[HN Gopher] Start your own Internet Resiliency Club
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Start your own Internet Resiliency Club
        
       Author : todsacerdoti
       Score  : 514 points
       Date   : 2025-06-16 07:38 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bowshock.nl)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bowshock.nl)
        
       | feiss wrote:
       | This is fantastic. However, I only see the use case of messaging
       | through the Meshtastic clients. Is there any other thing one can
       | do over this setup, like Gopher or IRC?
        
         | grimblee wrote:
         | I had seen a documentary about how people in cuba used lora
         | devices to play multiplayer games, basically they made their
         | own local internet.
        
       | aamederen wrote:
       | For a more baby-steps approach to resiliency, one might start
       | running software on less-virtualized computers, creating a small
       | home-lab, running software on bare-metal hardware that you
       | actually own.
        
         | bravesoul2 wrote:
         | Or even just install local software. Get a computer that lasts
         | (have at least one non laptop). Have maybe some maps and
         | Wikipedia locally.
         | 
         | Maybe walkie talkies too? Pretty simple to use!
        
           | fer wrote:
           | Fun fact: At least one ham radio store ran out of walkie
           | talkies during the power outage in Spain, also there was
           | plenty of chatter on 446 when it's normally quite quiet.
        
         | chinathrow wrote:
         | Many people already do that (e.g. I use Linux on a Laptop- I
         | consider this bare-metal).
         | 
         | The way I read this, it's more about what is needed to get
         | services back up after a large scale loss of critical
         | infrastructure: communication to other
         | network/internet/infrastructure professionals.
        
         | avhception wrote:
         | I host many services from a small rack in my home using FreeBSD
         | jails.
        
         | greybox wrote:
         | I spent the weekend moving all my personal projects away from
         | github & AWS to to dedicated hardware in the EU, still not in
         | my own home, but I'm toying with the idea of purchasing some
         | hardware to run gitlab etc from my home network.
         | 
         | Renting dedicated hardware is expensive though. I'm taking a
         | financial hit for my paranoia.
        
         | NoboruWataya wrote:
         | Also related though maybe not resiliency-focused: It's quite
         | easy now to download all of Wikipedia and all of Project
         | Gutenberg to a hard drive, so that whatever problems you have
         | in the post-apocalyptic hellscape, boredom won't be one of
         | them.
         | 
         | Kiwix is the best software I have found for this and they make
         | an extensive library of materials available for download
         | themselves, which includes the aforementioned but also many
         | other resources that would be helpful in a disaster scenario:
         | https://library.kiwix.org/
        
       | nunobrito wrote:
       | OK but kind of outdated and incomplete. Meshcore is largely
       | competing with Meshtastic nowadays: https://meshcore.co.uk/
       | 
       | To remember: LoRa only permits small text messages. Don't even
       | think about images, voice nor binary files (I mean it).
       | 
       | Another option is APRS using satellite connections through a
       | cheap chinese walkie-talkie (Quangsheng UV-K5) for 20 euros to
       | send text messages.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | Huh. Hadn't heard of Meshcore before. Thanks for that. It
         | sounds more organized than Meshtastic. Seems more polished, but
         | also a bit more opaque (from my cursory examination). That may
         | just be, because it's not had as much time to get established.
         | It has all the open credentials.
         | 
         | From her article:
         | 
         |  _> Their answer was both depressing and freeing: "You can't.
         | All you can do is be prepared with tools and a plan for when
         | the crisis arrives. That's when the organization will listen."_
         | 
         | That is so sad, but also, so true.
         | 
         | I was fortunate to have worked for a company that is over 100
         | years old, and that had weathered a couple of wars, depression,
         | recession, market disruption, etc.
         | 
         | They were about as open to disaster planning as anyone, but
         | they could also be head-in-the-sand knuckleheads. The biggest
         | thing was the company had a fiscal and cultural conservative
         | bent; quite unusual in the tech industry, these days.
         | 
         | Anyone that has managed a DR system, knows how difficult it is
         | to get support. Disaster Recovery is expensive, resource-
         | intensive, and difficult to test. It is also stuff people don't
         | want to think about. Sort of like insurance.
        
           | nunobrito wrote:
           | My suggestion as someone preparing for this kind of stuff
           | since quite a while:
           | 
           | + Quangsheng UV-K5 + Android phone with 3.5 mm audio jack +
           | APRSdroid installed
           | 
           | Forget about LoRa, that is basically a toy. It is far more
           | useful to have a functioning walkie talkie capable of talking
           | with satellites and other stations at 50 kilometers of range.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | The issue with satellite stuff, is that it's pretty
             | sensitive to active attack. It will be available for things
             | like natural disasters, but not necessarily for war.
             | 
             | In either case, jamming is a possibility.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | That is inaccurate. You will NOT be able to jam a
               | satellite outside local areas, the amount of power to do
               | is monstrous and likely to cause cancer for anyone
               | around.
               | 
               | In a real scenario these things work. Please don't fall
               | into "what if's" which are exotic and confused as things
               | bigger than what they are.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | Well, from the comments, here, this sounds like a
               | passionate topic, for folks.
               | 
               | I've always been interested in helping folks that help
               | folks.
               | 
               | I started looking at Meshtastic, some years ago, but
               | found the ecosystem to be a bit overly-complex, as is
               | often the case, with "Swiss Army Knife" approaches.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | Yeah, indeed. If you are in the mood, dive a bit into
               | APRS.
               | 
               | Best thing is the android app combo with the walkie-
               | talkie. Tends to give a usable setup that works for voice
               | and data.
        
               | elevation wrote:
               | > You will NOT be able to jam a satellite outside local
               | areas
               | 
               | It is true that you will not be able to jam the
               | _downlink_ frequency outside local areas.
               | 
               | But due to the FM capture effect, anyone else in the same
               | hemisphere with a basic 100w transmitter (and appropriate
               | antenna) on the _uplink_ frequency will be able to deny
               | the satellite service to all the 5W Baofeng radios that
               | preppers are stockpiling.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | That level of argument is already at Reddit level where
               | every little detail is a reason to be "right". This is
               | tiresome.
               | 
               | Look: if someone is jamming something with a 100 watt
               | transmitter which causes impact on the adversary, that
               | location is quickly bombed because it is now a giant
               | beacon that advertises its position.
               | 
               | I'll even throw a cheap appeal to authority and mention
               | that I've done this stuff professionally in the military
               | for a decade. I'll still trust more on the usability of
               | my cheap walkie-talkie capable of +50km range and
               | satellite texts than an exotic LoRa used on the ground by
               | few internet warriors.
        
               | lambdaone wrote:
               | I think the Internet warriors are trying to build their
               | own entirely self-sufficient network independent of the
               | state or commercial worlds, which is, as you say, tricky
               | to do only with resources legally available to the
               | general public. Armed forces have had these things nailed
               | down pretty much since the invention of radio.
        
             | MaKey wrote:
             | You need a ham radio license to send data on APRS
             | frequencies.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | Except under emergency situations, which are the cases we
               | are talking here.
        
               | detaro wrote:
               | Things like this really benefit from experience and
               | practice though. If an emergency is the first time you
               | try to really use your radio, it's probably not going all
               | that well.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | That is indeed true. Practicing is important. To
               | remember: APRS is available on other frequencies and
               | methods, one does not need a radio license to receive
               | text messages.
               | 
               | APRS is friendly enough to permit sending messages using
               | normal internet and receiving messages from friends while
               | on the outdoors. However, all of this requires practice
               | and know-how.
        
               | detaro wrote:
               | Depends. Various parts of Europe have bands that can be
               | used licenseless and allow data, e.g. in Germany there
               | was somewhat of a community doing APRS-over-CB (past
               | tense because I haven't kept up if thats still a thing).
        
               | dahrkael wrote:
               | i always wondered if in case of natural disaster/war the
               | state does really have the time and resources to chase
               | unlicensed use of radio frequencies
        
               | detaro wrote:
               | it doesn't, but if you only start learning and using your
               | equipment once disaster has hit you are a bit late (and
               | possibly getting in the way of others trying to use
               | radios properly).
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | Yes, that is the case. By the time you learn and get more
               | equipment, you might as well get a proper radio license
               | too. If you are interested on the topic, it is worth
               | doing (in my opinion)
        
             | bigfatkitten wrote:
             | > Forget about LoRa, that is basically a toy. It is far
             | more useful to have a functioning walkie talkie capable of
             | talking with satellites and other stations at 50 kilometers
             | of range.
             | 
             | You're not going to reliably get that without terrestrial
             | infrastructure, unless both you and your correspondent are
             | conveniently standing on mountaintops.
             | 
             | 5km in the suburbs, maybe. Closer to 500m at street level
             | in an urban environment.
        
           | MaKey wrote:
           | AFAIK Meshcore was started by a disgruntled Meshtastic
           | developer. It has got a smaller community and is messaging
           | only, no sensor data transfer.
        
             | nunobrito wrote:
             | Then maybe time to know more rather than just throwing such
             | claims.
             | 
             | The network itself does far more than what other projects
             | were doing and is being fast adopted across Europe.
        
               | MaKey wrote:
               | > Then maybe time to know more rather than just throwing
               | such claims.
               | 
               | Then please educate me, I'm listening.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | I'm not your teacher, nor interested in that role. On
               | Youtube you find complete comparison videos like:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T56GTiHvZuE
        
               | tiagod wrote:
               | Isn't this video by the Meshcore developer?
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | To be fair, he actually says that he isn't able to do
               | comparison vids, yet (because the UK is fairly flooded
               | with Meshcore, so I guess it's a good reason).
               | 
               | The video is a promotion for Meshcore.
               | 
               | But I'm not sure that's necessarily a negative. Meshcore
               | does seem to be a good thing.
               | 
               | The one issue, from my limited understanding, is that
               | Meshocore doesn't seem to have integrated positional
               | data, which would be very important for things like
               | emergency response efforts.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | The problem with lora (and APRS over satellite... well, even
         | ground APRS) is, that the bandwidth is very limited and usually
         | only for "one person at a time", so while meshtastic/meshcore
         | might be fine for tens of stations and a few users chatting,
         | once those numbers get higher, the routing/signalization uses
         | up most of the bandwidth, and many people sending messages at
         | the same time makes the whole system very unreliable.
         | 
         | APRS is a bit better, because it requires ham licences and
         | (usually) a bit more expensive equipment, but with
         | "SmartBeaconing" and just a few hams, you get collisions
         | (multiple people transmitting at the same time, effectively
         | jamming eachother).
         | 
         | Reddit is usually full of preppers and other idiots buying
         | these cheap chinese radios, usually without any knowledge and
         | licences (that are needed to use them), and in turn they know
         | nothing about actual use of those devices.... simplex range in
         | urban environment is measured in hundreds of meters or maybe
         | one or two large buildings between radioss, and repeaters will
         | be in use by actual emergency servics and not really usable for
         | any kind of "private use".
         | 
         | tldr: get a few books, a pack of cards, wait it out, not so
         | long ago being unreachable away from home was the norm, and we
         | managed.
        
           | nunobrito wrote:
           | Please stop with the FUD.
           | 
           | Portugal was for 24 hours without electricity. LoRa networks
           | were jammed and non-operational because the bandwidth is
           | limited. APRS kept working.
           | 
           | It is far better to have a walkie-talkie that you can use as
           | PMR on the 446 range and use for satellite text messages than
           | an expensive toy that very few use.
           | 
           | And as you also know: You do NOT require a radio license when
           | operating under emergency situations, which is the context on
           | this case.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | > And as you also know: You do NOT require a radio license
             | when operating under emergency situations, which is the
             | context on this case.
             | 
             | In portugal? Yes, you need one. Probably in every other EU
             | country too
             | 
             | In USA too.
             | 
             | I have no idea where people got the myth of not needing a
             | licence in emergencies, probably due to not reading the
             | actual rules.
             | 
             | Also, you cannot use the same device for PMR and ham radio
             | bands, the PMR device needs to be certified for PMR use,
             | that means that it can only transmit on pmr frequencies and
             | nowhere else. Other devices (eg. ham radio) cannot be used
             | on PMR frequencies.
             | 
             | It's not FUD, it's regulation which exists for good reason,
             | because in cases of actual emergencies, trained ham
             | operators can assist actual emergency services with
             | communication, and that's impossible if every idiot with a
             | baofeng jams the channels.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | Again with FUD.
               | 
               | In Portugal you are legally permitted to use channel 9
               | (27.065 MHz) in addition to the PMR channels. The hard
               | line has always been on public safety bands. From a long
               | time cooperation with the authorities (especially around
               | the Azores) there was always an informal permission for
               | that kind of usage across boats and islands because
               | communication is difficult there.
               | 
               | Last but not least: taking the radio license exam is NOT
               | a drama. Anyone can apply and get the radio license when
               | they are serious into this topic.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | What fud?
               | 
               | Channel 9 is a CB channel, and neither quanshengs nor
               | baofengs work on those frequencies at all, but you need a
               | certified/type-accepted CB radio to use on that
               | frequency.
               | 
               | Same with PMR, you need a PMR radio to use on pmr
               | frequencies.
               | 
               | It's not FUD, it's just hardware limits and regulation.
               | 
               | Yes, 12yo kids can get an amateur radio licence, it's
               | easy, but you still need a licence to transmit on ham
               | bands, and you still cannot legally use a baofeng (except
               | the few pmr models) or a quansheng on PMR frequencies,
               | those radios don't transmit on cb freqencies at all, and
               | there are no legal "you don't need a licence in an
               | emergency" exceptions.
        
               | harvey9 wrote:
               | I have a ham radio and still not got around to getting my
               | license. I never transmit on it now but in a proper
               | crisis I am not going to worry about being prosecuted by
               | the radio authority.
        
               | misteriji2 wrote:
               | Your neighbor has access to a car, but still hasn't got
               | around to get his drivers licence. In a proper crisis,
               | he'll google "how to drive a car?" and "what does the
               | third pedal do in a car?", and won't worry about being
               | prosecuted by the driving authority.
               | 
               | You will in turn have to share the road with him in the
               | same way as other radio amateurs (and possibly rescue
               | services) will have to share the spectrum with you. You
               | transmitting on a repeaters input frequency without a
               | subtone set will in turn jam the repeater (PLL is before
               | the TSQL) will make communications impossible in the same
               | way as your neigbor stuck in the middle of the road with
               | a burnt clutch will make driving impossible for others.
               | 
               | But hey, stay lazy, don't get a licence, i'm sure you'll
               | be able to figure it all out fast when you're knee deep
               | in flood waters.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | You don't need a radio license to receive radio messages,
               | that is valid also for satellite messages received on
               | walkie-talkies.
               | 
               | This fact alone is incredibly important to at the very
               | minimum known what the heck is going on. Suddenly you
               | have a cheap device in your hands that can receive
               | updates relevant to survivors and victims.
               | 
               | In Portugal exist the 3-3-3 plans for anyone to practice
               | using a radio. These are regular-weekly sessions with a
               | lot of people joining.
        
               | misteriji2 wrote:
               | But who will send messages to you? Including satellite
               | messages?
               | 
               | In most countries emergency services have moved over to
               | tetra or dmr, with encryption, and all the public related
               | info is broadcasted on "normal" broadcast fm, where you
               | need a normal fm radio, not a ham transciever.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | That is a question you can answer yourself when trying it
               | out.
               | 
               | In Portugal +90% of tetra stopped working. DMR only
               | locally.
               | 
               | Satellite APRS continued working. Who will listen? Well,
               | those from north to south on the country were listening.
               | More important, they were listening who was still active
               | because those were the stations running with their own
               | energy because even FM stations started to go down
               | quickly as the generators ran out of fuel.
               | 
               | Had the blackdown lasted a week, those with a 20 euros
               | walkie-talkies would very likely be the only ones still
               | capable of +50 km distance communications and +1700 km
               | reach using satellite APRS text messages.
               | 
               | Try to see from it from that perspective. You really
               | won't have electricity nor cellphone coverage and not
               | even FM in such scenario.. It's all gone.
        
               | elevation wrote:
               | > i'm sure you'll be able to figure it all out fast
               | 
               | Even if you do, a radio by itself is useless unless you
               | can trust the people on the other end.
               | 
               | Perhaps your generator won't start. A voice on the radio
               | sounds like a mechanic and claims you need a new spark
               | plug. He can offer you one if you can meet him in a
               | neighborhood 3 minutes from your house. Is this a
               | benevolent actor with small engine expertise and a garage
               | full of spare parts? A well meaning elderly man with
               | dementia? An opportunist luring you into a robbery?
               | 
               | You lose a tremendous tactical advantage in this
               | situation if you've never met any local radio operators,
               | gotten a sense of where they live and what they do for a
               | living. Some are skilled experts. Some are blowhards who
               | confidently give bad advice. Some live near you. Some are
               | 100 miles away. You can figure it out, but it takes time
               | that you don't have in the middle of a disaster.
               | 
               | Get your license. Join your local Amateur Radio Club. Use
               | your radio to chat with someone at least once a week. If
               | you have signal quality issues, experiment with upgrading
               | your equipment. Then the radio in your bug out bag will
               | be of some value to you.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | That is one of the best comments here and reasons for any
               | prepper to consider a radio license.
               | 
               | Human networks can be stronger than radio waves, join
               | your local radio club.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | And you shouldn't worry about such thing under those
               | situations. Wouldn't make any sense except for
               | bureaucrats.
               | 
               | You should worry about knowing the procedures, the
               | channels, how to engage in communication with the
               | hardware available to you.
        
               | misteriji2 wrote:
               | The same applies to driving... you have to know the road
               | rules, how the car behaves in what situations, how to
               | drive in bad weather, heavy traffic, etc.
               | 
               | Now the best way is to get licenced and drive (=use a
               | radio) in "normal" cirumstances to get experienced before
               | an emergency. Somehow 12yo kids manage to get licenced,
               | but preppers can't.
        
               | elevation wrote:
               | > I have no idea where people got the myth of not needing
               | a licence in emergencies, probably due to not reading the
               | actual rules.
               | 
               | Parent is referring to the "Safety of life and protection
               | of property" rule [0].
               | 
               | [O]: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subc
               | hapter-D...
        
               | misteriji2 wrote:
               | > No provision of these rules prevents the use by an
               | amateur station of any means of radiocommunication at its
               | disposal to provide essential communication needs in
               | connection with the immediate safety of human life and
               | immediate protection of property when normal
               | communication systems are not available.
               | 
               | This rules applies to:
               | 
               | > the use by an amateur station
               | 
               | Not every billy and bobby with a baofeng are an amateur
               | station.
               | 
               | Luckily, at the beginning of part 97 there are
               | definitions of such words (you have to open the full
               | document, not just this article)
               | 
               | > Amateur station. A station in an amateur radio service
               | consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on
               | radiocommunications.
               | 
               | So, for something to be an "amateur station", you need an
               | "apparatus" (some kind of radio transmitter) and it has
               | to be a part of "amateur radio service". That too is
               | defined in the same document:
               | 
               | > Amateur radio services. The amateur service, the
               | amateur-satellite service and the radio amateur civil
               | emergency service.
               | 
               | It's not RACES (that's defined below), not satellite, so
               | let's see what "amateur service is", again, definition in
               | the same document
               | 
               | > Amateur service. A radiocommunication service for the
               | purpose of self-training, intercommunication and
               | technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that
               | is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique
               | solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary
               | interest.
               | 
               | So, for that rule to apply, you need a device (an
               | apparatus), that has to be used for self-training etc
               | (read above), for noncommercial, personal aim by a
               | licenced ("duly authorized") person. Only then can you
               | break other rules (eg power limits) in situations
               | described in rule 403 you linked above.
               | 
               | Without a licence, a radio is just a radio, eg. a
               | business band radio (like many motorolas are), and
               | nothing in the part 97 (regulating amateur radio) applies
               | to the user of that radio. Only when a licenced ham uses
               | that (or any other radio, or even a homemade
               | transmitter), in a specific way (described above) that
               | "just-a-radio" becomes an amateur station.
        
           | akvadrako wrote:
           | On the other hand, getting a license is pretty easy. If you
           | have a US address you can take 2 ten minute exams online for
           | $10 to get General class; that's usable when traveling
           | globally. It's a fixed pool of about 300 questions, so a half
           | day of studying should be enough.
           | 
           | With the license, there are ham repeaters for FM and DMR. My
           | cheap Chinese radio can reach the repeater 15km away.
           | 
           | It also supports APRS, but only for sending beacons. I can't
           | really test it as there aren't repeaters around.
        
         | tecleandor wrote:
         | What I don't get about Meshcore is... What's their goal. They
         | seem a commercial venture, their contact email is
         | customers@..... I don't know they're license... I rather use
         | meshtastic.
        
           | victorbjorklund wrote:
           | I think their basic idea is to have a more advanced (and
           | therefore scaleable mesh) where you can have more control
           | over the path your packets take. I dont get the impression
           | they are very commercial. Seems to been started by people
           | first approaching meshtastic with proposed changes to the
           | algo and getting rejected and therefore "forking" (forking in
           | quotes because I dont think they share any code)
        
           | MaKey wrote:
           | Their iOS / Android apps are closed source, which is a
           | turnoff for me.
        
             | nunobrito wrote:
             | Yeah, that is crappy indeed. The core itself is open source
             | and someone could write a different android app but I doubt
             | it would show up there as option.
             | 
             | In either case, they are a good competitor.
        
         | alnwlsn wrote:
         | If I go to https://meshcore.co.uk/about.html, the fact that
         | there is two youtube videos there and not a button that says
         | "Download Docs PDF" shows me exactly how serious they are about
         | "[We] connect people and things, without using the internet"
        
         | lambdaone wrote:
         | You could just about squeeze voice down LoRa with a really low-
         | bandwidth codec, as really aggressive codecs can manage < 0.5
         | kbps. If you want to sacrifice voice quality but use standard
         | codecs, the military MELPe codec has 600 bits/s as one of its
         | standard modes.
        
           | nunobrito wrote:
           | And yet such implementation never was seen outdoors.
           | 
           | Because it would likely violate the restrictions setup for
           | the LoRa frequency. Using a normal walkie-talkie has none of
           | those limitations while being cheaper and more versatile.
        
       | kcaseg wrote:
       | saveitforparts has multiple videos on meshstatic, if you want to
       | see it in action, it is super interesting, but not without flaws
       | apparently
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WRNTkbRuCI
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdHB_5Z_CFE
        
       | specproc wrote:
       | I read the title and the first few sentences as resilience _to_
       | rather than resilience _for_ the internet.
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | No mention of starlink? Even if the internet is entirely down
       | locally your packets could be routed to the other side of Earth
       | before making it to the internet.
       | 
       | Starlink is much simpler for the average consumer to setup than
       | what this article suggests.
        
         | kcaseg wrote:
         | I guess being dependent on the daily mood of some random guy in
         | Texas isn't really resilience.
        
           | powgpu wrote:
           | Well IMHO it is more about if the infrastructure is
           | centralized or decentralized. In a centralized infrastructure
           | we are all at the whim of someone like Musk/Gates fill in the
           | ______
           | 
           | A mesh network and federated services will not rely on one
           | actor or server. And if you are in middle of no where and
           | only a random guy from Texas is hosting, then maybe start
           | your own node if he is unreliable.
        
         | bananapub wrote:
         | a pretty important part of everyone's strategic planning in
         | 2025 needs to be resilience to random rich American cunts
         | deciding to inflict harm on you or your country.
        
         | swiftcoder wrote:
         | The article is talking about the war in Ukraine specifically,
         | and not only has the US repeatedly threatened to disable their
         | starlink access if they don't agree to a treaty, Musk himself
         | admitted to disabling starlink during a Ukrainian raid a couple
         | of years back.
         | 
         | Resiliency isn't found by relying on corporations who are
         | subject to interference by foreign nations.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Sure, as a backup to your regular internet it could work, and
         | can be shared with your community. However, the objective is to
         | be independent from _any_ infrastructure. The US has boycotted
         | the ICC in the Netherlands already, if the ICC were to arrest
         | American or Israeli war criminals they may choose to expand
         | that boycot to the whole country, which includes Starlink
         | access.
        
         | victorbjorklund wrote:
         | Can't rely on Elon in cases of an emergency.
        
           | hashstring wrote:
           | nor during business as usual, which I think covers the total
           | reliability of said person.
        
       | qwertox wrote:
       | I've been thinking about an idea, that maybe it would be
       | worthwhile for a city to create a wireless network where it uses
       | rooftops for a mesh.
       | 
       | This WiFi offers a low-data-rate (<5-10 mbit/s) service to
       | seniors for free or a very low fee (~3EUR/month), without service
       | guarantees, but honest best-effort.
       | 
       | In the case when an internet problem arises, which affects the
       | city's it-infrastructure, the city can switch to this WiFi to
       | have their city-wide services still interconnected, while the
       | seniors get kicked off of the network during this time.
        
         | MaKey wrote:
         | freifunk.net is building these mesh networks but based on
         | volunteers without a fee. Big communities have thousands of
         | nodes.
        
       | yannickdoteu wrote:
       | any people around Leuven, Belgium that want to start a club?
        
       | lljk_kennedy wrote:
       | > One of my nightmares is waking up one morning and discovering
       | that the power is out, the internet is down, my cell phone
       | doesn't work
       | 
       | I dunno.... as I get older, this sounds more and more idyllic
        
         | ndr wrote:
         | I see the sarcasm but you're likely not simulating this hard
         | enough. This is what happened in most of Spain and Portugal
         | during the recent power outage and it wasn't pretty.
        
           | camillomiller wrote:
           | It also wasn't so incredibly nasty, though. There were
           | disruptions and some arrests, but the large majority of
           | people were in the streets socializing, dancing, doing
           | impromptu things they wouldn't be doing on a work day.
        
             | dewey wrote:
             | That's because they kinda expected everything to be back to
             | normal in a few hours. If there would be some more
             | catastrophic distributed outage there would probably be
             | less dancing.
        
               | AlecSchueler wrote:
               | But wait either it was "pretty" or it wasn't. We've gone
               | from "it wasn't pretty" to "Ok, it was pretty, but only
               | because they expected a resolution."
        
               | lucianbr wrote:
               | > Thanks to war, geopolitics, and climate change, Europe
               | will have more frequent and more severe internet
               | disruptions in the very near future. Governments and
               | businesses need to prepare for catastrophic loss of
               | communications.
               | 
               | I think the subject of the thread is pretty clearly how
               | to deal with interruptions that won't resolve themselves
               | in a short time. It's on you that you choose to ignore
               | that and focus on "was it pretty for a milisecond?"
        
               | AlecSchueler wrote:
               | Come on, what?
               | 
               | Now we've gotten to "Ok the claim was admittedly not true
               | but it's your fault for pointing it out instead of going
               | along with the groupthink" Is this the post-truth society
               | we hear about?
               | 
               | The sub-thread was very clearly started by the idea that
               | loss of connectivity might not be as bad as assumed,
               | there was space to have some debate about what positives
               | could be taken and how we could actually prepare to live
               | with outages alongside preparing to negate them.
               | 
               | I didn't think much of it honestly, the original point of
               | it not being so bad, but your comment has left me with
               | the feeling that the internet can't fall soon enough.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | Pretty for young and unencumbered, less so for the COPD
               | patient with an oxygen concentrator, or the parent of an
               | infant running out of sterile bottles, etc.
        
               | djrj477dhsnv wrote:
               | Sterile bottles? Millions of babies around the world are
               | doing just fine every day without that.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | With breastfeeding, which millions can't, for whatever
               | reason (even if only prior preference, you can't turn it
               | on at will). Bottle feeding young babies without the
               | ability to semi-sterilise formula and sterilise bottles
               | will lead to higher infant mortality.
        
               | tonyoconnell wrote:
               | Some parents of infants would be able to find a way to
               | feed their children safely.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | Obviously, but not all. I can't believe I have to say
               | this, but prolonged blackouts (with all the downstream
               | ramifications they bring to hygiene, temperature control,
               | food safety, food availability, etc) would cause infant
               | mortality to exponentially rise as days pass without
               | power.
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | Without the power grid we are right back to the dark ages
               | in a matter of a few days. Except at least in the dark
               | ages people sort of knew how to survive. Now, only a
               | minority of people really know how to survive without
               | modern conveniences.
        
               | collingreen wrote:
               | Hopefully it isn't controversial to acknowledge that a
               | few extra dead babies is actually a terrible thing not
               | something you brush aside, right?
        
               | goda90 wrote:
               | To sterilize a bottle you simply need boiling water
               | without a significant amount of toxic materials in it. To
               | get boiling water you need water, a container for the
               | water, a combustible fuel, an ignition source, and a
               | means of transferring heat from the burning fuel to the
               | water. Even if you don't have a metal pot you can do
               | stuff like heating rocks and then stacking them on cool
               | rocks inside a plastic, glass, ceramic, wood, etc
               | container filled with water to get to a boil.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | > Even if you don't have a metal pot you can do stuff
               | like heating rocks and then stacking them on cool rocks
               | inside a plastic, glass, ceramic, wood, etc container
               | filled with water to get to a boil.
               | 
               | That can get you sterile water, although it's extremely
               | difficult to do and involves many more rocks than you'd
               | imagine easily 5x the mass of rock to water to get a
               | rolling boil for a full minute, but it doesn't get you
               | clean water. Now you have sterile water with a lot of
               | potentially very unpleasant dissolved solids. Certainly
               | not something you'll be using to feed an infant.
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | it takes 5 minutes to build a simple but effective
               | alcohol stove out of a soda can.
        
             | killerstorm wrote:
             | Cooking, refrigeration and water pumping depends on
             | electric power. It can definitely get nasty if it lasts for
             | more than a day
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | This is one of the reasons I'm looking at extending my
               | solar system to add a battery and islanding, so I can
               | have a regular resupply of some amount of
               | power/electricity for the necessities in case of extended
               | outages.
               | 
               | I'm not sure how far into "prepper" that makes me. I
               | don't have a store of canned food or weapons or a
               | generator. I started down this track to keep my home lab
               | (on which I self-host a bunch of stuff) online /
               | protected through outages.
               | 
               | Additionally, the city in which I live has an ad-hoc
               | amateur WiFi setup which connects over several
               | kilometres. I used to be a member a long time ago but,
               | ironically (in this context) getting fiber internet meant
               | I kinda lost interest. It's one of those things that had
               | just never gotten back to the top of my priority list:
               | https://air-stream.org/
               | 
               | Feels like they're ahead of game on this topic.
        
               | axelthegerman wrote:
               | Solar and battery for refrigeration seems a waste.
               | 
               | If you own a house I'd look into very old school options
               | like digging a deep hole to store your food in a
               | dark&cool place - forgot the name for it but it'll work
               | for weeks or months without a single milliwatt
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | A "cellar"? :)
               | 
               | Or if you want to get technical I guess "root cellar".
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | That sounds really inconvenient (am I going to keep my
               | food down there all the time, or is the plan to carry the
               | entire contents of my refrigerator down there in an
               | outage?) not terribly effective (RIP all the frozen
               | stuff) and probably not any cheaper. Plus the hole can't
               | be used for other things like charging my phone.
        
               | chairmansteve wrote:
               | Convert a chest freezer into refrigerator and you don't
               | need batteries.
               | 
               | https://www.notechmagazine.com/category/refrigeration
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | That's very smart and might end my quest for a truly
               | quiet bedroom fridge, if it really only runs two minutes
               | in an hour. (Light fridges marketed as "quiet" just
               | produce near-constant annoying fan noise, quietly.)
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | It really works, and if you fill half the space with
               | water then it'll only need to run once or twice a week
               | (assuming you don't open the lid often)
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Have you looked at hotel minibar fridges? They're
               | generally pretty quiet.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | It'll work just great to keep half the things in my
               | fridge safe and none of the things in my freezer safe.
               | 
               | Refrigeration is top priority and I would happily buy
               | solar panels just to keep it working (plus leeching a few
               | watts for my phone).
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Solar+battery is great for a few weeks locally with no
               | power, or a couple of days nationally.
               | 
               | It's terrible in a society-collapse way - makes you a
               | target.
        
               | antisthenes wrote:
               | > It's terrible in a society-collapse way - makes you a
               | target.
               | 
               | A target for what? People to come charge their phone at
               | your house?
               | 
               | Why would you be a target if 50%+ of population have
               | solar setups?
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | If society actually suffers a sustained "collapse,"
               | access to electricity won't even be among your top-20
               | problems. You're going to be more worried about how
               | you're going to obtain water, food, and protect yourself
               | from the roving looters and/or warlords that will
               | immediately spring up in the absence of law and order.
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | For folks with a private well, electricity is the key to
               | fresh water. At least for a while.
        
               | antisthenes wrote:
               | > protect yourself from the roving looters and/or
               | warlords that will immediately spring up in the absence
               | of law and order.
               | 
               | This is a hollywood meme.
               | 
               | The reality is that aggressive looters/warlords will be
               | very quickly disposed of and the remaining ones will fall
               | in line and become semi-official protective militia
               | forces, who will labor alongside farmers in small
               | communities if they don't want to starve.
               | 
               | Food scarcity will be a much bigger issue that some
               | nutcase trying to loot my solar panels.
        
               | apitman wrote:
               | What makes you so confident it would pan out that way
               | rather than the meme way? Especially if potential
               | warlords only have the memes for inspiration.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | This is exactly it. The other part is not just water
               | pumping but operating the sewer systems - if the lift
               | stations are down the whole thing fills up in about a
               | week and the basic plumbing in your house - and thus
               | pretty much entire city, stops working.
               | 
               | Cities are not setup to support their current populations
               | without those services and once you run out of buffer
               | things go downhill quick - wastewater is an enormous and
               | immediate disease hazard.
        
             | whiplash451 wrote:
             | Did you check with hospitals, prisons and daycares how
             | things went?
        
             | GardenLetter27 wrote:
             | Only because it didn't last overnight and wasn't at the
             | peak of summer.
             | 
             | Otherwise you're throwing out all fresh food, supermarkets
             | couldn't process payments nor most restaurants either, etc.
        
           | tmountain wrote:
           | I guess it depends on your perspective. Here in Portugal,
           | lots of people ended up sitting on their patios, chatting
           | with friends, cooking on the grill, playing cards, sipping
           | wine, and generally having a pretty good time. There was a
           | collective groan around the small village where I live when
           | the power came back on, and quite a few people commented that
           | they were disappointed that they'd have to work in the
           | morning.
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | Right, it's fun to sip wine and chew bubblegum for a day,
             | but that's not the scenario people are worried about
        
             | Fnoord wrote:
             | > and quite a few people commented that they were
             | disappointed that they'd have to work in the morning
             | 
             | Hangover from the port.
             | 
             | Instead of doing drugs or chatting, I'd read a book on my
             | Kobo.
             | 
             | The thing with the stuff you mentioned. I already drank
             | enough alcohol jn my life to not bother with it anymore.
             | Same with card games. And random chitchat.
        
               | maplant wrote:
               | You've had enough random chitchat to last a lifetime?
        
               | Fnoord wrote:
               | With my neighbors? For sure. Friends? Don't live near me
               | anymore. How am I going to chat with my friends if
               | they're hundreds of kilometers away? By way of a
               | (smart)phone, which requires power.
               | 
               | We actually saw the effect of downtime during covid. In
               | the beginning, a massive appreciation for health
               | services. We all know how long that lasted. In the
               | beginning, it was us against the virus. Eventually, we
               | were fighting with each other, even over details. Rest
               | assured, offensive propaganda services from secret
               | agencies learned a lot from that (one may guess which one
               | primarily).
               | 
               | If it was so awesome that wine drinking and chit-chat,
               | why aren't we doing it? A pretty simple explanation is:
               | because it ain't awesome. Yes, a change of pace can be
               | regarded as a fun challenge or change of pace. Heck, it
               | may even open up people to changing their life. But look
               | how much we remote work post covid. Policies were
               | reverted.
        
               | maplant wrote:
               | People absolutely drink wine and chit-chat with each
               | other. They can't during the day usually because they
               | have work.
               | 
               | It seems to me that these modern anti-social tendencies
               | are actively driving a wedge between most people and
               | their surroundings, making people further isolated from
               | each other. Young people tend to spend time in doors
               | alone because they don't know _how_ to interact with
               | strangers. But they should because being alone is
               | literally damaging to your health.
               | 
               | Being far away from friends is bad for you[1]. Being
               | socially isolated is bad for you. Promoting a lifestyle
               | in which you don't have friends and don't talk to
               | strangers is akin to promoting a lifestyle in which you
               | don't exercise.
               | 
               | It's not "awesome", it's a necessary component of living
               | healthily as a human being.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cdc.gov/social-connectedness/risk-
               | factors/index.... - I found this source from the CDC but
               | there are numerous others
        
           | al_borland wrote:
           | The power grid went down in a large area of the US about 20
           | years ago. The biggest issue I saw was the gas pumps didn't
           | work. Cars were lined up, many abandoned, just waiting for
           | the power to come on some they could get gas. I was in
           | college at the time, but home for a few days. I heard rumors
           | that the power was on west of us (where my school was), so I
           | just started driving west, hoping I found where the power was
           | on before I ran out of gas. Thankfully, that worked out.
           | 
           | But if the power, and the gas stations, don't work anywhere.
           | It won't take long before we start running out of food and
           | other utilities start to fail.
        
             | tcoff91 wrote:
             | It's absurd that we don't require gas stations to have
             | generators on-site. They have all the fuel they need to
             | power them right there!!!
             | 
             | Now nobody else can get more fuel for their generators when
             | the gas stations don't have power either.
             | 
             | This was a big issue during the power shutoffs during LA
             | fires this year.
        
               | geraldhh wrote:
               | absurdities not withstanding, this might actually be a
               | good idea.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | Gas stations are private businesses, and they typically
               | make almost nothing on gas, most of their margin is in
               | the c-store.
               | 
               | Requiring every single one of them to invest in a 5-6
               | figure power backup solution with hundreds or thousands
               | in yearly maintenance costs, so they can sell their
               | lowest margin product to accommodate those who can't plan
               | ahead during a disaster that happens maybe once in a
               | decade event is pretty absurd.
        
               | chairmansteve wrote:
               | I guess a government/population that cared about
               | resilience would require them to add a few pennies/gallon
               | onto the price to pay for backup generators. Maybe also
               | bigger storage tanks.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | Maybe they would just design a more reliable grid, or
               | have an emergency management organization that can
               | flexibly solve many problems instead of dictating huge
               | costs to private business owners in order to cover for
               | extremely rare events.
        
               | al_borland wrote:
               | How does one plan ahead for a multi-day regional power
               | failure, that may only happen once in their lifetime?
               | Should everyone have several hundred gallons of gasoline
               | stored in their garage just incase? Or maybe we all
               | invest in personal solar generation at our homes, with
               | enough battery capacity to power an electric car and the
               | home through those short winter days? This would cost
               | tens of thousands of dollars for every household in the
               | country. What about renters? Are they out of luck?
               | Suggesting individuals prepare for this seems equally
               | absurd, does it not?
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | > How does one plan ahead for a multi-day regional power
               | failure, that may only happen once in their lifetime?
               | 
               | Ready.gov has instructions.
               | 
               | > Should everyone have several hundred gallons of
               | gasoline stored in their garage just incase?
               | 
               | oh, c'mon.
               | 
               | Do you or any one person you know use several hundred
               | gallons of gas over the course of a few days on critical
               | things? If that is the case, then yes, by all means you
               | should have a private gasoline backup supply since you
               | are running some sort of industrial scale operation.
               | 
               | If you are worried about it, just make sure you have a
               | several day supply of gasoline on hand. For most people
               | that use about a tank of gas per week that means filling
               | up when you are at half tank. For those of us, like me,
               | who live in a place where a generator is occasionally
               | useful, a couple of jerry cans full of gas are typically
               | already on hand. Hundreds of gallons could keep me
               | powered up for weeks at a minimum unless I was really
               | trying to use a lot of power.
               | 
               | For most people, gasoline is used exclusively for their
               | car, which has a multi-day gas supply storage mechanism
               | built in.
               | 
               | Lets say we require all gas stations to have the ability
               | to pump gas during a blackout. Then what? It doesn't
               | solve any of your hypotheticals. Without a beefy
               | generator and a professional crossover switch, you aren't
               | powering your home with gasoline. What is a working gas
               | station going to do for a renter, or apartment dweller?
               | 
               | In any case. If things get actually desperate, it isn't
               | that hard for a handy person to wire a generator up on
               | the spot, and get gas pumping, although at that point,
               | what are the chances that the payment network is online.
               | At that point you can just run the pump by hand if it's
               | truly desperate.
               | 
               | > Suggesting individuals prepare for this seems equally
               | absurd, does it not?
               | 
               | Not absurd at all. Experts and the government actually
               | suggest that people do some of their own preparations for
               | disasters. They suggest that you have enough on hand to
               | survive for 48 hours without outside help. There are
               | entire government initiatives, campaigns and
               | organizations based on this exact premise. Check out
               | Ready.gov for the USA federal version. You can probably
               | find state and local level initiatives where you are too,
               | if in the US. Almost every large, multi-day, regional
               | blackout in living memory is weather related, which also
               | means it is predictable.
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | Gasoline has a very short shelf life.
        
               | tcoff91 wrote:
               | I had to get gas every day for my generator during the
               | outages. Only one gas station in down was in an area that
               | still had power. If you don't live in so cal and have to
               | deal with public safety power shutoffs, quit talking out
               | of your ass. Our power grid is so unreliable here that
               | they really need to make the gas infrastructure more
               | resilient.
               | 
               | When shit goes down, people need to be able to get fuel.
               | The populace at large is never going to be prepared
               | enough to deal with every gas station in the area going
               | down. Raise the cost of gas by 10 cents to cover the
               | costs. If every station is mandated to do so then they
               | won't have any issues with the margins as they will
               | simply all raise prices in concert.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | I don't live in SoCal. I live in rural Canada where I get
               | several power outages per year due to inclement weather
               | downing lines.
               | 
               | It sounds like there wasn't really a problem with gas
               | availability, in your case. You were able to get enough
               | gas to comfortably power a generator with no preparation
               | during one of the biggest emergencies the city has ever
               | seen. During the LA fires, the power cuts were to small
               | enough areas that you could have just driven to a
               | different area of the city. That sounds inconvenient, but
               | hardly worth the effort of building independent power
               | generation sources for the 10k+ gas stations in your
               | state.
               | 
               | A far better solution is to do what we do in my part of
               | Canada: a competently run power company that doesn't
               | arbitrarily shut off power due to failing infrastructure
               | setting billions of dollars worth of city on fire. We
               | don't have PSPS's despite living in a very fire prone
               | place with extreme weather because our infrastructure is
               | maintained much better.
               | 
               | Instead of forcing everyone to subsidize individual power
               | plants for gas stations to do long tail risk mitigation,
               | California should maybe invest in a grid that doesn't
               | regularly cause billion dollar fires.
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | You make a great point. Additionally, I know personally
               | of one house fire that was caused by sparks from a power
               | line falling on a stray gas can and lighting the whole
               | place on fire. If you combine bad infrastructure with
               | everyone storing a bunch of extra gas around the house,
               | then that might actually increase fire risk
               | significantly.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | It's also not something you really need to plan in
               | advance. It's ok if you can't pump gasoline for a day. If
               | there's some catastrophic outage that takes down an
               | entire region for days, you can hook up generators to the
               | pumps at that point. There are plenty of portable
               | generators out there. It's not like a hospital where
               | people will die if the power is out for more than a
               | minute.
        
           | cogogo wrote:
           | Think the some of the worst of it was for people stuck in
           | elevators. Don't have exact numbers but there were A LOT of
           | them. Emergency services were very busy freeing people. My
           | wife was stuck on a train and that wasn't so great either.
           | Toilets overflowed, ran out of water, eventually evacuated
           | and walked to the previous station. They were lucky to be
           | only a couple km away.
        
         | nunodonato wrote:
         | During peace, yes. If there is any sort of crisis, no
        
           | lljk_kennedy wrote:
           | You're right, of course. Notice I edited out the Swan Lake
           | reference in my quote -
           | https://www.npr.org/2021/08/19/1029437787/in-1991-soviet-
           | cit...
        
         | junon wrote:
         | When Whatsapp and a bunch of social media went down a few years
         | back I took a stroll outside that evening here in Berlin and
         | the streets were weirdly buzzing. It was a bit surreal.
         | 
         | Maybe some sort of bias but I also view things this way.
        
           | pino82 wrote:
           | I can remember I was at a birthday party and the entire topic
           | of the f*cking evening was when it will be online again. With
           | everybody checking every 23 seconds.
           | 
           | I left that 'party' quite early.
        
         | talkingtab wrote:
         | To perhaps add a dimension to the issue, imagine that one day
         | you woke up and the roads were not functional. Many people
         | would have a great time, as long as they knew the roads were
         | going to be functional later that day. If it turned into a
         | longer problem, the disruption would have vast and unpleasant
         | consequences.
         | 
         | We do not yet have an awareness of our dependence on
         | technologies, nor of how fragile those technologies can be. If
         | someone had suggested years ago that perhaps we should prepare
         | for a disruption in say, the egg supply, that would have
         | provoked laughter. And jokes like, well I really don't like
         | eggs. Or what about toilet paper hoarding? Given just those two
         | events alone, one might decide that disruptions are at least
         | somewhat of a possibility. That our past assumptions of an
         | unending supply of goods and services might not hold in the
         | future.
         | 
         | It is a funny comment, and there are several dependencies I
         | personally would not miss. Until I did.
         | 
         | Personally, the interesting concept is resiliency in general.
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | > To perhaps add a dimension to the issue, imagine that one
           | day you woke up and the roads were not functional. Many
           | people would have a great time, as long as they knew the
           | roads were going to be functional later that day. If it
           | turned into a longer problem, the disruption would have vast
           | and unpleasant consequences.
           | 
           | To be fair, this is a real scenario for people in snowy/and
           | or rural areas. It isn't uncommon for people in my area of
           | Canada to get snowed in for a few days.
        
       | swiftcoder wrote:
       | On a local level, I feel like we can probably do better than just
       | text messaging capabilities. Mesh network covering the village,
       | with someone running mirrors of essential services in their
       | basement (local email routing, wikipedia, etc)
        
         | nunobrito wrote:
         | just remember that even that won't last long. Electricity is an
         | expensive resource and you won't get spare parts to keep the
         | Wi-Fi running for long.
         | 
         | At most you will only be able to start a few Android-phone
         | hotpspots and share files. That is the reality of it.
        
           | Ginden wrote:
           | Electricity is not really an expensive resource for
           | communications. You need like a single rooftop to provide
           | WiFi for the entire village.
        
             | nunobrito wrote:
             | Maybe for professional communications. For cases where the
             | grid is gone, you will quickly see how quickly you stop
             | using electricity for luxuries such as that one.
             | 
             | At most you will be able to charge smartphones and small
             | devices with solar panels. Keeping a larger Wi-Fi router
             | running only on solar? Very seldom.
        
               | nicolaslem wrote:
               | The price of solar panels and batteries keeps falling.
               | You can go an Amazon today and get a setup that can power
               | a switch/router/AP 24/7 in winter for a few hundred
               | dollars.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | It isn't about the price.
               | 
               | Try to avoid understanding this difficulty from your own
               | shoes, but rather from the shoes of communities very
               | limited on what is reachable to them from a technical,
               | financial and logistical point of view.
               | 
               | I know you can solve it easily. I can solve it even more
               | easily myself.
               | 
               | Now see any disaster area, see any remote area. Setting
               | up Wi-Fi is invariably _never_ a priority for those in
               | such situations. Even as things settle, it is still more
               | practical to share files directly with each other.
               | 
               | When you see from that perspective then you are on the
               | domain of realistic solutions rather than keyboard level
               | on virtual forum.
        
               | nicolaslem wrote:
               | I don't disagree with that, but this point has nothing to
               | do with the comment I replied to.
        
               | stevenhuang wrote:
               | A mid range router uses about 10W or about a dollar a
               | month.
               | 
               | It will not be a problem at all to power it completely on
               | a small 100W panel.
        
       | blueflow wrote:
       | This article makes more sense if its coming from a city where
       | only the large telco's are present.
       | 
       | Here Dresden (Germany), there are several volunteer organisations
       | who laid wires through the city or have microwave-antennas (AG
       | DSN, Burgernetz, Freifunk), and there is a recently founded
       | internet exchange run by volunteers (DD-IX). So as long as we
       | have power, we got our own internet.
        
         | bjackman wrote:
         | It sounds like the author is envisaging a system that works
         | without power (as long as the batteries last).
        
           | lambdaone wrote:
           | The ISPs also have a system that runs without power so long
           | as _their_ batteries (and gensets) last. Typically 1 or 2
           | days without refuelling.
        
       | estsauver wrote:
       | * I would consider adding a T-1000 device to the recommended list
       | of devices, it's about the size of a credit card and works very
       | well to add Meshtastic to phones.
       | https://www.seeedstudio.com/SenseCAP-Card-Tracker-T1000-E-fo...
       | It's a lot easier (in my opinion) to get people to stash a radio
       | and remember how to power it to Bluetooth then to get setup from
       | 0 on a new device. I think I paid about 40 euros each when I
       | bought a pair.
       | 
       | * I have a Starlink mini--in the event that there is ever a
       | broadly disconnecting event I'd be happy to share access to it. I
       | keep it pretty much exclusively for emergency use and occasional
       | camping/rural holiday house vacations. You might want to consider
       | one too? They're ~250 euros new, which for someone who's starting
       | a club for anything seems like a plausible expense. I believe
       | there's a chinese version in case you don't want to trust the
       | whims and emotions of Musk. * https://kiwix.org/en/applications/
       | is pretty useful if you'd like to have an archive of technical
       | information, wikipedia, stack exchange etc.
       | 
       | * I try and keep whatever feels like the smartest open weight
       | LLMs at the time available so if something real bad ever happened
       | it'd still be available. I might add that idea to your
       | preparedness list too--I'd probably take LM Studio with Gemma 3
       | over another random engineer on the Meshtastic channel :)
       | 
       | * Would you share channel config details for your IRC community?
       | I'm happy to join.
        
         | MaKey wrote:
         | Regarding the T1000-E:
         | 
         | > Note: Currently, LR1110 radios are unable to receive
         | Meshtastic packets from the older SX127x radios, it requires a
         | breaking change to fix this. Transmitting works and when
         | hopping through an SX126x radio, you can still receive packets
         | from SX127x radios.
         | 
         | https://meshtastic.org/docs/hardware/devices/seeed-studio/se...
         | 
         | Its range is also much worse than the T-Echo's.
        
           | estsauver wrote:
           | I think that's totally fair if you're primarily working in
           | rural/not dense communities. If you're in a major city, in
           | practice it just doesn't matter and ease of use is king. In a
           | disaster, everyone with a meshtastic radio has it on. Your
           | messages will propagate just fine.
        
         | amenghra wrote:
         | Starlink mini has a monthly cost, right? So it wouldn't be just
         | ~250EUR but more like 250EUR + 50EUR/mo.
        
           | messe wrote:
           | I thought so too, but apparently on starlink roam you can
           | pause service (by the sounds of it, indefinitely), only
           | restarting when you need it:
           | 
           | > You have the ability to pause and unpause service at any
           | time, with billing occurring monthly.
           | 
           | Source: https://www.starlink.com/support/article/dd5b43b5-20e
           | 1-b29b-...
        
             | 0x445442 wrote:
             | If the internet is down how do you unpause the service?
        
               | messe wrote:
               | I think you still have access to whatever user-portal
               | starlink uses, so you can unpause it that way. But I have
               | not confirmed this, and could be mistaken. The
               | documentation only mentions that when you are out of data
               | you have access to that page, it doesn't mention anything
               | about when your plan is paused.
               | 
               | > If you exceed the allotted data on the Roam 50GB plan
               | and have not opted-in for additional data, you will be
               | unable to use the internet except to access your Starlink
               | account, from which you can add additional data or change
               | plans.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | If you're not using it you don't have to pay the monthly
           | cost. So buy the dish and just don't activate the service.
        
       | lormayna wrote:
       | I am into Meshtastic but the coverage, at least in Italy, is low
       | and depends a lot on the position. If you are in a city, you can
       | get many neighbors nodes, otherwise you need to be at high
       | altitude, relying on other nodes or use a directional antenna.
       | 
       | Anyway, it's a nice hobby to learn a lot about solar powered
       | systems and antennas/propagation.
       | 
       | I think that one of the best use cases for Meshtastic is to use
       | it during protests, especially in authoritarian countries.
        
         | powgpu wrote:
         | yeah it is kinda like starting your own internet
         | infrastructure.
         | 
         | For protest there are already bluetooth messenger for that:
         | 
         | https://briarproject.org
         | 
         | but yeah it is only for Android.
        
           | nunobrito wrote:
           | That is a crappy project. Please try it yourself to see how
           | badly it fails.
           | 
           | At present there simply exist no good BLE messengers any more
           | since recent updates to the BLE stack.
        
       | xvilka wrote:
       | Another thing is to update mesh stack to more modern language, to
       | improve security and resiliency - projects like B.A.T.M.A.N,
       | Babel, OSLR, FRRouting, etc would largely benefit from being
       | rewritten from pure C to language like Rust.
        
         | nunobrito wrote:
         | Being "modern" is a poor excuse. Code in C can be ported to
         | anywhere, code in your "modern" language can only be understood
         | by a few and is not portable anymore to other languages.
         | 
         | Please don't confuse security with resilience, they might be
         | connected in some dots but have fundamentally different
         | purposes.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | Why? I mean... we had many "modern languages" that are not
         | "modern" anymore, but the code in C still works, and when rust
         | loses the "language of the week" status, the code in C will
         | continue to be developed, and rust will be like go, ruby and
         | others.
        
           | xvilka wrote:
           | Because of the memory safety, better type system, and better
           | infrastructure of testing. There's even no well-maintained
           | property-based testing framework for C. Rust provides all of
           | this out of the box or with popular crates.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | Sure, multiple languages do that and many more will....
             | will you rewrite all the software ever written to any new
             | language that has something new? The current code works.
        
       | crimsoneer wrote:
       | As someone who has done a fair bit of playing with Meshtastic in
       | the last few months, it's worth really managing expectations...
       | it is in no way a replacement for any sort of internet. It's a
       | way of sending very short text messages, with a system that is
       | really quite flaky in any kind of built-up urban environment.
       | Don't get me wrong, it's great fun, but there's a reason stuff
       | like Ham radio is robust.
        
       | b0a04gl wrote:
       | but who has the gear, who keeps it charged, who actually shows up
       | when the net goes dark. tech's the easy part. the hard part is
       | getting 5 neighbors to agree on a channel, a meeting point, and a
       | backup plan they'll actually remember.
       | 
       | also, would be interesting to see people test these setups during
       | a planned outage. like simulate a real failure for 24 hours and
       | see what breaks. most systems look solid until you actually need
       | them
        
         | alganet wrote:
         | That's why you can't rely on it.
         | 
         | If things go bad, you need to own the tech completely. Be able
         | to setup a wifi hotspot with services that can help your
         | community (wikipedia, openstreetmaps, low-res movies), or have
         | pendrives with critical knowledge ready to be shared, etc.
         | 
         | The low power radio is more of a short term thing, for "what's
         | going on" soon after the first moments of a crisis. Building
         | long-term resilience is much harder.
         | 
         | IMHO, the loss of access to knowledge is much more detrimental
         | than access to a network of people. One can eventually get you
         | into the other, but there's only one you can actually own.
        
         | BLKNSLVR wrote:
         | I have a WAP on my shed roof and batteries that can power my
         | gear for a few hours without the grid. In the absence of other
         | WiFi networks the one atop my shed would stand out as a
         | rallying point.
         | 
         | (It's not switched on / connected at the moment - I tested it
         | out during COVID lockdowns, but no one else connected since we
         | didn't have power outages).
        
       | liotier wrote:
       | Mesh networks are the foundation - they are essential to disaster
       | resilience. Then what services to run over them ?
       | 
       | Real time chat: wild unsecure simplicity proven to run anywhere
       | (IRC), bells & whistles with contemporary security (Matrix), some
       | mesh native that almost no one knows ? What about post-disaster
       | onboarding of actual users ?
       | 
       | Store & forward messaging: SMTP & friends may work nicely, but
       | with actually distributed servers - in each local disaster POP.
       | Also needs timeout and retry parameters to keeping stuff in
       | queues practically forever.
       | 
       | Forums: anything better than ol' NNTP ? Other protocols merely
       | adopted intermittent indirect connectivity - NNTP was born in it
       | !
       | 
       | Is anything more sophisticated or more interactive realistic for
       | actual disaster ?
       | 
       | An onboarding kit with clients for each major OS (a la AOL CDROM
       | !) might be handy too, for snearkernet distribution over USB
       | dongles.
        
         | bkummel wrote:
         | I think the point of the article is not to use that mesh
         | network as a replacement for internet. I think the author's
         | idea is that the mesh network would provide the "resilience
         | club" a communication channel while they work on recovering the
         | regular internet.
        
           | lambdaone wrote:
           | The real "resilience teams" are going to be at the
           | telcos/ISPs, and they will have dark fibre between their
           | networks and autonomous backup power in their data centres.
           | They will be able to do IRC, VoIP telephony, email, etc.
           | between their networks over statically routed point-to-point
           | IP between their local networks even if BGP and the transit
           | networks go down so they can "black start" the Internet.
           | (Back in my ISP days, I remember reading about there being a
           | private telephone network just for AS operators' NOCs to talk
           | to one another quite independenty of the PSTN.)
           | 
           | For anything that takes even those out (eg. a "Big One" quake
           | in California), you fall back to radio hams and autonomous
           | radio links for the disaster services.
        
             | GTP wrote:
             | The article's author mentioned speaking with some telco
             | people, which apparently weren't aware of any resiliency
             | emergency plan. Maybe there's some difference between EU
             | countries and the USA on this.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | Post-disaster onboarding is complicated by app store lockdowns
         | and the difficulty of sideloading. Heck, even establishing
         | plain http or self-signed https connections is tricky on phones
         | now.
         | 
         | I'm sure someone smarter than me has a toolkit for these
         | things, I just don't know where to find it.
         | 
         | Store-and-forward-wise, NNCP is designed for this, but it's not
         | widespread yet.
        
           | wpm wrote:
           | I was just thinking about this sort of thing the other day.
           | Thinking if I need a techno 'bug out' bag, my Macs would be
           | the most useless ones to waste the weight on because if
           | anything happened I'd never be able to reinstall macOS
           | without phoning home to Apple for an activation.
        
             | myself248 wrote:
             | It's time to sell your soul to Big Penguin.
        
             | GTP wrote:
             | Throw-in a USB key with a Linux distro that works with your
             | Mac. You could also flash Ventoy on it, so that you can
             | have multiple distros in case you end up needing to boot
             | some other machine.
        
               | myself248 wrote:
               | Trouble is a Linux-on-a-key that you've never used
               | before, is still a long way from being productive without
               | a network to install all the packages you actually want
               | to use.
               | 
               | It takes me about a month after a reinstall or new
               | machine, to feel like I've really spread my wings and
               | have everything installed that I initially forgot about.
               | So I guess the recommendation would be "daily-drive it
               | for a month before refrigerating it". And at that point,
               | you might as well just make it your everyday machine.
        
               | cormorant wrote:
               | With Apple silicon, I'm not sure there _is_ such a thing
               | as a Linux USB boot. The install instructions for Asahi
               | begin from macOS.
               | 
               | Even if there were, it may be orthogonal to the anti-
               | theft online Activation feature that wpm was talking
               | about.
        
           | cormorant wrote:
           | > Heck, even establishing plain http ... connections is
           | tricky on phones now.
           | 
           | I had no idea. I guess this refers to app-store rules?
           | Related to https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifes
           | t/applicat... and https://developer.apple.com/documentation/s
           | ecurity/preventin... ?
           | 
           | Or is it even hard to browse to http webpages? (No problem on
           | iOS that I see.)
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | > a flood-forward mesh protocol
       | 
       | Is this scalable?
        
         | M2Ys4U wrote:
         | In a word, no.
        
       | lormayna wrote:
       | This module from SeedStudio is perfect for a small portable node.
       | https://www.seeedstudio.com/Wio-SX1262-with-XIAO-ESP32S3-p-5...
       | 
       | There is also a version with Rak chip instead that ESP32, that is
       | a lot less power hungry and it's perfect for a solar powered
       | module.
        
       | erremerre wrote:
       | Wouldn't having something like this, you automatically became a
       | target in case of the case of war?
        
       | dansmith1919 wrote:
       | Watch her 10-minute RIPE 90 talk and then listen to the first
       | "question" for a short tutorial on how to behave like a prick:
       | dude didn't even have a question, just wanted to let everyone
       | know how much he knew about a somewhat related subject
        
         | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
         | that is one of my pet peeves: people who try to dominate
         | discussions or make them about themselves (you might notice
         | they say "I" a lot)
         | 
         | another way you might see it manifest: a simple question is
         | asked, and without pausing to hear the answer, the questioner
         | then goes on a long speech about their personal experiences and
         | why they're asking the question and what the meaning of the
         | question is etc etc, rephrasing the question several different
         | times along the way
         | 
         | if you're actually interested in learning the answer to your
         | question: * _think*_ about the question first; compress it into
         | 1 short sentence (5-10 seconds long) ending in a question mark;
         | say it; and as soon as you hit the question mark, _immediately_
         | be silent so the answerer can actually _answer_ the question
         | and get to other questioners
         | 
         | if you're worried they might not understand the question that
         | way: do it _anyways_ , and if they don't, wait for a chance to
         | ask again (after others have had theirs)
        
       | wao0uuno wrote:
       | I tested meshtastic in a major european city with pretty much
       | 100% mesh coverage and its real life performance was quite
       | underwhelming. Often I would receive messages that I could not
       | reply to because of differences in antenna gain and crappy mesh
       | performance. Public chat was either completely dead or flooded
       | with test messages. Everything was super slow because the mesh
       | can't actually scale that well and craps out with more than a 100
       | nodes. Even medium fast channel would clog up fast. I would never
       | depend on meshtastic during an emergency because it barely works
       | even when nobody is using it. I think a public wifi mesh would be
       | more worthwhile. Older used wifi routers are pretty much free and
       | in unlimited supply. They use very little power. Everyone already
       | has a compatible client device on their pocket. Sure the mesh
       | would fail during a total blackout but at least it would be
       | useful for something when the power is up.
        
         | GardenLetter27 wrote:
         | Yeah, having gone through the blackout in Spain this would be
         | really useful (using phones).
         | 
         | Then only one person needs a generator and/or Starlink to
         | provide some connectivity.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | It's interesting how we're generally headed towards general
           | self sufficiency, off grid solar and wind power with
           | batteries because the grid won't pay you to sell it
           | electricity, mesh networks and satellite internet to get
           | around lazy local ISPs. All we need is a field where robots
           | grow food and we're back in the middle ages but with modern
           | tech. We've even got tech billionaires to stand in as feudal
           | lords and crazy right wing populists instead of inbred kings
           | with weird chins.
        
             | bandoti wrote:
             | Good premise for a cyberpunk novel. I recommend keeping the
             | weird chins though, because plastic surgery makes anything
             | possible!
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Yeah solarpunk is probably the most neglected out of all
               | existing sci-fi punks, probably cause it's actually kinda
               | nice and doesn't make a good setting for a gritty
               | depressing story?
        
             | edent wrote:
             | Where in the world are you? In the UK I get paid to sell my
             | excess solar back to the grid.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | That's usually the case if there's only a few people with
               | solar or if your local infrastructure is overbuilt, since
               | grids typically aren't designed to handle residential
               | power generation.
               | 
               | If there's too much solar in your area (which will be the
               | eventual end result everywhere) you get net billing,
               | where you don't get charged for the energy you use, but
               | they won't pay you a dime for anything over what you use
               | or will even disconnect you if you overproduce so the
               | local substation doesn't explode because it wasn't
               | specced for any of this shit.
               | 
               | The end result is that you don't get paid for any of your
               | daily overproduction and still get billed at night, the
               | worst of both worlds. It incentives people to buy
               | batteries and store the peaks, with grid power being
               | mostly optional.
        
               | Aachen wrote:
               | > they won't pay you a dime for anything over what you
               | use
               | 
               | In some places. If you're dumping excess energy onto
               | their network, in some regions they'll also charge you
               | for that
        
               | bigfatkitten wrote:
               | > That's usually the case if there's only a few people
               | with solar or if your local infrastructure is overbuilt,
               | since grids typically aren't designed to handle
               | residential power generation.
               | 
               | Australia has the highest density of residential rooftop
               | solar in the world, making up about 11% of the grid
               | supply. Feed-in tariffs are standard there.
        
             | pyrale wrote:
             | > It's interesting how we're generally headed towards
             | general self sufficiency, off grid solar and wind power
             | with batteries because the grid won't pay you to sell it
             | electricity
             | 
             | The grid will definitely pay you to sell it electricity if
             | you fulfill the industrial standards it expects.
             | 
             | The issue in your assessment is that the quality of service
             | provided by someone just setting up solar panels and
             | inverters and plugging that on the grid is the equivalent
             | of starting a skyscraper building company based on your
             | experience building your garden shed. It's not safe, you
             | won't understand why, and eventually you or someone else
             | will get hurt.
        
               | pmontra wrote:
               | I'd agree with you if I'd setup my solar panels. But if
               | I'd ever install solar at home I'd hire a company to do
               | all the setup. I believe that it would fulfill industry
               | standards.
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | Probably taking the "someone gets hurt" part too
               | literally, but inverters do turn off their outputs when
               | the grid goes down. It would take a lot of inverters to
               | make all the other inverters believe that the local part
               | of grid hasn't bee disconnected. I wouldn't be surprised
               | if they had special logic to detect even that case. Of
               | course, there _is_ the case of simply having too much
               | unregulated input to the grid, causing instability. But
               | AFAIK that has never happened anywhere, at least not in a
               | way bad enough to make the news. It is bound to happen if
               | current trends continue, but appropriate actions will be
               | taken at that point and have been taken in large solar
               | installations.
        
         | cedws wrote:
         | I'm surprised that phone manufacturers haven't already
         | implemented a mesh network. I guess you could kind of call
         | Apple's Find My network one, but if you want to smuggle
         | arbitary data the bandwidth is very low. Maybe Apple's new
         | mobile Wi-Fi chip is a precursor to an actual Internet mesh
         | network.
        
           | wat10000 wrote:
           | Battery life is a big deal and anything with decent speed
           | would hurt that a lot. People won't want to sacrifice their
           | battery to get strangers online.
        
             | econ wrote:
             | That is by design to keep you engaged. My current phone has
             | 7050 mah and 80w charging. I charge it twice per week or
             | so. If you have a slightly chaotic life you have to
             | consider charging 30 times per day, hoard cables and charge
             | powerbanks only to have it die anyway. Now I have one cable
             | that doesn't move and doesn't break.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | What is by design? Battery life? Poor battery life? Good
               | battery life?
        
           | roguecoder wrote:
           | Blackberry had one, but it didn't seem to be a feature
           | consumers particularly cared about when they fled to iPhones.
        
           | PokemonNoGo wrote:
           | I don't think they themselves need to implement it. During
           | the Hong Kong protests in 2019 they used apps like Bridgefy.
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | Wifi routers use quite a lot of power for the area that they
         | can cover. Ten watts or so for a hundred square meters is a lot
         | of you want to cover a whole city.
        
           | wao0uuno wrote:
           | Almost everyone has one of these running 24/7 already. Second
           | one with an external antenna wouldn't make much difference.
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | Everyone currently has electricity on demand
        
               | wao0uuno wrote:
               | Ukrainian grid has been targeted by russian drone and
               | missile strikes for years and it just keeps coming back.
               | Longest downtime (according to a quick google search) was
               | approximately 12 hours. Complete long term blackout in a
               | big European city is very unlikely these days.
        
               | pmontra wrote:
               | Long term as "days", yes. But all of Spain had a blackout
               | for at least 12 hours a few weeks ago. Turin, Italy, had
               | a 10 hours blackout yesterday.
        
               | PokemonNoGo wrote:
               | Makes me more impressed by the Ukranians honestly! After
               | Russia is banished they can teach the rest of Europe what
               | resilience looks like in this area.
        
           | apitman wrote:
           | Yes but in exchange you get way more bandwidth. No idea
           | whether it would be enough to run a city-scale text network
           | though.
        
             | bigfatkitten wrote:
             | With a range of maybe 100 metres line of sight, if you're
             | lucky.
        
         | TeamMCS wrote:
         | I agree with this assessment. I've been running two nodes for
         | about a year, maybe longer, and in that time, I've only had
         | perhaps two contacts.
         | 
         | Even with a YAGI or a dedicated pole antenna, both tuned to 868
         | MHz, the range in my location is quite poor. The signal seems
         | to drop off quickly, even after walking just a kilometer down
         | the road. While I understand that height is key (and my
         | antennas are fairly high), it appears that 868 MHz attenuates
         | very rapidly.
         | 
         | So, to reiterate, I don't believe Meshtastic is a particularly
         | effective solution. The principle behind it is sound, but the
         | practical execution falls short. I think established methods
         | like Hamnet and traditional amateur radio are far superior,
         | especially now with SDRs making a simple handheld radio
         | incredibly affordable (around EUR20)
        
           | hyperionplays wrote:
           | Have you tried the Reticulum network?
           | https://reticulum.network
           | 
           | I have been meaning to try it out
           | 
           | https://unsigned.io/rnode/
        
             | TeamMCS wrote:
             | I can't say I have. Let me look into it. Thanks for the
             | share
        
         | burnt-resistor wrote:
         | It's exactly like Mountain View Google WiFi.
        
           | apitman wrote:
           | Man that reminds me of Project Loon:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loon_LLC
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | Meshtatisc's routing is extremely primitive and inefficient.
         | 
         | https://www.disk91.com/2024/technology/lora/critical-analysi...
        
         | zikduruqe wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FabFi
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20111119205258/http://fabfi.fabf...
         | 
         | I had worked with this almost 15 years ago. It was a neat
         | project.
        
         | bigfatkitten wrote:
         | Meshtastic, like any other network (including mesh wifi) is not
         | immune to the requirement for some planning.
         | 
         | My area has a couple of very well-placed mountaintop ROUTERs
         | that tend to suppress most of the low level urban flooding
         | noise, and so local messaging out to 80km or so tends to be
         | pretty reliable. The same would be absolutely impossible with
         | wifi.
         | 
         | That's with 80 or so local nodes on LONG_FAST, population of
         | around half a million.
         | 
         | Thats said, Meshtastic's routing algorithm is extremely
         | inefficient and has huge room for improvement.
        
           | apitman wrote:
           | > My area has a couple of very well-placed mountaintop
           | ROUTERs that tend to suppress most of the low level urban
           | flooding noise
           | 
           | What does this mean exactly and how does it address GP's
           | concerns?
        
             | bigfatkitten wrote:
             | Different nodes can be configured to have different roles,
             | which impact in various ways the effectiveness of the
             | network. Having used Meshtastic, the previous poster will
             | have some familiarity with these.
             | 
             | https://meshtastic.org/docs/configuration/radio/device/
        
       | Fokamul wrote:
       | 1. Meshtastic / LoRa is just bad for communication, it has so
       | many problems
       | 
       | 2. In case of conflict, everyone who starts LoRa gets delivery of
       | artillery shell/rocket on their position.
       | 
       | Just like in Ukraine, try to go there and start up stock firmware
       | DJI drone there and see what happens :)
       | 
       | Same when using radios in UA, no.1 rule is to NOT use encrypted
       | radios, I like this example the most, because it goes against
       | common sense, why would you want to use unencrypted radios so
       | enemies can see your whole communication.
       | 
       | Reason behind this is following, encrypted radio traffic is very
       | interesting for enemy, so it means if someone using it, he must
       | be someone important -> send shell, badabum.
        
         | looofooo0 wrote:
         | If it is that easy to become an artillery target, you can use
         | it to your advantage. Randomly place LoRa devices in area near
         | the front (by autonomous or fiber optic drone drop to decrease
         | risk). Switch and off by some random timer and see the enemy
         | deplete its shells and drones.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | "the market can remain irrational longer then you can remain
           | solvent" applies in other circumstances too.
           | 
           | But the wider point is generally that just because something
           | is _less_ effective doesn 't make it useless, and just
           | because something is effective doesn't make it _dominating_.
           | 
           | If an enemy has an artillery advantage, then shelling obvious
           | decoys is still taking decoys off the field, which you now
           | need to replace. But worse, their existence is giving away
           | the fact you're active in the area, and their placement is
           | giving away your operational range - i.e. how far can a
           | person move on foot over rough terrain? How far in a vehicle?
           | etc. What's the effective range of their normal infantry
           | weapons - if you know there's a decoy then the trap has a
           | specific radius if it is a trap.
           | 
           | All on the bet that they will in fact run out of shells - or
           | in the case of drones, they won't even run out since a drone
           | can much more easily be re-targeted.
        
             | looofooo0 wrote:
             | Well you entering deep level of game theory here. Can you
             | distinguish the decoy from the real and what resources you
             | need to spend (e.g. LoRa device in a home)? How much is the
             | signal that you can deploy decoys worth? Isn't deploying
             | decoys below some noise level of frontline drone activity
             | and the enemy cannot learn nothing? How many shells do you
             | need to destroy a decoy? How certain you are about the
             | destruction?
        
       | rubyfan wrote:
       | I'm almost to the point of turning the internet off on purpose.
       | The noise level is so high it's almost not worth it anymore.
       | 
       | (but I get this is geared towards communication resilience)
        
       | Brendinooo wrote:
       | This sort of thing is interesting but I guess I've always found
       | it really hard to invest my limited time and money into prepper-
       | type stuff.
       | 
       | Are there use cases for this sort of thing that could make it
       | worthwhile even if doomsday doesn't arrive?
        
       | Elaris wrote:
       | I think we should focus on collaboration, not just individual
       | action. Many times, we don't react until a problem occurs. This
       | reminds us to be proactive, not reactive.
        
       | lambdaone wrote:
       | Mesh radio bandwidth is pretty poor. Firstly, you have to compete
       | with many interferers (albeit this might get better if the power
       | goes down), including other LoRa radios, but more to the point,
       | long-distance connections consume bandwidth and aquire delay and
       | delay variation at every intermediate hop. It might be reasonable
       | to use it for text messaging, but with _per-hop_ bandwidth
       | ranging from 0.3 kbps to 27 kbps, which will get divided down
       | further over shared multi-hop links it will be impractical to use
       | it for anything else except perhaps very-low-bandwidth telephony
       | over short distances or visiting minimalist text-only websites.
       | 
       | It _might_ make more sense if augmented by fixed multi-megabit
       | point-to-point microwave radio links to act as a backbone, with
       | LoRa only functioning as an access network.
       | 
       | I'd be interested to hear what experiences people have had with
       | doing this for real.
        
         | lambdaone wrote:
         | I've just realised I've talked my way into the idea of creating
         | per-city club-operated backbone networks based on something
         | like 100 Mbit point-to-point Ethernet-over-microwave links.
         | With tall buildings as hubs, you might actually be able to
         | build a decent mesh, with WiFi, LoRa or both acting as access
         | networks. You'd definitely want to throttle per-client
         | bandwidth to prevent people from abusing your very limited
         | long-range mesh bandwidth. None of this would be cheap; decent
         | microwave links cost thousands, and you'd need backup solar and
         | battery power for every part of the network.
         | 
         | I'd also consider thinking about using the "big ears, small
         | mouth" technique to push up bandwidth; if a fixed link using a
         | technology such as LoRa could transmit at a legal EIRP level,
         | but coupled this with a _really high gain_ parabolic dish (I 'm
         | thinking re-purposed satellite dishes) and low-noise amplifier
         | at each end on the receive side, you could get substantially
         | higher end-to-end Eb/No, and thus much higher bandwidth and
         | range than would otherwise be legally possible. At first
         | glance, the necessary hardware to do this looks quite doable,
         | either by active RF switching between antennae, or the use of a
         | hybrid/circulator to do the necessary duplexing. I'd be
         | interested to see if anyone has already built, or even
         | manufactures, something like this, and what the practical and
         | regulatory barriers are to implementation.
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | "Big ears, small mouth" is _exactly_ what the regulations are
           | designed to encourage, so I don 't foresee regulatory issues.
           | 
           | You don't even need extra hardware for the duplexing; the
           | common SX1276 chip has separate Tx and Rx pins which are
           | typically combined on the PCB. All you need is to route a PCB
           | that brings 'em out separately, if that's what you want to
           | do.
           | 
           | In practice it's tricky to aim two dishes the exact same
           | place, so using a single dish with a single antenna at its
           | focus is probably quite a bit more practical. The SX1276 also
           | has a PA control pin, invert that and you've got your LNA
           | control signal. Or don't bother with the LNA, and simply
           | mount the transceiver at the focus to minimize RF feedline
           | losses. You'd give up a smidgen of performance but gain a lot
           | of simplicity. (There would still be coax running down the
           | boom, but it would be carrying the wifi/bluetooth signal
           | outside the dish's aperture!)
        
         | bkummel wrote:
         | I think the point of the article is not to use that mesh
         | network as a replacement for internet. I think the author's
         | idea is that the mesh network would provide the "resilience
         | club" a communication channel while they work on recovering the
         | regular internet.
        
         | eimrine wrote:
         | That's true and proprietary modulation makes the situation
         | worse.
        
       | xondono wrote:
       | Sounds like a reinvented HAM radio club to me
        
       | jvanderbot wrote:
       | Just dropping a HAMWAN link for anyone who is interested in
       | higher power / longer range links. https://hamwan.org/
        
       | 1706213 wrote:
       | I would use Reticulum instead of Meshtastic.
       | https://reticulum.network
       | 
       | Pros: - it can actually scale past 20 devices - Forward secrecy
       | encryption - Is designed to support multiple underlying transport
       | systems such as TCP or LoRa - Announce based routing rather than
       | flooding the entire network which is order of magnitudes faster
       | Cons: - Not as many nodes as Meshtastic has - Python
       | implementation with no C implementation (can be speed up with
       | cython however)
        
         | stevenAthompson wrote:
         | Is it legal in the USA? I seem to recall that ham operators
         | aren't allowed to encrypt their traffic, that's one reason I
         | never got around to getting licensed. Maybe LoRs allows for it
         | because it's unlicensed?
        
           | stevenAthompson wrote:
           | Ignore me, I answered my own question. Encryption is still
           | illegal on HAM bands, but legal for things like LoRa that are
           | unlicensed (hence WiFi).
        
         | alnwlsn wrote:
         | Nice, it took less than a minute to find a PDF of the docs.
         | That's already more seriously "offline" than the alternatives.
        
       | firesteelrain wrote:
       | Why not something like WinLink which works over short and long
       | distances using Ham Radio? It even has an email gateway.
       | 
       | Then, there is JS8Call, PSK, SSB, FM, etc
        
       | xpe wrote:
       | One thought -- more of a question -- and I'm not the first person
       | to ask it -- How can we design a 'smaller' kind of internet? One
       | that is less data hungry, less commercial, but still sustainable
       | (how?), more of a community vibe, with distributed governance,
       | less enshittification. Think of it like a maintainable garden.
       | One that still works without a lot of extra effort, such as
       | constant browser 'innovations' or bandwidth upgrades. Something
       | more like a hardscaped garden instead of a typical American-style
       | monoculture grass lawn requiring nonstop interventions to make it
       | look pristine. This would have many benefits, including
       | resilience, redundancy, and archival. Yes, I realize I'm
       | conflating layers and maybe even asking too much. But sometimes
       | it feels good to dream. At the very least, it is a genuine
       | question I can use to evaluate various proposals and ideas in
       | this general area.
        
         | NoboruWataya wrote:
         | The Gopher and (more recently) Gemini protocols are something
         | like this.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)
         | https://geminiprotocol.net/
        
       | nancyminusone wrote:
       | >...all you hear is "Swan Lake" on repeat
       | 
       | Have I missed the meme on this one? What does this mean?
        
         | te_chris wrote:
         | I assume an allusion to when there was a coup in the 90's in
         | Russia the govt put the ballet on tv
        
       | pwndByDeath wrote:
       | Its been on HN before but its worth a repeat
       | https://reticulum.network/ Its got more optimization for a low
       | bandwidth LoRa without the brute force stuff of meshtastic
        
       | 1oooqooq wrote:
       | people will try to design a plan to save humanity with Chinese
       | radios, but won't sign up for a basic technician license. sigh
       | 
       | so many wrong assumptions on that article.
        
       | alnwlsn wrote:
       | I've found Meshtastic is simply not ready to be set up in an
       | environment without internet, as I discovered when I brought some
       | of the boards I bought with me on vacation to a rural area with
       | more space to test them, but very limited internet.
       | 
       | The entirety of the meshtastic project is web first.
       | 
       | - To flash your boards, the suggested method is their "Web
       | Flasher", and if you download the firmware source, it depends on
       | PlatformIO (and the internet) to download and install the
       | toolchains and flasher programs you need.
       | 
       | - The clients for meshtastic are available on the app stores, or
       | as a web app at https://client.meshtastic.org/ None of these are
       | offline. I did later learn the boards themselves host the web
       | app, but they still have to be connected to an Wifi AP, you don't
       | get it just by plugging the board into your computer.
       | 
       | - The docs are _hosted_ at https://meshtastic.org/docs. "Download
       | Docs" or "How to self host this project" are not topics described
       | there or anywhere else. A technical person could figure this out,
       | but this is seemingly not a primary concern.
       | 
       | I suppose this is the very point of this post, to get people to
       | have it all set up beforehand, but not even having the docs as a
       | PDF I can read offline? I learned about Meshcore too in this
       | thread, but if I go to their site and the "getting started" guide
       | is a Youtube video, then you're not ready for an emergency!
        
         | hosh wrote:
         | Hearing this is exciting to me, because it is a very concrete
         | and actionable target for a true "local-first" ecosystem and
         | infrastructure.
         | 
         | I was very disappointed to find that the "local-first"
         | manifesto was not the "local-first" as I understood it. In my
         | mind, I should be able to connect an app on my phone to another
         | phone via bluetooth, and sync without going through a central
         | server. However, it makes very little economic sense, if
         | someone is building a SAAS product that locks customers into
         | dependencies on a central server where services can be metered
         | and billed. To my mind, those are "offline-first".
         | 
         | I have thought about what it would take to build a local-first
         | software forge and package distribution, and yet, I couldn't
         | see a good reason to expend that effort. We have a lot of the
         | pieces ... with this example -- if we want to be able to expand
         | a meshtastic network _after_ a disaster, then the whole
         | tooling, development, etc. needs to be local-first and
         | resilient.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | I only ever flash via CLI or via "drag & drop" method. The web
         | flasher is great for first-timers but there are 100%-offline
         | methods for all the devices.
         | 
         | The android client .apk can be downloaded directly from github
         | at https://github.com/meshtastic/Meshtastic-Android/releases
         | 
         | I do agree though, I feel there should be more effort to
         | support "long term lack of internet" use case.
        
         | meehow wrote:
         | - Compiled firmware is available on GitHub, packed together
         | with a script for flashing it.
         | 
         | - You can use Meshtastic CLI.
         | 
         | - Docs are in git repository in .mdx format:
         | https://github.com/meshtastic/meshtastic
         | 
         | All "sins" you mentioned are results of trying to be more
         | convenient for users used to web browsers. Current state of web
         | is pretty far from being decentralized, including web3.
        
       | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
       | I feel like the better path to resiliency is not persistent radio
       | connections between hobbyists on other sides of the state but
       | rather intermittent ones between people on opposite sides of the
       | bus and an application layer that arranges for people who are
       | heading that way anyhow to carry "internet" traffic on a
       | filesystem in their pocket.
       | 
       | You just get a different type of threat landscape when each hop
       | is also an opportunity to shake somebody's hand and attest that
       | the holder of their private key is a real human. It creates a
       | minimal trust layer you can then build on. You don't get that
       | with a hardware address found drifting on the wind.
       | 
       | Both modes have some potential to attract harmful attention to
       | network operators based on the behavior of their users, but to a
       | very different degree. So far as I know nobody is kicking down
       | meshtastic operators' doors looking to follow a transmission to
       | its source, but I think that would change if the other modes of
       | long range skulduggery were to fail.
       | 
       | The most resilient infrastructure would be one with no high value
       | targets: one where each user is equally an operator.
        
         | goda90 wrote:
         | This idea sounds a lot like Secure Scuttlebutt[0]. I'm not sure
         | the state of it. The client they link to on their website
         | ceased development awhile ago.
         | 
         | [0]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Scuttlebutt
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | I think that secure scuttlebutt (SSB) is a very good start,
           | but eventually we'll need something besides an append-only
           | log. Something that removes data that is no longer
           | interesting. Something that, when it runs up against its
           | storage quota, prunes data based on whether it is more/less
           | trusted or likely to be interesting to a peer. Something that
           | knows which peers I'm likely to be near in the future, knows
           | which topics they're subscribed to, and which tries to be an
           | efficient mailman based on that understanding.
           | 
           | But yeah, my vision is pretty much just SSB all grown up.
        
         | hashstring wrote:
         | > to carry "internet" traffic on a filesystem in their pocket.
         | What do you mean?
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | Well "internet" gets quotes because if the source and the
           | destination are disconnected when the message arrives then
           | they're not on the internet.
           | 
           | It might look something like this: As you stand in line at
           | the grocery store your device notices that a nearby device
           | (the guy behind you) belongs to somebody who is trusted by
           | one of your peers in the "gardening" topic. You're not a
           | gardener, but your room mate is. So your device pulls a
           | gardening related update from their device. Then as you head
           | home with groceries your device is not connected to anything,
           | it's just sitting in your pocket with a filesystem full of
           | data. And then when you get home your roommate's device gets
           | a notification about a reply to their question on a gardening
           | related message board. That data came to them on your device.
           | It traveled a few feet wirelessly at the grocery store, and a
           | few feet wirelessly at home, but the majority of the transit
           | was handled the slow way, by hitching a ride on a human who
           | was traveling that way anyhow.
           | 
           | It would only work for small bits of latency tolerant data,
           | and work best for information of broad interest (not so great
           | for an encrypted email to a single party, pretty good for map
           | tiles, open/closed hours, restaurant menus, etc). The
           | simplest app to build on such a platform would be a sort of
           | of distributed BBS. VoIP would be nearly impossible. But I
           | think that small snippets of high latency text can get you
           | pretty far.
        
             | hashstring wrote:
             | Interesting idea, thanks now I understand!
        
           | bmn__ wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneakernet
        
         | Karrot_Kream wrote:
         | nncp [1, 2] is probably the best Sneakernet tool I've found.
         | It's very UNIX-y which makes it pretty hard to operate if
         | you're not technical but would also make it pretty easy to wrap
         | around with a UI. You have to explicitly add a list of
         | "neighbors" to your configuration and you can send "packets"
         | either by spooling to file or using a TCP/Noise connection. You
         | can also send data hop-by-hop and is e2e encrypted.
         | 
         | [1]: http://www.nncpgo.org/
         | 
         | [2]: https://www.complete.org/nncp/
        
           | cbsmith wrote:
           | ...and it's close relative NNTP. There was a whole
           | distribution structure built out of intermittent data
           | transmission. We've had the tools for this stuff for a long
           | time, we've just switched to centralized, always available
           | services because that's easier to build a company around.
        
         | roguecoder wrote:
         | America is sprawling, unfortunately. That kind of approach
         | would work in cities, but would be much less effective where
         | people aren't taking the bus or even being around other people
         | on a daily basis.
         | 
         | The advantage of something that can reach 6 miles is that it
         | could cover suburbia and rural areas with ~20-40 acre plots
         | relatively effectively.
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | Yeah it's not ideal for sparse populations but I think you
           | could get a lot of coverage by just running a node with a
           | solar panel wherever your mailbox is and also having your
           | mail driver put a node in their vehicle.
           | 
           | Really the thing I'm trying to push back against is the idea
           | that the entire path between them must be connected all at
           | once in order for two parties to communicate. If we design
           | for short range, partition-tolerant, pocket-to-pocket
           | background gossip, then that same protocol will work just
           | fine if you attach specialty radio hardware and give it miles
           | worth of range, and you've still got the fallback ready for
           | cases where all you have is consumer grade hardware.
           | 
           | On the other hand, if you design for persistent connectivity
           | and then try to use it in an intermittently-connected
           | context, you're going to have a much worse time.
        
         | apitman wrote:
         | Maybe I'm being a little too cyberpunk but it would be cool if
         | the system somehow rewarded people for delivering messages over
         | a long physical distance. You could end up with a courier
         | community where runners spend some time walking around high-
         | traffic areas collecting sent messages then jog to the other
         | end of town so the encrypted messages can find their
         | recipients.
        
       | esafak wrote:
       | The problem with these things is that people have no urgency to
       | prepare, by pro-actively improving software and documentation, or
       | even simply installing them. They need to be something people get
       | value out of even before disaster hits, by improving performance
       | or decreasing costs, for example.
        
       | Bender wrote:
       | For grid-down data my preference would be laser instead of RF as
       | laser is regulated by the FDA and not the FCC not that either
       | would take interest. With laser one could send incredibly large
       | amounts of data very fast. It's more manual setup but I would
       | expect once set up it would be far more reliable, better for
       | setting up mountain top repeaters and meshes. Laser is also
       | better for data privacy _encryption aside_ as the beam is
       | directed to a target vs. omnidirectional broadcasting. During
       | grid-down most people that would be using a mesh would be at
       | static locations. One could then bridge in these RF
       | omnidirectional devices into the mountain and home repeaters to
       | prevent over-saturation.
       | 
       | Another nifty feature of a manually positioned laser is the
       | automatic measurement of time domain. One could have an optional
       | security feature to automatically disable the data-stream if the
       | time domain of the laser changes in physical distance of more
       | than {n} user-defined meters or centimeters to prevent MitM
       | _(Monster in the Middle)_ beam interception for the extra
       | properly paranoid types.
       | 
       | There can be weather issues for laser but for that one could fall
       | back to voice using any one of the hundreds of makes and models
       | of HAM gear that can operate on and around 11 meters by moving a
       | jumper or holding down two buttons when it is powered on.
       | _Illegal but only enforced by monthly example of someone
       | impacting revenue generating sites. Voice changers and scramblers
       | FTW. RF signature ignored. Don 't use sloppy SDR's._ In a grid
       | down event TLA's will be busy with higher priority issues _and
       | will "look into it" eventually_ by which point the transceivers
       | mysteriously vanish assuming one can even get the TLA to show up.
        
       | cameldrv wrote:
       | One thing I've been very curious about along these lines is
       | troposcatter systems. These, depending on the bandwidth, power,
       | and antenna size available, should allow you to get tens to
       | hundreds of megabits over up to hundreds of miles with moderate
       | sized dishes. The military has some of these systems, but I
       | haven't seen too much ham activity with them.
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | > Initially I looked into ham radio, but it is just too
       | expensive, difficult, and power-hungry to be practical.
       | 
       | Beg to disagree here. 30 dollars for a cheap-ass Quansheng will
       | get you pretty far as long as a repeater is in reach (if it's
       | Echolink capable, worldwide), and a bunch of repeaters for all
       | kinds of modes are tied together not only via the Internet but
       | also via AMPR / HamNet [1]. APRS and DMR capable devices are in
       | the 200 dollar range.
       | 
       | For high bandwidth data communication it becomes a bit more
       | involved - Ubiquiti hardware for example can be trivially
       | software-modified to transmit on the amateur radio ranges, which
       | is how that gear ends up powering a lot of HamNet stations.
       | Sadly, unless there's a HamNet node on a nearby large structure
       | you'll _probably_ need to raise a tower large enough to achieve
       | line-of-sight to the nearest HamNet node.
       | 
       | For people in reach of the QO-100 satellite (i.e. Europe, Africa,
       | about half of Asia), there have been experiments to use that
       | satellite not just as a repeater for voice and video, but also
       | data [2].
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMPRNet
       | 
       | [2] https://forum.amsat-dl.org/index.php?thread/4306-npr-vsat-
       | ip...
        
       | 7373737373 wrote:
       | I don't understand this fascination with networks that require
       | special hardware to intermediate between end user nodes. Would be
       | much nicer if things just ran, zero-click, via WiFi, on most
       | common computers, netbooks and phones, pure p2p with automatic
       | forwarding, no?
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network
       | 
       | By requiring special hardware, and be it just some common router,
       | or any sort of special technical skill, you are already excluding
       | 99.99% of the world population...
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | This isn't about convenience and accessibility so much as
         | resiliency in emergencies.
         | 
         | You can run LoRa from a small power bank for days, or run it
         | off of a small battery and solar panel indefinitely. Wifi is
         | much more power hungry. Wifi also doesn't offer kilometres of
         | range, making that power cost largely wasteful.
         | 
         | In an emergency, if you have limited power, WiFi will exclude
         | 100% of the population simply because it's not practical to
         | operate at all. LoRa, even if it enables 0.01% of the
         | population (primarily experts in the technology) in that
         | emergency, is a greater benefit to everyone at that time.
         | 
         | WiFi is a peace time technology based around a rich
         | infrastructure that is not resilient in emergencies. If you
         | skimmed the article you should check it out again. She details
         | this stuff, and it's actually really interesting and worth
         | understanding if you're into this stuff:                   LoRa
         | radios have several advantages for use in emergency
         | communications:                  no centralized infrastructure
         | needed         no license needed         cheap (starting at
         | ~EUR20)         low-power (< 1W, can power with an ordinary
         | mobile phone powerbank)         runs open source Meshtastic
         | firmware         can send text messages across several line-of-
         | sight hops (several kms)         can connect via Bluetooth or
         | WiFi to phones/computers         many urban areas have a good
         | Meshtastic network already
        
           | 7373737373 wrote:
           | WiFi (with extra hardware, mostly antennas/routers, not too
           | expensive anymore either) CAN offer (even tens of) kilometers
           | of range, at least point to point:
           | https://youtube.com/watch?v=lYJFwXw1ZIc
           | 
           | https://eu.store.ui.com/eu/en/category/wireless-
           | ltu-5ghz/pro...
           | 
           | only 9W max power consumption too! well, that's not a few
           | hundred milliwatts, still, better then ye olde lightbulb
           | 
           | PLUS gigabit throughput
           | 
           | if only our network stacks and protocols didn't assume
           | hierarchical (local) networks by default, and kernels
           | included p2p network stacks, then i'd feel more confident
           | about blackouts being handled more gracefully
           | 
           | well, i suppose all this depends heavily on the nature of the
           | emergency
           | 
           | generally i'm surprised that the sheer computational power of
           | modern smartphones are not used more for this purpose, i
           | haven't come across much true p2p software
           | 
           | on another note, there is still no (truly) cross-platform
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirDrop standard (especially
           | one without artificial limitations), which is a shame
           | 
           | also i want to note that smartphones can even communicate
           | directly with satellites now:
           | https://youtube.com/watch?v=v30z-0bGbHQ
        
             | steve_adams_86 wrote:
             | Yes, I use my phone over satellite regularly now. It's
             | still amazing to me that it's possible. Phones are a great
             | tool here because everyone truly does have them, they're
             | portable, and they have large rechargeable batteries that
             | can charge from countless sources over USB. So, it does
             | seem like we could use them to great effect to create
             | networks when other systems go down. I'm not sure they can
             | handle long range comms due to requiring antennas, but
             | close-range in cities might work well. I'm not sure what
             | routing on that mesh would look like, or how busy it would
             | get and how well phones could handle that.
             | 
             | Satellites could be an important component here, but
             | there's always the need for redundancy. They can be
             | compromised too, and you don't own them.
             | 
             | The LTU Extreme Range hardware is way, way more expensive
             | than a LoRa radio, and it still uses quite a bit of power
             | (relatively). It still seems far from ideal in situations
             | where you can't depend on power utilities. Great point
             | though, I wasn't aware that exists. It appears you need the
             | one you linked as well as the Rocket as its base station,
             | which puts it close to $800 CAD after taxes.
        
       | bb88 wrote:
       | Meshtastic isn't very good (at least before their 2.6 release)
       | [3].
       | 
       | It's clear they didn't research any historical mesh network
       | schemes (ALOHAnet [0] and other MANETs [1]) when writing it. And
       | flood routing more or less kinda worked, but as it go popular, it
       | stopped working reliably. There's a video from Jeff Geerling
       | about it and he was generous I think when he called Meshtastic
       | "Beta" [4].
       | 
       | Meshtastic a few years ago released a youtube video describing
       | how it worked, and there wasn't anything about topology
       | resolution, it was pretty much about signal strength and device
       | type [2].
       | 
       | This caused an issue because anyone could create a router. And
       | often they did. And when they did, this could break routing
       | because the router is in the other direction of where the
       | originator wanted the traffic could go.
       | 
       | They also prioritized letting the edges forward the message on.
       | AFAICT they could only detect this by signal strength. So a badly
       | performing node (bad antenna or maybe a node turned on in a
       | basement) could get priority.
       | 
       | The last issue is congestion. Nodes can send telemetry, often
       | rather quickly, but that could get flooded on the network. And
       | with a hop count max of 7, it often will go where it's not
       | wanted, wasting the network bandwidth -- as nobody really cares
       | about one particular node's battery life.
       | 
       | So in a dense Meshtastic metro (I can see multiple sites) I
       | couldn't reliably get a message to a friend in the same city. The
       | lesson is that the hardware is better than the software at this
       | point. And there's no use using it until they fix their software.
       | [3]
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOHAnet
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network
       | 
       | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7v6UbC5blJU
       | 
       | [3] I did some research on meshtastic and after finding and
       | watching [2] I gave up on meshtastic, because it's clear that
       | weren't super serious on routing algorithms, nor basic wikipedia
       | reading. Version 2.6 maybe better, but there's a slew of nodes on
       | 2.4 yet. And I don't want to bother with it anymore -- at least
       | until they fix their reliability problems.
       | 
       | [4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A7A-CSd3e4
        
       | 6510 wrote:
       | Things would improve a lot if we added offline abilities to html
       | documents. I think atm there is no way to guarantee a website
       | stays in the cache(?)
       | 
       | Designing a system to decide when to keep something is tricky.
       | Maybe each visit and each click should extend the expiration date
       | and increase the storage for static documents. Say, 10 visits
       | should be enough to buy 1 mb of permanent storage to be spend on
       | however many pages it takes starting with the frequently visited
       | pages then a manifest or the order of links on the front page
       | then the first from each sub page etc
       | 
       | It should also be possible to have the browser manage updates
       | rather than every man for himself with each website testing the
       | connection, checking for updates and stitching things back
       | together again. There are quite a few schemes it could follow,
       | smaller requests would require more complicated backends.
       | Different pages with different update frequencies.
       | 
       | I think the single star bookmark button could have 1-5 stars with
       | 5 assigning somewhat generous data to the website and 3+ allowing
       | a prompt for very large things.
       | 
       | Then, since I'm serving static content anyway I really couldn't
       | care less how the user obtains the files. If there is a copy of
       | the website on a network all you need is a public key or to trust
       | the user (at the price of annoying prompts warning you on every
       | page view and every request)
       | 
       | If it all works well enough HN could be a tiny website managing
       | only active discussions. If you have the key and a working
       | connection to some other users most of the archive could be
       | there. The catching priority could change to the rarest pages.
        
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