[HN Gopher] Panjandrum: The 'giant firework' built to break Hitl...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Panjandrum: The 'giant firework' built to break Hitler's Atlantic
       Wall
        
       Author : rmason
       Score  : 135 points
       Date   : 2025-06-05 02:21 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | the__alchemist wrote:
       | _Panjandrum_ : Fraa Orolo's pejorative term for a high-ranking
       | official of the Saecular Power.
        
         | lelandfe wrote:
         | Stephenson enjoys the word. He also used it in _Cryptonomicon_.
         | I keep a running list of new words I encounter and share them
         | online occasionally. Someone once recognized I was reading
         | _Cryptonomicon_ just from a string of those new words, lol.
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | If you enjoy encountering new words and phrases such as
           | 'theurgic vermin' then you might like China Mieville's
           | _Kraken_. I had to read it with a copy of the OED and
           | Wikipedia to get the most from it.
        
             | almostkindatech wrote:
             | Or read anything by Will Self
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | I had a pretty good list for Polostan
        
         | ben_ja_min wrote:
         | Thank you for this. I was going nuts trying to figure out where
         | I had read this before. Peace and love! For the uninitiated,
         | the Neil Stephenson novel, "Anathem", is brilliant and
         | extremely entertaining.
        
           | 6LLvveMx2koXfwn wrote:
           | And if you enjoyed that you'd possibly enjoy The Glass Bead
           | Game
        
       | daverol wrote:
       | I always preferred the thinking behind the 'Conundrum' used in
       | Operation Pluto. No big bangs but excellent logistics - see
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Pluto
        
       | KineticLensman wrote:
       | There's a recreation of a Panjandrum in the iconic UK WW2-set
       | comedy 'Dad's Army' [0] which captures the essential nuttiness of
       | the real device
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_and_Round_Went_the_Great...
        
       | kjellsbells wrote:
       | As the ww2 generation passes on, it's easy to forget the degree
       | of utter, total mobilization that went on in the British Isles
       | during the war. I'm always struck by how easy it is to hike into
       | some remote part of the UK and learn that the parish school was a
       | training ground for Italian resistance fighters or that some park
       | in remote scotland was where they trained commandos. Perhaps its
       | because the country is quite small, and they had to use every
       | inch, but it always seems remarkable.
       | 
       | I think the notion of odd, but brilliant, boffin is deeply
       | embedded in British culture. Or was, until at least the 2000s.
       | The Great Egg Race on TV being a fine example.
        
         | nocoiner wrote:
         | You would probably enjoy the book "Backroom Boys" by Francis
         | Spufford.
        
         | FridayoLeary wrote:
         | What i find even more remarkable is how every town, village,
         | school and institution have memorials for those who lost their
         | lives in the Great War. Usually there is another plaque
         | attached in memory of WW2. It's hard to imagine the scale of
         | deaths. The tragedy is how little was accomplished by the
         | sacrifices of ww1. It had none of the moral clarity of ww2 nor
         | did most of the deaths achieve any strategic purpose.
         | 
         | On the other hand i knew an old scientist who had quite a few
         | interesting and amusing stories to share about his efforts in
         | WW2. One of them was about his attempts to perfect a formala.
         | Several factories exploded before they succeeded.
        
           | sorcerer-mar wrote:
           | It's worth pointing out explicitly that WW2 didn't have the
           | moral clarity that it does today either. The vast majority of
           | the western world was perfectly content to let Hitler run
           | Europe and Japan to run Asia.
        
             | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
             | What do you define as the vast majority of the western
             | world? Just the US?
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | Literally not one country initiated combat against Nazi
               | Germany before being attacked itself.
               | 
               | Churchill stands virtually alone as one with moral
               | clarity on the Nazis.
               | 
               | USSR allied with them. France was fine seeing everyone
               | else get rolled. Poland signed a nonaggression pact. The
               | British parliament were generally happy to let Hitler
               | have his way.
               | 
               | How about instead, you tell me who you think went out of
               | their way to combat Nazism?
        
               | abraae wrote:
               | > Literally not one country initiated combat against Nazi
               | Germany before being attacked itself.
               | 
               | Apart from many of the Commonwealth countries?
        
               | lipowitz wrote:
               | The UK could have declared war on Mars and the
               | Commonwealth would follow, so you are only talking about
               | Churchill.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Churchill became PM in May 1940, 8 months after the UK
               | declared war on Germany.
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | The interim period being known as "The Phoney War" for
               | being... well... phoney.
               | 
               | A technical satisfaction of their obligations to Poland
               | and no more.
        
               | yread wrote:
               | British government even signed a british german naval
               | friendship on the eve of Munich agreement. Moral clarity
               | haha
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | How else were they going to get peace in our time?
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | Nitpick: It was "peace _for_ our time "
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_for_our_time
        
               | flir wrote:
               | Meanwhile, back home... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bri
               | tish_rearmament_before_Worl...
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | > Literally not one country initiated combat against Nazi
               | Germany before being attacked itself.
               | 
               | The UK and France both declared war at the same time
               | after Germany invaded Poland.
               | 
               | I think the UK fired the first bullets -- or rather depth
               | charges, on Sep 3rd. That resulted in damage and no
               | deaths. A few hours later Germany attacked a UK passenger
               | liner and killed over 100 civilians - not just Brits but
               | also Canadians and Americans.
               | 
               | The day later the RAF bombed a German naval port, causing
               | little damage, but again attacks.
               | 
               | France had the Saar offensive within days, so France
               | fired the first shots between France and Germany. Nazi
               | invasion of the Benelux and France was inevitable, but
               | technically France attacked Germany before Germany
               | attacked France.
               | 
               | > The British parliament were generally happy to let
               | Hitler have his way.
               | 
               | Britain was mobilising throughout the late 30s. Declaring
               | war at Munich could well have resulted in a British loss
               | - the RAF wasn't really capable of running the Battle of
               | Britain, it barely survived even with the extra year of
               | preparation. On the other hand Nazis were less prepared
               | too. Who knows what that would have done - perhaps a coup
               | against Hitler would have succeeded. On the other hand
               | perhaps there would have been no support for war -
               | leading to a resignation of Chamberlain, Halifax becoming
               | PM who was even more stronger into appeasement, and a
               | swift truce hammered out, with no the UK abandoning
               | Poland.
               | 
               | Churchill was of course more wary of Hitler, but
               | Chamberlain is the one who declared war.
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | This is pretty much a complete and comprehensive
               | description of what's now called the Phoney War for being
               | pretty much nonexistent beyond the bare minimum required
               | to "check the box" for England and France's "defense" of
               | Poland (which, to be clear, waiting for your ally to be
               | directly attacked == not doing anything until you are
               | attacked)
               | 
               | Not that I think any of this is indefensible, to be
               | clear, but it is obvious _in the moral clarity of today_
               | that offensive action against Nazi Germany would have
               | been justified. The reason no one engaged in it was
               | because _it wasn 't morally clear_ at the time.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | I don't understand when you consider the first attack by
               | Germany on the UK? The invasion of Poland?
               | 
               | Even if you ignore early engagements in September 1939,
               | from April the UK was involved in fighting in Norway -
               | losing over 4000 troops in the process.
               | 
               | The war wasn't waged particularly well by France or the
               | UK in 39/40, being too late to be involved in Finland and
               | failing to successfully defend Norway, but it was
               | certainly waged in Norway. The failures led to the fall
               | of both Daladier and Chamberlain, but thousands of
               | British troops had been killed before Churchill became
               | Prime Minister.
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | Yes I would say "waiting until I'm legally obligated to
               | act, and even then doing such a minuscule job of it that
               | it's called 'The Phoney War'" are clear evidence of a
               | _lack of moral clarity._
               | 
               | It seems like you believe I'm arguing that no military
               | action was underway prior to Churchill. I'm not. I'm
               | arguing that (effectively) no one had "moral clarity"
               | about the Third Reich other than Churchill.
        
               | dh2022 wrote:
               | Fighting in Norway and on the high seas (see sinking of
               | Graf Spee) does not look like phoney war...
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | Compared to what was necessary and warranted, it clearly
               | was.
        
               | allturtles wrote:
               | I don't think it has anything to do with moral clarity.
               | The western allies didn't hesitate to attack because they
               | weren't sure whether Hitler was such a bad guy after all.
               | They feared another repetition of wwi and worse, because
               | the increased effectiveness of aerial bombing would bring
               | the horrors of the trenches to the home front. This fear
               | drove all of the capitulations to Hitler by France and
               | the UK in the 1930s, and continued as late as 1944, when
               | much of the British leadership still feared to land
               | armies in the killing fields of northwest Europe.
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | If you believe that today WW2 was "morally clear," what
               | you are saying is that it was clearly worth overcoming
               | all of those risks and that fear (understandable as it
               | is).
               | 
               | They did not do that and instead were spurred into action
               | _only_ when they themselves were attacked, ergo obviously
               | it was not morally clear at the time.
        
               | allturtles wrote:
               | Okay, well I disagree with your dimensional analysis. To
               | me moral clarity is being confident about who is in the
               | right and who is in the wrong. Taking action to do
               | something about it is another matter. To me it's morally
               | clear that Ukraine is in the right in the current war,
               | but I have taken no personal risks to put my life on the
               | line for that belief.
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | Fair point!
        
             | FridayoLeary wrote:
             | To an extent you are right. ww1 made much more sense at the
             | time then it does today. And it wasn't as clear during ww2
             | that it was in fact the greatest conflict of good vs evil
             | ever.
             | 
             | The extent of the German and Japanese atrocities only
             | became clear after the war and they were so great that even
             | the Soviet Union were on the side of the angels.
             | 
             | I wouldn't say they were perfectly content. It was more
             | that they were cowardly and apathetic.
        
               | kjellsbells wrote:
               | WWI makes no sense (or perhaps, we understand it better)
               | because over a hundred years have passed, and the highly
               | emotive propaganda of the time no longer persuades us. If
               | you were listening to your pastor thundering in the
               | village church about (say) nurses in Belgium in 1914 you
               | might not have had the emotional distance, or education
               | in cold politics, to recognise that what was really going
               | on was the death throes of the Austro-Hungarian empire
               | and the fight for hegemony in the empires that remained.
               | (Not to diminish the crimes in Belgium, btw, but they
               | were part of a bigger picture that would have been hard
               | to read in 1914.)
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | There was moral clarity in West and South Europe. But if you
           | happened to be in East Europe, WW2 was primarily a war
           | between nazism and communism. Everyone else was trying to
           | find the least bad option, which usually meant choosing a
           | side and switching it at least once.
        
             | FridayoLeary wrote:
             | I don't know if the eastern european countries besides
             | maybe ussr count. Many many polish, ukrainian and
             | lithuanians enthusiastically helped the germans in carrying
             | out the holocaust.
        
               | oddmiral wrote:
               | Many jews were communists. Communists killed millions in
               | those countries.
        
               | rrr_oh_man wrote:
               | I think you got your causalities wrong there
        
               | oddmiral wrote:
               | On 02.04.2008, Russian State Duma confirmed that 7
               | million (adults and unknown number of children) died
               | because of artificial starvation in 1932-1934
               | (Holodomor). Majority of them are Ukrainians. However,
               | Russian Federation refuses to confirm the starvation and
               | FSB agents jail or kill everybody who spreads information
               | about Holodomor. If you are from RF - beware.
        
               | rrr_oh_man wrote:
               | Causalities, not casualties. :)
        
               | FridayoLeary wrote:
               | Not even close so don't try. There were some powerful
               | positions in the ussr occupied by jews. I'm not sure what
               | role they had in the purges etc. Stalin was definitely
               | not a great lover of jews.
               | 
               | On the other hand in the countries i mentioned above many
               | locals participated in a genocide and murdered their
               | neighbors with their bare hands.
        
             | rdtsc wrote:
             | > There was moral clarity in West and South Europe
             | 
             | Indeed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_declaration_o
             | f_war_on_.... Both Britain and France declared war on
             | Germany because they made guarantees to Poland about it.
             | 
             | > ... in the event of any action which clearly threatened
             | Polish independence, and which the Polish Government
             | accordingly considered it vital to resist with their
             | national forces, His Majesty's Government would feel
             | themselves bound at once to lend the Polish Government all
             | support in their power.
             | 
             | That is unambiguous and clear. They kept their word.
             | 
             | It is tragic in the end that after the war they handed
             | Poland over to Stalin. Poland still had its independence
             | threatened but after having supplied and helped Stalin all
             | that time, it was awkward having to declare war against him
             | as well.
        
               | hackandthink wrote:
               | The political situation in the 1930s was thoroughly
               | messed up. Britain and France may have had mainly good
               | intentions, but their policies did not prevent the
               | disasters.
               | 
               | Great Britain should have made a pact with the Soviet
               | Union against Hitler much earlier.
               | 
               | Poland was in an extremely difficult situation. But the
               | decision to invade Czechoslovakia with the Germans was
               | certainly not a good idea.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_betrayal
        
               | rdtsc wrote:
               | > Britain and France may have had mainly good intentions,
               | but their policies did not prevent the disasters.
               | 
               | They had an absolute lack of appetite for fighting since
               | the WWI was not long ago. I don't know if the Germans
               | were smart enough to understand that and fully took
               | advantage of it or were just lucky. For the Germans it
               | worked with Czechoslovakia so they figured it would work
               | with Poland as well.
               | 
               | Stalin I think is more interesting. He was prepared to
               | "defend" the Czechs as well. He just needed permission to
               | take his armies across Poland and Romania. He quickly
               | switched sides after the agreement and signed the Soviet-
               | German agreement.
               | 
               | Not too long ago I also learned about the secret military
               | cooperation between the Soviets and the Germans https://e
               | n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_r....
               | The German air force was training its pilots in the
               | Soviet Union:
               | 
               | > In 1925, a flying school was established near Lipetsk
               | (Lipetsk fighter-pilot school) to train the first pilots
               | for the future Luftwaffe
               | 
               | Reading that it's like reading some alternative universe
               | fan-fiction. So that makes Stalin's position interesting.
               | He was supposed to be allied with the French and the
               | British officially but non-officially was assisting the
               | Germans.
        
               | yread wrote:
               | > they kept their word
               | 
               | After not upholding the 1924 pact (France) with
               | Czechoslovakia
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | That 'defence' of Poland mainly consisted of doing
               | nothing, in the Phoney War.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoney_War
        
               | rdtsc wrote:
               | That's fair. It sort of like on "paper" they fulfilled
               | their obligation, shot a few rounds and quickly ran away.
               | And like we mentioned even in the end they gave Poland
               | over to Stalin. So they won the war, but officially the
               | reason they got into it was not redressed. Not until the
               | Soviet Union fell, years later.
        
               | rdtsc wrote:
               | That's true. Abandoning the Czechs was embarrassing. That
               | was probably a factor in then choosing to at least do the
               | right thing for Poland. Otherwise it started to look
               | really embarrassing for them: here are these great powers
               | and they do not keep their word. That looked very weak.
        
               | hermitcrab wrote:
               | The lesson from history is that appeasing tyrants only
               | encourages them. And we would be well to remember it.
        
             | inkyoto wrote:
             | > But if you happened to be in East Europe, WW2 was
             | primarily a war between nazism and communism.
             | 
             | WWII in Eastern Europe was a war for the survival of the
             | Slavic peoples whom the Nazis declared to be the
             | Untermensch[0] (Belorussians, Czechs, Poles, Russians,
             | Serbs, Ukrainians - _all_ of them) and were determined to
             | fully exterminate them all following the extermination of
             | the Jews and the Roma people.
             | 
             | The scale of extermination of the Slavs went far beyond the
             | mass murdering of them in concentration camps, and included
             | rounding up villages and burning them along with the
             | villagers down with the use of flamethrowers, with no
             | remorse because the Nazis considered the Slavs sub-
             | humans[1][2][3][4].
             | 
             | Neither Czechoslovakia, nor Poland, nor the Kingdom of
             | Yugoslavia had communism of any shape or flavour.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untermensch
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatyn_massacre
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidice_massacre
             | 
             | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michni%C3%B3w_massacre
             | 
             | [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Centre_Lipa_Reme
             | mbers...
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | How do Romania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland
               | fit in that picture?
               | 
               | WW2 was a complex war. The big picture for the European
               | part was that the two main powers divided Europe in their
               | spheres of influence, fully intending to fight each other
               | for overall supremacy after a while. Some countries
               | joined their designated side voluntarily, some joined
               | under a threat of invasion, and most of the rest were
               | invaded. The ones I listed were the ones where the USSR
               | was the initial aggressor.
        
               | inkyoto wrote:
               | Instead of shifting the goalposts, please do yourself a
               | favour and read up on the Untermenschen and the
               | convoluted hierarchy of the sub-humans in the Nazi racial
               | ideology. As an example, since the Nazis harboured
               | particular hatred towards the Poles, the Poles were at
               | the very bottom of the hierarchy, and only complete
               | obliteration of the Polish ethnicity was deemed
               | acceptable.
               | 
               | One joins an alliance of convenience, sometimes in very
               | unfavourable circumstances, to avoid the worst - the
               | demise of one's own people and to guarantee their
               | survival. Making a deal with the devil is a well-known
               | adage that aptly describes such an unfortunate event.
               | 
               | Nazis considered the Finns (and the Estonians by
               | extension) to be racially pure, with Latvians and
               | Lithuanians being somewhere in between either redeemable
               | or tolerable (frankly, I can't recall the exact details).
               | 
               | > WW2 was a complex war.
               | 
               | WWII was no more complex than the WWI, and it had a
               | single, overarching objective - the repartitioning of the
               | world. The main difference between the two was that the
               | WWII was infused with a vile racial ideology, used to
               | justify the pursuit of Lebensraum and the total
               | annihilation of peoples whom the Nazi Party targeted with
               | hatred, based on their crackpot so-called racial studies.
        
               | markvdb wrote:
               | A clear view of WW II in all its complexity is important.
               | The current tense geopolitical context makes that even
               | more so. Have you noticed how the current head war
               | criminal in Moscow is glorifying his WW II predecessor?
        
               | oddmiral wrote:
               | Moreover, Germans decided that Slavs are untermensch
               | because of Holodomor henocide of Ukrainians ([Little]
               | Russians) by Russians (Great Russians). The confusion
               | between [Little] Russians (now Ukrainians) and Great
               | Russians (now Russians) caused Germans to think that
               | Russians performed genocide of their own nation, killed
               | millions of their own mothers and children, which is
               | biggest sin in Germany (and many other nations).
        
               | hackandthink wrote:
               | This is Nazi talk.
               | 
               | That was the actual Nazi plan:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_Plan
               | 
               | The differentiation between Ukraine and Russia is
               | interesting.
               | 
               | Ukrainian nationalists had also joined the Nazis.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | > Ukrainian nationalists had also joined the Nazis.
               | 
               | This occurred in all occupied territories didn't it?
               | France, Holland, Belgium etc.
               | 
               | It also occurred in some that weren't occupied. Spain for
               | example, and don't look too hard at the British Royal
               | Family (for this reason and various others).
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Also in North America, eg:
               | https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/german-
               | ame...
               | 
               | As with Ukraine a few Nazi's didn't represent the country
               | nor even come close to a majority.
        
               | oddmiral wrote:
               | Few Ukrainians joined Nazi, few Jews joined Nazi, whole 3
               | million Russian Army joined Nazi. :-/
        
               | hackandthink wrote:
               | This is a hornet nest.
               | 
               | I once read this from Alain Badiou:
               | 
               | "This separatism at certain moments reached extremes that
               | no one could forget, particularly not the Russian people,
               | knowing that the vast mass of the Nazi-armed and
               | organised armies coming from Russian territory were
               | Ukrainian. The Vlasov army was a Ukrainian army. Today we
               | can even read the history of Ukrainians turning entire
               | villages to blood and fire, including French ones. A good
               | part of the repression of the maquis in central France
               | was carried out by Ukrainians. "
               | 
               | Wikimedia presents Vaslov's army as Russian:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army
               | 
               | But Wikipedia about Vlasov (SS Division here):
               | 
               | "He (Himmler) oversaw the creation of the SS-Volunteer
               | Division "Galicia" in October 1943 from Ukrainian
               | volunteers, but that same month he said that Vlasov made
               | him "genuinely anxious."
               | 
               | https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/news/1569-a-present-
               | default...
               | https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/news/1569-a-present-
               | default...
               | 
               | --- Badiou is a strange guy but I trust him.
               | 
               | In general, I have the impression that the historiography
               | of the Nazi collobaration in Central Europe has been
               | politically influenced in recent years.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Vlasov
        
               | euroderf wrote:
               | The relevant film here is "Come and See" (USSR, 1985).
        
               | Viliam1234 wrote:
               | > war for the survival of the Slavic peoples
               | 
               | That simplifies the situation a bit too much. When Soviet
               | Union conquered half of Poland, which side were the
               | Slavs, and which side were the Slavs?
        
         | aerostable_slug wrote:
         | Various infantry bunkers laying about are also a reminder, but
         | what really gets me are the bonkers last-ditch defensive
         | weapons you can still find in places, like preset positions for
         | flame fougasse batteries:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_fougasse
         | 
         | They speak to the particular combination of desperation,
         | urgency, and ingenuity found in the UK at that time.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | I think we are seeing similar tactics and mobilization in
           | Ukraine. They had to invent and be practical on the
           | battlefield without the overwhelming numbers of the Russian
           | empire.
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | IIRC Churchill was prepared to use chemical weapons as well.
           | He wasn't messing around.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | The Germans were prepared to also. It would have been
             | horrible on both sides.
        
               | hermitcrab wrote:
               | The Germans didn't use chemical weapons, even when
               | Germany was invaded.
        
               | euroderf wrote:
               | To be specific, I meant that they were prepared to use
               | them in the invasion of Britain.
        
               | hermitcrab wrote:
               | I don't think I've seen anything about that. Do you have
               | any links?
        
               | euroderf wrote:
               | 'Fraid not. I picked it up from many years of reading
               | everything about Seelowe that I could get my hands on.
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | > As the ww2 generation passes on,
         | 
         | I was at a picnic recently that happened to be on VE day, it
         | really struck me that now London is only about 35% or so
         | English as the ww2 generation would've known it, almost no one
         | has a particularly good reason to bother paying attention. I'm
         | sure I was the only person there who knows who Barnes Wallis
         | was.
         | 
         | And yes I miss the boffins. They do still sort of exist but
         | that type of mind has been strangled by the last few decades
         | drive towards left-brained processes where everything basically
         | has to be nailed down before the work actually starts.
         | 
         | That latter point is one reason why we're struggling so much -
         | we owe a great debt to the generations who built all the
         | infrastructure and housing. We didn't pay it off, we now can't
         | really do anything at scale other than extract rent. The
         | victorians were building a HS2 every few years.
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | Not sure the WW2 generation would be all too comfortable with
           | you looking around and making a snap judgement based solely
           | on appearances that some of the people around you have a
           | lesser right to call themselves 'English' than you because
           | you assume none of them know who Barnes Wallace is.
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | I'm not assuming, I asked; they wouldn't _call_ themselves
             | english anyway. Almost no one does anymore anyway, I don
             | 't.
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | > London is only about 35% or so English
           | 
           | It also generates a quarter of the UK's GDP, so there's that.
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | How else do you think we pay for (say) about half of all
             | social housing in central London to go to those born
             | overseas
             | 
             | Or even just the bizarre notion of having best part of half
             | of zone 1 be social in the first place.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | If there's so much social housing in London and so many
               | people born overseas living in London, they can hardly
               | help living in the social housing. Not sure that's a good
               | or bad thing.
        
         | ithkuil wrote:
         | Perhaps that's why the UK has so much more sympathy for Ukraine
         | than the US.
         | 
         | Yes the US fought in WWII with a lot of human investment, the
         | amount of direct threats to American soil was much smaller than
         | the UK and the memories of the war are those of the fights in
         | the jungles and not of American children fleeing bombs in major
         | cities
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | It helps. I think Boris Johnson was very happy to play the
           | Churchill role.
           | 
           | The more interesting question is always why America suddenly
           | forgot all its usual rhetoric of freedom, democracy, and
           | liberating random countries (sometimes against their will) in
           | this particular case, and whether it has anything to do with
           | propaganda and bribery operations.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | IDK, maybe it has something to do with spending 20yr
             | replacing the Taliban with the Taliban.
             | 
             | You do not get a blank check to engage in nation building
             | boondoggles until a "good one" comes along.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | That can totally explain the lack of desire to get
               | involved.
               | 
               | That doesn't explain the victim blaming though.
               | 
               | Zelenski is depicted as a war criminal because he refused
               | to capitulate to a stronger enemy.
               | 
               | War is crazy and brutal and engaging in one is going to
               | get people killed. But I don't understand how we can
               | expect some other country to just give up and yet we
               | don't expect ourselves to do the same when somebody
               | attacks us.
               | 
               | Hence my only explanation is that no living person in
               | America truly knows how it feels to be invaded.
        
               | rainworld wrote:
               | >some other country to just give up
               | 
               | That _some other country_ gets over 55% of its budget
               | from the West and almost all its materiel. Total direct
               | "aid" over 320 billion so far. Total costs to the West
               | much higher still.
               | 
               | And the result for Ukraine is more territory lost, more
               | destruction, and hundreds of thousands of casualties. No
               | one would and could stop them from continuing the war on
               | their own but imagine what that would look like.
               | 
               | And the result for the West is a stronger, hostile Russia
               | with deepening ties to China, North Korea etc. Strategic
               | failure.
               | 
               | >Zelenski is depicted as a war criminal
               | 
               | No. What we saw was a noisy attempt by the US to salvage
               | its strategic failure in Ukraine/Russia. Russians weren't
               | fooled. It failed.
        
               | twixfel wrote:
               | Eh, money well spent tbh. Alternative, letting Russia
               | just win, is worse. Give no quarter to fascism. We learnt
               | that in the 30s.
               | 
               | PS russia isn't stronger lol.
        
               | rainworld wrote:
               | Yes, bleedingly obvious that you people do not care about
               | Ukraine and Ukrainians at all. You just hate Russia.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | I personally don't care about ukraine nor ukrainians; I
               | have no stake in the game.
               | 
               | But I think all humans are fundamentally the same and
               | when I see a bunch of humans fighting for their freedom I
               | can _understand_ them. I _understand_ their motivations.
               | 
               | I also _understand_ the imperialistic motivations. I
               | _understand_ russian need for status and pride and their
               | relationship with their grandiose past. I _understand_
               | all these emotions. All these emotions are exploited by
               | various interests, sure, but nevertheless without those
               | emotions of the masses war couldn 't happen.
               | 
               | What irks me is when people do not want to put themselves
               | in the clothes of somebody else at all, an d just
               | conclude that one group of people is not entitled to have
               | a given emotion. So Ukraine is not entitled to defend
               | themselves because <insert_some_rational_reason> but
               | russia is entitled to defend their separatists because
               | <insert_some_rational_reason>.
               | 
               | It's the double standard that irks me.
               | 
               | I think we can agree that war is shit and everybody would
               | be better off without it.
               | 
               | But, no, that's not the proposed alternative. The
               | proposed alternative is that a group of people, in this
               | case the Ukrainians, effectively surrender and become
               | diminished. Future generations of russians will look at
               | them and say "we're justified in treating you ask shit
               | because after all we won and you lost". This happened
               | over and over in history. Hell, this is why most white
               | supremacists think they are the chosen ones, because
               | whites conquered.
               | 
               | So how should I judge the people who want to defend
               | themselves? I honestly cannot blame them from trying
               | their best.
        
               | rainworld wrote:
               | No, you're still not getting it. This "double standard"
               | is a figment of your imagination, it doesn't exist.
               | Roughly every country on Earth acknowledges Ukraine's
               | _right_ to self-defense. A large number of them is
               | materially supporting Ukraine.
               | 
               | They are free to defend themselves till the bitter end.
               | No one is stopping them. And, theatrics aside, support
               | isn't ceasing either.
               | 
               | But they're not winning. There's no _right_ to that.
        
               | twixfel wrote:
               | If you cared about Russian and Ukrainian lives then you
               | would be arguing for Russia to leave immediately. Only
               | Russia can end this war, by retreating back to the
               | internationally recognised borders.
               | 
               | Russia has "vital interests" that the whole world is,
               | according to Russian imperialists such as yourself,
               | obliged to bend over backwards to accommodate.
               | 
               | Well, guess what, we Europeans have vital interests too.
               | Our vital interest is a free and independent Ukraine.
               | Russia is not the only country with interests, you know!
               | 
               | So: get over it.
        
               | rainworld wrote:
               | Don't tell mopsi but I'm not actually Russian.
               | 
               |  _Our_ vital interest is cheap energy and a peaceful
               | near-abroad.
               | 
               | Not _our_ vital interest:
               | https://static.dw.com/image/17298012_1004.webp
        
               | twixfel wrote:
               | I disagree completely. The revival of the Russian empire
               | is not in the interest of Europe. In no universe would it
               | ever be. It's obvious really.
        
               | mopsi wrote:
               | > I'm not actually Russian. /---/ near-abroad.
               | 
               | A leopard cannot change its spots:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_abroad
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | I'm not talking about whether you guys should give him
               | money.
               | 
               | But it's totally normal for a country to try to defend
               | itself.
               | 
               | I honestly don't understand why people seem to ignore
               | this angle and just keep talking about budget and money
               | and foreign interests and nato and what not.
               | 
               | Ok, you don't want to give Ukraine money for their
               | defence, FINE, do not give them money!
               | 
               | But why do you have to frame it as zelenski is corrupt,
               | traitor, murderer, boogyman or whatever.
               | 
               | No normal leader of a country being invaded would be
               | expected to surrender their country. They would have been
               | hanged by their own people.
               | 
               | What I find infuriating about this discourse is the
               | double standard. At the same time the american right is
               | absolutely going bezerk over "immigrant invasion" and
               | when some other people suffer an invasion "nah, I don't
               | see the problem, they will just get along fine if they
               | surrender".
               | 
               | You're free to spend your money as you wish, but it's the
               | total lack of empathy (about this and other causes) that
               | rubs me the wrong way.
        
               | rainworld wrote:
               | Your understanding of matters of war and state is
               | juvenile. I encourage you to ignore the spectacle (to
               | follow it is an almost complete waste of time anyway),
               | and read some old books about even older wars.
               | 
               | >just keep talking about budget and money and foreign
               | interests and nato and what not.
               | 
               | Because that's what it's about. War is a murder machine
               | with an enormous appetite. Moral justifications are
               | usually post-hoc, seldom driving, and certainly never
               | exclusive.
        
               | mopsi wrote:
               | > You're free to spend your money as you wish, but it's
               | the total lack of empathy (about this and other causes)
               | that rubs me the wrong way.
               | 
               | You are not talking to an American, but to a Russian
               | imperialist, and a very stereotypcal one at that.
               | Extremely cynical and utterly devoid of decency, because
               | for generations, the most moral and decent people have
               | ended up in penal camps. As for the rest rest - you just
               | saw a fine specimen. All that cynicism is meant to give
               | the impression of independent thinking (primarily to
               | themselves), but at the end of the day, they're just
               | parroting state propaganda and goosestepping to the tune
               | coming from the Kremlin. And when their country
               | inevitably degrades once again to the point where little
               | children are forced to prostitute themselves for food as
               | the economically unsustainable imperialistic wars
               | backfire, they will blame you and me for it, because it's
               | always someone else's fault. This self-destructive loop
               | has been going on for many centuries and is the main
               | reason why no one in Europe bordering Russia can stand
               | them. People sincerely dream of an ocean between Europe
               | and China.
               | 
               | From time to time, some countries in Europe have tried to
               | reason with Russian imperialism. Timothy Snyder's
               | "Bloodlands" offers a vivid depiction of how that went:
               | https://www.amazon.com/dp/0465031471
        
               | rainworld wrote:
               | Thanks, mopsi, I'm flattered. Have to say, though, I
               | don't think your valiant and steadfast defense of
               | Ukraine's e-turf makes as much of a difference as you
               | think it does. Therefore I'd like you to consider putting
               | your feet where your fingertips are:
               | https://www.ildu.com.ua Every warm body makes a
               | difference!
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Hundreds of thousands of casualties for Russia too.
               | Haven't they considered just stopping?
               | 
               | Ukraine as client police state is not a casualty free
               | environment either. Really the war started when pro-
               | Russian security services killed over a hundred
               | protesters at Euromaidan, back in 2014.
               | 
               | Someone who genuinely cared about Russian lives, rather
               | than just the regime or contrarianism, would want the
               | Russians to pull out immediately like the Americans out
               | of Afghanistan.
        
               | rainworld wrote:
               | >Haven't they considered just stopping?
               | 
               | We don't have to speculate. They've just presented to
               | Ukraine and published their conditions for ceasefire or
               | settlement.
               | 
               | The reaction suggests Ukraine/the West would rather
               | continue. Of course, demands will only increase.
               | 
               | > Really the war started with Euromaidan
               | 
               | Sure it wasn't when Ukrainian nationalists burned 42
               | people to death in Odessa?
               | 
               | >regime, pull out
               | 
               | Ah, but Ukraine/the West were given so many opportunities
               | to settle this peacefully. Even the March 2023 settlement
               | (which has been published) was dangerously generous, for
               | said regime. But peace was not on Western leaders' mind.
               | They wanted something else.
               | 
               | (Preposterous to compare Ukraine/Russia with
               | Afghanistan/US.)
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Russia can unilaterally retreat inside their
               | international borders at any time.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Cried wolf situation, I suppose. Because the occupation
               | of Afghanistan and Iraq was illegitimate and failed,
               | therefore supporting Ukraine is bad (ignoring the totally
               | different facts of the different situation).
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Also the exact same politicians and party that was so
               | fucking Gung Ho at bombing the middle east (not even
               | picking a country!) that you were "Unamerican" for not
               | believing straight up lies by the administration (that
               | nobody went to jail for) are the ones crying about
               | defending a Sovereign nation being unilaterally invaded
               | in Europe.
               | 
               | They are also tee-ing us up to attack Iran, and have
               | provably spent money attacking Houthis despite knowing
               | that Europe would take care of themselves.
               | 
               | They are full of shit and they know it. They do not care.
        
               | username332211 wrote:
               | Never-mind that, there's every indication this one is in
               | fact yet another bad one.
               | 
               | The Taliban didn't return to power in Afghanistan,
               | because the war was unjust according to international
               | law, or morally repugnant or any of that. That has never
               | mattered. And it won't ever matter.
               | 
               | The Taliban won because American strategy was defective
               | from the start. While great victories with thousands of
               | Taliban getting massacred were common, none of those
               | contributed the destruction of the Taliban or any other
               | strategic objective. There had been minimal effort to
               | learn from the failures of Vietnam and the idea of
               | learning from British victories against the insurgents in
               | Malaya and South Africa was unthinkable.
               | 
               | And the situation in Ukraine gives every indication of
               | being similar. The Ukrainian side conducts ambitious
               | operations, some of them impressive successes, but ever
               | since the summer of 2023, victory only seems to be
               | getting more distant as time goes by.
        
               | ttshaw1 wrote:
               | Why, because Russia can grind out a village a week?
               | Ukraine is inflicting disproportionate losses and is
               | supplied to the hilt by Europe, while Russia's moving
               | closer every day to a Potemkin economy.
        
               | username332211 wrote:
               | Ukraine is inflicting massively disproportionate losses.
               | Meanwhile, Ukraine does very aggressive conscription
               | while Russia mostly deploys volunteers and only resorted
               | to reservists in 2022 in an emergency. It doesn't really
               | add up, does it.
               | 
               | And the collapse of the Russian economy will happen any
               | day now for the past 3 years.
               | 
               | After 20 years of being told the military leadership of
               | the western world had COIN all figured out, you're going
               | to have to give people something more than a prayer that
               | the enemy's economy will collapse all of a sudden. Proud
               | ignorance of the basic facts of the field or of the enemy
               | won't procure much public support any more.
        
               | ttshaw1 wrote:
               | Of course Ukraine conscripts, they're in a war for their
               | survival. They aren't drafting anyone under 25, by the
               | way, so it's not as dire as you seem to think. And
               | Russia's beating people and throwing them in pits if they
               | won't sign contracts to go to Ukraine, so it's not all
               | roses over there.
               | 
               | It's not at all unreasonable to think that Ukraine can
               | continue ceding ground and shredding Ladas full of mobiks
               | until Putin kicks the bucket, or the Russian economy
               | collapses. A healthy economy doesn't have a 20% key
               | interest rate for 8 months straight, you know. We've
               | already seen one large-scale mutiny in the Russian armed
               | forces, too, so who knows what else might happen?
               | 
               | You haven't proposed any sort of alternative to
               | continuing to arm and fund Ukraine. What's your idea, cut
               | them off and say "good luck?" How does that benefit
               | anyone besides Russia and the minority of Ukrainians who
               | don't want to fight?
               | 
               | edit: if you're thinking that I care about the financial
               | cost of arming Ukraine, I don't. This is the best money
               | we've ever spent and the only time I've respected our
               | MIC, and I wish we were sending more weapons and more
               | financial support. Every time Ukraine spends $100,000 of
               | aid destroying a piece of Russian armor, that's saving us
               | god knows how much in money spent on deterrence.
        
               | dh2022 wrote:
               | What American-Vietnam war and American-Afganistan war had
               | in common was counterinsurgency of the opposing forces
               | embedded with local population (VietCong embedded with
               | local south Vietnamese villagers; Taliban embedded with
               | Afghan villagers). This broke the war for Americans. (If
               | we are pedantic we can observe a similar situation in the
               | second American-Iraqi war with similar outcome for
               | Americans)
               | 
               | This situation is not present in the Russo-Ukrainian war.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Boris Johnson contributed to untold damage to the UK with
             | covid and brexit.
             | 
             | But his actions with Ukraine were unimpeachable. As a
             | populist leader throwing immediate public support (I think
             | he was the first foreign leader to go to Kyiv, certainly
             | one of the first) it kneecapped the Useful Idiots like
             | Farage.
        
               | hermitcrab wrote:
               | Agreed. It is the only worthwhile thing Johnson has done
               | in his miserable life.
        
               | roryirvine wrote:
               | It was actually Ursula von der Leyen who was first,
               | arriving in Kyiv the day before Johnson's visit (neither
               | of them were aware of the other's travel plans, for
               | security reasons).
               | 
               | It is fair to say that Boris did end up forming a
               | particularly strong bond with Zelenskyy, though if you
               | wanted to be cynical you might perhaps point out that two
               | of his three subsequent visits to Kyiv coincided with
               | some of the trickiest moments in the Partygate scandal,
               | and allowed him to get out of events that would likely
               | have proven embarrassing for him.
        
             | mlinhares wrote:
             | The average American (like the average citizen of almost
             | any other country) doesn't care about this in general and
             | needs leadership to sway their opinion one way or another.
             | If the leaders don't care, they hold enough power and
             | visibility to make it moot and get people to care about
             | other things, like inflation, price of eggs or immigrants
             | stealing their jobs.
             | 
             | People have this thinking nations have these widely shared
             | opinions when they don't, the politics and visible leaders
             | are the ones shaping public opinion.
        
               | freeopinion wrote:
               | I think your main point is valid, but the pedantic in me
               | struggles with your wording. I think the point you are
               | tring to make is this:
               | 
               | Nations don't have a single shared opinion even if they
               | have a single shared action.
               | 
               | It frusrates me that the people of Russia allow their
               | country to continue its aggression even in the face of
               | such staggering losses. I can't understand their
               | thinking. Then I remind myself that there is not just a
               | single brain called Russia. There is not even just a
               | single brain in the leadership of Russia.
               | 
               | I suspect that the percentage of US voters that support
               | Ukraine is pretty high. A quick internet seach tells me
               | that Pres. Trump's current approval rating is well below
               | 50%. But I suspect support for impeachment is very much
               | lower than that and support for a coup is practically
               | non-existent.
               | 
               | It makes sense to me that the same holds in Russia. Tens
               | of thousands of Russians each month lose a
               | husband/son/father/brother in this war. Some may blame
               | Ukraine and want revenge. Some may feel some patriotic or
               | nationalistic justification for their loss. Others may
               | hate Putin for it. Still others may convert to pacifism.
               | But there seems little evidence that there is any will to
               | do what it takes to challenge the power that keeps
               | sending thousands more to their death. A very small
               | percent of the population can continue to inflict this
               | horror on all of Russia.
               | 
               | I would love to believe that there are voices even within
               | Putin's hearing that quietly but consistently advocate
               | for peace and somehow don't get removed. Imagine that
               | there are people who make a point of never publicly
               | falling out, but once a week hand deliver a note about
               | improved GDP if Russia ended the invasion. Or they
               | verbally suggest seaside resorts that could host old-
               | fashioned vacations if they weren't in a war zone. Or
               | they ponder out loud how much better the domestic auto
               | industry could be if some of the military spending were
               | diverted. Imagine the combined efforts of a few people to
               | make sure Putin gets one subtle peacemaker message each
               | day.
               | 
               | Please don't condemn all Russians. And please don't
               | condemn all USians. And certainly please don't condemn
               | all Americans. I don't know how much the average American
               | cares, but I for one hope it is more than zero.
        
         | dblangford wrote:
         | I would love to see something like The Great Egg Race back on
         | TV instead of another series of Celebrities doing things Badly.
         | Robot Wars is the closest we've been I suppose.
        
           | ljf wrote:
           | I used to love 'Scrap Heap Challenge' - brilliant Sunday TV
           | (mixed with an episode of Time Team too!)
        
         | arethuza wrote:
         | Seems like a good excuse to mention the Commando Memorial near
         | Spean Bridge:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commando_Memorial
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The picture at the top shows the monument itself, but it's
           | even more impressive in context as it's on top of a treeless
           | moorland hill, surrounded by incredible views.
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | I took a photo of the statue years ago. A friend told me that
           | he knew an old gent who has been in the commandos and was a
           | model for one of the figures in the statue. But he had never
           | seen the statue. So I was able to give him a copy of the
           | photo to pass on to him.
           | 
           | Fancy having a statue of yourself and never bother going to
           | see it!
        
             | arethuza wrote:
             | That makes me think about this gentleman:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDGHKyB3T_U
        
         | physicsguy wrote:
         | On top of that, soldiers from the US were billeted all over the
         | place.
        
         | Yeul wrote:
         | There are still remnants of the Atlantik wall in the
         | Netherlands. The Germans demolished the entire coastline- and
         | made hundreds of thousands of people homeless.
         | 
         | An invasion of the Netherlands was never likely considering it
         | is a swamp in which tanks cannot operate with rivers and canals
         | every few kilometers. Ironically the very last place in Europe
         | that was liberated because the Allies bypassed it in their
         | drive to the Ruhr.
        
       | icameron wrote:
       | There's good footage of actual tests about 40 seconds into this
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJQqXXENYsI
        
       | sevensor wrote:
       | Nevil Shute is worth a read. Best known for _On The Beach_ ,
       | probably, but I enjoyed _Round the Bend_ more.
        
         | emmelaich wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevil_Shute
         | 
         |  _A Town Like Alice_ is probably the most popular in Australia,
         | where he resided after the war. Also made into a good movie.
        
       | arandomusername wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | elephant81 wrote:
         | https://www.neilobrien.co.uk/p/the-confluence?utm_medium=ios
         | Tyler Cowen posted this last week, I was completely shocked by
         | it. Worth reading on the state of the UK in general.
        
           | HK-NC wrote:
           | Isnt what hes saying super naughty? I know Kier Starmer
           | changed his tune lately regarding immigration, I'm just not
           | used to reading or hearing people talk aboit these things
           | without an air of secrecy.
        
         | veqq wrote:
         | > 90 percent of the American people stated that they would
         | rather loose [sic] the war than give full equality to the
         | American Negroes
         | 
         | from Greenberg's Troubling the Waters about Black-Jewish
         | relations.
        
           | FridayoLeary wrote:
           | it's unfair to hold people from the past to our moral
           | standards. I'm sure that in 50 years they will be appalled at
           | some of the things we do. Society progresses. Hopefully.
        
         | tomhow wrote:
         | We detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44219711 and marked it off
         | topic.
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | There's an episode of the 1970s BBC documentary series "The
       | Secret War" about the miscellaneous technology projects that
       | sound obviously crazy now, or may have been cancelled to soon:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJCF-Ufapu8&t=8883s
       | 
       | The whole series is worth a watch, including episodes on radio
       | location finding, radar and radar jamming, Jet engines, the V1/V2
       | rockets, and Ultra/Enigma etc. Many of the participants (both
       | British and German) are interviewed - including Albert Speer.
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | It is interesting how the Germans made all these spectacular
         | high tech weapons (V1, V2, rocket planes etc) and yet it was
         | the less flashy Allied tech advances that made the difference
         | (cavity magnetron, early computers, proximity fuses etc).
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Electronic warfare in WWII was a competition and it looks
           | like the US/UK had the upper hand because, in retrospect,
           | they won the war. Germans were ahead in some areas, not least
           | magnetic tape
           | 
           | https://historictech.com/a-secret-ww2-american-hi-fi-tape-
           | re...
        
             | hermitcrab wrote:
             | Germany had a lot of top scientists and engineers. But I'm
             | not sure I can see how mag tape would be a war winning
             | weapon in the way that radar, early computers or proximity
             | fuses were.
             | 
             | Of course, Germany booted out loads of Jewish scientists.
             | Many of whom ended up doing important work for the Allies -
             | not least on the atom bomb.
        
       | hoseja wrote:
       | What a silly gadget.
       | 
       | Also by the way the Normandy beaches were NOT fortified with
       | bunkers very much at all (unlike what you might have seen in
       | Saving Private Ryan), just trenches and sandbags. A large portion
       | of Omaha beach casualties were inflicted by a single machine gun
       | nest: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Severloh
        
         | dwroberts wrote:
         | > Severloh's claim is not viewed as credible by either US or
         | German historians
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | > Also by the way the Normandy beaches were NOT fortified with
         | bunkers very much at all
         | 
         | I'm not sure if you mean there were not many bunkers or they
         | weren't very good fortifications, but there are quite a few
         | bunkers, for example: https://www.normandybunkers.com/bunker-
         | sites
        
         | cobbzilla wrote:
         | The article mentions speculation that the whole project may
         | have been part of a larger ruse that the landing would be in a
         | more fortified place.
        
       | j00pY wrote:
       | Near to where I live, there are the remnants of test concrete
       | walls that were used to assess the best way to blow them up.
       | Apparently people snuck over, took some samples of the concrete
       | to recreate how it was made, and then constructed lots of
       | sections of this wall--which they would then use to test their
       | explosives against.
       | 
       | https://surreyhills.org/places-to-see/atlantic-wall/
        
         | robin_reala wrote:
         | Huh, that's really not far from where I grew up, and I had no
         | idea it existed.
        
       | anentropic wrote:
       | I am sympathetic to the idea that this was intended as a
       | misdirection
       | 
       | The flaws in the design seem reasonably obvious - any imbalance
       | in the thrust of the multiple rockets on each wheel causing an
       | unwanted steering effect. Also the high centre of gravity and
       | narrow track width seem poorly chosen when stability would surely
       | be desirable.
       | 
       | A mobile Catherine Wheel seems more designed to attract as much
       | attention as possible...
        
       | hermitcrab wrote:
       | The USA also had it's own mad weapons:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_bomb
        
       | thenthenthen wrote:
       | I am quite curious about the etymology behind the name
       | 'Panjandrum', It is not explained in the article IIRC.
       | Furthermore, the article writes about the improbability of
       | homing/self-stearing devices, again IIRC flight navigation around
       | this time already made use of known radio broadcasts for
       | direction finding before the war (Amelia Earhart), did they
       | research this or was it to unreliable.. because said war (jamming
       | etc)?
        
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       (page generated 2025-06-09 23:02 UTC)