[HN Gopher] DNA floating in the air tracks wildlife, viruses, ev...
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       DNA floating in the air tracks wildlife, viruses, even drugs
        
       Author : karlperera
       Score  : 57 points
       Date   : 2025-06-16 09:38 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sciencedaily.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencedaily.com)
        
       | karlperera wrote:
       | If this tech becomes widespread and cheap, what are the privacy
       | implications of being able to sequence human DNA floating in the
       | air in any public or private space? It feels like a classic 'can
       | we/should we' problem.
        
         | blankx32 wrote:
         | Exactly my thoughts, but once the cat is out of the bag
        
           | fecal_henge wrote:
           | ..then there is cat DNA left inside the bag?
        
         | cypherpunks01 wrote:
         | Surely the police will start mass collection after the
         | technology is commercialized, to solve theoretical crimes. And
         | then claim that you have no reasonable expectation of privacy,
         | since you freely decided to leave the house and knowingly start
         | shedding DNA in public.
        
           | robwwilliams wrote:
           | This is NOT new tech. As old at least as generating sequence
           | from low-copy number and fragment fossil specimens. This
           | "news" is just a tweak and PR piece. Qualeed explains why
           | this is a non-issue for forensics.
        
         | arddcootvt178 wrote:
         | Internet of Smells
         | 
         | The world is wired. Is bathed in wi-fi waves. It is also full
         | of smell.
         | 
         | Eve and Adam meet at a party. Both are good looking, the kind
         | which is so clean that it looks almost puppet like.
         | 
         | When Adam sees Eve and approaches her, Eve is at first
         | welcoming. Her sniffer ring sends her a message. (The sniffer
         | ring is just a ring with a feather moving somehow between a dog
         | tail and a butterfly wing. It is of course connected to the
         | wired/wifi network.)
         | 
         | The message reads: "Adam has a very bad form of cancer. Is not
         | good genetic material to mate with".
         | 
         | As the polite behaviour rules dictate, Eve forwards the notice
         | to Adam, maybe as a visual message, or as a message which
         | appears on his health wristband, then she moves away, looking
         | for other interesting people.
         | 
         | Adam is only mildly concerned. He contacts, privately, his
         | internet+health insurance provider and files a bug request.
         | Then he goes along with the party.
         | 
         | The next scene happens somewhere far, visible from the external
         | conditions (like for example it is day there, while at the
         | party place was night) and from the people in this scene (for
         | example while Adam and Eve might be porcelaine figures, maybe
         | blonds, or maybe japonese, the guys in the new scene are more
         | like indians or pakistani.)
         | 
         | So these are a bunch of Mechanical Turks in a internet cafe
         | like place in India (for example). They receive Adam's bug
         | ticket. We can see one of them, or several doing various stuff
         | on their not so modern computers, but one of them opens on his
         | screen Adam's request.
         | 
         | We can see that the screen has two windows open, one is a REPL
         | Lisp window, the other is a molecular simulation. (This is a
         | hook for a technical audience, important as any hacker movie
         | screenshot.)
         | 
         | On the Lisp REPL there is an error message. The Mechanical Turk
         | fixes it, then runs a molecular simulation. It works.
         | 
         | He then opens a smell convertor. (Variant, he opens "Nozzle",
         | which is just like Google page visually, he searches for a RNA
         | like word, then he hits enter.) Job done.
         | 
         | The third scene is Adam bedroom. He sleeps, not at all
         | concerned, something between a puppet and a child in his bed.
         | 
         | Travelling to a detail in his room, which looks alike the
         | sniffer ring, only that it is a wifi router with a feather.
         | Lights flicker and the feather begins to swosh.
         | 
         | Travelling to the health bracelet of Adam. Shows: "Bug request
         | solved. Status: healty".
         | 
         | The night is quiet and peaceful. The sunrise begins. Adam
         | dreams something nice.
         | 
         | End.
        
         | checker659 wrote:
         | Surely it should be possible to spoof presence as well. Non-
         | repudiation is not possible with this alone.
        
         | polishdude20 wrote:
         | Yeah at what point do we look back at this type of tech and say
         | "the researchers surely knew this was going to be used in a bad
         | way" and then blame them for it?
         | 
         | Like, I get it. The argument that "maybe the tech will be used
         | for good" is an easy one to make. But given how tech is being
         | used more and more for bad these days, surely it's harder to
         | make that moral argument to justify this continued research?
         | 
         | Just because you can come up with one or two good reasons for
         | the tech to exist, doesn't mean you get to ignore the
         | overwhelming amount of reasons it shouldn't.
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | About the same as being able to sequence dna left on a doorknob
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | We're already filmed by several cameras any time we're out in
         | public. We're also tracked by our phones, unless we turn them
         | off.
         | 
         | Privacy of what places you visit is already pretty much dead.
         | We're the last generation who lived like that.
         | 
         | I'm not saying this is good or bad. Just that it is, and we
         | have to adapt.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Most new phones are trackable even if they are off, even.
        
             | RunningDroid wrote:
             | > Most new phones are trackable even if they are off, even.
             | 
             | For anyone wondering how this works: the cellular modem is
             | a separate general-purpose computer that runs code from the
             | manufacturer and the service provider, the only thing
             | needed to allow tracking a phone that's off is circuitry to
             | allow the modem to draw power independent of the rest of
             | the phone.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Another good reason to prefer phones with physical
               | switches to cut off the radios. Or removable batteries.
               | Or both.
               | 
               | I guess a faraday pouch might be helpful, but I recall
               | reading these aren't really as effective as many people
               | believe.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | I've had an iPhone receive a call inside a locked steel
               | 50 cal ammo can. No clue how that is possible, but it
               | happened.
               | 
               | I guess the gasket let enough EM through?
               | 
               | Amusingly, crumpled aluminum foil seems to have a better
               | track record.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | What's the purpose of such contraptions?
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Find my phone (as a benign example!) doesn't work very
               | well if you can't find it if it's off.
        
         | qualeed wrote:
         | Even as a big privacy advocate, I don't see much reason to be
         | especially concerned.
         | 
         | The fact that the DNA can be carried off to locations you've
         | never physically been to pretty immediately puts a stop to any
         | use in court and usefulness in any sort of tracking.
         | 
         | Not to mention it seems easily game-able by bad actors. Simply
         | setting up an air filter at work for a few hours, then shaking
         | out the air filter in a park or whatever, would contaminate
         | anything gathered from the park. I would argue this technology
         | is _less_ worrying in the context of privacy than the standard
         | DNA collection we already do.
         | 
         | There are a lot more non-hypothetical attacks on privacy that
         | are succeeding and causing (probably) more damage than this
         | technology theoretically could.
         | 
         | It seems mostly useful as was described in the article, like
         | identifying the presence of an endangered animal within X
         | distance and Y time.
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | You can clone fingerprint like here:
           | https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30623611
           | 
           | Fingerprints are still used in forensics, because the odds
           | that it is forged are lower than an actual possibility that
           | it is real.
           | 
           | Same for DNA then.
        
             | qualeed wrote:
             | > _Fingerprints are still used in forensics, because the
             | odds that it is forged are lower than an actual possibility
             | that it is real.
             | 
             | >Same for DNA then._
             | 
             | There's a world of difference between cloning a
             | fingerprint/planting DNA (in the traditional sense, like
             | fluids), and this technology.
             | 
             | The air might carry the particulates to areas never
             | traveled to. That... doesn't happen with fingerprints.
             | 
             | Walking around the city with an air filter than traveling
             | to a different city could imply that thousands of people
             | have gone to a city they never went to before. Not
             | happening with fingerprints or traditional DNA.
             | 
             | The noise with this tech is way too high to be useful in
             | privacy-damaging ways. It's useless for tracking, useless
             | for court, and more easily game-able than any other
             | biometric by _a lot_.
             | 
             | To put it in your terms, this wont be used in forensics
             | because the odds that it is a false positive is higher than
             | the possibility that it is real.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | It can. "Door knobs" can be removed from place A and
               | installed in location B. Or a weapon can also be placed
               | somewhere else...
        
               | qualeed wrote:
               | This requires action by someone else (who also risks
               | leaving behind evidence).
               | 
               | The airborne stuff just spreads by itself. To far more
               | places, far quicker, _all the time_.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | Granted; but concentration would go down at something
               | like inverse of some exponential of the distance from
               | source.
        
               | qualeed wrote:
               | Sure.
               | 
               | My point isn't that this isn't a biometric or something.
               | 
               | My point is that it is the _weakest_ biometric, full of
               | noise, constantly contaminated, easily forged with no
               | skill set or technology required, with a _very_ high
               | false-positive rate when used for anything privacy-
               | related.
               | 
               | There are so many more things (technology, policy, etc.),
               | literally violating people's right to privacy at this
               | very moment, that trying to spin this as a theoretically
               | privacy-damaging technology strikes me as a bit
               | ridiculous.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Still great for tracking people though.
               | 
               | Also, if with p=0.99 you were at the strip club yesterday
               | evening, then you have something to explain.
        
               | qualeed wrote:
               | > _Still great for tracking people though._
               | 
               | No, no it isn't.
               | 
               | Cameras, license plate readers, air tags, phones,
               | literally just stalking someone, and that sort of thing
               | is great for tracking people.
               | 
               | They are easier, vastly less prone to false positives,
               | etc. Your wife/husband isn't going to use a DNA air
               | sniffer to figure out if you were at the strippers.
               | They'll just follow you from a few car lengths back, or
               | ask one of your friends, etc.
               | 
               | And if your concern is government, there are way easier,
               | scalable, way more accurate ways to invade your privacy
               | that are already proven to work and have the
               | infrastructure already setup.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | >...way easier, scalable, way more accurate ways to
               | invade your privacy that are already proven to work...
               | 
               | That aren't detectable? That you can't easily take
               | precautions against?
               | 
               | If sequencing were cheap then it would be a hidden way to
               | check who was at a venue - better than gait (or other
               | biometric) analysis from video.
               | 
               | For some uses this seems like a revolutionary monitoring
               | technique.
        
               | qualeed wrote:
               | > _That aren 't detectable?_
               | 
               | Of course. How do you detect or protect against when the
               | FBI/NSA/three-letter-agency has a warrant for your
               | cellphone (or Google, car, local coffee shop cameras,
               | Ring cameras, credit card, etc.) information alongside a
               | gag order?
               | 
               | How often do you check your cars undercarriage for GPS
               | monitors?
               | 
               | Do you know how many times your car has been imaged by a
               | license plate camera recently?
               | 
               | Again, I'm not saying that this technology is _useless_.
               | It 's just a lot worse, on several dimensions, than
               | technology that is already invading your privacy this
               | second.
               | 
               | If this technology was seriously beginning to be used to
               | track people, a handful of people can thwart it by
               | carrying around an air filter and shaking it every now
               | and again.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Until you realize that it is a cookie that you can't
               | delete ...
        
               | coderatlarge wrote:
               | yes extremely low probability doesn't seem to have
               | stopped law enforcement from pursuing wild goose chases
               | that ensnare innocents.
               | 
               | still the value of ambient dna statistics seems worth at
               | least some risk.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Not just that. I touch a door knob and shed some skin
               | cells. You touch the door knob and pick up some of my
               | skin cells. You touch another door knob I've never seen
               | and leave my DNA there.
        
             | libraryatnight wrote:
             | There's always that subset of people (Magicians, crooks,
             | hackers, the terminally curious, etc) who will always do
             | the ridiculous thing nobody thinks anybody would bother
             | doing ;)
        
           | throw83988494 wrote:
           | Some countries have very strict rules!
           | 
           | For example in France, doing DNA sequencing without consent
           | of all parties, is crimimal offense with up to one year in
           | prison! Similar in Germany.
           | 
           | Those laws are designed to prevent paternity tests, but can
           | be appplied very broadly!
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Photos can be faked.
           | 
           | Yet we still fear face recognition based surveillance.
        
             | qualeed wrote:
             | When the wind blows, a photo doesn't get faked, but these
             | particulates will move to areas you haven't been to.
             | 
             | Faking a photo, convincingly enough to pass forensic
             | scrutiny, requires skill, time, and equipment. Faking the
             | results of this DNA vacuuming requires no skill,
             | significantly less time, and the only equipment is an air
             | filter.
             | 
             | I can go on, but I have a sneaking suspicion you're just
             | trying to be contrarian rather than actually care about
             | privacy.
        
           | geysersam wrote:
           | The danger depends a lot on the details of the technology.
           | You're assuming the results would be noisy enough that
           | they're more or less useless. But what if they're not that
           | noisy? Maybe it's easy to distinguish if a person passed near
           | the filter or >100 meters away based on the intensity of the
           | collected signal? Maybe you can even approximately
           | distinguish the age of the DNA. Suddenly that sounds quite
           | useful for tracking and for use in courts
        
             | qualeed wrote:
             | Noise is not the only thing I mention, it's just one of
             | many reasons. The fact that it is so easily gamed by bad
             | actors is another compelling reason why it wouldn't work in
             | the courts and is a poor tracking technique.
             | 
             | Primarily though, there are more accurate ways of tracking
             | people _at this very moment_ , which are less prone to
             | false positives, less prone to faking, cheaper, more easily
             | scalable, and are _already widely used and accepted in
             | courts_.
             | 
             | This offers basically no improvement over any existing
             | tracking technology, with a handful of downsides that the
             | others don't suffer from.
             | 
             | While I think it's good to ask these sorts of questions,
             | they need to be asked within the context of what is
             | _already happening_. If there wasn 't cameras everywhere,
             | ubiquitous and accurate phone tracking, internet connected
             | cars, GPS trackers the size of a thumbnail, etc. then yes,
             | this technology would be concerning. But that's not
             | reality.
             | 
             | Privacy advocates are already looked at with a sideways
             | glance. The least we can do is be responsible on when we
             | raise the alarm. This is not one of those times.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | The other techniques you mentioned also suffer from
               | _some_ drawbacks. Cameras are relatively easy to avoid if
               | you don 't want to be recognized. Phone tracking is not
               | very effective if the target is security minded and
               | you're not a state actor. And I want to reiterate that
               | you don't know how prone this new technology is to false
               | positives, you don't know how cheap it can be made. Just
               | to illustrate, instead of figuring out how to put
               | concealed cameras in the entries of a building, could it
               | be enough to place a small device near the ventilation
               | exhaust fan?
        
         | currymj wrote:
         | everyone already leaves DNA everywhere, so it doesn't seem like
         | a step change.
         | 
         | genetic privacy is a good thing but is utterly artificial, we
         | have to create it if we want it.
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | Life is too short. There is a narrow window in life, if any,
         | when you will probably care about this.
         | 
         | As a child, you won't care.
         | 
         | As an elderly person on their way out, you also won't really
         | care.
         | 
         | Years 20 to 30, you probably don't have anything significant to
         | lose.
         | 
         | 50-75, you're probably more focused on being setup for
         | comfortable retirement.
         | 
         | That leaves people in their 30s and 40s, midlife crisis era,
         | you probably have other things on your mind. Kids, hobbies,
         | etc.
         | 
         | If life was may two or three times longer, you might care more
         | since the negative consequences of people sucking DNA out of
         | thin air might affect you for a longer duration, but it isn't.
         | You get maybe 75 good years and that's it. Don't worry about
         | it.
        
         | deepfriedchokes wrote:
         | Flock Safety but for DNA is inevitable.
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | Health insurance companies could sequence every random bit of
         | DNA in a given area, and then raise premiums in zip codes with
         | higher than average rates of congenital disease. Of course,
         | that would be totally unethical and illegal, so they'd just buy
         | a set of risk data from a reputable company that worked out
         | their risk scores somehow (how? Who knows? Best not to ask).
        
           | robwwilliams wrote:
           | Totally impractical too. The entire point if insurance from
           | the company's point of view is to fine-tune the policy and
           | pick and choose at the level of individuals. How many
           | cigarettes you smoke and your mean blood glucose level way
           | more actionable.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | This sounds like a fun exercise of signal to noise ratio
        
       | tekla wrote:
       | We used to call them Hoovers 25 years ago. Just call them that
       | again
        
       | strangattractor wrote:
       | The Farnsworth Smell-O-Scope was based on this technology;)
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | I suppose you could try and see where I've been since I have my
       | sequence publicly stored here https://my.pgp-
       | hms.org/profile/hu81A8CC
       | 
       | If nothing else, I'll serve as a cautionary tale against this if
       | something happens to me as a result of having my DNA publicly
       | available to all.
        
         | xyproto wrote:
         | I guess nothing will happen to you, but it's a bit like being
         | naked on the internet?
        
           | ysofunny wrote:
           | a person is not their DNA
        
             | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
             | pictures of a person's private bits are more closely linked
             | to their identity (or self-concept) than DNA?
             | 
             | One is alterable, the other isn't ..
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | More closely linked to their phenotype at any rate. And
               | though DNA is in fact alterable, that's pretty
               | irrelevant, culturally speaking.
        
               | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
               | Oops should have said raw, uncompiled, bits
               | 
               | I agree DNA isn't that culturally relevant to an identity
               | but that just seems to be due to anti-intellectualism
               | 
               | Separate from the idea that the easier to alter something
               | is, the more it should considered as a healthy part of
               | identity..
        
         | eightys3v3n wrote:
         | How much did getting your DNA sequenced cost?
        
       | robwwilliams wrote:
       | What is somewhat amusing to me is that any one who has ever run
       | PCRs for humans or low template DNA knows to do this with the
       | utmost precaution for airborne DNA contamination. 35 to 45 cycles
       | of 2x amplification for paleolithic sample.
        
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