[HN Gopher] Autonomous drone defeats human champions in racing f...
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       Autonomous drone defeats human champions in racing first
        
       Author : picture
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2025-06-04 20:03 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tudelft.nl)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tudelft.nl)
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Bright futures for these engineers in the defense industry.
        
         | cluckindan wrote:
         | The same cannot be said about whoever runs the site.
        
         | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
         | bright futures in the darkest places.
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | This is only a few days after the massive drone attack in Russia.
       | Only a matter of time until we have drones smart enough to dodge
       | bullets (or at least dodge out of where guns are pointing) while
       | flying at breakneck speeds being controlled by AIs we don't fully
       | understand.
       | 
       | The tech industry is working hard to bring about the Terminator
       | future.
        
         | stackedinserter wrote:
         | OTOH there's no mass adoption of autonomous drones after 3+
         | years of real active war between two technologically advanced
         | nations.
        
           | Swoerd wrote:
           | -That you know of.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | As long as the end of civilization comes soon, we'll be fine!
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | The seeds of the Butlerian Jihad
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | There is already mass adoption of drones, the AI stuff is
           | only lagging behind slightly.
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | Are you sure?
           | 
           | One of the theories for why there were tires on top of the
           | russian planes that were bombed is that it confuses automatic
           | targeting systems by breaking up the profile of the airplane
           | used in automatic target recognition systems.
           | 
           | Hell, even hobbyist level DIY drone stuff can be easily
           | programmed to run an autonomous route with or without a radio
           | link connection. This is a huge reason that GPS is just
           | constantly jammed in this part of the world. If you can get a
           | GPS signal on the battlefield, you can tell a drone to go
           | destroy something.
        
           | dji4321234 wrote:
           | There's enormous adoption of autonomous drones.
           | 
           | A large number of front-line FPV drones are equipped with
           | automated last-second targeting systems like
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coUwYOyIoAU , based on
           | Chinese NPU IP / CCTV systems and readily available as full
           | solutions on Aliexpress. The basic idea is that if the drone
           | loses control or video link due to EW countermeasures, it can
           | continue to the last target.
           | 
           | Loitering and long-range fixed wing reconnaissance drones
           | have been fully autonomous since the beginning. One common
           | recent technique taken from traditional "big" militaries is
           | the use of loitering autonomous high altitude base stations
           | with Starlink or LTE on them providing coverage to the
           | battlefield below, since it's much harder to jam things when
           | they are flying high above the ground.
        
           | switchbak wrote:
           | Maybe we should come back to this in a few years, I think
           | this will have aged worse than the old dropbox comment.
           | 
           | Governments are falling over themselves to: acquire drones,
           | figure out how to defend against existing and future drones,
           | and to figure out how to exploit them well. Given the recent
           | attack against Russian bombers, I find it hard to take you
           | seriously here.
           | 
           | Hell, the US knows it can't compete with China on aircraft
           | numbers, and is placing its money on collaborative combat
           | aircraft to give it the advantage. That's about as strong an
           | endorsement as you can get.
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | This is portrayed in Ministry for the Future which describes AI
         | controlled swarms of small drones/bombs that fly apart and come
         | together at their target and are almost impossible to stop.
        
           | chrisweekly wrote:
           | Fantastic book, highly recommended.
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | Some of this stuff is getting to the point where we will
         | seriously need to have a global talk on whether we should put a
         | pin in this tech or not
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | As if the billionaires won't simply go "F that noise, more
           | money for me!!!" Ethical concerns are way down the priority
           | list for most AI focused companies.
        
           | jolt42 wrote:
           | why? if nuclear weapons got the green light, do you expect a
           | different outcome?
        
             | AlienRobot wrote:
             | Because nuclear weapons got the green light.
        
           | switchbak wrote:
           | I'm sure that everyone would agree on that, and that
           | $bad_actor wouldn't take advantage of the fact that everyone
           | else had agreed to lay down their arms. Game theory sucks,
           | but it's hard to get around.
        
           | tonyarkles wrote:
           | The child comments from yours are mentioning nuclear weapons
           | as a parallel but there's one big difference between drone
           | tech and nuclear weapons: plutonium is really hard to make.
           | 
           | We might be able to put a pin in this tech from a policy
           | perspective, but the cat is way out of the bag as far as the
           | tech goes. A cell phone already has all of the sensors you
           | need baked right into it (honestly, we can thank mobile
           | devices for getting the cost down). An ESC for a motor is a
           | cheap microcontroller and a couple of MOSFETs. The frames can
           | be made of cheap plastic. Even if things like ArduPilot
           | didn't exist, a smart EE student could build one from
           | scratch, including the flight control software, using parts
           | from Digikey and relatively basic PID control code.
           | 
           | The cat is definitely out of the bag.
        
             | bamboozled wrote:
             | A lunatic will be able to wipe out school children playing
             | outside and have little chance of getting caught, for
             | example.
             | 
             | Nice.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | There wouldn't be any pin in it. Drones - automated weapons
           | in the wide sense - will be the new MAD/equalizer weapon
           | accessible to smaller countries who have no chances of
           | getting into the nuclear club. Without such a weapon in the
           | coming new world order - marked specifically by the USA's
           | withdrawal from enforcing international law - they will be an
           | easy prey to the bigger countries. Ukraine is just a preview
           | of that equalizing power.
        
         | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
         | yeesh. i made this comparison once and HN told me that campy
         | action movies are bad to base policy on :\
        
         | nothrabannosir wrote:
         | Obligatory link to the short film (future documentary)
         | "Slaughterbots" (2017), which depicts exactly this in harrowing
         | detail:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-2tpwW0kmU
        
         | belter wrote:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/oddlysatisfying/comments/1l29eo5/dr...
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | >drones smart enough to dodge bullets
         | 
         | well, there will be similarly smart "predator"/defense drones.
         | The humans will have no chances on such a battlefield populated
         | by thousands drones per square kilometer fighting each other.
         | 
         | >The tech industry is working hard to bring about the
         | Terminator future.
         | 
         | And i think removing people from the battlefield is a good
         | thing.
         | 
         | >or at least dodge out of where guns are pointing
         | 
         | just a bit of arithmetic comparing new weapons - drones vs.
         | classic guns. Say a radar guided gun takes 1 sec. to train onto
         | a drone and shoot several bullets. The range is max 3 km (an
         | expensive 20mm-30mm autocannon like Pantsir) - 35 seconds for a
         | 200 miles/hour drone. Thus all it takes is maximum 36 such
         | drones coming simultaneously from all the directions to take
         | out that gun. At less than $1000/drone it is many times cheaper
         | than that radar guided gun. (and that without accounting for
         | the drones coming in very low and hiding behind trees, hills,
         | etc and without the first drones interfering with the radar say
         | by dropping a foil chaff clouds, etc.)
        
           | impossiblefork wrote:
           | >And i think removing people from the battlefield is a good
           | thing.
           | 
           | It is very dangerous, since it will mean that an organization
           | with enough drones can dominate society on its own. Much
           | better if humans were battlefield-relevant.
        
       | atonse wrote:
       | Oh man, can anyone imagine a non-Terminator scenario for this?
       | 
       | Update: I'm not saying people shouldn't develop this, we're never
       | going to squash human curiosity. But when I see this kind of
       | stuff, I'm deeply troubled by how bad actors (state and non-
       | state) will use this.
       | 
       | I hope our security services are working hard on countering these
       | potential threats.
        
         | jmccarthy wrote:
         | very prompt burrito delivery?
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | In china probably very soon. In the US? Regulation has
           | already killed that.
        
           | cluckindan wrote:
           | If by burrito you mean shaped charge high explosives with
           | lethal shrapnel, triggered by facial recognition, delivered
           | by drones the size of house sparrows at the speed of sound,
           | then yes, burrito delivery.
        
             | roughly wrote:
             | Christ, you sound like my nutritionist.
        
         | TYPE_FASTER wrote:
         | Inspecting utilities and other industrial infrastructure.
        
         | lbotos wrote:
         | I feel like search and rescue after an earthquake where a drone
         | swarm can canvas and categorize if it saw movement or not is
         | one possible "non-bad" use.
        
         | AlienRobot wrote:
         | Drones flying through your windows to deliver things faster.
         | 
         | Cons: massive invasion of privacy and probably illegal.
         | 
         | Pros: looks cool.
        
           | itishappy wrote:
           | I've always thought a user-installable drone-pad in the style
           | of a window AC unit would be the ideal.
        
         | AngryData wrote:
         | Im more worried about these type of things causing us to blast
         | each other and ourselves back to the 1920s or so during
         | conflicts when small explosive EMPs start being viewed as less
         | damaging than drones and robots. A fast explosive on the back
         | of a neodynium magnet and a few coils of copper can make a hell
         | of an EMP blast. The only reason we don't use them now is due
         | to all the collateral damage, but if drone bombs represent even
         | more damage they become viable. Yeah it will destroy all the
         | radios around and fuck up a bunch of expensive equipment, but
         | you would still have soldiers with guns rather than just
         | smoking craters.
        
           | Legend2440 wrote:
           | You could do EMP, but you could also do some sort of point-
           | defense turret. Drones are lightweight and fragile, so it
           | doesn't need to be big - just fast and auto-targeting.
        
       | siavosh wrote:
       | I man at this point, given what we know I'm sure someone smart
       | can connect some dots and describe what's inevitable with 99%
       | confidence just in the next year or two in terms of society
       | right?
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | The only question is whether motors or propellers will be
         | banned for private sale first. (After drones themselves, of
         | course.)
        
           | TechDebtDevin wrote:
           | I kind of prefer this, even without bombs i dont want
           | unregulated idiots dropping a drone on my head in an urban
           | space.
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | That's OK. There's probably something you like that I'd
             | like to ban, too.
        
           | siavosh wrote:
           | Yeah I man with each day the chance of a shocking event
           | increases to 100% with predictable outcomes. But yeah thats
           | what I'm thinking of .. there has to be a finite number of
           | dimensions for this and related technologies in terms of use
           | and impact (legal, economics, PR, military, political etc),
           | some are fuzzier than others but some should be pretty clear
           | for some analyst to share..
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Why? Just request a Waymo, and then put your suitcase nuke in
           | the backseat and watch it be delivered by AI. There's all
           | sorts of ways to kill with AI without needing drones
        
             | yunwal wrote:
             | Waymo is not anonymous
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | goodgooglymoogly, some people just are not creative
               | thinkers at all. you think someone with the ability of
               | creating a suitcase nuke isn't going to have the means to
               | have a fake identity specifically for this purpose? or
               | just steal someone else's? or being willing to make that
               | sacrifice so being anonymous isn't a requirement?
        
           | burningChrome wrote:
           | My first worry wouldn't be this.
           | 
           | I got out of doing drone work because of all the FAA
           | restrictions on where you can fly drones now. Within 30 miles
           | of a major metro area? Nope. Within 20 miles of an airport?
           | Nope. I'm exaggerating of course, but it got to a point where
           | I was having real problems trying to find areas where you can
           | fly a drone just for fun so I just gave up and quit.
           | 
           | My more immediate fear would be how the gov can control who
           | and where these drones will be able to fly. If some
           | revolutionary built a swarm of drones, it would be pretty
           | easy (I would think) for the gov to just jam the signal and
           | shut them down.
           | 
           | The parts? I'm not worried about. Its the gov holding the
           | keys to access that makes me more worried.
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | Jam what signal? You'd need a HERF gun to stop an
             | autonomous drone -- a real one, not something made from
             | recycled microwave oven parts -- and an EMP bomb of some
             | sort to stop a swarm of them.
        
         | TechDebtDevin wrote:
         | 10 years.. But yeah. Just wait until these things can move
         | through space with physical/gyro sensors on their own, at
         | affordable costs. When orin nano super is the cost of an Esp32
         | (and the size of).
         | 
         | No gps, no fiber, no 5g, no jamming except microwaves. A python
         | file and a target.
         | 
         | Scary times ahead.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | What do you mean just wait until? The entire point of TFA is
           | that AI is controlling the motors directly and not using some
           | human input device. So I guess it's just wait until you
           | actually read TFA and watch the embedded video?
        
           | itishappy wrote:
           | This is that. This race used only a single forward-facing
           | camera and IMU fed to an onboard Orin NX.
        
       | IshKebab wrote:
       | So is the processing happening on the drone? Presumably not...
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | Entirely, as is sensing.
        
       | ilikeatari wrote:
       | Looks like it had NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16 GB. No GPS, Lidar,
       | motion capture so its vision only. 6s battery so 5 incher?
        
       | airstrike wrote:
       | Interestingly, the URL for the embedded youtube video ends with
       | the word "FATE"...
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yz2in2eFATE
        
         | rossant wrote:
         | Gives me the idea for a silly game: finding YouTube videos with
         | words in their identifiers that are relevant to the content.
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | Meanwhile, many defense companies are quietly watching this
       | racing achievement far far away through their palantiri orb
       | researching who built that autonomous drone.
        
       | bri3d wrote:
       | This is quite cool since past efforts in this direction have
       | usually relied on crutches like outside-in imaging and
       | positioning.
       | 
       | A few details I picked up:
       | 
       | * The drones are a spec drone across the league. It's a fairly
       | large-footprint FPV racing drone (it's a 5" propped drone, but
       | it's very stretched out and quite heavy) with both a Betaflight
       | flight controller and a Jetson Orin NX onboard. Teams were only
       | allowed an IMU and a single forward camera.
       | 
       | * It's unclear to me whether the teams were allowed to bypass the
       | typical Betaflight flight controller which is present on the
       | drone and use direct IMU input and ESC commands from the Jetson,
       | or whether they were sending and receiving commands from the
       | flight controller and relying on its onboard rate stabilization
       | PID loop.
       | 
       | DCL is kind of a weird drone racing league since it's made for
       | TV; it's mostly simulator based with, more recently, only few
       | real events a year. The spec DCL drone isn't very capable
       | compared to the more open-specification drones in racing leagues
       | like MultiGP, in large part to keep the events more spectator
       | friendly. This probably makes it more amenable to AI, which is an
       | interesting side effect.
        
         | generalizations wrote:
         | From near the bottom:
         | 
         | > One of the core new elements of the drone's AI is the use of
         | a deep neural network that doesn't send control commands to a
         | traditional human controller, but directly to the motors.
        
           | bri3d wrote:
           | I saw that too - I'm assuming it means they're indeed using
           | the DNN for stabilization. This has been done several times
           | over the years, but generally with results which only rival
           | PID and don't surpass it, so that's quite interesting. What's
           | odd is that the physical architecture of the drone doesn't
           | really make sense for this, so there must be some tweaks
           | beyond the "spec" model. Hopefully some papers come soon
           | instead of press releases.
        
             | koolala wrote:
             | This is crazy, its dexterity and range of motion could
             | potentially exceed all human modeled systems.
        
           | HenryBemis wrote:
           | I assume that they shave off milliseconds by doing so, and a
           | gyroscope (or similar) sends back the position/angle of the
           | drone. And like this does it bypass the 'limited' onboard
           | computer and instead uses a much better/faster computer?
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | There's a few more details in the press release from the league
         | itself. Sounds like they were really trying to put these things
         | through their paces.
         | 
         | > The course design pushed the boundaries of perception-based
         | autonomy--featuring wide gate spacing, irregular lighting, and
         | minimal visual markers. The use of rolling shutter cameras
         | further heightened the difficulty, testing each team's ability
         | to deliver fast, stable performance under demanding conditions
         | 
         | https://a2rl.io/press-release/9/artificial-intelligence-triu...
        
         | NegativeLatency wrote:
         | I imagine the slower speed is a closer fit to combat drones
         | (which have a payload and sometimes a fiber optic cable)? Also
         | watching MultiGP they sorta move/accelerate too fast for me to
         | fully appreciate the maneuvering.
         | 
         | Feels kinda similar to the innovation around manned aircraft
         | about 100 years ago when we went from toy/observation platform
         | to killing machine in only a couple of decades. With the
         | ardupilot news today, it was hard to not watch this and imagine
         | the applications to a combat environment.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > I imagine the slower speed is a closer fit to combat drones
           | 
           | A lot of comments are trying to draw connections to combat
           | drones, but drone racing like this has been a hobby thing for
           | a long time. The capabilities of the drones are set to have
           | an even playing field, not to match combat drones or
           | anything.
           | 
           | These aren't meant to have any parallels to combat drones,
           | drones that fly long distances, or drones that carry
           | payloads.
           | 
           | It's really just a special-purpose hobby thing for flying
           | through a series of gates very quickly. Flight time measured
           | in a couple minutes, no provisions for carrying weight.
        
       | zellyn wrote:
       | Looks like most of the comments here are about the use as weapons
       | and the possible dangers. I believe "Slaughterbots" is the
       | canonical sci-fi video on the subject, and it appears to be aging
       | pretty well. Unfortunately...
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-2tpwW0kmU
        
       | 77pt77 wrote:
       | https://archive.is/wip/H3AAn
       | 
       | Since I can't access.
        
       | sveinatle wrote:
       | I remember being blown away by a TED talk were "minimum snap
       | trajectories" are planned for quadcopters to fly through hoops
       | and slots.
       | 
       | It's really cool to see this happening fully autonomously and at
       | such high speed. I wonder if the use of AI means that the
       | approach is fundamentally different, or if it uses the same
       | principle of minimizing snap?
       | 
       | https://www.ted.com/talks/vijay_kumar_robots_that_fly_and_co...
        
       | leeoniya wrote:
       | ELI5? so, presumably if you put this thing in front of any
       | starting gate it can navigate any course of similar gates?
       | 
       | or was it overfitted to this specific course?
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | They had no prior knowledge of the course.
        
       | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
       | ...why are we training skynet again?
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | because there is money in it ?
        
       | snewman wrote:
       | A few questions / thoughts:
       | 
       | 1. I didn't see it stated explicitly, but I presume the neural
       | net is on the far end of a radio link somewhere, not running on
       | hardware physically mounted on the drone?
       | 
       | 2. After viewing the FPV video on the linked page: how the hell
       | do human pilots even come close to this pace? Insane (even
       | assuming that the video they're seeing is higher quality than
       | what's shown on YouTube - is it?)
       | 
       | 3. The control software has access to an IMU. This seems to
       | represent some degree of unfair advantage? I presume the human
       | pilots don't have that - unless the IMU data is somehow overlaid
       | onto their FPV view (but even then, I can't imagine how much
       | practice would be needed to learn to make use of that in
       | realtime).
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | 1. It's entirely onboard.
         | 
         | 2. The video they're seeing is worse. Spectators typically see
         | the frames saved directly from the camera, but the pilot will
         | be seeing them compressed and beamed over the air to their
         | headset. See vid.
         | 
         | 3. The human pilots do actually have access to it. Not
         | directly, but the flight controller translates their inputs and
         | makes use of the IMU to do so.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMGRLGkm0QE
        
         | bri3d wrote:
         | 1) No, this is interesting specifically because it was all
         | onboard, the drone has Jetson Orin NX on it.
         | 
         | 2) No, the video the pilot sees is usually quite bad. Racing
         | pilots usually use either HDZero (mid resolution video with
         | weird pixel artifacts sometimes) or analog video (looks like a
         | broken 1980s VCR). It's amazing what they can fly through.
         | These DCP spec drones are also slow by racing standards. Look
         | up MultiGP racing, it's even faster.
         | 
         | 3) It can be overlaid but it's useless. The human pilot is
         | using the control sticks as the input to an outer rate
         | regulation loop which contains the gyro as input to an inner
         | stabilization loop though, so the IMU is still in the mix for
         | human control.
        
       | Quitschquat wrote:
       | The drone has a camera and a IMU while the human has only the
       | camera. How big is the advantage there?
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | Humans have a flight controller in the loop, which makes use of
         | the IMU. I doubt we'd be able to make much use of it.
        
       | koolala wrote:
       | This feels like a bigger deal than what Carmack is doing with an
       | Atari controller robot.
        
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       (page generated 2025-06-04 23:00 UTC)