[HN Gopher] Bill Atkinson has died
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Bill Atkinson has died
        
       https://facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10238073579963378&...
        
       Author : romanhn
       Score  : 807 points
       Date   : 2025-06-07 16:19 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (daringfireball.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (daringfireball.net)
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson_dithering and so many
       | other things
       | 
       | rip
        
       | msie wrote:
       | RIP programming god.
        
       | WillAdams wrote:
       | Some notable stories from Folklore.org:
       | 
       | https://www.folklore.org/Joining_Apple_Computer.html
       | 
       | https://www.folklore.org/Negative_2000_Lines_Of_Code.html ---
       | something to bring up whenever lines of code as a metric is put
       | forward
       | 
       | https://www.folklore.org/Rosings_Rascals.html --- story of how
       | the Macintosh Finder came to be
       | 
       | https://www.folklore.org/I_Still_Remember_Regions.html ---
       | surviving a car accident
        
         | LorenDB wrote:
         | The lines of code story is a timeless classic.
        
           | 90s_dev wrote:
           | > He thought and wrote "-2000 lines". Management stopped
           | asking Bill to fill out the form.
           | 
           | This lesson stuck with me for years. Final results alone are
           | measurable, not productivity.
        
           | garciasn wrote:
           | Score code on line count and runtime golf. Shorter, faster,
           | and fastest time to completion is best.
           | 
           | Code that's 4K and took slightly less time to write but runs
           | slightly faster than code that's 400 bytes that took another
           | 30m to write still doesn't get the best score.
        
             | dan-robertson wrote:
             | I kind think metrics are not the answer and instead one
             | needs taste. Obviously performance is multidimensional both
             | in what one measures (latency vs throughput) and as a
             | function of the input. The solution you imagine that is
             | slightly faster in the test could avoid (or introduce)
             | different worst-case or asymptotic behaviour, for example.
        
               | garciasn wrote:
               | I argue we shouldn't be doing this at all; but, if we
               | have to do to whatever insanely arbitrary metric a
               | project/product/eng leader wants, this is probably a
               | better metric than code length.
        
         | leoc wrote:
         | "Busy Being Born" https://www.folklore.org/Busy_Being_Born.html
         | , with its priceless early glimpses of the Lisa/Mac UI
         | preserved in Polaroid photos, might be the best.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | This shows amazing foresight on Bill's part. It would have
           | been easy for all that to be lost.
        
       | fotta wrote:
       | Wow. Rest in peace Bill. I think he is deserving of a black
       | stripe up top.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | 100%
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | You can set your 'topcolor' in preferences, but this will
         | obscure the links in the sidebar (barring local CSS hacking).
        
           | froggertoaster wrote:
           | I think you missed the point.
        
       | soulofmischief wrote:
       | Atkinson is a legendary UX pioneer. Great technical skill and a
       | deep understanding of the principles of interaction. His work,
       | from the double click to HyperCard, continues to inspire my own
       | work. You will be missed.
        
       | pcunite wrote:
       | "Some say Steve used me, but I say he harnessed and motivated me,
       | and drew out my best creative energy." - Bill Atkinson
        
       | asveikau wrote:
       | Some of his old demos of graphics capabilities on the Mac or
       | hypercard are around on YouTube, and I watched some maybe 10
       | years ago. He displayed not just the tech chops but he was a good
       | communicator. RIP.
        
       | jmwilson wrote:
       | HyperCard was my introduction to programming and delivered on the
       | vision of personal computing as "bicycle for the mind." RIP
        
       | matthewn wrote:
       | In an alternate timeline, HyperCard was not allowed to wither and
       | die, but instead continued to mature, embraced the web, and
       | inspired an entire genre of software-creating software. In this
       | timeline, people shape their computing experiences as easily as
       | one might sculpt a piece of clay, creating personal apps that
       | make perfect sense to them and fit like a glove; computing
       | devices actually become (for everyone, not just programmers) the
       | "bicycle for the mind" that Steve Jobs spoke of. I think this is
       | the timeline that Atkinson envisioned, and I wish I lived in it.
       | We've lost a true visionary. Memory eternal!
        
         | asveikau wrote:
         | Maybe there's some sense of longing for a tool that's similar
         | today, but there's no way of knowing how much hypercard _did_
         | have the impact you are talking about. For example many of us
         | reading here experienced HyperCard. It planted seeds in our
         | future endeavors.
         | 
         | I remember in elementary school, I had some computer lab
         | classes where the whole class worked in hypercard on some task.
         | Multiply that by however many classrooms did something like
         | that in the 80s and 90s. That's a lot of brains that can be
         | influenced and have been.
         | 
         | We can judge it as a success in its own right, even if it never
         | entered the next paradigm or never had quite an equivalent
         | later on.
        
           | cortesoft wrote:
           | HyperCard was the foundation of my programming career. I
           | treated the HyperCard Bible like an actual Bible.
        
           | jkestner wrote:
           | Word. This is the Papert philosophy of constructionism,
           | learning to think by making that so many of us still carry.
           | I'm still trying to build software-building software. We do
           | live in that timeline; it's just unevenly distributed.
        
           | lambdaone wrote:
           | HyperCard was undoubtedly the inspiration for Visual Basic,
           | which for quite some time dominated the bespoke UI industry
           | in the same way web frameworks do today.
        
             | Stratoscope wrote:
             | HyperCard was great, but it wasn't the inspiration for
             | Visual Basic.
             | 
             | I was on the team that built Ruby (no relation to the
             | programming language), which became the "Visual" side of
             | Visual Basic.
             | 
             | Alan Cooper did the initial design of the product, via a
             | prototype he called Tripod.
             | 
             | Alan had an unusual design philosophy at the time. He
             | preferred to _not_ look at any existing products that may
             | have similar goals, so he could  "design in a vacuum" from
             | first principles.
             | 
             | I will ask him about it, but I'm almost certain that he
             | never looked at HyperCard.
        
         | jchrisa wrote:
         | I haven't posted it here yet b/c it's not show ready, but we
         | have been building this vision -- I like to think of it as an
         | e-bike for the mind.
         | 
         | https://vibes.diy/
         | 
         | We had a lot of fun last night with Vibecode Karaoke, where you
         | code an app at the same time as you sing a song.
        
         | Arathorn wrote:
         | It's ironic that the next graphical programming environment
         | similar to Hypercard was probably Flash - and it obviously died
         | too.
         | 
         | What actually are the best successors now, at least for
         | authoring generic apps for the open web? (Other than vibe
         | coding things)
        
           | jx47 wrote:
           | I think that would be Decker (https://internet-
           | janitor.itch.io/decker). Not my project but I found it some
           | time ago when I searched for Hypercard successors. The neat
           | thing is that it works in the browser.
        
             | WillAdams wrote:
             | This gets mentioned pretty much every time HyperCard is ---
             | but I can't see that anyone has done anything with it.
             | 
             | Why use it rather than Livecode (aside from the licensing
             | of the latter) or Hypernext Studio?
        
               | RodgerTheGreat wrote:
               | Some programs, games, and zines made with Decker:
               | https://itch.io/games/tag-decker
               | 
               | Unlike LiveCode (or so far as I am aware HyperNext),
               | Decker is free and open-source:
               | https://github.com/JohnEarnest/Decker
               | 
               | HyperNext doesn't appear to be actively developed; the
               | most recent updates I see are from last year, and it
               | can't be used on modern computers. Decker's most recent
               | release was yesterday morning.
               | 
               | I'd be happy to go into more detail if you like.
        
               | WillAdams wrote:
               | Livecode used to be opensource, which made me want to use
               | it, but that window closed.
               | 
               | I guess I want a Flash replacement....
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | There's a fair amount of usage of it on Itch.io, if you
               | are into that indie crowd. I was skeptical of it at first
               | -- the whole 1-bit dithering aesthetic seems a bit too
               | retro-twee, but I find it it is the best Hypercard-alike
               | in terms of functionality -- it "just works" as compared
               | to most Hyperclones that seem more like a proof of
               | concept than a functional program.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | Flash completely missed the most important point of
           | HyperCard, which was that end users could put it into edit
           | mode, explore the source code, learn from it, extend it, copy
           | parts of it out, and build their own user interfaces with it.
           | 
           | It's not just "View Source", but "Edit Source" with a built-
           | in, easy to use, scriptable, graphical, interactive WYSIWYG
           | editor that anyone can use.
           | 
           | HyperCard did all that and more long before the web existed,
           | was fully scriptable years before JavaScript existed, was
           | extensible with plug-in XCMDs long before COM/OLE/ActiveX or
           | even OpenDoc/CyberDog or Java/HotJava/Applets, and was widely
           | available and embraced by millions of end-users, was used for
           | games, storytelling, art, business, personal productivity,
           | app development, education, publishing, porn, and so much
           | more, way before merely static web page WYSIWYG editors (let
           | alone live interactive scriptable extensible web application
           | editors) ever existed.
           | 
           | LiveCard (HyperCard as a live HTTP web app server back-end
           | via WebStar/MacHTTP) was probably the first tool that made it
           | possible to create live web pages with graphics and forms
           | with an interactive WYSIWYG editor that even kids could use
           | to publish live HyperCard apps, databases, and clickable
           | graphics on the web.
           | 
           | HyperCard deeply inspired HyperLook for NeWS, which was
           | scripted, drawn, and modeled with PostScript, that I used to
           | port SimCity to Unix:
           | 
           | Alan Kay on "Should web browsers have stuck to being document
           | viewers?" and a discussion of Smalltalk, HyperCard, NeWS, and
           | HyperLook
           | 
           | https://donhopkins.medium.com/alan-kay-on-should-web-
           | browser...
           | 
           | >"Apple's Hypercard was a terrific and highly successful end-
           | user authoring system whose media was scripted, WYSIWYG, and
           | "symmetric" (in the sense that the "reader" could turn around
           | and "author" in the same high-level terms and forms). It
           | should be the start of -- and the guide for -- the "User
           | Experience" of encountering and dealing with web content.
           | 
           | >"The underlying system for a browser should not be that of
           | an "app" but of an Operating System whose job would be to
           | protectively and safely run encapsulated systems (i.e. "real
           | objects") gotten from the web. It should be the way that web
           | content could be open-ended, and not tied to functional
           | subsets in the browser." -Alan Kay
           | 
           | >[...] This work is so good -- for any time -- and especially
           | for its time -- that I don't want to sully it with any
           | criticisms in the same reply that contains this praise.
           | 
           | >I will confess to not knowing about most of this work until
           | your comments here -- and this lack of knowledge was a minus
           | in a number of ways wrt some of the work that we did at
           | Viewpoints since ca 2000.
           | 
           | >(Separate reply) My only real regret about this terrific
           | work is that your group missed the significance for personal
           | computing of the design of Hypertalk in Hypercard.
           | 
           | >It's not even that Hypertalk is the very best possible way
           | to solve the problems and goals it took on -- hard to say one
           | way or another -- but I think it is the best example ever
           | actually done and given to millions of end users. And by
           | quite a distance.
           | 
           | >Dan Winkler and Bill Atkinson violated a lot of important
           | principles of "good programming language design", but they
           | achieved the first overall system in which end-users "could
           | see their own faces", and could do many projects, and learn
           | as they went.
           | 
           | >For many reasons, a second pass at the end-user programming
           | problem -- that takes advantage of what was learned from
           | Hypercard and Hypertalk -- has never been done (AFAIK). The
           | Etoys system in Squeak Smalltalk in the early 2000s was very
           | successful, but the design was purposely limited to 8-11 year
           | olds (in part because of constraints from working at Disney).
           | 
           | >It's interesting to contemplate that the follow on system
           | might not have a close resemblance to Hypertalk -- perhaps
           | only a vague one ....
           | 
           | SimCity, Cellular Automata, and Happy Tool for HyperLook (nee
           | HyperNeWS (nee GoodNeWS))
           | 
           | https://donhopkins.medium.com/hyperlook-nee-hypernews-nee-
           | go...
           | 
           | >HyperLook was like HyperCard for NeWS, with PostScript
           | graphics and scripting plus networking. Here are three unique
           | and wacky examples that plug together to show what HyperNeWS
           | was all about, and where we could go in the future!
           | 
           | >The Axis of Eval: Code, Graphics, and Data
           | 
           | >Hi Alan! Outside of Sun, at the Turing Institute in Glasgow,
           | Arthur van Hoff developed a NeWS based reimagination of
           | HyperCard in PostScript, first called GoodNeWS, then
           | HyperNeWS, and finally HyperLook. It used PostScript for
           | code, graphics, and data (the axis of eval). [...]
           | 
           | >What's the Big Deal About HyperCard?
           | 
           | >"I thought HyperCard was quite brilliant in the end-user
           | problems it solved. (It would have been wonderfully better
           | with a deep dynamic language underneath, but I think part of
           | the success of the design is that they didn't have all the
           | degrees of freedom to worry about, and were just able to
           | concentrate on their end-user's direct needs.
           | 
           | >"HyperCard is an especially good example of a system that
           | was "finished and smoothed and documented" beautifully. It
           | deserved to be successful. And Apple blew it by not making
           | the design framework the basis of a web browser (as old PARC
           | hands advised in the early 90s ...)" -Alan Kay
           | 
           | HyperLook SimCity Demo Transcript
           | 
           | https://donhopkins.medium.com/hyperlook-simcity-demo-
           | transcr...
           | 
           | >[...] All this is written in PostScript, all the graphics.
           | The SimCity engine is in C, but all the user interface and
           | the graphics are in PostScript.
           | 
           | >The neat thing about doing something like this in HyperLook
           | is that HyperLook is kind of like HyperCard, in that all of
           | the user interface is editable. So these windows we're
           | looking at here are like stacks, that we can edit.
           | 
           | >Now I'll flip this into edit mode, while the program's
           | running. That's a unique thing.
           | 
           | >Now I'm in edit mode, and this reset button here is just a
           | user interface component that I can move around, and I can
           | hit the "Props" key, and get a property sheet on it.
           | 
           | >I'll show you what it really is. See, every one of these
           | HyperLook objects has a property sheet, and you can define
           | its graphics. I'll zoom in here. We have this nice PostScript
           | graphics editor, and we could turn it upside down, or
           | sideways, or, you know, like that. Or scale it. I'll just
           | undo, that's pretty useful.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34134403
           | 
           | DonHopkins on Dec 26, 2022 | parent | context | favorite |
           | on: The Psychedelic Inspiration for Hypercard (2018)
           | 
           | Speaking about HyperCard, creating web pages, and publishing
           | live interactive HyperCard stacks on the web, I wrote this
           | about LiveCard:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22283045
           | 
           | DonHopkins on Feb 9, 2020 | parent | context | favorite | on:
           | HyperCard: What Could Have Been (2002)
           | 
           | Check out this mind-blowing thing called "LiveCard" that
           | somebody made by combining HyperCard with MacHTTP/WebStar (a
           | Mac web server by Chuck Shotton that supported integration
           | with other apps via Apple Events)! It was like implementing
           | interactive graphical CGI scripts with HyperCard, without
           | even programming (but also allowing you to script them in
           | HyperTalk, and publish live HyperCard databases and
           | graphics)! Normal HyperCard stacks would even work without
           | modification. It was far ahead of its time, and inspired me
           | to integrate WebStar with ScriptX to generate static and
           | dynamic HTML web sites and services!
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16226209
           | 
           | MacHTTP / WebStar from StarNine by Chuck Shotton, and
           | LiveCard HyperCard stack publisher:
           | 
           | CGI and AppleScript:
           | 
           | http://www.drdobbs.com/web-development/cgi-and-
           | applescript/1...
           | 
           | >Cal discusses the Macintosh as an Internet platform, then
           | describes how you can use the AppleScript language for
           | writing CGI applications that run on Macintosh servers.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7865263
           | 
           | MacHTTP / WebStar from StarNine by Chuck Shotton! He was also
           | VP of Engineering at Quarterdeck, another pioneering company.
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20110705053055/http://www.astron.
           | ..
           | 
           | http://infomotions.com/musings/tricks/manuscript/0800-machtt.
           | ..
           | 
           | http://tidbits.com/article/6292
           | 
           | >It had an AppleScript / OSA API that let you write handlers
           | for responding to web hits in other languages that supported
           | AppleScript.
           | 
           | I used it to integrate ScriptX with the web:
           | 
           | http://www.art.net/~hopkins/Don/lang/scriptx/scriptx-
           | www.htm...
           | 
           | https://medium.com/@donhopkins/1995-apple-world-wide-
           | develop...
           | 
           | The coolest thing somebody did with WebStar was to integrate
           | it with HyperCard so you could actually publish live
           | INTERACTIVE HyperCard stacks on the web, that you could see
           | as images you could click on to follow links, and followed by
           | html form elements corresponding to the text fields, radio
           | buttons, checkboxes, drop down menus, scrolling lists, etc in
           | the HyperCard stack that you could use in the browser to
           | interactive with live HyperCard pages!
           | 
           | That was the earliest easiest way that non-programmers and
           | even kids could both not just create graphical web pages, but
           | publish live interactive apps on the web!
           | 
           | Using HyperCard as a CGI application
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20060205023024/http://aaa-
           | protei...
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20021013161709/http://pfhyper.co.
           | ..
           | 
           | http://www.drdobbs.com/web-development/cgi-and-
           | applescript/1...
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/19990208235151/http://www.royals.
           | ..
           | 
           | What was it actually ever used for? Saving kid's lives, for
           | one thing:
           | 
           | >Livecard has exceeded all expectations and allows me to
           | serve a stack 8 years in the making and previously confined
           | to individual hospitals running Apples. A whole Childrens
           | Hospital and University Department of Child Health should now
           | swing in behind me and this product will become core
           | curriculum for our medical course. Your product will save
           | lives starting early 1997. Well done.
           | 
           | - Director, Emergency Medicine, Mater Childrens Hospital
        
         | kadushka wrote:
         | _inspired an entire genre of software-creating software. In
         | this timeline, people shape their computing experiences as
         | easily as one might sculpt a piece of clay, creating personal
         | apps that make perfect sense to them and fit like a glove_
         | 
         | LLMs inspired vibe coding - that's our timeline.
        
         | mannyv wrote:
         | Hypercard must have been a support nightmare.
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | Mr. Atkinson's passing was sad enough without thinking about
         | this.
         | 
         | (More seriously: I can still recall using ResEdit to hack a
         | custom FONT resource into a HyperCard stack, then using string
         | manipulation in a text field to create tiled graphics. This
         | performed much better than button icons or any other approach I
         | could find. And then it stopped working in System 7.)
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | Not sure that sculpting clay is the best analogy. Lots of
         | sculpting is hard, as is turning clay, especially if you want
         | to successfully fire the result. Maybe it is an accurate
         | analogy, but people may understand the difficulty differently.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Hypercard is more like Lego - you can simply buy completed
           | sets (use other's hypercard programs) - or you can put
           | together things according to instructions - but you can
           | always take them apart and change them, and eventually build
           | your own.
        
         | nostrademons wrote:
         | The Web was significantly influenced by HyperCard. Tim Berners-
         | Lee's original prototypes envisioned it as bidirectional, with
         | a hypertext editor shipping alongside the browser. In that
         | sense it _does_ live on, and serves as the basis for much of
         | the modern Internet.
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22285675
         | 
         | DonHopkins on Feb 10, 2020 | parent | context | favorite | on:
         | HyperCard: What Could Have Been (2002)
         | 
         | Do you have the first commercial HyperCard stack ever released:
         | the HyperCard SmutStack? Or SmutStack II, the Carnal Knowledge
         | Navigator, both by Chuck Farnham? SmutStack was the first
         | commercial HyperCard product available at rollout, released two
         | weeks before HyperCard went public at a MacWorld Expo, cost
         | $15, and made a lot of money (according to Chuck). SmutStack 2,
         | the Carnal Knowledge Navigator, had every type of sexual
         | adventure you could imagine in it, including information about
         | gays, lesbians, transgendered, HIV, safer sex, etc. Chuck was
         | also the marketing guy for Mac Playmate, which got him on
         | Geraldo, and sued by Playboy.
         | 
         | https://www.zdnet.com/article/could-the-ios-app-be-the-21st-...
         | 
         | >Smut Stack. One of the first commercial stacks available at
         | the launch of HyperCard was Smut Stack, a hilarious collection
         | (if you were in sixth grade) of somewhat naughty images that
         | would make joke, present a popup image, or a fart sound when
         | the viewer clicked on them. The author was Chuck Farnham of
         | Chuck's Weird World fame.
         | 
         | >How did he do it? After all, HyperCard was a major secret down
         | at Cupertino, even at that time before the wall of silence went
         | up around Apple.
         | 
         | >It seems that Farnham was walking around the San Jose flea
         | market in the spring of 1987 and spotted a couple of used Macs
         | for sale. He was told that they were broken. Carting them home,
         | he got them running and discovered several early builds of
         | HyperCard as well as its programming environment. Fooling
         | around with the program, he was able to build the Smut Stack,
         | which sold out at the Boston Macworld Expo, being one of the
         | only commercial stacks available at the show.
         | 
         | https://archive.org/stream/MacWorld_9008_August_1990/MacWorl...
         | 
         | Page 69 of https://archive.org/stream/MacWorld_9008_August_1990
         | 
         | >Famham's Choice
         | 
         | >This staunch defender was none other than Chuck Farnham, whom
         | readers of this column will remember as the self-appointed
         | gadfly known for rooting around in Apple's trash cans. One of
         | Farnham 's myriad enterprises is Digital Deviations, whose
         | products include the infamous SmutStack, the Carnal Knowledge
         | Navigator, and the multiple-disk set Sounds of Susan. The last
         | comes in two versions: a $15 disk of generic sex noises and,
         | for $10 more, a personalized version in which the talented
         | Susan moans and groans using your name. I am not making this
         | up.
         | 
         | >Farnham is frank about his participation in the Macintosh smut
         | trade. "The problem with porno is generic," he says, sounding
         | for the briefest moment like Oliver Wendell Holmes. "When you
         | do it, you have to make a commitment ... say you did it and say
         | it's yours. Most people would not stand up in front of God and
         | country and say, 'It's mine.' I don't mind being called Mr.
         | Scum Bag."
         | 
         | >On the other hand, he admits cheerily, "There's a huge market
         | for sex stuff." This despite the lack of true eroticism. "It's
         | a novelty," says Farnham. Sort of the software equivalent of
         | those ballpoint pens with the picture of a woman with a
         | disappearing bikini.
         | 
         | https://archive.org/stream/NewComputerExpress110/NewComputer...
         | 
         | Page 18 of https://archive.org/stream/NewComputerExpress110
         | 
         | >"Chuck developed the first commercial stack, the Smutstack,
         | which was released two weeks before HyperCard went public at a
         | MacWorld Expo. He's embarrassed how much money a silly
         | collection of sounds, cartoons, and scans of naked women
         | brought in. His later version, the Carnal Knowledge Navigator,
         | was also a hit.
         | 
         | I've begged Chuck to dig around to see if he has an old copy of
         | the floppy lying around and upload it, but so far I don't know
         | of a copy online you can run. Its bold pioneering balance of
         | art and slease deserves preservation, and the story behind it
         | is hilarious.
         | 
         | Edit: OMG I've just found the Geraldo episode with Chuck
         | online, auspiciously titled "Geraldo: Sex in the 90's. From
         | Computer Porn to Fax Foxes", which shows an example of Smut
         | Stack:
         | 
         | https://visual-icon.com/lionsgate/detail/?id=67563&t=ts
         | 
         | I love the way Chuck holds his smirk throughout the entire
         | interview. And Geraldo's reply to his comment: "I was a
         | fulfillment house for orders."
         | 
         | "That sounds sexual in itself! What was a fulfilment house?"
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | I actually had an experience like this yesterday. After reading
         | Gruber talk about how Markdown was never meant for notes, I
         | started to rethink things. I wanted plain text, to be future
         | proof, then stumbled across CotEditor as a means to edit.
         | Inside I was able to use the code highlighting and outline
         | config to define my own regex and effectively create my own
         | markup language with just a dash of regex and nothing more. I
         | then jumped over to Shortcuts and dragged and dropped some
         | stuff together to open/create yearly and daily notes (on either
         | my computer or phone), or append to a log with a quick action.
         | 
         | It is a custom system that didn't require any code (if you
         | don't count the very minor bits of regex (just a lot of stuff
         | like... ^\s _- ._ ).
         | 
         | Is it a good system, probably not, but we'll see where it goes.
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | Oh. I came here to pass the time as I built a TinyMac with a Pi
       | and was compiling BasiliskII in SDL mode. I'm quite saddened by
       | the news, as Bill was one of the people who had the most
       | influence in the technical design of early Macs (and a brilliant
       | engineer for all accounts).
       | 
       | Why isn't the black bar up atop the site?
        
         | dlachausse wrote:
         | He's definitely deserving of the black bar.
         | 
         | This post is only an hour old as I'm writing this, so give it
         | time. It's a weekend, and as far as I'm aware there are only 2
         | mods, unless there are others empowered to turn on the black
         | bar in their absence.
        
       | dakiol wrote:
       | RIP. It still suprises me that people with resources die so early
       | (he died at 74).
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | Resources only help you reach your genetic potential, but if
         | you're just not built for longevity you still may not live
         | long.
         | 
         | And some people with no resources, no reason to live, but have
         | incredible genetics will linger for many years beyond what
         | people think is possible, like a weed.
        
           | jamessinghal wrote:
           | People without resources or purpose are a weed?
        
             | accrual wrote:
             | _Like_ a weed, in the sense of living in spite of ones
             | circumstances. For example, a person with limited resources
             | living for a long time, which is like a weed with little
             | sunlight still growing from a crack in concrete.
        
         | andoando wrote:
         | I wouldnt consider 74 early.
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | It's not "he was so young", but it's still a few years shy of
           | "he had a good, long life" IMO.
        
           | melling wrote:
           | It is early.
           | 
           | "A 60-year-old male in the US can expect to live until about
           | age 82"
           | 
           | Pancreatic cancer usually is hard to detect until it's
           | reached an advanced stage. We really should invest more into
           | research
        
         | mitchbob wrote:
         | Bill pushed himself to his limits. I saw this first hand at
         | General Magic, and heard the stories about the development of
         | the Macintosh. People can wear themselves out.
        
         | throw_m239339 wrote:
         | > RIP. It still suprises me that people with resources die so
         | early (he died at 74).
         | 
         | You don't know for how long he did have that disease, if
         | anything, resources might have afforded him many more years of
         | life at first place.So your comment strikes me as odd, given
         | the fact that you can't judge how long did he live with such
         | disease.
         | 
         | One of my friend's dad died from the same kind of cancer.
         | Between the diagnosis and their death, 2 months passed, and
         | that person had plenty of "resources"...
        
           | busymom0 wrote:
           | A friend of mine's diagnosis to death was less than a week.
           | It all happened so fast, they couldn't process what had just
           | happened.
           | 
           | It happened during a family reunion for Christmas, so at
           | least everyone was present.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | Life is not guaranteed. Once you've seen it happen a few times,
         | you realize how stochastic death really is (or really, how
         | stochastic _living_ is). 74 is at least not the territory where
         | people generally gasp at how young he was.
        
           | djmips wrote:
           | Gompertz mortality curve. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gom
           | pertz%E2%80%93Makeham_law...
        
         | melling wrote:
         | Pancreatic cancer. Still quite deadly. It has been 17 years
         | since Randy Pausch's The Last Lecture.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/ji5_MqicxSo?si=TlgWzgQ7bD3Usvu3
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | Steve also, correct? Wonder if it has anything to do with the
           | chemical dumping in silicon valley.
        
             | movingontonext wrote:
             | Jeff Raskin too. Three key people at various points in the
             | original Macintosh's development.
        
             | melling wrote:
             | There were a lot of Superfund sites in Silicon Valley.
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/26/lens/the-superfund-
             | sites-...
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | Unless you're getting preventative screenings frequently,
         | pancreatic cancer can be one of those ones that don't show any
         | symptoms til you're already in stage 4. And most normal doctors
         | will tell you to not do large amounts of preventative
         | screenings.
        
         | monster_truck wrote:
         | There isn't an amount of resources in the world that will
         | protect you from cancer, despite what some claim. Like my
         | grandma said, "it is your reward for surviving absolutely
         | everything else that could have got you" (she beat 3 different
         | kinds of cancer before losing to a 4th, with 'resources')
        
       | dkislyuk wrote:
       | From Walter Isaacson's _Steve Jobs_:
       | 
       | > One of Bill Atkinson's amazing feats (which we are so
       | accustomed to nowadays that we rarely marvel at it) was to allow
       | the windows on a screen to overlap so that the "top" one clipped
       | into the ones "below" it. Atkinson made it possible to move these
       | windows around, just like shuffling papers on a desk, with those
       | below becoming visible or hidden as you moved the top ones. Of
       | course, on a computer screen there are no layers of pixels
       | underneath the pixels that you see, so there are no windows
       | actually lurking underneath the ones that appear to be on top. To
       | create the illusion of overlapping windows requires complex
       | coding that involves what are called "regions." Atkinson pushed
       | himself to make this trick work because he thought he had seen
       | this capability during his visit to Xerox PARC. In fact the folks
       | at PARC had never accomplished it, and they later told him they
       | were amazed that he had done so. "I got a feeling for the
       | empowering aspect of naivete", Atkinson said. "Because I didn't
       | know it couldn't be done, I was enabled to do it." He was working
       | so hard that one morning, in a daze, he drove his Corvette into a
       | parked truck and nearly killed himself. Jobs immediately drove to
       | the hospital to see him. "We were pretty worried about you", he
       | said when Atkinson regained consciousness. Atkinson gave him a
       | pained smile and replied, "Don't worry, I still remember
       | regions."
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | I think the difference between the Apple and Xerox approach may
         | be more complicated than the people at PARC not knowing how to
         | do this. The Alto doesn't have a framebuffer, each window has
         | its own buffer and the microcode walks the windows to work out
         | what to put on each scanline.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Not doubting that, but what is the substantive difference
           | here? Does the fact that there is a screen buffer on the Mac
           | facilitate clipping that is otherwise not possible on the
           | Alto?
        
             | lambdaone wrote:
             | It allows the Mac to use far less RAM to display
             | overlapping windows, and doesn't require any extra
             | hardware. Individual regions are refreshed independently of
             | the rest of the screen, with occlusion, updates, and
             | clipping managed automatically,
        
               | saghm wrote:
               | Yeah, it seems like the hard part of this problem isn't
               | merely coming up with a solution that technically is
               | correct, but one that also is efficient enough to be
               | actually useful. Throwing specialized or more expensive
               | hardware at something is a valid approach for problems
               | like this, but all else being equal, having a lower
               | hardware requirement is better.
        
               | al_borland wrote:
               | I was just watching an interview with Andy Hertzfeld
               | earlier today and he said this was the main challenge of
               | the Macintosh project. How to take a $10k system (Lisa)
               | and run it on a $3k system (Macintosh).
               | 
               | He said they drew a lot of inspiration from Woz on the
               | hardware side. Woz was well known for employing lots of
               | little hacks to make things more efficient, and the
               | Macintosh team had to apply the same approach to
               | software.
        
             | aaronharder wrote:
             | More details here:
             | https://www.folklore.org/I_Still_Remember_Regions.html
        
             | rsync wrote:
             | Displaying graphics (of any kind) without a framebuffer is
             | called "racing the beam" and is technically quite difficult
             | and involves managing the real world speed of the electron
             | beam with the cpu clock speed ... as in, if you tax the cpu
             | too much the beam goes by and you missed it ...
             | 
             | The _very characteristic_ horizontally stretched graphics
             | of the Atari 2600 are due to this - the CPU was actually
             | too slow, in a sense, for the electron beam which means
             | your horizontal graphic elements had a fairly large minimum
             | width - you couldn 't change the output fast enough.
             | 
             | I strongly recommend:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing_the_Beam
             | 
             | ... which goes into great detail on this topic and is one
             | of my favorite books.
        
             | ehaliewicz2 wrote:
             | It definitely makes it simpler. You can do a per-screen
             | window sort, rather than per-pixel :).
             | 
             | Per-pixel sorting while racing the beam is tricky, game
             | consoles usually did it by limiting the number of objects
             | (sprites) per-line, and fetching+caching them before the
             | line is reached.
        
           | mjevans wrote:
           | Reminds me of a GPU's general workflow. (like the sibling
           | comment, 'isn't that the obvious way this is done'? Different
           | drawing areas being hit by 'firmware' / 'software'
           | renderers?)
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | Pretty awesome story, but also with a bit of dark lining. Of
         | course any owner, and triple that for Jobs, loves over-
         | competent guys who work themselves to the death, here almost
         | literally.
         | 
         | But that's not a recipe for personal happiness for most people,
         | and most of us would not end up contributing revolutionary
         | improvements even if done so. World needs awesome workers, and
         | we also need ie awesome parents or just happy balanced content
         | people (or at least some part of those).
        
           | 1123581321 wrote:
           | Pretty much. Most of us have creative itches to scratch that
           | make us a bit miserable if we never get to pursue them, even
           | if given a comfortable life. It's circumstantial whether we
           | get to pursue them as entrepreneurs or employees. The users
           | or enjoyers of our work benefit either way.
        
             | kevinventullo wrote:
             | Just to add on, some of us have creative itches that are
             | not directly monetizable, and for which there may be no
             | users or enjoyers of our work at all (if there are, all the
             | better!).
             | 
             | Naturally I don't expect to do such things for a living.
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | What is the dark lining? Do you think Atkinson did not feel
           | totally satisfied with his labour?
           | 
           | And I don't think anyone said that that's the only way to be
        
           | richardw wrote:
           | Survivorship bias. The guys going home at 5 went home at 5
           | and their companies are not written about. It's dark but
           | we've been competing for a while as life forms and this is
           | "dark-lite" compared to what our previous generations had to
           | do.
           | 
           | Some people are competing, and need to make things happen
           | that can't be done when you check out at 5. Or more
           | generally: the behaviour that achieves the best outcome for a
           | given time and place, is what succeeds and forms the legends
           | of those companies.
           | 
           | If you choose one path, know your competitors are testing the
           | other paths. You succeed or fail partly based on what your
           | most extreme competitors are willing to do, sometimes with
           | some filters for legality and morality. (I.e. not universally
           | true for all countries or times.)
           | 
           | Edit: I currently go home at 5, but have also been the person
           | who actually won the has-no-life award. It's a continuum, and
           | is context specific. Both are right and sometimes one is
           | necessary.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | That's not quite how I read the story. Jobs didn't ask
           | Atkinson if he remembered regions - Atkinson brought it up.
        
             | asveikau wrote:
             | It's also a joke, and a pretty good one at that. Shows a
             | sense of humor.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | With overlapping rectangular windows (slightly simpler case
         | than ones with rounded corners) you can expect visible regions
         | of windows that are not foremost to be, for example, perhaps
         | "L" shaped, perhaps "T" shaped (if there are many windows and
         | they overlap left and right edges). Bill's region structure
         | was, as I understand it, more or less a RLE (run-length
         | encoded) representation of the visible rows of a window's
         | bounds. The region for the topmost window (not occluded in any
         | way) would indicate the top row as running from 0 to width-of-
         | window (or right edge of the display if clipped by the
         | display). I believe too there was a shortcut to indicate "oh,
         | and the following rows are identical" so that an un-occluded
         | rectangular window would have a pretty compact region
         | representation.
         | 
         | Windows partly obscured would have rows that may not begin at
         | 0, may not continue to width-of-window. Window regions could
         | even have holes if a skinnier window was on top and within the
         | width of the larger background window.
         | 
         | The cleverness, I think, was then to write fast routines to
         | add, subtract, intersect, and union regions, and rectangles of
         | this structure. Never mind quickly traversing them, clipping to
         | them, etc.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | The QuickDraw source code refers to the contents of the
           | Region structure as an "unpacked array of sorted inversion
           | points". It's a little short on details, but you can sort of
           | get a sense of how it works by looking at the implementation
           | of PtInRgn(Point, RegionHandle):
           | 
           | https://github.com/historicalsource/supermario/blob/9dd3c4be.
           | ..
           | 
           | As far as I can tell, it's a bounding box (in typical L/T/R/B
           | format), followed by a sequence of the X/Y coordinates of
           | every "corner" inside the region. It's fairly compact for
           | most region shapes which arise from overlapping rectangular
           | windows, and very fast to perform hit tests on.
        
         | bluedino wrote:
         | > In fact the folks at PARC had never accomplished it, and they
         | later told him they were amazed that he had done so.
         | 
         | Reminds me of the story where some company was making a new VGA
         | card, and it was rumored a rival company had implemented a
         | buffer of some sort in their card. When both cards came out the
         | rival had either not actually implemented it or implemented a
         | far simpler solution
        
           | alanfalcon wrote:
           | An infamous Starcraft example also contains notes of a
           | similar story where they were so humbled by a competitor's
           | demo (and criticism that their own game was simply "Warcraft
           | in space") that they went back and significantly overhauled
           | their game.
           | 
           | Former Ion Storm employees later revealed that Dominion's E3
           | 1996 demo was pre-rendered, with actors pretending to play,
           | not live gameplay.
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | Similar tale with propaganda and stats with asterisks
             | missing about the MiG-25 leading to the requirements for
             | the F-15 being very high.
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | Bill Atkinson, all smiles as he receives applause from the
         | audience for his work on Mac Paint:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhISGtLhPx4
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | That's a great video. Everything he does gets applause and he
           | is all (embarrassed?) grins.
        
         | pducks32 wrote:
         | Would someone mind explaining the technical aspect here? I feel
         | with modern compute and OS paradigms I can't appreciate this.
         | But even now I know that feeling when you crack it and the
         | thrill of getting the imposible to work.
         | 
         | It's on all of us to keep the history of this field alive and
         | honor the people who made it all possible. So if anyone would
         | nerd out on this, I'd love to be able to remember him that way.
         | 
         | (I did read this
         | https://www.folklore.org/I_Still_Remember_Regions.html but
         | might be not understanding it fully)
        
           | giovannibajo1 wrote:
           | There were far fewer abstraction layers than today. Today
           | when your desktop application draws something, it gets drawn
           | into a context (a "buffer") which holds the picture of the
           | whole window. Then the window manager / compositor simply
           | paints all the windows on the screen, one on top of the
           | other, in the correct priority (I'm simplifying a lot, but
           | just to get the idea). So when you are programing your
           | application, you don't care about other applications on the
           | screen; you just draw the contents of your window and that's
           | done.
           | 
           | Back at the time, there wouldn't be enough memory to hold a
           | copy of the full contents all possible windows. In fact,
           | there were actually zero abstraction layers: each application
           | was responsible to draw itself directly into the framebuffer
           | (array of pixels), into its correct position. So how to
           | handle overlapping windows? How could each application draw
           | itself on the screen, but _only_ on the pixels not covered by
           | other windows?
           | 
           | QuickDraw (the graphics API written by Atkinson) contained
           | this data structure called "region" which basically represent
           | a "set of pixels", like a mask. And QuickDraw drawing
           | primitives (eg: text) supported clipping to a region. So each
           | application had a region instance representing all visible
           | pixels of the window at any given time; the application would
           | then clip all its drawing to the region, so that only the
           | visibile pixels would get updated.
           | 
           | But how was the region implemented? Obviously it could have
           | not been a mask of pixels (as in, a bitmask) as it would use
           | too much RAM and would be slow to update. In fact, think that
           | the region datastructure had to be quick at doing also
           | operations like intersections, unions, etc. as the operating
           | system had to update the regions for each window as windows
           | got dragged around by the mouse.
           | 
           | So the region was implemented as a bounding box plus a list
           | of visible horizontal spans (I think, I don't know exactly
           | the details). When you represent a list of spans, a common
           | hack is to use simply a list of coordinates that represent
           | the coordinates at which the "state" switches between "inside
           | the span" to "outside the span". This approach makes it for
           | some nice tricks when doing operations like intersections.
           | 
           | Hope this answers the question. I'm fuzzy on many details so
           | there might be several mistakes in this comment (and I
           | apologize in advance) but the overall answer should be good
           | enough to highlight the differences compared to what
           | computers to today.
        
       | scrlk wrote:
       | Bill Atkinson demoing MacPaint at the Macintosh introduction in
       | 1984: https://youtu.be/1tQ5XwvjPmA?t=1781
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Plenty of interviews will Bill on YouTube. Example:
         | https://youtu.be/dhlKTRU--VA
         | 
         | Also, perhaps the General Magic documentary is a fun watch too:
         | https://youtu.be/JQymn5flcek
        
       | iainmerrick wrote:
       | One of my favourite Atkinson stories -- I can't remember if this
       | is on folklore.org or somewhere else -- is that he actually
       | implemented editable text in MacPaint, by scanning the bitmap for
       | character shapes, but chose not to ship that feature because it
       | could never be perfect. Amazing technical skill _and_ great taste
       | and judgement.
        
         | duskwuff wrote:
         | Here's the story - https://folklore.org/MacPaint_Evolution.html
        
       | gavmor wrote:
       | If you haven't, check out the documentary[0] on General Magic
       | which Bill co-founded in 1990. Among the more remarkable scenes
       | in there is when a member of the public seems perplexed by the
       | thought that they would even _want_ to  "check email from Times
       | Square."
       | 
       | An unthinkable future, but they thought it. And yet, most folks
       | have never heard of General Magic.
       | 
       | 0. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQymn5flcek
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Invaluable film if you believe Apple invented the smart phone.
        
           | gavmor wrote:
           | Invaluable film if you believe invention is what made Apple
           | valuable.
        
       | mitchbob wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Atkinson
       | 
       | Bill on Steve Jobs and HyperCard:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/kzKCZN3UsRQ?si=eNIsysWdrjp2tHwd
       | 
       | Black bar, please.
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | worth watching the full show, was very interesting
        
       | mindslight wrote:
       | The contents of the link do not pertain to the title.
       | 
       | > _You must log in to continue._
       | 
       | > _Log Into Facebook_
       | 
       | > _You must log in to continue._
       | 
       | I suggest finding a URL with some actual information content.
        
         | frou_dh wrote:
         | Are you doing a Comic-Book-Guy impersonation?
        
           | mindslight wrote:
           | No, just someone who isn't steeped in surveillance culture.
           | My obtuseness is just a direct response to the obtuseness of
           | the surveillance industry demanding "consent" when I'm trying
           | to read about someone's death. I have also entered throwaway
           | nyms for the online streams of family funerals that have
           | tried to bundle abusive legal terms. What's socially gauche
           | here is letting a moment of mourning turn into leverage for
           | the surveillance industry.
        
       | LightBug1 wrote:
       | Wow ... made my first app on Hypercard in high school ... Loved
       | it.
       | 
       | RIP Mr Bill Atkinson
        
       | edbaskerville wrote:
       | I wish I could have met him before he died.
       | 
       | I'm yet another child of HyperCard. It opened my mind to what
       | computers could be for, and even though the last two decades have
       | been full primarily of disappointment, I still hold onto that
       | other path as a possibility, or even as a slice of reality---a
       | few weeds growing in the cracks of our dystopian concrete.
        
       | TruffleLabs wrote:
       | I loved his PhotoCard app as it allowed for image customization
       | of the stamp and ability to be printed on very high quality card
       | stock and ink.
        
       | dondakirme wrote:
       | RIP
        
       | baumgarn wrote:
       | I fondly remember creating simple narrative stories and games
       | with HyperCard at 6 years old on my dad's Macintosh SE. It was my
       | first contact with programming and a fundamental seed to using
       | the computer as a creative tool. It has shaped my life in a
       | substantial way. RIP Bill - HN bar should be blacked out.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | When I was on the ColorSync team at Apple we, the engineers, got
       | an invite to his place-in-the-woods one day.
       | 
       | I knew who he was at the time, but for some reason I felt I was
       | more or less beholden to conversing only about color-related
       | issues and how they applied to a computer workflow. Having
       | retired, I have been kicking myself for some time not just
       | chatting with him about ... whatever.
       | 
       | He was at the time I met him very in to a kind of digital
       | photography. My recollection was that he had a high-end drum
       | scanner and was in fact scanning film negatives (medium format
       | camera?) and then going with a digital workflow from that point
       | on. I remember he was excited about the way that "darks" could be
       | captured (with the scanner?). A straight analog workflow would,
       | according to him, cause the darks to roll off (guessing the film
       | was not the culprit then, perhaps the analog printing process).
       | 
       | He excitedly showed us on his computer photos he took along the
       | Pacific ocean of large rock outcroppings against the ocean --
       | pointing out the detail that you could see in the shadow of the
       | rocks. He was putting together a coffee table book of his photos
       | at the time.
       | 
       | I have to say that I mused at the time about a wealthy, retired,
       | engineer who throws money at high end photo gear and suddenly
       | thinks they're a photographer. I think I was weighing his
       | "technical" approach to photography vs. a strictly artistic one.
       | Although, having learned more about Ansel Adams technical chops,
       | perhaps for the best photographers there is overlap.
        
         | gxs wrote:
         | > I have to say that I mused at the time about a wealthy,
         | retired, engineer who throws money at high end photo gear and
         | suddenly thinks they're a photographer
         | 
         | I think this says more about you than it does about him
        
           | viccis wrote:
           | It's true though. This effect is what keeps companies like
           | PRS in business.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | There's a whole industry of prosumer stuff in ... well,
             | many industries.
             | 
             | Power tools definitely have it!
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please don't cross into personal attack. The cost outweighs
           | any benefit.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | gxs wrote:
             | Ugh I hate that you're almost always right
             | 
             | I was about to argue but then I saw this part
             | 
             | > The cost outweighs any benefit.
             | 
             | And this is absolutely true - there is a benefit but it
             | doesn't mean it's worth it
             | 
             | Either way my bad, I should have elaborated and been more
             | gentle instead of just that quip
        
           | spiralcoaster wrote:
           | This is absolutely true and I don't understand why you're
           | being downvoted. Especially in the context of this man just
           | recently dying, there's someone throwing in their elitist
           | opinion about photographers and how photography SHOULD be
           | done, and apparently Bill was doing it wrong.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Well, I certainly didn't mean for it to come across that
             | way. I wasn't saying this _was_ the case with Bill. To be
             | clear, I saw nothing bad about Bill 's photos. (Also I'm
             | not really versed enough in professional photography to
             | have a valid opinion even if I didn't like them and so
             | would not have publicly weighed in on them anyway.)
             | 
             | I was though being honest about how I felt at that time --
             | debated whether to keep it to myself or not today (but I
             | always foolishly error on the side of being forthcoming).
             | 
             | Perhaps it's a strange thing to imagine that someone would
             | pursue in their spare time, especially after retired, what
             | they did professionally.
        
             | brulard wrote:
             | He said "at the time". If I say "I thought X at the time"
             | it implies I have reconsidered since. Your parents comment
             | was unnecessarily condescending
        
               | gxs wrote:
               | It's just the timing and how he said it, especially
               | considering the tone of the message overall
               | 
               | But the irony isn't lost on me that I myself shouldn't
               | have been so mean about it
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I don't deny that. That's probably true about a lot of
           | observations.
        
         | throwanem wrote:
         | There probably still isn't a good way to get that kind of
         | dynamic range entirely in the digital domain. Oh, I'm sure the
         | shortfall today is smaller, say maybe four or five stops versus
         | probably eight or twelve back then. Nonetheless, I've done
         | enough work in monochrome to recognize an occasional need to
         | work around the same limitations he was, even though very few
         | of my subjects are as demanding.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I wish a good monochrome digital camera didn't cost a small
           | fortune. And I'm too scared to try to remove the Bayer grid
           | from a "color" CCD.
           | 
           | Seems that, without the color/Bayer thing, you could get an
           | extra stop or two for low-light.
           | 
           | I had a crazy notion to make a camera around an astronomical
           | CCD (often monochrome) but they're not cheap either -- at
           | least one with a good pixel count.
        
             | throwanem wrote:
             | I've replaced my D5300's viewfinder focusing screen a
             | couple of times, back before I outgrew the need for
             | focusing aids. I also wouldn't try debayering its sensor!
             | But that sort of thing is what cheap beater bodies off your
             | friendly local camera store's used counter, or eBay, were
             | made for. Pixel count isn't everything, and how better to
             | find out whether the depth of your interest would reward
             | serious investment, than to see whether and how soon it
             | outgrows _un_ serious? Indeed, my own entire interest in
             | photography has developed just so, out of a simple
             | annoyance at having begun to discover what a 2016 phone
             | camera couldn't do.
        
         | lanyard-textile wrote:
         | :) Color in the computer is a good "whatever" topic.
         | 
         | Sometimes it's just nice to talk about the progress of
         | humanity. Nothing better than being a part of it, the gears
         | that make the world turn.
        
       | gdubs wrote:
       | Atkinson's work is so influential. From his contributions to the
       | Macintosh team, to HyperCard, Bill was an inspiration to me and
       | showed the power of merging art & technology.
       | 
       | Thanks for everything, Bill -- Rest in Peace.
        
       | wesnerm2 wrote:
       | Atkinson's HyperCard was released in 1987, before the widespread
       | adoption of the web. HyperCard introduced concepts like
       | interactive stacks of cards, scripting, and linking, which were
       | later adopted and expanded upon in the web. Robert Cailliau, who
       | assisted Tim Berners-Lee in developing the first web browser, was
       | influenced by HyperCard's hyperlink concept.
        
       | davisr wrote:
       | I first met Bill over video-chat during 2020 and we got to know
       | each other a bit. He later sent me a gift that changed my life.
       | We hadn't talked for the past couple years, but I know he
       | experienced "death" before and was as psychologically prepared as
       | anyone could be. I have no doubt that he handled the biggest trip
       | of his life with grace. We didn't always see eye-to-eye when it
       | came to software, but we did share a mutual interest in the
       | unknown, and the meaning of it all. Meet ya on the other side,
       | Bill.
        
         | fingerlocks wrote:
         | Don't leave us hanging. What was the gift?
        
           | cess11 wrote:
           | Perhaps there were enough clues in the message to figure it
           | out.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Perhaps a colorful postcard with the message:
             | 
             | * <= Lick This Spot
             | 
             | (You may be one of the Lucky 20!)
        
       | happycube wrote:
       | CHM posted MacPaint and QuickDraw source:
       | https://computerhistory.org/blog/macpaint-and-quickdraw-sour...
        
       | kapitanjakc wrote:
       | I've read stories about him on folklore.
       | 
       | He was a good man and great engineer.
       | 
       | RIP
        
       | thought_alarm wrote:
       | Bill Atkinson was a very fascinating guy. His interview with Leo
       | Laporte from 2013 is a great listen.
       | 
       | Here's a little 6 minute clip: An acid trip, and the origins of
       | Hypercard.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdJKjBHCh18
        
       | bilekas wrote:
       | I need a facebook account to see this post ?
       | 
       | Can we get a better link maybe on the homepage ?
        
         | rmason wrote:
         | Here's a post that quotes the original Facebook post and adds
         | some personal comments.
         | 
         | https://daringfireball.net/linked/2025/06/07/bill-atkinson-r...
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Thanks! I've changed the link to that from https://m.facebook
           | .com/story.php?story_fbid=1023807357996337... above (but put
           | the original URL in the top text so people can read both).
        
       | bigstrat2003 wrote:
       | For anyone (like me) wondering who this guy was, he was a
       | prominent UI guy at Apple back in the day. According to Wikipedia
       | he created the menu bar, QuickDraw, and HyperCard.
       | 
       | For whomever submits stories like this, _please_ say who the
       | person was. Very few people are so famous that everyone in tech
       | knows who they were, and Mr. Atkinson was not one of them. I 've
       | heard of his accomplishments, but never the man himself.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | He was more then a prominent UI guy - back then he was designer
         | and programmer - designing and coding the foundations.
        
         | gdubs wrote:
         | Adding a bit more context: The World Wide Web arguably exists
         | because of HyperCard. The idea that information can be
         | hyperlinked together.
         | 
         | Atkinson was a brilliant engineer. As critical to the launch of
         | A Macintosh as anyone -- efficient rendering of regions,
         | overlapping windows, etc.
         | 
         | And last but not least, Mac Paint. Every computer painting
         | program in existence owes Atkinson a nod.
        
           | btilly wrote:
           | The idea that information can be hyperlinked together
           | predated HyperCard by decades. It goes back to
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-
           | we-m..., which was written in 1945. The same essay also has
           | the fundamental ideas for a citation index.
           | 
           | This gave rise both to the Science Citation Index and to
           | various hypertext systems. For example the famous 1968
           | presentation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJDv-zdhzMY, now
           | known as "The Mother of All Demos", demonstrated a working
           | hypertext system among the other jaw-dropping
           | accomplishments.
           | 
           | HyperCard brought hypertext to commodity hardware. The Web
           | made a distributed hypertext system viable. Google's PageRank
           | recombined hypertext and the Science Citation Index to make
           | the web more usable. And all of the key insights trace back
           | to Vannevar Bush. Who was able to have such deep insights in
           | 1945 because he had been working in, and thinking about,
           | computing at least since 1927.
           | 
           | The history of important ideas in computing generally goes
           | far deeper than most programmers are aware.
        
             | gdubs wrote:
             | I'm not claiming the idea didn't exist but Atkinson's
             | HyperCard turned it into a viable product and the creators
             | of the web credited him for their inspiration.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | It's not just the links, more importantly it had:
               | on mouseDown         answer "HyperTalk!" with "OK"
               | end mouseDown
        
           | jcynix wrote:
           | > The idea that information can be hyperlinked together.
           | 
           | HyperCard was really cool and I miss it. Its most important
           | feature IMO was to enable non-programmers to rather easily
           | author useful software. As happend with Excel.
           | 
           | The idea that information can be hyperlinked is much older
           | than HyperCard. Check out Ted Nelson and his
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Xanadu which predates
           | HyperCard by more than a decade.
           | 
           | And then there was the
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolics_Document_Examiner, or
           | GNU Texinfo and its precursors besides many other attempts.
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | Several previous top-level comments address Atkinson's
         | accomplishments, but I agree with you in principle.
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | People are showing you respect when they credit you with the
         | ability to Google things yourself.
        
       | iwontberude wrote:
       | HyperCard was my introduction to programming. It was the first
       | time I used a programming language on my mom's old Macintosh
       | IIci. It really has been a long time. Thank you, Bill.
        
       | bill_mcgonigle wrote:
       | People today take the WIMP interface for granted and forget about
       | the pioneers who invented it.
       | 
       | It's really sad to see desktop apps adopt hamburger menus and
       | things that make sense on mobile but make life harder on a
       | desktop built for WIMP.
       | 
       | Thank you, Bill! Some days I'd rather be using your interface.
        
       | winterrx wrote:
       | Rest in peace.
        
       | empressplay wrote:
       | HyperCard Simulator: https://hcsimulator.com ViperCard HyperCard
       | re-imagining: https://www.vipercard.net/
        
         | sgt wrote:
         | HyperCard also inspired Myst (the game), if I recall correctly
        
           | Uvix wrote:
           | The initial (Mac-only) version of Myst was built in
           | HyperCard.
        
       | pcdoodle wrote:
       | Oh man, he's a legend. My condolences to any family members
       | passing by in remembrance. My highest respect goes to those with
       | the tenacity and character required to force a good idea into
       | existence. Bill inspired many people. While reading about him in
       | "Revolution in the Valley", it felt like it recalibrated my own
       | personal compass and gave me a sense of purpose in my own
       | endeavors.
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21779399
       | 
       | DonHopkins on Dec 13, 2019 | parent | context | favorite | on:
       | Bill Atkinson: Reflections on the 40th anniversary...
       | 
       | I recently posted these thoughts about Bill Atkinson, and links
       | to articles and a recent interview he gave to Brad Myers' user
       | interface class at CMU:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21726302
       | 
       | Bill Atkinson is the humblest, sweetest, most astronomically
       | talented guy -- practically the opposite of Rony Abovitz! I think
       | they're on very different drugs. The Psychedelic Inspiration For
       | Hypercard, by Bill Atkinson, as told to Leo Laporte.
       | 
       | "In 1985 I swallowed a tiny fleck of gelatin containing a medium
       | dose of LSD, and I spent most of the night sitting on a concrete
       | park bench outside my home in Los Gatos, California." ...
       | 
       | https://www.mondo2000.com/2018/06/18/the-inspiration-for-hyp...
       | 
       | Full interview with lots more details about the development of
       | HyperCard:
       | 
       | https://twit.tv/shows/triangulation/episodes/247?autostart=f...
       | 
       | Bill Atkinson's guest lecture in Brad Meyer's CMU 05-640
       | Interaction Techniques class, Spring 2019, Feb 4, 2019:
       | 
       | https://scs.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=...
       | 
       | Including polaroids of early Lisa development.
       | 
       | About PhotoCard:
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20110303033205/http://www.billat...
       | 
       | PhotoCard by Bill Atkinson is a free app available from the
       | iTunes App store, that allows you to create custom postcards
       | using Bill's nature photos or your own personal photos, then send
       | them by email or postal mail from your iPad, iPhone or iPod
       | touch.
       | 
       | Bill Atkinson, Mac software legend and world renowned nature
       | photographer, has created an innovative application that
       | redefines how people create and send postcards.
       | 
       | With PhotoCard you can make dazzling, high resolution postcards
       | on your iPad, iPhone or iPod touch, and send them on-the-spot,
       | through email or the US Postal Service. The app is amazingly easy
       | to use. To create a PhotoCard, select one of Bill's nature photos
       | or one of your own personal photos. Then, flip the card over to
       | type your message. For a fun touch, jazz up your PhotoCard with
       | decorative stickers and stamps. If you're emailing your card, it
       | can even include an audible greeting. When you've finished your
       | creation, send it off to any email or postal address in the
       | world!
       | 
       | pvg on Dec 13, 2019 | prev [-]
       | 
       | Was this bit about LSD and Hypercard covered before what seems
       | like a 2016 interview and some later articles? So much has been
       | written about HyperCard (and MacPaint and QuickDraw) I'm
       | wondering if I somehow managed to miss it in all that material.
       | 
       | DonHopkins on Dec 13, 2019 | parent | next [-]
       | 
       | As far as I know, the first time Bill Atkinson publically
       | mentioned that LSD inspired HyperCard was in an interview with
       | Leo Laporte on Apr 25th 2016, which claims to be "Part 2". I have
       | searched all over for part 1 but have not been able to find it.
       | Then Mondo 2000 published a transcript of that part of the
       | interview on June 18 2018, and I think a few other publications
       | repeated it around that time.
       | 
       | And later on Feb 4, 2019 he gave a live talk to Brad Myers'
       | "05-640: Interaction Techniques" user interface design class at
       | CMU, during which he read the transcript.
       | 
       | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bam/uicourse/05440inter2019/schedule....
       | 
       | It's well worth watching that interview. He went over and
       | explained all of his amazing Polaroids of Lisa development, which
       | I don't think have ever been published anywhere else.
       | 
       | See Bill Atkinson's Lisa development polaroids:
       | 
       | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bam/uicourse/05440inter2019/Bill_Atki...
       | 
       | Then at 1:03:15 a student asked him the million dollar question:
       | what was the impetus and motivation behind HyperCard? He
       | chuckled, reached for the transcript he had off-camera, and then
       | out of the blue he asked the entire class "How many of you guys
       | have done ... a psychedelic?" (Brad reported "No hands", but I
       | think some may have been embarrassed to admit it in front of
       | their professor). So then Bill launched into reading the
       | transcript of the LSD HyperCard story, and blew all the students'
       | minds.
       | 
       | See video of Bill's talk:
       | 
       | https://scs.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=...
       | 
       | The next week I gave a talk to the same class that Bill had just
       | traumatized by asking if they'd done illegal drugs, and (at
       | 37:11) I trolled them by conspiratorially asking: "One thing I
       | wanted to ask the class: Have any of you ever used ... (pregnant
       | pause) ... HyperCard? Basically, because in 1987 I saw HyperCard,
       | and it fucking blew my mind." Then I launched into my description
       | of how important and amazing HyperCard was.
       | 
       | See video of Don's talk:
       | 
       | https://scs.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=...
       | 
       | Here is an index of all of the videos from Brad Myers'
       | interaction techniques class, including Rob Haitani (Palm Pilot),
       | Shumin Zhai (text input and swipe method), Dan Bricklin
       | (spreadsheets, Demo prototyping tool), Don Hopkins (pie menus),
       | and Bill Atkinson (Mac, HyperCard):
       | 
       | https://scs.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Sessions/List.a...
        
       | ayaros wrote:
       | A sad day for everyone. R.I.P. <3
        
       | carlosdp wrote:
       | I was just telling someone about the story of how he invented
       | bitmapping for overlapping windows in the first Mac GUI in like
       | two weeks, largely because he mis-remembered that being already a
       | feature in the Xerox PARC demo and was _convinced_ it was already
       | possible.
       | 
       | RIP to a legend
        
       | vercantez wrote:
       | Wow. One of the absolute greatest. The world truly is a different
       | place because of Bill. Bill's importance in the history of
       | computing cannot be overstated. Hypercard is probably my favorite
       | invention of his. So ahead of its time. Rest in peace Bill
        
       | jonstewart wrote:
       | I was just musing to a young team member the other day that I
       | think OOP comes easy to me because I learned HyperCard (v1.2 on
       | System 6 on an SE) at a young age. RIP.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | This was my experience too. My mom had a subscription to Byte
         | Magazine, and I remember trying to read the articles on OOP
         | when they came out. It was utterly opaque to me. When I started
         | using HyperCard, the light bulb turned on.
         | 
         | I think a subtle factor is that when learning HC (or Visual
         | Basic, or LabVIEW), you started _using_ objects before you
         | learned how to _create_ them. All of these packages came with
         | lots of pre-written objects that were easy to use. In the case
         | of VB, you had to buy a special version if you wanted to create
         | your own objects, and very few people did.
         | 
         | I think when teaching newer languages like Python, this is done
         | as a matter of course. For instance if you show someone how to
         | calculate a function and graph it, you're probably using
         | objects from something like Matplotlib, before being shown how
         | to create your own. And once again, among casual programmers,
         | relatively few people define their own classes.
        
       | malwrar wrote:
       | This post is a really beautiful farewell, thanks author for
       | including some examples of his work to smile at.
        
       | THENATHE wrote:
       | I know nothing about the fundamentals of "old computing" like
       | what Mr. Atkinson worked on as I am only 27 and have much more
       | contemporary experience. That being said, I still very greatly
       | mourn the loss of these old head techs because the world of tech
       | I use today would not have been possible if not for these
       | incredibly smart and talented individuals. To learn to code
       | without YouTube is truly a feat I could not imagine, and the
       | world will be a lesser place without this kind of ingenuity.
       | Hopefully he's making some computers in the sky a bit better!
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | It's amazing to remember that there was an entire generation of
         | computers and users for whom a _command line_ was a new and
         | modern invention!
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | I remember Bill from the halcyon days, surrounded by smoke and
       | mirrors. Amazing individual -- rest in Peace
        
       | blindriver wrote:
       | Another death from pancreatic cancer. I really hope we can figure
       | out why rates are skyrocketing because it is a silent killer and
       | usually isn't detected until it's too late.
        
       | jprd wrote:
       | HyperCard opened my mind as a kid in a way that I couldn't grok
       | until the first time I took Mushrooms. What a genius.
        
       | djmips wrote:
       | I'm a little shook. A hero to many GenX coders I'm sure - I'm one
       | of them. What a legend.
        
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