[HN Gopher] The international standard for identifying postal items
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       The international standard for identifying postal items
        
       Author : surprisetalk
       Score  : 105 points
       Date   : 2025-06-12 15:02 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.akpain.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.akpain.net)
        
       | Ecco wrote:
       | With a limit of 10 million different serial numbers, I wonder how
       | China does it. I can't come up with a decent estimate, and maybe
       | I'm way off. But with the growth of sellers like Shein or Temu, I
       | wouldn't be surprised if they shipped that many parcels in like a
       | single day ? Or at least in a timeframe short enough that they
       | would have over 10 million shipped but yet-to-be-delivered
       | parcels, effectively running out of tracking numbers.
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | You could hate it by an internal metric, like date received.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | What helps is that they don't ship direct from China by mail
         | much. They often send in bulk to the destination country and
         | then mail locally, and local post systems can have their own
         | domestic format.
         | 
         | Or they have their own private courier do the last mile
         | delivery too so it never touches any postal operator.
        
           | bravesoul2 wrote:
           | Do they? In Australia usually get them direct from HK or
           | China because it is cheaper to do that even than post it
           | within Australia!
        
         | wombatpm wrote:
         | Service type and serial need to be unique. Countries control
         | what that 2letter field means. There is no rule against
         | multiple codes indicating the same service. So AA through AZ
         | would give you 260,000,000 unique combinations that you
         | shouldn't reuse for 1 year. Rinse, later and repeat if you need
         | more.
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | And I wonder what was the constraint to not make it longer when
         | they developed the standard. Making it a few digits more seem
         | it wouldn't cost much.
        
           | omcnoe wrote:
           | The cost will be in updating every legacy postal system that
           | currently has fixed column lengths/input field length limits.
        
             | topsecret wrote:
             | Yes, now, but the person you're replying to was asking
             | about at inception.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | Yeah. Apparently last year they shipped over _two million_
         | small parcels to Finland (pop. 5.6M) alone, which is completely
         | bollocks.
        
         | benced wrote:
         | Even the US must easily run into this constraint.
        
         | zinekeller wrote:
         | > With a limit of 10 million different serial numbers, I wonder
         | how China does it.
         | 
         | The author has issued a correction, it's 100 million numbers
         | per service indicator. But even then, it's probably not enough.
         | 
         | The boring answer is that your shipping options are either get
         | untracked postal service (which the S10 standard does not
         | apply) or use a private courier (which also does not use the
         | S10 standard).
         | 
         | If you insist, you got two options for UPU-based postal
         | tracking: normal e-commerce parcel aka H-codes, practically
         | 2,300,000,000 trackable packages per year [1]. EMS is the other
         | route, and there are another 2,300,000,000 trackable packages
         | per year [2]. However, in my experience tracked postal delivery
         | is only used in certain countries where it is more advantageous
         | than private delivery (like until very recently in the US, for
         | complicated reasons [3]), while other destinations has a more-
         | than-willing private delivery partner (that is not the Big
         | Three [4]) or even set up the delivery systems themselves.
         | 
         | 1: 23 service indicators: HA-HW, HX-HZ are reserved for
         | multilateral/bilateral use only
         | 
         | 2: another 23 service indicators: EA-EW, EX-EZ are reserved for
         | multilateral/bilateral use only
         | 
         | 3: https://www.thewirechina.com/2020/11/22/delivering-chinas-
         | ma...
         | https://www.ft.com/content/a1233f3e-d21a-11e8-a9f2-7574db66b...
         | 
         | 4: DHL, FedEx, and UPS
        
         | somat wrote:
         | Is the serial number even in base 10? the other parts of the
         | number allow letters, the article does not say, but it could
         | easily be base 36. which is close to 3 trillion serials.
         | 
         | Plus a bonus rant: this is one of those things that looks like
         | a number and as such you are tempted to use a number to store
         | it, but its not, it's a string, you will never do math on it so
         | it is not a number. see also: phone numbers, social security
         | numbers, serial numbers.
         | 
         | and sheepish bonus update: there is a checksum, so math is done
         | on it. wonder if the checksum makes more or less sense in base
         | 36? probably less, the checksum almost looks base12-ish, the
         | mod(11), but there are special cases for two digit values so it
         | is probably base 10.
        
           | woooooo wrote:
           | Eh, your comment here was checksummed several times as well
           | crossing the network. Doesn't make it "a number".
        
         | crtified wrote:
         | The short answer is probably : in-house consolidation.
        
       | forth_fool wrote:
       | Isn't 8 digits closer to 100 million unique numbers than to 10?
        
         | notpushkin wrote:
         | It's _exactly_ 100 million unique numbers.
        
         | akpa1 wrote:
         | Author here - yep! It is, that was a typo in the article.
        
           | mianm wrote:
           | BTW, the correction in the post has the year as 2026 instead
           | of 2025.
        
             | akpa1 wrote:
             | Ha, thanks for the heads up
        
       | bloak wrote:
       | Does that complex algorithm for the check digit have any
       | advantage over the much simpler algorithm used for EANs or
       | 13-digit ISBNs?
        
       | nojs wrote:
       | I'm surprised this article didn't mention the LPC code [1]
       | 
       | 1. https://youtu.be/jPhXVrp0_oI
        
       | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
       | Does anyone know what's going on with the DataMatrix code next to
       | the address on some mail, such as periodicals such as magazines,
       | which contains the full name and address of the recipient in what
       | looks to be a standardized format with field separators?
        
       | lysace wrote:
       | I find some kind of solace in the 100% acceptance of some global
       | standards. We can all agree on at at least some things.
        
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