[HN Gopher] IRS Direct File on GitHub
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       IRS Direct File on GitHub
        
       https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file
        
       Author : nickthegreek
       Score  : 372 points
       Date   : 2025-06-04 16:16 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (chrisgiven.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (chrisgiven.com)
        
       | hydrogen7800 wrote:
       | I figure that the source code is not the hard part of the IRS
       | making this available to the public, but the interoperability
       | with the revenue system, and its verified adherence to the
       | current tax code. Couldn't those things still be killed by the
       | administration even if the source code is available publicly?
        
         | xhevahir wrote:
         | Right, politicians and officials working on behalf of the tax-
         | filing lobby could introduce lots of changes to the tax code
         | with a view to making this software useless.
        
           | glookler wrote:
           | The point of open sourcing from a dying ship is that the
           | groups that can modify this software and resell it all start
           | from it as a baseline. Is TurboTax all lean mean code
           | available at a low enough price while still meeting profit
           | expectations if it needs drastic changes?
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | I mean... in some sense, it might be nice is the company
             | doing your tax preparation is _not_ too lean and mean,
             | their whole point is to eat the hit if they screw it up,
             | right? The math is not actually hard.
             | 
             | But, realistically, I guess if a self-service tax prep
             | company messed up your taxes, they'd make sure you end up
             | in arbitration.
        
         | BryantD wrote:
         | Yeah, absolutely. FWIW, the repo notes:
         | 
         | "Direct File interprets the United States' Internal Revenue
         | Code (26 USC) as plain language questions, the answers to which
         | should be known to taxpayers without need of external
         | instructions or publications. Taxpayers' answers are then
         | translated into standard tax forms and transmitted to the IRS's
         | Modernized e-File (MeF) API, which is available for authorized
         | public use."
         | 
         | So in theory it's useful now, but as you say it could easily
         | change.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | The tax code is riddled with euphemisms like EITC that don't
           | mean what it says on the tin. There's no way normies can
           | manage that without instructions.
        
             | kccqzy wrote:
             | I thought OP's point is that normies who have no idea what
             | EITC is can simply answer a series of simpler questions
             | that don't mention EITC, and the software figures out
             | whether they can claim the EITC.
        
             | gleenn wrote:
             | Yes but there are plenty of companies or people that may
             | want to know how the code works and would be motivated
             | enough to read through the code to understand it and having
             | it there in the public makes that possible.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | There are also ambiguous edge cases that can't be answered
             | until someone is audited and the IRS and the Tax attorney
             | hash it out in court.
             | 
             | For example I installed Solar panels many years ago and
             | read the exact wording on the Solar Tax Credit to try to
             | figure out if you could include roof repairs under the
             | panels in the credit. The wording was something like "all
             | costs associated with a solar install". Every installer I
             | talked to said yes, but it seemed dubious so I tried
             | calling the IRS help line to get the answer and the help
             | line was no help at all. A few years later and some court
             | battles lost and that answer is now firmly a "no", making
             | me glad I ignored the installer's advice.
             | 
             | How is tax prep software supposed to handle a situation
             | like that? Some of the for pay options include "audit
             | protection", but I don't know how far that goes. I guess
             | you can attempt to pass all liability on to the customer,
             | but even that seems a bit risky.
             | 
             | And definitely the IRS has its own jargon that doesn't
             | always make sense to the layperson. Why, for example, is a
             | form that you fill out once per tax year called a
             | "schedule"? It doesn't organize anything by date or time!
        
               | andylynch wrote:
               | Schedule can also mean an organised table or list,
               | especially in a formal context.
               | 
               | Legislation very often has a bunch of them at the back,
               | referred to from the main text.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Sounds like a business opportunity.
        
           | nitwit005 wrote:
           | The whole point of the program was to eliminate that business
           | opportunity.
        
             | gowld wrote:
             | Why? What's wrong with people getting paid to improve upon
             | the government's work?
        
               | braebo wrote:
               | Nothing but that's not what was happening.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | The idea is that normal people shouldn't have to pay to
               | do something the government requires everyone to do. I've
               | heard multiple non-Americans express amazement that
               | people with simple jobs have to do anything other than
               | confirm or perhaps update the data which the tax
               | collectors already have because they weren't thinking of
               | it from the perspective of being a useful marketing tool
               | for fearmongering about the government.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | I have told this story before here, but it's relevant.
               | 
               | In 2021, I filed my 2020 taxes, and a few months later I
               | get a letter from the IRS saying that I owed $8000
               | because I forgot to report a large stock transaction. I
               | owed $7000 + a $1000 fine.
               | 
               | I wasn't mad at all about the $7000, I definitely owed
               | that and it was just an oversight on my end, these things
               | happen, and I was able to get the fine lowered by calling
               | the IRS [1], so that wasn't a huge deal .
               | 
               | What _did_ annoy me was _why do I have to do anything?_
               | If the IRS knows about the transaction and is able to
               | complain about me not paying enough, that suggests that
               | they already have the information that I 'm sending them.
               | Why make me buy software and copy information from a
               | piece of paper into that software, just for the IRS to
               | check it against the numbers that they already have?
               | 
               | I understand that you might need to issue corrections,
               | and maybe the software should exist for something like
               | that, but it doesn't seem like it should exist otherwise.
               | 
               | [1] Who at least in my case was actually really polite
               | and helpful! I had heard horror stories but that was
               | definitely not the case for me. The people I talked to
               | were very sympathetic and nice.
        
               | throw678937 wrote:
               | They probably know less than you think. (Are you selling
               | stuff at the farmer's market for cash? Did you gift your
               | coin collection to your grandkids?) Making everyone file
               | reduces fraud somewhat - but whether that's worth the
               | country's time and effort is a different story.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | You might be right, are there any numbers on that? I feel
               | like primarily-cash businesses already underreport their
               | income.
        
               | PopAlongKid wrote:
               | > If the IRS knows about the transaction and is able to
               | complain about me not paying enough, that suggests that
               | they already have the information that I'm sending them.
               | 
               | You mistakenly assume that simply knowing what is on the
               | 1099-B form is sufficient to determine your tax on the
               | gain. They don't know if you are married or single or
               | head of household (filing status) in the current tax
               | year. They don't know what some of your itemized
               | deductions and other income not reported to them might be
               | (which in turn, along with filing status, determines what
               | marginal tax bracket you are in). They don't know if you
               | are actually just a nominee for someone else's income.
               | These are just a few examples. They don't know any of
               | this stuff until you tell them by filing your complete
               | return.
        
               | xp84 wrote:
               | > They don't know if you are married or single or head of
               | household (filing status) in the current tax year. They
               | don't know what some of your itemized deductions and
               | other income not reported to them might be
               | 
               | I think you're misinterpreting the GP's point. Clearly,
               | at least in our current system, it is essential to tell
               | the IRS the parts of the return that they don't already
               | know such as what are your expenses, deductions, marital
               | status, etc.
               | 
               | But the absurd thing is that the capture of the IRS by
               | the paid tax prep scammers has prevented them from simply
               | showing you what's on your tax transcripts and having you
               | click "Agree" or "Modify" for each one. Instead, you get
               | your own copy of the 1099-B, 1099-DIV, 1099-INTs, and are
               | administered a pointless "honesty test" to see if you'll
               | type in the same numbers they have, or be automatically
               | punished.
               | 
               | Obviously, Direct File was ideally situated to offer this
               | feature since IRS has the data themselves, and simply
               | populating the numbers is a highly efficient way of
               | ingesting the data into your return.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | I'd be surprised if they don't know that I'm married,
               | considering I've mentioned that I'm married on every tax
               | return for the last nine years, so they could send me a
               | form with all the stuff that they _do_ know about and ask
               | if they need me to correct anything, or if I have
               | anything else to declare. They could ask  "Are you still
               | married? Are you still married to the same person?" and
               | update stuff.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Solving a government-created problem shouldn't be a
               | business opportunity, the government just shouldn't
               | create the problem.
        
         | fitsumbelay wrote:
         | Piggybacking, I think the "hard part" also includes the decades
         | of success that the tax prep lobby's had in protecting its
         | business interests at the cost of US citizen's welfare.
         | Although the number of states that provide free direct filing
         | has grown from last year -- which I only remember to be
         | substantially less than the 25 who do so today -- it's unclear
         | what the problem is with the remaining 25 including DC where I
         | live
        
         | freeone3000 wrote:
         | I do not know of this capability currently, but if it has
         | enough for eFile, it can also be used to generate a paper
         | return.
        
         | mystified5016 wrote:
         | I wouldn't say interop is a huge deal, the main time and cost
         | sink is translating the recursive Gordian knots of tax law into
         | a logically cohesive structure that can be evaluated
         | programmatically. And then you (ideally) must _prove_ its
         | correctness.
         | 
         | Imagine pair programming with a tax lawyer. I'd rather eat my
         | own hands.
        
       | zb3 wrote:
       | https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file
        
       | jmisavage wrote:
       | Found the repo over here if anyone is curious.
       | 
       | https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | Better fork it quick before some ideologue deletes it and
         | threatens to imprison anyone who looks at it.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | This is a service. What happens if some ideologue turns off
           | whatever is listening on the government's end? Unless this
           | forked version will then print out a bunch of forms for
           | someone to physically mail in, owning this software without
           | being able to communicate to a digital host is useless.
        
             | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
             | > Unless this forked version will then print out a bunch of
             | forms for someone to physically mail in
             | 
             | Well yes, this is in essence what tax return preparation
             | software has always been; The end result is a completed set
             | of values to fill into the boxes of form 1040 (and whatever
             | additional forms are deemed to be required), which can then
             | be filed electronically or written/printed on paper to be
             | returned at an office or by mail.
        
           | 90s_dev wrote:
           | Or just glance at the code out of idle curiosity and move on
           | with our lives?
        
             | timewizard wrote:
             | Never turn down an opportunity to spew breathless hyperbole
             | into Hacker News!
        
       | skrebbel wrote:
       | Wow public domain license! Smart move, I assume those disgruntled
       | devs who "joined a project to explore the "future of tax filing"
       | in the private sector" can now easily fork it and compete with
       | TurboTax directly (with, I hope, a much better product at a lower
       | price). Normally that'd feel a bit scummy but in this case I
       | can't fault them for it.
       | 
       | Here's to hoping they can outcompete TurboTax so brutally that
       | Intuit won't be able to pay for all those lobbyists anymore.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | IIRC public domain is actually the "default" for code released
         | by the government
        
           | haiku2077 wrote:
           | Yes, works of the US Federal Government are public domain. It
           | gets complicated when state governments, contractors, etc.
           | are involved, but Direct File was in-house work by USDS/18F.
        
         | AStonesThrow wrote:
         | Although it is written in the "LICENSE" file for purposes of
         | uniformity and GitHub compatibility, a dedication to the Public
         | Domain is not a "license". As you can see, they waive all their
         | rights to claim copyright protection, and therefore, no license
         | is possible; no license is necessary to use it for any purpose.
         | 
         | And yes, "As a work of the US Government" it is dedicated to
         | the Public Domain by law.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | TurboTax already has competitors.
        
         | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
         | FTA:
         | 
         | > Releasing Direct File's source code demonstrates that the IRS
         | is fulfilling its obligations under the SHARE IT Act[1] (three
         | weeks ahead of schedule!).
         | 
         | [1] https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-
         | bill/9566
        
       | pimlottc wrote:
       | Here's the announcement from one of the principal engineers:
       | 
       | https://chrisgiven.com/2025/05/direct-file-on-github/
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Thanks - I've changed the URL to that from
         | https://www.404media.co/directfile-open-source-irs-tax-filin...
         | above, since the latter continues to be signup-walled.
        
           | no-reply wrote:
           | If anybody wants to read the 404 article -
           | https://archive.is/U6j4b
        
             | rsingel wrote:
             | You could also just sign up and read it on their site, and
             | consider subscribing.
             | 
             | Journalism is labor
        
               | 90s_dev wrote:
               | The ad model won.
        
               | joshmanders wrote:
               | I'd agree typically but paywalling open source government
               | software just to talk about it is wild behavior.
        
               | cAtte_ wrote:
               | how is the software being paywalled here?
        
               | joshmanders wrote:
               | They're talking about it but to actually see the thing
               | they're talking about you have to pay before the part of
               | the article that links to it is clickable
        
               | cAtte_ wrote:
               | or you can just google it? it's not like the source code
               | is exclusively held by 404media and you must pay them to
               | view it, or something. would you have the same opinion if
               | e.g. the article was the same but just didn't link to the
               | repo?
        
           | rsingel wrote:
           | If you want indie publications to survive, please reconsider
           | punishing sites that are sign-up walled.
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | If they intend for a mass market to read their articles,
             | indie publications should find a way to sell a user _an
             | article_ for a fair price. Especially in the context of
             | coming from a news aggregator site, it 's absurd that I'm
             | going to buy a _recurring subscription_ for Tax Software
             | Quarterly, Yacht Week, Greg 's TV Reviews etc. The number
             | of distinct domains I click through to from HN alone would
             | be hundreds of dollars a month if I'm starting
             | subscriptions for each one.
             | 
             | I hate and block ads, since they literally screw up the
             | functioning of the page now, so I don't think they should
             | "just have ads and be open" -- but I think expecting
             | average non-journalists to sign up for subscriptions to
             | multiple "national newspapers" and a half dozen news
             | magazines is absurd, which is why people here don't like
             | paywalls, and bypass them wherever possible.
        
               | cAtte_ wrote:
               | if someone is unwilling to pay for access to an entire
               | collection of articles, i'd find it very unlikely that
               | they pay for a single article. unless it's an
               | outrageously low price like 10 cents or something
        
       | dustbunny wrote:
       | just want to chime in to say how awesome and easy doing your own
       | taxes in canada is. takes me like an hour
        
         | mig39 wrote:
         | Even easier if your employer automatically syncs with CRA. No
         | filling in forms at all.
         | 
         | In other countries, the government does the taxes for you, and
         | sends you a pre-filled form that you can amend or change.
        
           | dustbunny wrote:
           | yeah employer has always synced, so it (wealth simple)
           | autofills basically everything. then i just add my family
           | specific stuff
        
         | xmprt wrote:
         | just want to chime in to say that it's around that fast in the
         | US as well
         | 
         | Most people will just have to enter their W2, choose the
         | standard deduction, and then click submit. There are free tools
         | that do this already like FreeTaxUSA.
         | 
         | That said, I have 2 gripes with the current system:
         | 
         | 1. companies like TurboTax lobbying to prevent the government
         | from building their own tool... if TurboTax is genuinely better
         | then people will still use it even if the govt builds a tool.
         | 
         | 2. the tax code being so complex that it's profitable for
         | wealthy people to avoid taxes with special deductions and hire
         | lawyers to defend them from the overstretched IRS.
        
           | supplied_demand wrote:
           | == it's around that fast in the US as well==
           | 
           | Do you have a source for this claim, because I found this:
           | 
           | ==Individual income tax return filing is the most time-
           | consuming element of the tax system, with the average
           | taxpayer spending 13 hours to comply with the Form 1040. For
           | individuals with business income, the average amount of time
           | it takes to file taxes is even higher: 24 hours.==
           | 
           | https://money.com/filing-taxes-time-money-burden/
        
             | xmprt wrote:
             | Maybe I'm just extremely fast but I can't imagine it taking
             | that long because like I mentioned, it's just those 3 steps
             | for most taxpayers. It's hard to explain unless you've
             | actually filed taxes in the US which most foreigners
             | haven't.
             | 
             | The estimates you shared are based on survey responses so
             | you'd have to take them with a grain of salt. All the other
             | websites are repeating the same survey.
        
             | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
             | 13 hours is wild. I bought a house, got married, sold a
             | bunch of stock, and qualified for a bunch of deductions
             | last year. We filed jointly in maybe an hour and a half,
             | including finding all of the paperwork. I'm pretty good
             | with numbers and instructions, so I could see 4-6 being the
             | average.
             | 
             | It was through freetaxusa, maybe handwriting balloons the
             | job a bit? But it looks like only 14% file physically.
        
             | weberer wrote:
             | 13 hours is an insane estimate. Its never taken me more
             | than an hour or two. There's no way that's the average
        
         | uticus wrote:
         | personally i'd prefer a tax system that was easy enough to
         | _understand_ in an hour. like, really simple, instead of a
         | complex bag of sticks and carrots. less waste, less time, more
         | clarity on how much productivity is partitioned off for
         | government services.
         | 
         | would really render moot the "TurboTax lobbying", "government
         | already has info", etc conversations.
        
           | deepsun wrote:
           | I haven't seen any evidence on "government already has info".
           | It might get all the info if they send a taxpayer into audit.
           | But there's no indication it really knows without audits.
        
             | uticus wrote:
             | sorry, doesn't apply to US, but does apply to other Western
             | governments (note i'm not endorsing this, just pointing out
             | it exists): https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/dreading-
             | taxes-countries-s...
        
               | deepsun wrote:
               | Yes, although it's not always ideal too. E.g. for
               | personal business you're required to conduct all
               | transactions through a dedicated business bank account.
               | But it's easily avoidable by using a different account,
               | and there are cases when you cannot use the business bank
               | account even if you want. But taxes are computed
               | automatically from only that bank account. To stay
               | honest, you need to decline automatic tax calculation and
               | file separate forms to pay more taxes, no one does that.
        
             | Spoom wrote:
             | No, the government already has _almost_ all of your
             | information every year from the start. Every time you get a
             | W-2, a copy is sent to the IRS. Same with the vast majority
             | of most tax forms. That why, if you lose any of your forms
             | (at least the ones that say something akin to  "This
             | information is being furnished to the Internal Revenue
             | Service."), you can request them from the IRS[1].
             | 
             | Some investment-related returns aren't sent to the IRS but
             | I would estimate that for 90% of people, their taxes could
             | be accurately calculated by the information the IRS has on
             | file.
             | 
             | Additionally, I guarantee that these calculations are being
             | made by the government _anyway_. If you file a tax return
             | that is mathematically incorrect, you are _very_ likely to
             | receive a correction letter from the IRS[2]. This isn 't an
             | audit, it's just a letter saying that your taxes were wrong
             | and they redid them for you, with a new outcome.
             | 
             | 1. https://www.irs.gov/individuals/transcript-types-for-
             | individ... (see "Wage and income transcript")
             | 
             | 2. https://www.irs.gov/individuals/understanding-your-
             | cp12-noti...
        
           | boznz wrote:
           | NZ Tax system is like this, takes me an hour to do my company
           | yearly returns on their website, an hour every month for the
           | GST and 15 mins every month for the payroll and kiwisaver
           | (pension) of two employees.
           | 
           | The fact they have an "other" category in the IR10 form that
           | captures the breakdown means I don't have to worry too much
           | about terms that mean nothing to me or my business and 90% of
           | my earnings can just goes in that. No need for an accountant
           | as long as you have good separation of business and personal
           | transactions.
           | 
           | Doing tax is always going to be unpleasant, I don't see any
           | downside to the government making it easier for the person
           | filing the return.
        
           | weberer wrote:
           | People have been fighting that battle for a while now. It
           | never seems to get off the ground
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FairTax
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | Moving from a progressive tax structure to a (mostly)
             | regressive one is a bad idea, so I am glad FairTax never
             | went anywhere.
             | 
             | I am all for simplifying the tax code but consumption taxes
             | are the wrong way to go about it.
        
         | mashlol wrote:
         | What makes it easier than US taxes?
        
         | fhdkweig wrote:
         | It takes me half an hour with FreeTaxUSA . It can be easy, but
         | TurboTax doesn't like their software to be easy for some
         | reason.
        
           | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
           | "some reason" is that they upsell you on additional features
           | and "audit protection" in case you misuse their complicated
           | software.
        
           | nulbyte wrote:
           | It took me about that long to do both fed and state with Free
           | File Fillable Forms. I was so surprised, I wondered why I
           | didn't check it out sooner. I think most Americans can do
           | this just as easily.
           | 
           | I know folks outside the U.S. like to riff on us for our
           | complicated taxes and the pay-for filing lobbies, and yes,
           | they have reason to. But, I really think the issue is that we
           | folk in the U.S. are just too scared to try what really is a
           | simpler method.
        
         | shrinks99 wrote:
         | The Canadian government doesn't provide a DirectFile
         | equivalent. The closest thing we have is Wealthsimple's tax
         | software which just _happens_ to be free (and for what it's
         | worth, in my experience, is also pretty good).
         | 
         | I would love for the Canadian government to release free tax
         | software analogous to DirectFile!
        
       | ctkhn wrote:
       | Love that the repo has two commits and they're both "initial
       | commit"
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | i've done that when i forgot to add some necessary files in the
         | initial initial commit. since the adding the forgotten files
         | did not include any changes warranting a different message, it
         | lets me know i was a knucklehead and the commits are meant be
         | considered the same commit. it's much faster than looking up to
         | see if there's a way to amend an existing commit with
         | additional files, and then going through the process of
         | actually doing it. my use of git is
         | add/commit/push/clone/switch/fetch. after that, it's 100% look
         | it up and hope i'm not going to bork my repo by following some
         | SO thread
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | For what it's worth, you can still do it with those commands,
           | though I understand part of the point is that you don't
           | necessarily remember all of the options for them. But in this
           | case, it should be simple:                 git add .
           | git commit --amend -m "initial commit"       git push -f
           | origin HEAD
           | 
           | I don't know when `--amend` was added. I used to do a squash
           | rebase but this is much nicer.
        
             | monkpit wrote:
             | git commit --amend --no-edit
        
         | sotix wrote:
         | The government required them to scrub the commit history.
         | Hilarious that they used that message for the second commit.
        
       | divbzero wrote:
       | Related discussion from last week:
       | 
       |  _IRS Direct File_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44131901 - May 2025 (62
       | comments)
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | TurboTax isn't "trying to kill" it they have successfully killed
       | it. Intuit donated $1M to Trump's inaugration fund, and the Trump
       | administation subsequently ended support for Direct File (which
       | I'm assuming is why it was open sourced). The IRS will no longer
       | accept returns directly. 18F itself was disbanded by doge, so
       | even though the code is open source no one is going to continue
       | to develop it.
        
         | janeerie wrote:
         | This isn't true - you can still submit through Direct File:
         | https://directfile.irs.gov/
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | For the 2024 tax season yes. Funding bill removes it for 2025
           | onward.
        
             | janeerie wrote:
             | Yes, but you may want to reword this part, since it implies
             | that DF is already shut down:                 "The IRS will
             | no longer accept returns directly."
        
               | pimlottc wrote:
               | > "The IRS will no longer accept returns directly."
               | 
               | Where are you finding that quote, I don't see it on the
               | Direct File homepage [0]
               | 
               | EDIT: Ah, I see now, it was from paxys's original post
               | [1], I assumed it was meant to be an official quote from
               | the IRS somewhere.
               | 
               | 0: https://directfile.irs.gov/
               | 
               | 1: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44183593
        
               | janeerie wrote:
               | This was in the post I was responding to.
        
               | pimlottc wrote:
               | I'm confused, the post you responded just says:
               | 
               | > For the 2024 tax season yes. Funding bill removes it
               | for 2025 onward.
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44183593
        
             | jadbox wrote:
             | Sigh. How much did cutting direct file really save?!
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Irrelevant. Those in power don't actually care about
               | saving money. They care about doing what their deep-
               | pocketed donors want them to do, as well as fulfilling
               | their ideology, however misguided and backward it may be.
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | It was never about saving. The new budget literally adds
               | $2.4 trillion to the federal defecit.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | It makes it more expensive. But the important figure was
               | the million dollar bribe.
        
               | thuanao wrote:
               | It was cut because tax preparing companies pay the
               | politicians to cut it.
        
         | aksss wrote:
         | https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/intuit-inc/summary?id=D0000...
        
       | eamann wrote:
       | It's a bit disappointing that a seemingly official project isn't
       | using commit signing for verification and non-repudiation. It's
       | open source, great! But it's also pretty massive (i.e. hard to
       | review everything) and the chance of a bad actor sticking code in
       | something so critical as tax filings.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | what could it really do though? any discrepancies will just be
         | settled in an audit. of course, you are providing name,
         | address, SSN, bank account info, but what malevolent entity
         | doesn't already have that data about you anyways? besides,
         | trust us, we're the government is good enough already! /s
        
         | deepsun wrote:
         | Kinda. Since it's Public Domain, there's little to no use in
         | signing the code, because they explicitly forfeited any rights
         | to it.
         | 
         | Public Domain means you can legally take their code, riddle it
         | with malware, and distribute, claiming that's the real and true
         | Direct File source code, and you are its author. What you do
         | with malware is a different legal issue of course.
         | 
         | So I'm not sure proving you are commit owner by signing it is
         | really helpful if anyone can do it as well, and there's no
         | copyright holder to decide who's right.
        
           | justinrubek wrote:
           | Copyright doesn't have anything to do with it, even remotely.
           | I don't care who owns it or who claims to own it. But it may
           | be useful to verify that the commit came from the government.
        
         | pfg_ wrote:
         | You don't know what they used internally. There are two commits
         | on github which just dump the code from whatever they used for
         | version control for the past two years, and no further
         | development will take place.
        
       | uticus wrote:
       | https://deepwiki.com/IRS-Public/direct-file has some good
       | insights, ie "tell me about fact graph"
        
         | FergusArgyll wrote:
         | Wow, deepwiki is really cool
        
       | ronbenton wrote:
       | Sadly this program is being killed by the current admin. This
       | repo looks great. The scala fact graph is super neat and there is
       | clearly a lot of care that went into making the tutorial for it.
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | I'm sure everyone working on this knew it was doomed before the
         | first line of code was written, and that it would be killed as
         | soon as the next (R) was in charge. It was a great
         | accomplishment to get working software released before that
         | happened, but I'm sure nobody was kidding themselves into
         | thinking it would last. The pay-to-file tax lobby is too strong
         | and corrupt.
        
           | afavour wrote:
           | I don't know about that. Inertia is a strong force but it
           | goes in both directions. Had this administration been a
           | Democratic one four years might be long enough to establish
           | it strongly enough that it would be very difficult to remove.
           | Look at the Affordable Care Act. Imperfect though it was,
           | Republicans have pledged over and over that they're going to
           | get rid of it but when it power it seems they just can't.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | I hope you're right, but this administration so far has
             | found almost no limit to the number of projects, lives,
             | roles and institutions it can destroy or at least attempt
             | to destroy. And the party that is supposed to be acting as
             | the Opposition is basically letting them do whatever they
             | want unhindered. Unless you consider "holding up little
             | signs and making frowny-faces" to count as "doing
             | something."
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | I don't think so - the destructiveness of the current
           | administration is really unprecedented.
        
           | analogwzrd wrote:
           | A couple of decades ago tax code transparency and making it
           | easier and cheaper to file your taxes would have been a very
           | Republican policy. Point taken that the current
           | administration is particularly destructive, but I wouldn't
           | expect Democrats to be very staunch in support this either.
           | The tax/accountant lobby would influence both parties.
        
       | timerol wrote:
       | Who among us has not accidentally made a new repo as just a
       | submodule pointer instead of actually committing the files?
       | https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file/commit/2f3ebd66932...
       | 
       | It's also fun that, because this is from the US, they can't just
       | use CC0, but instead need to clarify that this must be public
       | domain, separately from the worldwide CC0.
        
         | runako wrote:
         | Another way of saying this: Creative Commons, based in
         | California, USA, did not publish a license that can be used by
         | one of the largest domestic authors of software.
         | 
         | Less snarkily, I do wonder about the discrepancy there.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Category Error. Public Domain is _not_ a license. It is a
           | state of being.
           | 
           | Creative Commons is a worldwide organization, not a
           | jurisdiction-specfic organization. Creative Commons does not
           | have the authority to harmonize laws worldwide.
           | 
           | https://creativecommons.org/public-domain/pdm/
           | 
           | https://creativecommons.org/public-domain/cc0/
        
             | deepsun wrote:
             | In other words, think of Copyright. A Copyright holder can
             | apply any license they like, and change the licenses for
             | new versions whenever they like. Public Domain is explicit
             | forfeiting the Copyright, which means authors cannot
             | enforce any license (and anyone can just take their work
             | and declare it it's theirs, apply licenses etc).
             | 
             | PS: AFAIK, however, Authorship rights are different from
             | Copyright, and cannot be given/passed as Copyrights, at
             | least in US.
        
       | adamdecaf wrote:
       | There's quite the mix of languages involved!                   --
       | -----------------------------------------------------------------
       | ------------         Language                     files
       | blank        comment           code         ---------------------
       | ----------------------------------------------------------
       | YAML                           452            158            693
       | 161655         JSON                           396              1
       | 0         155975         JavaScript                       7
       | 21           4513         123150         TypeScript
       | 741           7913          19645          80869         XML
       | 66           5208           1006          60935         Java
       | 725           7380           2283          37863         Scala
       | 272           3275           1423          25395         CSV
       | 146              0              0          25335         Markdown
       | 86           5019             21           9228         SVG
       | 12              5           1749           9130         HTML
       | 39             52              4           4073         Maven
       | 16             61             87           1963         SCSS
       | 47            380             85           1662         Scheme
       | 5            121              0            864         Python
       | 13            185             96            668         Bourne
       | Shell                    17             94            127
       | 541         DOS Batch                        2             30
       | 0            268         CSS                              1
       | 17              0             81         Properties
       | 9              0             24             60         Text
       | 3              1              0             35         TOML
       | 1              6              0             26         Dockerfile
       | 1              8              1             19         INI
       | 1              0              0              7         SQL
       | 4              0              0              5         ----------
       | -----------------------------------------------------------------
       | ----         SUM:                          3062          29935
       | 31757         699807         ------------------------------------
       | -------------------------------------------
        
         | epcoa wrote:
         | Other than the flourish of adding some Scala to enterprisey
         | Java there is absolutely nothing atypical about this bog
         | enterprisey application. It's a JS/TS/Java app, nothing else
         | stands out.
         | 
         | Listing every config language and a few lines of CI or whatever
         | scripts shit is misleading.
         | 
         | I see nothing other than typical boring enterprise/big gov crap
         | here (which is fine, and expected).
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | IRS does something good.
       | 
       | ITT: WhAt if "the administration" (we don't speak his name) tries
       | to prevent us from using it.
       | 
       | Guys, Trump isn't anti- everything you like. He doesn't give a
       | crap about open source.
        
         | prophesi wrote:
         | Intuit and their millions in lobbying efforts might change the
         | administration's thoughts on that.
        
         | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
         | * IRS Direct File launched in 2024 after being created via the
         | Biden administration's Inflation Reduction Act in 2024.
         | 
         | * The Trump administration is preparing to sign into law a new
         | budget that orders the immediate termination of the Direct File
         | program (see SEC. 112207 "TASK FORCE ON THE TERMINATION OF
         | DIRECT FILE").
         | 
         | * 18F, the agency within the federal government probably most
         | responsible for championing and promoting open source
         | development (and just all-around providing good digital
         | services at a significantly lower cost), was eliminated by the
         | Trump administration in March.
         | 
         | I know that you are probably a busy person, like many of us
         | here; Still, I would encourage you to take some time each week
         | to become informed about what is (or isn't) happening in
         | politics rather than just offering knee-jerk reactions based on
         | partisan feelings. It really is important.
        
         | const_cast wrote:
         | Except that Trump has already prevented us from using it. He
         | axed it, beginning next tax season.
         | 
         | It's not a boogie-man, Trump really does just suck. He's anti
         | like, anything even good-adjacent.
        
         | lagniappe wrote:
         | I see you've discovered the reddit-to-HN flywheel.
        
       | internet_points wrote:
       | > Direct File also incorporates the Fact Graph, a declarative,
       | XML-based knowledge graph data structure that is designed to
       | reason about incomplete information, such as a partially
       | completed tax return. The Fact Graph is written in the Scala
       | programming language; it runs on the JVM on the backend and is
       | transpiled via Scala.js to run on the client as well. Direct
       | File's Fact Graph is not domain-specific, and it may be useful to
       | revenue agencies and as a reference for business rules engine
       | implementations.
        
         | MrLeap wrote:
         | Interesting, I want to read more about this.
        
           | uticus wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44183845
        
         | timhigins wrote:
         | The code that defines how the fact graph works is here:
         | https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file/tree/main/direct-f...
         | 
         | but the actual tax definitions that deal with facts and derived
         | calculation are here: https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-
         | file/tree/main/direct-f...
         | 
         | See for example the standard deduction and tax rate
         | calculations https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-
         | file/blob/main/direct-f... https://github.com/IRS-
         | Public/direct-file/blob/main/direct-f...
         | 
         | I imagine these are based on the MeF (Modernized e-File)
         | schemas because the system needs to transform the input data
         | into XML MeF schemas to submit electronically to the MeF system
         | (See https://www.irs.gov/e-file-providers/modernized-e-file-
         | mef-s...)
        
       | pimlottc wrote:
       | Aside from the code, there's also a ton of great design documents
       | and notes under /docs/design [0], including detailed process
       | diagrams for many of the user flows (unfortunately not directly
       | viewable online since they're within zip files; see flow1.zip and
       | flow2.zip)
       | 
       | 0: https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-
       | file/tree/main/docs/des...
        
       | 90s_dev wrote:
       | Is this common in Java?
       | 
       | https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file/blob/9dd76a786ea69...
        
         | koolba wrote:
         | It is if you're doing government style work and you want have a
         | job for life creating code that nobody else can read.
         | 
         | Or if you're in the business of selling extremely wide aspect
         | ratio monitors.
        
           | tempest_ wrote:
           | It is nested sure but the entire thing fits on 1080p monitor
        
             | timewizard wrote:
             | Well... depending on your default level of zoom.
             | 
             | After staring at code for 12 hours a day for a few decades
             | my zoom is 125% by default.
        
               | 90s_dev wrote:
               | Careful, at this rate your zoom level will be an
               | unreadable 900% after only a few centuries...
        
           | 77pt77 wrote:
           | Better make those monitors curved
        
         | mattgreenrocks wrote:
         | That's reactive programming in Java, where you return a
         | callback to be run when an operation completes.
         | 
         | The giveaway is the Mono<T> return type.
        
         | deepsun wrote:
         | My eyeballs bleed, and I'm pretty comfortable with Java for
         | many years.
         | 
         | I see the most of it stems from reactive-style programming
         | (reactor.core.publisher.Mono).
         | 
         | Maybe they just tried to fit into one screen? Anyway I'd ask to
         | simplify it, if I was a their team lead.
        
         | mcv wrote:
         | I've seen similar things, in Java as well as some other
         | languages. It's obviously not the preferred way of doing it.
        
           | readthenotes1 wrote:
           | Unreadable+undebuggable has been the preferred way of doing
           | it for as long as I have seen software
        
             | seattle_spring wrote:
             | Seems perfectly readable to me, and I haven't used Java
             | professionally in over a decade. What specifically do you
             | find problematic?
        
         | jryan49 wrote:
         | I can tell you as a person working in a spring boot webflux
         | shop that is pretty bad code. You really don't want to nest
         | that much. Using atomic references outside the reactive flow is
         | a huge red flag that they don't know how to program in webflux
         | properly. Not that webflux is easy to use at all and the dx is
         | garbage.
        
           | okeuro49 wrote:
           | With virtual threads it's difficult to see WebFlux being used
           | in new projects.
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | If you are a non-Java developer, it does look daunting. But in
         | my opinion it's much much better use of the Java streams api
         | and reactor library that I have seen compared to most shitty
         | corp firms.
        
         | evantbyrne wrote:
         | The atomics are goofy, but reactor can often lead to messy code
         | structure when you actually need sequential blocking behavior.
        
         | mystified5016 wrote:
         | Yes and no. This is a common pattern, but implemented very
         | lazily. Most of this can (and probably should) be refactored
         | out to separate classes/functions.
         | 
         | But no, I don't think this would faze most Java devs. It's ugly
         | and bad practice, but more or less acceptable depending on
         | personal taste. It works, at least.
         | 
         | Point of interest: LLMs tend to go too far in the opposite
         | direction with code like this. They will break _everything_
         | apart into functions or classes, even trivial one-line lambdas.
         | I find that even more obnoxious than the monstrosity you
         | linked.
        
         | tomashubelbauer wrote:
         | > .onErrorResume
         | 
         | I dislike Java but if it can get me back to the On Error Resume
         | Next days I might reconsider.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Is this what people have to do when they don't have the C#
         | async/await autogenerated state machine?
        
         | tomsmeding wrote:
         | Looks like callback hell, but in Java. Async/await would solve
         | it, but it's Java.
        
       | piker wrote:
       | > libs
       | 
       | Guys I knew it
        
       | yonran wrote:
       | What would it take for an individual or small business to run a
       | version of this locally? To file, you need an MeF account with
       | IRS; does the IRS grant those freely? And to import W2s and
       | 1099s, it seems that there is a DataImportService interface but
       | unfortunately there is no implementation and the APIs to IRS are
       | not public.
       | 
       | If the Biden administration wanted to break the tax software
       | oligopoly, they should have focused on making the government's
       | own interfaces open.
        
       | ivanjermakov wrote:
       | > The source code is only public because of federal law
       | 
       | I doubt contributions are welcome
        
       | BrandoElFollito wrote:
       | What is the core reason for the government in the US to not
       | provide a simple online tax filing portal like we generally have
       | in Europe.
       | 
       | It is pre-filled with the known incomes so for the best majority
       | of people filling their taxes is a 1 minute exercise.
       | 
       | This also helps, I guess, to have the taxes flow in.
        
         | hoten wrote:
         | lobbying on behalf of the tax filing industry
         | 
         | additionally, the US has (one of?) the most complex tax systems
         | in the world. In part b/c most of it is carve outs...on behalf
         | of various lobbyist groups / catering to specific voting
         | blocks.
        
           | alemanek wrote:
           | That is still no excuse.
           | 
           | The majority of the population of the US claims the standard
           | deduction and has all their income in the form of W2 or 1099
           | which is reported to the IRS by the employer. Those people
           | can be served by a return free filing system.
           | 
           | The minority which have more complicated taxes can still file
           | like they do today. But even adding on investment income and
           | housing related deductions the IRS likely has enough
           | information to calculate what is owed.
           | 
           | Don't let perfect be the enemy of better.
        
         | weberer wrote:
         | Entering your income is easy enough if you're a salaried
         | employee with a W2 form. The time consuming part is searching
         | for and entering deductions. The tax code is ridiculously
         | complex and there are forms for all sorts of deductions.
        
           | jonas21 wrote:
           | 90% of people take the standard deduction, which takes maybe
           | 10 seconds to enter.
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | The same reason the US moves more of the worlds money through
         | commercial and investment services hosted here.
         | 
         | Ask anyone in the EU who has lived in one country and earned a
         | paycheck from a different one.
         | 
         | Anyways, give it time, the EU is currently working to make it's
         | tax system more complicated to solve some of the long standing
         | continental issues, and to make the EU system more like the US
         | one.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The EU doesn't have a federal tax system for individuals.
        
         | Sivart13 wrote:
         | this was supposed to be exactly that
        
       | cookingmyserver wrote:
       | I enjoyed walking through some of their docs which documented
       | decisions and deliverables. Thought for sure it would have just
       | been a dump of source code with little to no context.
        
       | vagab0nd wrote:
       | Ok we now have "law is code".
       | 
       | When can we have "code is law"? Write the code as source of truth
       | and generate the law from it.
        
         | seattle_spring wrote:
         | That's what a smart contract is meant to represent, and they
         | get taken advantage of every single day.
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | The law has better properties when it comes to undefined
         | behavior than code does.
        
       | colelyman wrote:
       | I went to the link thinking that I could now file my taxes with
       | the IRS through GitHub, which I honestly have mixed feelings
       | about.
        
         | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
         | That's an idea... Make a fork, add a file at
         | taxpayers/${SSN}.yaml describing your return in terms of
         | income/deductions/circumstances, make sure it lints
         | successfully, and then submit a PR for the IRS to review. If
         | it's merged, CI/CD initiates a bank payment/withdrawal. If you
         | get audited, resolve the conflicts and update the PR.
        
       | thuanao wrote:
       | In my experience the paper forms are so much easier and more
       | reliable than using tax software. A pen and a form _just works_.
       | No account logins and passwords, no janky UI, no advertisements,
       | no issues saving your progress... The instructions are much
       | better too. Each box is numbered and there 's an instruction
       | manual detailing what to put in that box. If you make mistakes
       | the IRS will simply correct you.
        
         | pfg_ wrote:
         | The problem I had with the papers is they don't tell you when
         | you need to have another form. Guided question software will
         | ask questions to determine if you need forms.
        
       | timhigins wrote:
       | > Exempted Code
       | 
       | > Not all source code, documentation and metadata used in the
       | development of Direct File is included in this repository.
       | Specifically, any code or data that is considered Personally
       | Identifiable Information (PII), Federal Tax Information (FTI),
       | Sensitive But Unclassified (SBU), or source code developed for
       | National Security Systems (NSS), as defined in 40 U.S.C. SS
       | 11103, is exempt. Due to these restrictions, certain pieces of
       | functionality have been removed or rewritten.
       | 
       | Very curious about what these pieces are that were removed
        
       | czhu12 wrote:
       | Given this project is being drained of resources by the new
       | admin, is anyone in the know able to comment on how hard this
       | would be to take, and stand up, as a competitor to turbo tax?
       | 
       | Presumably, any Intuit competitors will be given a 10 year
       | headstart worth many millions, maybe billions?
        
         | foolswisdom wrote:
         | Is there a reason you'd need to do so? What is freetaxusa.com
         | missing that direct file gives you (other than the fact that
         | direct file is free and supported by the government itself)?
        
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