[HN Gopher] Iron nitride permanent magnets made with DIY ball mi...
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       Iron nitride permanent magnets made with DIY ball mill [video]
        
       Author : xqcgrek2
       Score  : 102 points
       Date   : 2025-06-15 19:51 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | wolfi1 wrote:
       | good luck getting ammonium nitrate without being visited by the
       | police (at least here in Europe)
        
         | Calwestjobs wrote:
         | yeah, but point is more like that we do not need hard to refine
         | ( that is why are they called rare earths ) materials from
         | china, if those magnets were strong as neodymium ones. which
         | they are not in video.
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | problem with chemistry is most of these things are easily made
         | in garage.
         | 
         | For example Slovak military is training disposal of homemade
         | explosives / chemicals by watching NurdRage videos ;)
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/Zybj-mi1FP0?si=KGMUJj5l5NUt2egh&t=68
         | 
         | or this simple technology from 1890 used in different way is
         | helping helping Europe to be self sufficient with energy:
         | 
         | https://www.tue.nl/en/research/institutes/eindhoven-institut...
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZYWpZYuRKc
        
         | metalman wrote:
         | not that big a deal, but you do have to register and have basic
         | security, ammonium nitrate is by todays standards just one step
         | up from black powder, and if it's a proper company with
         | mechanical and chemical engineers signing off then it's
         | literaly just paper work.All in all industrial type
         | experimenting involves avoiding exuberant exothermic reactions
         | and dramatic kinetic events, with or without an electrical
         | component, just about everyone involved has a story, and there
         | are plenty of injuries and fatalities. One of the hard parts of
         | bootstraping any industrial process is having people who have
         | the knowledge and experience to train people in how to do
         | things and not get hurt, it's not "saftey" as much as survival
         | skills.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | > ammonium nitrate is by todays standards just one step up
           | from black powder
           | 
           | I thought that was potassium nitrate. Which I bought a bottle
           | of on Amazon when I was curing a ham.
        
             | ridgeguy wrote:
             | Didn't know about the use for meat curing. I've routinely
             | bought KNO3 for stump removal.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | hmmm. I have lots of stumps, and didn't use that much
               | from the bottle. I think there's some old diesel in a can
               | somewhere...
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | Use aluminum powder instead. Is less messy and easier to
               | set off.
               | 
               | And it's more fun because it's more of a pop than a push.
        
         | impossiblefork wrote:
         | Farmers work with hundred kilo bags of the stuff.
        
           | wolfi1 wrote:
           | farmers yes, I wanted to cool some stuff with it, no chance
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | and you can't just buy it for your garden then?
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | Fertilizers and a ball mill in a garage is just the
               | classic direct highway route from nothing to pipe bombs,
               | so there are going to be checkpoints along the way.
        
         | nancyminusone wrote:
         | What does your country use for its instant cold packs?
        
       | lokimedes wrote:
       | I love this guy. Totally living out my physicist-tinker dreams.
        
         | showmexyz wrote:
         | His videos/experiments are really really good. Some of other
         | good videos-
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIqhpxul_og
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bR9EN3kUlfg
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oj4tRnLKN6U
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | So what happened with the startup, Niron? [1] They've been trying
       | to commercialize this for years.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nironmagnetics.com/
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | The fact they don't have a 'buy one of our magnets now, $10'
         | button tells me that the tech doesn't actually work.
        
           | aredox wrote:
           | The last thread of informed comments here on this:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42995429
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Yes, that deflated my optimism.
        
           | ralphonzathew wrote:
           | Iron nitride is much more useful as a thin film coating. Bulk
           | magnet tech just isn't there.
        
           | scythe wrote:
           | The only report of a bulk Fe16N2 magnet I remember reading
           | about used a 2 GPa (300 kpsi) diamond anvil to compact the
           | powder. I can see why that might be economically impractical
           | right now.
           | 
           | Also there was a bombshell paper that came out claiming
           | synthesis of bulk L10-FeNi which was later retracted [1] and
           | may have put a temporary damper on interest in Fe16N2. It
           | remains unclear which material will be available first.
           | 
           | 1: https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/
           | ad...
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | My bookmark from May 28 says:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6XIgdS1rzs #Applied-Science
       | #video on #bootstrapping "insanely powerful" planetary ball mill
       | grinder to make a'' iron nitride filled epoxy for magnets, which
       | did work somewhat; he tested it in a 1.6-tesla vibrating sample
       | magnetometer he built using a lock-in amplifier to plot its B-H
       | curve.
       | 
       | Hopefully this summary is useful to others.
       | 
       | On the topic of alternatives to rare-earth magnets, their most
       | important use is probably electrical machines (motors/generators,
       | and switched reluctance electrical machines can supposedly have
       | power densities comparable to rare-earth-magnet permanent-magnet
       | electrical machines, and you can build them out of just punched
       | electrical steel, copper or aluminum wire, and insulator, just
       | like a line-frequency power transformer. (I suspect Metglas would
       | work better than electrical steel, without requiring any
       | strategic materials, but might be impractically expensive.) Some
       | relevant bookmarks from September 22:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAhF45AtsgA #video by #Akio
       | showing his Arduino-driven switched reluctance motor #electronics
       | control board and working motor #hardware
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvw6k4ppUZU #video about "SynRM"
       | switched reluctance motors made out of sheets with slots punched
       | out to follow field lines. Low-quality AI voiceover from #Lesics.
       | 
       | (You can actually build SRMs out of non-laminated mild steel and
       | speaker wire or whatever, but I think they won't be efficient.)
       | 
       | Another related bookmark from today:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAQexymmt64 lecture #video from
       | 02012 (? or 02019?) by JR Hendershot about #switched-reluctance
       | motors ("reluctance synchronous motors") mentioning ABB's new
       | #SynRM product line (17-350kW), mentioning higher torque density
       | than induction motors (which use the exact same stator design)
       | and lower cost than permanent-magnet electrical machines as key
       | advantages. Cites a price spike in neodymium as a key reason for
       | interest in the area, which makes me think it's from 02012 rather
       | than 02019, when it was uploaded to YouTube. It actually says
       | that "reluctance synchronous" motors are _different_ from
       | "switched reluctance" motors. Shows little webs in the stamping
       | to hold the flux carriers together in the transversely laminated
       | anisotropy rotor. Shows ABB's plot of efficiency over its product
       | line, ranging from 88% at 1kW rated power up to 97.5% at 700kW,
       | because of the missing ohmic losses in the rotor relative to an
       | induction motor. Boglietti and Pastorelli's paper from 02008
       | reports 17% higher torque for an SRM (RSM) version of an existing
       | induction motor. Shows some asterisk-shaped switched-reluctance
       | rotors (using higher frequencies) and contrasts with RSMs' trippy
       | rotor design (using the same inverters as for an induction
       | motor). Also has some nice electronics schematics. "The key to
       | the improvements in efficiency and power factor lies in the
       | inductance ratio or the saliency ratio in the d [direct]  & q
       | [quadrature] axes."
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | He's like the old "Amateur Scientist" column from _Scientific
       | American_ magazine come to YouTube.
        
       | bkraz wrote:
       | I always enjoy seeing one of my videos on HN! Let me know if you
       | have questions.
        
         | pierrekin wrote:
         | Not strictly related to this video - sorry about that - but I
         | have some ideas of how to improve the system you used to record
         | arc welding in high quality.
         | 
         | Do you still have the hardware? Does revisiting the project and
         | using some signal processing to try and extract color images
         | sound like fun? I would be excited to collaborate on this if
         | you had energy for it!
        
           | bkraz wrote:
           | You should definitely contact Kron Tech (makers of the system
           | -- let me know if you want an introduction). I have some
           | interesting image processing videos coming up -- nothing to
           | do with color reconstruction, but that also sounds good. My
           | project pipeline is pretty full, but I will let you know when
           | I am adding new ideas.
        
       | daveguy wrote:
       | It would be interesting to compare the iron nitride magnet sample
       | with an just epoxy + iron filings. I would expect iron to have
       | some area between the curves because iiuc iron is able to hold a
       | magnetic charge.
        
         | bkraz wrote:
         | I measured the pure iron powder as well. It shows no measurable
         | area inside the BH curve, which at first seems incorrect since
         | the textbook retentivity value for pure iron is fairly high.
         | The textbook may be referring to a single iron magnetic domain.
         | In a practical sample (even a solid piece of iron, let alone
         | powder in epoxy), there are likely many magnetic domains that
         | cancel each other out, and "soft iron" is used commercially for
         | the very reason that is has extremely low retentivity in bulk.
        
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       (page generated 2025-06-17 23:01 UTC)