[HN Gopher] Low-background Steel: content without AI contamination
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Low-background Steel: content without AI contamination
        
       Author : jgrahamc
       Score  : 395 points
       Date   : 2025-06-10 17:55 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.jgc.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.jgc.org)
        
       | schmookeeg wrote:
       | I'm not as allergic to AI content as some (although I'm sure I'll
       | get there) -- but I admire this analogy to low-background steel.
       | Brilliant.
        
         | ris wrote:
         | > I'm not as allergic to AI content as some
         | 
         | I suspect it's less about phobia, more about avoiding training
         | AI on its own output.
         | 
         | This is actually something I'd been discussing with colleagues
         | recently. Pre-AI content is only ever going to become more
         | precious because it's one thing we can never make more of.
         | 
         | Ideally we'd have been cryptographically timestamping all data
         | available in ~2015, but we are where we are now.
        
           | smikhanov wrote:
           | It's about keeping different corpuses of written material
           | that was created by humans, for research purposes. You
           | wouldn't want to contaminate your human language word
           | frequency databases with AI slop, the linguists of this world
           | won't like it.
        
           | abound wrote:
           | One surprising thing to me is that using model outputs to
           | train other/smaller models is standard fare and seems to work
           | quite well.
           | 
           | So it seems to be less about not training AI on its own
           | outputs and more about curating some overall quality bar for
           | the content, AI-generated or otherwise
        
             | jgrahamc wrote:
             | Back in the early 2000s when I was doing email filtering
             | using naive Bayes in my POPFile email filter one of the
             | surprising results was that taken the output of the filter
             | as correct and retraining on a message as if it had been
             | labelled by a human worked well.
        
               | bhickey wrote:
               | Were you thresholding the naive Bayes score or doing soft
               | distillation?
        
               | jgrahamc wrote:
               | POPFile was doing something incredibly simple (if
               | enabled). Imagine there are two classes of email (ham and
               | spam) (POPFile was actually built to do classification
               | for arbitrary categories but often used as a spam
               | filter). When a message was received and classified its
               | classification was assumed to be correct and the entire
               | message was fed into the training as if the user had
               | specifically told the program to train on it (which was
               | only done when messages were incorrectly classified).
               | 
               | In the two class case the two classes (ham and spam) were
               | so distinct that this had the effect of causing
               | parameters that were essentially uniquely associated with
               | each class to become more and more important to that
               | class. But also, it caused the filter to pick up new
               | parameters that were specific to each class (e.g. as
               | spammers changed their trickery to evade the filters they
               | would learn the new tricks).
               | 
               | There was a threshold involved. I had a cut off score so
               | that only when the classifier was fairly "certain" if the
               | message was ham or spam would it re-train on the message.
        
           | glenstein wrote:
           | >more about avoiding training AI on its own output.
           | 
           | Exactly. The analogy I've been thinking of is if you use some
           | sort of image processing filter over and over again to the
           | point that it overpowers the whole image and all you see is
           | the noise generated from the filter. I used to do this
           | sometimes with Irfanview and it's sharp and blur.
           | 
           | And I believe that I've seen TikTok videos showing AI
           | constantly iterating over an image and then iterating over
           | its output with the same instructions and seeming to converge
           | on a style of like a 1920s black and white cartoon.
           | 
           | And I feel like there might be such a thing as a linguistic
           | version of that. Even a conceptual version.
        
           | seadan83 wrote:
           | I'm worried about humans training on AI output. Example, a
           | rare fish had a viral AI image made. The image is completely
           | fake. Though, when you search for that fish, the image is
           | what comes up, repeatedly. It is hard to know it is all fake,
           | looks real. Content fabrication at scale has a lot of second
           | order impacts.
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | I am not allergic to it either (and I created the site). The
         | idea was to keep track of stuff that we know humans made.
        
       | thm wrote:
       | Related: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43811732
        
       | Legend2440 wrote:
       | I'm not convinced this is going to be as big of a deal as people
       | think.
       | 
       | Long-run you want AI to learn from actual experience (think
       | repairing cars instead of reading car repair manuals), which both
       | (1. gives you an unlimited supply of noncopyrighted training data
       | and (2. handily sidesteps the issue of AI-contaminated training
       | data.
        
         | smikhanov wrote:
         | Prediction: there won't be any AI systems repairing cars before
         | there will be general intelligence-capable humanoid robots (Ex
         | Machina-style).
         | 
         | There also won't be any AI maids in five-star hotels until
         | those robots appear.
         | 
         | This doesn't make your statement invalid, it's just that the
         | gap between today and the moment you're describing is so
         | unimaginably vast that saying "don't worry about AI slop
         | contaminating your language word frequency databases, it'll
         | sort itself out eventually" is slightly off-mark.
        
           | ToucanLoucan wrote:
           | It blows my mind that some folks are still out here thinking
           | LLMs are the tech-tree towards AGI and independently thinking
           | machines, when we can't even get copilot to stop suggesting
           | libraries that don't exist for code we fully understand _and
           | created._
           | 
           | I'm sure AGI is possible. It's not coming from ChatGPT no
           | matter how much Internet you feed to it.
        
             | Legend2440 wrote:
             | Well, we won't be feeding it internet - we'll be using RL
             | to learn from interaction with the real world.
             | 
             | LLMs are just one very specific application of deep
             | learning, doing next-word-prediction of internet text. It's
             | not LLMs specifically that's exciting, it's deep learning
             | as a whole.
        
           | sebtron wrote:
           | I don't understand the obsession with humanoid robots that
           | many seem to have. Why would you make a car repairing machine
           | human-shaped? Like, what would it use its legs for? Wouldn't
           | it be better to design it tailored to its purpose?
        
             | TGower wrote:
             | Economies of scale. The humanoid form can interact with all
             | of the existing infrastructure for jobs currently done by
             | humans, so that's the obvious form factor for companies
             | looking to churn out robots to sell by the millions.
        
               | tartoran wrote:
               | Not only that but if humanoid robots were available
               | commercially (and viable) they could be used as
               | housemaids or for.. companionship if not more. Of course,
               | we're entering SciFi territory but it's long been a SciFi
               | theme.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Can, but an insectoid form factor and much smaller size
               | could easily be better. It's not so common that being of
               | human size is an advantage even where things are set up
               | to allow for humans.
               | 
               | Consider how chimney sweeps used to be children.
        
             | smikhanov wrote:
             | Legs? To jump into the workshop pit, among other things.
             | Palms are needed to hold a wrench or a spanner, fingers are
             | needed to unscrew nuts.
             | 
             | Cars are not built to accommodate whatever universal repair
             | machine there could be, cars are built with an expectation
             | that a mechanic with arms and legs will be repairing it,
             | and will be for a while.
             | 
             | A non-humanoid robot in a human-designed world populated by
             | humans looks and behaves like this, at best:
             | https://youtu.be/Hxdqp3N_ymU
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | More and more, cars are not built with repair in mind. At
               | least not as a top priority. There are many repairs that
               | now require removal of substantial unrelated components
               | or perhaps the entire engine because the failed thing is
               | just impossible to reach in situ.
               | 
               | Nuts and bolts are used because they are good mechanical
               | fasteners that take advantage of the enormous "squeezing"
               | leverage a threaded faster provides. Robots already
               | assemble cars, and we still use nuts and bolts.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Cars were always like that. Once in a while they worry
               | about repairs but often they don't, and never have.
        
               | sheiyei wrote:
               | This is such a bad take that I have a hard time believing
               | it's not just trolling.
               | 
               | Really, a robot which could literally have an impact
               | wrench built into it would HOLD a SPANNER and use FINGERS
               | to remove bolts?
               | 
               | Next I'm expecting you say self-driving cars will
               | necessarily require a humanoid sitting in the driver's
               | seat to be feasible. And delivery robots (broadly in use
               | in various places around the world) have a tiny humanoid
               | robot inside them to make the go.
        
               | smikhanov wrote:
               | Really, a robot which could literally have an impact
               | wrench built into it would HOLD a SPANNER and use FINGERS
               | to remove bolts?
               | 
               | Sure, why not? A built-in impact wrench is built in
               | forever, but a palm and fingers can hold a wrench, a
               | spanner, a screwdriver, a welding torch, a drill, an
               | angle grinder and trillion other tools of every possible
               | size and configuration, that any workshop already has.
               | You suggest to build all those tools into a robot? The
               | multifunctional device you imagine is now incredibly
               | expensive and bulky, likely are not reaching into narrow
               | gaps between car's parts, still not having as many
               | degrees of freedom as human hand, and is limited by the
               | set of tools the manufacturer thought of, unlike the
               | hand, which can grab any previously unexpected tool with
               | ease.
               | 
               | Still want to repair the car with just the built-in
               | wrench?
        
               | sheiyei wrote:
               | Ugh, still missed by a long shot. How about instead of a
               | convoluted set of dozens of tiny, weak joints, there's a
               | connection that delivers power (electric, pneumatic,
               | torque, you name it) to any toolhead you want, and the
               | robot can swap out like existing manufacturing robots do.
               | A hand tool for picking things up may be reasonable in
               | rare cases,, but even that won't look like a human hand,
               | if it's not made by a madman. But yeah, let's prioritize
               | a bad compromise of a humanoid with 5 000 joints instead
               | of basically an arm with 10 joints that achieves the same
               | thing, because little robot cute and look like me me
        
               | smikhanov wrote:
               | Alright, let's run this thought experiment further then.
               | 
               | You suggest a connector to connect to a set of robot-
               | compatible tools, fine. That set is again limited by what
               | the robot manufacturer thought of in advance, so you're
               | out of luck if you need to weld things, for example, but
               | your robot doesn't come with a compatible welder.
               | Attaching and detaching those tools now becomes a weak
               | point: you either need a real human replacing the tools
               | (ruining the autonomy), or you need to devise a procedure
               | for your robot to switch tools somehow by detaching one
               | from itself, putting it on a workbench for further use,
               | and attaching a new one from a workbench.
               | 
               | The more universal and autonomous that switching
               | procedure becomes, the more you're in the business of
               | actually reinventing a human hand.
               | 
               | But let's assume that you've succeeded in that, against
               | all odds. You now have a powerful robotic arm, connected
               | to a base, that can work with a set of tools it can
               | itself attach and detach. Now imagine for a second that
               | this arm can't reach a certain point in the car it
               | repairs and needs to move itself across the workshop.
               | 
               | Suddenly you're in the business of reinventing the legs.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | They want a child.
        
         | AnotherGoodName wrote:
         | The hallucinations get quoted and then sourced as truth
         | unfortunately.
         | 
         | A simple example. "Which MS Dos productivity program had
         | connect four built in?".
         | 
         | I have an MSDOS emulator and know the answer. It's a little
         | obscure but it's amazing how i get a different answer from all
         | the AI's every time. I never saw any of them give the correct
         | answer. Try asking it the above. Then ask it if it's sure about
         | that (it'll change it's mind!).
         | 
         | Now remember that these types of answers may well end up quoted
         | online and then learnt by AI with that circular referenced
         | source as the source. We have no truth at that point.
         | 
         | And seriously try the above question. It's a great example of
         | AI repeatedly stating an authoritative answer that's completely
         | made up.
        
           | spogbiper wrote:
           | just tried this with gemini 2.5 flash and pro several times,
           | it just keeps saying it doesn't know of any such thing and
           | suggesting it was a software bundle where the game was
           | included alongside the productivity application or I'm not
           | remembering correctly.
           | 
           | not great (assuming there actually is such a software) but
           | not as bad as making something up
        
           | jonchurch_ wrote:
           | What is the correct answer?
        
             | AnotherGoodName wrote:
             | Autosketch for MS-Dos had connect four. It's under "game"
             | in the file menu.
             | 
             | This is an example of a random fact old enough no one ever
             | bothered talking about it on the internet. So it's not
             | cited anywhere but many of us can just plain remember it.
             | When you ask ChatGPT (as of now on June 6th 2025) it gives
             | a random answer every time.
             | 
             | Now that i've stated this on the internet in a public
             | manner it will be corrected but... There's a million such
             | things that i could give as an example. Some question
             | obscure enough that no one's given an answer on the
             | internet before so AI doesn't know but recent enough that
             | many of us know the answer so we can instantly see just how
             | much AI hallucinates.
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | > random fact old enough no one ever bothered talking
               | about it on the internet. So it's not cited anywhere but
               | many of us can just plain remember it.
               | 
               | And since it is not written down on some website, this
               | fact will disappear from the world once "many of us" die.
        
               | WillAdams wrote:
               | Interestingly, Copilot in Windows 11 claims that it was
               | Excel 95 (which actually had a Flight Simulator Easter
               | Egg).
        
               | AnotherGoodName wrote:
               | https://imgur.com/a/eWNTUrC for a screenshot btw to
               | anyone curious.
               | 
               | To give some context, i wanted to go back to it for
               | nostalgia sake but couldn't quite remember the name of
               | the application. I asked various AI's what was the
               | application i'm trying to remember and they were all off
               | the mark. In the end only my own neurons finally lighting
               | up got me the answer i was looking for.
        
               | kaijia wrote:
               | Thanks for this fascinating example! Autosketch is still
               | downloadable (
               | https://winworldpc.com/product/autosketch/30 ). Then you
               | can unzip it, and                 $ strings disk1.img |
               | grep 'game'       The object of the game is to get four
               | Start a new game and place your first
               | 
               | So if ChatGPT cares to analyze all files on the internet,
               | it should know the correct answer...
               | 
               | (edit: formatting)
        
               | ericrallen wrote:
               | Interestingly, the Kagi Assistant managed to find this
               | thread while researching the question, but every model I
               | tested (without access to the higher quality Ultimate
               | plan models) was unable to retrieve the correct answer.
               | 
               | Here's an example with Gemini Flash 2.5 Preview: https://
               | kagi.com/assistant/9f638099-73cb-4d58-872e-d7760b3ce...
               | 
               | It will be interesting to see if/when this information
               | gets picked up by models.
        
               | ofrzeta wrote:
               | Next time try asking which software has the classic quote
               | by William of Ockham in the About menu.
        
           | Legend2440 wrote:
           | ChatGPT 4o waffles a little bit and suggests the Microsoft
           | Entertainment pack (which is not productivity software or MS-
           | DOS), but says at the end:
           | 
           | >If you're strictly talking about MS-DOS-only productivity
           | software, there's no widely known MS-DOS productivity app
           | that officially had a built-in Connect Four game. Most MS-DOS
           | apps were quite lean and focused, and games were generally
           | separate.
           | 
           | I suspect this is the correct answer, because I can't find
           | any MS-DOS Connect Four easter eggs by googling. I might be
           | missing something obscure, but generally if I can't find it
           | by Googling I wouldn't expect an LLM to know it.
        
             | AnotherGoodName wrote:
             | ChatGPT in particular will give an incorrect (but unique!)
             | answer every time. At the risk of losing a great example of
             | AI hallucination, it's Autosketch
             | 
             | Not shown fully but
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBCrVwnV5DU&t=39s note the
             | game in the file menu.
        
               | Legend2440 wrote:
               | Wow, that is quite obscure. Even with the name I can't
               | find any references to it on Google. I'm not surprised
               | that the LLMs don't know about it.
               | 
               | You can always make stuff up to trigger AI
               | hallucinations, like 'which 1990s TV show had a talking
               | hairbrush character?'. There's no difference between 'not
               | in the training set' and 'not real'.
               | 
               | Edit: Wait, no, there actually was a 1990s TV show with a
               | talking hairbrush character:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Toothbrush_Family
               | 
               | This is hard.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | > There's no difference between 'not in the training set'
               | and 'not real'.
               | 
               | I know what you meant but this is the whole point of this
               | conversation. There is a huge difference between "no
               | results found" and a confident "that never happened", and
               | if new LLMs are trained on old ones saying the latter
               | then they will be trained on bad data.
        
               | dowager_dan99 wrote:
               | >> You can always make stuff up to trigger AI
               | hallucinations
               | 
               | Not being able to find an answer to a made up question
               | would be OK, it's ALWAYS finding an answer with complete
               | confidence that is a major problem.
        
               | spogbiper wrote:
               | interesting. gemini 2.5 pro considered that it might be
               | "AutoCAD" but decided it was not:
               | 
               | "A specific user recollection of playing "Connect Four"
               | within a version of AutoCAD for DOS was investigated.
               | While this suggests the possibility of such a game
               | existing within that specific computer-aided design (CAD)
               | program, no widespread documentation or confirmation of
               | this feature as a standard component of AutoCAD could be
               | found. It is plausible that this was a result of a third-
               | party add-on, a custom AutoLISP routine (a scripting
               | language used in AutoCAD), or a misremembered detail."
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | In what world is that 'productivity software'?
               | 
               | Sure, it helps you do a job more productively, but that's
               | roughly all non-entertainment software. And sure, it
               | helps a user create documents, but, again, most non-
               | entertainment software.
               | 
               | Even in the age of AI, GIGO holds.
        
               | AnotherGoodName wrote:
               | Debatable but regardless you could reformulate the
               | question however you want and still won't get anything
               | other than hallucinations fwiw since there's no
               | references to this on the internet. You need to load up
               | autosketch 2.0 in a dos emulator and see it for yourself.
               | 
               | Amusingly i get an authoritative but incorrect "It's
               | autocad!" if i narrow down the question to program
               | commonly used by engineers that had connect four built
               | in.
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | "Productivity software" typically refers to any software
               | used for work rather than entertainment. It doesn't mean
               | software such as a todo list or organizer. Look up any
               | laptop review and you'll find they segment benchmarks
               | between gaming and "productivity". Just because you
               | personally haven't heard of it doesn't mean it's not a
               | widely used term.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity_software
               | 
               | > Productivity software (also called personal
               | productivity software or office productivity software) is
               | application software used for producing information (such
               | as documents, presentations, worksheets, databases,
               | charts, graphs, digital paintings, electronic music and
               | digital video). Its names arose from it increasing
               | productivity
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | I imagine asking for anything obscure where there's
               | plenty of noise can cause hallucinations. What Google
               | search provides the answer? If the answer isn't in the
               | training data, what do you expect? Do you ask people
               | obscure questions, and do you then feel better than them
               | when they guess wrong?
               | 
               | I just tried:                 What MS-DOS program
               | contains an easter-egg of an Amiga game?
               | 
               | And got some lovely answers from ChatGPT and Gemini.
               | 
               | Aside I personally would associate "productivity program"
               | with productivity suite (like MS Works) so I would have
               | trouble googling an answer (I started as a kid on Apple
               | ][ and have worked with computers ever since so my
               | ignorance is not age or skill related).
        
               | Nition wrote:
               | The good option would be for the LLM to say it doesn't
               | know. It's the making up answers that's the problem.
        
               | Applejinx wrote:
               | I wouldn't worry about losing examples. These things are
               | Mandela Effect personified. Anything that is generally
               | unknown and somewhat counterintuitive will be
               | Hallucination Central. It can't NOT be.
        
             | relaxing wrote:
             | If I can find something by Googling I wouldn't need an LLM
             | to know it.
        
               | dowager_dan99 wrote:
               | Any current question to an LLM is just a textual
               | interpretation of the search results though; the use the
               | same source of truth (or lies in many cases)
        
             | dowager_dan99 wrote:
             | It gave me two answers (one was Borland sidekick) which I
             | then asked "are you sure about that?" waffled and said
             | actually neither of those it's IBM Handshaker to which I
             | said "I don't think so, I think it's another productivity
             | program" and it replied on further review it's not IBM
             | Handshaker, there are no productivity programs that include
             | Connect Four. No wonder CTO like this shit so much, it's
             | the perfect bootlick.
        
             | overfeed wrote:
             | > I might be missing something obscure, but generally if I
             | can't find it by Googling I wouldn't expect an LLM to know
             | it.
             | 
             | The Google index is already polluted by LLM output, albeit
             | unevenly, depending on the subject. It's only going to
             | spread to all subjects as content farms go down the long
             | tail of profitability, eking profits; Googling won't help
             | because you'll almost always find a result that's wrong, as
             | will LLMs that resort to searching.
             | 
             | Don't get me started on Google's AI answers that assert
             | wrong information and launders fanfic/reddit/forum and
             | elevating all sources to the same level.
        
           | Bjartr wrote:
           | AIs make knowledge work more efficient.
           | 
           | Unfortunately that also includes citogenesis.
           | 
           | https://xkcd.com/978/
        
           | dwringer wrote:
           | When I asked, "Good afternoon! I'm trying to settle a bet
           | with a friend (no money on the line, just a friendly "bet"!)
           | Which MS DOS productivity program had a playable version of
           | the game Connect Four built in as an easter egg?", it went
           | into a very detailed explanation of how to get to the "Hall
           | of Tortured Souls" easter egg in Excel 5.0, glossing over the
           | fact that I said "MS DOS" and also conflating the easter eggs
           | by telling me specifically that the "excelkfa" cheat code
           | would open a secret door/bridge to the connect four game.
           | 
           | So, I retried with, "Good afternoon! I'm trying to settle a
           | bet with a friend (no money on the line, just a friendly
           | "bet"!) Which *MS DOS* [ _not_ Win95, i.e., Excel 5]
           | productivity program had a playable version of the game
           | Connect Four built in as an easter egg? ". I got Lotus 1-2-3
           | once, Excel 4 twice, and Borland Quattro Pro three different
           | times, all from that prompt.
           | 
           | The correct answer you point out in another subthread was
           | never returned as a possibility, and the responses all
           | definitely came across as confident. Definitely a fascinating
           | example.
        
           | MostlyStable wrote:
           | Claude 4 Sonnet gave the (reasonable given the obscurity, but
           | wrong) answer that there was no such easter egg:
           | 
           | >I'm not aware of any MS-DOS productivity program that had
           | Connect Four as a built-in easter egg. While MS-DOS era
           | software was famous for including various easter eggs (like
           | the flight simulator in Excel 97, though that was Windows-
           | era), I can't recall Connect Four specifically being hidden
           | in any major DOS productivity applications.
           | 
           | >The most well-known DOS productivity suites were things like
           | Lotus 1-2-3, WordPerfect, dBase, and later Microsoft Office
           | for DOS, but I don't have reliable information about Connect
           | Four being embedded in any of these.
           | 
           | >It's possible this is a case of misremembered details -
           | perhaps your friend is thinking of a different game, a
           | different era of software, or mixing up some details. Or
           | there might be an obscure productivity program I'm not
           | familiar with that did include this easter egg.
           | 
           | >Would you like me to search for more information about DOS-
           | era software easter eggs to see if we can track down what
           | your friend might be thinking of?
           | 
           | That seems like a pretty reasonable response given the
           | details, and included the appropriate caveat that the model
           | was not _aware_ of any such easter egg, and didn 't
           | confidently state that there was none.
        
             | nfriedly wrote:
             | Gemini 2.5 Flash me a similar answer, although it was a bit
             | more confident in it's incorrect answer:
             | 
             | > _You 're asking about an MS-DOS productivity program that
             | had ConnectFour built-in. I need to tell you that no
             | mainstream or well-known MS-DOS productivity program (like
             | a word processor, spreadsheet, database, or integrated
             | suite) ever had the game ConnectFour built directly into
             | it._
        
             | SlowTao wrote:
             | >It's possible this is a case of misremembered details -
             | perhaps your friend is thinking of a different game, a
             | different era of software, or mixing up some details. Or
             | there might be an obscure productivity program I'm not
             | familiar with that did include this easter egg.
             | 
             | I am not a fan of this kind of communication. It doesn't
             | know so try to deflect the short coming it onto the user.
             | 
             | Im not saying that isn't a valid concern, but it can be
             | used as an easy out of its gaps in knowledge.
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | > I am not a fan of this kind of communication. It
               | doesn't know so try to deflect the short coming it onto
               | the user.
               | 
               | This is a very human-like response when asked a question
               | that you think you know the answer to, but don't want to
               | accuse the asker of having an incorrect premise. State
               | what you think, then leave the door open to being wrong.
               | 
               | Whether or not you want this kind of communication from a
               | _machine_ , I'm less sure... but really, what's the
               | issue?
               | 
               | The problem of the incorrect premise happens all of the
               | time. Assuming the person asking the question is correct
               | 100% of the time isn't wise.
        
               | richardwhiuk wrote:
               | Humans use the phrase "I don't know.".
               | 
               | AI never does.
        
               | justsomehnguy wrote:
               | Because there is no "I don't know" in the training data.
               | Can you imagine a forum where in the response for a
               | question of some obscure easter egg there are hunddeds of
               | "I don't know"?
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | You gave one explanation, but the problem remains.
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | >I'm not aware of any MS-DOS productivity program...
               | 
               | >I don't know of any MS-DOS productivity programs...
               | 
               | I dunno, seems pretty similar to me.
               | 
               | And in a totally unreltaed query today, I got the
               | following response:
               | 
               | >That's a great question, but I don't have current
               | information...
               | 
               | Sounds a lot like "I don't know".
        
               | bigiain wrote:
               | >> And in a totally unreltaed query today, I got the
               | following response:
               | 
               | >That's a great question,
               | 
               | Found the LLM who's training corpus includes transcripts
               | of every motivational speaker and TED talk Q&A ever...
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | Yeah, I've been meaning to tweak my system prompt to try
               | and avoid some of that kind of language, but haven't
               | gotten around to it yet.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | > didn't confidently state that there was none
             | 
             | And better. Didn't confidently state something wrong.
        
           | bongodongobob wrote:
           | Wait until you meet humans on the Internet. Not only do they
           | make shit up, but they'll do it maliciously to trick you.
        
           | kbenson wrote:
           | So, like normal history just sped up exponentially to the
           | point it's noticeable in not just our own lifetime (which it
           | seemed to reach prior to AI), but maybe even within a couple
           | years.
           | 
           | I'd be a lot more worried about that if I didn't think we
           | were doing a pretty good job of obfuscating facts the last
           | few years ourselves without AI. :/
        
           | tough wrote:
           | probably chatgpt search function already finds this thread
           | soon to answer correctly, hn domain does well on seo and
           | shows up on search results soon enough
        
           | ziml77 wrote:
           | Whenever I ask these AI "Is the malloc function in the
           | Microsoft UCRT just a wrapper around HeapAlloc?", I get
           | answers that are always wrong.
           | 
           | They claim things like the function adds size tracking so
           | free doesn't need to be called with a size or they say that
           | HeapAlloc is used to grab a whole chunk of memory at once and
           | then malloc does its own memory management on top of that.
           | 
           | That's easy to prove wrong by popping ucrtbase.dll into
           | Binary Ninja. The only extra things it does beyond passing
           | the requested size off to HeapAlloc are: handle setting
           | errno, change any request for 0 bytes to requests for 1 byte,
           | and perform retries for the case that it is being used from
           | C++ and the program has installed a new-handler for out-of-
           | memory situations.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | There is an enormous amount of actual car repair experience
         | training data on YouTube but it's all copyrighted. Whether AI
         | companies should have to license that content before using it
         | for training is a matter of some dispute.
        
           | AnotherGoodName wrote:
           | >Whether AI companies should have to license that content
           | before using it for training is a matter of some dispute.
           | 
           | We definitely do not have the right balance of this right
           | now.
           | 
           | eg. I'm working on a set of articles that give a different
           | path to learning some key math knowledge (just comes at it
           | from a different point of view and is more intuitive).
           | Historically such blog posts have helped my career.
           | 
           | It's not ready for release anyway but i'm hesitant to release
           | my work in this day and age since AI can steal it and
           | regurgitate it to the point where my articles appear
           | unoriginal.
           | 
           | It's stifling. I'm of the opinion you shouldn't post art,
           | educational material, code or anything that you wish to be
           | credited for on the internet right now. Keep it to yourself
           | or else AI will just regurgitate it to someone without giving
           | you credit.
        
             | Legend2440 wrote:
             | The flip side is: knowledge is not (and should not be!)
             | copyrightable. Anyone can read your articles and use the
             | knowledge it contains, without paying or crediting you.
             | They may even rewrite that knowledge in their own words and
             | publish it in a textbook.
             | 
             | AI should be allowed to read repair manuals and use them to
             | fix cars. It should not be allowed to produce copies of the
             | repair manuals.
        
               | seadan83 wrote:
               | An AI does not know what "fix" means, let alone be able
               | to control anything that would physically fix the car.
               | So, for an AI to fix a car means to give instructions on
               | how to do that, in other words, reproduce pertinent parts
               | of the repair manual. One, Is this a fair framing? Two,
               | is this a distinction without a difference?
        
               | AnotherGoodName wrote:
               | Using the work of others with no credit given to them
               | would at the very least be considered a dick move.
               | 
               | AI is committing absolute dick moves non-stop.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Some people claim that the entire trillion dollar Apple
               | empire is based on using the work of Xerox PARC. Was that
               | a dick move? Perhaps, but at this point it hardly
               | matters.
        
               | throw10920 wrote:
               | > The flip side is: knowledge is not (and should not be!)
               | copyrightable.
               | 
               | Irrelevant. Books and media are not pure knowledge, and
               | those are what is being discussed here, not knowledge.
               | 
               | > Anyone can read your articles and use the knowledge it
               | contains, without paying or crediting you.
               | 
               | Completely irrelevant. AI are categorically different
               | than humans. This is not a valid comparison to make.
               | 
               | This is also a dishonest comparison, because there's a
               | difference between you voluntarily publishing an article
               | for free on the internet (which doesn't even mean that
               | you're giving consent to train on your content), and you
               | offering a paid book online that you have to purchase.
               | 
               | > AI should be allowed to read repair manuals and use
               | them to fix cars.
               | 
               | Yes, after the AI trainers have paid for the repair
               | manuals at the rate that the publishers demand, in
               | exactly the same way that _you_ have to pay for those
               | manuals before using them.
               | 
               | Of course, because AI can then leverage that knowledge at
               | a scale orders of magnitude greater than a human, the
               | cost should be orders of magnitude higher, too.
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | > which both (1. gives you an unlimited supply of
         | noncopyrighted training data and (2. handily sidesteps the
         | issue of AI-contaminated training data.
         | 
         | I think these are both basically somewhere between wrong and
         | misleading.
         | 
         | Needing to generate your own data through actual experience is
         | very expensive, and can mean that data acquisition now comes
         | with real operational risks. Waymo gets real world experience
         | operating its cars, but the "limit" on how much data you can
         | get per unit time depends on the size of the fleet, and
         | requires that you first get to a level of competence where it's
         | safe to operate in the real world.
         | 
         | If you want to repair cars, and you _don't_ start with some
         | source of knowledge other than on-policy roll-outs, then you
         | have to expect that you're going to learn by trashing a bunch
         | of cars (and still pay humans to tell the robot that it failed)
         | for some significant period.
         | 
         | There's a reason you want your mechanic to have access to
         | manuals, and have gone through some explicit training, rather
         | than just try stuff out and see what works, and those cost-
         | based reasons are true whether the mechanic is human or AI.
         | 
         | Perhaps you're using an off-policy RL approach -- great! If
         | your off-policy data is demonstrations from a prior generation
         | model, that's still AI-contaminated training data.
         | 
         | So even if you're trying to learn by doing, there are still
         | meaningful limits on the supply of training data (which may be
         | way more expensive to produce than scraping the web), and
         | likely still AI-contaminated (though perhaps with better info
         | on the data's provenance?).
        
         | bravesoul2 wrote:
         | Long-run you want AGI then? Once we get AGI, the spam will be
         | good?
         | 
         | https://xkcd.com/810/
        
       | swyx wrote:
       | i put together a brief catalog of AI pollution of the web the
       | last time this topic came up:
       | https://www.latent.space/i/139368545/the-concept-of-low-back...
       | 
       | i do have to say outside of twitter i dont personally see it all
       | that much. but the normies do seem to encounter it and 1) either
       | are fine? 2) oblivious? and perhaps SOME non-human-origin noise
       | is harmless.
       | 
       | (plenty of humans are pure noise, too, dont forget)
        
       | koolba wrote:
       | I feel oddly prescient today:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44217676
        
         | glenstein wrote:
         | Nicely done! I think I've heard of this framing before, of
         | considering content to be free from AI "contamination." I
         | believe that idea has been out there in the ether.
         | 
         | But I think the suitability of low background steel as an
         | analogy is something you can comfortably claim as a successful
         | called shot.
        
         | saberience wrote:
         | I heard this example made at least a year ago on hackernews,
         | probably longer ago too.
         | 
         | See (2 years ago):
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34085194
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | I really think you're wrong.
         | 
         | The processes we use to annotate content and synthetic data
         | will turn AI outputs into a gradient that makes future outputs
         | better, not worse.
         | 
         | It might not be as obvious with LLM outputs, but it should be
         | super obvious with image and video models. As we select the
         | best visual outputs of systems, slight errors introduced and
         | taste-based curation will steer the systems to better
         | performance and more generality.
         | 
         | It's no different than genetics and biology adapting to every
         | ecological niche if you think of the genome as a synthetic
         | machine and physics as a stochastic gradient. We're speed
         | running the same thing here.
        
           | stevenhuang wrote:
           | I agree with you.
           | 
           | I voiced this same view previously here
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44012268
           | 
           | If something looks like ai, and if LLMs are that great at
           | identifying patterns, who's to say this won't itself become a
           | signal LLMs start to pickup on and improve through?
        
         | zargon wrote:
         | This has been a common metaphor since the launch of ChatGPT.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Love the concept (and the historical story is neat too).
       | 
       | Came up a month or so ago on discussion about _Wikipedia:
       | Database Download_
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43811732). I missed that it
       | was jgrahamc behind the site. Great stuff.
        
       | aunty_helen wrote:
       | Any user profile created pre-2022 is low background steel. I'm
       | now finding myself check date created when it seems like the user
       | is outputting low quality content. Much to my dismay, I'm often
       | wrong.
        
       | yodon wrote:
       | Anyone who thinks their reading skills are a reliable detector of
       | AI-generated content is either lying to themselves about the
       | validity of their detector or missing the opportunity to print
       | money by selling it.
       | 
       | I strongly suspect more people are in the first category than the
       | second.
        
         | uludag wrote:
         | 1) If someone had the reading skills to detect AI generated
         | content wouldn't that technically be something very hard to
         | monetize? It's not like said person could clone themselves or
         | mass produce said skill.
         | 
         | Also, for a large number of AI generated images and text
         | (especially low-effort), even basic reading/perception skills
         | can detect AI content. I would agree though that people can't
         | reliably discern high-effort AI generated works, especially if
         | a human was involved to polish it up.
         | 
         | 2) True--human "detectors" are mostly just gut feelings dressed
         | up as certainty. And as AI improves, those feelings get less
         | reliable. The real issue isn't that people can detect AI, but
         | that they're overconfident when they think they can.
         | 
         | One of the above was generated by ChatGPT to reply to your
         | comment. The other was written by me.
        
           | suddenlybananas wrote:
           | It's so obvious that I almost wonder if you made a parody of
           | AI writing on purpose.
        
       | sorokod wrote:
       | Elsewhere I proposed a "100% organic data" label for
       | uncontaminated content. Should have a "100% organic data" logo
       | too.
        
         | warkdarrior wrote:
         | Maybe a "Data hallucinated from humans only" label would be
         | better.
        
           | sorokod wrote:
           | Don't think so - too long and states the obvious.
        
       | ACCount36 wrote:
       | Currently, there is no reason to believe that "AI contamination"
       | is a practical issue for AI training runs.
       | 
       | AIs trained on public scraped data that predates 2022 don't
       | noticeably outperform those trained on scraped data from 2022
       | onwards. Hell, in some cases, newer scrapes perform slightly
       | better, token for token, for unknown reasons.
        
         | demosthanos wrote:
         | > AIs trained on public scraped data that predates 2022 don't
         | noticeably outperform those trained on scraped data from 2022
         | onwards. Hell, in some cases, newer scrapes perform slightly
         | better, token for token, for unknown reasons.
         | 
         | This is really bad reasoning for a few reasons:
         | 
         | 1) We've gotten much _better_ at training LLMs since 2022. The
         | negative impacts of AI slop in the training data certainly don
         | 't outweigh the benefits of orders of magnitude more parameters
         | and better training techniques, but that doesn't mean they have
         | no negative impact.
         | 
         | 2) "Outperform" is a very loose term and we still have no real
         | good answer for measuring it meaningfully. We can all tell that
         | Gemini 2.5 outperforms GPT-4o. What's trickier is
         | distinguishing between Gemini 2.5 and Claude 4. The expected
         | effect size of slop at this stage would be on that _smaller_
         | scale of differences between same-gen models.
         | 
         | Given that we're looking for a small enough effect size that we
         | know we're going to have a hard time proving anything with
         | data, I think it's reasonable to operate from first principles
         | in this case. First principles say very clearly that avoiding
         | training on AI-generated content is a good idea.
        
           | ACCount36 wrote:
           | No, I mean "model" AIs, created explicitly for dataset
           | testing purposes.
           | 
           | You take small AIs, of the same size and architecture, and
           | with the same pretraining dataset size. Pretrain some solely
           | on skims from "2019 only", "2020 only", "2021 only" scraped
           | datasets. The others on skims from "2023 only", "2024 only".
           | Then you run RLHF, and then test the resulting AIs on
           | benchmarks.
           | 
           | The latter AIs tend to perform _slightly better_. It 's a
           | small but noticeable effect. Plenty of hypothesis on why,
           | none confirmed outright.
           | 
           | You're right that performance of frontier AIs keeps
           | improving, which is a weak strike against the idea of AI
           | contamination hurting AI training runs. Like-for-like testing
           | is a strong strike.
        
             | HanayamaTriplet wrote:
             | I can understand that years before ChatGPT would not have
             | any LLM-generated text, but how much does the year actually
             | correlate with how much LLM text is in the dataset?
             | Wouldn't special-purpose datasets with varying ratios of
             | human and LLM text be better for testing effects of "AI
             | contamination"?
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | Yeah, the thinking behind "low background steel" concept is
         | that AI training on synthetic data could lead into a "model
         | collapse" that render the AIs anyhow completely mad and
         | useless. That either didn't happen, or all the AI companies
         | internally holds a working filter to sieve out AI data. I'd bet
         | on the former. I still think there might be chances of model
         | collapse happening to _humans_ after too much exposure to AI
         | generated data, but that 's just my anecdotal observations and
         | gut feelings.
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | I don't think people have really got started on generating
         | slop, I expect it to increase by a lot.
        
       | vunderba wrote:
       | Was the choice to go with a very obviously AI generated image for
       | the banner intentional? If I had to guess it almost looks like
       | DALL-E version 2.
        
         | blululu wrote:
         | Gratuitous AI slop is really not a good look. tai;dr is
         | becoming my default response to this kind of thing. I want to
         | hear someone's thoughts, not an llm's compression artifacts.
        
           | juancroldan wrote:
           | Love that term and gonna adopt it! My default tai;dr response
           | to colleagues is asking AI to write a response for me, and
           | paste it back without reading
        
       | nialv7 wrote:
       | Does this analogy work? It's exceedingly hard to make new low-
       | background steels, since those radioactive particles are
       | everywhere. But it's not difficult to make AI-free content - well
       | just don't use AI to write it.
        
         | absurdo wrote:
         | Clickbait title that's all.
        
         | lurk2 wrote:
         | Who is going to generate this AI-free content, for what reason,
         | and with what money?
        
           | arjie wrote:
           | People do. I do, for instance. My blog is self-hosted,
           | entirely human-written, and it is done for the sake of
           | enjoyment. It doesn't cost much to host. An entirely static
           | site generator would actually be free, but I don't mind
           | paying the 55C//kWh and the $60/month ISP fee to host it.
        
             | wahern wrote:
             | That only begs the question of how to verify what content
             | is AI-free. Was this comment generated by a human? IIRC,
             | one of the big AI startups (OpenAI?) used HN as a proving
             | ground--a sort of Turning Test platform--for years.
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | I make all my YouTube videos and for that matter, everything
           | I do AI free. I hate AI.
        
             | lurk2 wrote:
             | Once your video is out in the wild there's as of yet no
             | reliable way to discern whether it was AI-generated or not.
             | All content posted to public forums will have this problem.
             | 
             | Training future models without experiencing signal collapse
             | will thus require either 1) paying for novel content to be
             | generated (they will never do this as they aren't even
             | licensing the content they are currently training on), 2)
             | using something like mTurk to identify AI content in data
             | sets prior to training (probably won't scale), or 3) going
             | after private sources of data via automated infiltration of
             | private forums such as Discord servers, WhatsApp groups,
             | and eventually private conversations.
        
               | vouaobrasil wrote:
               | There is the web of trust. If you really trust a person
               | to say that their stuff isn't AI, then that's probably
               | the most reliable way of knowing. For example, I have a
               | few friends and I know their stuff isn't AI edited
               | because they hate it too. Of course, there is no 100%
               | certainty but it's as certain as knowing that they're
               | your friend at least.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | But the question is about whether or not AI can continue
               | to be trained on these datasets. How are scrapers going
               | to quantify trust?
               | 
               | E: Never mind, I didn't read the OP. I had assumed it was
               | to do with identifying sources of uncontaminated content
               | for the purposes of training models.
        
         | nwbt wrote:
         | It is, even if not impossible, entirely impracticable to prove
         | any work is AI free. So no one but you can be sure.
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | Wouldn't actually curated content be still better? That is
       | content were say lot of blogspam and and other content
       | potentially generated by certain groups was removed? As I
       | distinctly remember that lot of content even before AIs was very
       | poor quality.
       | 
       | On other hand, lot of poor quality content could still be
       | factually valid enough not just well edited or formatted.
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | This site is literally named for the Y combinator! Module some
       | philosophical hand waving, if there's one thing we ought to
       | demand of our inference models it's the ability to find the fixed
       | point of a function that takes content and outputs content, then
       | consumes that same content!
       | 
       | I too am optimistic that recursive training on data that is a
       | mixture of both original human content and content derived from
       | original content, and content derived from content derived from
       | original human content, ...ad nauseam, will be able to extract
       | the salient features and patterns of the underlying system.
        
       | mclau157 wrote:
       | is this not just www.archive.org ?
        
       | K0balt wrote:
       | Ai generated content is inherently a regression to the mean and
       | harms both training and human utility. There is no benefit in
       | publishing anything that an AI can generate, just ask the
       | question yourself. Maybe publish all AI content with <AI
       | generated content> tags, but other than that it is a public
       | nuisance much more often than a public good.
        
         | SamPatt wrote:
         | Nonsense. Have you used any of the deep research tools?
         | 
         | Don't fall for the utopia fallacy. Humans also publish junk.
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | Yes, but GP's idea of segregating AI-generated content is
           | worth considering.
           | 
           | If you're training an AI, do you want it to get trained on
           | other AIs' output? That might be interesting actually, but I
           | think you might then want to have both, an AI trained on
           | everything, and another trained on everything except other
           | AIs' output. So perhaps an HTML tag for indicating "this is
           | AI-generated" might be a good idea.
        
             | IncreasePosts wrote:
             | Shouldn't there be enough training content from the pre-ai
             | era that the system itself can determine whether content is
             | AI generated, or if it matters?
        
               | Infinity315 wrote:
               | Just ask any person who works in teaching or any of the
               | numerous faulty AI detectors (they're all faulty).
               | 
               | Any current technology which can used to accurately
               | detect pre-AI content would necessarily imply that that
               | same technology could be used to train an AI to generate
               | content that could skirt by the AI detector. Sure, there
               | is going to be a lag time, but eventually we will run out
               | of non-AI content.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | No, that's the problem. Pre-AI era content a) is often
               | not dated, so not identifiable as such, and b) also gets
               | out of date. What was thought to be true 20 years ago
               | might not be thought to be true today. Search for the
               | "half-life of facts".
        
             | RandomBK wrote:
             | My 2c is that it _is_ worthwhile to train on AI generated
             | content that has obtained some level of human approval or
             | interest, as a form of extended RLHF loop.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | Ok, but how do you denote that approval? What if you
               | partially approve of that content? ("Overall this is
               | correct, but this little nugget is hallucinated.")
        
               | bongodongobob wrote:
               | It apparently doesn't matter unless you somehow consider
               | the entire Internet to be correct. They didn't only feed
               | LLMs correct info. It all just got shoveled in and here
               | we are.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | Sure, humans also hallucinate.
        
             | thephyber wrote:
             | I can see the value of labeling _all_ AI can be trained on
             | purely non-AI generated content.
             | 
             | But I don't think that's a reasonable goal. Pragmatic
             | example: There's almost no optional HTML tags or optional
             | HTTP Headers which are used anywhere close to 100% of the
             | times they apply.
             | 
             | Also, I think field is already muddy, even before the game
             | starts. Spell checker, grammar.ly, and translation all had
             | AI contributions and likely affect most of human-generated
             | text on the internet. The heuristic of "one drop of AI" is
             | not useful. And any heuristic more complicated than "one
             | drop" introduces too much subjective complexity for a
             | Boolean data type.
        
           | cobbzilla wrote:
           | Steel-man angle: A desire for data provenance is a good thing
           | with benefits that are independent of utopias/humans vs
           | machines kinds of questions.
           | 
           | But, all provenance systems are gamed. I predict the most
           | reliable methods will be cumbersome and not widespread, thus
           | covering little actual content. The easily-gamed systems will
           | be in widespread use, embedded in social media apps, etc.
           | 
           | Questions: 1. Does there exist a data provenance system that
           | is both easy to use and reliable "enough" (for some
           | sufficient definition of "enough")? Can we do bcrypt-style
           | more-bits=more-security and trade time for security?
           | 
           | 2. Is there enough of an incentive for the major tech
           | companies to push adoption of such a system? How could this
           | play out?
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | The observation that humans poop is not sufficient
           | justification for spending millions of dollars building an
           | automated firehose that pumps a torrent of shit onto the
           | public square.
        
             | SamPatt wrote:
             | People are paying millions for access to the models. They
             | are getting value from them or wouldn't be paying.
             | 
             | It's just not accurate to say they only produce shit. Their
             | rapid adoption demonstrates otherwise.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | >Humans also publish junk
               | 
               | They also consume it.
        
               | sensanaty wrote:
               | From my experience the people spending "millions" are
               | hoping they get those millions * 10 back because a buddy
               | of theirs told them "this AI thing" is going to replace
               | the most expensive part of companies, the staff costs,
               | not because they think the product is any good. We're
               | getting AI forced down our throat because VC is throwing
               | cash in like there's no tomorrow, not because of whatever
               | value might or might not be there.
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | I make no claim to the overall value of LLMs. I'm just
               | pointing out that your analogy is a fallacy. The fact
               | that group A does a small bad thing is not a
               | justification for allowing group B to do a large bad
               | thing. That is true regardless of whether group B does
               | there non-bad things.
               | 
               | It may be the case that the non-bad things B does
               | outweigh the bad things. _That_ would be an argument in
               | favor of B. The another group doing bad things has no
               | bearing on the justification for B itself.
        
           | krapht wrote:
           | Yes, and deep research was junk for the hard topics that I
           | actually needed to sit down and research. Anything shallower
           | I can usually reach by search engine use and scan; deep
           | research saves me about 15-30 minutes for well-covered
           | topics.
           | 
           | For the hard topics, the solution is still the same as pre-AI
           | - search for popular survey papers, then start crawling
           | through the citation network and keeping notes. The LLM
           | output had no idea of what was actually impactful vs what was
           | a junk paper in the niche topic I was interested in so I had
           | no other alternative than quality time with Google Scholar.
           | 
           | We are a long way from deep research even approaching a well-
           | written survey paper written by grad student sweat and tears.
        
             | SamPatt wrote:
             | Not everything is hard topics though.
             | 
             | I've found getting a personalized report for the basic
             | stuff is incredibly useful. Maybe you're a world class
             | researcher if it only saves you 15-30 minutes, I'm positive
             | it has saved me many hours.
             | 
             | Grad students aren't an inexhaustible resource. Getting a
             | report that's 80% as good in a few minutes for a few
             | dollars is worth it for me.
        
             | triceratops wrote:
             | > deep research saves me about 15-30 minutes for well-
             | covered topics.
             | 
             | Most people are capable of maybe 4 good hours a day of deep
             | knowledge work. Saving 30 minutes is a lot.
        
         | gojomo wrote:
         | This was an intuitively-appealing belief, even with some
         | qualified experimental support, as of a few years ago.
         | 
         | However, since then, a bunch of capability breakthroughs from
         | (well-curated) AI generations has definitively disproven it.
        
           | DennisP wrote:
           | AI generates useful stuff, but unless it took a lot of
           | complicated prompting, it's still true that you could "just
           | ask the question yourself."
           | 
           | This will change as contexts get longer and people start
           | feeding large stacks of books and papers into their prompts.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | > you could "just ask the question yourself."
             | 
             | Just like googling, AIing is a skill. You have to know how
             | to evaluate and judge AI responses. Even how to ask the
             | right questions.
             | 
             | Especially asking the right questions is harder than people
             | realize. You see this difference in human managers where
             | some are able to get good results and others aren't, even
             | when given the same underlying team.
        
               | multjoy wrote:
               | If you don't know the answers, how can you judge the
               | machine output?
        
               | aydyn wrote:
               | A lot of inquiries are like hash functions. Hard to find,
               | easy to verify.
        
               | multjoy wrote:
               | "Siri, show me an example of overconfidence"
        
             | gojomo wrote:
             | No, new more-capable and/or efficient models have been
             | forged using bulk outputs of other models as training data.
             | 
             | These inproved models do some valuable things better &
             | cheaper than the models, or ensembles of models, that
             | generated their training data. So you could not "just ask"
             | the upstream models. The benefits emerge from further bulk
             | training on well-selected synthetic data from the upstream
             | models.
             | 
             | Yes, it's counterintuitive! That's why it's worth paying
             | attention to, & describing accurately, rather than
             | remaining stuck repeating obsolete folk misunderstandings.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | That's a process that's internal to companies doing
               | training. It has nothing to do with publishing outputs on
               | the internet.
        
           | wahern wrote:
           | > a bunch of capability breakthroughs from (well-curated) AI
           | generations has definitively disproven it.
           | 
           | How much work is "well-curated" doing in that statement?
        
             | gojomo wrote:
             | Less than you might think! Some of the frontier-advancing
             | training-on-model-outputs ('synthetic data') work just uses
             | _other_ models  & automated-checkers to select suitable
             | prompts and desirable subsets of generations.
             | 
             | I find it (very) vaguely like how a person can improve at a
             | sport or an instrument without an expert guiding them
             | through _every_ step up, just by drilling certain behaviors
             | in an adequately-proper way. Training on synthetic data
             | somehow seems to extract a similar iterative improvement in
             | certain directions, _without_ requiring any more natural
             | data. It 's somehow succeeding in using more compute to
             | refine yet more value from the original non-synthetic-
             | training-data's entropy.
        
               | Marazan wrote:
               | "adequately-proper way" is doing an incredible amount of
               | heavy lifting in that sentence.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | Yes, but: for humans, even without an expert-over-the-
               | shoulder providing fresh feedback, drilling/practice
               | works - with the right caveats.
               | 
               | And, counter to much intuition & forum folklore, it works
               | for AI models, too - with analogous caveats.
        
           | nicbou wrote:
           | How will AI write about a world it never experiences? By
           | training on the work of human beings.
        
             | gojomo wrote:
             | The training sets can already include direct data series
             | about the world, where the "work of human beings" is just
             | setting up the the collection devices. So models can
             | absolutely "experience the world".
             | 
             | But I'm not suggesting they'll advance much, in the near
             | term, without _any_ human-authored training data.
             | 
             | I'm just pointing out the cold hard fact that lots of
             | recent breakthroughs came via training on synthetic data -
             | text prompted by, generated by, & selected by other AI
             | models.
             | 
             | That practice has now generated a bunch of notable wins in
             | model capabilities - contra the upthread post's sweeping &
             | confident wrongness alleging "Ai generated content is
             | inherently a regression to the mean and harms both training
             | and human utility".
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | > data series about the world, where the "work of human
               | beings" is just setting up the the collection devices. So
               | models can absolutely "experience the world"
               | 
               | But not experience it the way humans do.
               | 
               | We don't experience a data series; we experience sensory
               | input in a complicated, nuanced way, modified by prior
               | experiences and emotions, etc. remember that qualia is
               | subjective, with a biological underpinning.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | Perhaps. But these models can already clearly write about
               | the world, in useful ways, without such 'qualia' or
               | 'biological underpinnings'.
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | Sure, and there are many such writings that can be
               | useful. No denying. But the LLM cannot experience like
               | humans do and so will forever be outside our circle.
               | Whether it also remains outside our circle of empathy, or
               | us outside of its, remains to be discovered.
        
               | nicbou wrote:
               | > models can absolutely "experience the world"
               | 
               | How does the banana bread taste at the cafe around the
               | corner? What's the vibe like there? Is it a good place
               | for people-watching?
               | 
               | What's the typical processing time for a family reunion
               | visa in Berlin? What are the odds your case worker will
               | speak English? Do they still accept English-language
               | documents or do they require a certified translation?
               | 
               | Is the Uzbek-Tajik border crossing still closed? Do
               | foreigners need to go all the way to the northern
               | crossing? Is the Pamir highway doable on a bicycle? How
               | does bribery typically work there? Are people nice?
               | 
               | The world is so much more than the data you have about
               | it.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | Of course, training on synthetic data can't do
               | everything! My main point is: it's been doing a bunch of
               | surprisingly-beneficial things, contra the obsolete
               | beliefs about model-output-worthlessness (or
               | deleteriousness!) for further training to which I was
               | initially responding.
               | 
               | But also: with regard to claims about what models "can't
               | experience", such claims are pretty contingent on
               | transient conditions, and expiring fast.
               | 
               | To your examples: despite their variety, most if not all
               | could soon have useful answers answers collected by
               | largely-automated processes.
               | 
               | People will comment publicly about the "vibe" & "people-
               | watching" - or it'll be estimable from their shared
               | photos. (Or even: personally-archived life-stream data.)
               | People will describe the banana bread taste to each
               | other, in ways that may also be shared with AI models.
               | 
               | Official info on policies, processing time, and staffing
               | may already be public records with required availability;
               | recent revisions & practical variances will often be a
               | matter of public discussion.
               | 
               | To the extent all your examples are questions expressed
               | in natural-language text, they will quite often be asked,
               | and answered, in places where third parties - humans and
               | AI models - can learn the answers.
               | 
               | Wearable devices, too, will keep shrinking the gap
               | between things any human is able to see/hear (and maybe
               | even feel/taste/smell) and that which will be logged
               | digitally for wider consultation.
        
               | multjoy wrote:
               | You've used an LLM to write that, haven't you.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | No - and you can compare the style & written tics for
               | continuity with my 18y of posts here.
               | 
               | I used 'delving' in an HN comment more than a decade
               | before LLMs became a thing!
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1278663
        
           | K0balt wrote:
           | I didn't mean to imply that -no- ai generated content is
           | useful, only that the vast, vast majority is pollution. The
           | problem is that it is so cheap to produce garbage content
           | with AI that writing actual content is disincentivized, and
           | doing web searches has become an exercise is sifting through
           | AI generated slop.
           | 
           | That at least will add extra work to filter usable training
           | data, and costs users minutes a day wading through the
           | refuse.
        
         | jbc1 wrote:
         | If I ask the question myself then there's no step where a human
         | expert has vetted the content and put their name on it. That
         | curation and vouching is of value.
         | 
         | Now your mind might have immediately went "pffff as if they're
         | doing that" and I agree but only to the extent that it largely
         | wasn't happening prior to AI anyway. The vast majority of
         | internet content was already low quality and rushed out by low
         | paid writers who lacked expertise in what they were writing
         | about. AI doesn't change that.
        
           | flir wrote:
           | Completely agree. We are used to thinking of authorship as
           | the critical step. We're going to have to adjust to thinking
           | of publication as the critical step. In an ideal world,
           | publication of a piece would be seen as vouching for that
           | piece. Putting your reputation on the line.
           | 
           | I wonder if we'll see a resurgence in reputation systems
           | (probably not).
        
             | tehjoker wrote:
             | This is basically already how publications work.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | What about AI modified or copy edited content?
         | 
         | I write blog posts now by dictating into voice notes,
         | transcribing it, and giving it to CGPT or Claude to work on the
         | tone and rhythm.
        
           | theamk wrote:
           | So IMHO an right thing is to add "AI rewritten" label to your
           | blog.
           | 
           | hm.. I wonder where this kind of label should live? For a
           | personal blog, putting it on every post seems redundant, as
           | if author uses it, it's likely they use it for all posts. And
           | many blogs don't have dedicated "about this blog" section.
           | 
           | I wonder if things will end up like organic food labeling or
           | "made in .." labels. Some blogs might say "100% by human",
           | some might say "Designed by human, made by AI" and some might
           | just say nothing.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | AI is just an inanimate tool.
             | 
             | Do I need to disclose that I used a keyboard to write it,
             | too?
             | 
             | The stuff I edit with AI is 100% made by a human - me.
        
               | theamk wrote:
               | In context of writing text, keyboard and text editor are
               | inanimate tools because they cannot introduce text user
               | did not come up with.
               | 
               | Spellcheck and autocorrect can come up with new words,
               | and so is often anthropomorphized, it's not 100%
               | "inanimate tool" anymore.
               | 
               | AI can form its own sentences and come up with its own
               | facts for a much greater degree, so I would not call it
               | "inanimate tool" at all (again, in context of writing
               | text). It is much closer to editor-for-hire or
               | copywriter-for-hire, and I think it should be treated the
               | same as far as attribution goes.
               | 
               | hm.. looks like I am convincing myself into your point :)
               | After all, if another human edits/proofreads my posts
               | before publish, I don't need to disclose that on my
               | post... So why should AI's editing be different?
        
         | px1999 wrote:
         | Following this logic, why write anything at all? Shakespeare's
         | sonnets are arrangements of existing words that were possible
         | before he wrote them. Every mathematical proof, novel, piece of
         | journalism is simply a configuration of symbols that existed in
         | the space of all possible configurations. The fact that
         | something _could_ be generated doesn 't negate its value when
         | it _is_ generated for a specific purpose, context, and
         | audience.
        
           | pickledoyster wrote:
           | > William Shakespeare is credited with the invention or
           | introduction of over 1,700 words that are still used in
           | English today
           | 
           | https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore-
           | shakespeare/shakesped...
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | He invented 'undress'? Like he invented 'undo' or 'unwell'?
             | Come on, that's silly.
        
               | dspillett wrote:
               | Invented might be a bit strong, but he is certainly the
               | first written record of the word. Dress existed as a verb
               | already, as did the generic reversing "un", but before
               | Shakespeare there is no evidence that they were used this
               | way. Prior to that other words/phrases, which probably
               | still exist in use today, were used instead. Perhaps
               | "disrobe" though the OED lists the first reference to
               | that as only a decade before Taming Of The Shrew (the
               | first written use of undress) was published, so there are
               | presumably other options that were in common use before
               | both.
               | 
               | It is definitely valid to say he popularised the use of
               | the word, which may have been being used informally in
               | small pockets for some time before.
        
           | K0balt wrote:
           | Following that logic, we should publish all unique random
           | orderings of words. I think there is a book about a library
           | like that, but it is a great read and is not a regression to
           | the mean of ideas.
           | 
           | Writing worth reading as a non-child surprises, challenges,
           | teaches, and inspires. LLM writing tends towards the least
           | surprising, worn out tropes that challenge only the patience
           | and attention of the reader. The eager learner, however will
           | tolerate that , so I suppose that I'll give them teaching.
           | They are great at children's stories, where the goal is to
           | rehearse and introduce tropes and moral lessons with
           | archetypes, effectively teaching the listener the language of
           | story.
           | 
           | FWIW I am not particularly a critic of AI and am engaged in
           | AI related projects. I am quite sure that the breakthrough
           | with transformer architecture will lead to the third
           | industrial revolution, for better or for worse.
           | 
           | But there are some things we shouldn't be using LLMs for.
        
       | Crontab wrote:
       | Off topic:
       | 
       | When I see a JGC link on Hacker News I can't help but remember
       | using PopFile on an old PowerMac - back when Bayesian spam
       | filters were becoming popular. It seems so long ago but it feels
       | like yesterday.
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | Thanks for being a POPFile user back then! The site is still
         | alive if you need some nostalgia in your life:
         | https://getpopfile.org/docs/welcome
        
       | jeffchuber wrote:
       | https://x.com/jeffreyhuber/status/1732069197847687658
        
       | carlosjobim wrote:
       | The shadow libraries are the largest and highest quality source
       | of human knowledge, larger than the Internet in scope and actual
       | content.
       | 
       | It is also uncontaminated by AI.
        
         | klysm wrote:
         | Soon this will be contaminated as well unfortunately
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | Why? There is no incentive for pirates to put themselves at
           | legal risk for AI generated books which have no value.
           | 
           | And I also expect the torrents to continue to be separated by
           | year and source.
           | 
           | Compare to video files. Nobody is pirating AI slop from
           | YouTube even though it's been around for years.
        
       | gojomo wrote:
       | Look, we just need to add some new 'planes' to Unicode - that
       | mirror all communicatively-useful characters, but with extra
       | state bits for...
       | 
       |  _guaranteed human output_ - anyone who emits text in these
       | ranges that was AI generated, rather than artisanally human-
       | composed, goes straight to jail.
       | 
       |  _for human eyes only_ - anyone who lets any AI train on, or even
       | consider, any text in these ranges goes straight to jail. Fnord,
       | "that doesn't look like anything to me".
       | 
       |  _admittedly AI generated_ - all AI output must use these ranges
       | as disclosure, or - you guessed it - those pretending otherwise
       | go straight to jail.
       | 
       | Of course, all the ranges generate visually-indistinguishable
       | homoglyphs, so it's a strictly-software-mediated quasi-covert
       | channel for fair disclosure.
       | 
       | When you cut & paste text from various sources, the provenance
       | comes with it via the subtle character encoding differences.
       | 
       | I am only (1 - epsilon) joking.
        
         | io84 wrote:
         | Just like with food: there will be a market value in content
         | that is entirely "organic" (or in some languages "biological").
         | I.e. written, drawn, composed, edited, and curated by humans.
         | 
         | Just like with food: defining the boundaries of what's allowed
         | will be a nightmare, it will be impossible to prove content is
         | organic, certifying it will be based entirely on networks of
         | trust, it will be utterly contaminated by the thing it
         | professes to be clean of, and it may even be demonstrably worse
         | while still commanding a higher price point.
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | The entire world operates on trust of some form. Often people
           | are acting in good faith. But regulation matters too.
           | 
           | If you don't go after offenders then you create a lemon
           | markets. Most customers/people can't tell, so they operate on
           | what they can. That doesn't mean they don't want the other
           | things, it means they can't signal what they want. It is
           | about available information, that's what causes lemon
           | markets, information asymmetry.
           | 
           | It's also just a good thing to remember since we're in tech
           | and most people aren't tech literate. Makes it hard to
           | determine what "our customers" want
        
             | eru wrote:
             | > If you don't go after offenders then you create a lemon
             | markets.
             | 
             | Btw, private markets are perfectly capable of handling
             | 'markets for lemons'. There might be good excuses for
             | introducing regulation, but markets for lemons ain't.
             | 
             | As a little thought exercise, you can take two minutes and
             | come up with some ways businesses can 'fix' markets for
             | lemons and make a profit in the meantime. How many can you
             | find? How many can you find already implemented somewhere?
        
               | short_sells_poo wrote:
               | Well throw us bone! Can you cite robust examples where
               | private markets deal with this gracefully? Because I
               | can't.
               | 
               | An informational asymmetry that is beneficial to the
               | businesses will heavily incentivise the businesses to
               | maintain status quo. It's clear that they will actively
               | fight against empowering the consumer.
               | 
               | The consumer has little to no power to force a change
               | outside of regulation, since individually each consumer
               | has asymptotically zero ability to influence the market.
               | They want the goods, but they have no ability to make an
               | informed decision. They can't go anywhere else. What
               | mechanism would force this market to self correct?
        
           | bitmasher9 wrote:
           | I do wonder what would be an acceptable level of guarantee to
           | trigger a "human written" bit.
           | 
           | I actually think a video of someone typing the content, along
           | with the screen the content is appearing on, would be an
           | acceptably high bar at this present moment. I don't think it
           | would be hard to fake, but I think it would very rarely be
           | worth the cost of faking it.
           | 
           | I think this bar would be good for about 60 days, before
           | someone trains a model that generates authentication videos
           | for incredibly cheap and sells access to it.
        
             | kijin wrote:
             | Pen on paper, written without consulting any digital
             | display. Just like exams used to be, before the pandemic.
             | 
             | Of course, the output will be no more valuable to the
             | society at large than what a random student writes in their
             | final exam.
        
               | io84 wrote:
               | Interesting...thinking this through: For text and ideas
               | the information size is often small enough to fit in
               | human memory, and thus containing this is already
               | unsolvable! I can ask the LLM to compose the text of a
               | pitch and then film myself writing it out. Nothing you
               | can do will prove the provenance of those bits was not
               | from the AI.
               | 
               | So I think the premium product becomes in-person
               | interaction, where the buyer is present for the genesis
               | of the content (e.g. in dialogue).
               | 
               | Image/video/music might have more scalable forms of
               | organic "product". E.g. a high-trust chain of custody
               | from recording device to screen.
        
           | short_sells_poo wrote:
           | Fully in agreement with you. There'll be ultimately two
           | groups of consumers of "organic" content:
           | 
           | 1. Those who just want to tick a checkbox will buy mass
           | produced "organic" content. AI slop that had some woefully
           | underpaid intern in a sweatshop add a bit of human touch.
           | 
           | 2. People who don't care about virtue signalling but
           | genuinely want good quality will use their network of trust
           | to find and stick to specific creators. E.g. I'd go to the
           | local farmer I trust and buy seasonal produce from them. I
           | can have a friendly chat with them while shopping, they give
           | me honest opinions on what to buy (e.g. this year was great
           | for strawberries!). The stuff they sell on the farm does not
           | have to go through the arcane processes and certifications to
           | be labelled organic, but I've known the farmer for years, I
           | know that they make an effort to minimize pesticide use, they
           | treat their animals with care and respect and the stuff they
           | sell on the farm is as fresh as it can be, and they don't get
           | all their profits scalped by middlemen and huge grocery
           | chains.
        
             | io84 wrote:
             | You're capturing nicely how the relationship with the
             | farmer is an essential part of the "product" you buy when
             | you buy high-end organic. I think that will continue to be
             | true in culture/info markets.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | I have long thought that we should extend the plain text format
         | to allow putting provenance metadata into substrings in the
         | file.
         | 
         | This is that, but a different implementation. Plain text is
         | like two conductor cables; it's so useful and cost effective
         | but the moment you add a single abstraction layer above it (a
         | data pin) you can do _so much_ more cool stuff.
        
           | crubier wrote:
           | That would be an evolution of HTML. Plain text is just plain
           | text by definition, it can't include markup and annotations
           | etc.
        
         | andrewflnr wrote:
         | It would be much less disruptive to require that any network
         | traffic containing AI generated content must have the IP evil
         | bit set.
        
         | achierius wrote:
         | Rather than new planes, some sort of combining-character or
         | even just an invisible signifying-mark would achieve the same
         | purpose with far less encoding space. Obviously this would
         | still be a nightmare for everyone who has to process text
         | regardless.
        
           | function_seven wrote:
           | Nope. Too easy to accidentally strip out. Each and every
           | glyph must carry the taint.
           | 
           | We don't want to send innocent people to jail! (Use UCS-18
           | for maximum benefit.)
        
         | brian-armstrong wrote:
         | Seems kind of excessive to send them to jail when the prisons
         | are already pretty full. Might be more productive to do summary
         | executions?
        
         | qwertycrackers wrote:
         | Sounds like the plot of God Shaped Hole
        
         | miki123211 wrote:
         | If somebody writes in a foreign language and asks Chat GPT to
         | translate to English, is that AI generated content? What about
         | if they write on paper and use an LLM to OCR? What if they give
         | the AI a very detailed outline, constantly ask for rewrites and
         | are ruthless in removing any facts they're not 100% sure of if
         | they slip in? What if they only use AI to fix the grammar and
         | rewrite bad English into a proper scientific tone?
         | 
         | My answer would be a clear "no" to all of these, even though
         | the content ultimately ends up fully copy-pasted from an LLM in
         | all those cases.
        
           | c-linkage wrote:
           | Stop ruining my simple and perfect ideas with nuance and
           | complexity!
        
             | theamk wrote:
             | Nuance and complexity are a thing, but many of the GP's
             | examples should be clearly AI labeled...
             | 
             | > What if they give the AI a very detailed outline,
             | constantly ask for rewrites and are ruthless in removing
             | any facts they're not 100% sure of if they slip in?
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | The whole point of those examples is to demonstrate that
               | there is considerably diversity in opinion on how those
               | cases "should" be classified -- which tells us that, at
               | least in the near term, nothing useful can be expected
               | from such a simplistic classification scheme.
        
           | zdc1 wrote:
           | If the purpose is to identify text that can be used as
           | training data, in some ways it makes sense to me to mark
           | anything and everything that isn't hand-typed as AI
           | generated.
           | 
           | Like for your last example: to me, the concept "proper
           | scientific tone" exists because humans hand-typed/wrote in a
           | certain way. If we use AI edited/transformed text to act as a
           | source for what "proper scientific tone" looks like, we still
           | could end up with an echo chamber where AI biases for certain
           | words and phrases feed into training data for the next round.
           | 
           | Being strict about how we mark text could mean a world where
           | 99% of text is marked as AI-touched and less than 1% is
           | marked as human-originated. That's still plenty of text to
           | train on, though such a split could also arguably introduce
           | its own (measurable) biases...
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | > we still could end up with an echo chamber where AI
             | biases for certain words and phrases feed into training
             | data for the next round.
             | 
             | That's how it works with humans too. "That sounds
             | professional because it sounds like the professionals".
        
           | theamk wrote:
           | My answer is clear "yes" to most of those.
           | 
           | Yes, machine translations are AI-generated content - I read
           | foreign-language news sites which sometimes has machine
           | translation articles and the quality stands out and not in a
           | good way.
           | 
           | "Maybe" for "writing on paper and using LLM for OCR". It's
           | like automatic meeting transcript - if the speaker has
           | perfect pronunciation, it works well. If they don't, then the
           | meeting notes still look coherent but have little
           | relationship to what speaker said and/or will miss critical
           | parts. Sadly there is no way for reader to know that from
           | reading the transcript, so I'd recommend labeling "AI edited"
           | just in case.
           | 
           | Yes, even if "they give the AI a very detailed outline,
           | constantly ask for rewrites, etc.." it's still AI generated.
           | I am not sure how can you argue otherwise - it's not their
           | words. Also, it's really easy to convince yourself that you
           | are "ruthless in removing any facts they're not 100% sure"
           | while actually you are anything but.
           | 
           | "What if they only use AI to fix the grammar and rewrite bad
           | English into a proper scientific tone?" - I'd label it "AI-
           | edited" if the rewrites are minor or "AI-generated" if the
           | rewrites are major. This one is especially insidious as
           | people may not expect rewrites to change meaning, so they
           | won't inspect them too much, so it will be easier for
           | hallucinations to slip in.
        
             | fho wrote:
             | > they give the AI a very detailed outline [...]
             | 
             | Honestly, I think that's a tough one.
             | 
             | (a) it "feels" like you are doing work. Without you the LLM
             | would not even start. (b) it is very close to how texts are
             | generated without LLMs. Be it in academia, with the PI
             | guiding the process of grad students, or in industry, with
             | managers asking for documentation. In both cases the
             | superior takes (some) credit for the work that is in large
             | parts by others.
        
               | theamk wrote:
               | Don't see anything "tough" here.
               | 
               | At least in academia, if PI takes credit for student's
               | work and does not list them as co-author, it's considered
               | widely unethical. The rules there are simple - someone
               | contributed to the text, they get onto the author list.
               | 
               | If we had same same rule for blogs - "this post is
               | authored by fho and ChatGPT" - then I'd be completely
               | satisfied, as this would be sufficient AI disclosure.
               | 
               | As for industry, I think the rules are very different
               | place-by-place. In some places the authorship does not
               | even come up - the slide deck/document can contain copies
               | from random internet sites, or some previous version of
               | the doc, and the reference will only be present if there
               | is a need (say to lend an authority)
        
           | RodgerTheGreat wrote:
           | All four of your examples are situations where an LLM has
           | potential to contaminate the _structure or content_ of the
           | text, so in all four cases it is clear-cut that the output
           | poses the same _essential_ hazards to training or consumption
           | as something produced  "whole cloth" from a minimal prompt;
           | post-hoc human supervision will at best reduce the severity
           | of these risks.
        
           | a57721 wrote:
           | It really depends on the context, e.g. if you need texts for
           | a database of word frequencies, then the answer is a clear
           | "yes", and LLMs have already ruined everything [1]. The only
           | exception from your list would be OCR where a human
           | proofreads the output.
           | 
           | [1] https://github.com/rspeer/wordfreq/blob/master/SUNSET.md
        
           | gojomo wrote:
           | OK, sure, there are gradations.
           | 
           | The new encoding can contain a FLOAT32 side channel on every
           | character, to represent its proportional "AI-ness" - kinda
           | like the 'alpha' transparency channel on pixels.
        
           | diffeomorphism wrote:
           | For the translate part let me just point out the offensively
           | bad translations that reddit (sites with an additional
           | ?tl=foo) and YouTube automatic dubbing force upon users.
           | 
           | These are immediately, negatively obvious as AI content.
           | 
           | For the other questions the consensus of many
           | publications/journals has been to treat grammar/spellcheck
           | just like non-AI but require that other uses have to be
           | declared. So for most of your questions the answer is a firm
           | "yes".
        
           | BugheadTorpeda6 wrote:
           | Yes yes yes yes
        
         | dmsnell wrote:
         | Unicode has a range of Tag Characters, created for marking
         | regions of text as coming from another language. These were
         | deprecated for this purpose in favor of higher level marking
         | (such as HTML tags), but the characters still exist.
         | 
         | They are special because they are invisible and sequences of
         | them behave as a single character for cursor movement.
         | 
         | They mirror ASCII so you can encode arbitrary JSON or other
         | data inside them. Quite suitable for marking LLM-generated
         | spans, as long as you don't mind annoying people with hidden
         | data or deprecated usage.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tags_(Unicode_block)
        
           | akoboldfrying wrote:
           | Can't I get around this by starting my text selection _one
           | character after_ the start of some AI-generated text and
           | ending it _one character before_ the end, Ctrl-C, Ctrl-V?
        
             | ema wrote:
             | There are many ways to get around this since it is trivial
             | to write code that strips those tags.
        
         | slashdev wrote:
         | I'll take the contrarian view. I don't care if content is
         | generated by a human or by an AI. I care about the quality of
         | the content, and in many cases, the human does a better job
         | currently.
         | 
         | I would like a search engine algorithm that penalizes low
         | quality content. The ones we currently have do a piss poor job
         | of that.
        
           | andsoitis wrote:
           | > I would like a search engine algorithm that penalizes low
           | quality content. The ones we currently have do a piss poor
           | job of that.
           | 
           | Without knowing the full dataset that got trimmed to the
           | search result you see, how do you evaluate the effectiveness?
        
             | sethhochberg wrote:
             | You're asking a fair question but I think you're
             | approaching it from a POV that's maybe a bit more of an
             | engineering mindset than the person you're responding to is
             | using
             | 
             | A brilliant algorithm that filters out some huge amount of
             | AI slop is still frustrating to the user if any highly
             | ranked AI slop remains. You still click it, immediately
             | notice what it is, and wonder why the algo couldn't figure
             | this out if you did so quickly
             | 
             | It's like complaining to a waiter that there's a fly in
             | your soup, and the waiter can't understand why you're upset
             | because there were many more flies in the soup before they
             | brought it to the table and they managed to remove almost
             | all of them
        
             | slashdev wrote:
             | It doesn't matter how much it filters out, if the top
             | results are still spam.
             | 
             | I barely use Google anymore. Mostly just when I know the
             | website I want, but not the URL.
        
         | akoboldfrying wrote:
         | Each character should be, in effect, a signed git commit: in
         | addition to a few bits for the Unicode code point itself, it
         | should store a pointer back to the previous character's hash,
         | plus a digital signature identifying the keyboard that typed
         | it.
        
         | throwaway290 wrote:
         | > for human eyes only - anyone who lets any AI train on, or
         | even consider, any text in these ranges goes straight to jail.
         | Fnord, "that doesn't look like anything to me".
         | 
         | Won't work because on day 0 someone will write a conversion
         | library and apparently if you are big enough and have enough
         | lawyers you can just ignore the jail threat (all popular LLMs
         | just scrape internet and skip licensing any text or code. Show
         | me one that isn't)
        
         | foxglacier wrote:
         | But why? It's nice that somebody's collecting sources of pre-AI
         | content that might be useful for curiosity or research or
         | something. But other than that, why does it matter? AI text can
         | still be perfectly good text. What's the psychological need
         | behind this popular anti-AI ludditism?
        
           | jofzar wrote:
           | You're absolutely right that AI-generated text can be good--
           | sometimes even great. But the reason people care about
           | preserving or identifying pre-AI content isn't always about
           | hating AI. It's more about context and trust.
           | 
           | Think of it like knowing the origin of food. Factory-produced
           | food can be nutritious, but some people want organic or local
           | because it reflects a different process, value system, or
           | authenticity. Similarly, pre-AI content often carries a sense
           | of human intention, struggle, or cultural imprint that people
           | feel connected to in a different way.
           | 
           | It's not necessarily a "psychological need" rooted in fear--
           | it can be about preserving human context in a world where
           | that's becoming harder to spot. For researchers, historians,
           | or even just curious readers, knowing that something was
           | created without AI helps them understand what it reflects: a
           | human moment, not a machine-generated pattern.
           | 
           | It's not always about quality--it's about provenance.
           | 
           | Edit: For those that can't tell this is obviously just copy
           | and pasted from chatgpt response.
        
             | foxglacier wrote:
             | OK, so they can choose to read material from publishers
             | that they trust to only produce human generated content.
             | Similar to buying organic food. Pay a bit more for the
             | feeling. No need for those idealists to drag everybody else
             | into it.
        
               | multjoy wrote:
               | Why would you want to read something that isn't written
               | by a human?
        
             | hbs18 wrote:
             | I feel like the em-dashes and "You're absoultely right"
             | already kinda serve the purpose of special AI-only glyphs
        
               | BoxOfRain wrote:
               | I've found propensity to swear quite a useful observation
               | when determining whether or not a user is an LLM. I
               | suspect it'll remain useful for quite a while, the
               | corporate LLM providers at least won't be training their
               | models to sound like a sailor eight pints deep any time
               | soon.
        
         | thih9 wrote:
         | > emits text in these ranges that was AI generated
         | 
         | How would you define AI generated? Consider a homework and the
         | following scenarios:
         | 
         | 1. Student writes everything themselves with pen & paper.
         | 
         | 2. Student does some research with an online encyclopedia,
         | proceeds to write with pen and paper. Unbeknownst to them, the
         | online encyclopedia uses AI to answer their queries.
         | 
         | 3. Student asks an AI to come up with the structure of the
         | paper, its main points and the conclusion. Proceeds with pen
         | and paper.
         | 
         | 4. Student writes the paper themselves, runs the text through
         | AI as a final step, to check for typos, grammar and some
         | styling improvements.
         | 
         | 5. Student asks the AI to write the paper for them.
         | 
         | The first one and the last one are obvious, but what about the
         | others?
         | 
         | Edit, bonus:
         | 
         | 6. Student writes multiple papers about different topics; later
         | asks an AI to pick the best paper.
        
           | WithinReason wrote:
           | This is about the characters themselves, therefore:
           | 
           | 1. Not AI 2. Not AI 3. Not AI 4. The characters directly
           | generated by AI are AI characters 5. AI 6. Not AI
        
             | ljlolel wrote:
             | The student dictates a paper word for word exactly
             | 
             | The student is missing arms and so dictates a paper word
             | for word exactly
        
               | WithinReason wrote:
               | Voice-to-text would probably not classify as an LLM
        
               | ljlolel wrote:
               | Ok now I dictate my prompt. Do you understand how these
               | multimodal models work?
        
               | WithinReason wrote:
               | Then the characters of the response of the LLM is flagged
               | as generated. This is simple logic, I don't see what you
               | don't get.
        
           | juancroldan wrote:
           | 7. Student spent the entire high school and bachelor's degree
           | learning from content that teachers generate using AI and
           | using it to do homework, hence becoming AI-contaminated
        
           | Applejinx wrote:
           | 6 is extremely interesting, in that it's tantamount to asking
           | a panel of innumerably many people to give an opinion on
           | which paper is best for a general audience.
           | 
           | It's hard to imagine that NOT working unless it's implemented
           | poorly.
        
         | crubier wrote:
         | Twelve millisecond after this law gets into effect, typing
         | factories open in India, where human operators hand-recopy text
         | from AI sources to perform "data laundering".
        
         | sReinwald wrote:
         | I understand that you're not completely serious about it, but
         | you're proposing a very brittle technical solution for what is
         | fundamentally a social and motivational issue.
         | 
         | The core flaw is that any such marker system is trivially easy
         | to circumvent. Any user intending to pass AI content as their
         | own would simply run the text through a basic script to
         | normalize the character set. This isn't a high-level hack; it's
         | a few dozen lines in Python and trivially easy to write for
         | anyone who can follow a few basic Python tutorials or a
         | 5-second task for ChatGPT or Claude.
         | 
         | Technical solutions to something like this exist in the analog
         | world, of course, like the yellow dots on printers that encode
         | date, time, and the printer's serial number. But, there is a
         | fundamental difference: The user has no control over that
         | enforcement mechanism. It's applied at a firmware/hardware
         | layer that they can't access without _significant_
         | modification. Encoding  "human or AI" markers within the
         | content itself means handing the enforcement mechanism directly
         | to the people you're trying to constrain.
         | 
         | The real danger of such a system isn't even just that it's
         | blatantly ineffective; it's that it creates a false sense of
         | security. The absence of "AI-generated" markers would be
         | incorrectly perceived as a guarantee for human origin. This is
         | a far more dangerous state than even our current one, where a
         | healthy level of skepticism is required for _all_ content.
         | 
         | It reminds me of my own methods of circumventing plagiarism
         | checkers back in school. I'm a native German speaker, and
         | instead of copying from German sources for my homework, I would
         | find an English source on the topic, translate it myself, and
         | rewrite it. The core ideas were not my own, but because the
         | text passed through an abstraction layer (my manual
         | translation), it had no direct signature for the checkers to
         | match. (And in case any of my teachers from back then read
         | this: Obviously I didn't cheat in _your_ class, promise.)
         | 
         | Stripping special Unicode characters is an even simpler version
         | of the same principle. The people this system is meant to catch
         | - those aiming to cheat, deceive, or manipulate - are precisely
         | the ones who will bypass it effortlessly. Apart from the most
         | lazy and hapless, of course. But we are already catching those
         | constantly from being dumb enough to include their LLM prompts,
         | or "Sure, I'll do that for you." when copying and pasting. But
         | if you ask me, those people are not the ones we should be
         | worried about.
         | 
         | //edit:
         | 
         | I'm sure there are way smarter people than me thinking about
         | this problem, but I genuinely don't see any way to solve this
         | problem with technology that isn't easily circumvented or
         | extremely brittle.
         | 
         | The most promising would likely be something like unperceivable
         | patterns in the content itself, somehow. Like hiding patterns
         | in the length of words used, length of sentences, punctuation,
         | starting letters for sentences, etc. But even if the big
         | players in AI were to implement something like this
         | immediately, it would be completely moot.
         | 
         | Local open-source models that can be run on consumer hardware
         | already are more than capable enough to re-phrase input text
         | without altering the meaning, and likely wouldn't contain these
         | patterns. Manual editing breaks stylometric patterns trivially
         | - swap synonyms, adjust sentence lengths, restructure
         | paragraphs. You could even attack longer texts piecemeal by
         | having different models rephrase different paragraphs (or
         | sentences), breaking the overall pattern. And if all else
         | fails, there's always my manual approach from high school.
        
         | sebzim4500 wrote:
         | You'd probably want to distinguish between content being
         | readable by AI and being trainable by AI.
         | 
         | E.g. you might be fine with the search tool in chatgpt being
         | able to read/link to your content but not be fine with your
         | content being used to improve the base model.
        
         | ianburrell wrote:
         | Maybe have the glyph be zero width by default but have way to
         | show them? I think begin-end markers would work better to make
         | a whole range. It would need support from editor to manage the
         | ranges and change editing AI generated text to mixed.
         | 
         | What might make sense is source marking. If you copy and paste
         | text, it becomes a citation. AI source is always cited.
         | 
         | I havebeen thinking that there should be metadata in images for
         | the provenance. Maybe a list of hashes of source images. Real
         | cameras would include the raw sensor data. Again, AI image
         | would be cited.
        
       | vouaobrasil wrote:
       | Like the idea but I'm not about to create a Tumblr account.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Someone else pointed out the problem when I suggested, a few days
       | ago, that it would be useful to have a LLM trained on public
       | domain materials for which copyright has expired. The Great Books
       | series, the out of copyright material in the Harvard libraries,
       | that sort of thing.
       | 
       | That takes us back to the days when men were men, women were
       | women, gays were criminals, trannies were crazy, and the sun
       | never set on the British Empire.[1]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/copyright
        
       | steve_gh wrote:
       | And this is why the Wayback Machine is potentially the most
       | valuable data on the internet
        
       | submeta wrote:
       | I have started to write ,,organic" content again, as I am fed up
       | with ultra polished super noisy texts by colleagues.
       | 
       | I realise that when I write (no so perfect) ,,organic" content my
       | colleagues enjoy it more. And as I am lazy, I get right to the
       | point. No prelude, no ,,Summary", just a few paragraphs of
       | genuine ideas.
       | 
       | And I am sure this will be a trend again. Until maybe LLMs are
       | trained to generate these kind of non-perfect, less noisy texts.
        
         | heavensteeth wrote:
         | > I would have written a shorter letter, but I did not have the
         | time.
         | 
         | - Blaise Pascal
         | 
         | im also unfortunately immediately weary of pretty, punctuated
         | prose now. when something is thrown together with and features
         | quips, slang, and informalities it makes it feel a lot more
         | human.
        
       | protocolture wrote:
       | I like how the chosen terminology is perfectly picked to paint
       | the concern as irrelevant.
       | 
       | "Since the end of atmospheric nuclear testing, background
       | radiation has decreased to very near natural levels, making
       | special low-background steel no longer necessary for most
       | radiation-sensitive uses, as brand-new steel now has a low enough
       | radioactive signature that it can generally be used."
       | 
       | I dont see that:
       | 
       | 1. There will be a need for "uncontaminated" data. LLM data is
       | probably slightly better than the natural background reddit
       | comment. Falsehoods and all.
       | 
       | 2. "Uncontaminated" data will be difficult to find. What with
       | archive.org, gutenberg etc.
       | 
       | 3. That LLM output is going to infest everything anyway.
        
         | jbs789 wrote:
         | Umm... we stopped nuclear testing, which is what allowed the
         | background radiation to reduce.
        
           | protocolture wrote:
           | And cars replaced horses in london, rendering forecasts of
           | london being buried under a mountain of horse manure
           | irrelevant too.
           | 
           | Change really is the only constant. The short term predictive
           | game is rigged against hard predictions.
        
         | fer wrote:
         | >2. "Uncontaminated" data will be difficult to find. What with
         | archive.org, gutenberg etc.
         | 
         | But recent uncontaminated data is hard to find.
         | https://github.com/rspeer/wordfreq/blob/master/SUNSET.md
        
           | protocolture wrote:
           | >Now the Web at large is full of slop generated by large
           | language models, written by no one to communicate nothing.
           | Including this slop in the data skews the word frequencies.
           | 
           | I really do just bail out whenever anyone uses the word slop.
           | 
           | >As one example, Philip Shapira reports that ChatGPT
           | (OpenAI's popular brand of generative language model circa
           | 2024) is obsessed with the word "delve" in a way that people
           | never have been, and caused its overall frequency to increase
           | by an order of magnitude.
           | 
           | Should run the same analysis against the word slop.
        
       | blt wrote:
       | tangentially, does anyone know a good way to limit web searches
       | to the "low-background" era that integrates with address bar, OS
       | right-click menus, etc? I often add a pre-2022 filter on searches
       | manually in reaction to LLM junk results, but I'd prefer to have
       | it on every search by default.
        
       | onecommentman wrote:
       | Used paper books, especially poor-but-functional copies known as
       | "reading copies" or "ex-library", are going for a song on the
       | used book market. Recommend starting your own physical book
       | library, including basic reference texts, and supporting your
       | local public and university libraries. Paper copies of articles
       | in your areas of expertise and interest. Follow the ways of your
       | ancestors.
       | 
       | I've had AIs outright lie about facts, and I'm glad to have had a
       | physical library available to convince myself that I was correct,
       | even if I couldn't convince the AI of that in all cases.
        
       | tomgag wrote:
       | Interesting idea, I also mentioned the low-background analogy
       | back in 2024:
       | 
       | https://gagliardoni.net/#ml_collapse_steel
       | 
       | https://infosec.exchange/@tomgag/111815723861443432
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-06-11 23:02 UTC)