[HN Gopher] Atari Means Business with the Mega ST
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Atari Means Business with the Mega ST
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 127 points
       Date   : 2025-06-01 11:01 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.goto10retro.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.goto10retro.com)
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | Someone should make the Atari ST Max built into that keyboard.
       | 
       | And with emulated VME graphics, with an HDMI output and a USB-C
       | port. And 3-button mouse. Able to run Atari Unix.
        
       | alexisread wrote:
       | So many missed opportunities with the ST, given the breakneck
       | development speed.
       | 
       | If the all-in-one design was used from the off (save on moulds
       | and shipping disc drives) they could done a pro conversion kit:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/atw3FYKzog4 Also, move the joystick ports to the
       | right rather than under the keyboard.
       | 
       | A few tweaks here and there would have pushed it a lot more:
       | 
       | Unified clocks for genlock and scrolling:
       | https://youtu.be/yexNdSLEpIY?si=pa46sJOr_9Fin4LC
       | 
       | Stereo output like the CPC464:
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0yY4BlPfLf4
       | 
       | AMY included, along with a 1bit PWM on the DMA chip for DMA
       | sound.
       | 
       | The ST had a janky RTC anyway:
       | https://atariage.com/forums/topic/303859-battery-pack-inside...
       | 
       | 3 button joypads from the start, using U+D and L+R combinations
       | for 2 more buttons
       | 
       | Double-sided drive from the start.
       | 
       | Finally, they should have included the blitter socket and a full
       | 2x32pin expansion instead of the cartridge port. The blitter
       | socket especially would be handy to drive a T212 transputer in
       | 87, when the blitter was available, instead of producing the ATW.
        
         | bravesoul2 wrote:
         | It's good enough for Fatboy Slim
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | The Atari ST had a MIDI port: that notoriously lacked on the
           | Commodore Amiga (I think an Amiga with a stock MIDI port
           | would have been a homerun).
           | 
           | I saw Atari ST in music studios well into the late 90s/early
           | 2000s because back then _quiet_ beige PCs weren 't a thing
           | yet: PCs virtually all came with super noisy fans, which was
           | a big no-no for music studios.
           | 
           | A buddy would bring his Korg synth to my neighbour's house
           | and hook it to their Atari ST. Another dude I remember would
           | play drums from Dire Straits song from his Atari ST hooked to
           | some MIDI gear and then he'd take his guitar and play Dire
           | Straits songs.
           | 
           | These were the days.
           | 
           | I'm not surprised some musicians still use them. If I'm not
           | mistaken Kavinsky (who became famous after the movie Drive
           | came out but recently had renewed interest for he performed
           | at the Olympics games' ceremony) started doing music at a
           | late age, on an Atari ST a friend of his game him.
           | 
           | As an anecdote PCs were so noisy that I asked my neighbour
           | (an electrical engineer) if it was possible to come up with a
           | system where the fan would slow down when the CPU wasn't too
           | hot: and sure enough we were then modding our PSUs with
           | "thermistors" and we'd be calibrating our tiny hack, no shit,
           | with boiling water in the kitchen (ah clueless teenagers).
           | Funnily enough about 10 years later every single PSU had
           | variable fan speed.
           | 
           | That's the thing: we were used to quiet 8-bit and then 16-bit
           | computers and when we had to move to these piece-of-shit PCs
           | (but with fast CPUs / FPUs and that were upgradeable), we had
           | to endure these painful ultra noisy CPU/PSU fans (and HDDs).
           | 
           | So the Atari ST just made sense. You could have these super
           | fast (compared to Atari ST) PCs but they were noisy, fugly,
           | piece of unbearable shits that the cool guys in music studios
           | simply wouldn't tolerate back then.
           | 
           | Now of course at some point PCs became just too good and
           | several brands started focusing on quietness and it was then
           | possible to have a totally silent PC, both looking cool and
           | being literally cool (big heatsink, quiet fans, etc.).
           | 
           | But yeah the Atari ST was and still is certainly for some a
           | thing for creating music.
           | 
           | Lots of respect to the Atari ST for his MIDI port (and that
           | comes from a Commodore Amiga owner and fan).
        
             | Aldipower wrote:
             | And, just to add a third point, the Atari runs stable! I
             | just tried to sequence with a SoundBlaster AWE32 and
             | Voyetra MIDI Orchestra MIDI Sequencer under Windows 95b.
             | For fun. I already recorded some MIDI tracks, then suddenly
             | after 60 minutes Windows presented me with the famous
             | bluescreen. Everything I've just recorded and didn't
             | autosave lost. Haha.
        
             | hnlmorg wrote:
             | To be fair, everything about PCs back then sucked.
             | 
             | DOS was crap, when you had tGEM and Amiga OS.
             | 
             | Windows 1 and 2 was beyond terrible.
             | 
             | They were shit for games
             | 
             | They were bulky
             | 
             | They were slow
             | 
             | They crashed all the time.
             | 
             | They were ugly
             | 
             | They were noisy.
             | 
             | They were hard to manage (autoexec.bat, no OS in ROM,
             | stupidly tricky partitioning tools, incompatible drivers
             | for the same hardware but in different applications, etc)
             | 
             | But IBM lost control of the hardware market so they became
             | cheap, ubiquitous crap.
             | 
             | And that's literally the only reason we got stuck with PCs.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | The PC industry of the late 80s was a disaster.
               | 
               | We had affordable windowing and GUIs on the Atari and the
               | Amiga, with instant boot from ROM and tons of RAM. The
               | Amiga had the beginnings of multitasking and hardware
               | acceleration for graphics and sound.
               | 
               | Then suddenly the industry decided to go back to a cut-
               | down version of late 70s S-100 computing, with insanely
               | unaffordable prices, crippled specs, bizarre semi-manual
               | memory management, ugly hardware, and a command line
               | interface that was basically CP/M but not as good.
               | 
               | Infuriating.
        
               | danieldk wrote:
               | My cousin had an Amiga in the late 80s/early 90s. As a
               | kid, I was so incredibly jelous. Everything was better,
               | sound, graphics, the OS, the hardware itself. Even well
               | into halfway the nineties we were messing with tire fires
               | like VESA Local Bus on the PC side.
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | > Then suddenly the industry decided to go back to a cut-
               | down version of late 70s S-100 computing,
               | 
               | Just like today's GUIs. They all look like Windows 1.0
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | Not just Atari and Amiga. Apple and Acorn had excellent
               | machines too.
               | 
               | It was basically just the old 8-bit micros that kept IBM
               | compatibles looking good.
        
               | badc0ffee wrote:
               | > a command line interface that was basically CP/M but
               | not as good.
               | 
               | I hate to go to bat for MS-DOS, but it had at least one
               | real advantage over CP/M: a single disk format. As doomed
               | to failure as the various non-PC DOS machines (e.g. Tandy
               | 2000 and DEC Rainbow) were, they could at least share
               | disks.
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | You could have a GUI on a PC as well. I developed GEM
               | applications on an Olivetti M24 before I got my first
               | Atari ST.
               | 
               | The Olivetti had a B&W 640x400 monitor and a Logitech
               | mouse that plugged into the back of the keyboard. You
               | could replace the 8086 CPU with an NEC V30 for a bit more
               | speed.
        
               | spankibalt wrote:
               | I hope someone will write an entertaining satire about
               | the sometimes almost PTSD-like bitterness and bizarre
               | selective perceptions of the "anti-PC" crowd, especially
               | in the Amiga space. :D
               | 
               | Please don't take it too harshly, but your list of
               | grievances is almost _radically_ different to my
               | experiences of personal computing in the late Eighties to
               | mid-Nineties... to me somewhat of a _faszinosum_ all on
               | its own. In my litle corner of the world the Amiga was
               | virtually nonexistant [1], largely undesireable, and
               | prophesized to be a corpse already as early as 1991.
               | 
               | I'll give you one thing, tho: A mostly non-plastic,
               | compact keyboard computer case (Amiga 600-like) for a
               | suitably powerful IBM compatible would've been awfully
               | nice. _Still_ would be, for a vintage bird that is. We
               | only got  "Schneiderplastik", the _Euro-PC_ to be more
               | precise [2], and that one wasn 't updated in a satisfying
               | fashion.
               | 
               | 1. The only people I knew that had Commodores were two of
               | my best friends, one with a Commodore 64, the other with
               | a 128. The demosceners I grew up with were Atari ST guys,
               | all of them (becoming) musicians.
               | 
               | 2. [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schneider_Euro_PC]
        
               | mrandish wrote:
               | Sure, there is clearly some "rose-colored memory" effect
               | going on - how could there not be? As someone who used
               | Amigas, Atari STs, Macs and PCs back in the day - and who
               | still owns over a hundred unique models of vintage 80s
               | and 90s computers, they ALL suck in many annoying ways
               | AND most had some unique strengths. We all learned to
               | live with what we had and how to make it do what we
               | needed done.
               | 
               | People got accustomed to whatever personal computer they
               | used every day and many grew fond of it. After all, the
               | power and capability of a desktop computer in the 80s was
               | unprecedented and, for many, revelatory. That said, in
               | the mid-to-late 80s, the PC platform was generally under-
               | powered dollar for dollar compared to most of its leading
               | competitors, most of which were based on Motorola 680x0
               | CPUs. The strength of the PC during this time was it's
               | rapidly expanding library of business software
               | applications and hardware expansion options in the form
               | of add-in cards (something which Apple had with the Apple
               | II but abandoned for a while with the Mac, the Atari ST
               | never really had and only the "professional" series
               | Amiga's had (A2000, A3000, A4000).
               | 
               | Being underpowered per dollar doesn't mean the PC
               | couldn't be extremely useful or the best platform for a
               | given scenario and it certainly doesn't mean there
               | weren't hobbyists who used and loved their late 80s PCs
               | as dearly as any other 80s personal computer owner. Of
               | course, this power balance was largely addressed by the
               | mid-90s - which is why the PC juggernaut then
               | extinguished the Amiga, Atari and (very nearly) the Mac.
        
               | gapan wrote:
               | There were others too. At least the Olivetti Prodest PC1
               | [1], which I had, and the Sinclair PC200 [2], which a
               | close friend had. Other friends had the EuroPC, some had
               | the Amstrad 1512 and other different PC compatible boxes.
               | 
               | I remember my PC1 fondly. Well, I still have it. I
               | learned to code in GW-BASIC, Turbo Pascal and C (in that
               | order) with it. I was using it for a long time, until
               | 1997, for serious work (coding and university
               | assignments), when I finally had the money to upgrade to
               | a Pentium PC.
               | 
               | As much as my world was PC-centric, the first time I saw
               | an Atari ST and what it could do, my jaw dropped. I knew
               | of the Amiga from magazines, but the first time I
               | actually saw one was several years later, after I
               | acquired my Pentium PC and I admit it wasn't that
               | impressive then. But still I couldn't help but think:
               | "wow, you had that in 1989?". There was no comparison
               | with the PCs of its time.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.seasip.info/VintagePC/prodestpc1.html
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_PC200
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | I was predominantly a PC user. In fact I had a side
               | hustle repairing PCs in the 80s and 90s. It wasn't fun
               | but it was tax free pocket money.
               | 
               | Every time I got to play on non-PC home computers I'd be
               | blown away by how much better those machines were.
               | 
               | These days I collect retro hardware and the Atari STs and
               | Amigas are still easier to maintain.
               | 
               | So my opinions aren't that of a Amiga fanboy. PCs in the
               | 80s were really that shit.
               | 
               | I do think a lot of the problem was Microsoft though. I
               | never liked any of Microsoft's software even back then.
               | And that was long before they gained the reputation that
               | so many older timers like myself still remind people
               | about. I actually wrote my own windowing system in Pascal
               | because I was fed up with early Windows. It wasn't a
               | patch on GEM but back then I didn't know you could run
               | GEM on a PC.
        
               | tom_ wrote:
               | Cheap and ubiquitous is what people want, and if PCs
               | became successful because people other than IBM started
               | producing the same hardware, then perhaps Commodore
               | should have done that too. Software seems to have proven
               | itself the better moat, and so maybe AmigaOS could have
               | been the thing that would tie this hypothetical Amiga-
               | compatible market together, keeping Commodore alive.
               | 
               | They'd have to have been a bit more careful about it than
               | IBM were.
               | 
               | I am confident it would still feel like everything is
               | terrible.
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | > The Atari ST had a MIDI port: that notoriously lacked on
             | the Commodore Amiga
             | 
             | I never really understood why people thought this was a big
             | deal. I had my Amiga hooked to a DX7 synth with a serial to
             | MIDI cable that had a couple active parts in it. MIDI is a
             | serial protocol and the Amigas had full RS232 ports with
             | hardware interrupts, +12v, -12v, as well as audio in and
             | out on unused pins. The serial to MIDI In/Out cable cost
             | around $15 more than two MIDI cables. You can still buy
             | them today: https://retroready.one/products/ka12-serial-
             | port-midi-interf....
        
               | Aldipower wrote:
               | The big deal was latency and jitter the Amiga could not
               | provide that good as the Atari this way with the serial
               | interface. I remember such discussion back in the days.
               | Also the multitasking capabilities of the AmigaOS were to
               | good! Yes, this hindered precise jitter. That is why
               | Steinberg and other sequencer software producers bet on
               | the built in and rock solid Atari Midi implementation.
               | Which meant also a lack of good software for the Amiga
               | then on top of it.
        
               | mrandish wrote:
               | While it's true the Amiga never got the breadth of
               | serious music sequencing software that was on the ST, I
               | never experienced any issues with MIDI jitter or timing.
               | 
               | While the Amiga could do multi-tasking, applications
               | could also optionally take over the entire machine, which
               | many games obviously did but so did real-time video
               | applications like the Video Toaster, animation, audio and
               | music apps. Lots of Amiga games and video apps "raced the
               | beam" in real-time without ever dropping a field of 60
               | fps video. So, at least in principle, the Amiga hardware
               | was as capable as the Atari ST in terms of ability to
               | respond to interrupts at MIDI rates. The Amiga also had
               | video editing software, which back then, involved
               | controlling three professional VTRs in real-time over
               | that single serial port to do A/B roll editing on precise
               | timecodes 29.97 times a second.
               | 
               | So, yeah, I agree that the Atari totally won the MIDI
               | production music market because it had much better
               | software applications. If you were primarily a music
               | producer or studio, there was certainly no reason to pay
               | more for an Amiga's custom graphics capabilities - and if
               | you were serious, the Amiga's more limited music app
               | selection made the choice for you. My only quibble is
               | that, IMHO, the claims of 'MIDI jitter' somehow being
               | endemic to the Amiga were more Atari marketing FUD than
               | reality. I don't doubt that some user at some point did
               | something on an Amiga that caused MIDI timing issues, but
               | it wasn't because of some fundamental hardware limit. It
               | was due to configuration, some app incompatibility, bug
               | or some other solvable issue - because similar timing
               | issues _could_ occasionally happen on the ST too - and
               | then would be solved.
        
               | Aldipower wrote:
               | Yeah, thanks for the good write-up, maybe you're right
               | and there's also some Atari marketing FUD. The Amiga
               | was/is definitely an impressive machine too. That is
               | given. :-)
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | > move the joystick ports to the right
         | 
         | I think they'd be better on the back unless you are supposed to
         | plug them out all the time.
         | 
         | > Finally, they should have included the blitter socket
         | 
         | That would be hard without having a functioning one first. The
         | blitter would be also handy for a number of things, from PCM
         | sound to network and disk transfers.
        
           | alexisread wrote:
           | On the right (ie. Mirror of the STE 15pin ports) would mean
           | that they could keep the electrical layout ie. Connected to
           | the keyboard, and hence a separate keyboard unit. For 2
           | player games you would be swapping it a lot- there were
           | adapters just to help with this.
           | 
           | I agree it would be difficult to design a correct socket, but
           | from interviews it was always the plan to have a blitter, and
           | a socket as standard would have helped adoption.
           | 
           | The main thing is that the T212 is a great coprocessor,
           | faster than the 68881 fpu and with a 2k cache. Introducing
           | the transputer as a coprocessor would potentially have
           | changed the computing landscape
        
         | msk-lywenn wrote:
         | U+D for a button means you can't go up or down at the same or
         | is there a trick?
        
           | msephton wrote:
           | I think what was meant was using fire+directions to trigger
           | additional virtual buttons. Many games did this in software
           | anyway.
        
             | alexisread wrote:
             | Just that you can't go up and down at the same time, so
             | it's a valid electrical signal for another button, and
             | importantly standard so games would take advantage of it.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Sure, but if U+D is button 2, you can't register up or
               | down and button 2 together. You need another wire, a
               | serial protocol, or whatever sega did for the 6-button
               | genesis/mega drive controller (i think a toggle?)
        
               | brulard wrote:
               | This would be my question as well. If i go up, and
               | pressing this button 2, then the output signal does not
               | know if i'm going up or down or none of those.
        
               | alexisread wrote:
               | The code will be polling the input, so it's effectively
               | quantized, and games can treat movement as a vector.
               | Seems to work ok:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atHTzwcx4Og
               | 
               | Obviously it'd be better to have a protocol like the
               | megadrive, but given the setup in the ST, this is a hack
               | without having to change the ST hardware.
        
           | tom_ wrote:
           | You can't go up and down simultaneously on a joystick anyway!
           | The stick can't go both ways at once. So this gives you the
           | option of reusing these signal combinations for other kinds
           | of input.
        
             | msk-lywenn wrote:
             | I meant pressing the u+d button and actually going up
             | (pressing just u, which means not d) at the same time.
        
               | tom_ wrote:
               | Oh, good point, yes. It's just a combination of inputs
               | rather than some kind of stream of states isn't it. I'm
               | rusty.
               | 
               | The 9 pin pinout has 2 spare button inputs anyway. Maybe
               | it'd be feasible to use those.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | I mean the whole point of the ST was "rock bottom price" and a
         | lot of the things you're talking about would have raised the
         | BOM significantly, or delayed its introduction by precious few
         | weeks or months.
         | 
         | Beating the Amiga to market, and beating it on price were super
         | important.
         | 
         | But I do think there was a _serious_ problem with follow
         | through. The Blitter and GDOS and then the STe came too long to
         | come after. The Blitter never became standard, and the games
         | and software suffered for it. And updates on the operating
         | system were slow and thin until it was way too late.
         | 
         | I do agree that the cartridge port thing -- it being limited to
         | 128kB expansion -- was needless. One more pin, even, would at
         | least allow for a proper OS upgrade via cartridge port!
         | Definitely one of the stupidest design decisions on the
         | machine.
        
           | alexisread wrote:
           | You have a point, but the ST bottleneck during development
           | appeared to be the software, so there was possibly space for
           | hardware tweaks. The BOM would go up slightly but remember
           | they would have saved on developing and shipping a separate
           | disk drive which would cover a lot of these changes.
           | 
           | Realistically it's amazing the ST was as good as it was,
           | given the 6 month development time and the kings of penny
           | pinching at the helm :)
        
         | tom_ wrote:
         | The tiny ST with the external disk drive had the joystick ports
         | at the side - a far superior design.
         | 
         | I quite liked the STe. The mono monitor was great, RAM upgrades
         | were easy, and they'd improved some of the display hardware's
         | worst limitations. Even though TOS was never especially good,
         | they'd fixed all the worst bits by that point.
         | 
         | Still could have benefited from some other extra hardware and
         | OS tweaks though I think.
         | 
         | - 800 KB disk format supported directly by the OS
         | 
         | - blitter is not as useful as it could be, due to sharing bus
         | time with the CPU. It should be able to use ACSI bandwidth if
         | not in use/Shifter bandwidth during non-display periods, so it
         | can run in parallel with the CPU
         | 
         | - 256 px 5 bitplane mode (so still 40 words per line), probably
         | an EHB kind of affair if 32 palette entries would be too much
         | 
         | - something to improve endless scrolling? No carry out of bit
         | 15 when computing Shifter address? You'd end up wrapping before
         | the display period was finished if increasing the display
         | stride, but you can work around that in software...
         | 
         | - put the 9 pin joystick ports on the side
         | 
         | - write signal for that stupid cartridge port that is _almost_
         | (but not quite) useful for general purpose expansion
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | I had a 520ST back in the mid 80s. I would have killed for a Mega
       | ST, but I couldn't afford one and realistically needed an IBM-
       | compatible PC, which I eventually got.
       | 
       | Things I remember about about the 520ST:
       | 
       | - Those horrible diagonal function keys. There was no reason for
       | them to be diagonal, rather than normal keys as they were on the
       | IBM. But I've always hated function keys.
       | 
       | - Games like Dungeon Master (really still quite a good game
       | today).
       | 
       | - Not a bad C compiler, but I can't remember who by -
       | LightSomething?
       | 
       | - The GEM GUI was not so bad, but using it with a floppy disk
       | was.
       | 
       | But all-in-all I was quite happy to get my PC-compatible to do
       | serious work with.
        
         | jjbinx007 wrote:
         | Those function keys were bad but why have the joystick and
         | mouse ports underneath in that location? Awful.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | Yeah, I forgot about that. But I suppose you didn't need to
           | replug them very often, and it wasn't much worse than
           | plugging into an IBM PC before USB came along. And at least
           | the Atari had lots of useful ports.
        
           | robinsonb5 wrote:
           | Ironically, speaking as an Amiga guy, those diagonal function
           | keys were an aspect of the ST I really liked!
           | 
           | I don't know if they were consistent with the other keys in
           | terms of feel, but they were a striking, unique design
           | feature that instantly identified the machine as being Atari
           | without compromising practicality.
        
         | doop wrote:
         | Laser C or Lattice C maybe?
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Atari vs Amiga was such an interesting time in computing history.
       | 
       | When I see generations that grew up with game consoles, and talk
       | about the current uptake on desktop games, they really have no
       | idea what they missed out in home computing and the first wave of
       | indie game development, from bedroom coders .
        
         | vanderZwan wrote:
         | > _they really have no idea what they missed out_
         | 
         | Tangent: the older I get, the more it annoys me that this
         | expression kind of implies a failure of young people to study
         | history, when I feel like it's more the responsibility of
         | previous generations to preserve and pass down history for them
         | to learn from. Especially because it's usually people in power
         | in some form who are trying to keep the newer generations naive
         | here so they can be fooled again.
         | 
         | Not saying that this interpretation was your intent (in fact I
         | suspect it's the opposite), just directly expressing my
         | annoyance at the expression itself.
        
           | kenjackson wrote:
           | I never thought that statement was actually about having an
           | "idea", but more about not actually having lived through the
           | experience. Quite the opposite from your belief, no amount of
           | study would allow them to understand what is was like.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Understandable, hence why many of my comments kind of look
           | like mini-history lessons, and I tend to be pedantic.
           | 
           | However curiosity also plays a big role.
           | 
           | If I know so much about computing history since the 1950's,
           | is because I do my research, and take advantage of all
           | archives that have been placed online, certainly I wasn't
           | around to live all of it.
        
           | flohofwoe wrote:
           | > when I feel like it's more the responsibility of previous
           | generations to preserve and pass down history for them to
           | learn from
           | 
           | But everything _has_ been preserved and passed down. The
           | entire home computing phenomenon has been archived and is
           | available on the internet thanks to the rampant  'software
           | piracy' which was common at the time, and detailed schematics
           | and manuals coming with the computers (which have all been
           | digitized and are available on the internet). Even my obscure
           | KC85 games I wrote as a teenager and 'distributed' on
           | cassette tapes by snail mail are available as download
           | because some kind person(s) digitized all that stuff during
           | the early 90s and put it on some 'underground' game download
           | portals.
           | 
           | The 80s and early 90s home computer era will be better
           | preserved than anything that came after it.
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | > The 80s and early 90s home computer era will be better
             | preserved than anything that came after it.
             | 
             | Indeed. Sadly, many more recent games will probably be lost
             | to time forever due to DRM, online service components going
             | offline or never being distributed on physical media in the
             | first place. As someone into vintage computers and
             | preservation, I worry that future generations may look back
             | and see the late 2010s and certainly the 2020s as a 'dark
             | age' when surveying the history and evolution of digital
             | gaming. All we'll have are YouTube videos (assuming those
             | survive future business model tectonic shifts) but no
             | ability to actually experience the game play first-hand.
             | 
             | Recently I've been exploring the back catalog of more
             | obscure PS3 and X360 games via emulation and have found
             | some absolutely terrific titles I never even knew existed.
             | Some of them were only ever sold through the console's
             | online store and never available on physical media. With
             | the XBox 360 and Nintendo Wii stores now long offline, only
             | the PS3 store remains available - and who knows for how
             | much longer, since Sony already announced its closure once
             | and then changed their mind. There's now a race to preserve
             | many of these titles
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | > a failure of young people to study history
           | 
           | The good news is that not only was almost all of it
           | preserved, teenagers today are really interested in retro
           | gaming. My 15 year-old daughter, who's not into computers
           | more than any other 15 year-old girl, just asked if she could
           | go with me to the vintage computer festival this Summer. She
           | tells me her friends at school are all interested in running
           | emulators to play classic games from arcade to SNES to PS2
           | and N64.
           | 
           | I guess the 'dark lining' to that silver cloud is that this
           | interest from teens in retro gaming is partly thanks to the
           | increasing downsides of modern gaming (cost, DLC, ads, hour-
           | long download/installs, etc). While game graphics continue to
           | get more and more impressive, stuff like real-time path
           | tracing doesn't seem to excite teens as much as does me.
           | Ultimately, it's about game play more than visuals. Lately
           | I've been exploring the immense back catalog of N64, PS2, PS3
           | and x360 games via emulation and there are some incredible
           | gems I never even heard about back in the day. It's
           | especially great now thanks to the huge variety of mods,
           | enhancements, texture packs, decompilations/recompilations
           | and fan translations. And current emulators can upscale and
           | anti-alias those games even on a potato desktop or laptop
           | with a low-end discrete GPU.
        
       | cmrdporcupine wrote:
       | The Mega ST (not the Mega STe) is the best _quality_ machine of
       | the series. Mechanical cherry keyswitches on the keyboard. Easy
       | access in the case to expand (though the Mega STe /TT had
       | standardized VMEbus and the Mega ST was its own custom thing).
       | 
       | The Mega STe had a funkier case, VMEbus, and upgraded specs, but
       | mushy rubber dome keyboard, more brittle plastics.
       | 
       | I like to collect the Mega as the best of the bunch, personally.
        
       | Ozarkian wrote:
       | I owned one of those! I sold my 1040ST to my friend to get some
       | of the money for a Mega 2.
       | 
       | I liked how the keyboard was detachable and the hard drive was
       | the same size at the motherboard case, so you could stack them.
        
       | Aldipower wrote:
       | I own 4 Mega STe and I am using them almost daily. One of them,
       | the rest is spare parts. Producing music with it. The Atari is my
       | MIDI master clock and central piece of MIDI sequencing together
       | with Cubase 3.1 for the Atari. Seriously the MIDI timing is
       | unbeaten until today! The MIDI ports are directly attached to the
       | CIA chip which is again directly connected to the Motorola 68k
       | CPU. Runs absolutely stable even 35 years later. No crashes what
       | so ever and also no distractions by updates or "phone home
       | applications". It just works, distractless! Shame on the "present
       | future".
        
         | vanderZwan wrote:
         | > _Seriously the MIDI timing is unbeaten until today!_
         | 
         | Is this in any way related to the general _" speed is going up
         | but latency is getting worse"_ phenomenon of hardware in the
         | last decades?
        
           | Aldipower wrote:
           | Yes, I think this is a on point statement. :-)
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | Yes, back in the days, I/O was often really low latency
           | because memory and therefore buffers were expensive and gate
           | count was limited, it meant more direct connections, which
           | meant low latency.
           | 
           | The Atari 2600 for instance was known for "racing the beam",
           | updating the image while it was being drawn on the CRT
           | monitor. A latency measured in pixels rather than frames! It
           | was necessary because the console didn't have enough memory
           | for a framebuffer.
           | 
           | The Atari ST is special for the inclusion built-in of MIDI
           | ports, and it was made cheaply, which at the time meant
           | direct connections and it resulted it low latency.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | You can have low latency and low jitter today, but you will
             | need to use a microcontroller not a general-purpose CPU.
             | The old 16/32 bit retro machines are essentially
             | microcontroller architecture devices with general-purpose
             | computer peripherals, for pretty much the reasons you
             | mention. But there are many cheap microcontrollers
             | available today, such as the Raspberry Pico series.
        
               | GuB-42 wrote:
               | And when you factor in FPGAs, you can get down to the
               | microsecond or less. Low latency is possible, it is just
               | that priorities are often elsewhere.
               | 
               | We like being able to plug everything anywhere. And I
               | admit it is damn cool being able to connect a display,
               | most kinds of storage devices, keyboard and mouse, all
               | while charging my laptop on a single port, at any time. I
               | may even be able to disconnect my laptop and put my phone
               | instead and it will do something sensible. If you did
               | that back in the day, there was a good chance for one of
               | the devices to turn into a smoke machine.
               | 
               | It comes at a cost though.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | > If you did that back in the day, there was a good
               | chance for one of the devices to turn into a smoke
               | machine.
               | 
               | Back in the day, you would not have been able to do any
               | of this with one port. Each type of device had it's own
               | uniquely shaped connector/pins combo. You were not going
               | to connect your SCSI devices into the VGA monitor port
               | accidentally. Closest I ever saw was someone attempting
               | plug in a Mac ADB cable to the S-Video port, but that
               | just resulted in bent pins. It just so happened those
               | pins were on an Avid Film Composer dongle instead of a
               | replaceable cable.
        
               | YZF wrote:
               | I think modern general purpose CPUs are perfectly capable
               | of low latency and jitter. The problem isn't the CPU, the
               | problem is stuff around the CPU (mostly the operating
               | system). The less deterministic aspects of modern CPUs
               | (branch prediction, speculative execution, caches etc).
               | happen at timescales much smaller than what you usually
               | care about (and possibly smaller than the jitter specs on
               | microcontrollers).
        
               | Lerc wrote:
               | A rp2350 with psram and microsd could probably do a
               | commendable job at pretending to be an entire Atari ST
               | while providing a bootload of extra low latency goodies
               | at the same time
        
               | bitwize wrote:
               | I refer to the RP2xxx chips as "headless Amigas" because
               | their PIO modules essentially function like Coppers: they
               | are simple state machines that offload I/O functionality
               | off the CPU.
               | 
               | I think there's a very strong future in emulation of
               | achieving FPGA-like latency by using a Raspberry Pi
               | Pico/Pico2 to emulate each of the target machine's
               | subsystems/chips.
        
               | Lerc wrote:
               | Have you seen https://github.com/floooh/chips A bunch of
               | PIO linked chips using these interfaces would feel like a
               | weird blend of software and hardware that stands
               | separately to the FPGA world. I have wondered if it would
               | actually work as a larger scale paradigm. Imagine a
               | single piece of silicon with a bunch of RP2xxxx level
               | processor/ram blocks with PIO links between them all. I'm
               | not sure how it would come out compared to FPGAs for
               | balance of flexibility/cost/power consumption/etc. but I
               | suspect it could find a niche.
               | 
               | antirez mentioned running some of these on RP2040's
        
             | nailer wrote:
             | > The Atari 2600 for instance was known for "racing the
             | beam", updating the image while it was being drawn on the
             | CRT monitor. A latency measured in pixels rather than
             | frames!
             | 
             | Oh wow! I remember hearing that oculus were doing this on
             | their devices and thinking it was new.
        
           | weinzierl wrote:
           | This is true, but in my opinion also misleading. Speed and
           | latency are fundamentally different. Speed would be a
           | _Performance Feature_ in the Kano model, meaning there is
           | usually a linear relationship between speed and user
           | satisfaction.
           | 
           | Latency would be a _Basic Feature_. Once you cross 7 ms (or 5
           | ms, or even 3 ms if you absolutely insist) you 're happy,
           | above that everything is absolutely unusable.
        
             | Aldipower wrote:
             | You are missing out the jitter. This is often the worst
             | part of modern implementations. If there is a jitter of 4ms
             | and peaking sometimes with 20ms, then a 5ms latency is
             | still bad. This implementation is basically unusable. Like
             | many modern USB ones..
             | 
             | The Atari has an absolute stable and extremely low jitter.
             | Some guy measured it to 1us. Cannot find the link though,
             | sorry.
             | 
             | So the Atari has low latency around 2-4ms with an extremely
             | low jitter. This is execatly what you want from a MIDI
             | clock and sequencer driving multiple MIDI devices.
        
               | deng wrote:
               | How do you think any professional works nowadays with
               | MIDI? A good, modern USB interface (from Focusrite or
               | similar) has a jitter well below 1ms, usually in the
               | range of 200us. If that is too much, simply sync your DAW
               | with an external, dedicated clock, which will usually
               | give you a jitter in the single us range.
        
               | Aldipower wrote:
               | I have a Focusrite and the MIDI timing is terrible. Sure,
               | there is more to it then just the interface. With USB you
               | just cannot guarantee a stable midi timing, because there
               | is no good midi buffer implementation for it. Technically
               | it would be possible, but no one cares.. Professionals
               | using something like MIDI to audio converters via an VSTi
               | plugin that takes midi signals, modulates them onto a
               | audio signal (which can be easily buffered) and some
               | dedicated outboard equipment converts this back to MIDI.
               | If you are working with hardware synths, etc. this is the
               | only option you have nowadays with non-vintage hardware.
               | A lot of producers do not work with midi anyways, they
               | use plugins, that's why it is some kind of a niche
               | problem and there's not much talking about it.
        
               | deng wrote:
               | First off, I'm assuming of course we are talking Mac
               | here, because Windows is unusable for MIDI. If you have
               | terrible MIDI timing with a Mac, then yes indeed, you'll
               | need to sync via audio, but there are nice and
               | inexpensive solutions for this, for instance the
               | Midronome.
               | 
               | Look, I'm not trying to convince you to get rid of your
               | Ataris, quite the contrary. I'm just disagreeing that
               | it's impossible to have low jitter nowadays, but I fully
               | agree that things used to be simpler before everything
               | was done via USB.
        
               | Aldipower wrote:
               | Agreed. It is of-course not impossible, but it is almost
               | impossible out-of-the-box (literally ;-)) I have a USAMO
               | (Universal Sample-Accurate MIDI Output) device, but do
               | not use it, because as I said, Atari is king here. :-)
               | Not sure how the Midronome can solve the problem of midi
               | notes coming inaccurate from a modern DAW? But maybe I do
               | not understand it completly. Need to have a deeper look.
               | Since some years I am using Linux with a Focusrite for
               | mastering and audio tracking. Midi was bad with Linux and
               | Windows since I got my first USB interface and went away
               | from PCI interfaces. But this shouldn't matter too much.
               | :-)
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | Not really.
           | 
           | MIDI is a serial protocol.
           | 
           | At any given time only one message can be sent down the wire.
           | [1]
           | 
           | So on the beat, an implementation can send either the clock
           | pulse or note on or something else. [2]
           | 
           | If you send the clock everything else has to wait. If you
           | send something else, the clock has to wait.
           | 
           | Now with modern computers, you are also dealing with USB
           | which is a low priority parallel protocol and has to
           | coordinate with everything else a modern kernel does.
           | 
           | Music is hard.
           | 
           | [1] premium hardware sequencers sometimes have two or more
           | Midi Out to reduce contention.
           | 
           | [2] Midi Time Code solves this by encoding monotonic time
           | into Midi and is how serious sync is done over Midi, e.g. in
           | Hollywoood
        
         | _DeadFred_ wrote:
         | I have the equivalent of a $500,000+ studio from my childhood,
         | all in my laptop.
         | 
         | You are concerned about a 9600 baud protocol.
         | 
         | There is zero 'shame' on the 'present future' when it comes to
         | music production tools. It is like one of the hugest bright
         | spots/biggest equalizers. Best thing I did was go ITB. No
         | headaches. No hardware maintenance on obscure hardware. No MIDI
         | limitations or even considering of my MIDI chains. Just music
         | making.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | Some musicians still like to play instruments -- for them and
           | their listeners, ITB production is seen as a cheat and not
           | real musicianship -- and for them the lack of a stable MIDI
           | clock on today's hardware absolutely does matter. A trained
           | musician can _feel_ time difference as small as 1 ms. Any
           | latency or jitter greater than that and a perfect track could
           | be ruined.
           | 
           | As an aside, all-digital workflows take the joy out of music
           | being made in the moment, by ear and by feel. There is no
           | replacement, for example, for a professional sound engineer
           | adjusting a mix strictly by the sound in their headphones and
           | the feel of the sliders under their fingers.
        
         | an_aparallel wrote:
         | I really wish you could easily get somwthing like the Myster ST
         | clones...seems like supply is spotty, and price seems pretty
         | high. Id love an original if they were less marked up too...
        
       | msephton wrote:
       | The Atari ST was foundational for me. I loved it so much, learned
       | a great deal, discovered and played many great video games,
       | designed page layouts, made my own software and games. In
       | December 2023 one of my recent games was listed in Ars Technica's
       | "Best Games of 2023" alongside Super Mario Wonder and I can draw
       | the line right the way back to my time on the Atari ST.
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38372936
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | The positioning of the cursor keys on the Atari STs is
       | interesting [0]. It arguably makes sense for the cursor block to
       | be located more in the vertical middle rather than at the bottom
       | edge of the keyboard.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Atari_10...
        
       | j45 wrote:
       | The Atari's still look like they're a great first computer for
       | kids.
        
       | throw_m239339 wrote:
       | I did prefer the Amiga, but I still got an Atari ST for an very
       | obvious reason: It had MIDI DIN port and was way cheaper than
       | most digital sequencers at the time.
       | 
       | It's funny how some young producers today wonder "how did people
       | do it without a computer before the 2000?"...well guess what, we
       | did used computers! I cannot however remember what software
       | sequencer I was using, I know it had MIDI effects (like MIDI
       | echo), that's all I remember.
       | 
       | And by 1998, Logic was fairly advanced anyway and even had plenty
       | of plugins.
        
         | Ylpertnodi wrote:
         | >I cannot however remember what software sequencer I was using,
         | I know it had MIDI effects (like MIDI echo),
         | 
         | Possibly/ probably Cubase. Anyone remember the Mike Hunt
         | version? I'm still using cubase on a nice pc, but I miss the
         | stability of the atari.
        
       | bartread wrote:
       | I have to say, I _love_ the industrial design of these 80s
       | machines from Atari, and also from contemporary Commodore
       | offerings. As an example, the original Amiga 1000 is _beautiful_
       | , and I'd be incredibly happy to have a machine with that form
       | factor, but equipped with modern internals, today.
       | 
       | Honestly, I don't think even Apple could touch the best of Atari
       | and Commodore industrial design in the back half of the 1980s. To
       | be blunt, the early Macintoshs simply weren't practical in their
       | design: for starters, a tiny monitor - that was originally black
       | and white (which in 1984 was already kind of a joke) - and very
       | limited upgradeability, relatively poor multimedia capabilities
       | (speech synthesis was no more than a gimmick that was also
       | available on other platforms), and then the whole aesthetic just
       | wasn't _that_ pleasant.
       | 
       | And I say this as someone who, personally, has only owned Apple
       | machines for the past 15ish years, so I'm not exactly coming at
       | this from a "not a fanboi" perspective. I'd still take 1980s
       | Atari or Commodore aesthetic over modern Apple, or modern
       | anything else for that matter[0].
       | 
       | Also, as an aside, I really enjoyed seeing "Atari Means Business
       | with the Mega ST" as the top headline on Hacker News in 2025.
       | Even on a Sunday when content typically tends to be more varied
       | and interesting this was still an entertaining surprise.
       | 
       |  _[0] I suspect the reality may be that I 'm an "anything but
       | Wintel" kind of person, although not at any cost, because I did
       | run PCs exclusively for 11 or 12 years. They never really helped
       | me enjoy computing in the way the other machines have though._
        
         | icedchai wrote:
         | I always felt the Amiga 3000 was Commodore's high point in
         | terms of industrial design. Still, the keyboard garage in the
         | 1000 was neat!
        
         | II2II wrote:
         | The industrial design of PCd may have been lacking in beauty,
         | but it was almost always practical.
         | 
         | For example: I cannot think of any desktop models that lacked
         | internal expansion. They may have used a riser card to stack in
         | two or three slots sideways, but the slots were there. The
         | design may have been crude, but at least your desktop wasn't
         | turned into a disaster every time the technological landscape
         | shifted: when hard drives became affordable, the world switched
         | to 3.5" floppies, if you decided to use online services or send
         | faxes directly from your computer, get a CD-ROM, or cable
         | Internet.
        
       | b800h wrote:
       | Every time I see anything about the varieties of ST, it gives me
       | PTSD over the woeful keyboard. It was like a trampoline made of
       | fudge.
       | 
       | This says that the keyboard on the Mega ST was better. And yet
       | still not good enough. Egads, that ST mess was a terrible
       | keyboard.
        
         | hashmash wrote:
         | The main problem with the keyboard was the non-standard size of
         | the kepcaps. The standard distance between keycaps is 0.75
         | inches, and the standard top width is 0.5 inches. The Atari ST
         | keycap distance is standard, but the top width is 0.625 inches.
         | Because of this, if your finger isn't exactly centered over the
         | top of the key, it hits the adjacent key too, leading to key
         | jam.
        
         | whobre wrote:
         | Well, my first computer was a 48k ZX Spectrum, and after that
         | experience Atari's keyboard looked like heaven.
         | 
         | Still liked the Speccy better...
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | The Mega keyboard was good, comparable to a current mechanical
         | one.
        
       | jlokier wrote:
       | Wow, there are a lot of C compilers for Atari ST!
       | 
       | I was astonished to find about 22 distinct C compilers, including
       | their own libraries, assemblers, linkers etc. for the Atari ST
       | and its successors. That's not counting separate versions, just
       | distinct products from different vendors.
       | 
       | From what I can see now looking at archive sites, there was a
       | huge amount of activity in developer tools on the ST back in the
       | day. Much more than I thought at the time. It might have been a
       | serious contender for the dominant architecture (along with the
       | m68k CPU), if IBM PC-compatibles and x86 hadn't won.
       | 
       | Recently I looked for Atari ST C compilers, out of curiosity to
       | test portability of a C program I'm working on.
       | 
       | I've been testing C code for diverse Unix systems.
       | 
       | As I used to own an Atari 520ST (with 1MB RAM beautifully piggy-
       | backed and hand-soldered on the existing RAM chips :-), it seemed
       | like a good idea to peek at C on an ST emulator. I didn't use C
       | when I had a real Atari ST (no C books in my local library), so I
       | expected to find one or two C compilers, not 22!
        
       | sheepscreek wrote:
       | Atari "means" business..? I can't get over the present tense in
       | the heading. I double-checked if they had actually released
       | something new. It feels like clickbait, and I wish it weren't.
        
       | predictsoft wrote:
       | I once played Ultima 6 from a RAM disk on an ST with 4MB RAM.
       | Game install from 'Hard disk' to RAM disk - it didn't realise.
       | And then I used bigger size floppy disks (940KB I think) and a
       | fast copy utility to get those 3 disks to start the game and when
       | done, save the game and save it all off to 3 floppies. It was
       | totally fast!
        
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