[HN Gopher] Denmark's Archaeology Experiment Is Paying Off in Go...
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       Denmark's Archaeology Experiment Is Paying Off in Gold and
       Knowledge
        
       Author : sohkamyung
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2025-06-18 12:13 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scientificamerican.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scientificamerican.com)
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | https://archive.is/ra5se
        
       | countrymile wrote:
       | For anyone who hasn't seen the detectorists, it gives a very
       | British perspective on this sort of work, and is one of the best
       | British comedies of the last ten years:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detectorists
        
         | atombender wrote:
         | Agreed, it's fantastic. It's not just a brilliant and warm
         | comedy, it's also apparently a really accurate and well-
         | researched depiction of the metal detecting world.
        
         | 4ndrewl wrote:
         | The British perspective on this is really the Portable
         | Antquities Scheme at https://finds.org.uk/ which has been
         | running for over 20 years.
         | 
         | You'll find details of research papers and the Staffordshire
         | Hoard, probably one of the largest collections of Anglo-Saxon
         | metalwork ever found
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staffordshire_Hoard
        
         | louky wrote:
         | So does Time Team, and they're back making new episodes.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtpbubYLW2fdf9ySyCS0f...
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | Impressed that people turned in "1.5 kilograms of Viking Age gold
       | artifacts".
       | 
       | That gold is worth about $160k!
       | 
       | If I ran the program I would pay at least the metal value to
       | anyone turning artifacts in. To remove the temptation that
       | doubtless keeps some finds away from the science.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Once properly documented, I have some skepticism that it's
         | really necessary to hold every historical artifact found,
         | inside some museum archive basically never to be seen again.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | It isn't, but it's impossible to know what will be useful for
           | research again in the future, so historical researchers make
           | an effort to preserve what they can and avoid excavating if
           | possible.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | You can probably do a detailed 3d scan and retain 95% of the
           | scientific value.
        
             | heikkilevanto wrote:
             | No, at some point they want to analyze the impurities in
             | the gold, or the isotopes, or something else we don't know
             | yet...
        
             | delusional wrote:
             | I'm pretty sure more than 5% of the scientific value is in
             | the actual physical material. You can't examine the physics
             | of the thing from a 3d scan.
        
           | southernplaces7 wrote:
           | What else should be done with the artifacts? And also why
           | not? It's like storing your data. If you can keep it
           | relatively inexpensive, why not keep it around just in case
           | some future need or curiosity makes it worthwhile?
        
         | ambentzen wrote:
         | How would law abiding citizen Joe Random from Nowhere even know
         | where to offload that on the black market?
         | 
         | It's a bit like internet piracy, make it easy and convenient to
         | follow the law and most people will do it.
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | You'd be surprised of how easy it is for "Joe Random from
           | Nowhere" to sell their illegaly sourced priceless artefacts.
           | See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_Treasure
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Can't say I've tried, but I think it's pretty easy to find
           | buyers for gold.
           | 
           | Melting it removes the legal risk.
        
             | dwattttt wrote:
             | Melting it removes _a_ legal risk. I'm sure if someone
             | looks they can find a risk or two still there somewhere.
        
         | kefal wrote:
         | It's Denmark, of course they will turn it in.
        
         | fudgybiscuits wrote:
         | Whether that's good or not really does depend on how much gold
         | was found though, could be that 10kg was kept for all we know!
        
           | southernplaces7 wrote:
           | >could be that 10kg was kept for all we know!
           | 
           | Doubtful. Finding such a hoard and reporting it to the
           | authorities for formal examination by default means showing
           | where you found it so the site itself can be examined by
           | archaeologists. They'd likely be able to tell if you'd found
           | more than you reported in the cache site. It's like
           | forensics, but for ancient artefacts and ruins, pretty
           | sophisticated at times.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | The budget to pay for these finds is regularly exceeded
         | already. Paying the gold price would fleece the National
         | Museum.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Understood. But it's also true that you get what you pay for.
        
             | tokai wrote:
             | In this case it bought the most productive amateur
             | archeology community in Europe :)
        
             | jopsen wrote:
             | Getting a cut is probably better.
             | 
             | Spending gold you can't document the origin of is most
             | decidedly going to be a hassle. Certainly not without risk.
             | And you probably don't have money laundering connections.
             | 
             | And you'll sleep better at night.
        
         | olalonde wrote:
         | If I understand correctly, they were paid $150k for it.
         | 
         | > Aagaard, Dreioe and their friend the late Poul Norgaard
         | Pedersen discovered nearly 1.5 kilograms of Viking Age gold
         | artifacts near the modern town of Faested, including armbands
         | that archaeologists have interpreted as oath bands [...]
         | Aagaard, Dreioe and Norgaard received just over a million
         | kroner for the oath ring treasure, the equivalent of about
         | $150,000.
        
       | thaumasiotes wrote:
       | > Ginnerup dug up 14 glittering gold disks--some as big as
       | saucers--that archaeologists say were buried about 1,500 years
       | ago
       | 
       | > the real showstopper is an amulet called a bracteate with two
       | stylized designs: a man in profile, his long hair pulled back in
       | a braid, and a horse in full gallop. An expert in ancient runes
       | says she was awestruck when she finally made out the inscription
       | on top: "He is Odin's man."
       | 
       | > These embossed runes are the oldest known written mention of
       | Odin, the Norse god of war and ruler of Valhalla. Ginnerup's
       | bracteate, which archaeologists describe as the most significant
       | Danish find in centuries, extended the worship of Odin back 150
       | years
       | 
       | I don't think this is right. The first mention of Odin by a
       | Germanic source could date to 500 AD. But the Romans wrote about
       | the Germanic gods several centuries prior to that. They used the
       | equivalence we still use today, calling Odin "Mercury". But what
       | they say about the Germanic gods is compatible with what we know
       | from Germanic sources; there's no reason to believe there was a
       | change in the gods.
       | 
       | I note that the image on the bracteate features a pretty
       | prominent swastika. Maybe Hitler was accidentally on to something
       | after all.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | It's the oldest mention of Odin in Denmark. The sciam
         | journalist lost that detail somewhere. That is why the find
         | pushed worship of Odin in Denmark back 150 years.
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odin#Roman_era_to_Migration_Pe...
         | says "The earliest clear reference to Odin by name is found on
         | a C-bracteate discovered in Denmark in 2020."
         | 
         | So, "written mention of Odin" seems to mean written as "Odin',
         | and not as "Mercury".
         | 
         | It also mentions some debate over if the Goths actually
         | worshiped Odin/Mercury, but I am too ill-informed to make sense
         | if that's relevant.
         | 
         | I did manage to find a scholarly reference to the topic at
         | https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/c11e69e...
         | ("Pre-print papers of THE 18TH INTERNATIONAL SAGA CONFERENCE
         | SAGAS AND THE CIRCUM-BALTIC ARENA. Helsinki and Tallinn,
         | 7th-14th August 2022")
         | 
         | > The problem of Mercury
         | 
         | > Despite lack of Germanic evidence for the existence of a cult
         | of Wodan/Odinn before the fifth (or perhaps even the sixth)
         | century, as presented above, many scholars maintain ancient
         | roots. For example, disregarding critical scholarship on
         | various individual sources, Schjodt reiterated that "taken
         | together, they strongly indicate that Odinn, although not
         | exactly the same as the god that we know from the Nordic
         | sources, has roots reaching far back in time, probably as early
         | as the Indo-European era (at least 3000 BC)" (Schjodt 2019:
         | 67). ...
         | 
         | > The reading of interpretation romana maintains that Tacitus'
         | famous description of Germanic deities, Deorum maxime Mercurium
         | colunt, should be understood to signify Wodan/Odinn. Of course,
         | it has already been shown by Karl Helm that this was a
         | historical trope copied from Herodotus, and/or Caesar's
         | Commentarii de bello gallico (Helm 1946: 7-12). The fact that
         | Caesar was talking about Celts, and his description of religion
         | among the Germani mentions worship of the sun, moon, and fire,
         | does nothing to secure the reliability of such 'historical'
         | sources. Either way, the argument that the foremost deity
         | interpreted by Tacitus as a 'Mercury-type' must be Wodan/Odinn
         | is a projection of the latter's supremacy in Old Norse material
         | onto a Germanic society several centuries older. This becomes a
         | circular argument and cannot be leading.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | Tacitus isn't the only interpretation of the Germanic gods.
           | He is thought to refer to Thor as Hercules, but there are
           | other references where a Jupiter is mentioned. There is a
           | Roman complaint that the Germanic peoples see Mercury as the
           | father of Jupiter when it should be the other way around.
           | 
           | And while it's possible, it would be extremely surprising for
           | Odin to be a new addition to the Germanic pantheon when we
           | find him attested under that name in the 5th/6th century.
           | He's in charge of the whole thing! The norm is for gods - all
           | gods - to have very deep roots. Where we can prove that a god
           | is novel, we can also often show that it's a borrowing of a
           | foreign god with deeper roots (e.g. Adonis < Tammuz) or that
           | it is an explicit deification of a human (e.g. if you go to
           | the temple of the city god in Shanghai, there's an
           | informative plaque explaining that the city god was
           | posthumously appointed to the position by an emperor of the
           | Yuan dynasty).
           | 
           | I do understand that after cassava or maize was introduced
           | somewhere in Africa, anthropologists documented a new goddess
           | associated with the crop. Innovation exists. But pantheons
           | are very conservative overall. "Several centuries" is not an
           | amount of time where we expect to see pantheonic turnover.
        
         | wewewedxfgdf wrote:
         | >> I note that the image on the bracteate features a pretty
         | prominent swastika. Maybe Hitler was accidentally on to
         | something after all.
         | 
         | Nazi scientists time travelled Hitler in 1942 to ancient
         | Denmark in an attempt to win World War 2 before it started.
         | Obviously.
        
         | ethan_smith wrote:
         | Roman accounts using interpretatio romana (equating Germanic
         | deities with Roman gods) aren't the same as direct written
         | evidence naming "Odin" specifically. The bracteate's
         | significance is that it contains the actual name in runic form,
         | not a Roman interpretation or equivalent.
        
       | wewewedxfgdf wrote:
       | "The swastika design next to the man's head predates the adoption
       | of this symbol by the Nazis."
       | 
       | 1,500 years ago!
        
         | WaitWaitWha wrote:
         | This saddens me that this had to be written.
        
           | wewewedxfgdf wrote:
           | Oh they were there all right, 1,500 years ago.
           | 
           | They're always there.
           | 
           | Even in Mesopotamia they were there.
           | 
           | Ancient Nazi Vikings from Denmark. They came in UFOs. With
           | Elvis.
        
       | roger_ wrote:
       | Do the detectorists get a certificate or something for their
       | honesty?
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | They get a payment and they get to be a part of the
         | archaeological process. I have a colleague that had a
         | significant find recently. Her and her "crew" did the dig,
         | cleaning, initial description and cataloguing, and surveyed the
         | area around the site. With supervision from professional
         | archaeologists. Without this system they would get to handover
         | any finds to the landowner.
        
       | biophysboy wrote:
       | Denmark has a fantastic maritime museum right by the Kronborg
       | castle with hundreds of model ships, wreckage artifacts and high-
       | quality underwater photos. Would recommend visiting on a
       | Copenhagen trip
        
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