | agencies that certify you are not in any kind of protected
         | zone, or if you are (half of Germany is), then you are not
         | affecting anything important (which is a 50/50 chance). Then
         | your plans have to be submitted for public review, where local
         | groups of busybodies, can enter their objections. If there are
         | objections, the approval can be delayed or denied. You can of
         | course "bribe" the public with a few well-placed donations to
         | local groups, or by declaring your enterprise to be open to
         | local investment for which you then sell shares and hand our
         | corresponding parts of your profits. This of course
         | necessitates a change in legal form, which of course needs
         | another few rounds with lawyers, tax advisors, the tax office
         | and a whole lot of due diligence because you are now handing
         | out shares to small investors, which is kind of protected and
         | therefore complicated...
         | 
         | Believe me, the OP's story is very harmless compared to what
         | this would take here, even though the above is the simplified
         | process after a few rounds of laws that were intended to
         | accelerate building green energy.
         | 
         | P.S.: You need a fence and cameras. First because no insurance
         | will allow it without the fence, some idiot kid could climb a
         | panel and fall. Second because there are professional solar
         | panel thieves around here, stealing them at night by the
         | truckload.
        
       | abetusk wrote:
       | Aside from all the turbulence of trying to get a project off the
       | ground, the deciding factor was that the electrical transport
       | infrastructure (aka wires) couldn't support the desired load of
       | 4.5MW-10MW and was slashed to 3MW, making the project inviable?
       | 
       | To me, the "obvious" solution is to create solar plants closer to
       | their use and lay down new infrastructure. From my understanding,
       | one of the major reasons to have power plants so far away from
       | urban centers is because they were dirty or location locked
       | (waterfalls, etc.). With solar, this need essentially goes away
       | with the ability now to put solar plants essentially in the
       | middle, or directly adjacent, to urban centers.
       | 
       | Could someone enlighten me as to why this is not feasible or if
       | someone is already discussing this idea?
        
         | nasmorn wrote:
         | Urban land is expensive.
        
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