[HN Gopher] Student discovers fungus predicted by Albert Hoffman
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Student discovers fungus predicted by Albert Hoffman
        
       Author : zafka
       Score  : 155 points
       Date   : 2025-06-11 00:36 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (wvutoday.wvu.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (wvutoday.wvu.edu)
        
       | zer00eyz wrote:
       | > drug LSD, which is used to treat conditions like depression,
       | post-traumatic stress disorder and addiction.
       | 
       | Umm, ok, sure thats what it's used for.
       | 
       | That one sentence just points to a large issue with the whole
       | tone of this article. Clearly LSD is still a problem child.
        
         | AngryData wrote:
         | How is it a problem child? The only problem is the fed's
         | blanket ban of it like many other drugs that do have known
         | medical uses. Feds still classify marijuana as schedule 1 with
         | no medical uses, and yet multiple states allow you to buy it
         | freely. Just don't invite the feds to your house.
        
           | SequoiaHope wrote:
           | "LSD: My Problem Child" is the name of Hofmann's book.
           | 
           | https://global.oup.com/academic/product/lsd-9780198840206?la.
           | ..
        
         | garciasn wrote:
         | Please be serious: alcohol is a real problem child but it's
         | widely used and legal.
         | 
         | Cannabis and LSD have their issues, sure; but, so do so many
         | other drugs that aren't schedule I.
         | 
         | Scheduled drugs are simply politicized to separate the
         | 'desirables' from the 'un-'.
        
           | knowitnone wrote:
           | are you saying alcoholics are desirables because I have a
           | different view on them
        
             | fuzzer371 wrote:
             | No, it's because the "Undesirables" simply have a skin tone
             | that isn't white.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | pretty sure LSD is readily found amongst white people at
               | predominantly white universities.
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | Yes, but it was the dirty hippies taking it, not the god
               | fearing white male conservatives. They just smoked
               | cigarettes and drank until they died.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | to be clear, a lot of the dirty hippies smoked cigarettes
               | and drank till they died too. maybe some heroin too.
               | 
               | source: my family
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | Yes of course, but the point was that the hippies were
               | part of the undesirables, along with the black folks, the
               | mexicans, and any women who wanted to say, own private
               | property or have a bank account.
        
               | worik wrote:
               | Look at what Timothy Leary and Ken Keasy were saying
               | about LSD
               | 
               | Turn on. Tune in. Drop out.
               | 
               | Apart from being really stupid advice it was viewed,
               | correctly, as a direct threat to the established order.
               | The established order is very bad (no arguments now?) but
               | Tim and Ken were being very stupid and bought a whole
               | load of shit down and put psychedelics back 40 years
        
             | mynameisash wrote:
             | It's extremely well-known and documented that the War on
             | Drugs was racially motivated, and hence drugs used by
             | certain minority groups more than the majority white
             | population were made illegal.
             | 
             | GP's comment isn't suggesting alcoholics are desirable, but
             | that people who preferred alcohol over other drugs were
             | historically part of the "desirable" group. That's my
             | reading of GP's intent, anyway.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | are you acknowledging that alcohol was made illegal in
               | the US for white people and only re-legalized after those
               | laws proved unenforceable and fed the growth of white
               | organized crime?
               | 
               | there was a lot of racism in US legal history, but don't
               | try to make drugs and white people who wanted to do drugs
               | the victims, it was non-white people who were the victims
               | directly.
        
         | m3047 wrote:
         | "problem child" is an allusion to Hoffman's own
         | characterization.
        
           | SequoiaHope wrote:
           | Indeed. "LSD: My Problem Child" is the name of Hofmann's
           | book:
           | 
           | https://global.oup.com/academic/product/lsd-9780198840206?la.
           | ..
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | You should read / watch Michael Pollan's "How to change your
         | mind" https://m.imdb.com/title/tt21062540/
        
       | doormatt wrote:
       | > The researchers prepared a DNA sample and sent it away for
       | genome sequencing, funded by a WVU Davis College Student
       | Enhancement Grant obtained by Hazel. The sequencing confirmed the
       | discovery of a new species and the sequence is now deposited in a
       | gene bank with her name on it.
       | 
       | > "Sequencing a genome is a significant thing," Panaccione said.
       | "It's amazing for a student."
       | 
       | Question - how is it significant, considering they sent it off to
       | another company to do the sequencing?
        
         | randomNumber7 wrote:
         | She did want to say: "It is amazing for a student to get this
         | much success by a half accidental discovery"
         | 
         | Then she thought about things incomprehensible for programmers
         | and said the other sentence.
        
           | therein wrote:
           | > incomprehensible for programmers
           | 
           | You should stop projecting. I understand something may be
           | incomprehensible to you and you happen to call yourself a
           | programmer. That doesn't mean you're correct about either.
        
         | vanderZwan wrote:
         | I'm expecting the significant thing is knowing which DNA to
         | sequence. Also, if I'm reading the article correctly she
         | isolated the DNA being sequenced first, so it's not like she
         | just sent in the fungus and offloaded all of the work.
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | I think what they mean is:
         | 
         | sequencing a genome [of a new species] is a significant thing
        
         | buckle8017 wrote:
         | A full human sequence is only 2-5k USD so it's about money.
         | 
         | I doubt she wrote the grant, professor looks like he would give
         | certain students undue credit.
        
           | esseph wrote:
           | > professor looks like
           | 
           | Sounds awful already
           | 
           | > ... he would give certain students undue credit.
           | 
           | What the fuck???
           | 
           | I hate our stupid ape brains so much.
        
         | snitty wrote:
         | >Question - how is it significant, considering they sent it off
         | to another company to do the sequencing?
         | 
         | It's actually a little more complicated than they made it
         | sound. What the student likely did was assemble the genome.
         | 
         | When you send DNA out for sequencing, you get back files of
         | 100-300 basepairs. You then need to do assemble them into a
         | genome by figuring out where all the pieces overlap.
         | 
         | Obviously there are tools that help with this, but there are
         | lots of fiddly bits and settings that you need to play around
         | with to get it right.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | As I understand it, sequencing is the step that confirms the
         | discovery, so it represents the culmination of the effort.
         | 
         | Biology is one of those fields where accidental discoveries
         | still have value. Whether they earn the same recognition as
         | some long grinding effort is up in the air, but it's a nice
         | feather in the cap for a student.
         | 
         | There's the old saying: "Chance favors the prepared mind." The
         | student must have had an insight that caused them to
         | investigate something that many other people had probably
         | overlooked or dismissed as unimportant.
        
         | Beijinger wrote:
         | The whole article feels a bit confusing, and I'm not really
         | sure what they're talking about. Are they saying the mushroom
         | produces ergot alkaloids--the precursors to LSD? That would be
         | interesting but not groundbreaking. Or are they claiming it
         | actually produces LSD itself?
         | 
         | Fun fact: I once knew someone whose master's thesis involved a
         | solid-gas fluidized bed reactor--basically wheat kernels
         | suspended in humid air, with ergot fungus growing on them.
         | Ergotamine was then extracted from the air. The reactor was
         | quite complex, spanning several floors, and was a gift from a
         | now-defunct chemical giant.
        
           | lovemenot wrote:
           | iirc, it is LSD, but not LSD-25. Which is the kind usually
           | synthesised and sold on blotters. LSD-25 was so named because
           | it was Hoffman's twenty fifth experimental LSD variant.
        
         | anotherpaul wrote:
         | It's great for the student. And it shows that the lab she
         | worked in and the university are able to do this type of
         | science.
         | 
         | Sequencing a new fungus is not that rare. It's done all the
         | time these past years. People discover new species all the
         | time.
         | 
         | What is cool is that they already know a bit about where this
         | fungus lives and what it might do.
         | 
         | The hard biology will be go actually culture it, test it's
         | abilities and see what else it can do.
         | 
         | I mean the article is very short so this is me speculating, but
         | if it is of interest they might figure out what the symbiosis
         | really means to the plant and the fungus.
         | 
         | Also discovering the gene clusters that produce the active
         | compounds will be cool and interesting.
         | 
         | Edit: just so it's clear, its amazing that the student was
         | involved and had the trive to do this. It's easy to not be
         | curious but she was and also she was in an environment where
         | her curiosity was taken serious. That's a great feat of the
         | superiviser or whoever else was involved
        
       | randomNumber7 wrote:
       | It is know since a long time that morning glory seeds contain
       | LSA.
       | 
       | Also LSA is different from LSD. While you can legally get the
       | former it is (from my experience) way more dangerous than LSD.
        
         | TeaBrain wrote:
         | >It is know since a long time that morning glory seeds contain
         | LSA
         | 
         | This is one of the givens they were working off of. The finding
         | of the research is the fungus that produces the LSA in the
         | seeds.
        
         | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
         | LSA distorted my perception of object sizes and made me very
         | nauseous.
         | 
         | I took it once in high school. HBWR seeds. Scraped the nasty
         | stuff off the outside. Fell asleep while waiting for it to kick
         | in. Woke up intoxicated. Puked. Went back to sleep
        
           | NewJazz wrote:
           | Lol similar situation for me. Took a hike actually. Puked on
           | the beach. Got some seawater and washed the puke away /
           | buried it in the sand. Rough time.
        
             | culi wrote:
             | Always take dramamine or ginger with you if taking HBWR.
             | There are ways you can extract the LSA without the
             | compounds that give you nausea but it's a pretty involved
             | process
        
           | culi wrote:
           | HBWR seeds cured my anxiety when I was in highschool. Also
           | gave me the worst nausea I'd ever experienced. Also made me a
           | lot closer to my mother
           | 
           | Hell of a plant
        
         | jlg23 wrote:
         | > it is (from my experience) way more dangerous than LSD.
         | 
         | That is not necessarily related to the compound but the method
         | of consumption. Natural sources of psychedelic compounds have,
         | naturally, variances in potency. With Morning Glory seeds you
         | also ingest some other probably pharmacologically active
         | compounds, again in amounts that vary from seed to seed.
        
         | Xmd5a wrote:
         | What happened ? I took LSA (both top-choice morning glories and
         | HBWRs) about 20~40 times. About half to 1/3rd were "blank
         | shots" (when you feel almost no effects). I even re-peaked
         | once.
         | 
         | Very unpredictable, but it was always less, never more intense
         | trips. The fact I took top-of-the-shelf seeds might have to do
         | with that. It's better to take 10 HWBR from Ghana than 50 from
         | Hawaii (may have god mercy upon your soul if this is the case).
         | 
         | Also ipomea vs HBWR is as different as sativa vs indica.
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | > drug LSD, which is used to treat conditions like depression,
       | post-traumatic stress disorder and addiction.
       | 
       | Wait: I thought LSD is schedule 1, and there are no legally-
       | sanctioned uses of it? Did something change while I was living
       | under a rock? (Unlike MDMA, where there were legally-sanctioned
       | experiments recently.)
        
         | hungmung wrote:
         | Here's one, I'm sure there are others:
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38042914/
        
         | AngryData wrote:
         | MDMA, magic mushrooms, and cannabis are all also Schedule 1 by
         | US federal law too. All it really takes though to get around it
         | is for a state law to allow it and the state to tell the feds
         | to go fuck themselves and close the door to them and make them
         | challenge it in court if they want to do anything about it,
         | which the feds don't want to do because it would cost ass tons
         | of money to fight in court and would only further prove that
         | drug scheduling is mostly just bullshit and lies.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | They'd likely have to show they're worse than booze or
           | cigarettes, which is gonna be awfully hard to accomplish.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | The federal government has just shown itself willing to
           | militarily invade states that it doesn't like. (See also the
           | imperial boomerang)
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Drug scheduling is complete bullshit and is backed by politics
         | and bronze age protestant beliefs, not science.
        
           | edwardbernays wrote:
           | Fact check: true. It's also completely up to the head of the
           | NHS, who is currently noted drug enthusiast RFK Jr. Here's
           | hoping he'll legalize LSD and mescaline! He's used enough
           | mescaline and spiked enough people's drinks with it, and also
           | forced LSD on his pet birds, so at this point it's pure
           | hypocrisy for him to keep it scheduled. Of course, we should
           | expect everybody to have much better morals and sense about
           | it than he's ever had.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | After the dead whale nothing should surprise me but what?
        
             | dinkumthinkum wrote:
             | Is this really for HN? This is leftist piffle, conspiracy
             | theory, and unsubstantiated allegations. I'm not sure what
             | it adds to the discovery by this undergrad. I don't know.
        
               | edwardbernays wrote:
               | "Robert F Kennedy Jr And The Dark Side Of The Dream" by
               | Jerry Oppenheimer, page 54:
               | 
               | > Back at the Kennedy compound before summer's end, away
               | from Billings for the time being, he continued his bad
               | behavior, feeding LSD to his parakeet, and forcing his
               | brother David to trip on the psychedelic mescaline.
               | Hallucinating, looking wide- eyed at his brother, he
               | imagined the worst, screaming, "You're dying just like
               | Daddy!"
               | 
               | Jerry Oppenheimer is generally considered to be a
               | credible biographer and journalist.
               | 
               | That takes care of the charge of "leftist piddle,
               | conspiracy theory, and unsubstantiated allegations." It
               | is not piffle, it is written by a serious reported in a
               | serious biographical piece. It is not a conspiracy
               | theory, for it does not posit any particular conspiracy
               | because typically those require more than one
               | conspirator, and it is about as substantiated as many of
               | the claims RFK Jr himself makes.
               | 
               | Having now established the substance of the claim I made,
               | I shall proceed to establish its relevance. RFK Jr has a
               | long history with drugs, as do many politicians. RFK Jr
               | is the head of the HHS. The secretary of the HHS can
               | initiate proceedings to deschedule drugs. It is
               | hypocritical, given his own admitted history with drugs,
               | to continue to imprison people for it.
               | 
               | For that matter, we have recently had Elon Musk (a
               | notorious drug enthusiast) involved in the highest levels
               | of government while actively doing copious amounts of
               | illegal drugs. He should be in jail, like everyone else
               | of lesser means who have been victimized by this
               | senseless war on drugs. He won't be imprisoned, because
               | he has money. It is the best evidence we have that the
               | war on drugs is actually a war on the poor.
               | 
               | They don't care about drugs, or they'd enforce drug law
               | evenly. Joe Rogan, a self-admitted fan of many schedule 1
               | hallucinogens, remains a free man in the proto-christian-
               | nationalist state of Texas. It is hypocrisy.
               | 
               | It is time to end this war on drugs and move towards a
               | sensible drug policy that is fair for all people and
               | respects our basic freedoms.
               | 
               | So, yes, it is for HN, thank you.
        
           | Amezarak wrote:
           | I started at "bronze age Protestant" and chuckled. I know you
           | of course weren't being that serious about the exact
           | phrasing, but of course the Protestants didn't come around
           | until the 1500s. What that phrase put into my mind was
           | Pilgrims showing up in the Trojan war. :)
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Now I'm imagining some skit for something like History of
             | the Wolrd Pt 3
        
               | noitpmeder wrote:
               | Make the kickstarter and I'll donate
        
           | dinkumthinkum wrote:
           | What are Bronze Age Protestant beliefs? I wasn't aware that
           | Protestants existed in the Bronze Age.
        
             | edwardbernays wrote:
             | I wasn't aware people could act so credulously in the face
             | of obvious hyperbole.
             | 
             | Do you really, truly, believe this poster to be making a
             | positive claim about when Protestants did or did not exist?
             | If so, I weep for your social comprehension skills.
             | 
             | Christian moralism is an antiquated, self-contradicting,
             | socially regressive belief system that continues to plague
             | humanity and politics to this day. If people want to
             | believe in Sky Daddy on their own time then that's fine, we
             | all need a way to cope our way through the horrors of
             | living with other humans. Your capacity to believe in Sky
             | Daddy ends where it impinges on my freedoms, which are not
             | granted by any imaginary deity. We should keep Yahweh (and
             | every other unfalsifiable, immaterial, intelligence) out of
             | the politics that govern mortal, material, extant humans.
             | An omnipotent presence could surely argue for his own
             | agenda in politics. It's baffling that so many narcissists
             | believe themselves to be charged with the responsibility
             | for advocating his agenda instead.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | I believe there are religious exceptions allowed. See Michael
         | Pollan's "How to change your mind."
         | 
         | Book: https://michaelpollan.com/books/how-to-change-your-mind/
         | 
         | Documentary based on book: https://m.imdb.com/title/tt21062540/
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | Timothy Leary didn't get to have his!
        
       | hollerith wrote:
       | >> drug LSD, which is used to treat conditions like depression,
       | post-traumatic stress disorder
       | 
       | LSD can _cause_ PTSD. Dr K of the  "Healthy Gamer" YT channel
       | gives that as the reason people shouldn't do LSD in this next
       | 8-min video:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=So7hE1Ba_QA
       | 
       | The video is not about LSD or PTSD, so it would be nice if I
       | could give a time index into where in the video Dr gives the
       | warning, but sadly I don't have time right now.
        
         | 173throwaway wrote:
         | LSD saved my life. I suffered chronic depression and anxiety
         | with suicidal ideation, had tried multiple psychiatric drugs
         | and forms of therapy, and nothing had improved (the failure of
         | these officially-approved modes of treatment actually left me
         | feeling much more hopeless). Taking LSD gave me the insight
         | that this wasn't fundamental the the nature of being me, that
         | there was hope that one day I could love my life. The road to
         | get there has been difficult, and has involved intense (non-
         | LSD) psychedelic-assisted therapy to deal with very deep
         | childhood trauma, but that first fundamental glimmer that
         | there's a reason to have hope came from an experience with LSD.
         | 
         | If I had listened to stern authority figures telling me that
         | there's never a good reason to try it and it could only do me
         | harm, I would in all likelihood be dead today.
        
           | fnord77 wrote:
           | I personally know some whose life was destroyed by it. LSD
           | totally shattered them.
           | 
           | 10 years later and this person still isn't right.
        
             | wsintra2022 wrote:
             | Pink Floyd's man who recently passed away may be an
             | example. Brian Wilson another, I heard him say his one
             | regret was psychedelics as they scrambled his brain... I'm
             | all for them when used with respect and correct (mind)set
             | and setting. Lots of human progress has came off the back
             | of psychedelics but they not for the common people. It
             | takes a brave and worthy (shaman) to guide someone through
             | the collective conscious
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | Those folks had serious psychiatric mental issues to
               | begin with. Then they threw tens of truckloads of hard
               | drugs in various mixes on top of that, often for decades.
               | 
               | This could break even the most healthy person and tells
               | nothing about therapeutic potential of these substances
               | with right approach. Its like judging how healthy salt is
               | to humans by watching some maniac consume 200g of it
               | daily.
        
               | larrled wrote:
               | Ironically, many in this thread are advocating for that!
               | Take someone with mental problems, throw a truckload of
               | psychedelics on top. That'll fix em gud! And, if that
               | doesn't work, up the dosage, or maybe do the 3000 dollar
               | ketamine sessions twice a week to really really fix the
               | problem.
        
               | larrled wrote:
               | Wilson was taking a lot of different sorts of drugs iirc.
               | Part of the problem is people take psychedelics in youth,
               | when schizophrenia, bipolar and other mental disorders
               | tend to arise making it hard to quantify true risk.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Was that person a well-balanced cca normal happy person
             | without any childhood traumas or in-borne mental issues
             | before?
        
               | fnord77 wrote:
               | no but I believe he was trying to treat some mental
               | problems by using it
        
           | baq wrote:
           | It's always risk vs reward. It turned you around, it can push
           | healthy folks into a long lasting depression. Happy for you,
           | but it isn't a magical cure, it's a chemical for twisting
           | your synapses. As you've noted, having a guide through the
           | experience and a purpose is vital.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | > it's a chemical for twisting your synapses
             | 
             | Thats an oversimplification to be polite. For most people
             | it can bring the most intense and beautiful experiences
             | their live can ever produce. Then there is (non-trivial)
             | minority which has something broken in their core (which is
             | a statement that can mean many things). Yes, its not for
             | them, or only at great risk (and potentially great reward
             | as OP wrote).
             | 
             | But man, I never ever came close to the simple pure beauty
             | that I experienced repeatedly on mushrooms (for the sake of
             | argument cca 1:1 to LSD), never with any sort of guide,
             | just let my mind wander to places it wants to go.
             | 
             | And I've got married, have 2 beautiful healthy kids, was
             | there to cut umbilical cord for both, climbed extreme peaks
             | like Matterhorn, hiked for weeks and months in himalaya and
             | other places around the world, all very intense.
             | 
             | Psychedelics changed permanently perspective on life and
             | important matters quite a bit. Experienced very intense
             | spiritual moments, despite being cca agnostic (and it just
             | confirmed and enforced my views to be clear). For all the
             | bad it can do and does, it adds _so much_ good to mankind.
             | Its a very powerful tool.
        
               | larrled wrote:
               | Your post actually makes me sad. You have such a
               | wonderful life: kids, wife, privilege and wealth to
               | travel to Europe. But the most beautiful experience in
               | your mind wasn't any of that, it was tripping on shrooms?
               | If you are trying to make me not want to try psychedelics
               | you did well.
        
               | ordu wrote:
               | The glass is half full of half empty? Did GP have reduced
               | intensity of experiences related to his family, or they
               | were of "normal" intensity, just intensity of shrooms
               | experiences were above it?
        
               | earth-adventure wrote:
               | The person you reply to sounds like someone who kknocks
               | it without having tried it. I base this on the full
               | comment, and more specifically on the fragment "tripping
               | on shrooms". Drugs all enhance and alter what's inside
               | you, for better and for worse, controllable or not. If
               | climbing Mt Everest was your most eye opening and amazing
               | experience, does that somehow reduce the value of your
               | wife and kids? Such a strange premise...
        
               | larrled wrote:
               | I mean I hear former junkies say the same thing about
               | heroin after they kick. "It was the greatest pleasure
               | I'll ever know," they'll tell you with utmost sincerity.
               | More a bug than feature, to me, YMMV
        
           | nashashmi wrote:
           | Neither psych drugs nor therapy nor LSD is a cure for
           | depression. I too have had chronic depression and anxiety.
           | Maybe I have had a more severe cocktail of mental conditions.
           | Psych drug informed me where the irritation came from, caused
           | me to rebel, but then it proceeded to give me suicidal
           | ideation. Therapy was like a person talking a language I
           | didn't understand. alcohol was the most addicting experience
           | as an escape from problems. I imagine lsd was an escape from
           | reality.
           | 
           | The ultimate cure for depression: call this new line of
           | sadness and hopelessness and despair as the baseline for what
           | life is. And any ounce of hope, happiness, bloom is a gift
           | and blessing that you appreciate without taking for granted.
           | And then you structure yourself to live for those fleeting
           | moments. And suicide is a world of persistent misery many
           | times worse than what you are experiencing.
           | 
           | But instead you took LSD, and found yourself hope yet the
           | message can be a complete deception. What will you do when
           | you realize that? All you have done is separated yourself
           | from ever understanding your reality because of that hope.
           | 
           | People who suffer from depression are those who are unable to
           | connect with their world. Either trauma, anger, or confusion
           | will cause them separation and difficulty of integration.
           | There is this book called feeling good I think which goes
           | into CBT. The first few pages repeats one thing relentlessly:
           | you have exaggerated the negatives in your world in order to
           | cope with it.
           | 
           | Some people adopt supremacy complexes to give themselves new
           | meaning and curse out all irritations. This is a temporary
           | solution because it swings them into the other side of
           | disconnect eventually
        
             | dgfitz wrote:
             | Your whole post reads like a supremacy complex.
        
           | 112_134 wrote:
           | Similar experience here. Historically traditional talk
           | therapy only retraumatized me and was not going to be
           | compatible with my personality. I had ran out of other
           | treatment options (stimulants, SSRIs, EMDR, ECT,
           | meditation/mindfulness...) before finally reaching for
           | psilocybin purely out of desperation.
           | 
           | Combined with intensive integration therapy it has been the
           | only treatment that had _any_ positive effect. A lot of
           | treatments have a risk profile in whether they will confirm
           | my existing beliefs and only aggravate my situation (similar
           | to above, failing to find  "go to therapy" useful advice and
           | opening myself to blame/unlovability from givers of the
           | advice), but I hope I can go back sometime for a similar
           | treatment if it's psychoactive.
           | 
           | It was no cure, and today I'm largely the person I was before
           | treatment moodwise, but one thing I learned was for a
           | condition such as mine, there is unlikely to _ever_ be a
           | cure. I had just the right amount of trauma that I can expect
           | to manage my condition for the rest of my life. But what
           | opinion do I choose to attach to this belief? That I 'm okay
           | with it. It wasn't my fault so there's not any sense in
           | shaming myself for not finding what I can't have. At least
           | one thing I can say is I found _something_ that had an
           | effect, and no matter how pessimistic I get, not even I can
           | deny that with some depressive retort. This is not a
           | sensation I 'm familiar with. Before taking the drug I had
           | lost all hope from believing my incompatibility with doctor-
           | approved methods made me an untouchable, on top of already
           | being depressed. It was clear my path forward would have to
           | be paved away from the one society prescribes for me from
           | then on.
           | 
           | Strangely I have no strong desire to take the drug again yet
           | even though I am still depressed. I accept my life will be
           | one of sometimes violent mood swings and I will have to be
           | more patient with myself than in the past. I have made it my
           | life's goal not to foist my malfunctioning brain's
           | irrationality onto others at all costs. My condition is not
           | my fault, but it is my responsibility to manage it. If I'm
           | depressed now I just try to sit with it instead of fighting
           | for things I know are unrealistic to have. I'm just not like
           | most people, and I'm okay with that now, more or less.
        
             | monadoid wrote:
             | hey thank you for posting this. I'm sorry to hear about
             | your condition but happy LSD was able to help a bit.
             | 
             | One unsolicited idea from a stranger: consider trying it
             | again! I was in a similar situation for a long time (found
             | it helpful but no strong desire to try it again), but
             | multiple trips over time ended up being very helpful - for
             | me at least.
        
               | 112_134 wrote:
               | Agree, I read research (unsure which) that stated people
               | with my circumstance benefited more from repeated
               | sessions, sometimes as high as 5x. I intend to go back at
               | a later date but I see no rush.
        
         | SequoiaHope wrote:
         | I think people should be properly informed about the risks of
         | LSD and should try a small dose before trying anything larger,
         | and should have the maturity to understand what a complex or
         | difficult trip could mean.
        
         | tialaramex wrote:
         | It's not at all unusual for drugs to have effects similar to
         | the thing they're used to treat.
         | 
         | The anti-emetic I needed to take for chemo (chemotherapy is
         | literally poison, your body will quickly figure out that you're
         | being poisoned and, despite the fact that the poison was
         | injected into your veins, throw up to try to remove it, so, you
         | need an anti-emetic or you'll have a bad time each session) has
         | "Nausea, vomiting" on its list of possible side effects. It
         | also has a long list of really nasty psyc effects, so since
         | taking it _after_ chemo isn 't mandatory I just didn't, most
         | people take it for a few hours or a day, I just didn't, which
         | was not fun but to my mind the risk wasn't worth it. [Yes I'm
         | fine now, chemotherapy works]
         | 
         | Even more hilariously I read a friend's Morning After pill
         | patient info while she was busy taking it, and almost every
         | symptoms of early pregnancy is on the side effects list -
         | basically the only thing they're _not_ saying you might have
         | despite this pill is a baby. Vomiting, cramps, dizziness and
         | headaches, bleeding, sore nipples - pretty much everything
         | except the newborn human in nine months was on the list.
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | The other things that are good for PTSD though don't carry a
           | risk of making it worse: friendship with people who
           | understand you and don't trigger you, talking about the
           | traumatic experience, supporting general metabolic health and
           | brain health.
        
             | yard2010 wrote:
             | These two go together - set and setting.
        
             | nick__m wrote:
             | For lessening the effect of traumatizing experience, 40mg
             | of propranolol an hour before remembering and visualizing
             | the traumatic, under guidance of a therapist, should be the
             | gold standard for treatment. There a lot's of researchs
             | showing its effectiveness but for some reason it's use
             | stays experimental. I suppose it's because there is no
             | money to be made with an old drug cheaply available from
             | many generic suppliers.
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | Yes, it is a major risk. I'm unsure why people want to pretend
         | that it isn't. Everyone knows someone who unexpectedly changed
         | forever for the worse bc of these drugs. It also happened to me
         | even though I had perfect set and setting, I was traumatised by
         | it for years, and I know if I took it again today I would still
         | have a bad time. And yet I've met multiple people who have told
         | me that the issue is that I just didn't take enough, some even
         | going as far as saying that I'm stuck in some kind of purgatory
         | unless I take a heroic dose
         | 
         | Wildly irresponsible, many of the fans of these drugs, who seem
         | to talk as if things like risk and responsibility are just
         | constructs from the man trying to keep you down
        
           | esseph wrote:
           | > It also happened to me even though I had perfect set and
           | setting, I was traumatised by it for years, and I know if I
           | took it again today I would still have a bad time.
           | 
           | > I know if I took it again today I would still have a bad
           | time.
           | 
           | Maybe. Maybe. Maybe not.
           | 
           | I'm sorry you had a bad experience.
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | And again another irresponsible person comes to try and
             | whisper in my ear "try it again". Absolutely horrific
             | morality
        
               | directmusic wrote:
               | They did not do that.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Yes they literally did. I spoke on various topics, one of
               | those being about how people try to convince me to take
               | more drugs. Their sole response? Telling me, in effect,
               | "maybe you won't have a bad trip next time". This cannot
               | be interpreted in any other way than to convince me to
               | open up to the possibility of taking such drugs again
               | which is exactly what I am criticising.
               | 
               | So yes, they did do that.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | > Yes they literally did
               | 
               | No.
               | 
               | One in technology should learn to not speak about things
               | in such absolutes, we get proven silly time and time
               | again.
               | 
               | It seems your LSD experience further traumatized you.
               | 
               | I am sorry you had a bad experience.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Now you are mocking me? Why do you want to make me take
               | LSD again?
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | You are putting intent where there is not.
               | 
               | When someone else tried to explain that to you, you
               | doubled down.
               | 
               | Note that I said: "we get proven silly time and time
               | again". You made that statement a personal attack on you.
               | 
               | It fucking says "we".
               | 
               | This is just a perfect example of what I'm talking about
               | about.
               | 
               | Your trauma has given you a particular worldview that is
               | assigning intent or malice where there is none.
               | 
               | I won't return to this thread, it's not of any relevance
               | and you're clearly worked up about this.
               | 
               | Peace be with you.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | The only thing you said is "maybe maybe not" to me saying
               | that I won't take drugs again bc I know next time I'll
               | have a bad time. How is that appropriate? Let's stick
               | with what you did wrong and how it is indicative of the
               | blase attitude people have about the risks. All I'm doing
               | is pointing that out but since I mentioned trauma you are
               | weaponising it against me
               | 
               | Why do you want to convince me to take drugs?
        
         | vlz wrote:
         | It is at about 7:50 in a short aside. Notice that he only says
         | psychedelics can be dangerous if you already have PTSD and he
         | does not recommend it.
         | 
         | The video seems not to say that nobody should take LSD. In fact
         | it explains how psychedelics can help with depression if I am
         | not totally mistaken.
         | 
         | (LSD is also never actually mentioned in the video. It talks
         | more generally about psychedelics and hallucinogens.)
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | Can you provide a transcript or a quote to support your claim
           | that Dr K "only says psychedelics can be dangerous if you
           | already have PTSD"?
           | 
           | Here is the passage that I think is relevant to whether
           | people should do hallucinogens. (I was mistaken earlier when
           | I claimed the passage was about LSD specifically.)
           | 
           | >substances like psilocybin fracture our sense of self -- and
           | that can be traumatic and dangerous by the way and leave
           | people with PTSD, which is why I don't recommend you do it
           | 
           | It is an aside in the middle of another sentence. Here the
           | same passage with more context (specifically, everything said
           | from 7:10 to the end of the video):
           | 
           | >the focus of your mind is on "I". You are the object of your
           | attention. [Dr K looks at the chat stream] OK? Like anxiety,
           | yes. [Dr K stops looking at the chat stream] Then what
           | happens -- so, when this person says, this person on the
           | reddits says, you know, "I actually think that self-awareness
           | is the problem," they are absolutely right because their
           | self-awareness is their default-mode network being highly
           | active. Then we can look at neuroscience papers, and what we
           | discover is that substances like psilocybin fracture our
           | sense of self -- and that can be traumatic and dangerous by
           | the way and leave people with PTSD, which is why I don't
           | recommend you do it -- fractures the sense of self, but when
           | you stu -- when that sense of self gets fractured, you are no
           | longer stuck thinking about yourself, and when you are no
           | longer stuck thinking about yourself, this problem of over-
           | self-awareness goes away, and people get better in terms of
           | depression. Does that make sense?
        
       | homeonthemtn wrote:
       | I really appreciate the mature tone this article took towards the
       | discussion of a psychedelic compound
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | > _produces effects similar to the semisynthetic drug LSD,
         | which is used to treat conditions like depression, post-
         | traumatic stress disorder and addiction_
         | 
         | yes, such incredible maturity, didn't even mention that these
         | are not the reasons that most LSD is sold, bought, and
         | consumed... although, "self-medication" probably does adhere
         | pretty well.
        
           | worik wrote:
           | >...these are not the reasons that most LSD is sold, bought,
           | and consumed
           | 
           | Yes
           | 
           | To be clear most LSD users, who've done LSD for years, do it
           | for fun.
           | 
           | Once you've polished the windows, it is fun to go back and
           | look at the view...
        
             | NewJazz wrote:
             | For me the last time I took a trip I was alone for most of
             | the trip and I cried a lot and my heart felt physically
             | pained. I felt sorry for my heart that it had to keep
             | beating and could not rest. It was a really challenging
             | trip. I haven't been on another trip since.
        
               | worik wrote:
               | > I haven't been on another trip since
               | 
               | Good choice.
               | 
               | It is not fun, unless it is
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | That would be good subject matter for a poem.
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | Set and setting?
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | If setting includes the people you are with, or lack
               | thereof, then yeah.
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | I am a frequent LSD user and I do it for fun and healing.
             | 
             | I don't know about PTSD (although it did help me after I
             | got hit by a truck, and also after I hit my head and nearly
             | died), but it helps me get through stressful times. It also
             | helps me become productive again when I feel like I'm too
             | burnt out to work. I don't know how exactly this happens,
             | but I assume it's something like giving me enough tunnel
             | vision to forget about background/subconscious anxieties.
        
               | balamatom wrote:
               | >but I assume it's something like giving me enough tunnel
               | vision to forget about background/subconscious anxieties
               | 
               | counterpoint: it might be said that one's "tunnel vision"
               | is made out of anxieties pushed to the background,
               | disrupting the default mode network allows the person to
               | consciously process them. ofc i can't say whether this
               | tracks with your experience
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | It pushes more than just anxieties to the background.
               | During the peak of an LSD trip, I can be so distractible
               | that I can barely keep more than one thing in my head at
               | a time, and it's incredibly easy for any new thought to
               | overwrite everything prior. I do know that spending some
               | time in that state of mind does tend to help me. With
               | that said, I don't think I can speak much on the default
               | mode network because I haven't developed an intuition on
               | how that affects me.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | Do you have or suspect you have ADHD?
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | I definitely have ADHD.
        
             | gavinray wrote:
             | > _" Once you've polished the windows, it is fun to go back
             | and look at the view..."_
             | 
             | On the other hand:
             | 
             |  _" If you get the message, hang up the phone."_
             | 
             | - Alan Watts
        
             | nkrisc wrote:
             | > Once you've polished the windows, it is fun to go back
             | and look at the view...
             | 
             | I spent a long time trying to decide if you were
             | referencing licking the windows, or something more poetic.
             | I decided to let both interpretations occupy my mind, as it
             | seemed greater than the sum of its parts.
        
               | worik wrote:
               | Huxley
        
         | fnord77 wrote:
         | I feel like it overhyped it for being a treatment when that
         | hasn't been validated yet
        
           | larrled wrote:
           | The use of LSD in psychiatry is one of the less wacky things
           | about the state of psychiatry at that time. Arguably
           | psychiatry is still wacky, and still overhypes novel
           | compounds without knowing how or why they work exactly. LSD
           | was very rigorously studied compared to say today's use of
           | ketamine.
        
             | hx8 wrote:
             | Yes, there was a ton of psychiatric research on LSD.
             | However the bar of required to perform pharmaceutical
             | testing on humans is much higher now, and the quality of
             | the data is much higher because of improved testing
             | standards.
        
               | larrled wrote:
               | For sure. But if you read some of that wacky stuff from
               | way back, you can start to see how parts rhyme with
               | aspects of contemporary psychiatry. They too had much
               | better standards and data than their predecessors. The
               | hype around LSD back then, and a bit of the kookiness,
               | was similar to the current emphasis on trauma, ketamine
               | therapy, etc... Stuff that works and is new gets
               | overhyped.
        
         | uncircle wrote:
         | After the discovery of a psychedelic compound, there are two
         | pipelines for release:
         | 
         | - the academic way, where it's studied in labs by "serious
         | people", and after FDA approval a big pharma with worldwide
         | licence sells it for one million $ per kg.
         | 
         | - the black market way, where it's manufactured in quantity by
         | shady RC companies and sold on the internet, until someone
         | tries too large a dose, gets it put in Schedule I and banned.
         | 
         | I guess this one went the first route, unlike LSD.
        
           | jampekka wrote:
           | LSD was discovered in and extensively tested and produced by
           | the giant medical company Sandoz for about 20 years. It was
           | also extensively studied in academic settings.
           | 
           | The black market production started a lot later, mostly due
           | to the War on Drugs.
        
             | herbst wrote:
             | Sandoz still produces LSD
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | >Still, some clinicians use them to treat conditions like
       | migraines, dementia, uterine hemorrhaging and Parkinson's
       | disease.
       | 
       | I think it's more common to use synthetic derivatives of ergot
       | alkaloids like ergonovine. But ergot itself is infamously
       | difficult to cultivate. So it's no surprise that they have
       | immediately started trying to culture this new fungus.
        
       | throwing_away wrote:
       | Are clones available for research purposes?
        
       | Zaylan wrote:
       | Really impressive that a student managed to find something
       | Hofmann suspected nearly a century ago. Makes you wonder how many
       | of these hidden chemists are still quietly working in symbiosis
       | with plants, carrying out complex metabolic processes we haven't
       | noticed yet.
       | 
       | It also makes me think about how much untapped potential might be
       | hiding in the ordinary plants we pass by every day.
        
         | latexr wrote:
         | > Really impressive that a student managed to find something
         | Hofmann suspected nearly a century ago.
         | 
         | Why is that impressive? I'm genuinely asking, I do not
         | understand the obsessive fascination with "student discovered".
         | It's like everyone expects "student" to mean "mentally
         | incapacitated" and anything beyond tying their own shoes is
         | impressive. Or is everyone so disillusioned with the
         | educational system they are caught off guard when students
         | apply what they've learned? If this same student had graduated
         | two months before making the discovery, would it have made it
         | less impressive or significant?
        
           | PakG1 wrote:
           | Perhaps the impressive thing is that it wasn't found for so
           | long and finally was. Not that it was a student.
        
           | dinkumthinkum wrote:
           | This is a bit much, I think. It is impressive because it is
           | rare for an _undergraduate_ to make a discovery. It's not
           | disillusionment with the educational system; that seems
           | pretty politically charged. Normally, undergrads are studying
           | what has been already known and it is a small portion of them
           | that to do so"undergrad research" and usually that does not
           | rise to the level of publishing anything. It's normally
           | graduate (MS and PhD) students that do such things. Also,
           | graduate students, particularly PhD students, are primarily
           | concerned with research while undergrads are primarily
           | concerned with classes (educationally anyway!). Also, it
           | would have also been surprising, as you say, if the student
           | had been graduated for two-months and not in graduate school
           | to make such a discovery. So, it's not some grand reason or
           | indictment of society. In the end, it is just plainly
           | uncommon.
        
         | hx8 wrote:
         | > It also makes me think about how much untapped potential
         | might be hiding in the ordinary plants we pass by every day.
         | 
         | A ton, which is one selfish reason the genetic diversity
         | collapse is such a negative. In this particular discovery, we
         | already knew there was something interesting about the morning
         | glory plant and it took us decades and decades to find it. To
         | give you an idea how little plant life has been studied, we
         | have sequenced the gnome of less than one thousand species.
        
           | perrygeo wrote:
           | Think of the millions of years of evolution as knowledge
           | discovered by non-human species. When we extinct an under-
           | studied species, we don't know what we're losing. It's like
           | burning the Alexandria library without any curiosity about
           | what's inside it.
        
             | hx8 wrote:
             | If a plant species going extinct is like burning a book,
             | then it's a book that might contain medical knowledge that
             | would help millions of people.
        
       | driggs wrote:
       | While it's been known for many years that endosymbiotic fungi are
       | responsible for producing the ergot alkaloids in the Morning
       | Glory plant family, and the recent discovery here is the
       | identification of the host-specific fungal symbiont for the
       | common decorative flower _Ipomoea tricolor_ , this plant-fungus
       | relationship was not known in the days of Albert Hoffman's
       | research.
       | 
       | He is most famous for synthesizing and experiencing the effects
       | of LSD from ergot-derived alkaloids; ergot is a fungal pathogen
       | that grows on grain plants. He then identified psilocybin as the
       | active psychoactive component of magic mushroom samples from
       | Mexico.
       | 
       | When he turned his work to identifying the active component in
       | Morning Glory plants, he presented his work showing that he'd
       | discovered LSA, another ergot alkaloid. Other researchers accused
       | him of having contaminated samples, because he'd found in plants
       | compounds which were known only from the fungi kingdom. Hoffman's
       | work was vindicated, in a sense, when the relationship of
       | endosybiotic fungi (cryptic fungi which spend the majority of
       | their lifecycle inside a plant) was later elucidated.
        
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