[HN Gopher] Benzene at 200
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Benzene at 200
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 159 points
       Date   : 2025-06-16 15:16 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.chemistryworld.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.chemistryworld.com)
        
       | kccqzy wrote:
       | > Its peculiar behaviour, such as its surprising stability
       | despite being highly unsaturated, hinted at a deeper mystery that
       | would not be fully resolved until the mid-19th century with the
       | proposal of its cyclic structure.
       | 
       | How were chemists in the early 19th century able to determine
       | benzene must be highly unsaturated without knowing its structure?
       | Did they simply combust it and measure the amount of water vapor
       | and carbon dioxide produced?
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | I think you're right,
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliapparat
        
           | sndean wrote:
           | Yeah an apparatus like that and work out that benzene had a
           | very different carbon dioxide to water ratio than something
           | like hexane.
        
           | chermi wrote:
           | How cool, it's still in the ACS logo! Germans have the best
           | names lol. Calibration apparatus.
        
             | namibj wrote:
             | No, it's from al kali ne.
        
             | perihelions wrote:
             | > _" Calibration apparatus"_
             | 
             | I believe it's kali from German Kaliumhydroxid[0] (KOH,
             | what it uses to dissolve CO2), from the same "potassium"
             | root as al-kali in English, from medieval Arabic[1]. (And
             | also metonymically a name for the coastal salt-marsh
             | plant[2] from which medieval workers sourced
             | potash/potassium[3]. I actually submitted that plant to HN
             | [4] a few days ago, but no one was excited about it. They
             | were once an essential ingredient in glassmaking, hence
             | their other name, "glasswort").
             | 
             | [0] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumhydroxid
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kali#English
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salsola_kali
             | 
             | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potash#History
             | 
             | [4] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44128748
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | The literal meaning is indeed potassium apparatus /
               | device / contraption. The Kali part is indeed shortened
               | from Kaliumhydroxid.
               | 
               | Strangely enough, the modern German name is Funf-Kugel-
               | Apparat, "five balls apparatus". I found that one simply
               | by going through "Other languages" on Wikipedia.
               | 
               | And benzene is called Benzol in German. And gasoline is
               | called Benzin - that word has false friend potential
               | because it seems more similar to benzene. It is also not
               | derived from the name of Carl Benz of Mercedes-Benz fame
               | who used it in the first practical automobile that he
               | invented.
        
         | isoprophlex wrote:
         | What these early chemists accomplished with, to our eyes,
         | extremely crude methods is astounding. Physical methods like
         | weighing, burning and collecting residue; describing
         | crystallization and precipitation behavior, even smelling (and
         | sometimes tasting) was at one point a routine thing to do.
        
           | radicalbyte wrote:
           | The story of how Oxygen was discovered was super interesting
           | and involved all of these methods.
        
             | bravesoul2 wrote:
             | Wow. Pre that discovery what did they think explained
             | phonomenon like snuffing out a candle. Or blowing air on a
             | fire.
        
         | Horffupolde wrote:
         | Yes.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | There's a two step-process to stochiometry.
         | 
         | The first step, as people have elaborated below, is combust the
         | compound and measure the weights of various oxides, which
         | (after the atomic masses of the relevant elements were settled
         | around the 1820s) lets you work out the empirical formula of an
         | unknown molecule. For benzene, this would tell you that there
         | is 1 C : 1 H, but this doesn't tell you if it's C4H4 or C6H6 or
         | C111H111.
         | 
         | The second step is to determine the molar mass of your
         | compound, which requires finding something that depends on the
         | amount of substance but not the mass directly. (In modern
         | times, this is primarily mass spec). Back in the 19th century,
         | this is probably abusing the ideal gas law, which lets you
         | compute the number of moles in a gas given the pressure,
         | temperature, and volume of a vessel. Combine this with the mass
         | of that container, and you know how much a mole weighs. If you
         | get out, say, 77g/mol, and you know that the ratio is 1 C : 1
         | H, well, the only formula that makes sense is C6H6 (which
         | should ideally have 78g/mol, but you might not get the right
         | answer for various experimental reasons).
        
       | Brajeshwar wrote:
       | I realize the article is asking for a login (a free account).
       | Here is the Archived link
       | 
       | https://archive.is/X1iHZ
        
       | chasil wrote:
       | "...benzene holds a special place in education. Generations of
       | high school and university students have been introduced to the
       | elegance of its structure and the profound mystery surrounding
       | its stability."
       | 
       | Admire it from a distance.
       | 
       | "Benzene is classified as a carcinogen, which increases the risk
       | of cancer and other illnesses, and is also a notorious cause of
       | bone marrow failure. Substantial quantities of epidemiologic,
       | clinical, and laboratory data link benzene to aplastic anemia,
       | acute leukemia, bone marrow abnormalities and cardiovascular
       | disease.
       | 
       | "...There is no safe exposure level; even tiny amounts can cause
       | harm."
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene#Health_effects
        
         | aszantu wrote:
         | Lots of sunscreen and other beauty products seem to be
         | contaminated with benzene. Johnson & Johnson was caught a few
         | times putting it in baby powder or something
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | J&J's baby powder situation was related to asbestos[0]. So it
           | must be under your "or something" hand wavy qualifier. If
           | you're going to sling dirt, at least make it accurate. The
           | benzene use was in other products like sunscreen[1]
           | 
           | [0]https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-
           | report/johnsona...
           | 
           | [1]https://www.jnj.com/media-center/press-releases/johnson-
           | john...
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | They mention the sunscreen in the other sentence of the
             | post.
             | 
             | I gotta say, your post comes off (maybe I'm misreading it)
             | as a bit critical, given that you seem to agree with the
             | other poster as to the underlying problem (frequent
             | contamination issues).
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I'm critical of making correct accusations. Baby powder
               | never had a bezene problem which was being implied. Baby
               | powder definitely had issues, but different issues. J&J
               | as a company definitely plays fast and loose with product
               | ingredients vs health safety, but when making
               | accusations, accuracy is important.
               | 
               | You wouldn't want chatGPT or claude to start saying that
               | J&J was using benzene in baby powder after scraping HN
               | for training data because we played it loose with facts
               | would you? In fact, we call LLM incorrectness as
               | hallucinating, so would you be less upset if I said that
               | the other person was hallucinating?
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Sure. I basically agree that their comment was sloppy, I
               | just think for example:
               | 
               | > If you're going to sling dirt, at least make it
               | accurate.
               | 
               | Something that might fit your sentiment better could be:
               | 
               | > It is right to sling dirt, but it is important to make
               | it accurate.
               | 
               | There's a ton of pro-corporate propaganda out there, so
               | the good guys should stick together too.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | There's another reason too, and inaccurate accusations
               | could become libel/slander for evilCorp to come back at
               | you for making such inaccurate accusations.
        
               | badgersnake wrote:
               | > You wouldn't want chatGPT or claude to start saying
               | that J&J was using benzene in baby powder
               | 
               | That would be annoying, but since everyone checks their
               | outputs against trusted sources, it wouldn't be a major
               | issue.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | oh wow, you just won the "makes me spit up my drink from
               | such an obviously funny lie" of the day line
        
               | hildolfr wrote:
               | Reinforcing the strength of a future corporate product by
               | doing their fact checking for them has got to be one of
               | the weakest reasons for correctness and precision I've
               | ever come across.
               | 
               | Please use a better example for the virtues of being
               | correct, there are heaps better reasons.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | In my quick search, the domain names were not filling me
               | with confidence on the reliability of the site. Since J&J
               | released a statement acknowledging their malfeasance,
               | might as well take it from the horse's mouth.
        
         | isoprophlex wrote:
         | Yeah, indeed it aint healthy... but that didn't stop me from
         | smelling it just once in undergrad. I _had_ to get at least one
         | whiff of this iconic compount
        
           | kybernetyk wrote:
           | How does it smell?
        
             | cenamus wrote:
             | Sweet, but still kind of like hydrocarbon if I remember
             | right. Definitely strang
        
               | pumnikol wrote:
               | Sweet? I'd rather liken it to period blood, but more
               | metallic and kind of... vicious. Its smell is hardly
               | comparable to its relatives xylene, toluene, ethyl
               | benzene.
        
               | ortusdux wrote:
               | That was the smell of cell damage /s
        
               | isoprophlex wrote:
               | I liked xylene most, followed by toluene. Maybe it's bias
               | because you know it is carcinogenic... but indeed benzene
               | isn't as nice as the others. Vicious undertones, that's
               | very apt.
        
               | cwmoore wrote:
               | Xylene, yes, very dangerous, used some for cleanup after
               | painting swimming pools, threw up in traffic an hour
               | latet.
        
               | ortusdux wrote:
               | I do miss the smells of O-chem lab. It is like hearing a
               | crips clear note played when you have only ever heard
               | chords. I think my favorite was thymol, a thyme extract.
               | Something I've smelled a thousand times but never in
               | isolation.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I'll never forget bromine, fuming brown off whatever high
               | school reaction we were doing that day.
        
         | landl0rd wrote:
         | You can get a little dose and it's likely not going to hurt
         | you. "No safe dose" doesn't mean "any dose is massively
         | injurious". You smell it regularly when you pump gasoline.
         | 
         | Funny enough benzene used to be used (a hundred years ago) for
         | aftershave and even for douches. I don't even want to think
         | about what that did to those people's bodies.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | Apparently Lysol used to be used as douche. If you have a
           | long drive, this is worth a listen:
           | https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1119-stuff-you-should-
           | know-26...
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | > You smell it regularly when you pump gasoline
           | 
           | The EPA limits the percentage of benzene allowed in gasoline
           | to a yearly average of 0.62% by volume (with a maximum of
           | 1.3%).
           | 
           | (Edit: replaced original sentence that was misleading)
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | It's likely that benzene's danger is a bit exaggerated.
         | Certainly don't smear it casually on yourself, but it's
         | unlikely to be in the same league as something like
         | acrylonitriles.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | When I studied organic chemistry in high school, everything was
         | theoretical and done on paper. We had lab sessions for only
         | inorganic chemistry.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | In 1986, I made nylon, and I am 98% sure that we had benzene.
        
         | ncfausti wrote:
         | This.
         | 
         | When an alarming number of friends (all under 40 years old)
         | from the same small neighborhood in my hometown were diagnosed
         | with leukemia I started to look into the superfund site nearby.
         | The pond that is connected to the stream that supplies the
         | municipal wells in the area was still disgusting (with visible
         | oily residue on the surface) nearly 15 years after the company,
         | Congoleum, stopped operations and the plant was demolished.
         | Soil testing some years earlier revealed benzene, which has
         | been linked to AML.
        
         | GloriousKoji wrote:
         | I want a better list than the IARC because their Group 1 has
         | substances like benzine and asbestos along side things like
         | Alcoholic beverages, Chinese-style Salted fish and processed
         | meat.
        
           | oidar wrote:
           | The evidence is very strong for all of those. They should be
           | in Group 1.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | the evidence may be strong, but the effect size compared to
             | the relative dosing shows they are probably misclassified.
        
               | oidar wrote:
               | The IARC grouping isn't for effect size though, it's for
               | certainty about carcinogenicity outcomes with exposure.
               | It's not going to tell you how much exposure you need to
               | get cancer. There are different measurements for that.
               | 
               | IARC Grouping Levels: Group 1 - We are certain this will
               | cause cancer Group 2 - Probable it causes cancer Group 3
               | - We don't know if it causes cancer Group 4 - Unlikely to
               | cause cancer
               | 
               | So when looking at something like tobacco smoking, we
               | have lots of evidence that people who smoke get lung
               | cancer. So it doesn't fit in group 2,3,4. So it goes in
               | group one.
               | 
               | For scales that measure exposure needed for negative
               | outcomes, most of the time these are for chemicals that
               | are/have been used in work environments. So EPA (and
               | probably OSHA) has a threshold scale for benzene, but not
               | for tobacco cigarettes. Most of the time, there aren't
               | MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) for consumer products
               | like cigarettes.
               | 
               | But really, what is more likely - a person getting cancer
               | from tobacco smoking or benzene? I would offer that
               | tobacco is more of a danger than benzene d/t the easily
               | available nature of it. So in practice, tobacco is more
               | of a danger than benzene.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | That is why the categories are absurd in practical usage.
               | 
               | Benzene will definitely fuck you up faster and more
               | thoroughly at similar dosages than cigarettes.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Having a glass of wine a day is extremely unlikely to cause
             | any detectable negative health outcomes.
             | 
             | Replace the alcohol in that wine with benzene (21ml/glass
             | give or take), and it would _not_ play out the same way.
        
           | jhallenworld wrote:
           | I went looking for such a better list. One thing I found is
           | this, for drinking water contaminants:
           | 
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584401.
           | ..
           | 
           | It would be nice to have a list like this for the Group 1
           | substances, I mean something that shows the amount vs. the
           | risk and the number of cases caused by the substance.
           | 
           | For benzene in drinking water it has 0.15 mg/L corresponding
           | to 10e-6 lifetime cancer risk. Estimated number of cancer
           | cases from benzene in drinking water in the USA is 1 vs.
           | 43500 from arsenic.
        
       | _WhySoSerious_ wrote:
       | Kekule who dreamt of 6 serpents each eating others tail and
       | discovered the hexavalent structure, meanwhile cries in a corner.
       | No mention of Kekule in the article.
        
         | carbocation wrote:
         | This does seem like an important omission.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Agree:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Kekule#Kekule's_dream
         | 
         | (I had the impression from somewhere else that his "reverie or
         | day-dream" might have instead been a pipe dream -- as in the
         | literal _pipe dream_ (opium?). But I can now find nothing to
         | substantiate this at all so, maybe just ignore.)
         | 
         | EDIT: perhaps I was reading too much into this page from the
         | Golden Book of Chemistry:
         | https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-golden-book-of-chem...
        
         | FlyingSnake wrote:
         | Omitting such an important story from the article feels sloppy.
         | 
         | For me, no other story from Chemistry is as fascinating as
         | Kekule dreaming up Benzene's molecular structure. An important
         | reminder to me about the power of narrative and storytelling.
        
         | epiccoleman wrote:
         | For a tangent on Kekule, I really enjoyed Cormac McCarthy's
         | essay The Kekule Problem - published in 2017 and apparently his
         | first published work of non-fiction.
        
           | jihadjihad wrote:
           | Link to essay: https://nautil.us/the-kekul-problem-236574/
        
             | twojacobtwo wrote:
             | For members only, apparently.
        
         | meepmorp wrote:
         | Yeah, and it's especially sad because they specifically mention
         | that the structure was worked out later in the 19th century.
         | Why not include a fun little detail like that?
         | 
         | The answer is probably because the author hasn't taken organic
         | chem and so never heard the story.
        
         | gavinray wrote:
         | I immediately "Ctrl+F" for "Kekule" and saw nothing on the
         | page. Disappointing.
         | 
         | When I read a "History of Organic Chemistry" textbook, Kekule
         | and Benzene were essentially the springboard.
        
         | jd3 wrote:
         | Was going to make the same comment.
         | 
         | https://i.imgur.com/EGyYmkX.jpg
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/16/science/the-benzene-ring-...
        
       | vondur wrote:
       | I've read that back in the day chemists used to nearly bathe in
       | this stuff. Now it's rarely used in instructional chem labs. Heck
       | as an undergrad in the 90's we were using Potassium Dichromate as
       | an oxidizer. I spilled some on me and it ate through my lab coat
       | and shirt beneath it. Probably should have had an apron on too...
        
       | andygeorge wrote:
       | I was a kid when there was a Benzene spill up where I lived at
       | the time (Duluth, MN). I remember having to evacuate to our
       | aunt's house out of town. My dad stayed at home doing yardwork
       | until he felt "a little lightheaded" and finally joined us.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Nemadji_River_train_derai...
        
         | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
         | Benzene is really bad for you
        
       | scottlawson wrote:
       | I love articles like this that give the context and history to
       | important but not often talked about molecules. I enjoyed this as
       | much as the "chemicals I will never work with" series.
        
       | jasonthorsness wrote:
       | Seattle's Gas Works Park has some strange equipment to address
       | the benzene contamination. Bold move to make industrial sites
       | into parks (it is one of the best in Seattle though!)
       | 
       | Edit: better link
       | https://apps.ecology.wa.gov/cleanupsearch/site/2876
       | 
       | Original link was older 2005 report:
       | https://apps.ecology.wa.gov/cleanupsearch/document/1509
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | Relevant sections from the 2005 report:                 3.1
         | Benzene. On the east side of the Park, south of the Play Barn
         | the groundwater is contaminated with benzene. An interim action
         | removed a benzene containing LNAPL that had been discovered
         | during site investigation. The remedy chosen for benzene was an
         | air-sparging/soil vapor extraction (AS/SVE). The AS/SVE system
         | covers approximately 1.5 acres of the Park. It is unnoticeable
         | to Park users except for a small equipment box near the Towers.
         | . An action level was calculated based on MTCA Method B surface
         | water criteria and a dilution attenuation factor (DAF). The
         | calculation used to set the DAF and the action level for
         | benzene is given in appendix 1.            4.1 Benzene. Benzene
         | concentration in the compliance well OBS-1 remains below the
         | action level but above the method B groundwater cleanup level.
         | The remedy, therefore, remains effective. See figure 3 below.
        
       | divbzero wrote:
       | It amazes me that the same person who discovered benzene also
       | discovered electromagnetic induction and Faraday's laws of
       | electrolysis.
        
         | ipdashc wrote:
         | > and Faraday's laws of electrolysis
         | 
         | Wow, what are the chances he discovers something with a name
         | like that?
        
         | nanna wrote:
         | And wasn't Faraday also a self-taught amateur whose maths was
         | so poor that he couldn't even do trigonometry?
         | 
         | A beacon of hope for those of us without doctorates in physics
         | out here...
        
       | groos wrote:
       | I once pulled on a glass pipette too hard and got benzene in my
       | mouth. This was 36 years ago, still doing well :-)
        
       | joloooo wrote:
       | Interesting article. I have always viewed Benzene as a bogeyman
       | of sorts. My parents both interacted with it often throughout my
       | life. My dad was a chemical engineer for an oil company, and he
       | often spoke of spills and incidents. As a kid, I never understood
       | what it was, but the tone and urgency were always something
       | scary.
       | 
       | I also strongly suspect my mother's Benzene exposures (nurse
       | cleaning lab slides with Benzene and no PPE) led to me battling
       | Langerhans Histiocytosis throughout my childhood.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis
        
       | quietbritishjim wrote:
       | I'll admit I know very little chemistry, but I think the article
       | would've been much better for people like me of it included any
       | specific examples _at all_ of benzene uses. It 's filled with
       | assurances that it's important and used all over the place but I
       | didn't find that very enlightening.
        
         | philipkglass wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene#Uses
         | 
         |  _Benzene is used mainly as an intermediate to make other
         | chemicals, above all ethylbenzene (and other alkylbenzenes),
         | cumene, cyclohexane, and nitrobenzene. More than half of the
         | entire benzene production is processed into ethylbenzene, a
         | precursor to styrene, which is used to make polymers and
         | plastics like polystyrene. Some 20% of the benzene production
         | is used to manufacture cumene, which is needed to produce
         | phenol and acetone for resins and adhesives. Cyclohexane
         | consumes around 10% of the world 's benzene production; it is
         | primarily used in the manufacture of nylon fibers, which are
         | processed into textiles and engineering plastics. Smaller
         | amounts of benzene are used to make some types of rubbers,
         | lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, explosives, and
         | pesticides._
         | 
         | It's an important feedstock in the chemical industry but it is
         | no longer used directly in household products. It used to be
         | common in solvent/glue/grease remover formulations before the
         | health hazard was widely appreciated.
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | It's kind of hard to explain how widespread a usage like
         | "solvent" is. A huge amount of chemical reactions are most
         | convenient to do in a liquid, a liquid that can dissolve the
         | materials you're working with. That's a solvent. Benzene can
         | dissolve a lot of things, including some that are really hard
         | to dissolve otherwise. So it can be used for a huge variety of
         | reactions, but as the sort background player that you might not
         | pay attention to unless you can't have it.
         | 
         | It's a little like asking "what are the uses of water in
         | chemistry", where you're tempted to answer, "um, everything?"
         | Not quite, but not that far off either. (And with more cancer
         | of course.)
         | 
         | Edit: disclaimer, I'm not a chemist, just an interested layman.
        
         | pcthrowaway wrote:
         | Benzene was what made decaf coffee possible in 1905 (if can you
         | consider this a productive use).
         | 
         | The beans were soaked in warm water then rinsed (several
         | times?) with benzene, which was able to extract the majority of
         | caffeine, and presumably not much else affecting the flavour.
         | 
         | It would have the benefit of evaporating with no residue given
         | enough time, but due to the possibility of residue and the
         | difficulty of working with it safely, decaffeination processes
         | have since moved on.
        
       | trebligdivad wrote:
       | The article talks about the wonders of bucky balls and nanotubes
       | - does anyone know what useful stuff has come out of those yet? I
       | think I heard there's some work on nanotubes coming up on
       | transistors in the next gen of chips? Not sure what bucky balls
       | and other fullerenes are being used for? (I remember originally
       | there was talk of lubricants?)
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > does anyone know what useful stuff has come out of those yet?
         | 
         | Quip: Every chemical researcher's #1 need is for research
         | funding, no?
        
         | lightedman wrote:
         | For useful carbon nanotubes, look no further than nanotape.
         | That shit is extremely strong and will happily peel the paint
         | or wallpaper from your walls.
        
       | euroderf wrote:
       | Benzene must've been examined down to the nth degree in quantum
       | analysis. Maybe there's an article ?
        
       | jabl wrote:
       | I remember in high school chemistry (or physics?) we had a wooden
       | model of the benzene ring with the ground state molecular
       | orbitals. Diameter about 30cm.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | I did an internship at a chemical laboratory once.
       | 
       | The older folks told me that they aren't allowed to use the
       | awesome stuff anymore.
       | 
       | Back in the days, they would use Benzene for everything, the only
       | stuff that would get the lab floors clean at the end of the day.
       | 
       | Same with asbestos, leaded fuel, and whatnot. Compounds that are
       | perfect for their use cases, yet highly toxic.
        
         | pumnikol wrote:
         | One of my elderly colleagues once told me that at the end of
         | each day, they'd put all the lab coats in a big vat of benzene
         | to clean them. The next day, they took them out, let them dry
         | for a short while and then just put them on again. I think it
         | was in the early 80s? He did develop cancer later.
        
         | fuzzfactor wrote:
         | This was the traditional solvent for cleaning up and removing
         | excess ink in print shops all over the place.
         | 
         | Often still known by its archaic name Benzol when I was growing
         | up. In high school, walking by the student print shop you could
         | smell it way down the hall at all times. The chem labs were not
         | nearly as bad because they had better ventilation to begin
         | with.
         | 
         | Plus before my time benzene had also been prized as high-octane
         | motor fuel for early cars back when it was obtained for sale
         | naturally by removal from aromatic crude oils in some
         | refineries. This was not such pure benzene however the
         | significant percentage of impurities at the dispenser acted
         | with an "antifreeze" effect and it handled no differently than
         | regular gasoline below 32 degrees F.
         | 
         | Pure benzene freezes at about 40 degrees F, and that pure of a
         | hydrocarbon ended up being too expensive to burn anyway.
         | 
         | IIRC it can really make a lawn mower cut taller grass than
         | premium gasoline, and scientifically it does have about 100
         | antiknock rating so it's no surprise.
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | _" Often still known by its archaic name Benzol"_
           | 
           | In German, that's the regular name, haha.
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | That would actually imply that an OH group replaced one of
             | the hydrogens, forming an alcohol.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)
             | 
             | So Benzol is not benzyl alcohol.
             | 
             | Edit: this is not what I was expecting.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyl_alcohol
        
               | ricksunny wrote:
               | That would make it phenol.
        
       | timthorn wrote:
       | The Royal Institution, where Faraday first isolated Benzene, is
       | celebrating with a Discourse next month:
       | https://www.rigb.org/whats-on/discourse-celebrating-200-year...
        
       | chrisjj wrote:
       | > Celebrating the molecule that changed the world
       | 
       | "The"?? There are multiple.
        
       | 7thpower wrote:
       | Story Time:
       | 
       | After I graduated, I went to work for a large PE firm that most
       | of you probably hate, working for one of their subsidiaries
       | focused on energy who happened to have a couple refineries. As
       | someone passionate about renewables, I was actually excited to go
       | see the underbelly of one of the most _evil_ companies. I also
       | wanted to learn more about the energy industry and the maze of
       | pipes that looked like steel spaghetti to me.. it was also always
       | in the back of my mind that those student loans wouldn 't pay for
       | themselves.
       | 
       | I started off in IT but eventually was fortunate enough to land a
       | job focusing on their developing new products with other
       | portfolio companies that focused on addressing challenges in O&G.
       | One of the things I prided myself on was spending time, boots on
       | the ground, with the people who were doing the day to day work
       | and learning about what there problems were. This included a lot
       | of escorted trips through the plant learning about the chemical
       | processes as well as work processes, etc.
       | 
       | One of the things I had picked up on was how nasty benzene was,
       | this was widely acknowledged at the time by the company, and not
       | in the typical window dressing sort of way that these things are
       | often glossed over.
       | 
       | Well long story short, one day I'm standing on top of grating
       | resting above a concrete pit coming off a refining unit while
       | they are using a truck sized vacuum to extract the liquid (guess
       | what the truck is called), which is told is an every day
       | occurance. Standing a few feet above the liquid, it looks like
       | dirty water. As an afterthought, I ask "what is this liquid?".
       | 
       | "Oh, it's just benzine"
       | 
       | ... _taps 4 gas meter that 's supposed to keep me safe from
       | anything_ "well isn't this thing supposed to go off?"
       | 
       | "Not all the time"
       | 
       | Never did that again.
       | 
       | I was surprised it was treated so nonchalantly, but when your job
       | is to deal with dangerous stuff day in and day out, I guess
       | certain things don't raise alarms. I, of course, didn't ask what
       | concentration it was, etc., I just filed a few lessons away. But
       | it's always stuck with me how routine some of this incredibly
       | dangerous work can seem, and how difficult it must be to
       | differentiate types of danger when they're not things that are
       | obviously dangerous, such as having your finger chopped off, or
       | worse, ruining a nice set of steel toes.
       | 
       | Anyway, that's my benzine story.
        
       | jeffhwang wrote:
       | Hope it's ok to share my chemistry Instagram with a plastic model
       | of Hexabenzocoronene (HBC) that was mentioned in the article.[1]
       | 
       | I posted similar photos of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
       | (PAH) including napthalene, which are also mentioned in the
       | article. [2]
       | 
       | In all, I had about 10 posts on PAH's for laypeople and chemists
       | who want to admire the structure of these fascinating saturated
       | planar hydrocarbons.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.instagram.com/p/CxUs8YzO28Y/?igsh=NTc4MTIwNjQ2YQ...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://www.instagram.com/p/CxFCSueOrA2/?igsh=NTc4MTIwNjQ2YQ...
        
         | bravesoul2 wrote:
         | More than OK to share. Thanks!
        
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