[HN Gopher] What methylene blue can (and can't) do for the brain
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       What methylene blue can (and can't) do for the brain
        
       Author : wiry
       Score  : 72 points
       Date   : 2025-06-06 14:15 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (neurofrontiers.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (neurofrontiers.blog)
        
       | fhdkweig wrote:
       | It can turn it blue.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene_blue#/media/File:Gro...
        
         | landl0rd wrote:
         | It can also stain the heart and other tissues. But worth noting
         | this was a much higher dose than your typical "biohacker" uses.
         | The levels used in a hospital for things like
         | methemoglobinemia, septic shock, whatever are many times
         | larger.
         | 
         | Regardless, I don't understand why biohackers are often
         | obsessed with things like methylene blue when targeted
         | modulators usually exist. If someone is obsessed with
         | "mitochondrial function" I'd expect him to look at methoxatin
         | or something along those lines before something as broadly
         | active as methylene blue. If someone wants MAO inhibition
         | pharmaceutical options are probably better in terms of
         | controllable isoform affinity. I don't see any reason to prefer
         | something less well-studied for MAO inhibition over e.g.
         | rasagiline or moclobemide.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | probably for the same reasons as why people are obsessed with
           | colloidal silver. someone once told them it was good, so they
           | just went with it.
        
           | wiry wrote:
           | maybe it has to do with how easy it is to procure?
        
           | imoldfella wrote:
           | Availability: no gatekeepers. methylene blue predates the FDA
           | and is grandfathered. Unless you want to break the law, it
           | will be hard to biohack with rasagiline or moclobemide. Also
           | probably some safety in using something that's been used long
           | enough to be grandfathered.
        
             | landl0rd wrote:
             | Just about any medication you want can be freely ordered
             | from abroad. It is not against the law to use either, as
             | they're not controlled substances. It is illegal to sell
             | them for medical use without complying with pharmaceutical
             | standards and a prescription, but it is not illegal to buy
             | them.
        
               | hungryhobbit wrote:
               | I think having to order your drugs from another country
               | is pretty clearly a "gate keeper": you're basically
               | making the point you're trying to argue against.
        
               | paulluuk wrote:
               | I order plenty of things online (From other countries)
               | and other than having to wait a week, it's trivially
               | easy. Is it that much different when it's medicinal
               | products?
        
               | quantadev wrote:
               | You mean why would it be risky to ingest substances into
               | your body from an untrusted source? I think that question
               | answers itself.
        
               | landl0rd wrote:
               | A while back I grabbed a topical corticosteroid cream
               | from an indian subsidiary of an American pharmaceutical
               | company because it was cheaper, faster, and easier than a
               | dermatologist visit. It's often not a shady no-name
               | manufacturer. Some guys in the bodybuilding world will
               | get their steroids through Bayer's turkish subsidiary.
               | Etc.
        
               | gertop wrote:
               | > Just about any medication you want can be freely
               | ordered from abroad. It is not against the law to use
               | either, as they're not controlled substances.
               | 
               | Interesting, so buying prescription medication from
               | abroad (and without a prescription of course) is not
               | illegal as long as it isnt a narcotic?
        
               | landl0rd wrote:
               | If it's a controlled substance, no. It's illegal to say
               | "I'm selling you a drug" that's not an approved,
               | appropriately-produced drug that's either OTC or
               | dispensed with a prescription.
               | 
               | Because these are usually ordered from overseas companies
               | that aren't governed by U.S. regulations, they're in the
               | clear. Because it's not actually illegal for you to buy
               | it, you're in the clear.
               | 
               | N.B. some "nootropics" are still controlled substances.
               | For example, modafinil is I believe schedule IV so you
               | technically could be prosecuted though it's unlikely.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | FYI: Possessing non-controlled prescription drugs may be
               | illegal depending on your state. It's generally a
               | misdemeanor offense.
               | 
               | Whether you'd get caught or not is a separate matter, but
               | don't assume that it's legal without checking local laws.
        
           | replwoacause wrote:
           | Probably because you can buy it at a dish supply store like I
           | did almost 20 years ago.
        
           | ajolly wrote:
           | Plenty of people are taking Methoxatin (PQQ) as well, I'd
           | argue its more common to take than methylene blue.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Sent me down a rabbit hole -- found the Blue Fugates of
         | Kentucky: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Fugates
         | 
         | Thanks, ha ha.
        
         | tkzed49 wrote:
         | thank you, this is the only answer I want
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Maybe an irresponsible link right here:
         | https://wikijo.blogspot.com/2007/08/chemistry-methylene-blue...
        
         | dchristian wrote:
         | > the ordered dosage of methylene blue was 1mg/kg/hr
         | 
         | That's 5X what is considered a safe dose.
         | 
         | Up to 2mg/kg/day is considered safe. Double that with care. But
         | they were dosing every hour for days!
        
       | Aurornis wrote:
       | Methylene Blue is fascinating because it has been present in
       | alternative medicine, biohacking, and nootropics forums for
       | decades. It seems everyone in those communities discovers it
       | eventually, thinks it must be a miracle substance, and then
       | either feels nothing or has some initial positive effects that
       | are either placebo or diminish quickly with tolerance.
       | 
       | From the anecdotes I've read over the years, very few people
       | continue taking it. They either feel nothing, get some worrying
       | side effects, or the initial effects they experienced (or
       | placebo) disappear after a couple days or weeks. The most
       | positive posts seem to be correlated with people taking a dozen
       | medications and supplements at the same time, so it's impossible
       | to know what's causing their experience.
       | 
       | Another ever-popular medication in these communities is
       | Selegiline: Also an MAOI but selective for MAO-B at low doses
       | (warning: it's easier to reach MAO-A inhibition with repeated
       | dosing, especially sublingual, than many internet sources claim).
       | This one draws in people who are in their "dopamine explains
       | everything" phase of learning neuroscience and think it must be a
       | hack to get "more dopamine". Again, few people continue it and
       | many are confused about why they end up fatigued or tired while
       | taking it instead of turning into the guy from Limitless.
       | Neuropharmacology isn't as simple as taking drugs to push
       | neurotransmitter up.
       | 
       | Selegiline was repurposed as an anti-depressant recently, but
       | it's delivered transdermally and only showed efficacy at levels
       | high enough to be a full MAOI.
        
         | replwoacause wrote:
         | Excellent summary. As someone who has taken both and spent an
         | inordinate amount of time on Longecity, this is pretty spot on.
        
         | landl0rd wrote:
         | Pretty much accurate, this is also my perception.
         | 
         | I think the whole "nootropics" and "biohacking" community would
         | benefit from mandatory introductory reading to understand that
         | disrupting homeostasis in a durable and meaningful way is
         | actually darn hard to do without serious side effects.
        
           | spondylosaurus wrote:
           | https://www.thecut.com/article/supplements-made-me-lose-
           | my-m...
           | 
           | A recent cautionary tale about someone who took St. John's
           | Wort because they didn't want to take antidepressants, then
           | quit the STW too quickly... which functionally put them into
           | (prolonged, agonizing) SSRI withdrawal.
        
         | HighlandSpring wrote:
         | Selegiline is also known as Emsam, the patches reportedly Sam
         | Bankman-Fried was on, alongside ADHD meds. I recall reading how
         | this may have been a large driver of his compulsive risk it all
         | decision making that eventually brought it all down.
        
       | HiroshiSan wrote:
       | Here's a much better treatment of methylene blue than this
       | article:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/CnIJbbCvFdQ?si=lQ1i2Ah7ZIt6hewT
       | 
       | One thing to note is the dosages in most studies is way under
       | dosed to not even be relevant to the effects.
        
         | jdiff wrote:
         | Is it? I don't see any sources linked to any studies at all in
         | the description. I do however see an extensive list of
         | affiliate and sponsor links to everything from sketchy
         | supplements to anti-aging clinics featuring blood analysis to
         | the evergreen classic: penis pumps.
        
           | HiroshiSan wrote:
           | The studies referenced are highlighted and spread throughout
           | the video for each point he talks about.
        
       | getcrunk wrote:
       | Didn't Mel Gibson say it cures cancer? On jre
        
         | ycomb-acct wrote:
         | no, that was ivermectin and fenbendezole he spoke of.
        
       | profsummergig wrote:
       | How this guy is still alive after all the drugs he did in his
       | youth, and all the testosterone/steroids he takes now, is a
       | mystery to me.
       | 
       | Also, overdoses on methylene blue, apparently:
       | https://x.com/iAnonPatriot/status/1887232439770087608
        
         | eYrKEC2 wrote:
         | I don't care what kind of quackery it takes to look like this
         | at 71. Sign me up.
         | 
         | https://x.com/craigbrockie/status/1865776415934947687
        
           | karlgkk wrote:
           | Eating clean, daily exercise. Treating conditions with
           | lifestyle changes instead of medication - where feasible.
           | That's it for most people. He's not cracked some secret code,
           | but he uses it to push his wacky beliefs
        
       | perrygeo wrote:
       | Given how long it's been around, the promising results, and how
       | many people have been using it for "biohacking" for decades, it
       | was at first a little surprising to hear how little double-blind
       | clinical research exists. Then you realize: methylene blue can't
       | be patented and it's manufacture is no secret. So no one is going
       | to make big money from it, therefore no money goes into clinical
       | research. All too familiar story, and it really calls into
       | question the whole "clinical trials are the arbiter of truth"
       | mentality if the one making that claim also controls the purse
       | strings!
        
         | spondylosaurus wrote:
         | I'm not sure that "can't be patented / manufacture is no
         | secret" is necessarily the research bottleneck here, because
         | you can make a lot of money selling analogs or derivatives of
         | old, boring drugs. There was an interesting ProPublica story
         | recently about a drug manufacturer raising the price of their
         | (patented) cancer drug to eye-watering levels... and the drug
         | in question is an analog of thalidomide!
         | https://www.propublica.org/article/revlimid-price-cancer-cel...
         | 
         | One of the claims against this company is that they were
         | preventing _other_ companies from getting their hands on
         | generic thalidomide, because they didn't want competitors to do
         | research that might uncover similar analogs.
         | 
         | (I'm also not convinced that the results for methylene blue are
         | especially promising or unique, but that's another matter :P)
        
         | why_at wrote:
         | I have only vaguely heard of this substance so I may be missing
         | some important context, but I don't think this attitude really
         | holds up under scrutiny.
         | 
         | There's plenty of research done on things which can't be
         | patented or used to turn a profit in some way. People do
         | research on diet, exercise, vitamins, and pharmaceuticals which
         | are now generic like aspirin etc. just to name a few off the
         | top of my head.
         | 
         | There's also public funding available for research which isn't
         | intended to make money for any particular corporation.
        
       | cgio wrote:
       | Before taking methylene blue, and if you have genetic origins
       | from high risk areas (Mediterranean, African, SE Asia), make sure
       | you know that you don't have G6PD. As with all antimalarials,
       | G6PD may result in haemolysis. Of course it's also on every blue
       | dessert etc. , but don't take your previous exposure as sign of
       | immunity. Haemolytic episodes are possible but not given and as
       | such you can consume the substance with minor signs for years and
       | still end up with an episode.
        
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