[HN Gopher] Hate Radio (2011)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Hate Radio (2011)
        
       Author : thomassmith65
       Score  : 135 points
       Date   : 2025-06-07 14:22 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (rwandanstories.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (rwandanstories.org)
        
       | thomassmith65 wrote:
       | Apparently the music of Simon Bikindi was a favorite of RTLMC.
       | After the genocide, the International Criminal Tribunal for
       | Rwanda indicted him. His details also make interesting reading:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Bikindi
        
         | dav_Oz wrote:
         | An interesting read on that topic an nyt-article from 2002
         | "killer songs"
         | 
         | https://archive.ph/fy9SC
        
       | copx wrote:
       | Something more people should know about the Rwandan genocide is
       | that the Tutsi were not innocent victims but had previously
       | committed genocide themselves - against the Hutu
       | [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiza].
       | 
       | The hate of the Hutu was not artificially created by some
       | "extremists" with a radio station, but was and is instead the
       | result of the long and bloody history between these two peoples
       | where neither side can claim to be the innocent victim.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | The dynamic here is the Tutsi were considered superior (taller,
         | thinner noses, lighter skin) by the colonizers and made up most
         | of the ruling class during and after colonialism. Pre-
         | colonization these groups were genuinely fluid. The genocide
         | was essentially an uprising.
        
           | mike-the-mikado wrote:
           | Rwanda was under German, then a Belgian rule. I don't believe
           | Britain was involved.
        
             | dyauspitr wrote:
             | Yes you're right.
        
           | at-w wrote:
           | Rwanda was never colonized by the British.
        
           | lurk2 wrote:
           | > Pre-colonization these groups were genuinely fluid.
           | 
           | Where did you read this? I've seen many people make this
           | claim but I've never seen any evidence that it's true. The
           | only source I have found for it is Philip Gourevitch's book
           | "We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with
           | Our Families"
           | 
           | I could not find the actual page where this claim is
           | ostensibly made, just an unsourced claim that the identity
           | cards made such mobility impossible. A similar claim is often
           | made about the caste system in India (which gets attributed
           | to the British), and the scholarship there is similarly very
           | poor.
        
             | dyauspitr wrote:
             | "Rwanda and Burundi" (1970) by Rene Lemarchand
             | 
             | Quote "Tutsi and Hutu distinctions were more occupational
             | than ethnic, with intermarriage and status change being
             | fairly common."
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | Will take a look. Thanks.
        
         | brookst wrote:
         | It is very wrong to look at murdered children of one group and
         | say they're not innocent because their grandparents were
         | killers.
         | 
         | This conflation of group and individual responsibility is at
         | the heart of pretty much every atrocity.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Indeed, but it seems widespread.
           | 
           | Even the trial against a musician who incited violence argues
           | in that direction.
           | 
           | "In addition to other evidence, the prosecution cited a song
           | celebrating the abolition of monarchy and the regaining of
           | independence from 1959 to 1961: a Rwandan expert in the trial
           | later expounded that the latter song could not have been
           | addressed to the Rwandan nation as a whole, because the
           | Tutsis were associated with the Rwandan monarchy and colonial
           | regime, and that it was impossible to hate the monarchy
           | without hating the Tutsis"
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Bikindi#Details
        
         | eviks wrote:
         | What % of the killed Tutsi in Rwanda did themselves kill Hutus
         | as part of the government/army of another country two decades
         | prior?
        
         | energy123 wrote:
         | You're buying into a genocidal mindset of collectivizing an
         | entire ethnic group and assigning collective blame.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | I vouched and upvoted your comment to counter the many
         | downvotes. Like other respondents, I strongly disagree with
         | your conclusion that "neither side can claim to be the innocent
         | victim", but I think the rest is valid context. The reason many
         | Hutus were so easily swayed was because they were afraid of
         | Tutsis effectively doing the same to them, and there was
         | historical precedent of just that.
         | 
         | This is exactly the same story as why Croatians were trying to
         | de-Serb their villages and vice versa. Fear of what the other
         | would do made them do the same, first (or even worse). See also
         | the comment about "Accusation in a mirror" further up.
         | 
         | People often have the idea that the Rwandan genocide was some
         | people spontaneously rising up and killing their neighbours
         | with farming equipment because someone on the radio told them
         | to. You're right that it was more complicated than that.
         | 
         | Still doesn't mean murder victims aren't victims though. They
         | totally are, and they can't be blamed for actions done by other
         | people vaguely similar to them.
        
       | throwanda wrote:
       | Not constrained to Rwanda, the late '80s and early '90s saw the
       | (re-)emergence of this flavor of broadcasting in many places
       | around the world - especially in the US on the AM bands.
       | 
       | Fortunately, the conditions weren't present in the US to speedrun
       | to civil war and genocide. Still, I grew up in Limbaugh-lovin'
       | country during those years and was exposed to this... stuff...
       | for more hours of the day than I care to think about. (In public
       | school! Literally, teachers having Rush and assorted fellow-
       | travellers on in the background while we did our classwork.)
       | 
       | I do not believe for a second that the fact it went different in
       | the US wasn't for lack of trying. The trying hasn't even stopped.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | I never was a regular listener to Rush but if I were driving
         | from Pt A to Pt B in rural America I might find the only thing
         | Icould find reliably from noon to 2pm was an AM radio station
         | that had _The Rush Limbaugh Show_. I tuned in deliberately on
         | Jan 7, 2021, just a few days before Rush passed away, and found
         | he was shocked and aghast at what had happened to the day
         | before... but did not draw the connection to how the culture he
         | created contributed to it.
         | 
         | Korzybski and Van Vogt warned us of "A=A" thinking but today
         | I'm aghast at thinking that can best be described as [?]x,y:
         | x=y. Back in the 1960s you'd expect an article in a Trotskyite
         | newspaper to start with "The Red Sox beat the Yankees" and to
         | end with "... therefore we need a socialist revolution." Today
         | teen girls read _Man 's Search For Meaning_ because they think
         | their school is like a concentration camp, politicians of all
         | stripes [1] are accused of being fascists, and people delude
         | themselves that adding a stripe to a flag will magically
         | transform people into allies. Glomming together all social
         | causes into one big ball has a devastating effect on popular
         | support
         | 
         | https://phys.org/news/2025-06-social-issues-civil-rights-bac...
         | 
         |  _across all demographics._
         | 
         | I disagreed with Rush about most things and thought he had a
         | harmful effect on the nation and the world but I'd never accuse
         | him of advocating genocide. No, being against universal
         | healthcare isn't the same thing as genocide and if you're
         | interested in winning elections you'd be better off spraying
         | random voters with pepper spray than talking this way.
         | 
         | [1] sci-fi writer Charlie Stross made the accusation against
         | Keir Starmer
        
           | brookst wrote:
           | It's going too far to say Rush advocated genocide, but he
           | absolutely preached that all who opposed him were not just
           | wrong but evil, that ends justify means, that people with
           | different views are subhuman.
           | 
           | It's the age-old populist / proto-fascist playbook. He didn't
           | attempt to convince on the merits, but on the argument that
           | those who disagree aren't real people.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | How about
             | 
             | https://www.etsy.com/listing/500290818/we-believe-yard-
             | sign-...
             | 
             | ? Complex issues get distilled into 3 or 4 word slogans
             | with the total effect of suggesting that the person with
             | this lawn sign is superior in every way to people who
             | disagree with her, that there's one exact right way to
             | think about every issue, people who disagree are evil,
             | deluded, subhuman, affected by perverse psychology, etc.
             | You can find people on Mastodon and Bluesky say the most
             | terrible things about the 70% of people who have concerns
             | about transgender athletes in women's sports.
             | 
             | I don't have the numbers to prove it but my belief is that
             | kind of thinking is basically right wing and that putting
             | one of those yard signs in your yard shifts the vote +0.05
             | R or something just as 15 minutes listening to Rush does.
             | Advocating that 99.4% percent of people should just shut up
             | and give 0.6% of people everything the want all the time is
             | what I expect out of Peter Thiel, not the left.
        
               | pstuart wrote:
               | Edit: just waking up.
               | 
               | > suggesting that the person with this lawn sign is
               | superior in every way to people who disagree with her
               | 
               | Da fuq? No, it's a statement of beliefs (which I share).
               | None of it is meant to belittle those that disagree, it's
               | simply stating a belief system.
               | 
               | As opposed to calling Democrats DemonRats and implying
               | that they're all evil and are destroying America?
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | "No human is illegal" are four well-chosen words that
               | would be a meaningless truism _except_ in opposition to
               | the construct of  "illegal alien."
               | 
               | If you thought "Science is Real" you might read something
               | like
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/nov/03/how-
               | migration-...
               | 
               | and understand that the discourse of politically oriented
               | folks about immigration is not at all evidence based.
               | Tacking one cause to another cause tends to work terribly
               | for progressive causes
               | 
               | The best critique of "Science is Real" is the Habermas
               | classic
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimation_Crisis_(book)
               | 
               | which points out a failure mode of our civilization in
               | terms of reconciling expert knowledge, popular
               | participation, and reality which remains unanswered.
        
               | drewbeck wrote:
               | It sounds like you think that any statement of values
               | expresses superiority. Is that correct?
               | 
               | Also, this is something you made up, not something
               | anybody on the left has expressed, and especially not
               | represented by that sign: "Advocating that 99.4% percent
               | of people should just shut up and give 0.6% of people
               | what they want is what I expect out of Peter Thiel, not
               | the left."
        
               | patcon wrote:
               | > not something anybody on the left has expressed
               | 
               | I very much agree with your larger point, but let's be
               | real: Some do. There is a very small and vocal minority
               | fascist-ish left, but this sign is in no way
               | representative of it.
        
               | CalChris wrote:
               | Houle said _the left_. He didn't say _small and very
               | vocal minority_.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | Source: let's be real.
        
               | CalChris wrote:
               | Pre-2016, I might have agreed with you. We shouldn't be
               | so strident. We should be more accepting. Today, yeah,
               | fuck that. You take your +0.05 R and you reconsider your
               | position. I'm fine with mine.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > You can find people on Mastodon and Bluesky say the
               | most terrible things about the 70% of people who have
               | concerns about transgender athletes in women's sports.
               | 
               | I think if this was just an isolated position or opinion
               | it'd be easier to have some charity and understanding.
               | That doesn't seem to be the case.
               | 
               | A good example of this is the international chess
               | federation banning trans women from women's competition.
               | [1] What advantage does higher testosterone offer for
               | someone playing chess? That's where these concerns seem
               | to be more "I just don't want to accommodate trans women"
               | and less "I'm concerned about an unfair advantage".
               | 
               | [1] https://www.npr.org/2023/08/18/1194593562/chess-
               | transgender-...
        
               | bobalob wrote:
               | Chess is male-dominated from childhood onwards, and the
               | women who do play are highly outnumbered by men. So
               | women-only chess clubs and tournaments are a way to try
               | to redress the balance by encouraging women and girls to
               | play.
               | 
               | How does it benefit women to allow men who say they have
               | womanly feelings into such spaces? It doesn't - and
               | that's why they are excluded, along with all other men.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | They are also penalizing trans men. How is that
               | justified?
        
               | bobalob wrote:
               | Women's chess is a protected category. On that basis,
               | FIDE are stating that women who don't want to be women
               | can opt out of that category if they so wish, but men who
               | say they are women cannot opt into it.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | They are talking about someone born with a vagina that
               | identified as a man (a trans man) being banned from men's
               | competitions.
               | 
               | Are you suggesting that men's competitions are protected?
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | I see what you're saying but the issues matter, as well
               | as the delivery.
               | 
               | None of the slogans in that sign should be remotely
               | controversial. Where exactly is the "complex issue"?
               | "Water is life"? "Science is real"? This sign is
               | statement that some issues warrant absolutism - a line in
               | the sand regarding fundamental values. Such a line is an
               | unavoidable feature of any moral framework. The specific
               | values in question are what count.
               | 
               | The real moral fight is "you should care about others" vs
               | "fuck you I got mine", and this is what distinguishes
               | left from right, rather than propensity to nuance.
               | 
               | I upvoted you because I think your comment, while wrong,
               | contributes to the discussion.
        
               | gsf_emergency wrote:
               | How about 2 5-word signs?
               | 
               | https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fi.redd.it%
               | 2F7...
               | 
               | In "reality", the tradeoffs aren't so stark.. (e.g.
               | procrastination & distractions whilst on the path of
               | "wisdom" are worth ~50 miles)
               | 
               | (Got that meme from other upforum sophists)
               | 
               | (Plus a sizable cohort of the lawnowners have an
               | unshakeable faith in the dominance of their sense of
               | humor over "reality" )
               | 
               | The political situation in the Americas, is imho, "just"
               | the Monroe Doctrine reaping it's mimetic oats: US WASPs
               | making their ancestral values the fount of honor in W
               | Hemi => LatAm its political arrangements viable in the US
               | via guerilla psyops (pop culture, Catholicism, etc etc).
               | 
               | Caricature: Bezos vs Thiel (note the swap of cultural
               | affiliations)
        
           | owlninja wrote:
           | I think you mean 2021 by the way.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | Good catch! I fixed it.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | He may not have advocated for genocide, but he did a lot to
           | create a polarized political environment where anyone to his
           | left was at best ridiculed and more often demonized. His
           | general rhetorical strategy was to find some extreme example
           | of something on the left, exaggerate it and then attribute
           | his distorted version to everyone to his left. It made him a
           | lot of money and led the way to Fox News which took it to
           | even greater extremes.
        
           | RajT88 wrote:
           | > I tuned in deliberately on Jan 7, 2021, just a few days
           | before Rush passed away, and found he was shocked and aghast
           | at what had happened to the day before... but did not draw
           | the connection to how the culture he created contributed to
           | it.
           | 
           | That's kind of his thing. He's complained about drug addicts
           | and perverts, but yet he was a prescription junkie, and also
           | got caught flying to the Dominican Republic with a bunch of
           | Viagra and condoms in his suitcase.
           | 
           | Even if he was acutely aware of the connection between his
           | rhetoric and Jan. 6 events, it would probably bother him not
           | at all and he'd refuse to acknowledge it unless forced to
           | face it (like with his drug woes).
        
           | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
           | > I'd never accuse him of advocating genocide
           | 
           | I heard he celebrated AIDS deaths on air, which is disgusting
           | behavior
        
             | evan_ wrote:
             | Yes he had a recurring segment where he read obituaries of
             | gay men who'd died of AIDS in a mock-sappy voice set to
             | disco music.
        
               | StefanBatory wrote:
               | I don't understand how anyone can listen to that and come
               | out with clear conscience. "Yes, this is someone I want
               | to listen to."
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | Oh, I can explain it pretty easily.
               | 
               | I listened to rush a fair bit. It started because he was
               | my father's favorite broadcaster when I was a child and
               | it continued on into my early 20s.
               | 
               | One thing that rush did in an excellent way was making
               | you feel like you were smart, special, and inherently in
               | the right by listening to him and supporting him. It was
               | much like listening to a preacher if you have any sort of
               | religious upbringing (which I did).
               | 
               | And while rush did primarily work at demonizing people,
               | he often demonized "the right people". Primarily
               | democrats. He also knew his audience well and did a great
               | job of hyping the "us v them" notions. He knew a lot of
               | his audience was rural, for example, so he'd spend a good
               | amount of time talking about how much more wise country
               | folk and truck drivers were vs people that live and work
               | in the cities. He had an answer for why things were bad,
               | it's the unions, feminists, democrats, muslims, big
               | government, clinton, obama, socialists, communists, etc.
               | He could always give a reason why something was bad and
               | would expressly tell his audience "You don't need to look
               | into this, because listening to me will make you smarter
               | than any college professor". He trained his audience to
               | explicitly trust him.
               | 
               | And, frankly, he could be both funny and entertaining to
               | listen to. He'd take in calls and had a good delay that
               | allowed him to only air the dumbest liberals on the
               | planet. He was further not afraid of simply hanging up on
               | them and calling them morons if they ever started to get
               | the upper hand in a conversation.
               | 
               | It also helped that in terms of broadcasting, he was
               | infinitely accessible. I, in rural idaho, had really easy
               | access to him because radio stations carried him. AFAIK,
               | the most left wing broadcast in idaho in my youth was
               | NPR. Which, today I find laughable that I thought of it
               | as "leftist".
        
           | keybored wrote:
           | > No, being against universal healthcare isn't the same thing
           | as genocide and if you're interested in winning elections
           | you'd be better off spraying random voters with pepper spray
           | than talking this way.
           | 
           | How popular is universal healthcare in America?
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | According to the latest poll data I was able to find on
             | Google (from 2024), about 2/3rds of Americans support
             | universal healthcare[0]. At the very least, one can
             | confidently say a majority of Americans per capita support
             | it.
             | 
             | That said, the American political apparatus is designed
             | such that the votes of rural conservatives (who tend to
             | oppose it) count more than elsewhere, so that doesn't
             | actually matter.
             | 
             | [0]https://news.gallup.com/poll/654101/health-coverage-
             | governme...
        
         | CalChris wrote:
         | > speedrun to civil war
         | 
         | Well there was the OKC Federal Building bombing. Timothy
         | McVeigh was a dedicated dittohead.
        
           | bloomingeek wrote:
           | Indeed! Okie here, Rush, Newt and Rove absolutely destroyed
           | the Republican party. With their lies and hatred of anyone
           | not like them, they duped an entire generation.
        
         | energy123 wrote:
         | What many in the US don't have conceptual familiarity with is
         | pre-genocidal speech. Historically and empirically, the actual
         | call to violence only happens at the end of a long period of
         | collectivizing dehumanization via media, when people are
         | already pliable for it. In my view, those causal antecedents to
         | genocide should be illegal due to their historically proven
         | connection to genocide. This speech is more dangerous and leads
         | to more dead bodies than other types of speech which are
         | already illegal, like isolated calls to individual violence or
         | libel.
        
           | tehjoker wrote:
           | You make some good points but the problem is these efforts
           | are usually bankrolled by well connected right wingers, so
           | the state will not enforce the law unless there has
           | effectively been a socialist revolution that deprives the
           | right of power and money almost completely.
        
             | api wrote:
             | ... because nominally socialist movements have never
             | committed genocide? Go read Gulag Archipelago or listen to
             | the recent Behind the Bastards podcast on Pol Pot.
             | 
             | It seems to be something humans do, a kind of tribal
             | warfare or "raiding" program deep in the brain stem that
             | can be activated. Nobody has a monopoly on it. It seems
             | possible to activate these behaviors with any pattern of
             | rhetoric that dehumanizes a group of people and creates a
             | powerful in group out group schism. That can be framed in
             | any way -- right wing, left wing, anything.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | When a group is worried the 'music is going to stop' and
               | is trying to make sure they have a chair reserved, is
               | when this typically happens.
               | 
               | And frankly - it's deeply embedded in human nature
               | because in a resource constrained environment, it's what
               | works.
        
               | api wrote:
               | I used the term _raiding_ because this is what it's
               | called in chimps, our closest genetic relatives. This is
               | primate behavior.
               | 
               | The proto-genocidal rhetoric you are hearing in the US
               | right now is probably linked to fear that in the near
               | future nobody below, say, the top 10% of the ability
               | curve, will have a job. So close the borders and kick out
               | "outsiders" and go after minorities. Chimp behavior.
               | 
               | By that I don't mean to say these people are uniquely
               | dumb. My point is that this is brain stem encoded
               | behavior that can be triggered in all humans.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Well, and encoded that way because it works by many
               | definitions of the word.
               | 
               | And can you say they are for sure wrong?
        
               | energy123 wrote:
               | You could argue it's a maladaptation in a modern setting,
               | now that many non-zero-sum games are available, and now
               | that existential risks are a thing. It worked by many
               | definitions of the word in ancestral environment which
               | was very different to the modern environment. Our brains
               | are now trying to apply those chimp heuristics in an
               | environment that they're not designed for.
        
               | api wrote:
               | That's exactly what I would argue, and in addition to the
               | X-risks (global thermonuclear war etc.) it's also a giant
               | source of unnecessary human misery and massive waste of
               | resources.
               | 
               | In many cases the resources we spend hoarding and raiding
               | and doing other chimp things could make us all 2X or more
               | wealthier if we did not fight.
               | 
               | Right now the US is spending billions of debt financed
               | dollars to rid itself of people who want to become tax
               | paying citizens because they have brown skin. A beyond
               | human intelligence would look at this the way we look at
               | ant mills.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_mill
               | 
               | "Just quit circling." But I'm sure circling forever feels
               | right and proper in the belly, or whatever the ant's
               | equivalent of deep feelings of rightness feel like.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | The issue is that once you're fighting someone with a
               | zero-sum mindset, it's easy for the non-zero sum mindset
               | to screw you.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | Look over the comment you replied to and you'll see that
               | they didn't say that socialist movements have never been
               | violent. Is a socialist revolution not violent?
               | 
               | Of course when people are confronted with the fact that
               | the right-wing foment violence in order to protect their
               | interests we're right back to quasi-psychology about
               | original sin a la some Canadian called Bernt. "It's all
               | the same man"
        
             | shortrounddev2 wrote:
             | I think socialist revolutions have killed more "out group"
             | members than any political/religious movement in human
             | history
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | Debatable. Capitalism has a kill count of 100 million and
               | shows no signs of slowing down. Death counts linked to
               | capitalism and neoliberalism are cumulative, indirect,
               | and often undercounted because they manifest as "normal"
               | outcomes of policy: poverty, malnutrition, or ecological
               | collapse. Capitalism and neoliberalism externalize death
               | ie: they make it appear as an individual or national
               | failure, not a systemic one.
        
               | shortrounddev2 wrote:
               | Source? Liberalization since the 1970s (so called
               | "neoliberalism") has lifted more people out of poverty
               | than any economic system in human history. ~60% of all
               | humans lived in extreme poverty in 1970, and less than
               | 10% do today. This period coincided with the expansion of
               | free trade, deregulation of markets, modernization of
               | monetary policy, and, perhaps most notably, the downfall
               | of communism. I'd say capitalism is a net positive
               | compared to what we had before, and especially compared
               | to the alternative
        
               | tehjoker wrote:
               | Most of the recent improvements have come from china
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | You're shifting the frame. The original question was
               | about cumulative deaths, direct or indirect, linked to
               | systems like socialism or capitalism, not about which one
               | produced more GDP growth. Pointing to poverty reduction
               | doesn't erase the structural harms capitalism has caused
               | or the millions who've died from preventable conditions
               | under regimes that prioritized market logic over human
               | need.
               | 
               | You can't ethically "net out" human deaths with economic
               | gains. That treats lives as statistical noise in a
               | profit-loss spreadsheet. It's not just bad morality, it's
               | bad history too.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | The like-for-like comparison would be other political
               | movements.
        
               | shortrounddev2 wrote:
               | Historically, socialist governments such as the Soviet
               | union or peoples Republic of China have behaved more
               | similarly to religious movements than political
               | movements. The cultural revolution has more in common
               | with the Spanish inquisition than it does with the US
               | labor movement.
        
           | ryeats wrote:
           | This is a good example of hate speech. You are dehumanizing
           | people of the US saying they don't conceptual understand
           | morality and can't decide for themselves what is morally
           | wrong or right.
        
             | bloomingeek wrote:
             | Oh my, do explain further!
        
             | cjfd wrote:
             | They can understand morality but have chosen not to. They
             | can decide what is morally wrong and right and then have
             | chosen wrong and have decided not to care about it.
        
               | ryeats wrote:
               | I was being ironic, because their is an actual honest
               | disagreement about morality but not being able to talk
               | about it because it's considered by a some to be hate
               | speech doesn't make it go away.
               | 
               | If flat earthers can't talk about a flat earth then no
               | one will dissuade them of the notion.
        
             | breppp wrote:
             | good thing the good old belgians know how to spot a
             | genocide in africa
        
           | prosody wrote:
           | When I read about the leak of the new Meta internal guidance
           | for content moderation[1], my first thought was that the only
           | things they banned were likely things that they understood to
           | be pre-genocidal speech (eg comparisons of a group to
           | vermin). Rules that seem kind of arbitrary to a modern
           | western audience but which click in place if you look at
           | propaganda that was issued during historical genocides.
           | 
           | [1] https://theintercept.com/2025/01/09/facebook-instagram-
           | meta-...
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | I wouldn't even say it went differently, yet. So far it has
         | only gone slower. A big chunk of the population now believes
         | that "liberals" are Satan-worshipping baby killers thanks to
         | decades of this propaganda.
        
         | seattle_spring wrote:
         | > especially in the US on the AM bands.
         | 
         | That sort of show is still alive and well in the US, it's just
         | moved from AM to podcasts.
        
         | Yeul wrote:
         | What saved America for a very long time is the existence of
         | blue states and red states. Neither side actually had to really
         | live with eachother.
         | 
         | This is the difference with Rwanda and Yugoslavia. The people
         | you hate lived next door.
        
           | joshuanapoli wrote:
           | I'm not sure that's really the case. Most states have a
           | pretty good mix of Democrats and Republicans.
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | Yes. Even the solidly Blue or Red states tend to be 55-45
             | in elections. A few extreme states might be 60-40. It
             | really is more of an urban-rural divide with the suburbs
             | deciding which way the state leans overall.
        
           | rendall wrote:
           | All States are various shades of purple.
        
         | mindcandy wrote:
         | I still remember from over 20 years ago I was sitting in the
         | kitchen talking to my grandmother. She was smoking and had some
         | Fox News talking head on in the background. Maybe Hannity?
         | 
         | What I noticed what that there was a main story for the hour
         | long program. But, it was pretty dull. Meanwhile, the host kept
         | randomly going off into short non-sequitur diatribes. All of
         | the non-sequiturs were depressing. They were about random stuff
         | that made you feel just awful. Then he'd pop back to dull main
         | story like nothing happened.
         | 
         | I realized the non-sequiturs were all designed to make you feel
         | hate, fear and disgust towards liberals. The main story was
         | just filler. The real product was a steady stream of emotional
         | hits of hate, fear and disgust. Over and over forever. Just
         | like puffing on her cigarettes.
         | 
         | That was decades ago. The hate, fear and disgust pipeline has
         | refined a lot since then.
         | 
         | Decades later, the news got my father so deeply filled with
         | hate, fear and disgust that he would randomly launch into
         | hateful diatribes about the libs unprompted. It got bad enough
         | that the kids had to tell Mom we weren't visiting until he got
         | it under control. He wasn't like that at all until he retired
         | and had more time to watch TV.
        
         | beloch wrote:
         | It's moved beyond radio now too.
         | 
         | e.g. The Rohingya genocide in Myanmar was fuelled by Facebook's
         | engagement algorithms[1].
         | 
         | In Rwanda, they had to create radio stations. Today, all you
         | have to do is generate clicks for Meta.
         | 
         | [1]https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/09/myanmar-
         | faceb...
        
           | ArthurStacks wrote:
           | Ah yes, the evil facebook, not at all caused by their
           | terrorist activity.
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | I think it's a shame, but revealing, that the most responded-to
         | post about this topic brings everything back to US domestic
         | politics.
        
           | rendall wrote:
           | Why shame? Most readers of HN are from the US. It's good that
           | everyone discuss these lessons in relation to their own
           | nations.
        
           | keybored wrote:
           | In a predictable turn of events American website makes topic
           | about America.
        
         | lurk2 wrote:
         | > I do not believe for a second that the fact it went different
         | in the US wasn't for lack of trying. The trying hasn't even
         | stopped.
         | 
         | What statements did Rush Limbaugh make that could be construed
         | as instigating a genocide?
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | One thing that seems underdiscussed to me is that oral culture
       | compared to literary culture seems to have a strong impact on
       | dissemination of hate or mass messaging. My pet theory is that
       | the resurgence of the medium, that so much content is now again
       | visual and audio dominated compared to textual, is responsible
       | for a good amount of the increase in hate in recent years.
       | 
       | There's a one-to-many and sort of fuzzy, conspiratorial and
       | hearsay nature to radio, podcasting, preaching, that you don't
       | have in a literary context. It's the ease of transmission and
       | ephemerality of it that enables so much uncritical engagement.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | One thing about the radio is that it can be on while you're
         | doing other things, if those things don't require much
         | concentration.
        
         | bloak wrote:
         | That's an interesting theory, but isn't it a different set of
         | people consuming the audiovisual material? So, roughly
         | speaking, in the past, an educated minority read The Times,
         | while most of the population took no interest in politics and
         | foreign affairs. Nowadays public opinion matters so various
         | powers (often foreign powers not controlled by the local
         | establishment) generate material designed to influence the
         | general population, which isn't exactly literate, as you'll
         | know if you've ever had to do jury service. Meanwhile, the
         | educated minority continues to read The Economist or whatever
         | (The Times is rubbish nowadays).
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | > while most of the population took no interest in politics
           | and foreign affairs
           | 
           | Perhaps not foreign affairs so much, but I'd argue in the
           | past politics was keenly important to a large percentage of
           | the population in the past. Particularly local politics.
           | 
           | The reason for that was simple, politics was a form of
           | entertainment and local politics was both fun to talk and
           | gossip about, more so than national politics.
           | 
           | What I believe has changed is the internet and broadcasting
           | in general has changed what's entertaining. People care less
           | about the issues and more about the presenter. National
           | broadcasting selected for the most entertaining presenters
           | which have the opportunity to bend political opinions to
           | their own. The internet has opened up access to presenters
           | which has done the same thing as national broadcasting but
           | allows for even more extreme positions. Interest in local
           | politics died for pretty much the same reason why local
           | theater is dead. It's simply not as entertaining as a large
           | budget production (generally). Sure, someone could probably
           | make local politics interesting, but that's inherently going
           | to have a smaller audience draw. That's why national politics
           | is easier to talk about.
           | 
           | One other thing that's changed, though, is the options for
           | presenters is now humongous. It's simply unlikely that you or
           | your coworkers will have similar enough media diets to
           | discuss at the water cooler. That's made everything a lot
           | more private and isolated.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Marshall McLuhan thought that Adolf Hitler played really well
         | on the radio but would not have played well on television,
         | people would have seen his face turn red.
         | 
         | It's hard to tease apart the differences between modalities. On
         | Youtube today there are many "videos" that are good to play in
         | the background, be it _Technology Connections_ , _Pod Save
         | America_ , or Asmongold's show. Part of the experience of
         | reading is that an individual can find things that are rare,
         | obscure, that it doesn't have to be massy at all [1] -- in the
         | past economics required television and radio to be massy but
         | podcasts, in principle, are really cheap and could service
         | obscure tastes. Another fraction is that reading itself is a
         | filter: even in the core a lot of people like Asmongold are
         | functionally illiterate, in a place like Rwanda you just can't
         | reach most people through writing.
         | 
         | [1] read https://www.amazon.com/Information-Machines-Their-
         | Impact-Med..., read https://www.amazon.com/Dispersing-
         | Population-America-Learn-E...
        
       | themgt wrote:
       | Some related topics I find interesting to ponder in relation to
       | the Rwandan genocide and more broadly:
       | 
       | Accusation in a mirror:
       | 
       |  _Accusation in a mirror is a false claim that accuses the target
       | of something that the perpetrator is doing or intends to do. The
       | name was used by an anonymous Rwandan propagandist in Note
       | Relative a la Propagande d 'Expansion et de Recrutement ... he
       | instructed colleagues to "impute to enemies exactly what they and
       | their own party are planning to do". By invoking collective self-
       | defense, propaganda is used to justify genocide, just as self-
       | defense is a defense for individual homicide. Susan Benesch
       | remarked that while dehumanization "makes genocide seem
       | acceptable", accusation in a mirror makes it seem necessary._
       | 
       | Double-genocide or at least mass war crimes against Hutu by the
       | RPF:
       | 
       |  _Estimates of Hutu deaths from mass violence in the 1990s are
       | much less precise than Tutsi death figures from the Rwandan
       | genocide due to the greater timescale and geographic spread of
       | the killings. Researcher Alison Des Forges estimated that the RPF
       | killed 60,000 people in war crimes in 1994 and 1995. Historian
       | Gerard Prunier estimated that 100,000 Hutu were killed by the RPF
       | in 1994-1995. Historian Roland Tissot argued that there were
       | around 400,000 Hutus killed by the RPF between 1994 and 1998
       | (excluding disease and excess mortality), while Omar Shahabudin
       | McDoom estimated several hundred thousand Hutu victims during the
       | 1990s. Demographer Marijke Verpoorten guesstimates 542,000 deaths
       | of Rwandan Hutus (about 7.5 percent of the population), with "a
       | very large uncertainty interval", from war-related causes in the
       | 1990s, including battle deaths and excess mortality from poor
       | conditions in refugee camps._
       | 
       | Kagame, the leader of the RPF, has also had an ... interesting
       | tenure as president, in power 25 years and most recently winning
       | 99% of the vote:
       | 
       |  _The highest-profile opposition figure for the 2017 election was
       | local businesswoman Diane Rwigara. Although she acknowledged that
       | "much has improved under Kagame", Rwigara was also critical of
       | Kagame's government, saying that "people disappear, others get
       | killed in unexplained circumstances and nobody speaks about this
       | because of fear". Like Ingabire in 2010, Rwigara was barred from
       | running in the election._
       | 
       |  _Throughout Kagame 's tenure as vice president and president, he
       | has been linked with murders and disappearances of political
       | opponents, both in Rwanda and abroad. In a 2014 report titled
       | "Repression Across Borders", Human Rights Watch documents at
       | least 10 cases involving attacks or threats against critics
       | outside Rwanda since the late 1990s, citing their criticism of
       | the Rwandan government, the RPF or Kagame_
       | 
       | My general impression is that Rwanda has been compressed down to
       | a simplistic morality play when the reality seems a lot more
       | complex and in many ways more unsettling.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusation_in_a_mirror
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_genocide_theory_(Rwanda...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Praise_of_Blood#Death_toll
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kagame#Assassinations
        
         | msgodel wrote:
         | I think the reality is groups of people that different just
         | can't peacefully share a state.
        
           | SiempreViernes wrote:
           | Finally an opinion about emacs users I can get behind! /s
        
           | brazzy wrote:
           | What exactly do you mean with "that different"?
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Did you read what the difference are?
           | 
           | There aren't any.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | I find the whole premise for the situation mind-boggling. Tutsi
         | and Hutu were basically just categories for "someone who has
         | cattle" and "someone who does not have cattle". One could
         | become the other quite readily.
         | 
         | Then the Belgians came along, measured skulls, pronounced the
         | Tutsis a separate (and superior) race, and the rest is...
         | absolutely idiotic history.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Tutsi and Hutu were basically just categories for "someone
           | who has cattle" and "someone who does not have cattle". One
           | could become the other quite readily.
           | 
           | But none of that is true.
        
             | madaxe_again wrote:
             | https://hmd.org.uk/learn-about-the-holocaust-and-
             | genocides/r...
             | 
             | https://www.rwandanstories.org/origins/hutu_and_tutsi.html
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Maybe you should use sources that are more concerned with
               | facts?
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20111223184823/https://blogs.
               | dis...
               | 
               | https://www.emilkirkegaard.com/p/hutus-and-tutsis-and-
               | geneti...
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | It sounds like that became true, but wasn't until quite
             | recently.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | It was never true, not in the distant past, not recently,
               | not now.
        
           | volleyball wrote:
           | Major, minor or imagined differences between populations
           | being exacerbated causing them to turn against each other
           | wasn't a byproduct of some poorly conceived policy. It was
           | the whole point and was (and continues to be) a keystone to
           | colonial power over faraway lands.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | https://vimeo.com/107867605
        
         | gopher_space wrote:
         | > My general impression is that Rwanda has been compressed down
         | to a simplistic morality play when the reality seems a lot more
         | complex and in many ways more unsettling.
         | 
         | Visiting the Genocide Memorial in Rwanda compresses the event
         | into a simple morality play by displaying a wall of personal
         | pictures of the dead. Snapshots of random people at a happy
         | moment in time, but they're all violently dead now for
         | absolutely no reason.
        
         | childintime wrote:
         | > Accusation in a mirror
         | 
         | Really nice description of the Trump era, where accusations fly
         | at the strawman in the mirror, prioritizing psychological
         | reality over facts, (let's continue the tangent here) accepting
         | to speak in a woke echo chamber, as a victim, while secretly
         | being an ultradem in need of love, and having found a way of
         | just taking it, like a man standing in the tradition where he
         | culturally submits the woman because he can. Not love, just
         | satisfaction of self-assertion, at the expense of the woman.
         | She exists to make a man feel good. The Taco Man creates the
         | banana republic in his own image. Muscle brain, a dick. A
         | reversal of civilization.
         | 
         | But the accusations in the mirror also happen to precede
         | violence. The fire only needs oxygen. The Taco Wars. F*ck.
        
           | lazyeye wrote:
           | What?
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | Son Reebok o son Nike Ah serai serai!
       | 
       | (Rhythm of the night plays)
        
       | zahlman wrote:
       | > David Rawson, the US ambassador, said that its euphemisms were
       | open to interpretation. The US, he said, believed in freedom of
       | speech.
       | 
       | This is tossed in as if to imply that shutting down the radio
       | station would have saved lives and that the US was therefore
       | complicit in those deaths.
       | 
       | I am never swayed by arguments like this. A culture that produces
       | that kind of hatred will not be stopped by losing a channel to
       | express it. Word of mouth spreads quickly, and actions speak even
       | louder.
       | 
       | Not to mention, per the sidebar, the radio hosts were already
       | disguising their meaning in places despite not experiencing a
       | threat of censorship. "Talking in code" for something that has
       | already become socially acceptable, has its own social purposes -
       | it allows for the hateful to bond over their hatred more strongly
       | than if they were explicit, because the "shared language" is a
       | strong signal of in-group belonging.
        
         | exceptione wrote:
         | > A culture that produces that kind of hatred will not be
         | stopped by losing        > a channel to express it. Word of
         | mouth spreads quickly,       > and actions speak even louder.
         | 
         | Culture... is the thing that prevents the enacting of our
         | bestial urges. This channel normalizes the bestiality, and so
         | it becomes culture.
         | 
         | Every society have some people without a mic that are blatantly
         | inhuman. A society becomes it when you give them a mic.
        
           | skrebbel wrote:
           | What does it mean to "give them the mic"? I feel like your
           | comment makes sense in the abstract but when it gets more
           | concrete it gets a lot fussy. Do you mean disallowing people
           | who make nasty radio broadcasts? Jailing people who send
           | nasty tweets to all their 10 followers?
           | 
           | Most people aren't "given the mic" by some benevolent all-
           | powerful force, they just grab a mic and use it.
        
             | cameldrv wrote:
             | Prior to the eighties, if you put out something
             | sufficiently noxious or unbalanced on broadcast media, you
             | could have the FCC come visit you and threaten to revoke
             | your broadcast license. The broadcast license was required
             | to be used in the public interest.
             | 
             | Then the 80s came and you had cable TV which didn't require
             | a broadcast license, you had video tape, and you had the
             | repeal of the fairness doctrine.
             | 
             | Prior to all that the only way you'd get your weird message
             | out was through print, which reqires someone to pay for the
             | printing and distribution, so it's slower and more limited,
             | and print doesn't have the same emotional punch of TV or
             | radio.
             | 
             | Obviously the Internet has turbocharged this transition. If
             | it were the 80s someone like Andrew Tate would have a very
             | hard time getting an audience. He'd have to use print, and
             | probably a lot of his material would be age restricted. The
             | closest analogue I can think of is Hugh Hefner, and to read
             | his stuff you had to be over 18, although obviously a lot
             | of boys got their hands on a Playboy or two.
        
               | wegfawefgawefg wrote:
               | enforcing this would require building a panopticon world
               | of brains in jars. no thank you. ill hold individuals
               | responsible for their own actions and keep my freedom of
               | speech thanks
        
               | cameldrv wrote:
               | Enforcing what? I'm describing what has changed.
        
             | exceptione wrote:
             | >  by some benevolent all-powerful force, they just grab a
             | mic and use it.
             | 
             | You are a bit optimistic. It is way worse. What happens is:
             | your media mogul more often than not lives in an
             | environment where people's belief systems and preferences
             | vary from oligarchy, tech-fascism, corporatism, cultism,
             | gilded-age etc. I.e. the cult of wealth problem. Then that
             | media mogul buys a platform, and installs a certain kind of
             | people. Double profit: more engagement, belief systems of
             | regular people getting anti-social. The fear, hate and
             | disgust for their compatriots make way for sado-populism.
             | Regular, normal people are getting so mindfucked that
             | instead of seeking the common good they they give autocracy
             | consent to purify society from their imaginative enemies.
             | > Do you mean disallowing people who make nasty radio
             | broadcasts?
             | 
             | Yes, the paradox of tolerance is a _paradox_. The only way
             | to keep a tolerant society is to not tolerate the
             | intolerants.
        
           | wegfawefgawefg wrote:
           | no it doesnt. you could blast "kill your own baby" on radio
           | but 99% of people wouldnt do it. and if they did its their
           | own fault.
           | 
           | you either respect the sovereignty of an individual and they
           | are responsible for their actions, or not and if you dont
           | then follow that to its logical conclusion. which would be
           | that all people are not responsible for anything ever,
           | because even the broadcaster was told to by his own life and
           | culture, and so on and so forth until your litigating the
           | first living goo on the planet.
        
             | exceptione wrote:
             | > "kill your own baby"
             | 
             | We are talking about instigating intolerance, with material
             | consequences. Think genocides, like in the OP and Germany
             | in the 30's.                 > you either respect the
             | sovereignty of an individual and        > they are
             | responsible for their actions,
             | 
             | Paradox of Tolerance. [0]
             | 
             | An individual lives in a society. Waiting for some other
             | country to sacrifice their 18 years old to clean up your
             | mess because you insisted that you couldn't possibly know
             | what happens when you normalize intolerance is not so nice.
             | And maybe there is no country who could possibly help your
             | compatriots to get rid of their autocrats, so be careful if
             | you try.
             | 
             | ____
             | 
             | 0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | I agree that simply stopping one propaganda outlet would have
         | been insufficient to stem the tide of violence.
         | 
         | I disagree with blaming the genocide on "culture". It seems
         | clear that this event like many others came from a nexus of
         | interests, money, ideology and, sure, culture.
         | 
         | And btw, if you blame massacres on culture, you have a whole
         | lot of cultures you can blame, given the history of mass murder
         | and genocide around the world.
        
         | uniqueuid wrote:
         | My experience is that it is _always_ important to criticize
         | free speech absolutism, especially when people behave as if it
         | were an atemporal concept. In reality, most of the world for
         | most of the time has had various compromises between protecting
         | individuals and society on one hand and free speech on the
         | other.
         | 
         | That said, I think your take is also empirically supported.
         | There is this [1] very interesting study which comes to the
         | same conclusion. It uses broadcast range of radio towers to do
         | a quantitative analysis on the potential effects and finds few.
         | Interestingly enough, I have seen other studies with similar
         | designs that _do_ show persistent effects of exposure to
         | broadcasts, so I'm favorable to the idea that this one really
         | is a valid null finding.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/20100423-atrauss-rtlm-radio-
         | hat...
        
           | wegfawefgawefg wrote:
           | most of the world for most of time had slavery. that doesnt
           | mean we should have slavery now. your whole first paragraph
           | is bunk.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | > A culture that produces that kind of hatred
         | 
         | According to other pages on this same site, the primary
         | motivation for the people behind RTLM (rich powerful people,
         | incl the presidential family) to spread said hate, was fears
         | that Tutsis would sabotage their own country in support of the
         | invading RPF.
         | 
         | This is the _exact_ same fear that made Americans put their
         | Japanese-American countrymen into concentration camps during
         | WWII. So to me, either you 're saying that Rwandan culture in
         | the early 90s was pretty much the same as US culture in the
         | 1940s, or something else than culture is to blame.
         | 
         | Obviously the Japanese-Americans weren't mass-murdered, so it's
         | not a fair comparison, but I'm not immediately convinced things
         | would've been super mega different if the Japanese army had
         | already conquered the entire US west coast and was quickly
         | moving eastward. People would be very afraid.
        
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