[HN Gopher] Why Koreans ask what year you were born
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why Koreans ask what year you were born
        
       Author : bryanhogan
       Score  : 122 points
       Date   : 2025-06-11 06:53 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bryanhogan.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bryanhogan.com)
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | (2024) But also:
       | 
       |  _South Koreans become younger overnight after country scraps
       | 'Korean age'_ (2 years ago)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36502797
       | 
       |  _The end of the tricky 'Korean age'_ (3 years ago)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33907571
        
       | 9dev wrote:
       | Those Korean kids born on December 31st must be the kings and
       | queens of their peer group when they become eligible to buy
       | alcohol two years ahead of the others!
        
         | benediktwerner wrote:
         | As far as I understand, they would primarily be in the same
         | peer group as all other people with their Korean age.
        
         | eloisant wrote:
         | Not really because everyone starts at one, so at most it's one
         | year younger those born on Jan 1st.
         | 
         | Also their peer group usually being people born the same year,
         | everyone gets to drink at the exact same time (unlike in other
         | countries where everyone reach drinking age at their birthday).
        
       | netsharc wrote:
       | A friend (not Korean) said on his 29th birthday that he's
       | starting his 30th year of life. It was an interesting
       | perspective, because in general we celebrate our nth birthday
       | after completing n years of life.
        
         | setopt wrote:
         | Personally I prefer to round 29 years 6 months up to <<I'm now
         | 30 years old>>. As you would expect to happen if you run
         | round(29.5). For some reason, most cultures settled on either
         | floor(age) or ceil(age).
        
           | alexey-salmin wrote:
           | Which cultures settled on ceil(age)?
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | The traditional system in China and its surroundings, Xu
             | Sui , is that you're born at the age of 1 and your age
             | increases on the new year.
        
             | setopt wrote:
             | As the sibling comment mentioned, I was thinking of East
             | Asian countries.
             | 
             | There's another difference in that age++ there happens on
             | Chinese New Year and not your own birthday, but that's an
             | orthogonal point to the rounding, I think.
        
         | bravesoul2 wrote:
         | Funny how your birth day is not a birthday
        
           | whstl wrote:
           | You wouldn't remember the party anyway
        
             | bravesoul2 wrote:
             | Same with 12 months after birth
        
           | mkl wrote:
           | It's definitely a birthday, hence the name. It's the day you
           | turn 0.
        
             | netsharc wrote:
             | It's a definition that could add 1 to everyone's birthday
             | celebrations. A baby born on the 15th of June 2024 could be
             | celebrating its 2nd birth day in a few days. Or well the
             | family would. They'd celebrate the birth, and why not count
             | that as a "birthday celebration".. Ha.
             | 
             | Curiously I guess most of us celebrate the number of years
             | completed.
        
               | 1718627440 wrote:
               | They would be celebrating their first anniversary.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | This pops a lot with annual celebrations. I attended a
               | commencement for my niece several years ago, and a
               | speaker referred to it as the 100th annual commencement
               | while a brochure referred to it as the 100th anniversary.
               | Pick one.
        
         | Muromec wrote:
         | Seventh hour is everything between 6:01 and 6:59, yes.
        
           | srean wrote:
           | Yes.
           | 
           | That is why half open sets, half open intervals, are
           | convenient.
           | 
           | If a bus leaves every 10 minutes starting at 1 PM, how many
           | buses leave per hour ? Do we include the 2PM bus in the first
           | hour ?
           | 
           | It helps to cover the space by non-overlapping equal
           | intervals.
           | 
           | Shows up in 0 indexed for loops as well i < n
        
           | BenjiWiebe wrote:
           | Everything between 6 and 7, right? ;)
        
         | alexey-salmin wrote:
         | > in general we celebrate our nth birthday after completing n
         | years of life.
         | 
         | Well it's literally like you say: your friend will "celebrate
         | his 30th birthday after completing 30 years of life". If the
         | 30th birthday happens after 30 years of life, then the 30th
         | year of life happens before the 30th birthday.
        
           | johannes1234321 wrote:
           | Well my day of birth isn't my 1st birthday ... it is somewhat
           | messed up.
        
         | kijin wrote:
         | According to a traditional East Asian world view, your life is
         | influenced by the powers that govern each unit of time -- hour,
         | day, month, year -- that you pass through.
         | 
         | Under this system, the number of distinct powers that you were
         | influenced by is more important than the exact number of days
         | or years that you spent on this planet. Korean culture is still
         | saturated with this stuff. You can DM a shaman your date of
         | birth, and they'll use this kind of system to tell your
         | fortunes.
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | > _The younger person also addresses the older person, usually
       | with a title or another word that fits their relationship, but
       | not their name. Only the older person addresses the younger one
       | with their name. (There can be more nuance.)_
       | 
       | I love this. I'm an old French guy and still can't quite accept
       | when srangers in an email (or a machine, a system, a web form)
       | adress me using my first name.
       | 
       | Being "on a first name basis" still has meaning for me -- or it
       | would, if it had for anyone else, which clearly is absolutely not
       | the case anymore.
        
         | allendoerfer wrote:
         | Cultural imperialism.
        
         | myst wrote:
         | The meaning was never there in the first place, you just were
         | taught that it is there. Adapt.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | All language is socially constructed. It's still annoying
           | when people try to change the meanings of words.
        
           | BDPW wrote:
           | That's literally all language.
        
         | benediktwerner wrote:
         | Interesting, as a German (which also has a similar system), I
         | am the complete opposite, I find it super irritating when
         | people address me by my last name. And the worst part is having
         | to figure out how to address others, especially people you've
         | known for a while but aren't really close to, e.g. say long-
         | time neighbors I rarely meet.
         | 
         | Luckily, in the IT industry, it's common to just use first
         | names with everybody.
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | It's quite common, even the norm these days, to address
           | people by their first names in professional settings, among
           | colleagues.
           | 
           | The thing is that this is also becoming/has become the norm
           | when you get correspondance from strangers when the standard
           | etiquette is to use title + surname, as in all European
           | countries, I suppose.
           | 
           | Now, I think when people address you by your surname only,
           | either orally or in writing, it _is_ irritating.
        
             | ncruces wrote:
             | Well, I personally find title + surname the worst; it's
             | obnoxious and elitist; my (first) name isn't "engineer". I
             | can live with it, though. I just kinda hate people who
             | demand it of others.
             | 
             | So, clearly, you can't please everybody.
        
               | mytailorisrich wrote:
               | By title I mean "Mister", etc. Perhaps "Engineer" is a
               | German thing ;)
        
               | ncruces wrote:
               | And then you must know (if this is a system: _store_ )
               | the person's preferred gender, and in some cultures
               | marital status.
        
             | fmbb wrote:
             | Not all European countries. We phased the title and surname
             | addressing out during the 70s here in Sweden:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du-reformen
             | 
             | Personally I get annoyed only if a sales person addresses
             | me by first name. There is no other setting where I would
             | prefer a stranger to address me using my full name, unless
             | we're in some context where there are dozens or hundreds of
             | strangers so one can not expect my name is unique.
        
           | bryanhogan wrote:
           | I appreciate that too at my former university in Germany,
           | it's kinda "very modern" and people always use their first
           | names for everything, professors and students alike. But it
           | gets complicated when emailing professors that are only
           | losely related to the uni.
        
           | sumanthvepa wrote:
           | It's interesting. My closest friends use my last name, while
           | everyone else uses my first name at work. Apparently it was a
           | hangover from the custom at old British public schools that
           | some old Indian schools retained into the 70s/80s. I sort of
           | like it.
        
             | Tor3 wrote:
             | Same here, but the reason is simple - there was a bunch of
             | people with the same first name in my class (1st grade). So
             | we all went by our last name. And, as those still are close
             | friends of mine, after all these decades, they (and
             | everyone else I know from that time) use my last name when
             | addressing me. And other people sometimes pick it up and
             | use it too..
        
             | dcminter wrote:
             | I went to a British private school (which we also call
             | "public schools" to annoy Americans) and it was certainly
             | still hanging on there into the 80s.
             | 
             | My brother attended the same school where we briefly
             | overlapped so I was by default "Minter" and when the
             | distinction was needed I was "Minter Minor" and he would
             | have been "Minter Major".
             | 
             | Like many things it doesn't make much sense in retrospect.
             | 
             | Edit: People do still often call me "Mister Minter" where
             | I'd expect them to use my first name, but I think they just
             | like the alliteration. It's not old schoolfriends doing it.
        
           | Muromec wrote:
           | Last name address is when things get real. Government and
           | divorse lawyers real. Time to sober up and answer carefully.
           | 
           | Not a good feeling, when people do it. The only thing worse
           | is name + patronymic. That could never be good news.
        
           | varjag wrote:
           | This is remarkable because from my outsider glimpse German
           | culture puts an emphasis on formality and credentials. If
           | someone has a signature like "Dr. Ing. Prof. Anselm Schultz"
           | am sure not opening my email with "Hi Anselm".
        
             | tauchunfall wrote:
             | It changed a lot in the last 25 years. But it can depend
             | from place to place. One of my friends has a Master of
             | Engineering and he was a bit surprised when somebody in
             | Austria addressed him with "Oh, Herr Ingenieur!"
        
               | smartmic wrote:
               | Austria is special. Using an academic title is customary,
               | and job titles are still common. Many foreigners think
               | Austria and Germany are similar in terms of culture, but
               | there are notable differences between the two countries
               | that can be traced back to their history. I have an
               | Austrian mother and a German father, so I experienced
               | both cultures.
        
           | tauchunfall wrote:
           | >I find it super irritating when people address me by my last
           | name.
           | 
           | Me too. There are still German companies where coworkers
           | address others with Herr or Frau followed by their last name.
           | 
           | I find it also interesting how people that learn German
           | understand the difference between the "you" in formal ("sie")
           | and informal ("du") version, but often don't understand in
           | which context du use them. In most cases you can use the
           | informal "du" nowadays, especially when you are out with
           | somebody for a beer.
           | 
           | After elementary school we had this interesting shift form
           | addressing the other children with first name to addressing
           | them with last name. We were circa 11 years old.
        
             | smartmic wrote:
             | It's a generational thing. There has definitely been a
             | change in recent years, especially the younger generation
             | can no longer do much with the formal "Sie", but of course
             | they know it. I am 46 years old and have grown up with and
             | been familiar with the "Du/Sie" dichotomy from the very
             | beginning. It also has many advantages and offers clear
             | relationships: There is no ambiguity as to which pronouns I
             | use to address someone, older people and superiors always
             | use "Sie". With younger people/peers of the same age, you
             | can quickly agree on a "Du". These days, it's unclear to me
             | who I can address as "Du". I'm a friend of clarifying this
             | before starting, but it's always a meta conversation, which
             | can hinder the flow of conversation. Besides, it's a kind
             | of badge of honor and a sign of trust when you're offered a
             | "Du". When I address anyone of our management team as "Du"
             | these days, it irritates me - I'm not "best friends" with
             | them, nor do I feel closer or more connected. For me, the
             | distinction is/was never an expression of whether you are
             | on an equal footing or not.
        
               | k07b470n wrote:
               | Interesting how you write "Du" and not "du". I'm French
               | and I've been living in Germany for 20 years. I
               | understand and use "du/Sie" more or less appropriately
               | (we have the same dichotomy in French). What I still
               | cannot wrap my head around after all this time is
               | why/when some people use "du/Du", "dein/Dein",
               | "dich/Dich" in writing (to be clear: not at the beginning
               | of a sentence). I guess "Du" is somewhere inbetween "du"
               | und "Sie" on the politeness scala but I never dared to
               | ask. I'm only using lowercase "du". What would be a rule
               | of thumb on how/when to use the uppercase "Du"?
        
               | valenterry wrote:
               | "Du" and "du" are generally 100% equivalent. Regular
               | casing-rules apply, e.g. in the beginning of a sentence
               | it's "Du" but inside it's "du". "Kannst du mir helfen?".
               | "Du kannst dir doch selbst helfen!"
               | 
               | Sometimes it's written "Du" even if in the middle of the
               | sentence when addressing someone directly. It's
               | technically incorrect, but it's used for emphasis and
               | hence politeness, and that's probably where your feeling
               | comes from.
               | 
               | The same can happen with other words that are getting
               | capitalized for similar reasons, but when going strictly
               | by the book it's grammatically incorrect. An example
               | would be "das Grosse Ganze" where it should be "grosse"
               | but it is capitalized to emphasize the connection/phrase.
        
               | nosebear wrote:
               | >It's technically incorrect, but it's used for emphasis
               | and hence politeness, and that's probably where your
               | feeling comes from.
               | 
               | That's wrong, it's not _technically incorrect_. In fact
               | before 2006 the only correct way to address someone
               | _personally_ in written form was to capitalize the Du  /
               | Sie / Ihr. Since then you are allowed to write it either
               | way. I still use the capitalized form because I'm old and
               | that's what I learned back in school.
        
               | valenterry wrote:
               | Fair enough.
               | 
               | > Since then you are allowed to write it either way
               | 
               | Okay, my interpretation is that it doesn't really make
               | sense within the language rules, so they changed it but
               | allowed to use the old style to make the transition
               | easier. ;-)
               | 
               | > I still use the capitalized form because I'm old and
               | that's what I learned back in school.
               | 
               | Impossible to keep up with all the Rechtschreibreformen
               | anyways.
        
               | k07b470n wrote:
               | Thank you and nosebear for the clarification! Now I
               | understand better why some of my colleagues (like my
               | boss, older) use "Du" and some don't. I'll stick to not
               | using it, there are enough grammatic pitfalls elsewhere
               | in the German language (not that French is any easier for
               | foreigners, I'm sure).
        
               | gen220 wrote:
               | I love and hate German for this; it's a language whose
               | formal pitfalls and vagaries seem almost designed to sort
               | people into highly-refined strata of education.
               | 
               | It must be so cool to see all of them "from the top"
               | (i.e. someone who has been natively-and-highly educated,
               | immersed in the language for their whole life); but it's
               | from the outside it's like a fancy club that you just
               | can't seem to get into :)
        
               | umbra07 wrote:
               | It seems sort of like calling other people ma'am and sir
               | in America. Everyone _knows_ what those words mean, but
               | younger people will almost never use them (except in
               | specific American subcultures). Some people may be
               | offended if you call them sir /ma'am.
        
             | davidw wrote:
             | As a born and raised English speaker and fluent Italian
             | speaker, I still don't love the "tu / lei". It's very...
             | binary as to what gets used. Sometimes that's easy, but the
             | marginal cases can be difficult to figure out.
             | 
             | I think the tone and posture when addressing someone convey
             | enough formality. Like if I met Barack Obama, I would be
             | very formal and respectful in my bearing and language, but
             | of course still use 'you'.
        
               | agubelu wrote:
               | In the weird edge cases you can simply err on the side of
               | politeness and use the formal version. Worst case
               | scenario they'll simply tell you to drop it and use tu
               | instead.
        
             | LinAGKar wrote:
             | From what I understand, it used to be similar here in
             | Sweden, but that change with the du reform in the 60s and
             | 70s, when people started saying "du" to everyone, and "ni"
             | became purely plural (unless you're speaking to royalty).
             | 
             | We also pretty much always use first name, at least
             | everywhere I've been. Would feel weird to call people by
             | their last name.
        
           | sfifs wrote:
           | Yes. I find addressing people by surname uniquely stupid.
           | Like are you calling the person or the historical clan? It
           | perhaps made sense for medieval lords to address their
           | underlings as if they were interchangeable, in our modern
           | context that has largely done away with royalty, using
           | surnames makes no sense.
           | 
           | It becomes even more interesting when traditionally cultures
           | (like mine) don't use surnames, but modern IT systems
           | stemming from the Anglo Saxon culture force people to
           | arbitrarily assign one of their names as a surname or IT
           | systems generally don't work.
        
             | anal_reactor wrote:
             | The fact that different cultures evolved such systems
             | independently proves that the general idea does make sense.
             | Case in point: you go to an American company, the CEO says
             | "call me simply John, feel free to chat up whenever you
             | feel like it, we're all family here" and then you go talk
             | to him about sex life problems of your marriage and he just
             | stares at you awkwardly. Having explicit layers of social
             | "closeness" makes things much easier to manage. "We address
             | each other using last names, therefore I won't tell him
             | about sex life of my marriage".
        
               | bambax wrote:
               | Interesting choice of username, given this comment ;-)
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | If you address him as anything more than Mr Reactor
               | you'll learn all about what he gets up to...
        
               | staticman2 wrote:
               | In your example the American CEO said you are family.
               | 
               | Do you frequently tell you mom, dad, brothers, children
               | and in laws about your sex life?
               | 
               | Of course not. Whatever problem the American in this
               | hypothetical is having, name conventions are not likely
               | to help.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | This wasn't just "sex life", it was "sex life problems of
               | your marriage". And yes, there's a good chance I'd go to
               | family and close friends if I was having intimacy
               | problems with my spouse (with the approval of my spouse,
               | of course!), assuming I have a close personal
               | relationship with those people.
               | 
               | It's weird to me so many people in America feel they
               | can't talk to anyone but strangers on their internet or
               | paid specialists about their sexual issues. Sex is
               | generally a pretty normal part of life, especially
               | between two married people, and yet everyone feels they
               | can't talk about it at all. It's an unhealthy mindset
               | IMO.
        
               | anal_reactor wrote:
               | > Do you frequently tell you mom, dad, brothers, children
               | and in laws about your sex life?
               | 
               | Yes.
        
               | skygazer wrote:
               | Do you find they look at you the same way your CEO did?
               | If not, you apparently have unusually "special"
               | relationships.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | I don't talk to my work relationship only CEO about
               | anything sexual. That's just common sense, and is built
               | into our social mores, no need for some hokey Mr.
               | Blahblah unless he wants to be called that explicitly,
               | and I'm fine with that.
        
             | cafard wrote:
             | I think American high school kids often refer to and
             | address one another by surname. It was the case when at my
             | son's high school, as I recall at my own, and I think at my
             | wife's. It might have been the case at my father's, and
             | perhaps my wife's parents--I'd have to look at the
             | yearbooks.
        
               | canjobear wrote:
               | This was absolutely not the norm I experienced in the
               | 2000s.
        
               | DaSHacka wrote:
               | Nor I in the 2010's/2020's; I have to assume GP is either
               | significantly older than us, or from a community with a
               | strong cultural bubble that may be clouding their
               | judgement.
        
               | 1shooner wrote:
               | I experienced this at an boy's prep high school in the
               | late 90s. It really was alienating to have friends I'd
               | known since kindergarten start to refer to me by my last
               | name out of sheer conformity.
        
               | jlmcguire wrote:
               | My experience is this mostly between men and generally
               | not as common as it used to be.
               | 
               | My dad is called by his surname by some of his high
               | school pals and call some of them by surname when he's
               | around them (but not in reference to them if he's talking
               | to me). Thinking back to my high school days in the late
               | 00's I can only remember athletes being called by their
               | last name. Perhaps because of football or sports that you
               | just have your last name on your jersey. It would be an
               | interesting thing to understand more.
               | 
               | I could be regional too. I'm from the US in the midwest.
        
               | ep103 wrote:
               | This is what we used to do, because in one friend group
               | there would be 3 mikes and 2 steves. At some point, you
               | have to use nicknames or last names.
        
               | yamazakiwi wrote:
               | Nicknames include variations like Mikey, Mickey, Mikail,
               | Big Michael, Little Michael, Gas Station Michael, Angry
               | Michael, Tony (obligatory wrong name your group uses
               | because there were already too many Michaels and this
               | Michael liked his middle name)
               | 
               | and Mike.
        
               | boogieknite wrote:
               | a lot of the time its just a nickname. public schools in
               | the US are huge and then when it comes to sports the
               | athletes are visiting other schools. before i knew it id
               | meet 12 new Jakes every year so everyone goes by
               | nicknames or last name
               | 
               | theres an occasional phenomenon in the US, often
               | referenced in sitcoms, where an individuals entire first
               | and last name sticks as their "nickname"
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Were your "American" high schools located on some other
               | continent?
        
               | EarlKing wrote:
               | Addressing each other by surname is something that occurs
               | principally in the context of sports, but outside of that
               | you'd just address someone by given name. That was the
               | case as regards children addressing each other or
               | teachers addressing students. Students addressing
               | teachers, of course, would address them by Mr/Mrs/Ms.
               | <surname>. There are some oddball cases where teachers
               | insist their students address them by given name, though.
               | 
               | Also, you made me feel old.
        
               | lukas099 wrote:
               | The surname thing was extremely common even outside of
               | sports at my high school.
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | It is also used when there's name collision
               | 
               | If there's five people named John in the same class in
               | school or the same team at work, it is not uncommon for
               | all John to go by last name.
        
             | dpifke wrote:
             | I have a very common first name (Dave) and a very uncommon
             | last name (Pifke, pronounced PIF-key). The majority of my
             | close friends call me by my last name, since there are
             | several other Daves and Davids in our friend group.
             | 
             | My brother's friends do likewise, since his first name is
             | Mike and he runs with a bunch of other Mikes and Michaels.
             | 
             | There's a naming collision when my brother and I hang out
             | together, but since we live in different states, the system
             | usually works.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | There's always first initial partial last. DPif and MPif
        
           | EasyMark wrote:
           | Yeah I have had bosses refer to me by my last name and it's
           | effin irritating. I almost always prefer relaxed, casual
           | attitudes more than frumpy traditionalist for no good reason
           | situations. I understand rare formal occasions but I don't
           | want to put on some mask of formality every day. I consider
           | everyone equal, at least as far as value as a human being.
           | Just treat me with respect, I'm fine with you using my first
           | name.
        
         | gniv wrote:
         | When I moved to the US it was a cultural shock to have people
         | call me by my first name. But I got used to it quickly and now
         | everything else seems awkward, especially since my last name is
         | hard to pronounce.
        
         | johngossman wrote:
         | These things come and go across times and cultures. Even in the
         | United States, which many people think of as highly informal,
         | it was once common to refer to almost everyone outside the
         | family formally. My grandmother talked to her next door
         | neighbor everyday and they said "Hello, Mrs. G-" and "How are
         | you, Mrs. S-". You also see this in 19th century American and
         | English literature ("Mr. Darcy")
        
           | dustincoates wrote:
           | At least when I was growing up, it was still the norm in the
           | South/Texas. My parents would have never referred to the
           | elderly in our neighborhood by their first names.
        
             | yurishimo wrote:
             | I also great up in Texas (30yo now). I was raised to always
             | say sir/ma'am but for most adults that I knew well, we were
             | on a first name basis. Deacons at church were usually on a
             | first name basis (my parents volunteered a lot so I knew
             | them all really well) but the one noticeable exception was
             | the pastor and anyone in a teaching role.
             | 
             | Teachers were always addressed by Mr/Mrs/Ms and this
             | extended into Scouts as well. For anyone I don't know, I
             | tend to just say "sir/ma'am" (employee at the grocery store
             | for example) unless. If the person has a professional title
             | that I know of, I will use the title (Dr. Martin, Professor
             | Lake, etc).
             | 
             | My parents I suppose were very similar. Sir/Ma'am for most
             | interactions, but I don't recall hearing a Mr/Mrs/Ms when
             | they referenced other people in our lives.
             | 
             | Since I've moved to Europe a few years back, I'm trying to
             | follow the local customs more, which at first glance seem
             | very similar (Netherlands). Formal for strangers, informal
             | for basically everyone else. I've tried using the formal
             | with some older neighbours and they always tell me stop
             | immediately!
        
               | dustincoates wrote:
               | > Deacons at church were usually on a first name basis
               | (my parents volunteered a lot so I knew them all really
               | well) but the one noticeable exception was the pastor and
               | anyone in a teaching role.
               | 
               | That brings up an actually interesting exception. At my
               | church, the pastors were the only adults we'd ever call
               | by their first name, sort of. Our pastor, for example,
               | was always Brother Mike, not Pastor <Last Name>.
        
               | thyristan wrote:
               | Are you certain that Brother Mike wasn't a monk as well,
               | so in a religious context "Brother Mike" was his only
               | proper name?
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > I was raised to always say sir/ma'am
               | 
               | I also grew up in Texas and to this day I still tend to
               | use sir/ma'am for most adults I don't know. Every now and
               | then it seems to throw people off. People don't seem to
               | expect to hear "Yes, sir" very often it seems.
        
               | umbra07 wrote:
               | I think there's a difference between "excuse me sir, you
               | dropped your wallet" and "yessir".
        
             | wahern wrote:
             | In rural Georgia my father's wife, still 15+ years my
             | senior, would always "yessir" and "no sir" me, just as she
             | did with everyone else (ma'am for women, of course). And
             | this was in the past 10 years. Even my half-siblings from
             | rural Alabama do that generally, but not nearly so strictly
             | with family like myself. Use of last names, though, is
             | still reserved for non-family elders.
             | 
             | Conversely, in coastal California that kind of speech is
             | actively (even aggressively) discouraged, such as in public
             | schools, higher grades, especially. It's still appreciated
             | in more traditional communities, though, such as black or
             | immigrant Asian communities. Code switching isn't limited
             | to certain minority groups; even affluent coastal white
             | folks often end of code switching.
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | Spaniard here; addressing someone by the last name looks really
         | outdated.
        
           | whstl wrote:
           | Same.
           | 
           | The only situation where I call people by their last name in
           | my language is when it's their nickname. Like there were two
           | "Johns" so we call the second one "Smith".
        
           | blargthorwars wrote:
           | As a tourist, it's a cheat code to be hyper formal. Gets you
           | instant goodwill.
        
             | agubelu wrote:
             | Spanish has actually three levels of formality when
             | addressing someone by name:
             | 
             | <First name>: Informal, casual conversation.
             | 
             | Don <First name>: More formal, conveys respect while still
             | indicating some closeness.
             | 
             | Senor <Last name>: Most formal, normally used in writing.
             | 
             | Using only someone's last name is just plain weird. If you
             | want to speak formally to someone just address them as
             | "usted", it will get you the same goodwill without sounding
             | off.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | Don it's very outdated unless you address a very
               | important person.
        
               | agubelu wrote:
               | I agree it's more likely to be used by older generations
               | but it's not uncommon to hear it around either,
               | especially when addressing or refering to elders
        
           | tiagod wrote:
           | In Portugal it's very associated with military service. I
           | don't think I've ever been addressed by my last name here.
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | Has _tutoiement_ changed too? How does that work with machines,
         | do they always use _vous_ form?
        
           | benhurmarcel wrote:
           | Typically machines/websites should use "vous", but it is more
           | and more common to read "tu", depending on the target
           | audience and the company marketing.
        
         | andruby wrote:
         | And with french you also have Tu vs Vous.
         | 
         | I am almost at the halfway point of my life expectancy, and I
         | do actually prefer people using my first name over my last
         | name.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | Would addressing you by your mail address work ?
         | 
         | Handling people's name is I think the bane of our field, and
         | leads to many of the awful choices like forcing fields with a
         | first and last name for instance, or requesting people's gender
         | to properly set the Mr and Mrs. As a dev I'm not happy about
         | it, as a user I hate it, I'm not sure the majority of people
         | are happy either with the current state of things.
         | 
         | Accepting that it's a machine sending the mail could simplify
         | all of this quite a bit, provided people are fine by being
         | addressed in an impersonal and inorganic way.
        
           | miki123211 wrote:
           | If you mean snail mail address, no it wouldn't. It's common
           | to share these between people who have the same last (or
           | sometimes first) names. Things get really fun when it's.
           | both, e.g. a man marrying somebody who has the same first
           | name as their sister. This actually happened in my (distant)
           | family.
           | 
           | If you mean an email (or the part before the @), also no.
           | People sometimes sign up from addresses like
           | contact@example.com, and "dear contact" would be super
           | confusing.
           | 
           | The "right thing to do" is to have a "what should we call
           | you" field, which should be completely separate from any
           | names collected for legal purposes, if any.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | > If you mean an email (or the part before the @), also no.
             | People sometimes sign up from addresses like
             | contact@example.com, and "dear contact" would be super
             | confusing.
             | 
             | I was going for the principle that we're not trying to
             | mimic human emotions when it's a mail to remind you to
             | accept the latest TOS.
             | 
             | So, no "Dear", no trying to come up with something socially
             | acceptable, just plain "miki123211@hn.xx, please review our
             | newest Terms and Services at https://....../...."
             | 
             | The "what should we call you" field sounds attractive, but
             | would be ripe for abuse IMHO. Not on technical terms, but
             | users would definitely play with it to have you send "Mrs
             | DeepshitFuckHorse please confirm your email at...." to
             | random addresses for instance, or any other vector that
             | we're not thinking about right now.
        
               | lipowitz wrote:
               | Earlier everything was based on 'handles' and using them
               | was fine and expected.. As networks adopt everyone and
               | become used for formal things it's gotten more
               | complicated to integrate rules of different systems.
               | 
               | I've started to prefer messages that just start with
               | "Hello,".
        
               | miki123211 wrote:
               | This is already plenty common with names.
               | 
               | I tend to use fuck/off as name/surname for completely
               | throwaway accounts, and "dear mr. Fuck" is something I
               | received once.
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | When I was in university, a friend of mine used to address me
           | by my unix username.
        
             | esseph wrote:
             | This rules and your friend is awesome
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | It's not unusual for people to use the name they know you
               | by. In high school, there was someone who addressed me as
               | Ix, the name I used in multiplayer Duke Nukem. He didn't
               | know my name.
               | 
               | There are several people I know primarily through wechat,
               | where it's almost always unnecessary to address people by
               | name because messages have only one recipient. Sometimes
               | this has led to conversations like this:
               | 
               | > What should I call you? Ying ?
               | 
               | > OK.
               | 
               | [I was not especially reassured by that response.]
        
             | ilc wrote:
             | Only one?
             | 
             | You got off light. I had a good number of people call me by
             | my username at my undergrad.
             | 
             | When I went to grad school, they let us select user ids. My
             | user name matched my first name, most elegant solution to
             | that problem yet ;)
        
         | make3 wrote:
         | I feel like tu vs vous is extra annoying in French when you're
         | speaking to someone who's not a stranger. I have no desire to
         | judge if you think you're too famous of eg a professor for me
         | to say tu, your success doesn't create a hierarchy between us,
         | and it's annoying if you think so. I much prefer English for
         | that.
        
         | kaptainscarlet wrote:
         | Giving respect based on seniority is one of the major reasons
         | why autocracies thrive unchecked in some countries as younger
         | people are unable to hold older folks accountable.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | In its extreme shapes maybe, but just paying respect to the
           | elders for having lived much longer and seen so much more, is
           | something that should be normal in my opinion.
        
             | miki123211 wrote:
             | It used to be a lot more reasonable back in the day.
             | 
             | When the world didn't change as quickly, or didn't change
             | at all, the elders truly knew everything the young ones
             | knew, and so much more. They had truly seen everything and
             | had plenty of experience with the problems young people
             | were struggling with.
             | 
             | This very much isn't the case any more. I'm in my twenties
             | (technically part of gen Z), but I already feel like I
             | don't understand the Tiktok-using, trap-loving part of my
             | generation. The 14-18 year olds probably have very
             | different issues now than I did at that age, and that
             | wasn't even so long ago. People from my parents' generation
             | are out of the loop completely, their world still revolves
             | around linear TV, college as a path for success in life
             | etc.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | Oh, I am also not asking my grandparents for concrete
               | life or technical advice. I am just talking about respect
               | of their age, what they experienced and lived through.
        
               | bmicraft wrote:
               | I really don't get why just the concept of deserving
               | respect for having lived longer - why does that make you
               | more deserving of respect, irrespective of how you lived?
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | Just the fact that they lived so much longer. And are
               | usually more wise in life experience.
               | 
               | That doesn't mean I tolerate old farts shouting at my
               | children for being young. Or excuse shitty behavior in
               | general.
               | 
               | But the default for me is paying respect for the elders.
               | Offering them my seat in the train if there is no other,
               | etc.
        
               | umbra07 wrote:
               | > Just the fact that they lived so much longer.
               | 
               | But... why does living longer in and of itself command an
               | extra degree of respect?
               | 
               | > And are usually more wise in life experience.
               | 
               | assertion ;)
               | 
               | > That doesn't mean I tolerate old farts shouting at my
               | children for being young. Or excuse shitty behavior in
               | general.
               | 
               | > But the default for me is paying respect for the
               | elders.
               | 
               | > Offering them my seat in the train if there is no
               | other, etc.
               | 
               | I offer old people my seat because they'll likely feel
               | pain if they have to stand up for a while, they might
               | fall down if the bus goes bump, etc. I won't be pained by
               | standing up for 45 minutes so it doesn't really come at
               | any cost to me.
               | 
               | i.e. I'm not giving up my seat because I respect old
               | people for being old.
        
               | mattgreenrocks wrote:
               | Think of it more as a little extra atop the basic
               | courtesy due to all people (unless they prove otherwise).
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | I'm not sure tik tok expertise implies worldliness or
               | wisdom :)
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | It's a tougher sell when the younger generation gets the
             | short end of the stick.
             | 
             | In a way that would be a good barometer of how that society
             | thinks it's doing and how promising the younger generation
             | sees its future, as prepared by their elders.
             | 
             | It's all the more interesting in countries where the
             | population pyramid if fully reversed, and elders have way
             | more power than the younger working class.
        
           | Barrin92 wrote:
           | seniority as in rank, and respect for elders as in filial
           | piety in East Asia are two very different things. Autocracy
           | relies on execution of arbitrary power, and the latter places
           | a limit on it. It's why after the revolution in China,
           | Confucianism is the first thing they tried to get rid of. I
           | stayed in Beijing during the covid lockdowns and there was
           | one group of people that could do what they wanted "dancing
           | grannies", old people who meet up to dance in public parks
           | because messing with them was seen as too offensive.
           | 
           | Autocracy is usually driven by the opposite, unrestricted
           | mobilization of the youth. In particular true in the West
           | today. Bukele is not exactly a pensioner, and if the US has
           | displayed one thing in recent times it isn't respect for the
           | age of their leaders to put it mildly.
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | Yes, but traditionalist power structures are still
             | authoritarian. Insamuch as they oppose autocracies, it is
             | by virtue of having got there first and not yielding power
             | to the new tyrant[0]. The problem is not the age of the
             | ruler, or the legitimacy of the power structure, but the
             | resulting distribution of power.
             | 
             | Insamuch as Confucian filial piety can be a check on
             | upstart autocrats, that's _useful_ , but not _sufficient_.
             | There 's nothing stopping the Maoist autocracy from
             | embracing Confucius[1]; Mao just didn't want to for
             | ideological reasons. Autocrats are ultimately building a
             | coalition of scam victims that are all locked in the same
             | room with one another. They don't care who's in the room as
             | long as they won't unify against the leader.
             | 
             | In the US, we have Trump, the oldest US President in
             | history, with, to put it mildly, "autocratic ambitions".
             | His coalition includes old people, who vote early and
             | often, and want to impose the social order of the 1950s
             | upon the country. Almost[2] nothing about them suggests
             | that they're going to meaningfully check Trump's power
             | anytime soon; if anything, they're the only[3] faction of
             | the Trump coalition that's gotten anything out of the deal.
             | 
             | [0] If the autocrat wins, they will eventually just become
             | the new traditionalist power structure. Every pirate wants
             | to become an admiral.
             | 
             | [1] Mussolini recognized the Vatican as a sovereign state
             | purely to get the Pope to shut up about him.
             | 
             | [2] Insert clip of some old guy vandalizing a Cybertruck
             | here.
             | 
             | [3] No, I don't count pardoning Ross Ulbricht. The
             | Libertarian Party sold their soul for a donut.
        
         | OhMeadhbh wrote:
         | I try to get people to avoid my first name, mostly because they
         | can't pronounce it. The only time I had a stranger pronounce it
         | right was when we were meeting w/ the Republic of Ireland tech
         | transfer office.
        
           | IAmBroom wrote:
           | O, Mev!
        
         | wazoox wrote:
         | Ah yes, the worst is Discord who always says "tu", who are you?
         | do I know you? Did we herd geese together at some point :D ?
        
         | chromehearts wrote:
         | Very interesting! I work for (probably) the most well known
         | German company. Here, it's always advised to use the first name
         | & the 2nd person singular pronoun ("du"; you) instead of the
         | more formal third person plural pronoun ("Sie"; you)
         | 
         | Company standards differ and every time you meet someone new,
         | say in a Teams-Meeting, the older person generally offers you
         | to use "Du". You may or may not accept it
         | 
         | It's basically "respecting your elders"
         | 
         | While I (21 years of age) talk with my boss on this personal
         | level, I can't get myself to address other older (higher
         | ranked) employees by their first name. Saying Mr. or Mrs. is
         | kinda required for me as the person I am, because I always try
         | to respect them. (This doesn't apply to some other older
         | (higher ranked) employees, those with which I don't have much
         | to work with. While I do respect them, it's not the same type
         | of respect I have for them)
         | 
         | This may sound very confusing and it even is for me, as I am
         | not German and merely adapt to what is the cultural standard
         | here.
         | 
         | My culture we address everyone by their first name. The only
         | thing we must absolutely add are the social prefixes for older
         | folks (typically above a 5 year range? depends on some
         | factors.) I could never address, mention or talk about uncle /
         | aunt XYZ as just XYZ. It's very crucial to always add that,
         | especially for people you know. If you don't know them, just
         | say the preferred prefix as well, it shows a basic level of
         | respect We don't really use our surnames - it's more to
         | identify, who exactly we are talking about. For example, when
         | talking about "Michael", but the involved in the conversation
         | don't know who we're talking about we usually just say "from
         | the house of _surname_ " ( _house of_ is the literal
         | translation)
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | I spent almost 10 years trying to avoid calling my mother and
         | father in law by their first names. In my home country's
         | language there are words for "mother in law" and "father in
         | law" you can use in a second person context, but English
         | doesn't have any. My wife has the opposite problem. She's
         | gotten stuck calling my parents "Mr. XYZ" and "Mrs. XYZ."
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | My inlaws are addressed "mom" and "dad" - is that weird?
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | we've all seen https://www.kalzumeus.com/2010/06/17/falsehoods-
         | programmers-..., yeah?
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Now that I know that every culture approaches this differently,
         | it takes zero effort to not be annoyed when someone does
         | something different than what I expect.
        
           | youngNed wrote:
           | ^^^ what this cunt said
        
             | somanyphotons wrote:
             | found the australian
        
               | youngNed wrote:
               | Irish, we're basically _proto-austalis_
        
         | joshdavham wrote:
         | I never truly understood linguistic formality until I was
         | teaching a class and one of the students addressed me as
         | "Josh". My full name is "Joshua" and students virtually always
         | used to call me that, but that semester, the computer system
         | put my name as "Josh" and it felt weirdly disrespectful when a
         | student called me that even though I know none was intended.
        
       | johngossman wrote:
       | As far as I can tell, everything in this article applies to Japan
       | as well.
        
         | lmm wrote:
         | It does not. Japan a hundred years ago maybe. Some of my
         | Japanese colleagues were surprised when I mentioned this style
         | of age counting in an old novel I was reading.
        
           | johngossman wrote:
           | You're right and I think I got my misinformation from reading
           | older novels too. Apparently, the law changed in 1902 and it
           | broadly phased out in the 50s.
        
         | ang_cire wrote:
         | That used to be true about Japan using the "1 the day you're
         | born" system, but now it's mostly only referenced to joke about
         | kids trying to claim they're older than they really are.
        
         | dumb1224 wrote:
         | In my hometown in China, same practice. However I find it not
         | consistent for people from all over of China. When I get into a
         | causal conversation about childhood with people from everywhere
         | I had to do the conversion in my head (which school year what
         | game came out e.g).
        
       | null_deref wrote:
       | The fact that all Koreans that were born in the same year become
       | of a legal age to drink on the same day, probably creates some
       | cool memories if you drink responsibly
        
         | klntsky wrote:
         | Drinking responsibly is uncool by definition when you are that
         | age.
        
           | apt-apt-apt-apt wrote:
           | 'Oh, no thanks! I am good with one beer!'
        
           | null_deref wrote:
           | Yeah yeah I agree, it's sometimes fun to go crazy in that
           | age. I meant drinking responsibly in the broadest way
           | possible
        
         | Tarq0n wrote:
         | Korea has a binge drinking culture where adolescents frequently
         | peer pressure each other to drink more.
        
       | anhldbk wrote:
       | Most Vietnamese do the same things too.
        
         | politelemon wrote:
         | Does the January 1st thing apply as well?
        
       | Cyphase wrote:
       | Sort of like horses.
       | 
       | https://horseracingsense.com/why-thoroughbred-racehorses-sam...
        
         | bryanhogan wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing, never knew how much Koreans and horses have
         | in common.
        
       | bravesoul2 wrote:
       | Good job the Matrix wasn't set in Korea
        
         | gschizas wrote:
         | Why?
        
           | xxs wrote:
           | 'Mr. Anderson', c'mon (when the big bad referring 'The one',
           | 'Neo')
        
             | Yizahi wrote:
             | Movie with agent Smith as a good guy and a protagonist
             | would be very amusing :)
        
           | ang_cire wrote:
           | I'm guessing because of "neo" being rude
        
             | bryanhogan wrote:
             | This reminds me, it's actually very interesting how English
             | movies get translated into Korean and vice versa, since the
             | nuances mentioned in the article are hard to translate /
             | convey in the other language.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | In Tamatoa's musical number in _Moana_ , he spontaneously
               | breaks into French for a single line of his song, "c'est
               | la vie, mon ami". This is not expected to cause problems
               | for English-speaking audiences.
               | 
               | I thought it was interesting to see how foreign language
               | dubs handled that line. Sometimes they translate the
               | French into the dub language as if it had just been
               | English like the rest of the song. Sometimes they leave
               | it as French. I don't remember any that translate it into
               | a language that isn't the language of the dub, but also
               | isn't French.
               | 
               | (Of particular note, the _French_ dub leaves the line as
               | "untranslated" French.)
               | 
               | Something that feels similar to me is the treatment of
               | the Italian brothers in _Lady and the Tramp_. In the
               | English original, they are jovial immigrants from Italy
               | who operate an Italian restaurant and speak English in a
               | very thick Italian accent.
               | 
               | This cultural concept translated better into some foreign
               | languages than others. In the French dub, the brothers
               | are jovial immigrants from Italy who operate an Italian
               | restaurant and speak French in a very thick Italian
               | accent.
        
               | nmeofthestate wrote:
               | In the Spanish-dubbed version of Fawlty Towers, Manuel is
               | Italian instead of Spanish, and he's Mexican in the
               | Catalan version. (https://archive.ph/9LX6t)
        
               | voidUpdate wrote:
               | People always tell me that watching English dubbed anime
               | isn't good because it loses the nuance of the Japanese
               | language, in similar ways, though I don't speak/read
               | Japanese so I'm either going to be listening to it in
               | English or reading the subs in English. I know I'm going
               | to be losing subtle nuance either way but I've never been
               | good at learning languages
        
             | decimalenough wrote:
             | Sadly for the dad joke, the eo in neo "neo" is a single
             | vowel that sounds more like English "u" or "o", as in
             | Seoul.
        
       | kinleyd wrote:
       | As a young man many years ago I happened to be in Seoul, in a
       | shoe store. I was casually asking prices in English and noticed
       | the salesman or owner was getting visibly angry with me. So much
       | so that as I went around the corner of the store I clearly saw
       | that he had begun advancing toward me, with every intention of
       | physically attacking me. I put my hand forward to stop him and as
       | I did, I shouted loudly, again in English, "Stop. Let me outta
       | here!" To which he suddenly hesitated, stepped aside and let me
       | go.
       | 
       | I wondered for years what I might have done to upset the bloke -
       | he was a well built man and I did not want to fight him! It was
       | only after the KAL crash and the coverage it gave the Korean
       | focus on seniority and age that the penny dropped. He thought I
       | was Korean - I do look very Korean (and Japanese and Chinese) -
       | and was clearly offended by my not respecting his age.
       | 
       | At least that is what I would like to think. The alternative is
       | that I was somehow very offensive anyway and I'd like not to
       | think that.
        
         | whstl wrote:
         | In Germany I never had someone go to those lengths, but I've
         | once made someone visible irritated when I used _" du"_ instead
         | of the more formal _" Sie"_.
         | 
         | Of course I didn't notice but a friend just clued me into it
         | right after.
         | 
         | Thing is, in Berlin nobody really cares I guess, but this time
         | I was in the country... oooooops...
        
           | ffsm8 wrote:
           | That must've been quite some time ago.
           | 
           | With multiple areas with >50% migrants you can count yourself
           | lucky if ppl even speak German fluently enough to hold a
           | conversation.
           | 
           | And the last holdouts that are still mostly natives are
           | usually in the countryside... And the du/Sie rule has always
           | been an urban convention.
           | 
           | Personally, I think your friend just noticed the phrasing and
           | made an issue out of nothing
        
         | yongjik wrote:
         | Umm... I'm not sure I follow. You were casually asking prices
         | in _English_ and the shopowner jumped to the conclusion that
         | you were trolling him by using English when you were fluent in
         | Korean?
         | 
         | If it was around that time, most Koreans were not good at
         | English, and it's not exactly hard to tell a native English
         | speaker from a Korean who learned "I'm a boy, you are a girl"
         | in middle school.
         | 
         | Sounds like the shopowner was just a jerk and was mad for some
         | random reason.
        
       | GreyMolecules wrote:
       | This article does not address another layer that makes the Korean
       | age system complicated: the "bbareun" system. It refers to people
       | born in January or February who, due to the school cutoff being
       | in March, often enter school a year early and socially identify
       | with those born in the previous calendar year.
       | 
       | For example, if I'm "bbareun95", which indicates that I was born
       | in 1995 between January and the end of February, I get to
       | befriend and hang out with the ones born in 1994.
       | 
       | (Please note that Koreans typically make friends within the same
       | narrow age band.)
        
         | bryanhogan wrote:
         | That's very interesting, thanks for mentioning it! I didn't
         | know about that, hence I didn't include it. But it makes sense,
         | I have sometimes noticed people asking whether the other was
         | born early or late into the year, and change their standing
         | based on that, but didn't know that that could have been
         | because of the "bbareun" system.
        
           | GreyMolecules wrote:
           | Being a bbareun can put you in a slightly sticky situation,
           | especially when combined with the strict hierarchy rules
           | regarding honorifics (jondaesmal).
           | 
           | Typically, throughout middle school to university days, a
           | South Korean individual is expected to use the honorific
           | version of the language when speaking to someone older. This
           | version involves a completely different set of vocabulary and
           | grammar, used to show "respect to others" and sound "polite,"
           | effectively preventing one from being casual with others.
           | Whereas a bbareun is allowed to befriend people one year
           | above their age and gets to use "banmal" (the casual version
           | of the language) with those peers.
           | 
           | A social complication can arise when two groups with a
           | monotonic increase in age meet. Say, friend group A comprises
           | a regular 95 and a bbareun 95. They became friends in high
           | school and talk casually. Then there's group B, which
           | consists of a regular 95 and a bbareun 96, who also became
           | friends in high school. Now, when groups A and B start
           | hanging out together at university, the bbareun 95 has to
           | decide whether to use honorific or casual speech with the
           | regular 95 and the bbareun 96.
           | 
           | The ones stuck in the middle, in this case the bbareun95,
           | gets called "jogbo beureikeo", which roughly translates to
           | "pedigree breaker".
        
         | kanbara wrote:
         | this is a thing in the us as well--- tho the cutoff is august
         | or september normally. there's no name for it, but it's real.
         | 
         | and american kids are also way more like to make friends in
         | their school peer age group. i believe this is almost a
         | universal truth for the first world
        
           | rafram wrote:
           | Absolutely true in elementary/middle school, and even a bit
           | in the early parts of high school and college (upperclassmen
           | don't want anything to do with "freshmen"), but in the adult
           | world, I don't think age gaps of 5+ years between friends are
           | uncommon at all.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | > Please note that Koreans typically make friends within the
         | same narrow age band.
         | 
         | Everyone does to some degree or another. For example, Americans
         | do this through middle school. It's not really until high
         | school where you start mingling with other grades.
        
       | socalgal2 wrote:
       | This "high power distance" culture contributed to several airline
       | crashes in the 80s and 90s because people under the captain
       | wouldn't dare to question the captain's decisions.
       | 
       | One in particular:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_801
        
         | decimalenough wrote:
         | Malcolm Campbell popularized this theory. It's not entirely
         | without merit but as ever the reality is more nuanced. NTSB:
         | 
         | > _The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the
         | probable cause of this accident was the captain 's failure to
         | adequately brief and execute the non-precision approach and the
         | first officer's and flight engineer's failure to effectively
         | monitor and cross-check the captain's execution of the
         | approach. Contributing to these failures were the captain's
         | fatigue and Korean Air's inadequate flight crew training.
         | Contributing to the accident was the Federal Aviation
         | Administration's intentional inhibition of the minimum safe
         | altitude warning system at Guam and the agency's failure to
         | adequately manage the system._
        
           | elSidCampeador wrote:
           | *Gladwell - Malcolm Campbell died long ago
        
         | contrarian1234 wrote:
         | Assuming the "power distance" is pre-existing - I find
         | honorifics make it much easier to challenge someone in
         | authority. If you start with a Mr/Mrs Blah or Professor Blah
         | and then present critcism.. it typically comes off better. B/c
         | you are showing you're not too chummy and you're strongly
         | implying you respect them (at least somewhat).
         | 
         | Ex: You're in a lecture and you tell your professor "Professor
         | X, I think on slide 10 there is a mistake". This comes off much
         | better than "Hey Bob, I think there is a mistake on slide 10"
         | 
         | So at least personally, if appropriate, I default to using
         | honorifics b/c it makes people feel better. (Unless they for
         | some reason want to be seen as your peer - which does happen
         | rarely)
        
           | nindalf wrote:
           | Yeah in my personal experience I like honorifics for the same
           | reason. Not possible in English but in the other languages I
           | know I make it a point to address everyone (except family and
           | friends) with the higher honorific. Especially restaurant
           | staff or other service workers. Sometimes I wish English had
           | an easy way for me to convey "I respect you" as subtext.
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | >Sometimes I wish English had an easy way for me to convey
             | "I respect you" as subtext.
             | 
             | I find that sir/ma'am plus politeness (please, thank you,
             | etc.) works nicely.
             | 
             | While there is the chance that you might misgender someone
             | with that, that's not very common (at least for me) as long
             | as you, you know, pay attention.
             | 
             | That said unless they have a note tattooed on their
             | forehead with their preferred term of address, I can only
             | use non-language cues to determine the appropriate term.
             | 
             | On the rare occasions where I use the wrong term and am
             | corrected, I am fastidious in adhering to the requested
             | term(s).
             | 
             | None of that's is rocket surgery, just simple respect for
             | other humans IMHO.
        
         | silenced_trope wrote:
         | Relevant:
         | 
         | Nathan Fielder's show "The Rehearsal" on HBO recently released
         | season 2, the entire season is about airline cockpit dynamics
         | between the first officer and the pilot.
        
         | throw55653s2 wrote:
         | That sounds like pop science. I find it funny culture is used
         | to describe why things fail in Asia, but when things fail in
         | the West, it's because of that individual person's actions.
        
           | subarctic wrote:
           | Kind of makes sense when you think about it, since if the
           | person is describing it in English at least there's a good
           | chance they are from the West.
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | Also: PIA 8303 https://www.dailyo.in/variety/pakistan-flight-
         | crash-pia-flig...
        
       | beardyw wrote:
       | 'Using "you" in Korean is quite interesting since the direct
       | translation neo / neo is often too rude'
       | 
       | This is most likely an equivalent to thee/thou which was
       | considered rude to use for one's superiors or elders as in:
       | 
       | "Don't tha "thee" me!" - it's ok for me to use for you but not
       | t'other way round.
       | 
       | Now many believe thou/thee to be respectful because of the bible,
       | where in fact it is used as familiarity.
        
       | kijin wrote:
       | Korean age is a hack that helps ease the friction that all those
       | rules of seniority and different speech levels impose on us.
       | 
       | It gives you an age bracket within which everyone is equal, once
       | and for all, regardless of their exact date of birth. Your friend
       | isn't suddenly going to speak down to you when he turns 7 and
       | you're still 6, except perhaps as a joke. Both of you are 8 in
       | Korean age, and will turn 9 at the exact same moment. This age
       | bracket produces a stable peer group who can remain friends for
       | life, regardless of when or where individuals went to school, got
       | a job, or enlisted in the army -- all the other places where
       | hierarchy can be imposed.
       | 
       | Of course, the year is also important for reasons of
       | superstition. There are still some elderly people who ask for the
       | (Chinese zodiac) animal associated with your year of birth,
       | instead of the year itself.
        
       | thaumasiotes wrote:
       | I'm surprised they ask for the year directly. My impression is
       | that in China, if you want to know someone's age, you ask for the
       | animal of their birth year. That gives you the year mod 12, which
       | you're expected to be able to resolve to a particular year
       | yourself.
        
         | tdeck wrote:
         | I've read that it's considered perfectly OK to ask someone's
         | salary in China, so it's interesting that asking a person's
         | birth year would be sensitive.
        
       | whensean wrote:
       | From the perspective of national and social development, this is
       | definitely a dross culture. This system similar to hierarchy
       | seemingly increases the courtesy among people. However, it more
       | often leads to age bullying, blind obedience to the elders, and
       | hinders resistance and innovation.
       | 
       | Influenced by Confucian culture, China doesn't have such a
       | perverted etiquette system at all.
        
         | 4gotunameagain wrote:
         | Typical cultural superiority bias.
         | 
         | Every way has its pros and cons. Having an age related
         | hierarchy might have benefits like societal coherence or
         | stability. I am not a proponent of it, I just acknowledge my
         | inability to fully grasp the impact and ramifications as to
         | label one as superior and the other as "perverted".
        
           | cess11 wrote:
           | If you think hierarchy is natural and good you're a
           | conservative or some other kind of reactionary.
           | 
           | Hierarchies invite revolt and need a lot of force to keep in
           | place.
        
             | 4gotunameagain wrote:
             | I did not talk about natural, I did not talk about good.
             | 
             | If you think there are no hierarchies _everywhere_ , then
             | we have a completely different worldview.
        
               | mock-possum wrote:
               | It's sounds like we're running into the is/ought problem
               | - just because there _is_ hierarchy doesn't mean that's
               | the way it _ought_ to be.
        
           | ZephyrBlu wrote:
           | In the modern day, Korean culture is absolutely cooked. There
           | is a reason their birth rates are so terrible. Talking to
           | Koreans and consuming even just a little bit of media about
           | Korea makes some of the problems pretty obvious.
        
       | Noelia- wrote:
       | I find it really interesting how much weight that simple question
       | "What year were you born?" carries in Korean social life. A
       | Korean friend once told me that it's not about prying into your
       | private life, it's about figuring out how to talk to you and what
       | to call you.
       | 
       | It also made me realize that a lot of the small social details we
       | take for granted might seem really jarring or even rude in
       | another culture.
        
       | Leftium wrote:
       | Koreans have some "hacks" to get around this (age-based) social
       | hierarchy:
       | 
       | 1. Some workplaces use English names (and even English language)
       | so co-workers can speak/refer to each other without using the
       | social hierarchy constructs built into the Korean language.
       | 
       | 2. Social (partnered) dance clubs go by nicknames for the same
       | reason. Even though I dance with them on a regular basis, I don't
       | know most of my dance friends' real names. I'm not aware of any
       | other country where dancers do this.
        
         | rafram wrote:
         | > Some workplaces use English names (and even English language)
         | so co-workers can speak/refer to each other without using the
         | social hierarchy constructs built into the Korean language.
         | 
         | That's so interesting. It reminds me very vaguely of Indians
         | escaping the caste hierarchy by converting to Islam or
         | Buddhism. Sometimes the easiest way out of a restrictive system
         | in your culture is just to switch cultural contexts entirely.
        
         | kwillets wrote:
         | Kakao ended the English names a year or so ago due to
         | inevitable confusion, but now people are supposed to add the
         | "nim" (dear) suffix to each other's Korean names instead, which
         | sounds creepy.
         | 
         | The funny part of the Kakao CEO asking to be called Brian is
         | that there was a K-drama (Search WWW) with a fictional tech
         | company, but they also made the CEO name Brian. I suspect if
         | this idea had gone on every CEO would be called Brian.
        
       | Leftium wrote:
       | It can also be considered rude to use the more formal style of
       | speech when the social hierarchy dictates the informal style
       | should be used.
       | 
       | The book Using Korean[1] gives a detailed explanation of how
       | formal speech indicates social distance more than simple
       | politeness:
       | 
       | > [jondaesmal] indicates a psychological distance between the
       | speaker and the hearer... a couple in a romantic relationship who
       | normally use an intimate casual style with each other will
       | suddenly switch to a formal style after they fight, to
       | demonstrate the distance they feel from each other.
       | 
       | From a related discussion:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/Korean/comments/vcusut/comment/icj2...
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=2ggVsnUCbiAC&lpg=PA17&pg...
        
         | blissofbeing wrote:
         | It's interesting that someone like a boss would be further away
         | from you and not a friend, how would you talk to your boss that
         | is also your friend?
        
           | Leftium wrote:
           | I suppose it would depend on the exact people and
           | circumstances: the "social distance" can be very subjective.
           | 
           | - The same situation with different people or the same people
           | in a different situation may result in different speech
           | levels.
           | 
           | - If an older person feels really close to a junior, they may
           | even ask them to "lower their speech."
           | 
           | There was a documentary about a much older Korean working for
           | a very young boss. This resulted in a conflict: age hierarchy
           | vs role hierarchy. They both spoke to each other in the
           | formal style.
           | 
           | And think about addressing a mix of people who are both above
           | and below you in the hierarchy...
        
       | bitbasher wrote:
       | Japanese also has a number of social systems and expectations
       | that can be tricky to navigate as an outsider.
       | 
       | When I was younger and studying Japanese I used to play a popular
       | Japanese MMORPG. It was popular among middle aged individuals
       | (25-50).
       | 
       | I was lucky enough to meet a Japanese clan leader that invited me
       | into one of the largest clans in the game. Fast forward a year or
       | so-- and a new player joined the clan.
       | 
       | One day the new player flipped out on me in our clan chat. Our
       | clan leaders told her I wasn't Japanese and to cut me some slack.
       | She refused to believe I was a foreigner.
       | 
       | On the one hand I was proud. My Japanese was good enough for
       | someone to think I wasn't a foreigner. On the other hand I was
       | sad, I clearly did something wrong.
       | 
       | The clan leader spoke to me in a 1:1 fashion and tried to
       | explain. It wasn't the language I used, but more or less how I
       | interacted with the more senior clan members. I would often
       | suggest things we could do or ask if they wanted to do something.
       | In reality, it was expected to do small talk and wait for senior
       | clan members to suggest something to do. I was crossing some
       | social boundary...
        
         | Llamamoe wrote:
         | > I would often suggest things we could do or ask if they
         | wanted to do something. In reality, it was expected to do small
         | talk and wait for senior clan members to suggest something to
         | do. I was crossing some social boundary...
         | 
         | I know that this sort of shit happens in corporations and the
         | government, but the idea that it crosses over into even
         | multiplayer games makes me reconsider if I really want to ever
         | visit Japan...
        
           | neurostimulant wrote:
           | Big clans are basically companies with hierarchical power
           | structure.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | Social structures still exist in social situations. I don't
           | really see what the alternative would be.
           | 
           | I found an interesting interview on youtube of someone who
           | grew up in Japan and moved to Korea:
           | 
           | > What is your favorite thing about Korea?
           | 
           | > I find it comfortable that Koreans are honest about their
           | thoughts.
           | 
           | > In the beginning I was hurt a lot and it was hard because
           | of how honest Koreans are
           | 
           | > What do you think is the difference between Korea and
           | Japan?
           | 
           | > First of all I think there is a difference in personality
           | 
           | > Since I was living in Japan, up until I was 18 years old, I
           | had a typical Japanese personality
           | 
           | > Back then I couldn't speak my mind [...] and dancing was
           | the only way I could express myself
           | 
           | > [...] and I also couldn't reject [someone/something]
           | 
           | > when my friends said we should do something, I always said
           | yes
           | 
           | > after living in Korea, I felt a lot that I need to say what
           | I want and don't want to do
           | 
           | Given that it's unacceptable to reject what a _peer_ wants to
           | do in Japan, I can see where making suggestions to a superior
           | would cause problems.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPqqwrZqjK8
        
       | readthenotes1 wrote:
       | 'Using "you" in Korean is quite interesting since the direct
       | translation neo / neo is often too rude.'
       | 
       | That makes me wonder how the preferred third person pronoun
       | movement works in Korea...
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | What would be the polite way to decline to answer the question?
       | Is that even possible?
        
       | daft_pink wrote:
       | I've been told the one reason why Japanese is so hard to learn is
       | because there is an underlying etiquette and social hierarchy
       | built into the language and it is not simply being able to
       | understand and speak the words.
       | 
       | Native speakers tolerate errors when it's obvious someone is non-
       | native, but become offended when they speak it perfectly, but
       | screw up the social heirarchy, so it's extremely hard to progress
       | beyond a certain point.
        
         | gyomu wrote:
         | Heh that's overstated. As a non Asian foreigner*, you get a lot
         | of leeway for making mistakes when speaking Japanese, as it is
         | somehow ingrained in the subconscious here that Japanese is
         | very special and very complicated and a foreigner trying to
         | speak it is already doing something near impossible.
         | 
         | If your Japanese is near flawless except for the honorific
         | register that would strike people as weird, but then what did
         | you do to end up speaking flawless Japanese without ever
         | properly internalizing honorific Japanese?
         | 
         | *(If you are an Asian foreigner, you are subject to many other
         | layers of prejudice unrelated to your language ability)
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | My grandmother spent a lot of time in Japan, and she reported
           | that everyone was very accommodating initially, but that over
           | time the expectation developed that after being there for so
           | long she should have learned the correct way to behave.
        
       | lvl155 wrote:
       | Koreans from Korea often do not follow this rule outside of the
       | country. They basically use it whenever it benefits them. So in
       | essence this aspect of the culture is pretty much...BS.
        
       | dkga wrote:
       | I find it surprising actually how much these seniority rules are
       | well-defined in many cultures, but in Brazil there is strong
       | variation - even in the same geography. For example, a colleague
       | who is learning Brazilian Portuguese was under the impression
       | that "voce" and "tu" were the equivalent of "vous/tu" or
       | "Sie/du". In reality, they are just different regional ways of
       | saying the informal you. In Brazilian Portuguese is to call
       | someone "o Senhor/a Senhora" based on their gender, with a
       | singular third person declination. And in the countryside, it is
       | common to hear people use "Doutor/Doutora" the same way they
       | would use the normal formal language when addressing educated
       | people or land-owners.
       | 
       | Another example many people outside Brazil find interesting: in
       | my family we were taught to never use the formal towards anyone.
       | The rationale is that everyone is equal and that using the formal
       | language was disrespectful because it created an artificial
       | distance between us and the other person. We were also taught
       | never to use the formal language when praying for the same
       | reason. However, other people are taught to use the formal
       | language towards bosses and elders, also with a respect
       | rationale, and some other folks in Brazil (even from big cities)
       | actually require that their children address them with formal
       | language. So now when in doubt I use the formal language with
       | people that are much older than I am although that feels utterly
       | unnatural to me, but I always make people comfortable to use the
       | informal with me as I personally find this to be more respectful.
       | 
       | Just one more comment: in Brazil it is unfortunately the case
       | that some offices have a standard treatment like "your
       | excellency", etc, which are nominally meant to respect the office
       | but in reality become a kind of test of compliance and obedience.
       | I recall in particular one incident where an attorney presenting
       | in front of the Supreme Court was severely reprimanded for not
       | address justices with the proper term. Personally, I am not sure
       | that required compliance with a style - by regulation or by
       | societal expectations - is indeed "respect" if it is not matched
       | with actions and posture that really reflect due consideration
       | towards the other person.
        
         | inerte wrote:
         | Or the judge who sued his condominium demanding its employees
         | call him "doutor" (Your Honor)...
         | 
         | As a Brazilian raised to not care about this stuff, I would say
         | even rebelled a bit, it was weird to basically be required to
         | do so once I reached adulthood. I remember getting in front of
         | a sheriff and having to address him as "doutor". I remember
         | talking to an intern in law firms and he corrected me when I
         | addressed him by name saying, "No, it's DOUTOR Adriano".
         | 
         | Gee, let's not even mention the medical field... veterinarians
         | and nutritionists want to be called "doutor"...
        
         | tdeck wrote:
         | > Another example many people outside Brazil find interesting:
         | in my family we were taught to never use the formal towards
         | anyone. The rationale is that everyone is equal and that using
         | the formal language was disrespectful because it created an
         | artificial distance between us and the other person. We were
         | also taught never to use the formal language when praying for
         | the same reason.
         | 
         | Interestingly this is why Quakers continued to address people
         | as thou/thee long after everyone else abandoned the practice.
         | Thou was originally the "informal" second person singular
         | pronoun in English, "you" was plural. People used "thou" (the
         | familiar form) in conversations with God. People used "you" as
         | a singular pronoun to be polite. Eventually, "you" overtook
         | thou.
         | 
         | But the Quakers believed that using "you" to show respect was
         | anti-egalitarian and resisted the trend for a long time.
         | 
         | Nowadays because "thou" appears a lot in the King James Bible
         | it tends to be associated with formal, archaic language, so if
         | anything the connotation is the reverse.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thou
        
       | OJFord wrote:
       | A not dissimilar age thing I've found interesting is from India:
       | it is (or can be? Big country) typical to age yourself by the
       | year of life you're in, i.e. 1-based rather than 0-based,
       | basically.
       | 
       | On his birthday my grandfather in law said 'I am x years old!
       | [...] Oh, no, x-1 _complete_. '
       | 
       | It's funny these kinds of arbitrary systems for things we have,
       | and never question, until you suddenly stumble into one that's
       | slightly different.
        
       | xenadu02 wrote:
       | In the USA as a low-level employee address the company CEO as
       | "heya phil, hows it going?". Then address your friend with "Hello
       | Mr. Smith". In most cases you won't get a positive reaction out
       | of either one of those (yes exceptions exist).
       | 
       | How about this: address your husband/wife as "Mr/Mrs <lastname>",
       | especially after a fight. Similarly when the kids have been doing
       | something or you are frustrated with your partner say " _your_
       | son did X ".
       | 
       | Every language has explicit and implicit rules for expressing
       | honor, respect, and closeness. Informal systems can vary more
       | often and be more fluid but they always exist.
        
         | drchickensalad wrote:
         | Gotta love when you're in a 2,000 person public company, and
         | you can still "heya Phil" despite not being a personal friend
         | at all, and he even prefers it
        
         | losvedir wrote:
         | I actually think "heya phil" is more the norm than not.
         | Certainly in tech that's the case. For example, we address the
         | CEO of the company I work at (small but public) by her first
         | name. From tuning into investor calls from my days in finance
         | it's even common at non-tech companies.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | Small tech firms are notorious outliers when it comes to this
           | though
        
       | joshdavham wrote:
       | How does this generally work with romantic relationships? Do
       | people usually only start relationships if they are of the same
       | age?
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | Is it more or less beneficial to birth a Korean child on December
       | 31 so they can be two years in Korean Age ASAP? Thinking about
       | their career prospects, certain legal requirements etc. if older
       | is better, it seems like you'd want to hit that December 31st
       | birth date.
        
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