[HN Gopher] The 'white-collar bloodbath' is all part of the AI h...
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       The 'white-collar bloodbath' is all part of the AI hype machine
        
       Author : lwo32k
       Score  : 606 points
       Date   : 2025-05-30 13:38 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnn.com)
        
       | DrillShopper wrote:
       | I look forward to the day where executive overpromises and
       | engineering underdeliveries bring about another AI winter so the
       | useful techniques can continue without the stench of the "AI"
       | association and so the grifters go bankrupt.
        
         | sevensor wrote:
         | The implosion of this AI bubble is going to have a stupendous
         | blast radius. It's never been harder to distinguish AI from
         | "things people do with computers" more generally. The whole
         | industry is implicated, complicit, and likely to suffer when AI
         | winter arrives. Dotcom bust didn't just hit people who were
         | working for pets.com.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | Just like the internet was a fad, right?
        
           | DrillShopper wrote:
           | More like the dot-com bubble
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | Internet only became a fad once it was already large and had
           | tens of millions of users.
           | 
           | I remember the pre-Web days of Usenet and BBS and no one
           | thought those were trendy.
           | 
           | AI is far more akin to crypto.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Lots of people talk about crypto yet almost no one uses it.
             | 
             | Pretty much everyone I know uses AI for something.
        
       | monero-xmr wrote:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_predictions_for_auto...
       | 
       | It wasn't just Elon. The hype train on self driving cars was
       | extreme only a few years ago, pre-LLM. Self driving cars exist
       | sort of, in a few cities. Quibble all you want but it appears to
       | me that "uber driver" is still a popular widespread job, let
       | alone truck driver, bus driver, and "car owner" itself.
       | 
       | I really wish the AI ceos would actually make my life useful. For
       | example, why am I still doing the dishes, laundry, cleaning my
       | house, paying for landscaping, painters, and on and on? In terms
       | of white collar work I'm paying my fucking lawyers more than
       | ever. Why don't they solve an actual problem
        
         | DrillShopper wrote:
         | > In terms of white collar work I'm paying my fucking lawyers
         | more than ever. Why don't they solve an actual problem
         | 
         | Rule 0 is that you never put your angel investors out of work
         | if you want to keep riding on the gravy train
        
         | Philpax wrote:
         | Because textual data is plentiful and easy to model, and
         | physical data is not. This will change - there are now several
         | companies working on humanoid robots and the models to power
         | them - but it is a fundamentally different set of problems with
         | different constraints.
        
         | MangoToupe wrote:
         | > I really wish the AI ceos would actually make my life useful.
         | 
         | TBH, I do think that AI can deliver on the hype of making tools
         | with genuinely novel functionality. I can think of a dozen
         | ideas off the top of my head just for the most-used apps on my
         | phone (photos, music, messages, email, browsing). It's just
         | going to take a few years to identify how to best integrate
         | them into products without just chucking a text prompt at
         | people and generating stuff.
        
         | GardenLetter27 wrote:
         | Bureaucracy and regulation is the main issue there though.
         | 
         | Like in Europe where you're forced to pay a notary to start a
         | business - it's not really even necessary, nevermind something
         | that couldn't be automated, but it's just but of the
         | establishment propping up bureaucrats.
         | 
         | Whereas LLMs and generative models in art and coding for
         | example, help to avoid loads of bureaucracy in having to sort
         | out contracts, or even hire someone full-time with payroll,
         | etc.
        
           | jellicle wrote:
           | We are going to have an ever-increasing supply of stories
           | along the lines of "used a LLM to write a contract; contract
           | gave away the company to the counterparty; now trying to get
           | a court to dissolve the contract".
           | 
           | Sure you'll have destroyed the company, but at least you'll
           | have avoided bureaucracy.
        
           | dosinga wrote:
           | > Like in Europe
           | 
           | Like in the US you have a choice of which jurisdiction you
           | want to start your company. Not all require a notary
        
           | xxs wrote:
           | >Like in Europe where you're forced to pay a notary to start
           | a business
           | 
           | Do you have a specific country in mind, as the statement is
           | not true for quite a lot of EU member states... and likely
           | untrue for most of the European countries.
        
         | edent wrote:
         | Buy a dishwasher - they're cheap, work really well, and don't
         | use much energy / water.
         | 
         | Same as a washing machine / drier. Chuck the clothes in, press
         | a button, done.
         | 
         | There are Roomba style lawnmowers for your grass cutting.
         | 
         | I'll grant you painting a house and plumbing a toilet aren't
         | there yet!
        
           | al_borland wrote:
           | With the laundry machine and dishwasher, it still requires
           | effort. A human needs to collect the dirty stuff, put it into
           | the machine properly, decide when it should run, load the
           | soap, select a cycle type, start it, monitor the machine to
           | know when it's done, empty the machine, and put the stuff
           | away properly, thus starting the human side of the process
           | again.
           | 
           | It's less work than it used to be, but remove the human who
           | does all that and the dirty dishes and clothes will still
           | pile up. It's not like we have Rosie, from The Jetsons,
           | handling all those things (yet). How long before the average
           | person has robot servants at home? Until that day, we are
           | effectively project managers for all the machines in our
           | homes.
        
             | Kirby64 wrote:
             | > A human needs to collect the dirty stuff, put it into the
             | machine properly, decide when it should run, load the soap,
             | select a cycle type, start it, monitor the machine to know
             | when it's done, empty the machine, and put the stuff away
             | properly, thus starting the human side of the process
             | again.
             | 
             | The really modern stuff is pretty much as simple as "load,
             | start, unload" - you can buy combo washing machines that
             | wash and dry your clothes, auto dispense detergent, etc.
             | It's not folding or putting away your clothes, and you
             | still need to maintain it (clean the filter, add detergent
             | occasionally, etc)... but you're chipping away at what is
             | left for a human to do. Who cares when it's done? You
             | unload it when you feel like it, just like every
             | dishwasher.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | My understanding is combo machines aren't ideal. But
               | running a load of laundry in a couple separate machines
               | is pretty low effort.
        
               | al_borland wrote:
               | Unload timing on the washer/dryer matters.
               | 
               | Leave things wet in the washer too long and they smell
               | like mold and you have to run it again. Leave them in the
               | dryer too long and they are all wrinkled, and you have to
               | run it again (at least for a little while).
               | 
               | I grew up watching everyone in my family do this,
               | sometimes multiple times for the same load. That's why I
               | set timers and remove stuff promptly.
               | 
               | The dishwasher I agree, and it's usually best to leave
               | them in there at least for a little while once it's done.
               | However, not unloading it means dirty dishes start to
               | stack up on the counter or in the sink, so it still
               | creates a problem.
               | 
               | As far as "load, start, unload" goes. We covered unload,
               | but load is also an issue where some people do have
               | issues. They load the dishwasher wrong and things don't
               | get clear, or they start it wrong and are left with spots
               | all over everything. Washing machines can be overloaded,
               | or unbalanced. Washing machines and dryers can also be
               | started wrong, the settings need to match the garments
               | being washed. Some clothes are forgiving, others are not.
               | There is still human error in the mix.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | > Leave things wet in the washer too long and they smell
               | like mold and you have to run it again. Leave them in the
               | dryer too long and they are all wrinkled, and you have to
               | run it again (at least for a little while).
               | 
               | Not a problem for the two-in-one washer/dryers for the
               | mildew issue, and for the wrinkles, most dryers have a
               | cycle to keep running them intermittently after the cycle
               | finishes for hours to mitigate most of the wrinkling
               | issues. You've got a much much longer window before
               | wrinkles are an issue with that setup.
        
         | coffeefirst wrote:
         | You know what I want? A LM that navigates customer support
         | phone trees for me.
         | 
         | If you want to waste my time with an automated nonsense we
         | should at least even the playing field.
         | 
         | This is feasible with today's technology.
        
         | Hilift wrote:
         | Self-driving cars are required to beep when in reverse. In both
         | San Francisco and San Diego homes near Waymo charging
         | facilities are a nuisance. The neighbors hate the beeping, and
         | they operate late hours, and use things like shop vac cleaners
         | that are loud. Whoever thought of this hates self driving cars
         | and people. There is no way this can work in mixed urban areas.
        
       | darth_avocado wrote:
       | I don't understand how any business leader can be excited about
       | humans being replaced by AI. If no one has a job, who's going to
       | buy your stuff? When the unemployment in the country goes up,
       | consumer spending slows down and recession kicks in. How could
       | you be excited for that?
        
         | FeteCommuniste wrote:
         | I guess the idea is that the people left working will be made
         | _so_ productive and wealthy thanks to the miracle of AI that
         | they can more than make up the difference with extravagant
         | consumption.
        
           | isoprophlex wrote:
           | I too plan to buy 100.000 liters of yogurt each day once AI
           | has transported me into the socioeconomic strata of the 0.1%
        
             | FeteCommuniste wrote:
             | My many robots will be busy building glorious mansions out
             | of yogurt cups.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | Or, as per a _Love, Death, and Robots_ short film, the
               | new superintelligence will be inextricable from yogurt...
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | If you want to see what that looks like, just look at the
           | economy of India. Do we really want that?
        
             | FeteCommuniste wrote:
             | Certainly not what I want, but it looks like we could be
             | headed there. And the "industry leaders" seem cool with it,
             | to judge by their politics.
        
             | munksbeer wrote:
             | The economy of India is trending in the opposite direction
             | to this narrative. More and more people lifted out of
             | poverty as they modernise.
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | The comment wasn't on the trend or where things are going
               | and the historical progress the country has made. The
               | comment was on the current state of the economy. The fact
               | that wealth concentration creates its own unique
               | challenges. If as many people were unemployed and in
               | poverty (or in the low income bracket) in the US or any
               | other developed nation, the living conditions would have
               | been drastically deteriorated. The consumer market would
               | have shrunk to the point where most people couldn't
               | afford to buy chips and soda.
        
               | munksbeer wrote:
               | The point is, I don't see that happening. The reverse is
               | happening in the world. The percentage of people in
               | poverty globally is decreasing each year.
               | 
               | I still fail to see why people think we're going to
               | innovate ourselves into global poverty, it makes no
               | sense.
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | Poverty is decreasing because innovation is creating more
               | jobs. Everything hinges on the fact that people can earn
               | a living and spend their money to generate more jobs. If
               | AI replaces those jobs you're going the other way.
        
               | const_cast wrote:
               | Right, every economic system we've thought up relies on
               | the assumption that everyone works. Or, close to
               | everyone. Capitalism is just as much about consumption as
               | it is production.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | Close to everyone doesn't work today. The labor force
               | participation rate is only about 62%.
        
               | const_cast wrote:
               | Labor force participation rate has increased pretty
               | drastically since 1950. I'd imagine due to better
               | medicine and treatments that allow people to work when
               | they otherwise wouldn't.
               | 
               | But, 62% is very high. Keep in mind that number takes
               | into account not only the elderly and disable, but also
               | children.
               | 
               | Pretty much everyone who can work is working. We don't
               | want children to be working, that's bad. We should all be
               | on the same page about that.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | I'd been thinking modern day Russia, but I admit to being
             | ignorant of a lot of countries outside the U.S.
        
           | al_borland wrote:
           | A single rich person can only much door dash. Scaling a
           | customer base needs to be done horizontally.
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | We have consumer capitalism now. Before we didn't. There's no
         | reason it can't be replaced.
         | 
         | Sure there can be rich people who are radical enough to push
         | for another phase of capitalism.
         | 
         | That's a kind of a capitalism which is worse for workers and
         | consumers. With even more power in the hands of capitalists.
        
         | thmsths wrote:
         | Tragedy of the commons: no one being able to buy stuff is a
         | problem for everyone, but being able to save just a bit more by
         | getting rid of your workforce is a huge advantage for your
         | business.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | ... in the interim, of course.
        
           | bckr wrote:
           | "tragedy of the commons" is treated as a Theory of Human
           | Nature when it's really a religious principle underlying how
           | we operate our society.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | People hunted large mammals to extinction long before
             | modern society, so tragedy of the commons is nature in
             | general. We know other predators do it as well, not just
             | humans.
        
         | johnbenoe wrote:
         | You ever thought there's more to life than work lol. Maybe
         | humans can approach a new standard of living...
        
           | codr7 wrote:
           | Excellent choice of words there: new standard.
           | 
           | I'm sure we are, but it doesn't look like an improvement for
           | most people.
        
             | johnbenoe wrote:
             | Not yet at least, but there's no stopping this kind of
             | efficiency jump. Anyone who thinks otherwise is in denial.
        
               | myko wrote:
               | Maybe, but aren't LLM companies burning cash? The
               | efficiency gains I see from LLMs typically come from
               | agents which perform circular prompts on themselves until
               | they reach some desired outcome (or give up until a human
               | can prod them along).
               | 
               | It seems like we'll need to generate a lot more power to
               | support these efficiency gains at scale, and unless that
               | is coming from renewables (and even if it is) that cost
               | may outweigh the gains for a long time.
        
               | johnbenoe wrote:
               | They're burning cash at a high rate because of the grand
               | potential, and they are of course keeping some things
               | behind closed doors.
               | 
               | I also respect the operative analysis, but the
               | strategical, long-term thinking, is that this will come
               | and it will only speed up everything else.
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | The grand potential of short sighted profits with no
               | concern for society nor other humans, yes.
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | I would say anyone who sees that happening is in denial,
               | because all the proof out there points in the opposite
               | direction.
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | I'm yet to be convinced that if majority of the humans are
           | out of work, the government will be able to take care of them
           | and allow them to "pursue their calling". Hunger games is a
           | more believable outcome to me.
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | The most powerful nation on earth isn't even willing to
           | extend basic health care to the masses, nevermind freeing
           | them to pursue a higher calling than enriching billionaires.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | If someone is going to suggest UBI, I wish they could explain
           | to me how Reservations have failed so hard in the U.S.. I
           | think that would be a cautionary tale.
        
             | duderific wrote:
             | Decades and decades of mistreatment are not going to be
             | remedied by some modest handouts. That doesn't mean that
             | UBI as a whole could never work.
        
               | 9x39 wrote:
               | Shouldn't we be able to find at least one pilot or
               | prototype with a lasting success story to build off of
               | before concluding we need to do it on a huge scale?
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | > If no one has a job, who's going to buy your stuff?
         | 
         | All the people employed by the government and blue collar
         | workers? All the entrepreneurs, gig workers, black market
         | workers, etc?
         | 
         | It's easy to _imagine_ a world in which there are way less
         | white collar workers and everything else is pretty much the
         | same.
         | 
         | It's also easy to _imagine_ a world in which you sell less
         | stuff but your margins increase, and overall you 're better
         | off, even if everybody else has less widgets.
         | 
         | It's also easy to _imagine_ a world in which you 're able to
         | cut more workers than everyone else, and on aggregate, barely
         | anyone is impacted, but your margins go up.
         | 
         | There's tons of other scenarios, including the most cited one -
         | that technology thus far has always led to more jobs, not less.
         | 
         | They're probably believing any combination of these concepts.
         | 
         | It's not guaranteed that if there's 5% less white-collar
         | workers per year for a few decades that we're all going to
         | starve to death.
         | 
         | In the future, if trends continue, there's going to be way less
         | workers - since there's going to be a huge portion of the
         | population that's old and retired.
         | 
         | You can lose x% of the work force every year and keep
         | unemployment stable...
         | 
         | A large portion of the population wants a lot more people to be
         | able to not work and get entitlements...
         | 
         | It's pretty easy to see how a lot of people can think this
         | could lead to something good, even if you think all those
         | things are bad.
         | 
         | Two people can see the same painting in a museum, one finds it
         | beautiful, and the other finds it completely uninteresting.
         | 
         | It's almost like asking - how can someone want the Red team to
         | win when I want the Blue team to win?
        
           | munksbeer wrote:
           | >It's also easy to imagine a world in which you sell less
           | stuff but your margins increase, and overall you're better
           | off, even if everybody else has less widgets.
           | 
           | History seems to show this doesn't happen. The trend is not
           | linear, but the trend is that we live better lives each
           | century than the previous century, as our technology
           | increases.
           | 
           | Maybe it will be different this time though.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | "Technology increases" have not made my life better than my
             | boomer parents' and they will probably not make the next
             | generation's lives better than ours. Big things like
             | housing costs, education costs, healthcare costs are not
             | being driven down by technology, quite the opposite.
             | 
             | Yes, the lives of "people selling stuff" will likely get
             | better and better in the future, through technology, but
             | the wellbeing of normal people seems to have peaked at
             | around the year 2000 or so.
        
             | carlosjobim wrote:
             | I think that's mostly myth, and a very very deeply
             | ingrained myth. That's why probably hundreds of people
             | already feel the rage boiling up inside of them right now
             | after reading my first sentence.
             | 
             | But it is myth. It has always been in the interest of the
             | rulers and the old to try to imprint on the serfs and on
             | the young how much better they have it.
             | 
             | Many of us, maybe even most of us, would be able to have
             | fulfilling lives in a different age. Of course, it depends
             | on what you value in life. But the proof is in the pudding,
             | humanity is rapidly being extinguished in industrial
             | society right now all over the world.
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | > All the people employed by the government and blue collar
           | workers
           | 
           | If people don't have jobs, government doesn't have taxes to
           | employ other people. If CEOs are salivating at the thought of
           | replacing white collar workers, there is no reason to think
           | next step of AI augmented with robotics won't replace blue
           | collar workers as well.
        
             | trealira wrote:
             | > If CEOs are salivating at the thought of replacing white
             | collar workers, there is no reason to think next step of AI
             | augmented with robotics won't replace blue collar workers
             | as well.
             | 
             | Robotics seems harder, though, and has been around for
             | longer than LLMs. Robotic automation can replace blue
             | collar factory workers, but I struggle to imagine it
             | replacing a plumber who comes to your house and fixes your
             | pipes, or a waiter serving food at a restaurant, or someone
             | who restocks shelves at grocery stores, that kind of thing.
             | Plus, in the case of service work like being a waiter, I
             | imagine some customers will always be willing to pay for a
             | human face.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | > I struggle to imagine it replacing a plumber who comes
               | to your house and fixes your pipes, or a waiter serving
               | food at a restaurant, or someone who restocks shelves at
               | grocery stores, that kind of thing.
               | 
               | These are three totally different jobs requiring
               | different kinds of skills, but they will all be replaced
               | with automation.
               | 
               | 1. Plumber is a skilled trade, but the "skilled" parts
               | will eventually be replaced with 'smart' tools. You'll
               | still need to hire a minimum wage person to actually go
               | into each unique home and find the plumbing, but the
               | tools will do all the work and will not require an
               | expensive tradesman's skills to work.
               | 
               | 2. Waiter serving food, already being replaced with
               | kiosks, and quite a bit of the "back of the house"
               | cooking areas are already automated. It will only take a
               | slow cultural shift towards ordering food through
               | technology-at-the-table, and robots wheeling your food
               | out to you. We've already accepted kiosks in fast food
               | and self-checkout in grocery stores. Waiters are going
               | bye-bye.
               | 
               | 3. Shelf restocking, very easy to imagine automating this
               | with robotics. Picking a product and packing it into a
               | destination will be solved very soon, and there are
               | probably hundreds of companies working on the problem.
        
               | trealira wrote:
               | > 1. Plumber is a skilled trade, but the "skilled" parts
               | will eventually be replaced with 'smart' tools. You'll
               | still need to hire a minimum wage person to actually go
               | into each unique home and find the plumbing, but the
               | tools will do all the work and will not require an
               | expensive tradesman's skills to work.
               | 
               | I'm not a plumber, but my background knowledge was that
               | pipes can be really diverse and it could take different
               | tools and strategies to fix the same problem for
               | different pipes, right? My thought was that "robotic
               | plumber" would be impossible for the same reasons it's
               | hard to make a robot that can make a sandwich in any type
               | of house. But even with a human worker that uses advanced
               | robotic tools, I would think some amount of baseline
               | knowledge of pipes would always be necessary for the
               | reasons I outlined.
               | 
               | > 2. Waiter serving food, already being replaced with
               | kiosks, and quite a bit of the "back of the house"
               | cooking areas are already automated. It will only take a
               | slow cultural shift towards ordering food through
               | technology-at-the-table, and robots wheeling your food
               | out to you. We've already accepted kiosks in fast food
               | and self-checkout in grocery stores. Waiters are going
               | bye-bye.
               | 
               | That's true. I forgot about fast-food kiosks. And the
               | other person showed me a link to some robotic waiters,
               | which I didn't know about. Seems kind of depressing, but
               | you're right.
               | 
               | > 3. Shelf restocking, very easy to imagine automating
               | this with robotics. Picking a product and packing it into
               | a destination will be solved very soon, and there are
               | probably hundreds of companies working on the problem.
               | 
               | The way I imagine it, to automate it, you'd have to have
               | some sort of 3D design software to choose where all the
               | items would go, and customize it in the case of those
               | special display stands for certain products, and then
               | choose where in the backroom or something for it to move
               | the products to, and all that doesn't seem to save much
               | labor over just doing it yourself, except the physical
               | labor component. Maybe I just lack imagination.
        
               | 9x39 wrote:
               | > 1. Plumber is a skilled trade, but the "skilled" parts
               | will eventually be replaced with 'smart' tools. You'll
               | still need to hire a minimum wage person to actually go
               | into each unique home and find the plumbing, but the
               | tools will do all the work and will not require an
               | expensive tradesman's skills to work.
               | 
               | But if you have to be trained in the use of a variety of
               | 'smart' tools - that sounds like engineering to know what
               | tool to deploy and how.
               | 
               | It's also incredibly optimistic about future tools - what
               | smart tool fixes leaky faucets, hauls and installs water
               | heaters, unclogs or replaces sewer mains, runs new pipes,
               | does all this work and more to code, etc? There are cool
               | tools and power tools and cool power tools out there, but
               | vibe plumbing by the unskilled just fills someone's house
               | with water or worse...
               | 
               | > 2. Waiter serving food, already being replaced with
               | kiosks, and quite a bit of the "back of the house"
               | cooking areas are already automated. It will only take a
               | slow cultural shift towards ordering food through
               | technology-at-the-table, and robots wheeling your food
               | out to you. We've already accepted kiosks in fast food
               | and self-checkout in grocery stores. Waiters are going
               | bye-bye.
               | 
               | Takeout culture is popular among GenZ, and we're more
               | likely to see walk-up orders with online order ahead than
               | a facsimile of table service.
               | 
               | Why would cheap restaurants buy robots and allow a dining
               | room to go unmanned and risk walkoffs instead of just
               | skipping the whole make-believe service aspect and run it
               | like a pay-at-counter cafeteria? You're probably right
               | that waiters will disappear outside of high-margin fine
               | dining as labor costs squeeze margins until restaurants
               | crack and reorganize.
               | 
               | >3. Shelf restocking, very easy to imagine automating
               | this with robotics. Picking a product and packing it into
               | a destination will be solved very soon, and there are
               | probably hundreds of companies working on the problem.
               | 
               | Do-anything-like-a-human robots might crack that, but
               | today it's still sci-fi. Humans are going to haul things
               | from A to B for a bit longer, I think. I bet we see
               | drive-up and delivery groceries win via lights-out
               | warehouses well before "I, Robot" shelf stockers.
        
               | DrillShopper wrote:
               | > a waiter serving food at a restaurant
               | 
               | I have already eaten at three restaurants that have
               | replaced the vast majority of their service staff with
               | robots, and they're fine at that. Do I think they're
               | better than a human? No, personally, but they're "good
               | enough".
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > or a waiter serving food at a restaurant,
               | 
               | Over the last few years, I've seen a few in use here in
               | Berlin: https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/robot-waiter-
               | for-sale.html
               | 
               | > or someone who restocks shelves at grocery stores
               | 
               | For physical retail, or home delivery?
               | 
               | People are working on this for traditional stores, but I
               | can't tell which news stories are real and which are hype
               | -- after around a decade of Musk promising FSD within a
               | year or so, I know not to simply trust press releases
               | even when they have a video of the thing apparently
               | working.
               | 
               | For home delivery, this is mostly kinda solved:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssZ_8cqfBlE
               | 
               | > Plus, in the case of service work like being a waiter,
               | I imagine some customers will always be willing to pay
               | for a human face.
               | 
               | Sure... if they have the money.
               | 
               | But can we make an economy where all the stuff is free,
               | and we're "working" n-hours a day smiling at bad jokes
               | and manners of people we don't like, so we can earn money
               | to spend to convince someone else who doesn't like us to
               | spend m-hours a day smiling at our bad jokes and manners?
        
               | trealira wrote:
               | > Over the last few years, I've seen a few in use here in
               | Berlin: https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/robot-waiter-
               | for-sale.html
               | 
               | Wow. I genuinely didn't think robotic waiters would ever
               | exist anytime soon.
               | 
               | > For physical retail, or home delivery?
               | 
               | I was thinking for physical retail. Thanks for the video
               | link.
        
               | pesus wrote:
               | I've seen robot waiters at one restaurant in SF as well,
               | and I wouldn't be surprised if there were more. They'll
               | most likely be here on a large scale faster than we
               | think.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | It's more a dishwasher level of automation than 3CPO-
               | when you order they enter your table number and the
               | kitchen staff puts the prepared dishes in the shelves in
               | the robot, which the drives to your table. Once it gets
               | there you take the dishes from the robot.
               | 
               | Tech-wise this could have existed 30 years ago (maybe
               | going around the restaurant would have been more
               | challenging than today but it's a fixed path and the
               | robots don't leave the restaurant).
        
               | rufus_foreman wrote:
               | >> or someone who restocks shelves at grocery stores
               | 
               | They've already replaced part of that job at one of the
               | grocery stores that I go to, there's a robot that checks
               | the level of stock on the shelves,
               | https://www.simberobotics.com/store-intelligence/tally.
        
               | hnthrow90348765 wrote:
               | >or a waiter serving food at a restaurant
               | 
               | I've seen this already at a pizza place. Order from a QR
               | code menu and a robot shows up 20-25 minutes later at
               | your table with your pizza. Wait staff still watched the
               | thing go around.
        
               | JadeNB wrote:
               | > Robotics seems harder, though, and has been around for
               | longer than LLMs. Robotic automation can replace blue
               | collar factory workers, but I struggle to imagine it
               | replacing a plumber who comes to your house and fixes
               | your pipes, or a waiter serving food at a restaurant, or
               | someone who restocks shelves at grocery stores, that kind
               | of thing. Plus, in the case of service work like being a
               | waiter, I imagine some customers will always be willing
               | to pay for a human face.
               | 
               | Wouldn't you have struggled to imagine most of what LLMs
               | can now do 5 years ago?
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Yeah, it's as though "middle class" was a brief miracle of
             | our age. Serfs and nobility is the more probably human
             | condition.
             | 
             | Hey, is there a good board game in there somewhere? _Serfs
             | and Nobles(tm)_
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | ML models don't make fully informed decisions and will not
             | until AGI is created. They can make biased guesses at best
             | and have no means of self-directed inquiry to integrate new
             | information with an understanding of its meaning. People
             | employed in a decision making capacity are safe, whether
             | that's managing people or building a bridge from a
             | collection of parts and construction equipment.
        
               | whattheheckheck wrote:
               | Has anyone made a fully informed decision?
        
               | madaxe_again wrote:
               | Look, human cognition is obviously better than machine
               | cognition, and nobody has ever made a poor argument or
               | decision.
               | 
               | End of conversation.
        
               | JadeNB wrote:
               | > People employed in a decision making capacity are safe,
               | whether that's managing people or building a bridge from
               | a collection of parts and construction equipment.
               | 
               | Surely the modern history of decision making has been to
               | move as much of it as possible away from humans and to
               | algorithms, even "dumb" ones?
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | > All the people employed by the government and blue collar
           | workers?
           | 
           | You forgot the born-wealthy.
           | 
           | I feel increasingly like a rube for having not made my little
           | entrepreneurial side-gigs focused strictly on the ultra-
           | wealthy. I used to sell tube amplifier kits, for example, so
           | you and I could have a really high-end audio experience with
           | a very modest outlay of cash (maybe $300). Instead I should
           | have sold the same amps but completed for $10K. (There is no
           | upper bounds for audio equipment though -- I guess we all
           | know.)
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | This is the real answer. Eventually, when 95% of us have no
             | jobs because AI and robotics are doing everything, then the
             | rich will just buy and sell from each other. The other 7
             | billion people are not economically relevant and will just
             | barely participate in the economy. It'll be like the movie
             | Elysium.
             | 
             | I briefly did a startup that was kind of a side-project of
             | a guy whose main business was building yachts. Why was he
             | OK with a market that just consisted of rich people?
             | "Because rich people have the money!"
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | > This is the real answer. Eventually, when 95% of us
               | have no jobs because AI and robotics are doing
               | everything, then the rich will just buy and sell from
               | each other
               | 
               | My prediction is that the poor will reinvent the
               | guillotine
        
               | hnthrow90348765 wrote:
               | >It'll be like the movie Elysium.
               | 
               | The rich were able to insulate themselves in space which
               | is much harder to get to than some place on Earth. If the
               | rich want to turtle up on some island because that's the
               | only place they're safe, that's probably a better outcome
               | for us all. They lose a lot of ability to influence
               | because they simply can't be somewhere in person.
               | 
               | It also relies heavily on a security force (or military)
               | being complicit, but they have to give those people a
               | better life than average to make it worth it. Even those
               | dumb MAGA idiots won't settle for moldy bread and leaky
               | roofs. That requires more and more resources, capital,
               | and land to sustain and grow it, which then takes more
               | security to secure it. "Some rich dude controlling
               | everything" has an exponential curve of security
               | requirements and resources. This even comes down to how
               | much land they need to be able to farm and feed their
               | security guys.
               | 
               | All this assuming your personal detail and larger
               | security force actually likes you enough, because if
               | society has broken down to this point, they can just kill
               | the boss and take over.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | And this is assuming that they won't destroy each other.
               | Any society have conflicts and I failed to see a bunch of
               | ultrarich not have any.
        
           | neutronicus wrote:
           | There are also blue- and pink-collar industries that we all
           | tacitly agree are crazy understaffed right now because of
           | brutal work conditions and low pay (health care, child care,
           | K-12, elder care), with low quality-of-service a concern
           | across the board, and with many job functions that seem very
           | difficult to replace with AI (assuming liability for
           | preventing children and elderly adults from physically
           | injuring themselves and others).
           | 
           | If you, a CEO, eliminate a bunch of white-collar workers,
           | presumably you drive your former employees into all these
           | jobs they weren't willing to do before, and hey, you make
           | more profits, your kids and aging parents are better-taken-
           | care-of.
           | 
           | Seems like winning in the fundamental game of society -
           | maneuvering everyone else into being your domestic servants.
        
             | const_cast wrote:
             | Right, but the elephant in the room is that despite those
             | industries being constantly understaffed and labor being in
             | extreme demand, they're underpaid. It seems nobody gives a
             | flying fuck about the free market when it comes to the
             | labor market, which is arguably the most important market.
             | 
             | So, flooding those industries with more warm bodies
             | probably won't help anything. I imagine it would make the
             | already fucked labor relations even more fucked.
        
               | neutronicus wrote:
               | It would be bad for compensation in the field(s) but the
               | actual working conditions might improve, just by dint of
               | having enough people to do all the work expected.
        
           | spamizbad wrote:
           | > All the people employed by the government and blue collar
           | workers? All the entrepreneurs, gig workers, black market
           | workers, etc?
           | 
           | I can tell you for many of those professions their customers
           | are the same white collar workers. The blue collar economy
           | isn't plumbers simply fixing the toilets of the HVAC guy,
           | while the HVAC guy cools the home of the electrician,
           | while...
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | > The blue collar economy isn't plumbers simply fixing the
             | toilets of the HVAC guy, while the HVAC guy cools the home
             | of the electrician, while...
             | 
             | That is exactly what blue collar economy used to be though:
             | people making and fixing stuff for each other. White collar
             | jobs is a new thing.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Game theory/Nash equilibrium/Prisoner's Dilemma, and the
         | turkey's perspective in the problem of induction.
         | 
         | So far, for any given automation, each actor gets to cut their
         | own costs to their benefit -- and if they do this smarter than
         | anyone else, they win the market for a bit.
         | 
         | Every day the turkey lives, they get a bit more evidence the
         | farmer is an endless source of free food that only wants the
         | best for them.
         | 
         | It's easy to fool oneself that the economics are eternal with
         | reference to e.g. Jevons paradox.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | > turkey's perspective in the problem of induction...
           | 
           | Had to look that up:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_illusion
        
           | abracadaniel wrote:
           | My long term fear with AI is that by replacing entry level
           | jobs, it breaks the path to train senior level employees. It
           | could take a couple of decades to really feel the heat from
           | it, but could lead to massive collapse as no one is left with
           | any understanding of how existing systems work, or how to
           | design replacements.
        
             | pseudo0 wrote:
             | Juniors and offshore teams will probably be the most
             | severely impacted. If a senior dev is already breaking off
             | smaller tightly scoped tasks and fixing up the results,
             | that loop can be accomplished much more quickly by
             | iterating with a LLM. Especially if you have to wait a
             | business day for someone in India to even start on the task
             | when a LLM is spitting out a similar quality PR in minutes.
             | 
             | Ironically a friend of mine noticed that the team in India
             | they work with is now largely pushing AI-generated code...
             | At that point you just need management to cut out the
             | middleman.
        
               | teitoklien wrote:
               | lol, what it's soon going to lead to is unfortunately the
               | very opposite of what you're thinking.
               | 
               | Management will cut down your team's headcount and
               | outsource even more to India ,Vietnam and Philippines.
               | 
               | A CFO looks at balance sheet not operations context, even
               | if you're idea is better the opposite of what you think
               | is likely going to happen very soon.
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | _Management will cut down your team's headcount and
               | outsource even more to India ,Vietnam and Philippines_
               | 
               | Management did all that at companies I've worked for for
               | years before 'AI'. The big change is that the teams in
               | India won't 200 developers, but 20 developers handholding
               | an AI.
        
             | lurkshark wrote:
             | I'm actually worried we've gotten a kickstart on that
             | process already. Anecdotally it seems like entry level
             | developer jobs are harder to come by today than a decade
             | ago. Without the free-money growth we were seeing for a
             | long time it seems like companies are more incentivized to
             | only hire senior developers at the loss of the greater good
             | that comes with hiring and mentoring junior developers.
             | 
             | Caveat that this is anecdotal, not sure if there are
             | numbers on this.
        
             | cjs_ac wrote:
             | This isn't AI-specific, though; businesses decided that it
             | was everyone else's responsibility to train their employees
             | over a decade ago.
        
             | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
             | If it takes a few decades, they may actually automate all
             | but the most impressive among senior positions though.
        
             | socalgal2 wrote:
             | I agree with your worry.
             | 
             | That said, the first thing that jumps to my mind is cars.
             | Back when they were first introduced you had to be a
             | mechanically inclined person to own one and deal with it.
             | Today, people just buy them and hire the very small number
             | of experts (relative to the population of drivers) to deal
             | with any issues. Same with smartphones. The majority of
             | users have no idea how they really work. If it stop working
             | they seek out an expert.
             | 
             | ATM, AI just seems like another level of that. JS/Python
             | programmers don't need to know bits and bytes and memory
             | allocation. Vibe coders won't need to know what JS/Python
             | programmers need to know.
             | 
             | Maybe there won't be enough experts to keep it all going
             | though.
        
             | scarlehoff wrote:
             | This is what I fear as well: some companies might adopt a
             | "sustainable" approach to AI, but others will dynamite the
             | entry path to their companies. Of course, if your only goal
             | is to sell a unicorn and be out after three years, who
             | cares... but serious companies with lifelong employees that
             | adopt the AI-first strategy are in for a surprise (looking
             | at you, Microsoft).
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | > It could take a couple of decades to really feel the heat
             | from it, but could lead to massive collapse
             | 
             | When you consider how this interacts with the population
             | collapse (which is inevitable now everywhere outside of
             | some African countries) this seems even worse. In 20 years,
             | we will have far fewer people under age 60 than we have
             | now, and among that smaller cohort, the percentage of
             | people at any given age who have useful levels of
             | experience will be less because they may not be able to
             | even begin meaningful careers.
             | 
             | Best case scenario, people who have gotten 5 or more years
             | of experience by now (college grads of 2020) may scrape by
             | indefinitely. They'll be about 47 then and have no one to
             | hire that's more qualified than AI. Not necessarily
             | _because_ AI is so great; rather, how will there be someone
             | with 20 years of experience when we simply don 't hire any
             | junior people this year?
             | 
             | Worst case, AI overtakes the Class of 2020 and moves up the
             | experience-equivalence ladder faster than 1 year per year,
             | so it starts taking out the classes of 2015, 2010, etc.
        
               | baby_souffle wrote:
               | > Worst case, AI overtakes the Class of 2020 and moves up
               | the experience-equivalence ladder faster than 1 year per
               | year, so it starts taking out the classes of 2015, 2010,
               | etc.
               | 
               | This is my bet. Similar to Moores law. Where it plateaus
               | is anybody's guess...
        
             | Nasrudith wrote:
             | The worst case for such a cycle is generating new jobs in
             | reverse engineers. Although in practice with what we have
             | seen with machinists it tends to just accelerate existing
             | trends towards outsourcing to countries who haven't had the
             | 'entry level collapse'.
             | 
             | We've already eliminated certain junior level domains
             | essentially by design. There aren't any 'barber-surgeons'
             | with only two years of training for good reason. Instead we
             | have surgery integrated it into a more lengthy and
             | complicated educational path to become what we now would
             | consider a 'proper' surgeon.
             | 
             | I think the answer is that if the 'junior' is uneconomical
             | or otherwise unacceptable be prepared to pay more for the
             | alternative, one way or another.
        
             | Traubenfuchs wrote:
             | As a senior software engineer code monkey this is my
             | greatest hope!
        
           | spacemadness wrote:
           | And we as humans figured all this out and still do nothing
           | with this knowledge. We fight as hard as we can against
           | collective wisdom.
        
           | absurdo wrote:
           | Basically if anyone has an iota of sensibility you should
           | have never taken sama, Zuckerberg, Gates, or anyone else of
           | that sort at face value. When they tell you they're doing
           | things for the good of humanity, look at what the other hand
           | is up to.
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | You're being confused by the numbers. We aren't trying to
         | maximise consumer spending, the point is to maximise living
         | standards. If the market equilibrium price of all goods was $0
         | consumer spending would be $0 and living standards would be off
         | the charts. It'd be a great outcome.
         | 
         | It just happens that up to this point there have been things
         | that couldn't be done by capital. Now we're entering a world
         | where there isn't such a thing and it is unclear what that
         | implies for the job market. But people not having jobs is
         | hardly a bad thing as long as it isn't forced by stupid policy,
         | ideally nobody has to work.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | In theory. In reality, how are the benefits of all this
           | efficiency going to be distributed to the people who aren't
           | working? I sure don't see any calls for higher taxes and more
           | wealth redistribution.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | The source article is an analysis of an interview
             | (https://www.axios.com/2025/05/28/ai-jobs-white-collar-
             | unempl...) where the CEO of Anthropic called for higher
             | taxes and more wealth redistribution.
        
               | DrillShopper wrote:
               | I'm sure the Republican liches in the Senate have some
               | views on that which kill it out of the gate
        
             | ikrenji wrote:
             | Let's face it ~ almost all work will be automated in the
             | next 50 years. Either capitalism dies or humanity dies
        
           | alluro2 wrote:
           | Given the current mechanics evident in the society -
           | declining education, healthcare and rising cost of living,
           | homelessness and exploding economic inequality - who is "we",
           | trying to maximise living standards, and what movement do you
           | see leading towards such an outcome?
        
         | untrust wrote:
         | Another question: If AI is going to eat up everyone's jobs, how
         | will any business be safe from a new competitor showing up and
         | unseating them off their throne? I don't think that the low
         | level peons would be the only ones at stake as a company could
         | be easily outcompeted as well since AI could conceivably
         | outperform or replace any existing product anyways.
         | 
         | I guess funding for processing power and physical machinery to
         | run the AI backing a product would be the biggest barrier to
         | entry?
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Institutional knowledge is key here. Third parties can't
           | replicate it quickly just by using AI.
        
             | lubujackson wrote:
             | Luckily we are firing all those people so they will be
             | available for new roles.
             | 
             | This feels a lot like the dot boom/dot bust era where a lot
             | of new companies are going to sprout up from the ashes of
             | all this disruption.
        
             | floatrock wrote:
             | Also: network effects, inertia, cornering the market enough
             | to make incumbents uneconomical, regulatory capture...
             | 
             | AI certainly will increase competition in some areas, but
             | there are countless examples where being the best at
             | something doesn't make you the leader.
        
           | zhobbs wrote:
           | Yeah this will likely lead to margin compression. The best
           | companies will be fine though, as brand and existing
           | distribution is a huge moat.
        
             | azemetre wrote:
             | "Best" is carrying a lot of wait. More accurate to say the
             | monopolistic companies that engage in regulatory capture
             | will be fine.
        
               | jrs235 wrote:
               | Empowering the current US President to demand more
               | bribes.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | The beginning of the AI Wars?
        
         | anvandare wrote:
         | A cancerous cell does not care that it is (indirectly) killing
         | the lifeform that it is a part of. It just does what it does
         | without a thought.
         | 
         | And if it could think, it would probably be very proud of the
         | quarter (hour) figures that it could present. The Number has
         | gone up, time for a reward.
        
         | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
         | Business leaders in AI are _not_ excited and agree with your
         | concerns. That's what the source article is about - the CEO of
         | AI lab Anthropic said he sees major social problems coming
         | soon. The problem is that the information environment is
         | twisted in knots. The author, like many commentators,
         | characterizes your concerns as "optimism" and "hype", because
         | she doesn't think AI will actually have these large impacts.
        
           | spacemadness wrote:
           | I think he says this just to hype up how powerful of a force
           | AI is which helps these CEOs bottom line eventually.
           | Cynically "we've created something so powerful it will
           | eliminate jobs and cause strife" gets those investors excited
           | for more.
        
           | geraneum wrote:
           | They are. The audience of this talk is not normal people.
           | He's excited and is targeting a specific group in his
           | messaging. The author is a person like majority.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | I don't understand what you mean. The audience of this talk
             | is Axios, a large news website targeting the general
             | public.
        
               | geraneum wrote:
               | I believe he's talking to money, to investors. He does it
               | through Axios, CNN, BBC, etc. Their company is not
               | sustainable at this rate. None of the LLM service
               | providers are. They need money for now and that's why
               | they talk like this.
               | 
               | 50% of a group of workers losing their jobs to this tech
               | is not a worrisome future for him. It's a pitch!
        
         | leeroihe wrote:
         | They want an omnipresent, lobotomized and defeated underclass
         | who only exists to "respond" to the ai to continue to improve
         | it. This is basically what alexander wang from Scale AI
         | explained at a recent talk which was frankly terrifying.
         | 
         | Your UBI will be controlled by the government, you will have
         | even less agency than you currently have and a hyper elite will
         | control the thinking machines. But don't worry, the elite and
         | the government are looking out for your best interest!
        
           | pdfernhout wrote:
           | We already have that "defeated underclass" courtesy of a
           | century of mainstream schooling (according to NYS Teacher of
           | the Year John Taylor Gatto): "The Underground History of
           | American Education -- A conspiracy against ourselves"
           | https://www.lewrockwell.com/2010/10/john-taylor-gatto/the-
           | cu... "As soon as you break free of the orbit of received
           | wisdom you have little trouble figuring out why, in the
           | nature of things, government schools and those private
           | schools which imitate the government model have to make most
           | children dumb, allowing only a few to escape the trap. The
           | problem stems from the structure of our economy and social
           | organization. When you start with such pyramid-shaped givens
           | and then ask yourself what kind of schooling they would
           | require to maintain themselves, any mystery dissipates --
           | these things are inhuman conspiracies all right, but not
           | conspiracies of people against people, although circumstances
           | make them appear so. School is a conflict pitting the needs
           | of social machinery against the needs of the human spirit. It
           | is a war of mechanism against flesh and blood, self-
           | maintaining social mechanisms that only require human
           | architects to get launched. I'll bring this down to earth.
           | Try to see that an intricately subordinated
           | industrial/commercial system has only limited use for
           | hundreds of millions of self-reliant, resourceful readers and
           | critical thinkers. In an egalitarian, entrepreneurially based
           | economy of confederated families like the one the Amish have
           | or the Mondragon folk in the Basque region of Spain, any
           | number of self-reliant people can be accommodated usefully,
           | but not in a concentrated command-type economy like our own.
           | Where on earth would they fit? In a great fanfare of moral
           | fervor some years back, the Ford Motor Company opened the
           | world's most productive auto engine plant in Chihuahua,
           | Mexico. It insisted on hiring employees with 50 percent more
           | school training than the Mexican norm of six years, but as
           | time passed Ford removed its requirements and began to hire
           | school dropouts, training them quite well in four to twelve
           | weeks. The hype that education is essential to robot-like
           | work was quietly abandoned. Our economy has no adequate
           | outlet of expression for its artists, dancers, poets,
           | painters, farmers, filmmakers, wildcat business people,
           | handcraft workers, whiskey makers, intellectuals, or a
           | thousand other useful human enterprises -- no outlet except
           | corporate work or fringe slots on the periphery of things.
           | Unless you do "creative" work the company way, you run afoul
           | of a host of laws and regulations put on the books to control
           | the dangerous products of imagination which can never be
           | safely tolerated by a centralized command system...."
           | 
           | In 2010, I put together a list of alternatives here to
           | address the rise of AI and Robotics and its effect on jobs:
           | https://pdfernhout.net/beyond-a-jobless-recovery-knol.html
           | "This article explores the issue of a "Jobless Recovery"
           | mainly from a heterodox economic perspective. It emphasizes
           | the implications of ideas by Marshall Brain and others that
           | improvements in robotics, automation, design, and voluntary
           | social networks are fundamentally changing the structure of
           | the economic landscape. It outlines towards the end four
           | major alternatives to mainstream economic practice (a basic
           | income, a gift economy, stronger local subsistence economies,
           | and resource-based planning). These alternatives could be
           | used in combination to address what, even as far back as
           | 1964, has been described as a breaking "income-through-jobs
           | link". This link between jobs and income is breaking because
           | of the declining value of most paid human labor relative to
           | capital investments in automation and better design. Or, as
           | is now the case, the value of paid human labor like at some
           | newspapers or universities is also declining relative to the
           | output of voluntary social networks such as for digital
           | content production (like represented by this document). It is
           | suggested that we will need to fundamentally reevaluate our
           | economic theories and practices to adjust to these new
           | realities emerging from exponential trends in technology and
           | society."
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | That's a very pessimistic view. People can borrow money against
         | their property, then later they can borrow money against their
         | diploma and professional certificates (and nobody should be
         | allowed to work without being certified, that's dangerous).
         | Then later I think it's time for banks to start offering
         | consumers the reproductive right of mortgaging their children,
         | either born or unborn.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | It's like all the farmers soil shoveling jobs were stolen by
         | tractors. People moved on to more interesting things.
        
           | lowbloodsugar wrote:
           | In all previous such revolutions, humans were freed to do
           | more productive work while the cost of goods came down. But
           | that doesn't mean the same is true this time. Now the
           | revolution does not make physical tasks easier (like
           | ploughing or spinning thread) but intellectual labor. This
           | time, there are no jobs to go to, since those jobs are also
           | done by AI.
        
       | keybored wrote:
       | > If the CEO of a soda company declared that soda-making
       | technology is getting so good it's going to ruin the global
       | economy, you'd be forgiven for thinking that person is either
       | lying or fully detached from reality.
       | 
       | Exactly. These people are growth-seekers first, domain experts
       | second.
       | 
       | Yet I saw progressive[1] outlets reacting to this as a neutral
       | reporting. So it apparently takes a "legacy media" outlet to wake
       | people out of their AI stupor.
       | 
       | [1] American news outlets that lean social-democratic
        
       | sevensor wrote:
       | What AI is going to wipe out is white collar jobs where people
       | sleepwalk through the working day and carelessly half ass every
       | task. In 2025, we can get LLMs to do that for us. Unfortunately,
       | the kind of executive who thinks AI is a legitimate replacement
       | for actual work does not recognize the difference. I expect to
       | see the more credulous CEOs dynamiting their companies as a
       | result. Whether the rest of us can survive this remains to be
       | seen. The CEOs will be fine, of course.
        
         | Der_Einzige wrote:
         | Consulting companies like the Big 4 where this happens most are
         | bigger/stronger than ever (primarily due to AI related
         | consulting). Try again.
        
           | sevensor wrote:
           | What makes you think productive work is what consulting
           | companies are selling? They're there for laundering
           | accountability. When you bring in consultants to roll out
           | your corporate AI strategy, and it all falls apart in a few
           | years, you can say, "we were following best practices, nobody
           | could have anticipated X," where X is whatever failure mode
           | ultimately tanks the AI strategy.
        
             | code_for_monkey wrote:
             | you hire consultants so you can cut staff and quality, but
             | the CEOs were already going to do that.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | Do you think that it's possible in principle to have a
             | better or worse corporate AI strategy? I do, and because I
             | do, it seems clear that companies paying top dollar are
             | doing so because they expect a better one. There's no
             | reason to pay KPMG's rates if all you need is a fall guy.
             | 
             | Most criticisms I see of management consulting seem to come
             | from the perspective, which I get the sense you subscribe
             | to, that management strategy is broadly fake so there's no
             | underlying _thing_ for the consultants to do better or
             | worse on. I don 't think that's right, but I'm never sure
             | how to bridge the gap. It'd be like someone telling me that
             | software architecture is fake and only code is real.
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | Given that "design patterns" as a concept basically
               | doesn't exist outside of Java and a few other languages
               | no one actually uses, I'm apt to believe that "software
               | architecture is fake and only code is real".
        
               | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
               | Design patterns (as in commonly re-used designs that
               | solve commonly encountered problems) exist in every
               | language used enough to have commonly encountered
               | problems. Gang-of-Four style named design patterns are
               | mostly a Java thing, and repeatedly lead to the terrible
               | outcome of (hopefully junior) developers trying to find a
               | problem to use the design pattern they just learned about
               | on.
        
               | PeterStuer wrote:
               | The fall guy market is very sensitive to credentials. I
               | hired Joey Blows from Juice-My-AI just hasn't that CYA
               | shield of appoval.
        
               | ElevenLathe wrote:
               | I'm willing to believe that one can be better or worse at
               | management, and that in principle somebody could coach
               | you on how to get better.
               | 
               | That said, how would we measure if our KPMG engagement
               | worked or not? There's no control group company, so any
               | comparison will have to be statistical or vibes-based. If
               | there is a large enough sample size this can work: I'm
               | sure there is somebody out there that can prove
               | management consulting works for dentist practices in mid-
               | size US cities or whatever, though any well-connected
               | group that discovers this information can probably make
               | more money by just doing a rollup of them. This actually
               | seems to be happening in many industries of this kind.
               | Why consult on how to be a more profitable auto repair
               | business when you can do a leveraged buyout of 30 of
               | them, make them all more profitabl, and pocket that
               | insight yourself? I can understand if you're an poorly-
               | connected individual and short on capital, but the big
               | consulting firms are made up entirely of well-connected
               | people who rub elbows with rich people all day.
               | 
               | Fundamentally, there will never be enough data to prove
               | that IBM engaging McKinsey on AI in 2025 will have made
               | any difference in IBM's bottom line. There's only one IBM
               | and only one 2025!
        
           | code_for_monkey wrote:
           | I think this is the kind of logic you wind up with when you
           | start with the assumption that the Big 4 tell the truth about
           | absolutely everything all the time
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | Consulting companies don't sell productive advice. They sell
           | management insurance.
        
         | johnbenoe wrote:
         | Yea
        
         | psadauskas wrote:
         | AIs are great at generating bullshit, so if your job involves
         | generating bullshit, you're probably on the chopping block.
         | 
         | I just wish that instead of getting more efficient at
         | generating bullshit, we could just eliminate the bullshit.
        
           | potatoman22 wrote:
           | Some of the best applications of LLMs I've seen are for
           | reducing bullshit. My goal for creating AI products is to let
           | us act more like humans and less like oxen. I know it's
           | idealistic, but I need to act with some goal.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | > _AIs are great at generating bullshit, so if your job
           | involves generating bullshit, you 're probably on the
           | chopping block._
           | 
           | That covers majority of sales, advertising and marketing
           | work. Unfortunately, replacing people with AI there will only
           | make things worse for everyone.
        
         | cjs_ac wrote:
         | There's a connection to the return to office mandates here: the
         | managers who don't see how anyone can work at home are the ones
         | who've never done anything but yap in the office for a living,
         | so they don't understand how sitting somewhere quiet and just
         | _thinking_ counts as work or delivers value for the company. It
         | 's a critical failure to appreciate that different people do
         | different things for the business.
        
           | Jubijub wrote:
           | That is a hugely simplistic take that tells me you never
           | managed people out coordinated work across many people. I
           | mean I a more productive individually at home too, so are
           | probably all my folks in the team. But we don't always work
           | independently from each others, by which point having some
           | days in common is a massive booster
        
             | cjs_ac wrote:
             | There is a spectrum: at one extremity is mandatory in-
             | office presence every day; at the other is a fully-remote
             | business. For any given individual, and for any given team,
             | the approach needs to be placed on that spectrum according
             | to what it is that that individual or team does. I'm not
             | arguing in favour of any position on that spectrum; I'm
             | arguing against blanket mandates that don't involve any
             | consideration for what individuals in the business do.
        
         | const_cast wrote:
         | > What AI is going to wipe out is white collar jobs where
         | people sleepwalk through the working day and carelessly half
         | ass every task.
         | 
         | The only reason this existed in the first place is because
         | measuring performance is extremely difficult, and becomes more
         | difficult the more complex a person's job is.
         | 
         | AI won't fix that. So even if you eliminate 50% of your
         | employees, you won't be eliminating the bottom 50%. At worst,
         | and probably what happens on average, your choices are about as
         | good as random choice. So you end up with the same proportion
         | of shitty workers as you had before. At worst worst, you
         | actively select the poorest workers because you have some
         | shitty metrics, which happens more often than we'd all like to
         | think.
        
         | richardw wrote:
         | CEO's will be fine until their customers disappear. Are the
         | AI's going to click ads and buy iPhones?
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | I haven't worked in the US; and - have not yet worked in a
         | company where such employees exist. Some are slower, some are
         | fast or more efficient or productive - but they're all,
         | everyone, under the pressure of too many tasks assigned to
         | them, and it's always obvious that more personnel is needed but
         | budget (supposedly) precludes it.
         | 
         | So, what you're describing is a mythical situation for me. But
         | - US corporations are fabulously rich, or perhaps I should say
         | highly-valued, and there are lots of investors to throw money
         | at things I guess, so maybe that actually happens.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | No, it's the same in the US, too. I don't know what these
           | mythical companies are where people are saying 50% of the
           | workforce does nothing, but I've never seen such a place.
           | Everywhere I've ever worked had way more projects to get done
           | than people available to do them. Everyone was working at
           | capacity.
        
         | xg15 wrote:
         | > _What AI is going to wipe out is white collar jobs where
         | people sleepwalk through the working day and carelessly half
         | ass every task._
         | 
         | Note that AI wipes out the jobs, but not the tasks themselves.
         | So if that's true, as a consumer, expect _more_ sleepwalked,
         | half-assed products, just created by AI.
        
         | habosa wrote:
         | I think it's actually going to save those people. They can vibe
         | code themselves just enough output to survive where before they
         | did next to nothing. In relative terms, they'll get a much much
         | higher productivity boost from AI than the already high-
         | performing Staff engineer.
         | 
         | Management will be thrilled.
        
       | whynotminot wrote:
       | There's a hype machine for sure.
       | 
       | But the last few paragraphs of the piece kind of give away the
       | game -- the author is an AI skeptic judging only the current
       | products rather than taking in the scope of how far they've come
       | in such a short time frame. I don't have much use for this short
       | sighted analysis. It's just not very intelligent and shows a
       | stubborn lack of imagination.
       | 
       | It reminds me of that quote "it is difficult to get a man to
       | understand something, when his salary depends on his not
       | understanding it."
       | 
       | People like this have banked their futures on AI not working out.
        
         | codr7 wrote:
         | The opposite is more true imo.
         | 
         | It's the AI hype squad that are banking their future on AI
         | magically turning into AGI; because, you know, it surprised us
         | once.
        
           | whynotminot wrote:
           | Not really -- even if AGI doesn't work and these models don't
           | get any better, there's still enormous value to be mined just
           | from harnessing the existing state of the art.
           | 
           | Or these guys pivot and go back to building CRUD apps.
           | They're either at the front of something revolutionary... or
           | not... and they'll go back to other lucrative big tech jobs.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Is there enormous value? AI is burning cash at an
             | extraordinary rate on the promise that it will be an
             | enormous value. But if it plateaus, then all the servers,
             | GPUs, data centers, power and cooling and other
             | infrastructure will have to be paid for out of revenue.
             | Will customers be willing to pay the actual costs of
             | running this stuff.
        
               | whynotminot wrote:
               | I don't know if what they've built and are building in
               | the future will justify the level of investment. I'm not
               | an economist or a VC. It's hard to fathom the huge sums
               | being so casually thrown around.
               | 
               | All I can tell you is that for what I use AI for now in
               | both my personal and professional life, I would pay a lot
               | of money (way more than I already am) to keep just the
               | _current_ capabilities I already have access to today.
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | May I ask what exactly AI provides that's worth so much
               | to you?
               | 
               | Because I wouldn't miss it at all if it disappeared
               | tomorrow, and I'm pretty sure the society would be better
               | off without it.
        
               | whynotminot wrote:
               | Sure! You asked for it, here's my speech:
               | 
               | I'm a software engineer so for work I use it daily. It
               | doesn't "do my job" but it makes my job vastly more
               | enjoyable. Need unit tests? Done. Want a prototype of an
               | idea that you can refine? Here. Shell script? Boom.
               | Somewhat complicated SQL query? Here ya go. Working with
               | some framework you haven't used before? Just having a
               | conversation with AI about what I'm trying to do is so
               | much better than sorting through often poorly written
               | documentation. It's like talking to another engineer who
               | just recently worked on that same kind of problem...
               | except for almost any problem you encounter. My
               | productivity is higher. More than that, I find myself
               | much more willing to take on bigger, harder problems
               | because I know there's powerful resources to answer just
               | about any question I could have. It just makes me enjoy
               | the job more.
               | 
               | In my personal life, I use it to cut through the noise
               | that in recent year has begun to overwhelm the signal on
               | the internet. Give me a salmon recipe. This used to be
               | the sort of thing you'd put into Google and get great
               | results. Now first result is some ad-stuffed website that
               | is 90% fluff piece and a recipe hidden at the bottom.
               | Just give me the fricken recipe! AI does that.
               | 
               | The other day I was trying to figure out whether a
               | designer-made piece of furniture was authentic despite
               | missing tags. Had a back and forth with ChatGPT, sharing
               | photos, describing the build quality, telling it what the
               | store owner had told me. Incredible depth of knowledge
               | about an obscure piece of furniture.
               | 
               | I also use the image generation all the time. For
               | instance, for the piece of furniture I talked about, I
               | took a picture of my apartment, and the furniture, and
               | asked it to put the furniture into my space, allowing me
               | to visualize it before purchase.
               | 
               | It's a frickin super power! I cannot even begin to
               | understand how people are still skeptical about the
               | transformative power of this stuff. It kind of feels like
               | people are standing outside the library of Alexandria,
               | debating whether it's providing any value, when they
               | haven't even properly gone inside.
               | 
               | Yes, there are flaws. I'm sure there's people reading
               | this about to tell me it made them put glue on their
               | salad or whatever. But what we have is already so deeply
               | useful to me. Could I have done all of this through old
               | fashioned search? Mastered Photoshop and put the
               | furniture into my apartment on my own? Of course! But the
               | _immediacy_ here is the game changer.
        
               | hatefulmoron wrote:
               | I'm not trying to make a point, just curious -- what's
               | stopping you from spending more money on AI? You could be
               | using more API tokens, more Claude Code and whatever
               | else.
        
               | whynotminot wrote:
               | I have a ChatGPT subscription, and work has one of those
               | "all the models" kind of subscriptions. So I have access
               | to pretty much most of the mainline models -- don't feel
               | the need to pay more.
               | 
               | But if the business model collapsed and they had to raise
               | prices, or work cheaped out and stopped paying for our
               | access, then yeah, I'd step up and spend the money to
               | keep it.
        
             | asadotzler wrote:
             | They've so far spent about what the world spent to build
             | out almost all of the broadband internet, the fiber, cable,
             | cellular, etc. If AI companies stop now, about 10 years
             | after they got going, does their effort give us trillions
             | of dollars being added to the economy each year from today
             | forward, like we got for every year after the 10 years of
             | internet build out between 1998 and 2008? I'm not seeing
             | it. If they stop now, that's a trillion dollars in the
             | dumper because no one can afford to operate the existing
             | tech without a continual influx of investor cash that may
             | never pay off.
        
         | bgwalter wrote:
         | Using the Upton Sinclair quote in this context is a sign of not
         | understanding the quote. The original quote means that you
         | ignore gross injustices of your employer in order to stay
         | employed.
         | 
         | It was never used in the sense of denigrating potential
         | competitors in order to stay employed.
         | 
         | > People like this have banked their futures on AI not working
         | out.
         | 
         | If "AI" succeeds, which is unlikely, what is _your_
         | recommendation to journalists? Should they learn how to code?
         | Should they become prostitutes for the 1%?
         | 
         | Perhaps the only option would be to make arrangements with the
         | Mafia like dock workers to protect their jobs. At least it
         | works: Dock workers have self confidence and do not constantly
         | talk about replacing themselves. /s
        
           | whynotminot wrote:
           | I think the quote makes perfect sense in this context,
           | regardless of the prior application.
           | 
           | As to my recommendation to what they do -- I dunno man. I'm a
           | software engineer. I don't know what _I_ am going to do yet.
           | But I'm sure as shit not burying my head in the sand.
        
             | bgwalter wrote:
             | Even if you apply the quote in a different sense, which
             | would take away all its pithiness, you are still
             | presupposing that "AI" will turn out to be a success.
             | 
             | The gross injustices in the original quote were already a
             | fact, which makes the quote so powerful.
        
               | whynotminot wrote:
               | AI as is, is already a success, which is why I find it so
               | baffling that people continue to write pieces like this.
               | 
               | We don't need AGI for there to be large displacement of
               | human labor. What's here is already good enough to
               | replace many of us.
        
       | johnwheeler wrote:
       | I previously worked at a company called Recharge Payments,
       | directly supporting the CTO, Mike--a genuinely great person, and
       | someone learning to program. Mike would assign me small tasks,
       | essentially making me his personal AI assistant. Now, I approach
       | everything I do from his perspective. It's clear that over time,
       | he'll increasingly rely on AI, asking employees less frequently.
       | Eventually, it'll become so efficient to turn to AI that he'll
       | rarely need to ask employees anything at all.
        
         | lexandstuff wrote:
         | I've never had a job like that. My job has always involved
         | helping my company, not just figure out how to build something,
         | but what to build. We typically collaborate on a few ideas and
         | then go away, let them percolate in our brains, before coming
         | back with some new ideas to try. The whole point of the Agile
         | Manifesto is that we don't know what to build in the first
         | place.
         | 
         | Sometimes my boss has asked me to do something that in the long
         | run will cost the company dearly. Luckily for him, I am happy
         | to push back, because I can understand what we're trying to
         | achieve and help figure the best option for the company based
         | on my experience, intuition and the data I have available.
         | 
         | There's so much more to working with a team than: "Here is a
         | very specific task, please execute it exactly as the spec
         | says". We want ideas, we want opinions, we want bursts of
         | creative inspiration, we want pushback, we want people to share
         | their experiences, their intuition, the vibe they get, etc.
         | 
         | We don't want AI agents that do exactly what we say; we want
         | teams of people with different skill sets who understand the
         | problem and can interpret task through the lens of their skill
         | set and experience, because a single person doesn't have all
         | the answers.
         | 
         | I think your ex-boss Mike will very soon find himself trapped
         | in local minima of innovation, with only his own understanding
         | of the world, and a sycophantic yes-man AI employee that will
         | always do exactly as he says. The fact that AI mostly doesn't
         | work is only part of the problem.
        
       | golol wrote:
       | > To be clear, Amodei didn't cite any research or evidence for
       | that 50% estimate.
       | 
       | I truly belive these types of paper don't deserve to be valued so
       | much.
        
         | righthand wrote:
         | Yes we live in a world where no "experts" are required to
         | provide any evidence or truth, but media outlets will gladly
         | publish every false word and idea. For the same reason these
         | Ceos want to wipe their workforce for more money, not a
         | functioning society.
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | The attention economy is ruining society.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | And the journalist cited what research or evidence, precisely,
         | in his rebuttal?
        
       | idkwhattocallme wrote:
       | I worked at two different $10B+ market cap companies during ZIRP.
       | I recall in most meetings over half of the knowledge workers
       | attending were superfluous. I mean, we hired someone on my team
       | to attend cross functional meetings because our calendars were
       | literally too full to attend. Why could we do that? Because the
       | company was growing and hiring someone to attend meetings wasn't
       | going to hurt the skyrocketing stock. Plus hiring someone gave my
       | VP more headcount and therefore more clout. The market only
       | valued company growth, not efficiency. But the market always
       | capitulates to value (over time). When that happens all those
       | overlay hires will get axed. Both companies have since laid off
       | 10K+. AI was the scapegoat. But really, a lot of the knowledge
       | worker jobs it "replaces" weren't providing real value anyway.
        
         | bachmeier wrote:
         | > I mean, we hired someone on my team to attend cross
         | functional meetings because our calendars were literally too
         | full to attend.
         | 
         | Some managers read Dilbert and think it's intended as advice.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | AI has been also consuming Dilbert as part of its training...
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Worse yet, AI has been consuming Scott Adams quotes as part
             | of its training...
             | 
             | "The reality is that women are treated differently by
             | society for exactly the same reason that children and the
             | mentally handicapped are treated differently. It's just
             | easier this way for everyone. You don't argue with a four-
             | year old about why he shouldn't eat candy for dinner. You
             | don't punch a mentally handicapped guy even if he punches
             | you first. And you don't argue when a women tells you she's
             | only making 80 cents to your dollar. It's the path of least
             | resistance. You save your energy for more important
             | battles." -Scott Adams
             | 
             | "Women define themselves by their relationships and men
             | define themselves by whom they are helping. Women believe
             | value is created by sacrifice. If you are willing to give
             | up your favorite activities to be with her, she will trust
             | you. If being with her is too easy for you, she will not
             | trust you." -Scott Adams
             | 
             | "Nearly half of all Blacks are not OK with White people.
             | That's a hate group." -Scott Adams
             | 
             | "Based on the current way things are going, the best advice
             | I would give to White people is to get the hell away from
             | Black people. Just get the fuck away. Wherever you have to
             | go, just get away. Because there's no fixing this. This
             | can't be fixed." -Scott Adams
             | 
             | "I'm going to back off from being helpful to Black Americas
             | because it doesn't seem like it pays off. ... The only
             | outcome is that I get called a racist." -Scott Adams
        
               | dennis_jeeves2 wrote:
               | >Worse yet
               | 
               | Should have been 'better still'.
        
         | phendrenad2 wrote:
         | To the contrary - they were providing value to the VP who
         | benefitted from inflated headcount. That's "real value", it's
         | just a rogue agent is misaligned with the company's goals.
         | 
         | And AI cannot provide that kind of value. Will a VP in charge
         | of 100 AI agents be respected as much as a VP in charge of 100
         | employees?
         | 
         | At the end of the day, we're all just monkeys throwing bones in
         | the air in front of a monolith we constructed. But we're not
         | going to stop throwing bones in the air!
        
           | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
           | We really oughta work on setting up systems that don't waste
           | time on things like this. Might be hard, but probably would
           | be worth the effort.
        
           | idkwhattocallme wrote:
           | True! I golfed with the president of the division on a Friday
           | (during work) and we got to the root of this. Companies would
           | rather burn money on headcount (counted as R&D) than show
           | profits and pay the govt taxes. When you have 70%+ margin on
           | your software, you have money to burn. Dividends back to
           | shareholders was not rewarded during ZIRP. On VP's being
           | respected. I found at the companies I worked at VPs and their
           | directs were like Nobles in a feudal kingdom constantly
           | quibbling/battling for territory. There were alliances with
           | others and full on takeouts at points. One VP described it as
           | Game of Thrones. Not sure how this all changes when your
           | kingdom is a bunch of AI agents that presumably anyone can
           | operate.
        
             | myko wrote:
             | Not so fun in real life but I kind of like this as a video
             | game concept
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | LGR - Afterlife - PC Game Review
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-azFNwF6fa0
               | 
               | Afterlife (video game)
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlife_(video_game)
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | > Companies would rather burn money on headcount (counted
             | as R&D) than show profits and pay the govt taxes
             | 
             | The data does not support this. The businesses with the
             | highest market caps are the ones with the highest earnings.
             | 
             | https://companiesmarketcap.com/
             | 
             | Sort by # of employees and you get a list of companies with
             | lower market caps.
        
               | versteegen wrote:
               | If you sort by number of employees you get companies
               | where those employees aren't in R&D divisions.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Their comment reads to me as if businesses hire employees
               | (regardless of the work they do, since we are discussing
               | employees that don't do anything) because investors
               | consider employees as R&D (even useless ones).
               | 
               | Either way, there is no data I have seen to suggest
               | market cap correlates with number of employees. The
               | strongest correlation I see is to net income (aka
               | profit), and after that would be growing revenues and/or
               | market share.
        
               | trade2play wrote:
               | Google/Facebooks earnings are so high they can afford to
               | be wildly wasteful with headcount and still be market
               | leaders
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Those two are perfect examples of burning insane amounts
               | of money and still showing profits beyond that... Whole
               | metaverse investment. And all the products that Google
               | has abandoned. Even returning all the payments like
               | Stadia...
        
         | PeterStuer wrote:
         | "Hiring someone gave my VP more headcount and therefore more
         | clout"
         | 
         | Which is the sole reason automation will not make most people
         | obsolete until the VP level themselves are automated.
        
           | dlivingston wrote:
           | No, not if the metric by which VPs get clout changes.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | The more cloud spend the better. Take 10% of it as a bonus?
        
             | monkeyelite wrote:
             | That metric is evaluated deep in the human psyche.
        
             | 0xpgm wrote:
             | It's about to change to doing more with less headcount and
             | higher AI spend
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | Automation is just one form of "face a sufficiently
           | competitive marketplace such that the company can no longer
           | tolerate the dead-weight loss of their egos".
        
         | icedchai wrote:
         | I've worked at smaller companies where half the people in the
         | meetings were just there because they had nothing else to do.
         | Lots of "I'm a fly on the wall" and "I'll be a note taker"
         | types. Most of them contributed nothing.
        
           | xp84 wrote:
           | My friend's company (he was VP of Software & IT at a non-tech
           | company) had a habit of meetings with no particular agenda
           | and no decisions that needed making. Just meeting because it
           | was on the calendar, discussing any random thing someone
           | wanted to blab about. Not how my friend ran his team but that
           | was how the rest did.
           | 
           | Then they had some disappointing results due to their bad
           | decision-making elsewhere in the company, and they turned to
           | my friend and said "Let's lay off some of your guys."
        
             | osigurdson wrote:
             | It is almost like once a company gets rolling, there is
             | sufficient momentum to keep it going even if many layers
             | aren't doing very much. The company becomes a kind of meta-
             | economic zone where nothing really matters. Politics /
             | fights emerge between departments / layers but has nothing
             | to do with making a better product / service. This can go
             | on for decades if the moat is large enough.
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | The first mistake is thinking that contribution must be in
           | the form of output instead of ingestion. Of course meetings
           | aren't often the most efficient form of doing so. More being
           | forced to listen (at least officially) so there isn't an
           | excuse.
        
             | icedchai wrote:
             | This is true, but generally speaking there should be more
             | people "producing" than "ingesting." This is often not the
             | case. Most meetings are useless, and this has become much
             | worse in modern times. Example: agile "scrum" and its daily
             | stand ups, which inevitably turn into status reports.
             | 
             | At some point in the 2000's, every manager decided they
             | needed weekly 1:1's, resulting in even more meetings. Many
             | of these are entirely ineffective. As one boss told me,
             | "I've been told I need to have 1:1's, so I'm having them!"
             | I literally sat next to him and talked every day, but it
             | was a good time to go for coffee...
        
         | disambiguation wrote:
         | > But really, a lot of the knowledge worker jobs it "replaces"
         | weren't providing real value anyway.
         | 
         | I think quotes around "real value" would be appropriate as
         | well. Consider all the great engineering it took to create
         | Netflix, valued at $500b - which achieves what SFTP does for
         | free.
        
           | jsnider3 wrote:
           | Netflix's value comes from being convenient and compatible
           | with the copyright system in a way sharing videos P2P
           | definitely isn't.
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | And their increasingly restrictive usage policies are
             | basically testing how important the 'convenient' piece is.
        
             | disambiguation wrote:
             | I'm not advocating for p2p, but rather drawing attention to
             | the word "value" and what it means to create it. For
             | example, would netflix as a piece of software hold any
             | value if the company were to suddenly lose all its
             | copyrights and IP licenses? Whereas something like an
             | operating system or excel has standalone utility, netflix
             | is only as valuable as its IP. The software isn't designed
             | to create value, but instead to fully utilize the value of
             | a piece of property. It's an important distinction to keep
             | in mind especially when designing such software. Now
             | consider that in the streaming world there isn't just
             | netflix, but prime, Hulu, HBO, etc. Etc.
             | 
             | The parent comment was complaining about certain employees
             | contributions to "real value" or lack thereof. My question
             | is, how do you ascertain the value of work in this context
             | where the software isn't what's valuable but the IP is, and
             | further how do justify working on a product thats already a
             | solved problem and still refer to it as "creating 'real'
             | value"?
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | Just curious, did you put yourself in the superfluous category
         | either time?
        
           | idkwhattocallme wrote:
           | Ultimately (and sadly) yes. While I never habitually or
           | intentionally attended meetings to just look busy, I did work
           | on something I knew had a long shot of creating value for the
           | business. I worked on 0-1 products that if the company was
           | more disciplined would not (or should not) have attempted. I
           | left both on my own accord seeing the writing on the wall.
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | > I worked on 0-1 products that if the company was more
             | disciplined would not (or should not) have attempted.
             | 
             | You said you were at large companies, so this is a hard
             | call to make. A lot of large companies work on lots of
             | small products knowing they probably won't work, but one of
             | them _might_ , so it's still worth it to try. It's
             | essentially the VC model.
        
         | mlsu wrote:
         | I suspect that these "AI layoffs" are really "interest rate"
         | layoffs in disguise.
         | 
         | Software was truly truly insane for a bit there. Straight out
         | of college, no-name CS degree, making $120, $150k (back when
         | $120k really meant $120k)? The music had to stop on that one.
        
           | catigula wrote:
           | That really only happened in HCOL areas.
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | Sure, but there was a massive concentration of such people
             | in those areas.
        
             | bravesoul2 wrote:
             | HCOL wasn't the driver though. It is abundance of
             | investment and desire to hire. If the titans could collude
             | to pay engineer half as much, they would. They tried.
        
           | spamizbad wrote:
           | Yeah, my spiciest take is that Jr. Dev salaries really
           | started getting silly during the 2nd half of the 2010s. It
           | was ultimately supply (too little) and demand (too much)
           | pushing them upward, but it was a huge signal we were in a
           | bubble.
        
             | LPisGood wrote:
             | As someone who entered the workforce just after this, I
             | feel like I missed the peak. A ton if those people got
             | boatloads of money, great stock options, and many years of
             | experience that they can continue to leverage for excellent
             | positions.
        
               | idkwhattocallme wrote:
               | Don't worry, there is always another bubble on the
               | horizon
        
               | trade2play wrote:
               | I joined in 2018.
               | 
               | Honestly it was 10 years too late. The big innovations of
               | the 2010 era were maturing. I've spent my career
               | maintaining and tweaking those, which does next to zero
               | for your career development. It's boring and bloated. On
               | the bright side I've made a lot of money and have no
               | issues getting jobs so far.
        
               | lurking_swe wrote:
               | there's always interesting work out there. It just
               | doesn't always align with ethical values, good salary, or
               | work life balance. There's always a trade off.
               | 
               | For example think of space x, Waymo, parts of US national
               | defense, and the sciences (cancer research, climate
               | science - analyzing satellite images, etc). They are
               | doing novel work that's certainly not boring!
               | 
               | I think you're probably referring to excitement and
               | cutting edge in consumer products? I agree that has been
               | stale for a while.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | I think my career started in 2008? That was a great time
               | to start for the purpose of learning, but a terrible one
               | for compensation. Basically nobody knew what they were
               | doing, and software wasn't the ticket to free money that
               | it became later yet.
        
               | dustingetz wrote:
               | data engineering was free money for nothing at all circa
               | 2014, they got paid about 1.5x a fullstack application
               | developer for .5x the work because frontend/ui work was
               | considered soft, unworthy
        
           | nyarlathotep_ wrote:
           | The irony now is that 120k is basically minimum wage for
           | major metros (and in most cases that excludes home
           | ownership).
           | 
           | Of course, that growth in wages in this sector was a
           | contributing factor to home/rental price increases as the
           | "market" could bear higher prices.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | CoL in London or Dublin is comparable to much of the US,
             | but new grad salaries are in the $30-50k range.
             | 
             | The issue is salary expectations in the US are much higher
             | than those in much of Western Europe despite having similar
             | CoL.
             | 
             | And $120k for a new grad is only a tech specific thing.
             | Even new grad management consultants earn $80-100k base,
             | and lower for other non-software roles and industries.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> but new grad salaries are in the $30-50k range_
               | 
               | But in UK an Ireland they get free healthcare, paid
               | vacation, sick leave and labor protections, no?
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | The labor protections are basically ignored (you will be
               | expected to work off the clock hours in any white collar
               | role), and the free healthcare portion gets paid out of
               | employer's pockets via taxes so it comes out the same as
               | a $70-80k base (and associated taxes) would in much of
               | the US.
               | 
               | There's a reason you don't see new grad hiring in France
               | (where they actually try to enforce work hours), and they
               | have a subsequently high youth unemployment rate.
               | 
               | Though even these new grad roles are at risk to move to
               | CEE, where their administrations are giving massive tax
               | holidays on the tune of $10-20k per employee if you
               | invest enough.
               | 
               | And the skills gap I mentioned about CS in the US exists
               | in Weatern Europe as well. CEE, Israel, and India are the
               | only large tech hubs that still treat CS as an
               | engineering disciple instead of as only a form of applied
               | math.
        
               | 0xpgm wrote:
               | What is the difference between treating CS as an
               | engineering discipline vs a branch of applied math?
        
               | kilpikaarna wrote:
               | (According to this guy apparently) low level vs
               | algorithms focus. CE or CS basically.
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | > The labor protections are basically ignored (you will
               | be expected to work off the clock hours in any white
               | collar role),
               | 
               | I happen to have a sibling in consulting who was seconded
               | from London to New York for a year, doing the same work
               | for the same company, and she found the work hours in NY
               | to be _ludicrously_ long (and not for a significant
               | productivity gain: more required time-at-desk). So there
               | are varying levels of  "expected to work off the clock
               | hours".
        
               | __turbobrew__ wrote:
               | > free healthcare
               | 
               | I pay over 40% effective tax rate. Healthcare is far from
               | free.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | But your health problems won't bankrupt you or make you
               | homeless I presume.
        
               | GoatInGrey wrote:
               | The vast majority of Americans, who carry health
               | insurance, also will not be bankrupted by health
               | problems. Though they will earn far greater amounts of
               | money for their families by working in the US compared to
               | the UK.
        
               | ponector wrote:
               | I've seen recently an open position for senior dev with
               | 60k salary and hybrid 3 days per week in London. Insane!
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | Yep. And costs are truly insane in Greater London. Bay
               | Area level housing prices and Boston level goods prices,
               | but Mississippi or Alabama level salaries.
               | 
               | But that's my point - salaries are factored based on
               | labor market demands and comparative performance of your
               | macroeconomy (UK high finance and law salaries are
               | comparable with the US), not CoL.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > Boston level goods prices
               | 
               | I've never been to Boston. Why are the prices high there?
        
               | zelphirkalt wrote:
               | I mean, seeing an open position does not equal that
               | position ever being filled. It can also likely be a fake
               | position, trying to create the "we are growing and
               | hiring!" impression, or mandated by law to be there, but
               | made artificially worse, because they have someone
               | internally, that they want to move to the position.
        
               | rcpt wrote:
               | Maybe the EU is different but in the US there's no
               | software engineering union. Our wages are purely what the
               | market dictates.
               | 
               | Think they're too high? You're free to start a company
               | and pay less.
        
             | rekenaut wrote:
             | I feel that saying "120k is basically minimum wage for
             | major metros" is absurd. As of 2022, there are only three
             | metro areas in the US that have a per capita income greater
             | than $120,000 [1] (Bay Area and Southwest Connecticut).
             | Anywhere else in the US, 120k is doing pretty well for
             | yourself, compared to the rest of the population. The
             | average American working full time earns $60k [2]. I'm sure
             | it's not a comfortable wage in some places, but "basically
             | minimum wage" just seems ignorant.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_met
             | ropol...
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_Un
             | ited_...
        
               | lamename wrote:
               | I disagree. Your data doesnt make the grandparent's
               | assertion false. Cost of living != per capita or median
               | income. Factoring in sensible retirement, expensive
               | housing, inflation, etc, I think the $120k figure may not
               | be perfect, but is close enough to reality.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Since when "minimum wage" means "sensible retirement" ?
               | 
               | More like it means ending up with government-provided
               | bare minimum handouts to not have you starve (assuming
               | you somehow manage to stay on minimum wage all your
               | life).
        
               | lamename wrote:
               | We agree, minimum wage doesnt mean that. And in a large
               | metro area, that's why $120k is closer to min wage than a
               | good standard of lliving and building retirement.
        
               | tekla wrote:
               | Absolutely absurd. I lived in NYC making well less than
               | that for years and was perfectly comfortable.
               | 
               | The "min wage" of HN seems to be "living better than 98%
               | of everyone else"
        
               | lamename wrote:
               | Adjusted for inflation? Without (crippling) debt accrual
               | and adequate emergency fund, retirement, etc? Did you
               | have children or childcare expenses? These all knock on
               | that total compensation quickly these days, which is the
               | main argument in this particular thread of replies.
        
               | nyarlathotep_ wrote:
               | Correct, I mean in the sense of "living a standard of
               | life that my parents and friends parents (all of very,
               | very modest means) had 20 years ago when I was a
               | teenager."
               | 
               | I mean a real wage associated with standards of living
               | that one took for granted as "normal" when I was young.
        
               | impossiblefork wrote:
               | It actually is basically minimum wage for major metros.
               | 
               | If I took a job for ~100k in Washington, I'd live worse
               | than I did as a PhD student in Sweden. It would basically
               | suck. I'm not sure ~120k would make things that
               | different.
        
               | nyarlathotep_ wrote:
               | Yep exactly. I mean "maintaining a basic material
               | standard of living that even non 'high-earners' had
               | twenty years ago"
               | 
               | The erosion of the standard of living in the US (and the
               | West more broadly) is not something to be ignored in any
               | discussion of wages.
        
             | bravesoul2 wrote:
             | Yeah 120k is the maximum I have earned over 20 years in the
             | industry. I started off circa. 40k maybe that's 70k adj for
             | inflation. Not in US.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | It's always going to be difficult to compare countries.
               | Things like healthcare, housing, childcare, schooling,
               | taxes and literally every single thing are going to
               | differ.
        
               | bravesoul2 wrote:
               | The arbitrage is when you are young and healthy get that
               | US salary and save then retreat home in your 40s and 50s.
               | Stay healthy of course.
        
               | adaptbrian wrote:
               | Lots of tech folks get burnt out without knowing it. If
               | you're tired all the time drastically alter your diet, it
               | could change your life for the better.
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | To what?
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | This is so true. We had a (admittedly derogatory) term we used
         | during the rise in interest rates, "zero interest rate product
         | managers". Don't get me wrong, I think great product managers
         | are worth their weight in gold, but I encountered so many PMs
         | during the ZIRP era who were essentially just Jira-updaters and
         | meeting-schedulers. The vast majority of folks I see that were
         | in tech that are having trouble getting hired now are in people
         | who were in those "adjacent" roles - think agile coaches, TPMs,
         | etc. (but I have a ton of sympathy for these folks - many of
         | them worked hard for years and built their skills - but these
         | roles were always somewhat "optional").
         | 
         | I'd also highlight that beyond over-hiring being responsible
         | for the downturn in tech employment, I think offshoring is
         | _way_ more responsible for the reduction in tech than AI when
         | it comes to US jobs. Video conferencing tech didn 't get really
         | good and ubiquitous (especially for folks working from home)
         | until the late teens, and since then I've seen an explosion of
         | offshore contractors. With so many folks working remotely
         | anyway, what does it matter if your coworker is in the same
         | city or a different continent, as long as there is at least
         | some daily time overlap (which is also why I've seen a ton of
         | offshoring to Latin America and Europe over places like India).
        
           | catigula wrote:
           | Off-shoring is pretty big right now but what shocks me is
           | that when I walk around my company campus I see obscene
           | amounts of people visibly and culturally from, mostly, India
           | and China. The idea that literally massive amounts of this
           | workforce couldn't possibly be filled by domestic grads is
           | pretty hard to engage with. These are low level business and
           | accounting analyst positions.
           | 
           | Both sides of the aisle retreated from domestic labor
           | protection for their own different reasons so the US labor
           | force got clobbered.
        
             | gedy wrote:
             | I was working at a SoCal company a couple years ago (where
             | I'm from), and we had a _lot_ of Chinese and Indian folks.
             | I remember cracking up when one of the Indian fellows
             | pulled me aside and asked me where I was from, because I
             | sounded so different with my accent and lingo. He thought I
             | was from some small European country, lol.
        
               | catigula wrote:
               | Just to note interpersonally I find pretty much any group
               | to be great on average but being a participant of US
               | labor and sympathetic to other US laborers this is
               | clearly not something I can support.
        
               | hluska wrote:
               | You can't support having a good enough relationship with
               | coworkers from outside of your country that you can
               | relate cheerful anecdotes about them?
        
               | tcdent wrote:
               | The language I use being from southern California has, on
               | more than one occasion, sparked conversation about it.
               | 
               | Sorry, dude, it's like, all I know.
        
             | yobbo wrote:
             | > The idea that literally massive amounts of this workforce
             | couldn't possibly be filled by domestic grads
             | 
             | One theory is that the benefit they might be providing over
             | domestic "grads" is lack of prerequisites for promotion
             | above certain levels (language, cultural fit, and so on).
             | For managers, this means the prestige of increased
             | headcount without the various "burdens" of managing
             | "careerists". For example, less plausible competition for
             | career-ladder jobs which can then be reserved for favoured
             | individuals. Just a theory.
        
               | boredatoms wrote:
               | I think that would backfire as the intrinsic culture of
               | the company changes as it absorbs more people. Verticals
               | would form from new hires who did manage to get promoted
        
               | catigula wrote:
               | It's also not correct to view people as atomized
               | individuals. People band together on shared culture and
               | oftentimes ethnicity.
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | Which is exactly what has happened. Anyone in the
               | industry for 15 years can easily see this.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
               | I will admit that this is the most plausible explanation
               | of this phenomenon that explains the benefit to managers
               | I have read on this issue so far.
        
               | catigula wrote:
               | Putting aside economic incentives, which the wealthy were
               | eager to reap, the vast majority of the technical labor
               | force in this country came and still comes from (outside
               | of SF) a specific race and we have huge incentives that
               | literally everyone reading this has brushed up against,
               | whether in support or against, to alter that racial
               | makeup.
               | 
               | Obviously the only real solution to creating an
               | artificial labor shortage is looking externally from the
               | existing labor force. Simply randomly hiring underserved
               | groups didn't really make sense because they weren't
               | participants.
               | 
               | Where I work, we have two main goals when I'm involved in
               | the technical hiring process: hire the cheapest labor and
               | try to increase diversity. I'm not necessarily against
               | either, but those are our goals.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Careerists: What does this term mean?
        
               | TexanFeller wrote:
               | People more concerned about getting a promotion than they
               | are taking pride in doing quality work that makes a
               | difference. Corporate rubrics for promotion have little
               | to do with doing great work and careerists focus heavily
               | on playing these stupid games set up by HR execs.
        
             | ajmurmann wrote:
             | I am VERY pro-immigration. I do have concerns about the H1B
             | program though. IMO it's not great for both immigrant
             | workers, as well as non-immigrant workers because it
             | creates a class of workers for whom it's harder to change
             | employers which weakens their negotiation position. If this
             | is the case for enough of the workforce it artificially
             | depresses wages for everyone. I want to see a reform that
             | makes it much easier for H1B workers to change employers.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | amen! that will never happen though, nothing ever happens
               | here that helps the workers and whatever rights we have
               | now are slowly dwindling (immigrants or otherwise...)
        
               | andrekandre wrote:
               | > nothing ever happens here that helps the workers and
               | whatever rights we have now are slowly dwindling
               | 
               | its almost as if we need a 'workers party' or
               | something... though i'd imagine first-past-the-post in
               | the u.s makes that difficult.
        
               | catigula wrote:
               | I want to use you as a bit of a sounding board, so don't
               | take this as negative feedback.
               | 
               | The problem is that the left, which was historically pro-
               | labor, abdicated this position for racial reasons, and
               | the right was always about maximizing the economic zone.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | Employment-based immigration policy just isn't
               | controversial outside of very specific bubbles. Everyone
               | who's considered the problem seriously, left and right,
               | realizes that the H1B system is bad a point-based system
               | is the way to go, which is why it's been part of every
               | immigration reform proposal for over a decade with
               | essentially no controversy. If this were the only aspect
               | of immigration issues, or if people felt it was important
               | enough to pull it out of broad immigration reform, it
               | would pass in a heartbeat.
        
               | catigula wrote:
               | My understanding is that Bernie Sanders used to say that
               | mass immigration was a "Koch brothers thing" and his tune
               | on this has since changed to align with "progressive"
               | ideas, but I might be mistaken.
               | 
               | I already know that the right-wing supports h1bs, Trump
               | himself said so.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | Even in his most immigration-skeptical era
               | (https://www.computerworld.com/article/1367869/bernie-
               | sanders...), Sanders always acknowledged that some
               | companies genuinely need a skilled immigration program to
               | hire the global best and brightest. And note his line
               | about "offshore outsourcing companies"; the issue's
               | become even less controversial now that the balance of
               | H1B sponsors is shifting towards large American tech
               | companies who genuinely pay market rate.
        
               | catigula wrote:
               | I don't really think that is what's being discussed here.
               | 
               | Even literal Nazis were exempted from immigration
               | controls on the basis of extreme merit.
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | What if tech roles at big tech roles actually paid more
               | like the same prestigious firms in finance in nyc?
               | 
               | People in tech are so quick to shoot themselves in the
               | foot.
        
               | fijiaarone wrote:
               | The job of the high paid people in finance at prestigious
               | firms is to look nice in an expensive suit. Know many
               | people in tech with those qualifications?
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | I'd be good at it but I won't get hired cause I didn't go
               | to the right boarding school.
               | 
               | Tech has its barriers too. Most people I've met in tech
               | come from relatively rich families. (Families where
               | spending $70k+/yr on college is not a major concern for
               | multiple kids - that's not normal middle class at all
               | even for the US)
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | Not sure what you're aiming to get out of this
               | comparison. Software engineers make quite a bit more at
               | prestigious tech companies than they do at prestigious
               | finance firms in NYC, and prestigious finance firms in
               | NYC extensively recruit people from outside the US. Even
               | if you want to compare engineers in tech to bankers in
               | finance, I'm not sure Goldman is paying all that much
               | better than OpenAI these days.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Why do people think Goldman pays software developers so
               | well? They do not. They pay whatever is required compared
               | to their competition (mostly other ibanks). There is a
               | _tiny_ sliver (less than 5%) of the dev staff who work in
               | front office and are called  "Strats". (Some other banks
               | have "Strats" [Morgan?] or put you into a quant team to
               | pay you more [JPM/UBS/etc].) They make about 25-50% more
               | money compared to vanilla software devs in the IT
               | division.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Regarding the first sentence, it is already true for
               | software developers. You can (and probably will) make
               | more money at FAANG compared to global ibanks in NYC.
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | He recently addressed Congress and brought up the abuse
               | of H1B such as for entry level accounting positions. The
               | program was to meet shortages for highly skilled
               | positions. Now its being abused to cheat new grads out of
               | jobs and depress wages
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | >Trump himself said so
               | 
               | TACO Trump himself said he'd reveal his health care plan
               | in two weeks, many many years ago, many many times. But
               | then he chickened out again and again and again and again
               | and again. So that the buk buk buk are you talking about?
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Japan will let everyone that can get a job in (and is
               | willing to do the immigration process for them). This
               | seems like a perfectly fair way to do things. If you
               | don't have a job, and can't find a new one in 3-6 months,
               | you have to leave again.
               | 
               | Don't understand why other countries make it harder.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Can you give more details here? I don't fully understand
               | your post.
        
               | tjpnz wrote:
               | Japan (the country) doesn't do this. You still need a
               | company to sponsor you and not every company can.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | Switzerland is the same. By far the best implemented
               | immigration policies in whole Europe, if only Germany and
               | France egos would step down a notch, acknowledge their
               | mistakes and take an inspiration from clearly way more
               | successful neighbour. They have 3x more immigration than
               | next country and it just works, long term.
               | 
               | EU would flourish economically and there would be no room
               | for ultra conservative right to gain any real foothold
               | (which is 95% just failed immigration topic just like
               | Brexit was).
               | 
               | Alas, we are where we are, they slowly backpedal but its
               | too little too late, as usually. I blame Merkel for half
               | of EU woes, she really was a horrible leader of otherwise
               | very powerful nation made much weaker and less resilient
               | due to her flawed policies and lack of grokking where
               | world is heading to.
               | 
               | Btw she _still_ acknowledges nothing and keeps thinking
               | how great she was. Also a nuclear physicist who turned
               | off all existing nuclear plants too early so Germany has
               | to import massive amount of electricity from coal burning
               | plants. You can 't make it up.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Does Switzerland not take any refugees?
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | Yes, some, but those are very different from economical
               | migrants and their numbers compared to those migrants are
               | small
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | I saw a report recently about the political left in
               | Denmark, who are basically one of the the only
               | progressive movements in countries that understood what
               | it takes to maintain support, and hence Denmark has had
               | much less of a rise in support for far right parties than
               | other countries in the world. Here's an article,
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/24/magazine/denmark-
               | immigrat....
               | 
               | Basically, progressives in Denmark have argued for very
               | strict immigration rules, the essential argument being
               | that Denmark has an expensive social welfare state, and
               | to get the populace to support the high taxes needed to
               | pay for this, you can't just let anyone in who shows up
               | on your doorstep.
               | 
               | The American left could learn a ton of lessons from this.
               | I may loath Greg Abbott for lots of reasons, but I
               | largely support what he did bussing migrants to NYC and
               | other liberal cities. Many people in these cities wanted
               | to bask in the feelings of moral superiority by being
               | "sanctuary cities", but public sentiment changed
               | drastically when they actually had to start bearing a
               | large portion of the cost of a flood of migrants.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Is there a reason social benefits must be available to
               | immigrants? It seems like those could result be tied to
               | citizenship or something like a minimum amount of
               | lifetime taxes someone most have paid.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | I think the problems are more complex and much harder to
               | fix and more depressing. The actual policies by the
               | Democratic party have been "pro-worker". Biden was
               | strongly pro-union. I am hard pressed to think of any
               | policy by the Biden administration that was focused on
               | racial issues. However, it seems like the perception of
               | the Democratic party is largely mixed in with leftists
               | who don't even like the party.
               | 
               | I think the real problem is that the median voter is
               | either unable to, has no time to or no interest to
               | understand basic economics and second-order consequences.
               | We see this on both sides of the aisle. Policies like
               | caps on credit card interest rates, rent control or no
               | tax on tips are very, very popular while also being
               | obviously bad after thinking about it for just 1 minute.
               | 
               | This is compounded by there being relatively little
               | discussion of policies like that. They get reported on
               | but not discussed and analyzed. This takes us back to
               | your point about the perception of the Democratic party.
               | The media (probably because the median voter prefers it)
               | will instead discuss issues that are more emotionally
               | relatable, like the border being "overwhelmed", trans
               | athletes, etc. which makes it less likely to get people
               | to think about economic policy.
               | 
               | This causes a preference for simple policies that seem to
               | aim straight for the goal. Rent too high? Prohibit higher
               | rent! Credit card fees too high? Prohibit high fees!
               | Immigrants lower wages? Have fewer immigrant!
               | 
               | Telling the median voter that H1-B visa holders are
               | lowering wages due to the high friction of changing
               | sponsors and that the solution is to loosen the visa
               | restrictions is gonna go over well with much of the
               | electorate. Even only the portion of initial problem
               | statement will likely reach most voters in the form of
               | "H1-B visas lower wages". Someone who will simply take
               | that simplified issue and run with cutting down further
               | on immigration will be much more likely to succeed with
               | how public opinion is currently formed.
               | 
               | All this stuff is why I love learning about policy and
               | absolutely loath politics.
        
               | DenisM wrote:
               | I've read some analysis than many swing voters supported
               | Trump because they were unhappy with the economic
               | situation, not due to culture wars. In their minds, and
               | words, Trump may change at least something while
               | democrats will certainly change nothing. Whatever pro-
               | labor policies Biden had they didn't move the needle.
               | 
               | What do you think of that?
        
               | c0redump wrote:
               | I mostly agree with you, but i think there's something
               | you got wrong. The democrat establishment didn't abdicate
               | their pro-labor position for reasons of racial equity-
               | this was only ever a cover story.
               | 
               | The real reason is that they are totally beholden to
               | powerful business interests that benefit from mass
               | immigration, and the ensuing suppression of American
               | labor movements. The racial equity bit is just the line
               | that they feed to their voters.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | I agree with all of that. I've seen employers treat
               | workers with H1B visas as slaves, basically. Local
               | employees had a pretty decent work-life balance, but H1B
               | employees got calls at 8PM on a Friday night to add a
               | feature. And why not? What were they going to do quit
               | (and have, what is it, something like 48 hours to get out
               | of the country)?
               | 
               | I felt enormous sympathy for my coworkers here with that
               | visa. Their lives sucked because there was little
               | downside for sociopathic managers to make them suck.
               | 
               | Most frustrating was when they were doing the same kind
               | of work I was doing, like writing Python web services and
               | whatnot. We absolutely _could_ hire local employees to do
               | those things. They weren 't building quantum computers or
               | something. Crappy employers gamed the system to get
               | below-market-rate-salary employees and work them like
               | rented mules. It was infuriating.
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | It sucks that people are treated that way.
               | 
               | While working at Google I worked with many many amazing
               | H1B (and other kinds) visa holders. I did 3 interviews a
               | week, sat on hiring committees (reading 10-15 packets a
               | week) and had a pretty good gauge of what we could find.
               | 
               | There was just no way I could see that we could replace
               | these people with Americans. And they got paid top dollar
               | and had the same wlb as everyone else (you could not
               | generally tell what someone's status was).
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | I fully, completely support the idea of visa programs
               | running like that. If you want to pay top dollar for
               | someone with unique skills to move here and help build
               | our economy, I am fully behind this.
               | 
               | But wanna use it as a way to undercut American jobs with
               | 80-hour-a-week laborers, as I've personally witnessed?
               | Nah.
               | 
               | My criticisms against the H1B program are completely
               | against the companies who abuse it. By all means, please
               | do use it to bring in world-class scientists,
               | researchers, and engineers!
        
               | guestbest wrote:
               | If the foreign candidates were so much superior than
               | locally born candidates as you explained, why not just
               | open a campus in that country and thus save the best
               | employees from having to uproot from their native
               | culture?
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | Good question. In many cases they did. The Zurich office
               | has people from all over Europe.
               | 
               | But, for existing teams they wanted (reasonably) to avoid
               | splitting between locations. So you need someone local.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | I think the real reason for hiring locally is both that
               | communication works better, and that the higher ups don't
               | want to give the impression that their jobs could also be
               | outsourced.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | Time zones can be a real issue even with remote work.
               | There are of course also arguments for in-person
               | collaboration.
        
               | c0redump wrote:
               | This was true up until pretty recently. CS has come to be
               | seen as a "prestigious" degree, and SWE as a
               | "prestigious" career. Lots of kids who, 10 years ago,
               | would have studied law, medicine, finance, or hard
               | sciences, are studying CS. At my alma mater, CS is the
               | largest major by a huge margin. The result of all this is
               | there is a massive supply of smart and capable American
               | citizens with formal training trying to break in to the
               | job market, with limited success, due in no small part to
               | the labor oversupply caused by immigration.
               | 
               | https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jamesfobrien_tech-jobs-
               | have-d...
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | In context of tech, H1B is great for the money people in
               | the US and India. It suppresses wages in both countries
               | and is a powerful plum for employee "loyalty". There's a
               | whole industry of companies stoking the pipeline of cheap
               | labor and corrupting the hiring process.
               | 
               | In big dollar markets, the program is used more for
               | special skills. But when a big bank or government
               | contractor needs marginally skilled people onshore, they
               | open an office in Nowhere, Arizona, and have a hard time
               | finding J2EE developers. So some company from New Jersey
               | will appear and provide a steady stream of workers making
               | $25/hr.
               | 
               | The calculus is that more H1=less offshore.
               | 
               | The smart move would be to just let skilled workers from
               | India, China, etc with a visa that doesn't tie them to an
               | employer. That would end the abusive labor practices and
               | probably reduce the number of lower end workers or the
               | incentive to deny entry level employment to US nationals.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | How does H1B suppress wages in India?
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | All those people skilled enough to get hired in the US
               | (for massive increase in wages) don't try to get similar
               | positions in India, thus, nobody has to compete to pay
               | for them.
        
               | antithesizer wrote:
               | Because it surpresses wages in the US, so Indian
               | employers do not need to offer as much compensation to
               | keep local workers who are considering emigrating.
        
               | senderista wrote:
               | H1-B also makes CS masters programs a cash cow for US
               | schools.
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | I mean, aren't 3 out of 8 humans from India or China? If
             | the company is big enough to appeal to a global applicant
             | pool its a bit expected.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | It's presumably (from context) a company campus in the US
               | that they're taking about. I wouldn't expect 3 of 8
               | legally authorized to work in the US people to be Chinese
               | or Indian combined.
               | 
               | Other than a few international visitors, I'd expect the
               | makeup to look like the domestic tech worker demographics
               | rather than like the global population demographics.
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | Also, anyone who has worked in these companies also know
               | it's much larger than 3 out of 8... comical to act like
               | it's only 3/8.
        
               | senderista wrote:
               | I estimate AWS engineering is maybe 80% Indian and
               | another 10% Chinese. Less at higher levels though.
        
               | bradlys wrote:
               | It always blows my mind that 75% of H1B admittance is
               | Indian. Then you live in SFBA for 10 years and it's not
               | really a surprise anymore.
        
               | c0redump wrote:
               | Certain suburbs of Seattle (Redmond, bothell) are pretty
               | much entirely Indian
        
               | apex3stoker wrote:
               | I think most software companies hire from computer
               | science graduates from US colleges. It's likely that
               | international students makes up a large percentage of
               | these graduates.
        
             | therealpygon wrote:
             | My opinion is that off-shore teams are also going to be
             | some of the jobs more easily replaced, because many of
             | these are highly standardized with instructions due to the
             | turnover they have. I wouldn't be surprised if these
             | outsourcing companies are already working toward that end.
             | They are definitely automating and/or able to collect
             | significant training data from the various tools they
             | require their employees to use for customers.
        
             | underlipton wrote:
             | We all get 5 conspiracy theories before we advance from
             | "understandably suspicious, given the complexity of the
             | modern world" to "reliable tinfoil purchasers", and one of
             | mine is that the prevalence of Indian execs and, to a
             | lesser extent, Indian and Chinese workers in tech is a
             | backdoor concession to countries who could open a
             | demographic can of whoop-ass on us if they really wanted
             | to. We let them bleed off the ambitious intellectuals who
             | could become a political issue for their elite, and ours
             | get convenient scapegoats for why businesses can't hire,
             | train, and pay domestic workers well. As far as top men are
             | concerned, it's a good deal.
             | 
             | Nadella ascending to the leadership of Micro"I Can't
             | Believe It's Not Considered A State-Sponsored Defense
             | Corp"soft is what got my mildly xenophobic (sorry) gears
             | turning.
        
               | hluska wrote:
               | Edited:
               | 
               | Actually disregard, this isn't worth it, but I don't
               | grant any freebies.
        
               | underlipton wrote:
               | Well, now I'm curious.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | > The idea that literally massive amounts of this workforce
             | couldn't possibly be filled by domestic grads is pretty
             | hard to engage with.
             | 
             | I hear this argument where I live for various reasons, but
             | surely it only ever comes down to wages and/or conditions?
             | 
             | If the company paid a competitive rate (ie higher), locals
             | would apply. Surely blaming a lack of local interest is
             | rarely going to be due to anything other than pay or
             | conditions?
        
               | catigula wrote:
               | The company having access to the global labor force is
               | the problem we're explicitly discussing. This isn't seen
               | as something desirable by US workers.
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | I was born in NC, and I mostly have experienced the large
               | amount of immigration as a positive. Most of the people I
               | grew up were virulently anti-intellectuals, mocking math
               | and science learning, and most of them have gone on to be
               | realtors and business folks, bankers even. All the people
               | I've met from China or South Asia (the two demographics I
               | work most closely worth) value learning and science and
               | math - not as some "lets have STEM summer camps" but when
               | they meet some new 8 year old will ask them to solve some
               | math problems (like precisely 1 of my kids' dozens of
               | relatives).
               | 
               | I enjoy meeting the very smart people from all sorts of
               | backgrounds - they share the values of education and hard
               | work that my parents emphasized, and they have an
               | appreciation for what we enjoy as software engineers; US
               | born folks tend to have a bit of entitlement, and want
               | success without hard work.
               | 
               | I interview a fair number of people, and truly first rate
               | minds are a limited resource - there's just so many in
               | each city (and not everyone will want to or be able to
               | move for a career). Even with "off-shoring" one finds
               | after hiring in a given city for a while, it gets harder,
               | and the efficient thing to do is to open a branch in a
               | new city.
               | 
               | I don't know, perhaps the realtors from my class get more
               | money than many scientists or engineers, and certainly
               | more than my peers in India (whose salaries have gone
               | from 10% of mine to about 40% of mine in the past decade
               | or two), but the point is the real love of solving novel
               | problems - in an industry where success leads to many
               | novel problems.
               | 
               | Hard work, interesting problems, and building things that
               | actual people use - these are the core value prop for
               | software engineering as a career; the money is pretty new
               | and not the core; finding people who share that
               | perspective is priceless. Enough money to provide a good
               | start to your children and help your family is good, but
               | never the heart of the matter.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Any immigrants should read these threads carefully. If
             | you're pro-union you're going to get screwed by your fellow
             | man. Don't empower a union unless you want to be kicked out
             | of the country.
             | 
             | According to these people, politicians like you here and
             | labour doesn't. If that's true, do you want to empower
             | labour to kick you out?
        
               | VonTum wrote:
               | What a weird crabs-in-a-bucket argument against unions.
               | "Don't empower yourself and the rest of your colleagues
               | because they might get powerful enough to kick you out"?
               | 
               | The whole reason H1Bs were invented is to disempower the
               | existing workforce. Not reaching for a (long overdue)
               | tool of power for tech workers is playing right into
               | their hand.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | The colleagues are all screaming to kick you out. Someone
               | would have to be mentally differently abled to want to
               | lend their voice to the chorus of people asking to kick
               | them out.
               | 
               | You can call it what you want to legitimize it but these
               | people want immigrants out and empowering them means
               | immigrants get kicked out.
               | 
               | If you want to get kicked out as an immigrant definitely
               | support them.
        
               | catigula wrote:
               | The funny thing is that you're not wrong and this is yet
               | another feather in the cap of "foreign labor are literal
               | scabs" argument.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | The history of unions and the past of the AFLCIO is
               | filled with successful lobbying to prevent immigrants
               | from becoming American. They're not going to stop
               | suddenly today.
               | 
               | Knowing one's enemy is key to fighting them.
        
             | spoaceman7777 wrote:
             | It's also worth noting that it's almost entirely native
             | born Americans that are pushing back against nepotism.
             | Extreme nepotism is still the norm (an expectation even) in
             | most South and East Asian cultures. And it's quite readily
             | acknowledged if you speak to newer hires who haven't
             | realized yet that it is best kept quiet.
             | 
             | It's a hard truth for many Americans to swallow, but it is
             | the truth nonetheless.
             | 
             | Not to say there isn't an incredible amount of merit... but
             | the historical impact of rampant nepotism in the US is
             | widely acknowledged, and this newer manifestation should be
             | acknowledged just the same.
        
           | icedchai wrote:
           | I worked at a small company with more PMs than developers. It
           | was incredible how much bull it created.
        
           | boogieknite wrote:
           | first job out of college i was one of these pms. luckily i
           | figured it out quickly and would spend maybe 2 hours a day
           | working, 6 hours a day teaching myself to program. i cant
           | believe that job existed and they gave it to me. one of my
           | teammates was moved to HR and he was distraught over how he
           | actually had work to do
        
           | adamtaylor_13 wrote:
           | I'm realizing that 100% of all product managers I have ever
           | worked with were just ZIRP-PMs.
           | 
           | I have never once worked with a product manager who I could
           | describe as "worth their weight in gold".
           | 
           | Not saying they don't exist, but they're probably even rarer
           | than you think.
        
           | aswegs8 wrote:
           | How are TPMs optional? In my experience they provide more
           | value than PMs that don't understand technology.
        
           | cavisne wrote:
           | My theory for these PM's is its basically a cheap way to take
           | potential entrepreneurs off the market. Its hard to predict
           | if a startup will succeed but one genre of success is having
           | a Type A "fake it till you make it" non technical cofounder
           | who can keep raising long enough to get product market fit.
           | 
           | These types all go to the same schools and do really well,
           | interview the same, and value the prestige of working in big
           | tech. So it's pretty easy to identify them and offer them a
           | great career path and take them off the market.
           | 
           | Technical founders are way trickier to identify as they can
           | be dropouts, interview poorly, not value the prestige etc.
        
         | lukev wrote:
         | Whenever I think about AI and labor, I can't help thinking
         | about David Graeber's [Bullshit
         | Jobs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullshit_Jobs).
         | 
         | And there's multiple confounding factors at play.
         | 
         | Yes, lots of jobs are bullshit, so maybe AI is a plausible
         | excuse to downside and gain efficiency.
         | 
         | But also the dynamic that causes the existence of bullshit jobs
         | hasn't gone away. In fact, assuming AI does actually provide
         | meaningful automation or productivity improvemenet, it might
         | well be the case that the ratio of bullshit jobs _increases_.
        
           | alvah wrote:
           | Exactly. For as long as I can remember, in any organisation
           | of any reasonable size I have worked in, you could get rid of
           | the ~50% of the headcount who aren't doing anything
           | productive without any noticeable adverse effects (on the
           | business at least, obviously the effects on the individuals
           | would be somewhat adverse). This being the case, there are
           | obviously many other factors other than pure efficiency
           | keeping people employed, so why would an AI revolution on
           | it's own create some kind of massive Schumpeterian shockwave?
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | People keep tossing around this 50% figure like it's a
             | fact, but do you really think these companies just have
             | half their staff just not doing anything? It just seems
             | absurd, and I honestly don't believe it.
             | 
             | Everywhere I've ever worked, we had 3-4X more work to do
             | than staff to do it. It was always a brutal prioritization
             | problem, and a lot of good projects just didn't get done
             | because they ended up below the cut line, and we just
             | didn't have enough people to do them.
             | 
             | I don't know where all these companies are that have half
             | their staff "not doing anything productive" but I've never
             | worked at one.
             | 
             | What's more likely? 1. Companies are (for reasons unknown)
             | hiring all these people and not having them do anything
             | useful, or 2. These people actually do useful things, but
             | HN commenters don't understand those jobs and simply
             | conclude they're doing nothing?
        
               | trade2play wrote:
               | All of the big software companies are like the parent
               | describes, in most of their divisions.
               | 
               | Managers always want more headcount. Bigger teams. Bigger
               | scope. Promotions. Executives have similar incentives or
               | don't care. That's the reason why they're bloated.
        
               | alvah wrote:
               | Have you heard of Twitter? 80-90% reduction in numbers,
               | visible effects to the user (resulting from the headcount
               | cuts, not the politics of the owner)? Pretty much zero.
        
               | hnaccount_rng wrote:
               | That's a difficult example. I don't think anyone would
               | reasonably expect the engineering artifact twitter.com to
               | break. But the business artifact did break. At least to a
               | reasonable degree. The Ad revenue is still down (both
               | business news and the ads I'm experiencing are from less
               | well resourced brands). And yes, that has to do with
               | "answering emails with poop emojis" and "laying off
               | content checkers"
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | Bad part is all those guys attending meetings start feeling
         | important. They start feeling like they are doing the job.
         | 
         | I've seen those guys it is painful to watch.
        
         | JSR_FDED wrote:
         | I don't doubt there's a lot of knowledge workers who aren't
         | adding value.
         | 
         | I'm worried about the shrinking number of opportunities for
         | juniors.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | I agree with this, but I still think that offshoring is much
           | more responsible for this than AI.
           | 
           | I have _definitely_ seen real world examples where adding
           | junior hires at ~$100k+ is being completely forgone when you
           | can get equivalent output from someone making $40k offshore.
        
         | matthest wrote:
         | Does anyone else think the fact that companies hire superfluous
         | employees (i.e. bullshit jobs) is actually fantastic?
         | 
         | Because they don't _have_ to do that. They could just operate
         | at max efficiency all the time.
         | 
         | Instead, they spread the wealth a bit by having bullshit jobs,
         | even if the existence of these jobs is dependent on the market
         | cycle.
        
           | nyarlathotep_ wrote:
           | > Does anyone else think the fact that companies hire
           | superfluous employees (i.e. bullshit jobs) is actually
           | fantastic?
           | 
           | I do.
           | 
           | It's much more important that people live a dignified life
           | and be able to feed their families than "increasing
           | shareholder value" or whatever.
           | 
           | I'm a person that would be hypothetically supportive of
           | something like DOGE cuts, but I'd rather have people earning
           | a living even with Soviet-style make work jobs than
           | unemployed. I don't desire to live in a cutthroat
           | "competitive" society where only "talent" can live a
           | dignified life. I don't know if that's "wealth distribution"
           | or socialism or whatever; I don't really care, nor make claim
           | it's some airtight political philosophy.
        
             | leflambeur wrote:
             | tech bros think not only that that system is good, but that
             | they'd be the winners
        
             | andrekandre wrote:
             | > It's much more important that people live a dignified
             | life and be able to feed their families than "increasing
             | shareholder value" or whatever.
             | 
             | its just my intuition, but talking to many people around
             | me, i get the feeling like this is why people on both
             | "left" and "right" are in a lot of ways (for lack of a
             | better word) irate at the system as a whole... if thats
             | true, i doubt ai will improve the situation for either...
        
         | 827a wrote:
         | Half of everyone at most large companies could be retired with
         | no significant impact to the company's ability to generate
         | revenue. The problem has always been figuring out which half.
        
         | daxfohl wrote:
         | Agree, but two questions:
         | 
         | First, is AI really a better scapegoat? "Reducing headcount due
         | to end of ZIRP" maybe doesn't sound great, but "replacing
         | employees with AI" sounds a whole lot worse from a PR
         | perspective (to me anyway).
         | 
         | Second, are companies actually using AI as the scapegoat? I
         | haven't followed it too closely, but I could imagine that
         | layoffs don't say anything about AI at all, and it's mostly
         | media and FUD inventing the correlation.
        
           | ledauphin wrote:
           | the one does actually sound worse because... it's actually
           | worse. it clarifies that the companies themselves were
           | playing games with people's livelihoods because of the
           | potential for profit.
           | 
           | whereas "AI" is intuitively an external force; it's much
           | harder to assign blame to company leadership.
        
             | daxfohl wrote:
             | I'd read the first as adjusting to market demand, not
             | playing with people's lives. If if were construed as
             | playing with lives, that could apply to basically any
             | investment.
        
           | leflambeur wrote:
           | isn't the scapegoat he or she who gets sacrificed? I think
           | engineers are that
        
         | __turbobrew__ wrote:
         | Turns out 50% of white collar jobs are just daycare for adults.
        
         | ivape wrote:
         | I've said this many times, that the abundance and wealth of the
         | tech industry basically provided vast amounts of Universal
         | Basic Income to a variety of roles (all of agile is _one_
         | example). We 're at a critical moment where we actually have to
         | look at cost-cutting on this UBI.
        
         | federiconafria wrote:
         | "my VP more headcount and therefore more clout"
         | 
         | This had me thinking, how are they going to get "clout", by
         | comparing AI spending?
        
       | paulluuk wrote:
       | Around the time when bitcoin started to get serious public
       | attention, late 2017, I remember feeling super hyped about it and
       | yet everyone told me that money spent on bitcoin was wasted
       | money. I really believed that bitcoin, or at least cryptocurrency
       | as a whole, would fundamentally change how banking and currencies
       | would work. Now, almost 10 years later, I would say that it did
       | not live up to my believe that it would "fundamentally" change
       | currencies and banking. It made some minor changes, sure, but if
       | it weren't for the value of bitcoin, it would still be a nerdy
       | topic about as well known as perlin noise. Although I did make
       | quite a lot of money from it, though I sold out way too soon.
       | 
       | As a research engineer in the field of AI, I am again getting
       | this feeling. People keep doubting that AI will have any kind of
       | impact, and I'm absolutely certain that it will. A few years ago
       | people said "AI art is terrible" and "LLMs are just autocomplete"
       | or the famous "AI is just if-else". By now it should be pretty
       | obvious to everyone in the tech community that AI, and LLMs in
       | particular, are extremely useful and already have a huge impact
       | on tech.
       | 
       | Is it going to fulfill all the promises made by billionaire tech
       | CEOs? No, of course not, at least not on the time scale that
       | they're projecting. But they are incredibly useful tools that can
       | enhance efficiency of almost any job that involves setting behind
       | a computer. Even just something like copilot autocomplete or
       | talking with an LLM about a refactor you're planning, is often
       | incredibly useful. And the amount of "intelligence" that you can
       | get from a model that can actually run on your laptop is also
       | getting much better very quickly.
       | 
       | The way I see it, either the AI hype will end up like
       | cryptocurrency: forever a part of our world, but never quite
       | lived up to it's promises, but I made a lot of money in the
       | meantime. Or the AI hype will live up to it's promises, but
       | likely over a much longer period of time, and we'll have to test
       | whether we can live with that. Personally I'm all for a fully
       | automated luxury communism model for government, but I don't see
       | that happening in the "better dead than red" US. It might become
       | reality in Europe though, who knows.
        
         | paulluuk wrote:
         | On a side note, I do worry about the energy consumption of AI.
         | I'll admit that, like the silicon valley tech bros, there is a
         | part of me that hopes that AI will allow researchers to invent
         | a solution to that -- something like fusion or switching to
         | quantum-computing AI models or whatever. But if that doesn't
         | happen, it's probably the biggest problem related to AI. More
         | so even than alignment, perhaps.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | > already have a huge impact on tech
         | 
         | As a user, I haven't seen a huge impact yet on the tech I use.
         | I'm curious what the coming years will bring, though.
        
         | jollyllama wrote:
         | Crypto is a really interesting point, because even the subset
         | of people who have invested in it don't use it on a day to day
         | basis. The entire valuation is based on speculative use cases.
        
         | surgical_fire wrote:
         | Something can be useful and massively overhyped at the same
         | time.
         | 
         | LLMs are good productivity tools. I've been using it for
         | coding, and it is massively helpful, really speeds things up.
         | There's a few asterisks there though
         | 
         | 1) I does generate bullshit, and this is an unavoidable part of
         | what LLMs are. The ratio of bullshit seems to come down with
         | reasoning layers above it, but they will always be there.
         | 
         | 2) LLMs, for obvious reasons, tend to be more useful the more
         | mainstream languages and libraries I am working with. The more
         | obscure it is, the less useful it gets. It may have a chilling
         | effect on technological advancement - new improved things are
         | less used because LLMs are bad at them due to lack of available
         | material, the new things shrivel and die on the vine without
         | having a chance of organic growth.
         | 
         | 3) The economics of it are super unclear. With the massive hype
         | there's a lot of money slushing around AI, but those models
         | seem obscenely expensive to create and even to run. It is very
         | unclear how things will be when the appetite of losing money at
         | this wanes.
         | 
         | All that said, AI is multiple breakthroughs away of replacing
         | humans, which does not mean they are not useful assistants. And
         | increase in productivity can lead to lower demand for labor,
         | which leads ro higher unemployment. Even modest unemployment
         | rates can have grim societal effects.
         | 
         | The world is always ending anyway.
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | > By now it should be pretty obvious to everyone in the tech
         | community that AI, and LLMs in particular, are extremely useful
         | and already have a huge impact on tech.
         | 
         | Enough to cause the next financial crash, achieving a steady
         | increase of 10% global unemployment in the next decade at
         | worst,
         | 
         | That is the _true_ definition of AGI.
        
         | kayamon wrote:
         | Bitcoin was $2000 dollars each in 2017. Now in 2025 it's
         | $104,000. It's set to keep countering global inflation until
         | 2140.
         | 
         | It ain't done yet.
        
       | fny wrote:
       | I think everyone is missing the bigger picture.
       | 
       | This is not a matter of whether AI will replace humans whole
       | sale. There are two more predominant effects:
       | 
       | 1. You'll need fewer humans to do the same task. In other forms
       | of automation, this has led to a decrease in employment. 2. The
       | supply of capable humans increases dramatically. 3. Expertise is
       | no longer a perfect moat.
       | 
       | I've seen 2. My sister nearly flunked a coding class in college,
       | but now she's writing small apps for her IT company.
       | 
       | And for all of you who poo poo that as unsustainable. I became
       | proficient in Rust in a week, and I picked up Svelte in a day.
       | I've written a few shaders too! The code I've written is
       | pristine. All those conversations about "should I learn X to be
       | employed" are totally moot. Yes APL would be harder, but it's
       | definitely doable. This is an example of 3.
       | 
       | Overall, this will surely cause wage growth to slow and maybe
       | decrease. In turn, job opportunities will dry up and unemployment
       | might ensue.
       | 
       | For those who still don't believe, air traffic controllers are a
       | great thought experiment--they're paid quite nicely. What happens
       | if you build tools so that you can train and employ 30% of the
       | population instead of just 10%?
        
         | BigJono wrote:
         | > I became proficient in Rust in a week, and I picked up Svelte
         | in a day. I've written a few shaders too! The code I've written
         | is pristine. All those conversations about "should I learn X to
         | be employed" are totally moot.
         | 
         | fucking lmao
        
           | fny wrote:
           | My point is you learn X and your time to learn and ship Y is
           | dramatically reduced.
           | 
           | It would have taken me a month to write the GPU code I needed
           | in Blender, and I had everything working in a week.
           | 
           | And none of this was "vibed": I understand exactly what each
           | line does.
        
             | whyowhy3484939 wrote:
             | You did not and you are not proficient. LLMs and AI in
             | general cater to your insecurities. An actual good human
             | mentor will wipe the floor with your arrogance and you'll
             | be better for it.
        
               | fny wrote:
               | I think you're under the impression that I am not a
               | software engineer. I already know C, and I've even
               | shipped a very small, popular, security sensitive open
               | source library in C, so I am certainly proficient enough
               | to rewrite Python into Rust for performance purposes
               | without hiring a Rust engineer or write shaders to help
               | debug models in Blender.
               | 
               | My point is that LLMs make it 10x easier to adapt and
               | transition to new languages, so whatever moat someone had
               | by being a "Rust developer" is now significantly erased.
               | Anyone with solid systems programming experience could
               | switch from C/C++ to Rust with the help of an LLM and be
               | proficient in a week or two's time. By proficient, I mean
               | able to ship valuable features. Sure they'll have to
               | leveraging an LLM to help smooth out understanding new
               | features like borrow checking, but they'll surely be able
               | to deliver given how already circumspect the Rust
               | compiler is.
               | 
               | I agree fundamentals matter and good mentorship matters!
               | However, good developers will be able to do a lot more
               | diverse tasks which means _more supply of talent across
               | every language ecosystem._
               | 
               | For example, I don't feel compelled at all to hire a
               | Svelte/Vue/React developer specifically anymore: any
               | decent frontend developer can race forward with the help
               | of an LLM.
        
             | ofjcihen wrote:
             | It would have taken you a month and you would have been
             | able to understand it 100x more.
             | 
             | LLMs are great but what they really excel at is raising the
             | rates of Dunning-Kruger in every industry they touch.
        
           | whyowhy3484939 wrote:
           | Yes, this is definitely missing a /s, I hope.
           | 
           | Please for the love of god tell me this is a joke.
        
         | hooverd wrote:
         | Can you talk about Rust without your friend computer?
        
           | fny wrote:
           | Of course not! But I can definitely ship useful tools, and I
           | can could learn to talk the talk in a tenth of the time it
           | would otherwise have taken.
           | 
           | Which is my point, this is not about replacement, it's about
           | reducing the need and increasing supply.
        
             | kttjoppl wrote:
             | How are you going to ship a tool you don't understand? What
             | are you going to do when it breaks? How are you going to
             | debug issues in a language you don't understand? How do you
             | know the code the LLM generated is correct?
             | 
             | LLMs absolutely help me pick up new skills faster, but if
             | you can't have a discussion about Rust and Svelte, no, you
             | didn't learn them. I'm making a lot of progress learning
             | deep learning and ChatGPT has been critical for me to do
             | so. But I still have to read books, research papers, and my
             | framework's documentation. And it's still taking a long
             | time. If I hadn't read the books, I wouldn't know what
             | question to ask or how to evaluate if ChatGPT is completely
             | off base (which happens all the time).
        
           | MattSayar wrote:
           | Can you talk about assembly without the internet?
           | 
           | I fully understand your point and even agree with it to an
           | extent. LLMs are just another layer of abstraction, like C is
           | an abstraction for asm is an abstraction for binary is an
           | abstraction for transistors... we all stand on the shoulders
           | of giants. We write code to accomplish a task, not the other
           | way around.
        
             | hooverd wrote:
             | I think friction is important to learning and expertise.
             | LLMs are great tools if you view them as compression. I
             | think calculators are a good example, people like to bring
             | those up as a gotcha, but an alarming amount of people are
             | now innumerate on basic receipt math or comprehending
             | orders of magnitude.
        
               | MattSayar wrote:
               | It is absolutely essential that we still have experts who
               | know the details. LLMs are just the tide that lifts all
               | ships.
        
             | bluefirebrand wrote:
             | > Can you talk about assembly without the internet?
             | 
             | Yes.
             | 
             | Can you not?
        
         | ironman1478 wrote:
         | "I became proficient in Rust in a week". How did you evaluate
         | that if you weren't an expert in Rust to begin with? What does
         | proficient mean to you? Also, are you advocating we get rid of
         | air traffic controllers with AI? How would we train the AI?
         | What model would you use? If you can't solve a safety critical
         | problem from first principles, there is no way an AI should be
         | in the loop. This makes no sense.
         | 
         | Cynically, I'm happy we have this AI generated code. It's gonna
         | create so much garbage and they'll have to pay good senior
         | engineers more money to clean it all up.
        
           | ofjcihen wrote:
           | To your second point we're seeing a huge comeback of
           | vulnerabilities that we're "mostly gone". Things like very
           | basic RCEs and SQLi. This is a great thing for security
           | workers as well.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | I don't understand, no one ever needed an LLM to automate air
         | traffic controllers. 1980s tech could do that just fine. The
         | reason they continue to exist is essentially cultural. Fell
         | into a local maximum trap and now the entire industry and
         | governance is incapable of lifting itself out of it and instead
         | come up with stuff like "standardized phrases for the voice
         | coms that we have inexplicably made crucial to the entire
         | system" while riding cultural cliches like "the pilot must be
         | in control" as they continue manual flight into big rocks.
        
         | lexandstuff wrote:
         | Re the last sentence, is the answer that more people will die
         | in aviation disasters?
        
       | AnimalMuppet wrote:
       | At least temporarily, it can be somewhat self-fulfilling, though.
       | Companies believe it, think they'd better shed white-collar jobs
       | to stay competitive. If enough companies believe that, white-
       | collar jobs go down, even if AI is useless.
       | 
       | Of course, in the medium term, those companies may find out that
       | they _needed_ those people, and have to hire, and then have to
       | re-train the new people, and suffer all the disruption that
       | causes, and the companies that didn 't do that will be ahead of
       | the game. (Or, they find out that they really _didn 't_ need all
       | those people, even if AI is useless, and the companies that
       | didn't get rid of them are stuck with a higher expense structure.
       | We'll see.)
        
       | josefritzishere wrote:
       | I don't think we've seen a technology more over-hyped in the
       | history of industrialized society. Cars, which did fully replace
       | horses, was not even hyped this hard.
        
       | spcebar wrote:
       | Something is nagging me about the AI-human replacement
       | conversation that I would love insight from people who know more
       | about startup money than me. It seems like the AI revolution hit
       | as interest rates went insane, and at the same time the AI that
       | could write code was becoming available, the free VC money dried
       | up, or at least changed. I feel like that's not usually a part of
       | the conversation and I'm wondering if we would be having the same
       | conversation if money for startups was thrown around (and more
       | jobs were being created for SWEs) the way it was when interest
       | rates were zero. I know next to nothing about this and would love
       | to hear informed opinions.
        
         | swyx wrote:
         | its not part of the conversation because the influence here is
         | tangential at best (1) and your sense of how much vc money is
         | on the table at any given time is not good (2).
         | 
         | 1a. most seed/A stage investing is acyclical because it is not
         | really about timing for exits, people just always need dry
         | powder
         | 
         | 1b. tech advancement is definitely acyclical - alexnet,
         | transformers, and gpt were all just done by very small teams
         | without a lot of funding. gpt2->3 was funded by microsoft, not
         | vc
         | 
         | 2a. (i have advance knowledge of this bc i've previewed the
         | keynote slides for ai.engineer) free vc money slowed in
         | 2022-2023 but has not at all dried up and in fact reaccelerated
         | in a very dramatic way. up 70% this yr
         | 
         | 2b. "vc" is a tenous term when all biglabs are >>10b valuation
         | and raising from softbank or sovereign wealth. its no longer
         | vc, its about reallocating capital from publics to privates
         | because the only good ai co's are private
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | I'm not seeing how you're replying to this comment. I'm not
           | sure you've understood their point.
           | 
           | The point is that there's a correlation between macroeconomic
           | dynamics (ie., the price of credit increasing) and the "rise
           | of AI". In ordinary times, absent AI, the macroeconomic
           | dynamics would fully explain the economic shifts we're
           | seeing.
           | 
           | So the question is why do we event need to mention AI in our
           | explanation of recent economic shifts?
           | 
           | What phenomena, exactly, require positing AI disruption?
        
             | munificent wrote:
             | _> What phenomena, exactly, require positing AI
             | disruption?_
             | 
             | AI company CEOs trying to juice their stock evaluations?
        
             | rglover wrote:
             | Social media. Especially in SV, the embarrassment of
             | failing publicly having been given so much money is far too
             | painful psychologically.
             | 
             | Spinning that to say you're a "visionary" for replacing
             | expensive employees with AI (even when it's clear we're not
             | there yet) is risky, but a good enough smoke screen to
             | distract the average bear from poking holes in your
             | financials.
        
         | sfRattan wrote:
         | > It seems like the AI revolution hit as interest rates went
         | insane...
         | 
         | > ...I'm wondering if we would be having the same conversation
         | if money for startups was thrown around (and more jobs were
         | being created for SWEs) the way it was when interest rates were
         | zero.
         | 
         | The end of free money probably has to do with why C-level types
         | are salivating at AI tools as a cheaper potential replacement
         | for some employees, but describing the interest rates returning
         | to nonzero percentages as _going insane_ is really kind of a...
         | wild take?
         | 
         | The period of interest rates at or near zero was a historical
         | anomaly [1]. And that policy clearly resulted in massive,
         | systemic misallocation of investment at global scale.
         | 
         | You're describing it as if that was the "normal?"
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.macrotrends.net/2015/fed-funds-rate-
         | historical-c...
        
       | michaeldoron wrote:
       | Every time an analyst gives the current state of AI-based tools
       | as evidence supporting AI disruption being just a hype, I think
       | of skeptics who dismissed the exponential growth of covid19 cases
       | due to their initial low numbers.
       | 
       | Putting that aside, how is this article called an analysis and
       | not an opinion piece? The only analysis done here is asking a
       | labor economist what conditions would allow this claim to hold,
       | and giving an alternative, already circulated theory that AI
       | companies CEOs are creating a false hype. The author even uses
       | everyday language like "Yeaaahhh. So, this is kind of Anthropic's
       | whole ~thing.~ ".
       | 
       | Is this really the level of analysis CNN has to offer on this
       | topic?
       | 
       | They could have sketched the growth in foundation model
       | capabilities vs. finite resources such as data, compute and
       | hardware. They could have wrote about the current VC market and
       | the need for companies to show results and not promises. They
       | could have even wrote about the giant biotech industry, and its
       | struggle with incorporating novel exciting drug discovery tools
       | with slow moving FDA approvals. None of this was done here.
        
         | bckr wrote:
         | That's not what major news outlets are for. I'm not sure
         | exactly what they're for.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Analysis == Opinion when it comes to mainstream news reporting.
         | It's one guy's thinking on something.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | I'm not seeing how comparing AI to a virus that killed millions
         | and left tens of millions crippled is an effective way to
         | support your argument.
        
           | drewcon wrote:
           | Humans are not familiar with exponential change so they have
           | almost no ability to manage through exponential change.
           | 
           | Its an apt comparison. The criticisms in the cnn article are
           | already out date in many instances.
        
             | const_cast wrote:
             | Viruses spread and propagate themselves, often changing
             | along the way. AI doesn't, and probably shouldn't. I think
             | we've made a few movies on why that's a bad idea.
        
             | geraneum wrote:
             | > Humans are not familiar with exponential change
             | 
             | Humans are. We have tools to measure exponential growth
             | empirically. It was done for COVID (i.e. epidemiologists do
             | that usually) and is done for economy and other aspects of
             | our life. If there's to be exponential growth, we should be
             | able to put it in numbers. "True me bro" is not a good
             | measure.
             | 
             | Edit: typo
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | There's individual persons modelling exponential change
               | just fine, and then there's what happens when you apply
               | to the populace at large.
               | 
               | "A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous
               | animals and you know it."
        
               | geraneum wrote:
               | > when you apply to the populace at large
               | 
               | What does this mean? What do you apply to populace at
               | large? Do you mean a populace doesn't model the
               | exponential change right?
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | Yep that's what I meant! Context clues did you well here.
        
               | geraneum wrote:
               | "A populace modeling exponential change". Yeah, that's
               | just word salad.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | We can agree to disagree. After all, even you were able
               | to figure out what I meant :-)
        
               | geraneum wrote:
               | disagree on what? You have not put forward a coherent
               | statement. I had to fix your sentence. ;)
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | I understand that complex sentences can sometimes be
               | difficult to parse for median Americans or non-native
               | speakers, but we disagree on whether what I said was word
               | salad prior to you rewording it by explicitly enumerating
               | the implied indirect object. As you demonstrated, context
               | clues were ample to determine meaning.
        
               | geraneum wrote:
               | Since I can't reply under you answer for some reason I
               | put it here.
               | 
               | We can have a constructive discussion instead. My problem
               | was not actually parsing what you said. I'm questioning
               | the assumption if populace collectively modeling
               | exponential change is really meaningful. You can, for
               | example, describe how does it look like when populace can
               | model change exponentially. Is there any relevant
               | literature on this subject that I can look into? Does
               | this phenomenon have a name?
        
             | agarren wrote:
             | > The criticisms in the cnn article are already out date in
             | many instances.
             | 
             | Which ones, specifically? I'm genuinely curious. The ones
             | about "[an] unfalsifiable disease-free utopia"? The one
             | from a labor economist basically equating Amodei's high-
             | unemployment/strong economy claims to pure fantasy? The
             | fact that nothing Amodei said was cited or is substantiated
             | in any meaningful way? Maybe the one where she points out
             | that Amodei is fundamentally a sales guy, and that
             | Anthropic is making the rounds saying scary stuff just
             | after they released a new model - a techbro marketing push?
             | 
             | I like anthropic. They make a great product. Shame about
             | their CEO - just another techbro pumping his scheme.
        
             | bayarearefugee wrote:
             | As a developer that uses LLMs, I haven't seen any evidence
             | that LLMs or "AI" more broadly are improving exponentially,
             | but I see a lot of people applying a near-religious belief
             | that this is happening or will happen because... actually,
             | I don't know? because Moore's Law was a thing, maybe?
             | 
             | In my experience, for practical usage LLMs aren't even
             | improving linearly at this point as I personally see Claude
             | 3.7 and 4.0 as regressions from 3.5. They might score
             | better on artificial benchmarks but I find them less likely
             | to produce useful work.
        
               | drewcon wrote:
               | 5 years ago commercial image gen produced hallucinatory
               | dream like blobs.
               | 
               | 2 years ago it was cool but unreliable.
               | 
               | Today I just did an entire "photo shoot" in Midjourney.
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | especially when the world population is billions and at the
           | beginning we were worried about double digit IFR.
           | 
           | Yeah. Imagine if COVID had actually killed 10% of the world
           | population. Killing millions sucks, but mosquitos regularly
           | do that too, and so does tuberculosis, and we don't shut down
           | everything. Could've been close to a billion. Or more.
           | Could've been so much worse.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | I think you missed the point. AI is dismissed by idiots
           | because they are looking at its state _now_ , not what it
           | will be in future. The same was true in the pandemic.
        
         | aaronbaugher wrote:
         | > Is this really the level of analysis CNN has to offer on this
         | topic?
         | 
         | Not just this topic.
        
         | bgwalter wrote:
         | Why not use the promised exponential growth of home ownership
         | that led to the catastrophic real estate bubble that burst in
         | 2008 as an example?
         | 
         | We are still dealing with the aftereffects, which led to the
         | elimination of any working class representation in politics and
         | suppression of real protests like Occupy Wall Street.
         | 
         | When this bubble bursts, the IT industry will collapse for some
         | years like in 2000.
        
           | michaeldoron wrote:
           | The growth of home ownership was an indicator of real estate
           | investment, not of real world capabilities - once the value
           | of real estate dropped and the bubble burst, those
           | investments were worth less than before, causing the crisis.
           | In contrast, the growth in this scenario is the capabilities
           | of foundation models (and to a lesser extent, the
           | technologies that stem out of these capabilities). This is
           | not a promise or an investment, it's not an indication of
           | speculative trust in this technology, it is a non-decreasing
           | function indicating a real increase in performance.
        
         | PeterStuer wrote:
         | "Is this really the level of analysis CNN has to offer on this
         | topic?"
         | 
         | It's not CNN exlusive. Newsmedia that did not evolve towards
         | clicks, riling up people, hatewatching and paid propaganda to
         | the highest bidder went extinct a decade ago. This is what
         | _did_ evolve.
        
           | biophysboy wrote:
           | This is outdated. Most of journalism has shifted to
           | subscription models, offering a variety of products under one
           | roof: articles, podcasts, newsletters, games, recipes,
           | product reviews, etc.
        
         | biophysboy wrote:
         | Its an article reformulated from a daily newsletter.
         | Newsletters take the form of a quick, casual follow up to
         | current events (e.g. an Amodei interview). Its not intended to
         | be exhaustive analysis.
         | 
         | Besides the labor economist bit, it also makes the correct
         | point that tech people regularly exaggerate and lie. A great
         | example of this is biotech, a field I work in.
        
         | leeroihe wrote:
         | The best heuristic is what people are realizing happened with
         | uncheck "skilled" immigration in places like canada (and soon
         | the U.S.). Everyone was sold that we "need these workers"
         | because nobody was willing to work and that they added to GDP.
         | When in reality, there's now significant evidence that all
         | these new arrivals did was put a net drain on welfare, devalue
         | the labor of endemic citizens (regardless of race - in many
         | cases affecting endemic minorities MORE) and in the end, just
         | reduced cost while degrading companies who did this.
         | 
         | We will wake up in 5 yrs to find we replaced people for a
         | dependence on a handful of companies that serve llms and make
         | inference chips. Its beyond dystopian.
        
           | matteotom wrote:
           | Can you provide more details about said "significant
           | evidence"? This seems to be a pretty popular belief, despite
           | being contrary to generally accepted economics, and I've yet
           | to see good evidence for it.
        
         | mjburgess wrote:
         | You can pick and choose problems from history where folk belief
         | was wrong: WW1 vs. Y2K.
         | 
         | This isn't very informative. Indeed, engaging in this argument-
         | by-analoguy betrays a lack of actual analysis, credible
         | evidence and justification for a position. Arguing "by analogy"
         | in this way, which picks and chooses an analogy, just restates
         | your position -- it doesnt give anyone reasons to believe it.
        
         | timr wrote:
         | > I think of skeptics who dismissed the exponential growth of
         | covid19 cases due to their initial low numbers.
         | 
         | Uh, not to be petty, but the growth _was not_ exponential --
         | neither in retrospect, nor given what was knowable at any point
         | in time. About the most aggressive, correct thing you could've
         | said at the time was "sigmoid growth", but even that was
         | basically wrong.
         | 
         | If that's your example, it's inadvertently an argument for the
         | other side of the debate: people say lots of silly, unfounded
         | things at Peak Hype that sound superficially correct and/or
         | "smart", but fail to survive a round of critical reasoning. I
         | have no doubt we'll look back on this period of time and find
         | something similar.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | > I think of skeptics who dismissed the exponential growth of
         | covid19 cases due to their initial low numbers.
         | 
         | Compare: "Whenever I think of skeptics dismissing completely
         | novel and unprecedented outcomes occurring by mechanisms we
         | can't clearly identify or prove (will) exist... I think of
         | skeptics who dismissed an outcome that had literally hundreds
         | of well-studied historical precedents using proven processes."
         | 
         | You're right that humans don't have a good intuition for non-
         | linear growth, but that common thread doesn't heal over those
         | other differences.
        
           | actuallyalys wrote:
           | Yeah, for this analogy to work, we'd have to see AI causing a
           | small but consistently doubling amount of lost jobs.
        
         | monkeyelite wrote:
         | > I think of skeptics who dismissed the exponential growth of
         | covid19 cases due to their initial low numbers.
         | 
         | But that didn't happen. All of the people like pg who drew
         | these accelerating graphs were wrong.
         | 
         | In fact, I think just about every commenter on COVID was wrong
         | about what would happen in the early months regardless of
         | political angle.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | I remember scientists, especially epidemiologists being quite
           | accurate. I guess the key is to not even have a political
           | angle but instead some knowledge of what you are talking
           | about.
        
         | qgin wrote:
         | This is the exact thing I've expressed as well.
         | 
         | This moment feels exactly to me like that moment when we were
         | going to "shut down for two weeks" and the majority of people
         | seemed to think that would be the end of it.
         | 
         | It was clear where the trend was going, but exponentials always
         | seem ridiculous on an intuitive level.
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | It goes both ways. Once the exponential growth of COVID
         | started, I heard wildly outrageous predictions of what was
         | going to happen next, none of which ever really came to
         | fruition.
        
       | bachmeier wrote:
       | > AI is starting to get better than humans at almost all
       | intellectual tasks
       | 
       | "Starting" is doing a hell of lot of work in that sentence. I'm
       | starting to become a billionaire and Nobel Prize winner.
       | 
       | Anyway, I agree with Mark Cuban's statement in the article. The
       | most likely scenario is that we become more productive as AI
       | complements humans. Yesterday I made this comment on another HN
       | story:
       | 
       | "Copilot told me it's there to do the "tedious and repetitive"
       | parts so I can focus my energy on the "interesting" parts. That's
       | great. They do the things every programmer hates having to do.
       | I'm more productive in the best possible way.
       | 
       | But ask it to do too much and it'll return error-ridden garbage
       | filled with hallucinations, or just never finish the task. The
       | economic case for further gains has diminished greatly while the
       | cost of those gains rises."
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | > I'm starting to become a billionaire
         | 
         | Suggests you are accumulating money, not losing it. That I
         | think is the point of the original comment: AI is getting
         | better, not worse. (Or humans are getting worse? Ha ha, not ha
         | ha.)
        
           | bachmeier wrote:
           | > That I think is the point of the original comment: AI is
           | getting better, not worse.
           | 
           | Well, in order to meet the standard of the quote "wipe out
           | half of all entry-level office jobs ... sometime soon. Maybe
           | in the next couple of years" we need more than just getting
           | better. We need considerably better technology with a better
           | cost structure to wipe out that many jobs. Saying we're
           | starting on that task when the odds are no better than me
           | becoming a billionaire within two years is what we used to
           | call BS.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | It it sustainable? I know when I program, it's sometimes nice
         | to get to something that's easy, even if it's tedious and
         | repetitive. It's like stopping to walk for a bit when you're on
         | a run. You're still moving, but you can catch your breath and
         | recharge.
        
           | bachmeier wrote:
           | Oh, I agree, but I'd say that it's probably easier to do
           | those small things than it is to figure out a prompt to have
           | Copilot do them. If it feels good, there's no reason not to
           | do it yourself. I think we'd all agree that it's a joy to be
           | able to tell Copilot to write out the scaffolding at the
           | start of a new project.
        
       | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
       | Imagine you had a crystal ball that lets you look 10 years into
       | the future, and you asked it about whether we underestimate or
       | overestimate how many jobs AI will replace in the future.
       | 
       | It flickers for a moment, then it either says
       | 
       | "In 2025, mankind vastly underestimated the amount of jobs AI can
       | do in 2035"
       | 
       | or
       | 
       | "In 2025, mankind vastly overestimated the amount of jobs AI can
       | do in 2035"
       | 
       | How would you use that information to invest in the stock market?
        
         | elcapitan wrote:
         | If I had a crystal ball that lets me look 10 years into the
         | future and I wanted to invest in the stock market, I would ask
         | it about the stock market.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | I'm already assuming the first answer but nonetheless have
         | absolutely no idea how I would use that to make a guess about
         | the stock market.
         | 
         | So it's index funds (as always) with me anyway.
        
         | usersouzana wrote:
         | Heads or tails, then proceed accordingly. You won't waste any
         | more time analyzing it in hopes of getting it right.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | Ah, so a straddle.
        
       | phendrenad2 wrote:
       | These are the moments that make millionaires. A majority of
       | people believe that AI is going to thoroughly disrupt society.
       | They've been primed to worry about an "AI apocalypse" by
       | Hollywood for their entire lives. The prevailing counter-
       | narrative is that AI is going to flop. HARD. You can't get more
       | diametrically opposed than that. If you can correctly guess (or
       | logically determine) which is correct, and bet all of your money
       | on it, you can launch yourself into a whole other echelon of
       | life.
       | 
       | I've been a heavy user of AI ever since ChatGPT was released for
       | free. I've been tracking its progress relative to the work done
       | by humans at large. I've concluded that it's improvements over
       | the last few years are not across-the-board changes, but benefit
       | specific areas more than others. And unfortunately for AI hype
       | believers, it happens to be areas such as art, which provide a
       | big flashy "look at this!" demonstration of AI's power to people.
       | But... try letting AI come up with a nuanced character for a
       | novel, or design an amplifier circuit, or pick stocks, or do your
       | taxes.
       | 
       | I'm a bit worried about YCombinator. I like Hacker News. I'm a
       | bit worried that YC has so much riding on AI startups. After
       | machine learning, crypto, the post-Covid 19 healthcare bubble,
       | fintech, NFTs, can they take another blow when the music stops?
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | > The prevailing counter-narrative is that AI is going to flop.
         | HARD.
         | 
         | Why is that the counter-narrative? Doesn't it seem more likely
         | that it will contine to gradually improve, perhaps
         | asymptotically, maybe be more specifically trained in the
         | niches where it works well, and it will just become another
         | tool that humans use?
         | 
         | Maybe that's a flop compared to the hype?
        
           | ls612 wrote:
           | At the rate the hyperscalers are increasing capex anything
           | less than 1990s internet era growth rates will not be pretty.
           | So far its been able to sustain those growth rates at the big
           | boy AI companies (look at OpenAI revenue over time) but will
           | it continue? Are we near the end of major LLM advances or are
           | we near the beginning? There are compelling arguments both
           | ways (running out of data is IMO the most compelling bear
           | argument).
        
             | j_w wrote:
             | Re: running out of data
             | 
             | LLM bulls will say that they are going to generate
             | synthetic data that is better than the real data.
        
             | barchar wrote:
             | It's been able to sustain 90s era revenue growth rates, not
             | 90s era income growth rates no?
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | I think all of the dot com boom companies other than the
               | shovel sellers like MS and Cisco were not profitable in
               | the 90s? Not even future behemoths like Amazon.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | Amazon would've been profitable if it weren't investing
               | so much in growth. Also, eBay, Yahoo!, AOL, Priceline,
               | Cisco Systems, E*TRADE and DoubleClick became profitable
               | in the 90s according to DeepSeek.
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | I wouldn't worry too much about YCombinator. Although
         | individual investors can get richer or poorer, "investors" as a
         | class effectively have unlimited money. Collectively, they will
         | always be looking for a place to put it so it keeps growing
         | even more, so there will always be work for firms like
         | YCombinator to sprinkle all that investment money around.
        
         | tokioyoyo wrote:
         | Not the biggest fan of crypto companies, but YC probably did
         | well because of Coinbase.
        
         | barchar wrote:
         | It's not really enough to predict the outcome, you need
         | something concrete to actually bet on, and you need to time
         | things right (particularly for the pessimistic bet).
         | 
         | For any bet that involves purchasing bits of profits you you
         | could be right and lose money because because the government
         | generally won't allow the entire economy to implode.
         | 
         | By the time a bubble pops literally everyone knows they're in a
         | bubble, knowing something is a bubble doesn't make it
         | irrational to jump on the bandwagon.
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | >The prevailing counter-narrative is that AI is going to flop.
         | HARD. You can't get more diametrically opposed than that.
         | 
         | The answer (as always) lies somewhere in the middle. Expert
         | software developers who embrace the tech whole heartedly while
         | understanding its' limitations are now in an absolute golden
         | era of being able to do things they never could have dreamed of
         | before. I have no doubt we will see the first unicorns made of
         | "single pizza" size teams here shortly.
        
       | rjurney wrote:
       | Workers in denial are like lemmings, headed for the cliff... not
       | putting myself above that. A moderate view indicates great
       | disruption before new jobs replace the current round being lost.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | "If the CEO of a soda company declared that soda-making
       | technology is getting so good it's going to ruin the global
       | economy, you'd be forgiven for thinking that person is either
       | lying or fully detached from reality.
       | 
       | Yet when tech CEOs do the same thing, people tend to perk up."
       | 
       | Silicon Valley and Redmond make desperate attempts to argue for
       | their own continued relevance.
       | 
       | For Silicon Valley VC, software running on computers cannot be
       | just a tool. It has to cause "disruption". It has to be "eating
       | the world". It has to be a source of "intelligence" that can
       | replace people.
       | 
       | If software and computers are just boring appliances, like
       | yesterday's typewriters, calculators, radios, TVs, etc., then
       | Silicon Valley VC may need to find a new line of work. Expect the
       | endless media hype to continue.
       | 
       | No doubt soda technology is very interesting. But people working
       | at soda companies are not as self-absorbed, detached from reality
       | and overfunded as people working for so-called "tech" companies.
        
         | digianarchist wrote:
         | I saw a tweet the other day that stated AI will cure all
         | diseases within 5-10 years. The tweet cites scientists and CEOs
         | but only lists CEOs of AI companies.
         | 
         | https://x.com/kimmonismus/status/1927843826183589960
        
       | cadamsdotcom wrote:
       | CEOs' jobs involve hyping their companies. It's up to us whether
       | we believe.
       | 
       | I'd love a journalist using Claude to debunk Dario: "but don't
       | believe me, I'm just a journalist - we asked Dario's own product
       | if he's lying through his teeth, and here's what it said:"
        
         | geraneum wrote:
         | I'd love a journalist that do their job. For example when
         | someone like this CEO pulls a number out of their ass, maybe
         | push them on how they arrived at this? Why does it displace
         | 50%? Why 70? Why not 45?
        
       | elktown wrote:
       | Tech has a big problem of selective critical thinking due to a
       | perpetual gold rush causing people to adopt a stockbroker
       | mentality of not missing out on the next big thing - be it the
       | next subfield like AI, the next cool tech that you can be an
       | early adopter on etc. But yeah, nothing new under the sun; it's
       | corruption.
        
         | mjburgess wrote:
         | In many spheres today "thought leadership" is a kind of
         | marketing and sales activity. It is no wonder then that no one
         | can think and no one can lead: either would be an fatal to
         | healthy sales.
        
       | leeroihe wrote:
       | I used to be a big proponent of AI tools and llms, even built
       | products around them. But to be honest, with all of the big AI
       | ceos promising that they're going to "replace all white collar
       | jobs" I can't see that they want what's best for the country or
       | the american people. It's legitimately despicable and ghoulish
       | that they just expect everyone to "adapt" to the downstream
       | affects of their knowledge-machine lock-in.
        
       | bawana wrote:
       | When are going to get AI CEOs as a service?
        
       | bawana wrote:
       | When are we going to get AI CEOs as a service?
        
         | crims0n wrote:
         | You may be onto something... sell strategic decisions by an AI
         | cohort as a service, insure against the inevitable duds,
         | profit.
        
         | 0x5f3759df-i wrote:
         | I asked ChatGPT to be a CEO and decide if everyone should work
         | in office 5 days a week:
         | 
         | " Final Thought (as a CEO):
         | 
         | I wouldn't force a full return unless data showed a clear
         | business case. Culture, performance, and employee sentiment
         | would all guide the decision. I'd rather lead with
         | transparency, flexibility, and trust than mandates that could
         | backfire.
         | 
         | Would you like a sample policy memo I'd send to employees in
         | this scenario?"
         | 
         | A better, more reasonable CEO than the one I have. So I'm
         | looking forward to AI taking that white collar job especially.
        
       | CKMo wrote:
       | There's definitely a big problem with entry-level jobs being
       | replaced by AI. Why hire an intern or a recent college-grad when
       | they lack both the expertise and experience to do what an AI
       | could probably do?
       | 
       | Sure, the AI might require handholding and prompting too, but the
       | AI is either cheaper or actually "smarter" than the young person.
       | In many cases, it's both. I work with some people who I believe
       | have the capacity and potential to one day be competent, but the
       | time and resource investment to make that happen is too much. I
       | often find myself choosing to just use an AI for work I would
       | have delegated to them, because I need it fast and I need it now.
       | If I handed it off to them I would not get it fast, and I would
       | need to also go through it with them in several back-and-forth
       | feedback-review loops to get it to a state that's usable.
       | 
       | Given they are human, this would push back delivery times by 2-3
       | business days. Or... I can prompt and handhold an AI to get it
       | done in 3 hours.
       | 
       | Not that I'm saying AI is a god-send, but new grads and entry-
       | level roles are kind of screwed.
        
         | mjburgess wrote:
         | This is always the case though. A factor of 50x productivity
         | between expert and novice is small. Consider how long it take
         | you to conduct foot surgery vs. a food surgeon -- close to a
         | decade of medical school + medical experience -- just for a
         | couple hours of work.
         | 
         | There have never been that many businesses able to hire novices
         | for this reason.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | This is a big part of why a _lot_ of developers ' first 1-3
           | jobs are small mom & pop shops of varying levels of quality,
           | almost none of which have "good" engineering cultures. Market
           | rate for a new grad dev might be X, it's hard to find an
           | entry level job at X but mom & pop business who needs 0.7 FTE
           | developers is willing to pay 0.8X and even though the owner
           | is batshit insane it's not a bad deal for the 22 and 23 year
           | olds willing to do it.
        
             | mjburgess wrote:
             | Sure. I mean perhaps, LLMs will accelerate a return to a
             | more medieval culture in tech where you "have to start at
             | 12 to be any good". Personally, I think that's a good
             | (enough) idea. By 22, I'd at least a decade of experience;
             | my first job at 20 was as a contractor for a major
             | national/multinational.
             | 
             | Programming is a craft, and just like any other, the best
             | time to learn it is when it's free to learn.
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | I think for a surgeon as an example, quality may be a better
           | metric than time. I'll bet I could conduct an attempted foot
           | surgery way faster than a foot surgeon, but they're likely to
           | conduct _successful_ foot surgeries.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Sure, but no one has found a good metric for actually
             | quantifying quality for surgeons. You can't look at just
             | the rate of positive outcomes because often the best
             | surgeons take on the worst cases that others won't even
             | attempt. And we simply don't have enough reliable data to
             | make proper metric adjustments based on individual patient
             | attributes.
        
         | abletonlive wrote:
         | This is a big issue in the short term but in the long term I
         | actually think AI is going to be a huge democratization of work
         | and company building.
         | 
         | I spend a lot of time encouraging people to not fight the tide
         | and spend that time intentionally experimenting and seeing what
         | you can do. LLMs are already useful and it's interesting to me
         | that anybody is arguing it's just good for toy applications.
         | This is a poisonous mindset and results in a potentially far
         | worse outcome than over-hyping AI for an individual.
         | 
         | I am wondering if I should actually quit a >500K a year job
         | based around LLM applications and try to build something on my
         | own with it right now.
         | 
         | I am NOT someone that thinks I can just craft some fancy prompt
         | and let an LLM agent build me a company, but I think it's a
         | very powerful tool when used with great intention.
         | 
         | The new grads and entry level people are scrappy. That's why
         | startups before LLMs liked to hire them. (besides being cheap,
         | they are just passionate and willing to make a sacrifice to
         | prove their worth)
         | 
         | The ones with a lot of creativity have an opportunity right now
         | that many of us did not when we were in their shoes.
         | 
         | In my opinion, it's important to be technically potent in this
         | era, but it's now even more important to be _creative_ - and
         | that 's just what so many people lack.
         | 
         | Sitting in front of a chat prompt and coming up with an idea is
         | hard for the majority of people that would rather be told what
         | to do or what direction to take.
         | 
         | My message to the entry-level folks that are in this weird time
         | period. It's tough, and we can all acknowledge that - but don't
         | let cynicism shackle you. Before LLMs, your greatest asset was
         | fresh eyes and the lack of cynicism brought upon by years of
         | industry. Don't throw away that advantage just because the job
         | market is tough. You, just like everybody else, have a very
         | powerful tool and opportunity right in front of you.
         | 
         | The amount of people trying to convince you that it's just a
         | sham and hype means that you have less competition to worry
         | about. You're actually lucky there's a huge cohort of
         | experienced people that have completely dismissed LLMs because
         | they were too egotistical to spend meaningful time evaluating
         | it and experimenting with it. LLM capabilities are still
         | changing every 6 months-1 year. Anybody that has decided
         | concretely that there is nothing to see here is misleading you.
         | 
         | Even in the current state of LLM if the critics don't see the
         | value and how powerful it is mostly a lack of imagination
         | that's at play. I don't know how else to say it. If I'm already
         | able to eliminate someone's role by using an LLM then it's
         | already powerful enough in its current state. You can argue
         | that those roles were not meaningful or important and I'd agree
         | - but we as a society are spending trillions on those roles
         | right now and would continue to do so if not for LLMs
        
           | izabera wrote:
           | what does "huge democratization of work" even mean? what
           | world do you people live in? the current global unemployment
           | rate on my planet is around 5% so that seems pretty
           | democratised already?
        
             | abletonlive wrote:
             | What I mean by that is that you have even more power to
             | start your own company or use LLMs to reduce the friction
             | of doing something yourself instead of hiring someone else
             | to do it for you.
             | 
             | Just as the internet was a democratization of information,
             | llms are a democratization of output.
             | 
             | That may be in terms of production or art. There is
             | _clearly_ a lower barrier for achieving both now compared
             | to pre-llm. If you can 't see this then you don't just have
             | your head stuck in the sand, you have it severed and
             | blasted into another reality.
             | 
             | The reason why you reacted in such a way is again, a lack
             | of imagination. To you, "work" means "employment" and a
             | means to a paycheck. But work is more than that. It is the
             | output that matters, and whether that output benefits you
             | or your employer is up to you. You now have more leverage
             | than ever for making it benefit you because you're not
             | paying that much time/money to ask an LLM to do it for you.
             | 
             | Pre-llm, most for-hire work was only accessible to
             | companies with a much bigger bank account than yours.
             | 
             | There is an ungodly amount of white collar workers
             | maintaining spreadsheets and doing bullshit jobs that LLMs
             | can do just fine. And that's not to say all of those jobs
             | have completely useless output, it's just that the amount
             | of bodies it takes to produce that output is unreasonable.
             | 
             | We are just getting started getting rid of them. But the
             | best part of it is that you can do all of those bullshit
             | jobs with an LLM for whatever idea you have in your pocket.
             | 
             | For example, I don't need an army of junior engineers to
             | write all my boilerplate for me. I might have a protege if
             | I am looking to actually mentor someone and hire them for
             | that reason, but I can easily also just use LLMs to make
             | boilerplate and write unit tests for me at the same time.
             | Previously I would have had to have 1 million dollars
             | sitting around to fund the amount of output that I am able
             | to produce with a $20 subscription to an LLM service.
             | 
             | The junior engineer can also do this too, albeit in most
             | cases less effectively.
             | 
             | That's democratization of work.
             | 
             | In your "5% unemployment" world you have many more
             | gatekeepers and financial barriers.
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | > What I mean by that is that you have even more power to
               | start your own company or use LLMs to reduce the friction
               | of doing something yourself instead of hiring someone
               | else to do it for you.
               | 
               | > Previously I would have had to have 1 million dollars
               | sitting around to fund the amount of output that I am
               | able to produce with a $20 subscription to an LLM
               | service.
               | 
               | this sounds like the death of employment and the start of
               | plutocracy
               | 
               | not what I would call "democratisation"
        
               | abletonlive wrote:
               | > plutocracy
               | 
               | Well, I've said enough about cynicism here so not much
               | else I can offer you. Good luck with that! Didn't realize
               | everybody loved being an employee so much
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | not everyone is capable of starting a business
               | 
               | so, employee or destitute? tough choice
        
               | abletonlive wrote:
               | I spent a lot of time arguing the barrier to entry for
               | starting one is lower than ever. But if your only options
               | are employee or being destitute, I will again point right
               | to -> cynicism.
        
               | hn_acc1 wrote:
               | Just curious what area you work in? Python or some kind
               | of web service / Jscript? I'm sure the LLMs are
               | reasonably good for that - or for updating .csv files
               | (you mention spreadsheets).
               | 
               | I write code to drive hardware, in an unusual programming
               | style. The company pays for Augment (which is now based
               | on o4, which is supposed to be really good?!?). It's
               | great at me typing: print_debug( at which point it often
               | guesses right as to which local variables or parameters I
               | want to debug - but not always. And it can often get the
               | loop iteration part correct if I need to, for example,
               | loop through a vector. The couple of times I asked it to
               | write a unit test? Sure, it got a the basic function call
               | / lambda setup correct, but the test itself was useless.
               | And a bunch of times, it brings back code I was
               | experimenting with 3 months ago and never kept /
               | committed, just because I'm at the same spot in the same
               | file..
               | 
               | I do believe that some people are having reasonable
               | outcomes, but it's not "out of the box" - and it's faster
               | for me to write the code I need to write than to try 25
               | different prompt variations.
        
               | abletonlive wrote:
               | A lot of python in a monorepo. Mono repos have an
               | advantage right now because the LLM can pretty much look
               | through the entire repo. But I'm also applying LLM to
               | eliminate a lot of roles that are obsolete, not just
               | using it to code.
               | 
               | Thanks for sharing your perspective with ACTUAL details
               | unlike most people that have gotten bad results.
               | 
               | Sadly hardware programming is probably going to lag or
               | never be figured out because there's just not enough info
               | to train on. This might change in the future when/if
               | reasoning models get better but there's no guarantee of
               | that.
               | 
               | > which is now based on o4
               | 
               | based on o4 or is o4, those are two different things.
               | augment says this:
               | https://support.augmentcode.com/articles/5949245054-what-
               | mod...                 Augment uses many models,
               | including ones that we train ourselves. Each interaction
               | you have with Augment will touch multiple models. Our
               | perspective is that the choice of models is an
               | implementation detail, and the user does not need to stay
               | current with the latest developments in the world of AI
               | models to fully take advantage of our platform.
               | 
               | Which IMO is....a cop out, a terrible take, and
               | just...slimey. I would not trust a company like this with
               | my money. For all you know they are running your prompts
               | against a shitty open source model running on a 3090 in
               | their closet. The lack of transparency here is
               | concerning.
               | 
               | You might be getting bad results for a few reasons:
               | - your prompts are not specific enough       - your
               | context is poisoned. how strategically are you providing
               | context to the prompt? a good trick is to give the llm an
               | existing file as an example to how you want it to produce
               | the output and tell it "Do X in the style of Y.file".
               | Don't forget with the latest models and huge context
               | windows you could very well provide entire subdirectories
               | into context (although I would recommend being pretty
               | targeted still)       - the model/tool you're using sucks
               | - you work in a problem domain that LLMs are genuinely
               | bad at
               | 
               | Note: your company is paying a subscription to a service
               | that isn't allowing you to bring your own keys. they have
               | an incentive to optimize and make sure you're not costing
               | them a lot of money. This could lead to worse results.
               | 
               | see here for Cline team's perspective on this topic: http
               | s://www.reddit.com/r/ChatGPTCoding/comments/1kymhkt/clin.
               | ..
               | 
               | I suggest this as the bare minimum for the HN community
               | when discussing their bad results with LLMs and coding:
               | - what is your problem domain       - show us your
               | favorite prompt       - what model and tools are you
               | using?       - are you using it as a chat or an agent?
               | - are you bringing your own keys or using a service?
               | - what did you supply in context when you got the bad
               | result?        - how did you supply context? copy paste?
               | file locations? attachments?       - what prompt did you
               | use when you got the bad result?
               | 
               | I'm genuinely surprised when someone complaining about
               | LLM results provides even 2 of those things in their
               | comment.
               | 
               | Most of the cynics would not provide even half of this
               | because it'd be embarrassing and reveal that they have no
               | idea what they are talking about.
        
               | rini17 wrote:
               | But how is AI supposed to replace anyone when you have
               | either to get lucky or to correctly set up all these
               | things you write about first? Who will do all that and
               | who will pay for it?
        
               | abletonlive wrote:
               | So your critique of AI is that it can't read your mind
               | and figure out what to do?
               | 
               | > But how is AI supposed to replace anyone when you have
               | either to get lucky or to correctly set up all these
               | things you write about first? Who will do all that and
               | who will pay for it?
               | 
               | I mean....i'm doing it and getting paid for it so...
        
               | rini17 wrote:
               | Yes, because AGI is advertised(or reviled) as such. That
               | you plug it in and it figures everything else out itself.
               | No need for training and management like for humans.
               | 
               | In other words, did the AI actually replace you in this
               | case? Do you expect it to? Because people clearly expect
               | it, then we have such discussions as this.
        
               | abletonlive wrote:
               | You are incredibly foolish to get hung up on marketing
               | promises and ignoring llm capabilities that are a reality
               | and useful _right now_
               | 
               | good luck with that
        
             | tdeck wrote:
             | I've noticed that when people use the term
             | "democratization" in business speak, it makes sense to
             | replace it with "commodification" 99% of the time.
        
         | mechagodzilla wrote:
         | Interns and new grads have always been a net-negative
         | productivity-wise in my experience, it's just that eventually
         | (after a small number of months/years) they turn into extremely
         | productive more-senior employees. And interns and new grads can
         | use AI too. This feels like asking "Why hire junior programmers
         | now that we have compilers? We don't need people to write
         | boring assembly anymore." If AI was genuinely a big
         | productivity enhancer, we would just convert that into more
         | software/features/optimizations/etc, just like people have been
         | doing with productivity improvements in computers and software
         | for the last 75 years.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | It's a monetary issue at the end of the day.
           | 
           | AI/ML and Offshoring/GCCs are both side effects of the fact
           | that American new grad salaries in tech are now in the
           | $110-140k range.
           | 
           | At $70-80k the math for a new grad works out, but not at
           | almost double that.
           | 
           | Also, going remote first during COVID for extended periods
           | proved that operations can work in a remote first manner, so
           | at that point the argument was made that you can hire top
           | talent at American new grad salaries abroad, and plenty of
           | employees on visas were given the option to take a pay cut
           | and "remigrate" to help start a GCC in their home country or
           | get fired and try to find a job in 60 days around early-mid
           | 2020.
           | 
           | The skills aspect also played a role to a certain extent - by
           | the late 2010s it was getting hard to find new grads who
           | actually understood systems internals and OS/architecture
           | concepts, so a lot of jobs adjacent to those ended up moving
           | abroad to Israel, India, and Eastern Europe where
           | universities still treat CS as engineering instead of an
           | applied math disciple - I don't care if you can prove Dixon's
           | factorization method using induction if you can't tell me how
           | threading works or the rings in the Linux kernel.
           | 
           | The Japan example mentioned above only works because Japanese
           | salaries in Japan have remained extremely low and Japanese is
           | not an extremely mainstream language (making it harder for
           | Japanese firms to offshore en masse - though they have done
           | so in plenty of industries where they used to hold a lead
           | like Battery Chemistry).
        
             | sarchertech wrote:
             | > by the late 2010s it was getting hard to find new grads
             | who actually understood systems internals and
             | OS/architecture concepts, so a lot of jobs adjacent to
             | those ended up moving abroad to Israel, India, and Eastern
             | Europe where universities still treat CS as engineering
             | instead of an applied math disciple
             | 
             | That doesn't fit my experience at all. The applied math vs
             | engineering continuum is mostly dependent on whether a CS
             | program at a given school came out of the engineering
             | department or the math apartment. I haven't noticed any
             | shift on that spectrum coming from CS departments except
             | that people are more likely to start out programming in
             | higher level languages where they are more insulated from
             | the hardware.
             | 
             | That's the same across countries though. I certainly
             | haven't noticed that Indian or Eastern European CS grads
             | have a better understanding of the OS or the underlying
             | hardware.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | > I certainly haven't noticed that Indian or Eastern
               | European CS grads have a better understanding of the OS
               | or the underlying hardware.
               | 
               | Absolutely, but that's if they are exposed to these
               | concepts, and that's become less the case beyond maybe a
               | single OS class.
               | 
               | > except that people are more likely to start out
               | programming in higher level languages where they are more
               | insulated from the hardware
               | 
               | I feel that's part of the issue, but also, CS programs in
               | the US are increasingly making computer architecture an
               | optional class. And network specific classes have always
               | been optional.
               | 
               | ---------
               | 
               | Mind you, I am biased towards Cybersecurity, DevOps, DBs,
               | and HPC because that is the industry I've worked on for
               | over a decade now, and it legitimately has become
               | difficult hiring new grads in the US with a "NAND-to-
               | Tetris" mindset because curriculums have moved away from
               | that aside from a couple top programs.
        
           | lokar wrote:
           | Where I have worked new grads (and interns) were explicitly
           | negative.
           | 
           | This is part of why some companies have minimum terminal
           | levels (often 5/Sr) before which a failure to improve means
           | getting fired.
        
           | 0xpgm wrote:
           | Isn't that every new employee? The first few months you are
           | not expected to be firing on all cylinders as you catch up
           | and adjust to company norms
           | 
           | An intern is much more valuable than AI in the sense that
           | everyone makes micro decisions that contribute to the
           | business. An Intern can remember what they heard in a meeting
           | a month ago or some important water-cooler conversation and
           | incorporate that in their work. AI cannot do that
        
         | brookst wrote:
         | I just can't agree with this argument at all.
         | 
         | Today, you hire an intern and they need a lot of hand-holding,
         | are often a net tax on the org, and they deliver a modest
         | benefit.
         | 
         | Tomorrow's interns will be accustomed to using AI, will need
         | less hand-holding, will be able to leverage AI to deliver more.
         | Their total impact will be much higher.
         | 
         | The whole "entry level is screwed" view only works if you
         | assume that companies _want_ all of the drawbacks of interns
         | and entry level employees AND there is some finite amount of
         | work to be done, so yeah, they can get those drawbacks more
         | cheaply from AI instead.
         | 
         | But I just don't see it. I would much rather have one entry
         | level employee producing the work of six because they know how
         | to use AI. Everywhere I've worked, from 1-person startup to the
         | biggest tech companies, has had a huge surplus of work to be
         | done. We all talk about ruthless prioritization because of that
         | limit.
         | 
         | So... why exactly is the entry level screwed?
        
           | gerad wrote:
           | They don't have the experience to tell bad AI responses from
           | good ones.
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | True, but this becomes less of an issue as AI improves,
             | right? Which is the 'happier' direction to see a problem
             | moving, as if AI doesn't improve, it threatens the jobs
             | less.
        
               | hnthrow90348765 wrote:
               | I would be worried about the eventual influence of
               | advertising and profits over correctness
        
               | sarchertech wrote:
               | If AI improves to the point that an intern doesn't need
               | to check its work, you don't need the intern.
               | 
               | You don't need managers, or CEOs. You don't even need
               | VCs.
        
           | einpoklum wrote:
           | > will need less hand-holding, will be able to leverage AI to
           | deliver more
           | 
           | Well, maybe it'll be the other way around: Maybe they'll need
           | more hand-holding since they're used to relying on AI instead
           | of doing things themselves, and when faced with tasks they
           | need to do, they will be less able.
           | 
           | But, eh, what am I even talking about? The _senior_
           | developers in a many companies need a lot of hand-holding
           | that they aren't getting, write bad code, with poor
           | practices, and teach the newbies how to get used to doing
           | that. So that's why the entry-level people are screwed, AI or
           | no.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | You've eloquently expressed exactly the same disconnect: as
             | long as we think the purpose of internships is to write the
             | same kind of code that interns write today, sure, AI
             | probably makes the whole thing less efficient.
             | 
             | But if the purpose of an internship is to learn how to work
             | in a company, while producing some benefit for the company,
             | I think everything gets better. Just like we don't measure
             | today's terms by words per minute typed, I don't think
             | we'll measure tomorrow's interns by Lines of code that hand
             | - written.
             | 
             | So much of the doom here comes from a thought process that
             | goes "we want the same outcomes as today, but the
             | environment is changing, therefore our precious outcomes
             | are at risk."
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | _Tomorrow 's interns will be accustomed to using AI, will
           | need less hand-holding, will be able to leverage AI to
           | deliver more._
           | 
           | Maybe tomorrow's interns will be "AI experts" who need less
           | hand-holding, but the day after that will be kids who used AI
           | throughout elementary school and high school and know nothing
           | at all, deferring to AI on every question, and have zero
           | ability to tell right from wrong among the AI responses.
           | 
           | I tutor a lot of high school students and this is my takeaway
           | over the past few years: AI is absolutely laying waste to
           | human capital. It's completely destroying students' ability
           | to learn on their own. They are not getting an education
           | anymore, they're outsourcing all their homework to the AI.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | I mean, a lot of what you mentioned is an issue around
             | critical thinking (and I'm not sure that's something that
             | can be taught), which has always remained an issue in any
             | job market, and to solve that deskilling via automation (AI
             | or traditional) was used to remediate that gap.
             | 
             | But if you deskill processes, it makes it harder to argue
             | in favor of paying the same premium you did before.
        
             | sibeliuss wrote:
             | It's worth reminding folks that one doesn't _need_ a formal
             | education to get by. I did terrible in school and never
             | went to college and years later have reached a certain
             | expertise (which included many fortunate moments along the
             | way).
             | 
             | What I had growing up though were interests in things, and
             | that has carried me quite far. I worry much more about the
             | addictive infinite immersive quality of video games and
             | other kinds of scrolling, and by extension the elimination
             | of free time through wasted time.
        
         | aloknnikhil wrote:
         | It's not that entry-level jobs / interns are irrelevant. It's
         | more that entry-level has been redefined and it requires
         | significant uplevelling in terms of skills necessary to do a
         | job at that level. That's not necessarily a bad thing. As
         | others have said here, I would be more willing to hand-off more
         | complex tasks to interns / junior engineers because my
         | expectation is they leverage AI to tackle it faster and learn
         | in the process.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | This is where the horrific disloyalty of both companies and
         | employees, comes to bite us in the ass.
         | 
         | The _whole idea_ of interns, is as _training_ positions. They
         | are _supposed_ to be a net negative.
         | 
         | The idea is that they will either remain at the company, after
         | their internship, or move to another company, taking the
         | priorities of their trainers, with them.
         | 
         | But nowadays, with corporate HR, actively doing everything they
         | can to screw over their employees, and employees, being so
         | transient, that they can barely remember the name of their
         | employer, the whole thing is kind of a worthless exercise.
         | 
         | At my old company, we trained Japanese interns. They would
         | often relocate to the US, for 2-year visas, and became very
         | good engineers, upon returning to Japan. It was well worth it.
        
           | FirmwareBurner wrote:
           | _> At my old company, we trained Japanese interns. They would
           | often relocate to the US, for 2-year visas, and became very
           | good engineers,_
           | 
           | Damn, I wish that was me. Having someone mentor you at the
           | beginning of your career instead of having to self learn and
           | fumble your way around never knowing if you're on the right
           | track or not, is massive force multiplier that pays massive
           | dividends over your career. It's like entering the stock
           | market with 1 million $ capital vs 100 $. You're also less
           | likely to build bad habits if nobody with experience teaches
           | you early on.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | Yup. It was a standard part of their HR policy. They are
             | all about long, _long_ -term employment.
             | 
             | They are a marquee company, and get the best of the best,
             | direct from top universities.
             | 
             | Also, no one has less than a Master's, over there.
             | 
             | We got damn good engineers as interns.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> Also, no one has less than a Master's, over there._
               | 
               | I feel this is pretty much the norm everywhere in Europe
               | and Asia. No serious engineering company in Germany even
               | looks at your resume it there's no MSc. degree listed,
               | especially since education is mostly free for everyone so
               | not having a degree is seen as a "you problem", but also
               | it leads to degree inflation, where only PhD or post-docs
               | get taken seriously for some high level positions. I
               | don't remember ever seeing a senior manager/CTO without
               | the "Dr." or even "Prof. Dr." title in the top German
               | engineering companies.
               | 
               | I think mostly the US has the concept of the cowboy self
               | taught engineer who dropped out of college to build a
               | trillion dollar empire in his parents garage.
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | Possibly also because they don't observe added value of
               | the additional schooling.
               | 
               | Also because US salaries are sky high compared to their
               | European counterparts, so I could understand if the extra
               | salary wasn't worth the risk that they might not have
               | that much extra productivity.
               | 
               | I've certainly worked with advanced degree people who
               | didn't seem to be very far along on the productivity
               | curve, but I assume it's like that for everything
               | everywhere.
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | Graduate school assistant in the US pay such shit wages
               | compared to Europe that you would be eligible for food
               | stamps. Opportunity cost is better spent getting your
               | bachelors degree, finding employment, and then using that
               | salary to pay for grad school or have your employer pay
               | for it. I've worked in Europe with just my bac+3. I also
               | had 3-4 years of applied work experience that a fresh-
               | faced MSc holder was just starting to acquire.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | I really think the loss of a mentor/apprentice type of
             | experience is one of those baby-with-the-bath-water type of
             | losses. There are definitely people with the personality
             | types of they know everything and nothing can be learned
             | from others, but for those of us who would much rather
             | learn from those with more experience on the hows and whys
             | of things rather than getting all of those paper cuts
             | ourselves, working with mentors is definitely a much better
             | way to grow.
        
           | geraneum wrote:
           | > horrific disloyalty of both companies and employees
           | 
           | There's no such a thing as loyalty in employer-employee
           | relationships. There's money, there's work and there's
           | [collective] leverage. We need to learn a thing or two from
           | blue collars.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | _> We need to learn a thing or two from blue collars._
             | 
             | A majority of my friends are blue-collar.
             | 
             | You might be surprised.
             | 
             | Unions are adversarial, but the relationships can still be
             | quite warm.
             | 
             | I hear that German and Japanese unions are full-force
             | stakeholders in their corporations, and the relationship is
             | a lot more intricate.
             | 
             | It's like a marriage. There's always elements of
             | control/power play, but the idea is to maximize the
             | benefits.
             | 
             | It can be done. It has been done.
             | 
             | It's just kind of lost, in tech.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> It's just kind of lost, in tech._
               | 
               | Because you can't offshore your clogged toilet or broken
               | HVAC issue to someone abroad for cheap on a whim like you
               | can with certain cases in tech.
               | 
               | You're dependent on a trained and licensed local showing
               | up at your door, which gives him actual bargaining power,
               | since he's only competing with the other locals to fix
               | your issue and not with the entire planet in a race to
               | the bottom.
               | 
               | Unionization only works in favor of the workers in the
               | cases when labor needs to be done on-site (since the
               | government enforces the rules of unions) and can't be
               | easily moved over the internet to another jurisdiction
               | where unions aren't a thing. See the US VFX industry as a
               | brutal example.
               | 
               | There are articles discussing how LA risks becoming the
               | next Detroit with many of the successful blockbusters of
               | 2025 being produced abroad now due to the obscene costs
               | of production in California caused mostly by the unions
               | there. Like 350 $ per hour for a guy to push a button on
               | a smoke machine, because only a union man is allowed to
               | do it. Or that it costs more to move across a Cali studio
               | parking lot than to film a scene in the UK. Letting
               | unions bleed companies dry is only gonna result them
               | moving all jobs that can be moved abroad.
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | Almost every Hollywood movie you see,that wasn't filmed
               | in LA, was basically a taxpayer backed project. Look at
               | any film with international locations and in the film
               | credits you'll see a lots of state-backed, loans, grants,
               | and tax credits. Large part of the film crew and cast are
               | flown out to those locations. And if you think LA was
               | expensive, location pay is even more so. So production is
               | flying out the most expensive parts of the crew to save a
               | few dollars on craft service?
        
               | madaxe_again wrote:
               | > Because you can't offshore your clogged toilet or
               | broken HVAC issue to someone abroad for cheap on a whim
               | like you can with certain cases in tech.
               | 
               | Yet. You can't _yet_. Humanoids and VR are approaching
               | the point quite rapidly where a teleoperated or even
               | autonomous robot will be a better and cheaper tradesman
               | than Joe down the road. Joe can't work 24 hours a day.
               | Joe realises that, so he'll rent a robot and outsource
               | part of his business, and will normalise the idea as
               | quickly as LLMs have become normal. Joe will do very
               | well, until someone comes along with an economy of scale
               | and eats his breakfast.
        
               | Henchman21 wrote:
               | All the _Joes_ I know would spend serious time hunting
               | these robots.
               | 
               | IMO, real actual people don't want to live in the world
               | you described. Hell, they don't wanna live in this one!
               | The "elites" have failed us. Their vision of the future
               | is a dystopian nightmare. If the only reason to exist is
               | to make 25 people at the top richer than gods? _What is
               | the fucking point of living?_
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | _> If the only reason to exist is to make 25 people at
               | the top richer than gods?_
               | 
               | You just described most medieval societies.
               | 
               | It's been done before, and those 25 people are hoping to
               | make it happen again.
        
               | Henchman21 wrote:
               | Hoping is the wrong word. They're trying harder than
               | ever.
        
               | sabarn01 wrote:
               | I have been in Union shops before working in tech. In
               | some places they are fine in others its where your worst
               | employee on your team goes to make everyone else less
               | effective.
        
           | neilv wrote:
           | I agree that interns are pretty much over in tech. Except
           | maybe for an established company do do as a semester/summer
           | trial/goodwill period, for students near graduation. You
           | usually won't get work output worth the mentoring cost, but
           | you might identify a great potential hire, and be on their
           | shortlist.
           | 
           | Startups are less enlightened than that about "interns".
           | 
           | Literally today, in a startup job posting, to a top CS
           | department, they're looking for "interns" to _bring_ (not
           | learn) hot experience developing AI agents, to this startup,
           | for... $20 /hour, and get called an intern.
           | 
           | It's also normal for these startup job posts to be looking
           | for experienced professional-grade skills in things like
           | React, Python, PG, Redis, etc., and still calling the person
           | an intern, with a locally unlivable part-time wage.
           | 
           | Those startups should stop pretending they're teaching
           | "interns" valuable job skills, admit that they desperately
           | need cheap labor for their "ideas person" startup leadership,
           | to do things they can't do, and cut the "intern" in as a
           | founding engineer with meaningful equity. Or, if you can't
           | afford to pay a livable and plausibly competitive startup
           | wage, maybe they're technical cofounders.
        
           | xpe wrote:
           | I personally care a lot about people, but if I was running a
           | publicly traded for-profit, I would have a lot of constraints
           | about how to care for them. (A good place to start, by the
           | way, is not bullshitting people about the financial
           | realities.)
           | 
           | Employees are lucky when incentives align and employers treat
           | them well. This cannot be expected or assumed.
           | 
           | A lot of people want a different kind of world. If we want
           | it, we're gonna have to build it. Think about what you can
           | do. Have you considered running for office?
           | 
           | I don't think it is helpful for people to play into the
           | victim narrative. It is better to support each other and
           | organize.
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | So what happens when you retire and have no replacement because
         | you didn't invest in entry level humans?
         | 
         | This feels like the ultimate pulling up the ladder after you
         | type of move.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Are you honestly trying to tell us that the code you receive
         | from an AI is not requiring any of your time to review and
         | tweak and is 100% correct every time and ready to deploy into
         | your code base with no changes what so ever? You my friend must
         | be a steely eyed missile man of prompting
        
           | throwuxiytayq wrote:
           | Consider that there are no humans in existence that fulfill
           | your requirements, not to mention $20/mo ones
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | why would i consider that when there absolutely are humans
             | that can do that. your dollar value is just ridiculous. if
             | you're a hot shit dev that no longer needs junior devs,
             | then if you spend 15 minutes refactoring the AI output,
             | then you're underwater on that $20/mo value
        
         | diogolsq wrote:
         | You're right that AI is fast and often more efficient than
         | entry-level humans for certain tasks -- but I'd argue that what
         | you're describing isn't delegation, it's just choosing to do
         | the work yourself via a tool. Implementation costs are lower
         | now, so you decide to do it on your own.
         | 
         | Delegation, properly defined, involves transferring not just
         | the task but the judgment and ownership of its outcome. The
         | perfect delegation is when you delegate to someone because you
         | trust them to make decisions the way you would -- or at least
         | in a way you respect and understand.
         | 
         | You can't fully delegate to AI -- and frankly, you shouldn't.
         | AI requires prompting, interpretation, and post-processing.
         | That's still you doing the thinking. The implementation cost is
         | low, sure, but the decision-making cost still sits with you.
         | That's not delegation; it's assisted execution.
         | 
         | Humans, on the other hand, can be delegated to -- truly.
         | Because over time, they internalize your goals, adapt to your
         | context, and become accountable in a way AI never can.
         | 
         | Many reasons why AI can't fill your shoes:
         | 
         | 1. Shallow context - It lacks awareness of organizational
         | norms, unspoken expectations, or domain-specific nuance that's
         | not in the prompt or is not explicit in the code base.
         | 
         | 2. No skin in the game - AI doesn't have a career, reputation,
         | or consequences. A junior human, once trained and trusted,
         | becomes not only faster but also independently responsible.
         | 
         | Junior and Interns can also use AI tools.
        
           | dasil003 wrote:
           | You said exactly what I came here to say.
           | 
           | Maybe some day AI will truly be able to think and reason in a
           | way that can approximate a human, but we're still very far
           | from that. And even when we do, the accountability problem
           | means trusting AI is a huge risk.
           | 
           | It's true that there are white collar jobs that don't require
           | actual thinking, and those are vulnerable, but that's just
           | the latest progression of computerization/automation that's
           | been happening steadily for the last 70 years already.
           | 
           | It's also true that AI will completely change the nature of
           | software development, meaning that you won't be able to coast
           | just on arcane syntax knowledge the way a lot of programmers
           | have been able to so far. But the fundamental precision of
           | logical thought and mapping it to a desirable human outcome
           | will still be needed, the only change is how you arrive
           | there. This actually benefits young people who are already
           | becoming "AI native" and will be better equipped to leverage
           | AI capabilities to the max.
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | > Why hire an intern or a recent college-grad when they lack
         | both the expertise and experience to do what an AI could
         | probably do?
         | 
         | 1. Because, generally, they don't.
         | 
         | 2. Because an LLM is not a person, it's a chatbot.
         | 
         | 3. "Hire an intern" is that US thing when people work without
         | getting real wages, right?
         | 
         | Grrr :-(
        
           | aianus wrote:
           | Interns make $75k+ in tech in the US. It's definitely not
           | unpaid. In fact my school would not give course credit for
           | internships if they were unpaid.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | I think it's the other way around.
         | 
         | If LLMs continue to become more powerful, hiring more juniors
         | who can use them will be a no-brainer.
        
           | phatfish wrote:
           | Yup, apart from a few companies at the cutting edge the most
           | difficult problems to solve in a work environment are not
           | technical.
        
         | phailhaus wrote:
         | I don't get this because someone has to work with the AI to get
         | the job done. Those are the entry-level roles! The manager
         | who's swamped with work sure as hell isn't going to do it.
        
         | necheffa wrote:
         | > Why hire an intern or a recent college-grad when they lack
         | both the expertise and experience to do what an AI could
         | probably do?
         | 
         | AI can barely provide the code for a simple linked list without
         | dropping NULL pointer dereferences every other line...
         | 
         | Been interviewing new grads all week. I'd take a high
         | performing new grad that can be mentored into the next
         | generation of engineer any day.
         | 
         | If you don't want to do constant hand holding with a "meh"
         | candidate...why would you want to do constant hand holding with
         | AI?
         | 
         | > I often find myself choosing to just use an AI for work I
         | would have delegated to them, because I need it fast and I need
         | it now.
         | 
         | Not sure what you are working on. I would never prioritize
         | speed over quality - but I do work in a public safety context.
         | I'm actually not even sure of the legality of using an AI for
         | design work but we have a company policy that all design
         | analysis must still be signed off on by a human engineer in
         | full as if it were 100% their own.
         | 
         | I certainly won't be signing my name on a document full of AI
         | slop. Now an analysis done by a real human engineer with the
         | aid of AI - sure, I'd walk through the same verification
         | process I'd walk through for a traditional analysis document
         | before signing my name on the cover sheet. And that is
         | something a jr. can bring to me to verify.
        
         | pedalpete wrote:
         | We've been doing the exact opposite for some positions.
         | 
         | I've been interviewing marketing people for the last few months
         | (I have a marketing background from long ago), and the senior
         | people were either way too expensive for our bootstrapped
         | start-up, or not of the caliber we want in the company.
         | 
         | At the same time, there are some amazing recent grads and even
         | interns who can't get jobs.
         | 
         | We've been hiring the younger group, and contracting for a few
         | days a week with the more experienced people.
         | 
         | Combine that with AI, and you've got a powerful combination.
         | That's our theory anyway.
         | 
         | It's worked pretty well with our engineers. We are a team of 4
         | experienced engineers, though as CEO I don't really get to code
         | anymore, and 1 exceptional intern. We've just hired our 2nd
         | intern.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | This is basically what happened after 2008. The entry level
         | jobs college grads did basically disappeared and didn't really
         | come back for many years. So we kind of lost half a generation.
         | Those who missed out are the ones who weren't able to buy a
         | house or start a family and are now in their 40s, destined to
         | be permanent renters who can never retire.
         | 
         | The same thing will happen to Gen Z because of AI.
         | 
         | In both cases, the net effect of this (and the desired outcome)
         | is to suppress wages. Not only of entry-level job but every
         | job. The tech sector is going to spend the next decade clawing
         | back the high costs of tech people from the last 15-20 years.
         | 
         | The hubris here is that we've had a unprecedented boom such
         | that many in the workforce have never experienced a recession,
         | what I'd call "children of summer" (to borrow a George RR
         | Martin'ism). People have fallen into the trap of the myth of
         | meritocracy. Too many people thing that those who are living
         | paycheck to paycheck (or are outright unhoused) are somehow at
         | fault when spiralling housing costs, limited opportunities and
         | stagnant real wages are pretty much responsible for everything.
         | 
         | All of this is a giant wealth transfer to the richest 0.01% who
         | are already insanely wealthy. I'm convinced we're beyond the
         | point where we can solve the problems of runaway capitalism
         | with electoral politics. This only ends in tyranny of a
         | permanent underclass or revolution.
        
         | mirkodrummer wrote:
         | imo comparing entry-level people with ai is very short sighted,
         | I was smarter than every dumb dinosaur at my first job, I was
         | so eager to learn and proactive and positive... i probably was
         | very lucky too but my point is i don't believe this whole thing
         | that a junior is worse than ai, i'd rather say the contrary
        
         | sauercrowd wrote:
         | "intern" and "entry level" are proxies for complexity with
         | these comparisons, not actual seniority. We'll keep hiring
         | interns and entry level positions, they'll just do other
         | things.
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | Companies reducing young hires because of AI are doing it
         | backward. Returns on AI will be accelerated by early-career
         | staff because they are already eagerly using AI in daily life,
         | and have the least attachment to how jobs are done now.
         | 
         | You're probably not going to transform your company by issuing
         | Claude licenses to comfortable middle-aged career professionals
         | who are emotionally attached to their personal definition of
         | competency.
         | 
         | Companies should be grabbing the kids who just used AI to cheat
         | their way through senior year, because that sort of
         | opportunistic short-cutting is exactly what companies want to
         | do with AI in their business.
        
           | sarchertech wrote:
           | If the AI can write code to a level that doesn't need an
           | experienced person to check the output, you don't need tech
           | companies at all.
        
         | anshumankmr wrote:
         | >Not that I'm saying AI is a god-send, but new grads and entry-
         | level roles are kind of screwed.
         | 
         | A company that I know of is having a L3 hiring freeze also and
         | some people are downgraded from L4 to L3 or L5 to L4 also..
         | Getting more work for less cost.
        
         | uludag wrote:
         | I thought the whole idea of automation though was to lower the
         | skill requirement. Everyone compares AI to the industrial
         | revolution and the shift from artisan work to factory work. If
         | this analogy were to hold true, then what employers should
         | actually be wanting is more junior devs, maybe even non-devs,
         | hired at a much cheaper wage. A senior dev may be able to
         | outperform a junior by a lot, but assuming the AI is good
         | enough, four juniors or like 10 non-devs should be able to
         | outperform a senior.
         | 
         | This obviously not being the case shows that we're not in a AI
         | driven fundamental paradigm shift, but rather run of the mill
         | cost cutting measures. Like suppose a tech bubble pops and
         | there are mass layoffs (like the Dotcom bubble). Obviously
         | people will loose their jobs. AI hype merchants will almost
         | definitely try to push the narrative that these losses are from
         | AI advancements in an effort to retain funding.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The real bloodbath will come when coordination between multiple
       | AIs, in a company sense, starts working. Computers have much
       | better I/O than humans. Once a corporate organization can be
       | automated, it will be too fast for humans to participate. There
       | will be no place for slow people.
       | 
       |  _" Move fast and break things"_ - Zuckerberg
       | 
       |  _" A good plan violently executed now is better than a perfect
       | plan executed next week."_ - George S. Patton
        
         | catigula wrote:
         | This doesn't even make sense. What corporations do you think
         | will exist in this world?
         | 
         | You're not going to sell me your SaaS when I can rent AIs to
         | make faster cheaper IP that I actually own to my exact
         | specifications.
        
           | ofjcihen wrote:
           | This is always the indicator I look for whether or not
           | someone actually knows what they're talking about.
           | 
           | If you can't extrapolate on your own thesis you can't be
           | knowledgeable in the field.
           | 
           | Good example was a guy on here who was convinced every
           | company would be ran by one person because of AI. You'd wake
           | up in the morning and decide which products your AI came up
           | with while you slept would be profitable. The obvious next
           | question is "then why are you even involved?"
        
             | catigula wrote:
             | I agree, I was actually leaving the question open-ended
             | because I can't necessarily scale it all the way up, it's
             | too complex. Why would they even rent me AIs when they can
             | just be every company? Who is "they"?
             | 
             | All that needs to be understood is that the narcissistic
             | grandeur delusion that you will singularly be positioned to
             | benefit from sweeping restructuring of how we understand
             | labor must be forcibly divested from some people's brains.
             | 
             | Only a very select few are positioned to benefit from this
             | and even their benefit is only just mostly guaranteed
             | rather than perfectly guaranteed.
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | https://slatestarcodex.com/2016/05/30/ascended-economy/
           | 
           | Robot run iron mine that sells iron ore to a robot run steel
           | mill that sells steel plate to a robot run heavy truck
           | manufacturer that sells heavy trucks to robot run iron mines,
           | etc etc.
           | 
           | The material handling of heavy industry is already heavily
           | automated, almost by definition. You just need to take out
           | the last few people.
        
             | c0redump wrote:
             | Except that robotics technology is completely different
             | from LLMs? Comments of this flavor are such a tell that the
             | commenter has absolutely no idea what they're talking
             | about.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | LLM is going to be used for oppression by every government, not
       | just dictatorships but USA of course
       | 
       | Think of it as an IQ test of how new technology is used
       | 
       | Let me give you an easier example of such a test
       | 
       | Let's say they suddenly develop nearly-free unlimited power, ie.
       | fusion next year
       | 
       | Do you think the world will become more peaceful or much more
       | war?
       | 
       | If you think peaceful, you fail, of course more war, it's all
       | about oppression
       | 
       | It's always about the few controlling the many
       | 
       | The "freedom" you think you feel on a daily basis is an illusion
       | quickly faded
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | Something I've come to realize in the software industry is: if
       | you have more smart engineers than the competition, you win.
       | 
       | If you don't snatch up the smartest engineers before your
       | competition does: you lose.
       | 
       | Therefore at a certain level of company, hiring is entirely
       | dictated by what the competition is doing. If everyone is
       | suddenly hiring, you better start doing it too. If no one is, you
       | can relax, but you could also pull ahead if you decide to hire
       | rapidly, but this will tip off competitors and they too will
       | begin hiring.
       | 
       | Whether or not you have any use for those engineers is
       | irrelevant. So AI will have little impact on hiring trends in
       | this market. The downturn we've seen in the past few years is
       | mostly driven by the interest rate environment, not because AI is
       | suddenly replacing engineers. An engineer using AI gives more
       | advantage than removing an engineer, and hiring an engineer who
       | will use AI is more advantageous than not hiring one at all.
       | 
       | AI is just the new excuse for firing or not hiring people,
       | previously it was RTO but that hype cycle has been squeezed for
       | all it can be.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Without well paid middle classes, who is buying all the fancy
       | goods and services?
       | 
       | Money is just rationing. If you devalue the economy implicitly
       | you accept that, and the consequences for society at large.
       | 
       | Lenin's dictum: _A capitalist will sell you the rope you hang him
       | with_ Comes to mind
        
         | Hilift wrote:
         | > Without well paid middle classes, who is buying all the fancy
         | goods and services?
         | 
         | People charging on their credit cards. Consumers are adding $2
         | billion in new debt every day.
         | 
         | "Total household debt increased by $167 billion to reach $18.20
         | trillion in the first quarter"
         | 
         | https://www.newyorkfed.org/microeconomics/hhdc
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | >Without well paid middle classes, who is buying all the fancy
         | goods and services?
         | 
         | Rich people buying even fancier goods and services. You already
         | see this in the auto industry. Why build a great $20,000 car
         | for the masses when you can make the same revenue selling
         | $80,000 cars to rich people (and at higher margins)? This
         | doesn't work of course when you have a reasonably egalitarian
         | society with reasonable wealth inequality. But the capitalists
         | have figured out how to make 75% of us into willing slaves for
         | the rest. A bonus of this is that a good portion of that 75%
         | can be convinced to go into lifelong debt to "afford" those
         | things they wish they could actually buy, further entrenching
         | the servitude.
        
       | WaltPurvis wrote:
       | I plugged those two quotes from Amodei into ChatGPT along with
       | this prompt: "Pretend you are highly skeptical about the
       | potential of AI, both in general and in its potential for
       | replacing human workers the way Amodei predicts. Write a quick
       | 800-word takedown of his predictions."
       | 
       | I won't paste in the result here, since everyone here is capable
       | of running this experiment themselves, but trust me when I say
       | ChatGPT produced (in mere seconds, of course) an article every
       | bit as substantive and well-written as the cited article. FWIW.
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | Read on about PLTR in recent days - all these government layoffs
       | (including by DOGE well connected to PLTR) with the money
       | redirected toward the Grand Unification Project using PLTR
       | Foundry (with AI) platform.
        
       | chris_armstrong wrote:
       | The wildest claims are those of increased labor productivity and
       | economic growth: if they were true, our energy consumption would
       | be increasing wildly beyond our current capacity to add more
       | (dwarfing the increase from AI itself).
       | 
       | Productivity doesn't increase on its own; economists struggle to
       | separate it from improved processes or more efficient machinery
       | (the "multi factor productivity fudge"). Increased efficiency in
       | production means both more efficient energy use AND being able to
       | use a lot more of it for the same input of labour.
        
       | smeeger wrote:
       | if being redundant would lead to mass layoffs then half of white
       | collar workers would have been laid off decades ago. and white
       | collar people will fiddle with rules and regulations to make
       | their ever more bloated redundancy even more brazen with the
       | addition of AI... and then later when AI has the ability to
       | replace blue collar workers it will do so immediately and swiftly
       | while the white collar people get all the money. its happened a
       | thousand times before and will happen again.
        
       | stephc_int13 wrote:
       | The main culprit behind the hype of the AI revolution is a lack
       | of understanding of its true nature and capabilities. We should
       | know better, Eliza demonstrated decades ago how easily we can be
       | fooled by language, this is different and more useful but we rely
       | so much on language fluency and knowledge retrieval as a proxy
       | for intelligence that we are fooled again.
       | 
       | I am not saying this is a nothing burger, the tech can be applied
       | to many domains and improve productivity, but it does not think,
       | not even a little, and scaling won't make that magically happen.
       | 
       | Anyone paying attention should understand this fact by now.
       | 
       | There is no intelligence explosion in sight, what we'll see
       | during the next few years is a gradual and limited increase in
       | automation, not a paradigm change, but the continuation of a
       | process that started with the industrial revolution.
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | ...everyone here saying "someday AI will <fill in the blank> but
       | not today" while failing to acknowledge that for a lot of things
       | "someday" is 2026, and for an even larger number of things it's
       | 2027, and we can't even predict whether or not in 2028 AI will
       | handle nearly all things...
        
         | causal wrote:
         | The problem is that it's hard to pin down any job that's been
         | eliminated by AI even after years of having LLMs. I'm sure it
         | will happen. It just seems like the trajectory of intelligence
         | defies any simple formula.
        
           | gcanyon wrote:
           | There's definitely an element of what we saw in the '90s --
           | software didn't always make people faster, it made the
           | quality of their output better (wysiwyg page layout, better
           | database tools/validation, spell check in email, etc. etc.).
           | 
           | But we're going to get to a point where "the quality goes up"
           | means the quality exceeds what I can do in a reasonable time
           | frame, and then what I can do in any time frame...
        
           | sfblah wrote:
           | I literally am in the process of firing someone who we no
           | longer need because of efficiencies tied to GenAI. I work at
           | a top-10 tech company. So, there you go. That's one job.
        
       | CSMastermind wrote:
       | Huge amounts of white collar jobs have been automated since the
       | advent of computers. If you look at the work performed by office
       | workers in the 1960s and compared it to what people today do it'd
       | be almost unrecognizable.
       | 
       | They spent huge amounts of time on things that software either
       | does automatically or makes 1,000x faster. But by and large that
       | actually created more white collar jobs because those
       | capabilities meant more was getting done which meant new tasks
       | needed to be performed.
        
         | janalsncm wrote:
         | I don't like this argument because 1) it doesn't address the
         | social consequences of rapid onset and large scale unemployment
         | and 2) there is no law of nature that a job lost here creates a
         | new job there.
         | 
         | On the first point, unemployment during the Great Depression
         | was "only" 30%. And those people were eventually able to find
         | other jobs. Here, we are talking about permanent unemployment
         | for even larger numbers of people.
         | 
         | The Luddites were right. Machines did take their jobs. Those
         | individuals who invested significantly in their craft were
         | permanently disadvantaged. And those who fought against it were
         | executed.
         | 
         | And on point 2, to be precise, a lack of jobs doesn't mean a
         | lack of problems. There are a ton of things society needs to
         | have accomplished, and in a perfect world the guy who was
         | automated out of packing Amazon boxes could open a daycare for
         | low income parents. We just don't have economic models to
         | enable most of those things, and that's only going to get
         | worse.
        
           | ryukoposting wrote:
           | I'll preface this by saying I agree with most of what you
           | said.
           | 
           | It'll be a slow burn, though. The projection of rapid,
           | sustained large-scale unemployment assumes that the
           | technology rapidly ascends to _replace_ a large portion of
           | the population at once. AI is not currently on a path to
           | replacing a generalized workforce. Call center agents, maybe.
           | 
           | Second, simply "being better at $THING" doesn't mean a
           | technology will be adopted, let alone quickly. If that were
           | the case, we'd all have Dvorak keyboards and commuter rail
           | would be ubiquitous.
           | 
           | Third, the mass unemployment situation requires economic
           | conditions where _not_ leveraging a presumably exploitable
           | underclass of unemployed persons is somehow the most
           | profitable choice for the captains of industry. They are
           | exploitable because this is not a welfare state, and our
           | economic safety net is tissue-paper thin. We can, therefore,
           | assume their labor can be had at far less than its real
           | worth, and thus _someone_ will find a way to turn a profit
           | off it. Possibly the Silicon Valley douchebags who caused the
           | problem in the first place.
        
             | t-writescode wrote:
             | > > it doesn't address the social consequences of rapid
             | onset and large scale unemployment
             | 
             | > It'll be a slow burn, though.
             | 
             | Have you been watching the current developer market?
             | 
             | It's really, really rough out here for unemployed software
             | developers.
        
           | ccorcos wrote:
           | What makes you so concerned about rapid onset of we haven't
           | seen any significant change in the (USA) unemployment rate?
           | 
           | And there are some laws of nature that are relevant such as
           | supply-demand economics. Technology often makes things
           | cheaper which unlocks more demand. For example, I'm sure many
           | small businesses would love to build custom software to help
           | them operate but it's too expensive.
        
             | DenisM wrote:
             | It's an interesting argument, thanks.
             | 
             | A good analogy would be web development transition from c
             | to java to php to Wordpress. I feel like it did make web
             | sites creation for small business more accessible. OTOH a
             | parallel trend was also mass-scale production of industry-
             | specific platforms, such as Yahoo Shopping.
             | 
             | It's not clear to me which trend won in the end.
        
               | ccorcos wrote:
               | It's possible that both are true. "Why" questions tend to
               | be mathematically overdetermined. There are many correct
               | explanations (equations) and fewer variables than
               | equations.
        
         | anthomtb wrote:
         | > Huge amounts of white collar jobs have been automated since
         | the advent of computers
         | 
         | One of which was the occupation of being a computer!
        
         | lambdasquirrel wrote:
         | Anecdotal, but AI was what enabled me to learn French, when I
         | was doing that. Before LLMs, I would've had to pay a lot more
         | money to get the class time I'd need, but the availability of
         | Google Translate and DeepL meant that some meaningful, casual
         | learning was within reach. I could reasonably study, try to
         | figure things out, and have questions for the teachers the two
         | or three times a week I had lessons.
         | 
         | Nowadays I'm learning my parents' tongue (Cantonese) and
         | Mandarin. It's just comical how badly the LLMs do sometimes. I
         | swear they roll a natural 1 on a d20 and then just randomly
         | drop a phrase. Or at least that's my head canon. They're just
         | playing DnD on the side.
        
         | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
         | The classic example is the 50's/60's photograph of an entire
         | floor of a tall office building replaced by single spreadsheet.
         | This passed without comment.
        
       | joshdavham wrote:
       | This type of hype is pretty perplexing to me.
       | 
       | Supposing that you are trying to increase AI adoption among
       | white-collar workers, why try to scare the shit out them in the
       | process? Or is he moreso trying to sell to the C-suite?
        
         | taormina wrote:
         | He's selling exclusively to the C-suite. Why would he care
         | about the white collar workers? He wouldn't be trying to put
         | them all out of work if he cares
        
         | chr15m wrote:
         | Because it creates FOMO which creates sales.
        
       | globalnode wrote:
       | i really liked this article, it puts into perspective how great
       | claims require great proof, and so far all we've heard are great
       | claims. i love ml tech but i just dont trust it to replace a
       | human completely. sure it can augment roles but thats not the
       | vision we're being sold.
        
       | osigurdson wrote:
       | The real value is going to be in areas that neither machines nor
       | humans could do previously.
        
       | snowwrestler wrote:
       | Historically, people have been pretty good at predicting the
       | effects of new technologies on existing jobs. But quite bad at
       | predicting the new jobs / careers / industries that are
       | eventually created with those technologies.
       | 
       | This is why free market economies create more wealth over time
       | than centrally planned economies: the free market allows more
       | people to try seemingly crazy ideas, and is faster to recognize
       | good ideas and reallocate resources toward them.
       | 
       | In the absence of reliable prediction, quick reaction is what
       | wins.
       | 
       | Anyway, even if AI does end up "destroying" tons of existing
       | white collar jobs, that does not necessarily imply mass
       | unemployment. But it's such a common inference that it has its
       | own pejorative: Luddite.
       | 
       | And the flip side of Ludddism is what we see from AI boosters
       | now: invoking a massive impact on current jobs as a shorthand to
       | create the impression of massive capability. It's a form of
       | marketing, as the CNN piece says.
        
         | beepbooptheory wrote:
         | So, we are doomed to work forever, just maybe different jobs?
        
           | absurdo wrote:
           | Basically yeah. You live in a world of layered servitude and,
           | short of a financial windfall that hoists you up for some
           | time, you're basically guaranteed to work your entire life,
           | and grow old, frail and poor. This isn't a joke, it's reality
           | for many people that's hidden from us to keep us deluded.
           | Similar to my other mini-rant, I don't have any valid answers
           | to the problem at hand. Just acknowledging how fucked things
           | are for humanity.
        
             | aianus wrote:
             | No, it's quite easy to make $1mm in a rich country and move
             | to a poorer country and chill if you so desire.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | It's not _that_ easy, as in, you can make the money but
               | the logistics of moving and living in another country are
               | always harder than expected, both culturally and
               | bureaucratically.
        
               | Johanx64 wrote:
               | >logistics of moving and living in another country are
               | always harder than expected, both culturally and
               | bureaucratically.
               | 
               | You know what's hard? Moving from a poor "shithole" to a
               | wealthy country, with expensive accommodation, where a
               | month of rent is something you'd save up months for.
               | 
               | Knowing and displaying (faking really) 'correct' cultural
               | status signifiers to secure a good job. And all the
               | associated stress, etc.
               | 
               | Moving the other direction to a low-cost-of-living or
               | poor shithole country is extremely easy in comparison
               | with a fat stack of resources.
               | 
               | You literally don't have to worry about _anything_ in the
               | least.
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | Apart from the tax office suing you in oblivion because
               | the startup you've founded is now worth 10x its revenue,
               | so you need to pay 40% CGT with only 1/10th the income
               | (at least that's the French exit tax).
               | 
               | So basically once you are rich, you have to choose to
               | leave most of it on the table to go to a poor country.
        
               | andrekandre wrote:
               | > make $1mm in a rich country and move to a poorer
               | country and chill if you so desire
               | 
               | i wonder if such trends are good for said poorer country
               | (e.g real estate costs) in the long run?
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > No, it's quite easy to make $1mm in a rich country and
               | move to a poorer country and chill if you so desire.
               | 
               | On an aggregate level this is true and contrary to the
               | prevailing sentiment of doomer skepticism, the developed
               | world is usually still the best place to do it. On an
               | individual level, a lot of things can go wrong between
               | here and a million dollars.
        
               | ta12653421 wrote:
               | ++1
               | 
               | Fun fact what most people ignore: There have been around
               | ~7000 people on Mount Everest - while the US alone has
               | around 300.000 / 350.000 people earning more than 1
               | million USD a year.
               | 
               | So - its clear: Is more easier to become an "income-
               | millionaire" than to climb Mount Everest! :-)
        
           | satvikpendem wrote:
           | Of course. I mean this has never not been the case unless you
           | are independently wealthy. Work always expands, that's why
           | it's a fallacy to think that if we just had more productivity
           | gains that we'd work half the time; no, there are always new
           | things to do tomorrow that were not possible yesterday.
        
           | 77pt77 wrote:
           | Just like the Red Queen.
           | 
           | You have to always keep on moving just to stay in the same
           | place.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | But also it potentially means mass unemployment and we have
         | literally no plan in place if that happens beyond complete
         | societal collapse.
         | 
         | Even if you think all the naysayers are "luddites", do you
         | really think it's a great idea to have no backup plan beyond
         | "whupps we all die or just go back to the Stone Age"?
        
           | ccorcos wrote:
           | > do you really think it's a great idea to have no backup
           | plan
           | 
           | What makes you think people haven't made back up plans?
           | 
           | Or are you saying government needs to do it for us?
        
             | argomo wrote:
             | Ah yes the old "let's make individuals responsible for
             | solving societal problems" bit. Nevermind that the state is
             | sometimes the only entity capable of addressing the
             | situation at scale.
        
               | ccorcos wrote:
               | Yes, I believe individuals should take responsibility for
               | themselves and their future prosperity. We all know what
               | happens when you don't...
               | 
               | History has shown us quite clearly what happens if
               | governments, and not individuals, are responsible for
               | finding employment.
        
               | Voloskaya wrote:
               | I fail to understand what it is you are suggesting a 20
               | something year old is supposed to do to prepare their
               | backup plan.
               | 
               | They should all just find a way be set for life within
               | the next 3 years, is this your proposal ?
        
               | ccorcos wrote:
               | You're supposed to learn skills that others are willing
               | to pay you for.
        
               | Voloskaya wrote:
               | You are a responding in a thread about what to do in the
               | event of AI replacing most humans at skills others are
               | willing to pay for, so clearly, this is a 0 value answer.
        
               | ccorcos wrote:
               | I guess I don't buy into the premise. Aren't there some
               | things you'd prefer to pay a human for than a robot?
               | 
               | I don't think this 3 year timeline is realistic and
               | pondering what we're going to do in 20 years is
               | unpredictable.
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | That is literally part of the deal of not living in a
               | literal dictatorship. It is your responsibility to solve
               | societal problems. I mean, geeze what did they teach in
               | civic classes in your generation?
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | So if you believe that it is your individual
               | responsibility to solve societal problems, and assuming
               | you believe in the possibility of human-driven mitigation
               | of climate change: presumably you individually are
               | solving that, by devoting your life to it? Or do you not
               | _really_ mean it 's your individual responsibility?
        
               | ccorcos wrote:
               | People have freedom to choose their responsibilities.
               | Some choose to work on solving society's problems, others
               | don't.
               | 
               | What's a better alternative?
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | We actually have many backup plans. The most effective ones
           | will be the new business plans that unlock investment which
           | is what creates new jobs. But behind that are a large set of
           | government policies and services that help people who have
           | lost work. And behind that are private resources like
           | charities, nonprofits, even friends and family.
           | 
           | People don't want society to collapse. So if you think it's
           | something that people can prevent, feel comforted that
           | everyone is trying to prevent it.
        
             | alluro2 wrote:
             | Compared to 30-40 years ago, I believe many in the US would
             | argue that society has already collapsed to a significant
             | extent, with regards to healthcare, education, housing,
             | cost of life, homelessness levels etc.
             | 
             | If these mechanisms you mention are in place and
             | functioning, why is there, for example, such large growth
             | of the economic inequality gap?
        
         | nopinsight wrote:
         | My thesis is that this could lead to a booming market for
         | "pink-collar" service jobs. A significant latent demand exists
         | for more and better services in developed countries.
         | 
         | For instance, upper-middle-class and middle-class individuals
         | in countries like India and Thailand often have access to
         | better services in restaurants, hotels, and households compared
         | to their counterparts in rich nations.
         | 
         | Elderly care and health services are two particularly important
         | sectors where society could benefit from allocating a larger
         | workforce.
         | 
         | Many others will have roles to play building, maintaining, and
         | supervising _robots_. Despite rapid advances, they will not be
         | as dexterous, reliable, and generally capable as adult humans
         | for many years to come. (See: Moravec 's paradox).
        
         | digdugdirk wrote:
         | More people need to understand the actual history of the
         | luddites. The real issue was the usage of mechanized equipment
         | to overwhelm an entire sector of the economy of the day -
         | destroying the labor value of a vast swath of craftspeople and
         | knocking them down a peg on the social ladder.
         | 
         | Those people who were able to get work were now subject to a
         | much more dangerous workplace and forced into a more rigid
         | legalized employer/employee structure, which was a relatively
         | new "corporate innovation" in the grand scheme of things. This,
         | of course, allowed/required the state to be on the hook for
         | enforcement of the workplace contract, and you can bet that
         | both public and private police forces were used to enforce that
         | contract with violence.
         | 
         | Certainly something to think about for all the users on this
         | message board who are undoubtedly more highly skilled
         | craftspeople than most, and would never be caught up in a mass
         | economic displacement driven by the introduction of a new
         | technological innovation.
         | 
         | At the very least, it's worth a skim through the Wikipedia
         | article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luddite
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | I think the takeaway is that interest rates have to be
         | maintained relatively high as the ZIRP era has showed that it
         | breaks the free market. There is a reason why the Trump wants
         | to lower the interest rate.
         | 
         | Sure it is painful but a ZIRP economy doesn't listen to the end
         | consumers. No reason to innovate and create crazy ideas if you
         | have plenty of income.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | When steam engines came along, an awful lot of people argued
         | that being able to pump water from mines faster, while
         | inarguably useful, would not have any broad economical impact.
         | Only madmen saw the Newcomen engine and thought "ah,
         | railways!". Those madmen became extraordinarily wealthy. Vast
         | categories of work were eliminated, others were created.
         | 
         | I think this situation is very similar in terms of the
         | underestimation of scope of application, however differs in the
         | availability of new job categories - but then that may be me
         | underestimating new categories which are as yet as unforeseen
         | as stokers and train conductors once were.
        
       | qgin wrote:
       | I often see people say "AI can't do ALL of my job, so that means
       | my job is safe.
       | 
       | But what this means at scale, over time, is that if AI can do 80%
       | of your job, AI will do 80% of your job. The remaining 20% human-
       | work part will be consolidated and become the full time job of
       | 20% of the original headcount while the remaining 80% of the
       | people get fired.
       | 
       | AI does not need to do 100% of any job (as that job is defined
       | today ) to still result in large scale labor reconfigurations.
       | Jobs will be redefined and generally shrunk down to what still
       | legitimately needs human work to get it done.
       | 
       | As an employee, any efficiency gains you get from AI belong to
       | the company, not you.
        
         | sram1337 wrote:
         | ...or your job goes from commanding a $200k/yr salary to
         | $60k/yr. Hopefully that's enough to pay your mortgage.
        
       | tdeck wrote:
       | Maybe someone can help me wrap my head around this in a different
       | way, because here's how I see it.
       | 
       | If these tools are really making people so productive, shouldn't
       | it be painfully obvious in companies' output? For example, if
       | these AI coding tools were an amazing productivity boost in the
       | end, we'd expect to see software companies shipping features and
       | fixes faster than ever before. There would be a huge burst in
       | innovative products and improvements to existing products. And
       | we'd expect that to be in a way that would be obvious to
       | customers and users, not just in the form of some blog post or
       | earnings call.
       | 
       | For cost center work, this would lead to layoffs right away,
       | sure. But companies that make and sell software should be
       | capitalizing on this, and only laying people off when they get to
       | the point of "we just don't know what to do with all this extra
       | productivity, we're all out of ideas!". I haven't seen _one
       | single_ company in this situation. So that makes me think that
       | these decisions are hype-driven short term thinking.
        
         | CMCDragonkai wrote:
         | It's cause there are still bottlenecks. AI is definitely
         | boosting productivity in specific areas, but the total system
         | output is bottlenecked. I think we will see these bottlenecks
         | get rerouted or refactored in the coming years.
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | What do you think the main bottlenecks are right now?
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | Quality control, for one. The state of commercial software
             | is appalling. Writing code itself is not enough to get a
             | useable piece of software.
             | 
             | LLMs are also not very useful for long term strategy or to
             | come up with novel features or combinations of features.
             | They also are not great at maintaining existing code,
             | particularly without comprehensive test suites. They are
             | good at coming up with tests for boiler plate code, but not
             | really for high-level features.
        
               | fhd2 wrote:
               | Considering how software is increasingly made out of
               | seperate components and services, integration testing can
               | become pretty damn difficult. So quite often, the public
               | release is the first serious integration test.
               | 
               | From my experience, this stuff is rarely introduced to
               | save developers from typing in the code for their logic.
               | Actual reasons I observe:
               | 
               | 1. SaaS sales/marketing pushing their offerings on
               | decision makers - software being a pop culture, this
               | works pretty well. It can be hard for internal staff to
               | push back on What Everyone Is Using (TM). Even if it
               | makes little to no sense.
               | 
               | 2. Outsourcing liability, maintenance, and general
               | "having to think about it". Can be entirely valid, but
               | often it indeed comes from an "I don't want to think of
               | it" kind of place.
               | 
               | I don't see this stuff slowing down GenAI or not, mainly
               | because it has usually little to do with saving time or
               | money.
        
             | CMCDragonkai wrote:
             | Informational complexity bottlenecks. So many things are
             | shackled to human decision making loops. If we were truly
             | serious, we would unshackle everything and let it run wild.
             | Would be chaotic, but chaos create strange attractors.
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | > It's cause there are still bottlenecks
           | 
           | How do you know this? What are the bottlenecks?
        
           | _heimdall wrote:
           | > AI is definitely boosting productivity in specific areas
           | 
           | What makes you so sure of the productivity boost when we
           | aren't seeing a change in output?
        
           | jayd16 wrote:
           | We'll take cheaper over faster but is that the case? If it's
           | not cheaper or faster what is the point?
        
         | AznHisoka wrote:
         | "we'd expect to see software companies shipping features and
         | fixes faster than ever before. There would be a huge burst in
         | innovative products and improvements to existing products."
         | 
         | Shipping features faster != innovation or improvements to
         | existing products
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | Granting that those don't fully overlap, is that relevant to
           | the point? I'm not seeing either.
        
             | AznHisoka wrote:
             | Because theyre just pushing out stuff that nobody mighy
             | even need or want to buy. Because its not even necessarily
             | leading to more revenue. Software companies arent
             | factories. More stuff doesnt mean more $$$ made
        
               | ngruhn wrote:
               | Unfortunately, I think it does. Even if customers don't
               | want all that extra stuff and will never use it, it sells
               | better.
        
             | switchbak wrote:
             | Our jobs are full of a lot more than just writing code. In
             | my case it seems like it's helping to accelerate a portion
             | of the dev cycle, but that's a fairly smart portion, say
             | 20%, and even a big impact on that just gets dominated by
             | the other phases that haven't been accelerated.
             | 
             | I'm not as bullish as some are on the impact of AI, but it
             | does feel nice when you can deliver something in a fraction
             | of the time it used to take. For me, it's more useful as a
             | research and idea exploration tool, less so about writing
             | code. Part of that is that I'm in Scala land, so it just
             | tends to not work as well as a more mainstream language.
             | 
             | We haven't used it to help the product management and
             | solution exploration side, which seems to be a big
             | constraint on our execution.
        
           | epgui wrote:
           | And?
        
         | ccorcos wrote:
         | AI tools seem to be most useful for little things. Fixing a
         | little bug, making a little change. But those things aren't
         | always very visible or really move the needle.
         | 
         | It may help you build a real product feature quicker, but AI is
         | not necessarily doing the research and product design which is
         | probably the bottleneck for seeing real impact.
        
           | droopyEyelids wrote:
           | If they're fixing all the little bugs that should give
           | everyone much more time to think about product design and do
           | the research.
        
             | ccorcos wrote:
             | Assuming a well functioning business, yes.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Or a lot of small fixes all over the place. Yet in reality
             | we dont see this anywhere, not sure what exactly that
             | means.
             | 
             | Maybe overall complexity creeping up rolls over any small
             | gains, or devs are becoming more lazy and just copy paste
             | llms output without a serious look at it?
             | 
             | My company didnt even adapt or allow use of llms in any way
             | for anything so far (private client data security is more
             | important than any productivity gains, which anyway seems
             | questionable when looking around.. and serious data
             | breaches can end up with fines in hundreds of millions
             | ballpark easily).
        
               | ccorcos wrote:
               | It's also possible that all of these gains fixing bugs
               | are simply improving infrastructure and stability rather
               | than finding new customers and opening up new markets.
               | 
               | Having worked on software infrastructure, it's a
               | thankless job. You're most heroic work has little
               | visibility and the result is that nothing catastrophic
               | happened.
               | 
               | So maybe products will have better reliability and fewer
               | bugs? And we all know there's crappy software that makes
               | tons of money, so there isn't necessarily a strong
               | correlation.
        
         | wcfrobert wrote:
         | If AI makes everyone 10x engineers, you can 2x the productive
         | output while reducing headcount by 5x.
         | 
         | Luckily software companies are not ball bearings factories.
        
           | tikhonj wrote:
           | unluckily, too many corporate managers seem to think they are
           | :/
        
           | danenania wrote:
           | > If AI makes everyone 10x engineers, you can 2x the
           | productive output while reducing headcount by 5x.
           | 
           | Why wouldn't you just 10x the productive output instead?
        
             | wcfrobert wrote:
             | I don't think it would be trivial to increase demand by 10x
             | (or even 2x) that quickly. Eventually, a publicly traded
             | company will get a bad quarter, at which point it's much
             | easier to just reduce the number of employees. In both
             | scenarios, there's no need for any new-hire.
        
               | danenania wrote:
               | I think there's _always_ demand for more software and
               | more features. Have you ever seen a team without a huge
               | backlog? The demand is effectively infinite.
        
         | bjt12345 wrote:
         | The problem seems to be two-fold.
         | 
         | Firstly, the capex is currently too high for all but the few.
         | 
         | This is a rather obvious statement, sure. But the impact is a
         | lot of companies "have tried language models and they didn't
         | work", and the capex is laughable.
         | 
         | Secondly, there's a corporate paralysis over AI.
         | 
         | I received a panicky policy statement written in legalaise
         | forbidding employees from using LLMs in any form. Written both
         | out of a panic regarding intellectual property leaking but also
         | a panic about how to manage and control staff moving forward.
         | 
         | I think a lot of corporates still clutch at this view that AI
         | will push the workforce costs down and are secretly wasting a
         | lot money failing at this.
         | 
         | The waste is extraordinary, but it's other peoples money (it's
         | actually the shareholders money) and it's seen as being all for
         | a good cause and not something to discuss after it's gone. I
         | can never get it discussed.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, at a grass roots level, I see AI is being embraced
         | and is improving productivity, every second IT worker is using
         | it, it's just that because of this corporate panicking and
         | mismanagement, it's value is not yet measured.
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | This is a good reminder that every org is different. However
           | some companies like Microsoft are aggressively pushing AI
           | tools internally, to a degree that is almost cringe.
        
             | bjt12345 wrote:
             | But this is often a mixture of these two things.
             | 
             | The tools are often cringe because the capex was laughable.
             | E.g. one solution, the trial was done using public LLMs and
             | then they switched over to an internally built LLM which is
             | terrible.
             | 
             | Or, secondly, the process is often cringe because the
             | corporate aims are laughable.
             | 
             | I've had an argument with a manager making a multi-million
             | dollar investment in a zero coding solution that we ended
             | up throwing in the bin years later.
             | 
             | They argued that they are going with this bad product
             | because "they don't want to have to manage a team of
             | developers".
             | 
             | They responded "this product costs millions of dollars, how
             | dare you?"
             | 
             | How dare me indeed...
             | 
             | They promptly left the company but it took 5 years before
             | it was finally canned, and plenty of people wasted 5 years
             | of their career on a dead-end product.
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | I don't want to shill for LLMs-for-devs, but I think this
             | is excellent corporate strategy by Microsoft. They are dog-
             | fooding LLMs-for-devs. In a sense, this is R&D using real
             | world tests. It is a product manager's dream.
             | 
             | The Google web-based office productivity suite is similar.
             | I heard a rumor that at some point Google senior mgmt said
             | that nearly all employees (excluding accounting) must use
             | Google Docs. I am sure that they fixed a huge number of
             | bugs plus added missing/blocking feature, which made the
             | product much more competitive vs MSFT Office. Fifteen years
             | ago, Google Docs was a curiosity -- an experiment for just
             | how complex web apps could become. Today, Google Docs is
             | the premiere choice for _new_ small businesses. It is
             | cheaper than MSFT Office, and  "good enough".
        
               | singron wrote:
               | Google docs has gotten a little better in that time, but
               | it's honestly surprisingly unchanged. I think what really
               | changed is that we all stopped wanting to layout docs for
               | printing and became happier with the simpler feature set
               | (along with collaboration and distribution).
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | > Firstly, the capex is currently too high for all but the
           | few.
           | 
           | > This is a rather obvious statement,
           | 
           | Nobody is saying companies have to make LLMs themselves.
           | 
           | SASS is a thing.
        
             | bjt12345 wrote:
             | By SAAS I assume you mean public LLMs, the problem is the
             | hand-wringing occurring over intellectual property leaking
             | from the company. Companies are actually writing policies
             | banning their use.
             | 
             | In regards to Private LLMs, the situation has become
             | disappointing in the 6 months.
             | 
             | I can only think of Mistral as being a genuine vendor.
             | 
             | But given the limitations in context window size, fine
             | tuning is still necessary, and even that requires capex
             | that I rarely see.
             | 
             | But my comment comes from the fact that I heard from
             | several sources, smart people say "we tried language models
             | at work and it failed".
             | 
             | However in my discussion with them, they have no concept of
             | the size of the datacentres used by the webscalers.
        
               | singron wrote:
               | It's not clear to me that fine-tuning is even capex. If
               | you fine tune new models regularly, that's opex. If you
               | mean literally just the GPUs, you would presumably just
               | rent them right? (Either from cloud providers for small
               | runs or the likes of sfcompute for large runs) Or do you
               | imagine 24/7 training?
        
         | grumpymuppet wrote:
         | The problem with this sort of analysis is that it's incremental
         | and balanced across a large institution usually.
         | 
         | I think the reality is less like a switch and more like there
         | are just certain jobs that get easier and you just need fewer
         | people overall.
         | 
         | And you DO see companies laying off people in large numbers
         | fairly regularly.
        
           | simonsarris wrote:
           | > And you DO see companies laying off people in large numbers
           | fairly regularly.
           | 
           | Sure but, so far, too regularly to be AI-gains-driven (at
           | least in software). We have some data on software job
           | postings and the job apocalypse, and corresponding layoffs,
           | coincided with the end of ultra-low interest rates. If AI had
           | a recent effect this year or last, its quite tiny in
           | comparison.
           | 
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1JmOr
           | 
           | so one can argue more is to come, but its hard to see how its
           | had a real effect on jobs/layoffs thus far.
        
           | hyperadvanced wrote:
           | Layoffs happen because cash is scarce. In fact, cash is so
           | scarce for anything that's not "AI" that it's basically
           | nonexistent for startup fundraising purposes.
        
         | ivape wrote:
         | Companies are not accepting that their entire business will
         | mostly go away. They are mostly frogs boiling in water, that's
         | why they are kinda just incorporating these little chat bots
         | and LLMs into their business, but the truth of the matter is
         | it's all going away and it's impossible to believe. Take
         | something like JIRA, it's entirely laughable because a simple
         | LLM can handle entire project management with freaking voice
         | with zero programming. They just don't believe that's the
         | reality, we're talking about Kodak moment.
         | 
         | Worker productivity is secondary to business destruction, which
         | is the primary event we're really waiting for.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | That's silly. You still need a way to track and prioritize
           | tasks even if you use voice input. Jira may be replaced with
           | something better, built around an LLM from the ground up. But
           | the basic project management requirements will never go away.
        
             | ivape wrote:
             | Yes, that's quite easy. I say "Hey reorganize the tasks
             | like-so, prioritize this, like so", and if I _really_ need
             | to, I can go ahead and hook up some function calls but I
             | suspect this will be unnecessary with a few more LLM
             | iterations (if even that). You can keep running from how
             | powerful these LLMs are, but I 'll just sit and wait for
             | the business/startup apocalypse (which is coming). Jira
             | will not be replaced by something better, it'll be replaced
             | by some weekend project a high schooler makes. The very
             | fact that it's valued at over a billion dollars in the
             | market is just going to be a profound rug pull soon enough.
             | 
             | So let me keep it real, I am shorting Atlassian over the
             | next 5 years. Asana is another, there's plenty of startup
             | IPOs that need to be shorted to the ground basically.
        
               | hooverd wrote:
               | What sort of assurances can I get from that weekend
               | project? I think we're going to build even more obscene
               | towers of complexity as nobody knows how anything works
               | anymore, because they choose not to.
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | What assurances do you get from the internals of an LLM?
        
               | ofjcihen wrote:
               | I think in your rush to respond you may have accidentally
               | made a solid point against your argument.
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | No not really. The people that are behind the LLMs don't
               | really know why it keeps getting better with more compute
               | and data, they are literally just trying shit. Yet, the
               | world has seen just how useful the thing is. We don't
               | have any assurances from the damn thing, yet it's the
               | most useful thing we ever made (at least software-wise).
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | this is a choice to make though... smart teams will know
               | how everything works...
        
               | petersellers wrote:
               | If replacing Jira is really as easy as you claim, then it
               | would have happened by now. At the very least, we'd be
               | getting hit by a deluge of HN posts and articles about
               | how to spin up your very own project management
               | application with an LLM.
               | 
               | I think that this sentiment, along with all of the hype
               | around AI in general, is failing to grasp a lot of the
               | complexity around software creation. I'm not just talking
               | about writing the code for a new application - I'm
               | talking about maintaining that application, ensuring that
               | it executes reliably and correctly, thinking about the
               | features and UX required to make it as frictionless as
               | possible (and voice input isn't the solution there, I'm
               | very confident of that).
        
               | ivape wrote:
               | You are not understanding what I am saying. I am saying
               | its the calm before the storm before everyone realizes
               | they are paying a bunch of startups for literally no
               | comparative value given AI. First the agile people are
               | going to get fired, then the devs are just going to go
               | "oh yeah I just manage everything in my LLM".
               | 
               | I'll be here in a year, we can have this exact discussion
               | again.
        
               | petersellers wrote:
               | I understand what you are saying, I just don't agree with
               | it.
               | 
               | "AI" is not going to wholesale replace software
               | development anytime soon, and certainly not within a
               | year's time because of the reasons I mentioned. The way
               | you worded your post made it sound like you believed that
               | capability was already here - nevertheless, whether you
               | think it's here now or will be here in a year, both
               | estimates are way off IMO.
        
               | theshackleford wrote:
               | > I'll be here in a year
               | 
               | Me too. Mostly so I can laugh though.
        
               | subpixel wrote:
               | I agree with you to a point.
               | 
               | In smaller businesses some roles won't need to be hired
               | anymore.
               | 
               | Meanwhile in big corps, some roles may transition from
               | being the source of presumed expertise to being one neck
               | to choke.
               | 
               | I'd love it not to be true, but the truth is Jira is to
               | projects what Slack/Teams are to messaging. When
               | everybody is a project manager Jira gets paid more, not
               | less.
        
               | zelphirkalt wrote:
               | If there was only one consequence, and that consequence
               | is Jira and Atlassian being destroyed, then I am all for
               | it!
               | 
               | Realistically though, they might incorporate that high
               | schooler's software into Jira, to make it even more
               | bloated and they will sell it to your employer soon
               | enough! Then team lead Chris will enter your birthday and
               | your vacation days in it too, to enable it to also do
               | vacation planning, without asking you. Next thing is,
               | that Atlassian sells you out and you receive unsolicited
               | AI calls for your holiday planning.
        
           | badsectoracula wrote:
           | > Take something like JIRA, it's entirely laughable because a
           | simple LLM can handle entire project management with freaking
           | voice with zero programming
           | 
           | When I used a not-so-simple LLM to make it act as a text
           | adventure game it could barely keep track of the items in my
           | inventory, so TBH i am a little bit skeptical that an LLM can
           | handle entire project management - even without voice.
           | 
           | Perhaps it might be able to use tools/MCP/RPC to call out to
           | real project management software and pretend to be your
           | accountant/manager/whoever, but i wouldn't call that the LLM
           | itself doing the project management task - and someone would
           | need to write that project management software.
        
             | ivape wrote:
             | There are innovative ways to accomplish the consistency you
             | seek for the example application you mentioned. They are
             | coming a lot sooner than you think, but hey this thread is
             | a bit of a poker game before the flop, I'm just placing my
             | bet - you can call the bluff.
             | 
             | We just have to wait for the cards to flip, and that's
             | happening on a quadratic curve (some say exponential).
        
         | kraig911 wrote:
         | Effort in this equation isn't measured in man hours saved but
         | dollars saved. We all know this is BS and isn't going to
         | manifest this way. It's tantamount for giving framers a nailgun
         | versus a hammer. We'll still be climbing the same rafters and
         | doing the same work.
        
         | topspin wrote:
         | "shouldn't it be painfully obvious in companies' output?"
         | 
         | No.
         | 
         | The bottleneck isn't intellectual productivity. The bottleneck
         | is a legion of other things; regulation, IP law, marketing,
         | etc. The executive email writers and meeting attenders have a
         | swarm of business considerations ricocheting around in their
         | heads in eternal battle with each other. It takes a lot of
         | supposedly brilliant thinking to safely monetize all the
         | things, and many of the factors involved are not manifest in
         | written form anywhere, often for legal reasons.
         | 
         | One place where AI is being disruptive is research: where
         | researchers are applying models in novel ways and making
         | legitimate advances in math, medicine and other fields. Another
         | is art "creatives": graphic artists in particular. They're
         | early victims and likely to be fully supplanted in the near
         | future. A _little_ further on and it 'll be writers, actors,
         | etc.
        
           | ImaCake wrote:
           | Maybe this means that LLMs are ultimately good for _small_
           | buisness. If large buisness is constrained by being large and
           | LLMs are equally accesible to 5 people or 100 then surely
           | what we will see is increased productivity in small
           | companies?
        
             | topspin wrote:
             | My direct experience has been that even _very_ small tech
             | businesses contend with IP issues as well. And they don 't
             | have the means to either risk or deliberately instigate a
             | fight.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | Even still, in theory this should free up more money to hire
           | more lawyers, markerters, etc. The effect should still be
           | there presuming the market isn't saturated with new ideas .
        
             | xkcd1963 wrote:
             | Something else will get expensive in the meantime, e.g. it
             | doesn't matter how much you earn, landlords will always
             | increase rent to the limit because a living space is a
             | basic necessity
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | No, landlords will increase rent as much as they can
               | because they like money (they call it capitalism for a
               | reason). This is true of all goods, both essential and
               | non-essential. All businesses follow the rule of supply
               | and demand when setting prices or quickly go out of
               | business.
               | 
               | In the scenario being discussed - if a bunch of companies
               | hired a whole bunch of lawyers, markerters, etc that
               | might make salaries go up due to increased demand (but
               | probably not super high amoung as tech isnt the only
               | industry in the world). That still first requires
               | companies to be hiring more of these types of people for
               | that effect to happen, so we should still see some of the
               | increased output even if there is a limiting factor. We
               | would also notice the salaray of those professions going
               | up, which so far hasn't happened.
        
               | xkcd1963 wrote:
               | you say no for no reason. read what I wrote again
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Perhaps you could more clearly articulate your point if
               | you think i am missing it.
        
           | SteveNuts wrote:
           | >A little further on and it'll be writers, actors, etc.
           | 
           | The tech is going to have to be absolutely flawless,
           | otherwise the uncanny-valley nature of AI "actors" in a movie
           | will be as annoying as when the audio and video aren't
           | perfectly synced in a stream. At least that's how I see it..
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | This was made a little over a week ago: https://www.reddit.
             | com/r/IndiaTech/comments/1ksjcsr/this_vid...
             | 
             | For most of them I'm not seeing any of those issues.
        
               | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
               | I get what you mean, but the last year has been a story
               | of sudden limits and ceilings of capability. The (damned
               | impressive) video you post is a bunch of extremely brief
               | snippets strung together. I'm not yet sure we can move
               | substantially beyond that to something transformative or
               | pervasively destructive.
               | 
               | A couple years ago, we thought the trend was without
               | limits - a five second video would turn into a five
               | minute video, and keep going from there. But now I wonder
               | if perhaps there are built in limits to how far things
               | can go without having a data center with a billion Nvidia
               | cards and a dozen nuclear reactors serving them power.
               | 
               | Again, I don't know the limits, but we've seen in the
               | last year some sudden walls pop up that change our sense
               | of the trajectory down to something less "the future is
               | just ten months away."
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | Approximately 1 second was how long AI could hold it
               | together. If you had a lot of free time you could extend
               | that out a bit, but it'll mess something up. So generally
               | people who make them will run it slow-motion. This is the
               | first clip I've seen with it at full speed.
               | 
               | The quick cuts thing is a huge turnoff so if they have a
               | 15 second clip later on, I missed it.
               | 
               | When I say "1second" I mean that's what I was doing with
               | automatic1111 a couple years ago. And every video I've
               | seen is the same 30-60 generated frames...
        
               | meander_water wrote:
               | I wonder if this is going to change the ad/marketing
               | industry. People generally put up with shitty ads, and
               | these will be much cheaper to produce. I dread what's
               | coming next.
        
               | IncreasePosts wrote:
               | There might be a reason it is a series of 3 second clips
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | > where researchers are applying models in novel ways and
           | making legitimate advances in math, medicine and other
           | fields.
           | 
           | Can you give an example, say in Medicine, where AI made a
           | significant advancement? That is we are talking neural
           | networks and up (ie: LLM) and not some local optimization.
        
             | pkroll wrote:
             | https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.10849
             | 
             | "Our study suggests that LLMs have achieved superhuman
             | performance on general medical diagnostic and management
             | reasoning"
        
               | squigz wrote:
               | This isn't really applying LLMs to research in novel
               | ways.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | > One place where AI is being disruptive is research: where
           | researchers are applying models in novel ways and making
           | legitimate advances in math, medicine and other fields.
           | 
           | Great point. The perfect example: (From Wiki):
           | > In 2024, Hassabis and John M. Jumper were jointly awarded
           | the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their AI research
           | contributions for protein structure prediction.
           | 
           | AFAIK: They are talking about DeepMind AlphaFold.
           | 
           | Related: (Also from Wiki):                   > Isomorphic
           | Labs Limited is a London-based company which uses artificial
           | intelligence for drug discovery. Isomorphic Labs was founded
           | by Demis Hassabis, who is the CEO.
        
             | SirHumphrey wrote:
             | I think AlphaFold is where current AI terminology starts
             | breaking down. Because in some real sense, AlphaFold is
             | primarily a statistical model - yes, it's interesting that
             | they developed it using ML techniques, but from the use
             | standpoint it's little different than perturbation based
             | black boxes that were used before that for 20 years.
             | 
             | Yes, it's an example of ML used in science (other examples
             | include NN based force fields for molecule dynamics
             | simulations and meteorological models) - but a biologist or
             | meteorologist usually cares little how the software package
             | they are using works (excluding the knowledge of different
             | limitation of numerical vs statistical models).
             | 
             | The whole thing "but look AI in science" seem to me like
             | Motte-and-bailey argument to imply the use of AGI-like MLLM
             | agents that perform independent research - currently a much
             | less successful approach.
        
               | vhcr wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_effect
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Yeah, but also AI now means LLMs and they're not LLMs.
        
           | pera wrote:
           | Bullshit: Chatbots are not failing to demonstrate a tangible
           | increase in companies' output because of regulations and IP
           | law, they are failing because they are still not good for the
           | job.
           | 
           | LLMs only exist because the companies developing them are so
           | ridiculously powerful that can completely ignore the rule of
           | law, or if necessary even change it (as they are currently
           | trying to do here in Europe).
           | 
           | Remember we are talking about a technology created by
           | torrenting 82 TB of pirated books, and that's just one single
           | example.
           | 
           | "Steal all the users, steal all the music" and then lawyer
           | up, as Eric Schmidt said at Stanford a few months ago.
        
           | throwawayffffas wrote:
           | The things you mention in the legion of other things are
           | actually things LLMs do better than intellectual
           | productivity. They can spew entire libraries of marketing bs,
           | summarize decades of legal precedents and fill out mountains
           | of red tape checklists.
           | 
           | They have trouble with debugging obvious bugs though.
        
           | Teever wrote:
           | Maybe in some industries and for some companies and their
           | products but not all.
           | 
           | Like let's take operating systems as an example. If there are
           | great productivity gains from LLMs while aren't companies
           | like Apple, Google and MS shipping operating systems with
           | vastly less bugs and cleaning up backlogged user feature
           | requests?
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | > shipping features and fixes faster than ever before
         | 
         | Meanwhile Apple duplicated my gf's contract, creating duplicate
         | birthdays on my calendar. It couldn't find duplicates despite
         | matching name, nickname, phone number, birthdays, and that both
         | contacts were associated with her Apple account. I manually
         | merged and ended up with 3 copies of her birthday in my
         | calendar...
         | 
         | Seriously, this shit can be solved with a regex...
         | 
         | The number of issues like these I see is growing exponentially,
         | not decreasing. I don't think it's AI though, because it
         | started before that. I think these companies are just
         | overfitting whatever silly metrics they have decided are best
        
         | econ wrote:
         | The days of hating on idea men seem over.
         | 
         | I don't get it either. You hire someone in the hope for ROI.
         | Some things work some kinda don't. Now people will be n times
         | more productive therefore you should hire fewer people??
         | 
         | That would mean you have no ideas. It says nothing about the
         | potential.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | Reistically its because layoffs have a high reputational cost.
         | AI provides an excuse that lets companies do lay offs without
         | suffering the reputation hit. In essence AI hype makes layoffs
         | cheaper.
         | 
         | Doesnt really matter if AI actually works or not.
        
           | zelphirkalt wrote:
           | I would dispute, that there is no reputation cost, when you
           | replace human work with LLMs.
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | Sure, i don't think its none, just less.
             | 
             | It also matters a bit where the reputation cost hits.
             | Layoffs can spook investors because it makes it look like
             | the company is doing poorly. If the reputation hit for ai
             | is to non-investors, then it probably matters less.
        
         | strangattractor wrote:
         | Most significant technology takes almost a generation to be
         | fully adopted. I think it is unlikely we are seeing the full
         | effect of LLM's at the moment.
         | 
         | Content producers are blocking scrapers of their sites to
         | prevent AI companies from using their content. I would not
         | assume that AI is either inevitable or on a easy path to
         | adoption. AI certainly isn't very useful if what it "knows" is
         | out of date.
        
           | asadotzler wrote:
           | In 10 years with the same amount of money and time that's
           | been pumped into AI, still a financial black hole, we had the
           | entire broadband internet build out completed and the
           | internet was responsible for adding a trillion dollars a year
           | to the global economy.
        
         | autobodie wrote:
         | No, we would see profits increase, and we have been seeing
         | profits increase.
        
         | throwaway2037 wrote:
         | Regarding the impact of LLMs on non-programming tasks, check
         | out this one:
         | 
         | https://www.ft.com/content/4f20fbb9-a10f-4a08-9a13-efa1b55dd...
         | > The bank [Goldman Sachs] now has 11,000 engineers among its
         | 46,000 employees, according to [CEO David] Solomon, and is
         | using AI to help draft public filing documents.              >
         | The work of drafting an S1 -- the initial registration
         | prospectus for an IPO -- might have taken a six-person team two
         | weeks to complete, but it can now be 95 per cent done by AI in
         | minutes, said Solomon.              > "The last 5 per cent now
         | matters because the rest is now a commodity," he said.
         | 
         | In my eyes, that is major. Junior ibankers are not cheap --
         | they make about 150K USD per year minimum (total comp).
        
           | fourside wrote:
           | This is certainly interesting and I don't want to readily
           | dismiss it, but I sometimes question how reliable these CEO
           | anecdotes are. There's a lot of pressure to show Wallstreet
           | that you're at the forefront of the AI revolution. It doesn't
           | mean no company is achieving great results but that it's hard
           | to separate the real anecdotes from the hype.
        
           | asadotzler wrote:
           | Claims by companies with an interest in AI without supporting
           | documentation are just that, claims, and probably more PR and
           | marketing than anything.
        
         | wiseowise wrote:
         | I will never understand this argument. If you have a super
         | tool, that can magically double your output, why would you
         | suddenly double your output publicly? So that you now work
         | twice essentially for the same money? You use it to work less,
         | your output stays static or marginally improves - that's smart
         | play.
         | 
         | Note: I'm talking about your run of the mill SE waggie work,
         | not startups where your food is based on your output.
        
           | conradkay wrote:
           | That only works if you're one of very few people with the
           | tool. Otherwise the rest of your team is now 2x as productive
           | as you.
        
             | wiseowise wrote:
             | That's assuming they were as productive as me in the first
             | place.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | How would you know? What if they are following your
               | strategy and are hiding their "power level"?
        
               | wiseowise wrote:
               | If they were hiding their "power level" and maintaining
               | my or pre my "power level", what incentive do they have
               | to suddenly double it if they were hiding it in the first
               | place?
        
         | casualscience wrote:
         | In big companies, this is a bit slower due to the need to
         | migrate entrenched systems and org charts into newer workflows,
         | but I think you are seeing more productivity there too. Where
         | this is much more obvious is in indie games and software where
         | small agile teams can adopt new ways of working quickly...
         | 
         | E.g. look at the indie games count on steam by year:
         | https://steamdb.info/stats/releases/?tagid=492
        
           | bojan wrote:
           | The number of critically acclaimed games remains the same
           | though. So for now we're getting quantity, but not the
           | quality.
        
         | hansmayer wrote:
         | Well, it sort of evens out. You see the developers are pushed
         | to use the AI to generate a lot of LoC-Slop, but then they have
         | to fix all the bugs, security issues and hallucinated packages
         | that were thrown in by the magic-machines. But at least some
         | deluded MBA can BS about being "AI-first".
        
         | acrooks wrote:
         | I wonder if some of this output will take a while to be visible
         | en masse.
         | 
         | For example, I founded a SaaS company late last year which has
         | been growing very quickly. We are track to pass $1M ARR before
         | the company's first birthday. We are fully bootstrapped, 100%
         | founder owned. There are 2 of us. And we feel confident we
         | could keep up this pace of growth for quite a while without
         | hiring or taking capital. (Of course, there's an argument that
         | we could accelerate our growth rate with more cash/human
         | resources)
         | 
         | Early in my career, at different companies, we often solved
         | capacity problems by hiring. But my cofounder and I have been
         | able to turn to AI to help with this, and we keep finding
         | double digit percentage productivity improvements without
         | investing much upfront time. I don't think this would have been
         | remotely possible when I started my career, or even just a few
         | years ago when AI hadn't really started to take off.
         | 
         | So my theory as to why it doesn't appear to be "painfully
         | obvious": you've never heard of most of the businesses getting
         | the most value out of this technology, because they're all too
         | small. On average, the companies we know about are large. It's
         | very difficult for them to reinvent themselves on a dime to
         | adapt to new technology - it takes a long time to steer a ship
         | - so it will take a while. But small businesses like mine can
         | change how we work today and realize the results tomorrow.
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | Curious, if you don't mind mentioning what AIs you're using
           | (besides the obvious Claude, etc) and what for to augment
           | your reach?
        
         | diego_moita wrote:
         | That is a smart question.
         | 
         | In 1987 the economist Robert Solow said "You can see the
         | computer age everywhere but in the productivity statistics".
         | 
         | We should remark he said this long before the internet, web and
         | mobile, so probably the remark needs an update.
         | 
         | However, I think it cuts through the salesmen hype. Anytime we
         | see these kinds of claims we should reply "show me the
         | numbers". I'll wait until economists make these big claims,
         | will not trust CEOs and salesmen.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > so probably the remark needs an update
           | 
           | Only if you want to add "internet, web, and mobile" before
           | "age". Otherwise it doesn't need any change.
           | 
           | But that phrase is about the productivity statistics, not
           | about computers or actual productivity.
        
         | zkry wrote:
         | I find that this is on point. I've seen a lot of charts on the
         | AI-hype side of things showing exponential growth of AI agent
         | fleets being used for software development (starting in 2026 of
         | course). Take this article for example:
         | https://sourcegraph.com/blog/revenge-of-the-junior-developer
         | 
         | Ok, so by 2027 we should be having fleets of autonomous AI
         | agents swarming around every bug report and solving it x times
         | faster than a human. Cool, so I guess by 2028 buggy software
         | will be a thing of the past (for those companies that fully
         | adopt AI of course). I'm so excited for a future where IT
         | projects stop going overtime and overbudget and deliver more
         | value than expected. Can you blame us for thinking this is too
         | good to be true?
        
         | vharish wrote:
         | Overall, the amount of code that's being deployed to production
         | has definitely increased.
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | This is like asking if tariffs are so bad, why don't you notice
         | large price swings in your local grocer right now?
         | 
         | In complex systems, you can't necessarily perceive the result
         | of large internal changes, especially not with the tiny amount
         | of vibes sampling you're basing this on.
         | 
         | You really don't have the pulse on how fast the average company
         | is shipping new code changes, and I don't see why you think you
         | would know that. Shipping new public end-use features isn't
         | even a good signal, it's a downstream product and a small
         | fraction of software written.
         | 
         | It's like thinking you are picking up a vibe related to changes
         | in how many immigrants are coming into the country month to
         | month when you walk around the mall.
        
         | mNovak wrote:
         | I mean, if a mega corp like Google or Amazon had plus/minus 10%
         | of their headcount, as a lay observer I don't think I'd really
         | be able to detect the difference in output either.
         | 
         | That doesn't mean it isn't a real productivity gain, but it
         | might be spread across enough domains (bugs, features, internal
         | tools, experiments) to not be immediately or "painfully
         | obvious".
         | 
         | It'll probably get more obvious if we start to see uniquely
         | productive small teams seeing success. A sort of "vibe-code
         | wonder".
        
         | antithesizer wrote:
         | Before enterprise AI systems are allowed to spread their wings,
         | first they need to support existing processes. Once they're
         | able to generate the same customer-facing results relatively
         | autonomously, then they'll have the opportunity to improve
         | those results. So the first place to look for their impact is,
         | I'd wager, cost-cutting. So watch those quarterly earnings
         | reports.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | Productivity results in increased profit, not necessarily
         | output. They don't need to innovate, make new products, or
         | improve things. They just need to make their shit cheaper so
         | their profit margin is higher. If you can just keep churning
         | out more money, there is no need to improve anything.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | I don't think extra productivity in software development ever
         | reflected in established companies building things faster.
         | 
         | The more likely scenario is that if those tools make developer
         | so much more productive, we would see a large surge in new
         | companies, with 1 to 3 developers creating things that were
         | deemed too hard for them to do.
         | 
         | But it's still possible that we didn't give people enough time
         | yet.
        
         | whstl wrote:
         | Any boost of productivity in the coding part is quickly
         | absorbed by other inefficiencies in the software-making
         | process, unfortunately.
         | 
         | AI also helps immensely in creating those other inefficiencies.
        
       | arthurcolle wrote:
       | https://github.com/arthurcolle/mlx.erl
        
       | simonsarris wrote:
       | I think the real white collar bloodbath is that the end of ZIRP
       | was the end of infinite software job postings, and the start of
       | layoffs. I think its easy to now point to AI, but it seems like a
       | canard for the huge thing that already happened.
       | 
       | just look at this:
       | 
       | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1JmOr
       | 
       | In terms of magnitude the effect of this is just enormous and
       | still being felt, and never recovered to pre-2020 levels. It may
       | never. (Pre-pandemic job postings indexed to 100, its at 61 for
       | software)
       | 
       | Maybe AI is having an effect on IT jobs though, look at the
       | unique inflection near the start of 2025:
       | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1JmOv
       | 
       | For another point of comparison, construction and nursing job
       | postings are higher than they were pre-pandemic (about 120 and
       | 116 respectively, where pre-pandemic was indexed to 100. Banking
       | jobs still hover around 100.)
       | 
       | I feel like this is almost going to become lost history because
       | the AI hype is so self-insistent. People a decade from now will
       | think Elon slashed Twitter's employee count by 90% because of
       | some AI initiative, and not because he simply thought he could
       | run a lot leaner. We're on year 3-4 of a lot of other companies
       | wondering the same thing. Maybe AI will play into that
       | eventually. But so far companies have needed no such crutch for
       | reducing headcount.
        
         | leflambeur wrote:
         | It's simply the old Capital vs Labor struggle. CEOs and VCs all
         | sing in the same choir, and for the past 3 years the tune is
         | "be leaner".
         | 
         | p.s.: I'm a big fan of yours on Twitter.
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | > the tune is "be leaner".
           | 
           | Seems like they're happy to start cutting limbs to lose
           | weight. It's hard to keep cutting fat if you've been
           | aggressively cutting fat for so long. If the last CEO did
           | their job there shouldn't be much fat left
        
             | leflambeur wrote:
             | yet this will continue until it grounds to a halt.
             | 
             | It's amazing and cringy the level of parroting performed by
             | executives. Independent thought is very rare amongst
             | business "leaders".
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Let's make the laptops thinner. This way we can clean the
               | oil off of the keyboard, putting it on the screen.
               | 
               | At this point I'm not sure it's lack of independent
               | thought so much as lack of thought. I'm even beginning to
               | question if people even use the products they work on.
               | Shouldn't there be more pressure from engineers at this
               | point? Is it yes men from top to bottom? Even CEOs seem
               | to be yes men in response to share holders but that's
               | like being a yes man to the wind.
               | 
               | When I bring this stuff up I'm called negative, a
               | perfectionist, or told I'm out of touch with customers
               | and or understand "value". Idk, maybe they're right. But
               | I'm an engineer. My job is to find problems and fix them.
               | I'm not negative, I'm trying to make the product better.
               | And they're right, I don't understand value. I'm an
               | engineer, it's not my job to make up a number about how
               | valuable some bug fix is or isn't. What is this, "Whose
               | Line Is It Anyways?" If you want made up dollar values go
               | ask the business monkeys, I'm a code monkey
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | > I'm an engineer, it's not my job to make up a number
               | about how valuable some bug fix is or isn't.
               | 
               | So you think all bugs are equally important to fix?
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | No, of course not. That would be laughably absurd. So do
               | you think I'm trolling or you're misunderstanding?
               | Because who isn't familiar with triage?
               | 
               | Do you think every bug's monetary value is perfectly
               | aligned with user impact? Certainly that isn't true. If
               | it were we'd be much better at security and would be more
               | concerned with data privacy. There's no perfect metric
               | for anything, and it would similarly be naive to think
               | you could place a dollar value on everything, let alone
               | accurately. That's what I'm talking about.
               | 
               | My main concern as an engineer is making the best product
               | I can.
               | 
               | The main concern of the manager is to make the best
               | business.
               | 
               | Don't get confused and think those are the same things.
               | Hopefully they align, but they don't always.
        
             | chii wrote:
             | > If the last CEO did their job there shouldn't be much fat
             | left
             | 
             | funny how that fat analogy works...because the head (brain)
             | has a lot more fat content than muscles/limbs.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | I never thought to extend the analogy like that, but I
               | like it. It's showing. I mean look how people think my
               | comments imply I don't know what triage is. Not knowing
               | that would be counter to everything I'm saying, which is
               | that a lot of these value numbers are poor guestimates at
               | best. Happens every time I bring this up. It's absurd to
               | think we could measure everything in terms of money. Even
               | economists will tell you that's silly
        
           | saubeidl wrote:
           | Except Labor in Tech is unique in that it has zero class
           | consciousness and often actively roots for their exploiters.
           | 
           | If we were to unionize, we could force this machine to a halt
           | and shift the balance of power back in our favor.
           | 
           | But we don't, because many of us have been brainwashed to
           | believe we're on the same side as the ones trying to squeeze
           | us.
        
             | GoblinSlayer wrote:
             | >If we were to unionize
             | 
             | Last time it was tried the union coerced everyone to root
             | for their exploiters. People that unionize aren't magically
             | different.
        
               | le-mark wrote:
               | What "last time" are you referring to specifically?
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | I am also curious.
        
         | digitcatphd wrote:
         | As of now yes. But we are still in day 0.1 of GenAI. Do you
         | think this will be the case when o3 models are 10x better and
         | 100x cheaper? There will be a turning point but it's not
         | happened yet.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | 10x better by what metric? Progress on LLMs has been amazing
           | but already appears to be slowing down.
        
             | jaggederest wrote:
             | All these folks are once again seeing the first 1/4 of a
             | sigmoid curve and extrapolating to infinity.
        
               | drodgers wrote:
               | No doubt from me that it's a sigmoid, but how high is the
               | plateau? That's also hard to know from early in the
               | process, but it would be surprising if there's not a fair
               | bit of progress left to go.
               | 
               | Human brains seem like an existence proof for what's
               | possible, but it would be surprising if humans also
               | represent the farthest physical limits of what's
               | technologically possible without the constraints of
               | biology (hip size, energy budget etc).
        
               | leoedin wrote:
               | Biological muscles are proof that you can make incredibly
               | small and forceful actuators. But the state of robotics
               | is nowhere near them, because the fundamental
               | construction of every robotic actuator is completely
               | different.
               | 
               | We've been building actuators for 100s of years and we
               | still haven't got anything comparable to a muscle. And
               | even if you build a better hydraulic ram or brushless
               | motor driven linear actuator you will still never achieve
               | the same kind of behaviour, because the technologies are
               | fundamentally different.
               | 
               | I don't know where the ceiling of LLM performance will
               | be, but as the building blocks are fundamentally
               | different to those of biological computers, it seems
               | unlikely that the limits will be in any way linked to
               | those of the human brain. In much the same way the best
               | hydraulic ram has completely different qualities to a
               | human arm. In some dimensions it's many orders of
               | magnitudes better, but in others it's much much worse.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Biological muscles come with a lot of baggage, very
               | constrained operating environments, and limited
               | endurance.
               | 
               | It's not just that 'we don't know how to build them',
               | it's that the actuators aren't a standalone part - and we
               | don't know how to build (or maintain/run in industrial
               | enviroments!) the 'other stuff' economically either.
        
               | audunw wrote:
               | I don't think it's hard to know. We're already seeing
               | several signs of being near the plateau in terms of
               | capabilities. Most big breakthrough these days seems to
               | be in areas where we haven't spent the effort in training
               | and model engineering. Like recent improvements in video
               | generation. So of course we could get improvements in
               | areas where we haven't tried to use ML yet.
               | 
               | For text generation, it seems like the fast progress was
               | mainly due to feeding the models exponentially more data
               | and exponentially more compute power. But we know that
               | the growth in data is over. The growth in compute has a
               | shifted from a steep curve (just buy more chips) to a
               | slow curve (have to make exponentially more factories if
               | we want exponentially more chips)
               | 
               | Im sure we will have big improvements in efficiency. Im
               | sure nearly everyone will use good LLMs to support them
               | in their work, and they may even be able to do all they
               | need to do on-device. But that doesn't make the models
               | significantly smarter.
        
               | jaggederest wrote:
               | The wonderful thing about a sigmoid is that, just as it
               | seems like it's going exponential, it goes back to
               | linear. So I'd guess we're not going to see 1000x from
               | here - I could be wrong, but I think the low hanging
               | fruit has been picked. I would be surprised in 10 years
               | if AI were 100x better than it is now (per watt, maybe,
               | since energy devoted to computing is essentially the
               | limiting factor)
               | 
               | The thing about the latter 1/3rd of a sigmoid curve is,
               | you're still making good progress, it's just not easy any
               | more. The returns have begun to diminish, and I do think
               | you could argue that's already happening for LLMs.
        
               | GoblinSlayer wrote:
               | Human brains are easy to do, just run evolution for
               | neural networks.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | Progress so far has been half and half technique and
               | brute force. Overall technique has now settled for a few
               | years, so that's mostly in the tweaking phase. Brute
               | force doesn't scale by itself _and_ semiconductors have
               | been running into a wall for the last few years. Those
               | (plus stagnating outcomes) seem decent reasons to suspect
               | the plateau is neigh.
        
             | elif wrote:
             | with autonomous vehicles, the narrative of imperceptibly
             | slow incremental change about chasing 9's is still the
             | zeitgeist despite an actual 10x improvement in homicidality
             | compared to humans already existing.
             | 
             | There is a lag in how humans are reacting to AI which is
             | probably a reflexive aspect of human nature. There are so
             | many strategies being employed to minimize progress in a
             | technology which 3 years ago did not exist and now
             | represents a frontier of countless individual disciplines.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | This is my favorite thing to point out from the day we
               | started talking about autonomous vehicles on tech sites.
               | 
               | If you took a Tesla or a Waymo and dropped into into a
               | tier 2 city in India, it will stop moving.
               | 
               | Driving data is cultural data, not data about pure
               | physics.
               | 
               | You will never get to full self driving, even with more
               | processing power, because the underlying assumptions are
               | incorrect. Doing more of the same thing, will not achieve
               | the stated goal of full self driving.
               | 
               | You would need to have something like networked driving,
               | or government supported networks of driving information,
               | to deal with the cultural factor.
               | 
               | Same with GenAI - the tooling factor will not magically
               | solve the people, process, power and economic factors.
        
               | binoct wrote:
               | One of my favorite things to question about autonomous
               | driving is the goalposts. What do you mean the "stated
               | goal of full self driving", which is unachievable? Any
               | vehicle, anywhere in the world, in any conditions? That
               | seems an absurd goal that ignores the very real value in
               | having vehicles that do not require drivers and are safer
               | than humans but are limited to certain regions.
               | 
               | Absolutely driving is cultural (all things people do are
               | cultural) but given 10's of millions of miles driven by
               | Waymo, clearly it has managed the cultural factor in the
               | places they have been deployed. Modern autonomous driving
               | is about how people drive far more than the rules of the
               | road, even on the highly regulated streets of western
               | countries. Absolutely the constraints of driving in
               | Chennai are different, but what is fundamentally
               | different? What leads to an impossible leap in processing
               | power to operate there?
        
               | LegionMammal978 wrote:
               | > What do you mean the "stated goal of full self
               | driving", which is unachievable? Any vehicle, anywhere in
               | the world, in any conditions? That seems an absurd goal
               | that ignores the very real value in having vehicles that
               | do not require drivers and are safer than humans but are
               | limited to certain regions.
               | 
               | I definitely recall reading some thinkpieces along the
               | lines of "In the year 203X, there will be no more human
               | drivers in America!" which was and still is clearly
               | absurd. Just about any stupidly high goalpost you can
               | think of has been uttered by someone in the world early
               | on.
               | 
               | Anyway, I'd be interested in a breakdown on reliability
               | figures in urban vs. suburban vs. rural environments, if
               | there is such a thing, and not just the shallow take of
               | "everything outside cities is trivial!" I sometimes see.
               | Waymo is very heavily skewed toward (a short list of)
               | cities, so I'd question whether that's just a matter of
               | policy, or whether there are distinct challenges outside
               | of them. Self-driving cars that only work in cities would
               | be useful to people living there, but they wouldn't
               | displace the majority of human driving-miles like some
               | want them to.
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | I mean, even assuming the technical challenges to self-
               | driving can be solved, it is obvious that there will
               | still be human drivers because some humans enjoy driving,
               | just as there are still people who enjoy riding horses
               | even after cars replaced horses for normal transport
               | purposes. Although as with horses, it is possible that
               | human driving will be seen as secondary and limited to
               | minor roads in the future.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | I'd apprecite that we dont hurry past the acknowledgement
               | that self driving will be a cultural artifact. Its been
               | championed as a purely technical one, and pointing this
               | out has been unpopular since day 1, because it didn't gel
               | with the zeitgeist.
               | 
               | As others will attest, when adherence to driving rules is
               | spotty, behavior is highly variable and unpredictable.
               | You need to have a degree of straight up agression, if
               | you want to be able to handle an auto driver who is
               | cheating the laws of physics.
               | 
               | Another example of something thats obvious based on
               | crimes in India; people can and will come up to your car
               | during a traffic jam, tap your chassis to make it sound
               | like there was an impact, and then snatch your phone from
               | the dashboard when you roll your window down to find out
               | what happened.
               | 
               | This is simply to illustrate and contrast how pared down
               | technical intuitions of "driving" are, when it comes to
               | self driving discussions.
               | 
               | This is why I think level 5 is simply not happening,
               | unless we redefine what self driving is, or the approach
               | to achieving it. I feel theres more to be had from a
               | centralized traffic orchestration network that
               | supplements autonomous traffic, rather than trying to
               | solve it onboard the vehicle.
        
               | atleastoptimal wrote:
               | Why couldn't an autonomous vehicle adapt to different
               | cultures? American driving culture has specific qualities
               | and elements to learn, same with India or any other
               | country.
               | 
               | Do you really think Waymos in SF operate solely on
               | physics? There are volumes of data on driver behavior,
               | when to pass, change lanes, react to aggressive drivers,
               | etc.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | Because this statement, unfortunately, ends up moving the
               | underlying goal posts about what self driving IS.
               | 
               | And the point that I am making, is that this view was
               | never baked into the original vision of self driving,
               | resulting in predictions of a velocity that was simply
               | impossible.
               | 
               | Physical reality does not have vibes, and is more
               | amenable to prediction, than human behavior. Or Cow
               | behavior, or wildlife if I were to include some other
               | places.
        
               | huntertwo wrote:
               | Marketers gonna market. But if we ignore the semantics of
               | what full self driving actually means for a minute, there
               | is still a lot of possibilities for self driving in the
               | future. It takes longer than we perceive initially
               | because we don't have insight into the nuances needed to
               | achieve these things. It's like when you plan a software
               | project, you think it's going to take less time than it
               | does because you don't have a detailed view until you're
               | already in the weeds.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | To quote someone else, if my grandmother had wheels, she
               | would be a bicycle.
               | 
               | This is a semantic discussion, because it is about what
               | people mean when they talk about self driving.
               | 
               | Just ditching the meaning is unfair, because goddamit,
               | the self driving dream was awesome. I am hoping to be
               | proved wrong, but not because we moved our definition.
               | 
               | Carve a separate category out, which articulates the
               | updated assumptions. Redefining it is a cop out and dare
               | I say it, unbecoming of the original ambition.
               | 
               | Networked Autonomous vehicles?
        
               | huntertwo wrote:
               | Yeah exactly. It's kind of absurd to take the position
               | that it's impossible to have "full self driving" because
               | Indian driving is different than American driving. You
               | can just change the model you're using. You can have the
               | model learn on the fly. There are so many possibilities.
        
               | yusina wrote:
               | > You would need to have something like networked
               | driving, or government supported networks of driving
               | information, to deal with the cultural factor.
               | 
               | Or _actual_ intelligence. That observes its surroundings
               | and learns what 's going on. That can solve generic
               | problems. Which is the definition of intelligence. One of
               | the obvious proofs that what everybody is calling "AI" is
               | fundamentally not intelligent, so it's a blatant
               | misnomer.
        
               | gwicks56 wrote:
               | "If you took a Tesla or a Waymo and dropped into into a
               | tier 2 city in India, it will stop moving."
               | 
               | Lol. If you dropped the average westerner into Chennai,
               | they would either: a) stop moving b) kill someone
        
               | yusina wrote:
               | > a technology which 3 years ago did not exist
               | 
               | Decades of machine learning research would like to have a
               | word.
        
           | nothercastle wrote:
           | I think they will be 10-100x cheaper id be really surprised
           | if we even doubled the quality though
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | How does it work if they get 10x better in 10 years ?
           | Everything else will have already moved on and the actual
           | technology shift will come from elsewhere.
           | 
           | Basically, what if GenAI is the Minitel and what we want is
           | the internet.
        
           | directevolve wrote:
           | We're already heading toward the sigmoid plateau. The GPT 3
           | to 4 shift was massive. Nothing since had touched that. I
           | could easily go back to the models I was using 1-2 years ago
           | with little impact on my work.
           | 
           | I don't use RAG, and have no doubt the infrastructure for
           | integrating AI into a large codebase has improved. But the
           | base model powering the whole operation seems stuck.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | > I don't use RAG, and have no doubt the infrastructure for
             | integrating AI into a large codebase has improved
             | 
             | It really hasn't.
             | 
             | The problem is that a GenAI system needs to not only
             | understand the large codebase but also the latest stable
             | version of every transitive dependency it depends on. Which
             | is typically in the order of hundreds or thousands.
             | 
             | Having it build a component with 10 year old, deprecated,
             | CVE-riddled libraries is of limited use especially when
             | libraries tend to be upgraded in interconnected waves. And
             | so that component will likely not even work anyway.
             | 
             | I was assured that MCP was going to solve all of this but
             | nope.
        
               | HumanOstrich wrote:
               | How did you think MCP was going to solve the issue of a
               | large number of outdated dependencies?
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Those large number of outdated dependencies are in the
               | LLM "index" which can't be rapidly refreshed because of
               | the training costs.
               | 
               | MCP would allow it to instead get this information at
               | run-time from language servers, dependency repositories
               | etc. But it hasn't proven to be effective.
        
             | chrsw wrote:
             | > I could easily go back to the models I was using 1-2
             | years ago with little impact on my work.
             | 
             | I can't. GPT-4 was useless for me for software development.
             | Claude 4 is not.
        
               | directevolve wrote:
               | Interesting, what type of dev work do you do? Performance
               | does vary widely across languages and domains.
        
               | chrsw wrote:
               | Embedded software for robotics.
        
           | apwell23 wrote:
           | > Do you think this will be the case when o3 models are 10x
           | better and 100x cheaper?
           | 
           | why don't you bring it up then.
           | 
           | > There will be a turning point but it's not happened yet.
           | 
           | do you know something that rest of us don't ?
        
           | ricardobayes wrote:
           | Frankly, we don't know. That "turning point" that seemed so
           | close for many tech, never came for some of them. Think
           | 3D-printing that was supposed to take over manufacturing. Or
           | self-driving, that is "just around the corner" for a decade
           | now. And still is probably a decade away. Only time will tell
           | if GenAI/LLMs are color TV or 3D TV.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | > Think 3D-printing that was supposed to take over
             | manufacturing.
             | 
             | 3D printing is making huge progress in heavy industries.
             | It's not sexy and does not make headlines but it absolutely
             | is happening. It won't replace traditional manufacturing at
             | huge scales (either large pieces or very high throughput).
             | But it's bringing costs way down for fiddly parts or
             | replacements. It is also affecting designs, which can be
             | made simpler by using complex pieces that cannot be
             | produced otherwise. It is not taking over, because it is
             | not a silver bullet, but it is now indispensable in several
             | industries.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | You're misunderstanding the parent's complaint and
               | frankly the complaints with AI. Certainly 3D printing is
               | powerful and hasn't changed things. But you forgot that
               | 30 years ago people were saying there would be one in
               | every house because a printer can print a printer and how
               | this would revolutionize everything because you could
               | just print anything at home.
               | 
               | The same thing with AI. You'd be blind or lying if you
               | said it hasn't advanced a lot. People aren't denying
               | that. But people are fed up being constantly being
               | promised the moon and getting a cheap plastic replica
               | instead.
               | 
               | The tech is rapidly advancing and doing good. But it just
               | can't keep up with the bubble of hype. That's the
               | problem. The hype, not the tech.
               | 
               | Frankly, the hype harms the tech too. We can't solve
               | problems with the tech if we're just throwing most of our
               | money at vaporware. I'm upset with the hype BECAUSE I
               | like the tech.
               | 
               | So don't confuse the difference. Make sure you understand
               | what you're arguing against. Because it sounds like we
               | should be on the same team, not arguing against one
               | another. That just helps the people selling vaporware
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | How are we in 0.1 of GenAI ? It's been developed for nearly a
           | decade now.
           | 
           | And each successive model that has been released has done
           | nothing to fundamentally change the use cases that the
           | technology can be applied to i.e. those which are tolerant of
           | a large percentage of incoherent mistakes. Which isn't all
           | that many.
           | 
           | So you can keep your 10x better and 100x cheaper models
           | because they are of limited usefulness let alone being a
           | turning point for anything.
        
             | Flemlo wrote:
             | A decade?
             | 
             | The explosion of funding, awareness etc only happened after
             | gpt-3 launch
        
               | hyperadvanced wrote:
               | Funding is behind the curve. Social networks existed in
               | 2003 and Facebook became a billion dollar company a
               | decade later. AI horror fantasies from the 90's still
               | haven't come true. There is no god, there is no Skynet.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | That was five years ago not yesterday.
        
               | Flemlo wrote:
               | I didn't say yesterday.
               | 
               | Nonetheless it took openai til Nov 2022 for 1 Million
               | users.
               | 
               | The overall awareness and breakthrough was probably not
               | at 2020.
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | Yet we're what? 5 years into "AI will replace programmers in
           | 6 months"?
           | 
           | 10 years into "we'll have self driving cars next year"
           | 
           | We're 10 years into "it's just completely obvious that within
           | 5 years deep learning is going to replace radiologists"
           | 
           | Moravec's paradox strikes again and again. But this time it's
           | different and it's completely obvious now, right?
        
             | tsunamifury wrote:
             | It's hilarious how absurdly wrong you are here. Both of
             | those things have happened and you don't even know it.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Where did it happen?
               | 
               | They try it, but it's not reliable
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | I named 3 things...
               | 
               | You're going to have to specify which 2 you think
               | happened
        
               | seanhunter wrote:
               | I consulted a radiologist more than 5 years after Hinton
               | said that it was completely obvious that radiologists
               | would be replaced by AI in 5 years. I strongly suspect
               | they were not an AI.
               | 
               | Why do I think this?
               | 
               | 1) They smelled slightly funny. 2) They got the diagnosis
               | wrong.
               | 
               | OK maybe #2 is a red herring. But I stand by the other
               | reason.
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | I know a radiologist and talk a decent bit about AI usage
               | in the field. Every radiologist today is making heavy use
               | of AI. They pre screen everything and from what I
               | understand it has led to massive productivity gains. It
               | hasnt led to job losses yet but theres so much money on
               | the line it really feels to me like we're just waiting
               | for the straw that broke the camels back. No one wants to
               | be the first to fully get rid of radiologists but once
               | one hospital does the rest will quickly follow suit.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | One word - liability.
        
               | fulafel wrote:
               | The quote appears to be "We should stop training
               | radiologists now, it's just completely obvious within
               | five years deep learning is going to do better than
               | radiologists."
               | 
               | So there's some room for interpretation, the weaker
               | interpretation is less radical (that AI could beat humans
               | in radiology tasks in 5 years).
        
               | hengheng wrote:
               | I have a fusion reactor to sell to you.
        
               | laserlight wrote:
               | Some people are ahead of you by 3.5 years [0]:
               | 
               | > Helion has a clear path to net electricity by 2024, and
               | has a long-term goal of delivering electricity for 1 cent
               | per kilowatt-hour. (!)
               | 
               | [0] https://blog.samaltman.com/helion
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | You're missing the big picture. Helion can still make
               | their goal. Once they have a working fusion reactor they
               | can use the energy to build a time machine.
        
               | laserlight wrote:
               | Of course, silly me. I should put more practice time into
               | 4D chess.
        
               | alphager wrote:
               | We're halfway into 2025 and you're cutting a goal they
               | should have reached by 2024. Did they reach that goal?
        
               | laserlight wrote:
               | They didn't reach that goal. Why would they bother
               | reaching an easier goal when they could shoot for a
               | bigger one? /s Their new goal is to build a fusion plant
               | by 2028 [0].
               | 
               | [0] https://observer.com/2025/01/sam-altman-nuclear-
               | fusion-start...
        
               | apwell23 wrote:
               | did you by any chance send money to nigerian prince ?
        
             | jjani wrote:
             | > Yet we're what? 5 years into "AI will replace programmers
             | in 6 months"?
             | 
             | Realistically, we're 2.5 years into it at most.
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | No, the hype cycle started around 2019, slowly at first.
               | The technology this is built with is more like 20 years
               | old, so no, we are not 2.5 years at most really.
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | we're 2.5 years into the current hype trend, no way was
               | this mainstream until at least 2022
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | GPT3 dropped in 2020. That's when it hit mainstream
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | As far as I've seen we appear to already have self driving
             | vehicles, the main barriers are legal and regulatory
             | concerns rather than the tech. If a company wanted to put a
             | car on the road that beetles around by itself there aren't
             | any crazy technical challenges to doing that - the issue is
             | even if it was safer than a human driver the company would
             | have a lot of liability problems.
        
               | apwell23 wrote:
               | > the main barriers are legal and regulatory concerns
               | rather than the tech
               | 
               | they have failed in sfo, phoenix and other cities that
               | rolled red carpet for them
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | Pretty solid evidence that self driving cars already
               | exist though.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | I remember one reason phoenix was chosen as a trial
               | location coz it was supposed to be one of the easiest
               | places to drive.
               | 
               | It's pretty damning that it failed there.
        
               | jkestner wrote:
               | Yeah, it's a big grid with wide streets. Did it fail
               | there? If so I imagine it's just due to lack of business
               | --there are almost no taxis in Phoenix. Mostly just from
               | the airport.
        
               | laserlight wrote:
               | When people say "we'll have self-driving cars next year",
               | I understand that self-driving cars will be widespread in
               | the developed world and accessible to those who pay a
               | premium. Given the status quo, I find it pointless to
               | discuss the semantics of whether they exist or not.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Especially considering it would be weird to say "we'll
               | have <something> next year" when we've technically had it
               | for decades.
               | 
               | And more specifically, I'm referencing Elon where the
               | context is that its going to be a software push into
               | Teslas that people already own
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | As prototypes, yes. But that's like pointing to Japanese
               | robots in the 80's and expecting robot butlers any day
               | now. Or maybe Boston dynamics 10 years ago. Or when
               | OpenAI was into robotics.
               | 
               | There's a big gap between seeing something work in the
               | lab and being ready for real world use. I know we do this
               | in software, but that's a very abnormal thing (and
               | honestly, maybe not the best)
        
               | xnx wrote:
               | Waymo is doing 250k paid rides/week.
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | You're confusing "exist" with "viable".
               | 
               | When someone talks about "having" self-driving cars next
               | year, they're not talking about what are essentially
               | pilot programs.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | I don't think that is a reasonable generalisation. A lot
               | of people would have been talking about the first person
               | to take a real trip in a car that drives itself. A record
               | that is in the past.
               | 
               | Not to mention that HN gets really tetchy about achieving
               | specifically SAE Level 6 when in practice some pretty
               | basic driver assist tools are probably closer to what
               | people meant. It reminds me of a gentlemen I ran into who
               | was convinced that the OpenAI DoTA bot with a >99% win
               | rate couldn't really be said to be playing the game. If
               | someone can take their hands off the wheel for 10 minutes
               | we're there in a common language sense; the human in the
               | car isn't actively in control.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | Good point. On the "exist" interpretation, we've "had"
               | flying cars for several decades.
        
               | RivieraKid wrote:
               | This is just not true, Waymo, MobilEye, Tesla and Chinese
               | companies are not bottlenecked by regulations but by high
               | failure rate and / or economics.
        
               | jeffreygoesto wrote:
               | What? If that stuff works, no liability will have to be
               | executed. How can you state that it works and claim
               | liability problems at the same time?
        
               | risyachka wrote:
               | They are only self-driving in a very controlled
               | environments of few very good mapped out cities with good
               | roads in good weather.
               | 
               | And it took what like 2 decades to get there. So no, we
               | don't have self-driving even close. Those examples look
               | more like hard-coded solution for custom test cases.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | Four years into people mocking "we'll have self driving
             | cars next year" while they are on the street daily driving
             | around SF.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | I'm quoting Elon.
               | 
               | I don't care about SF. I care about what I can but as a
               | typical American. Not as an enthusiast in one of the most
               | technologically advanced cities on the planet
        
               | horns4lyfe wrote:
               | They're in other cities too...
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Other cities still isn't available to average American.
               | 
               | You read the words but missed their meaning
        
               | xorcist wrote:
               | They are self driving the same way a tram or subway can
               | be self driving. They traffic a tightly bounded
               | designated area. They're not competing with human
               | drivers. Still a marvel of human engineering, just quite
               | expensive compared with other forms of public transport.
               | It just doesn't compete in the same space and likely
               | never will.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | They are literally competing with human uber drivers in
               | the area they operate and also having a much lower crash
               | and injury rate.
               | 
               | I admit they don't operate everywhere - only certain
               | routes. Still they are undoubtedly cars that drive
               | themselves.
               | 
               | I imagine it'll be the same with AGI. We'll have robots /
               | AIs that are much smarter than the average human and
               | people will be saying they don't count because humans win
               | X Factor or something.
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | How are they competing, if their routes are limited?
        
               | mediaman wrote:
               | The cotton gin processed short fiber cotton, but not long
               | fiber cotton.
               | 
               | Did the cotton gin therefore not compete with human
               | labor?
        
               | chipsrafferty wrote:
               | Self-driving vehicles can only exist in cities of extreme
               | wealth like SF. Try running them in Philadelphia and see
               | what happens.
        
               | hansvm wrote:
               | They're driving, but not well in my (limited)
               | interactions with them. I had a waymo run me completely
               | out of my lane a couple months ago as it interpreted 2
               | lanes of left turn as an extra wide lane instead (or,
               | worse, changed lanes during the turn without a blinker or
               | checking its sensors, though that seems unlikely).
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Yes, but ...
               | 
               | The argument that self-driving cars should be allowed on
               | public roads as long as they are statistically as safe as
               | human drivers (on average) seems valid, but of course
               | none of these cars have AGI... they perform well in the
               | anticipated simulator conditions in which they were
               | trained (as long as they have the necessary sensors, e.g.
               | Waymo's lidar, to read the environment in reliable
               | fashion), but will not perform well in
               | emergency/unanticipated conditions they were not trained
               | on. Even outside of emergencies, Waymos still sometimes
               | need to "phone home" for remote assistance in knowing
               | what to do.
               | 
               | So, yes, they are out there, perhaps as safe on average
               | as a human (I'd be interested to see a breakdown of the
               | stats), but I'd not personally be comfortable riding in
               | one since I'm not senile, drunk, teenager, hothead,
               | distracted (using phone while driving), etc - not part of
               | the class that are dragging the human safety stats down.
               | I'd also not trust a Tesla where penny pinching, or just
               | arrogant stupidity, has resulted in a sensor-poor design
               | liable to failure modes like running into parked trucks.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | In my lens, as long as companies don't want to be held
               | liable for an accident, the shouldn't be on roads. They
               | need to be extremely confident to the point of putting
               | their money where their mouths are. That's true "safety".
               | 
               | That's the main difference with a human driver. If I take
               | an Uber and we crash, that driver is liable. Waymo would
               | fight tooth and nail to blame anything else.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Mercedes is doing this for specific places and
               | conditions.
        
               | jkestner wrote:
               | I'd not personally be comfortable riding in one since I'm
               | not senile, drunk, teenager, hothead, distracted (using
               | phone while driving), etc - not part of the class that
               | are dragging the human safety stats down.
               | 
               | The challenge is that most people think they're better
               | than average drivers.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | I'm not sure what the "challenge" is there, but certainly
               | true in terms of human psychology.
               | 
               | My point was that if you are part of one of these
               | accident-prone groups, you are certainly worse than
               | average, and are probably safer (both for yourself, and
               | everyone around you) in a Waymo. However, if you are an
               | intelligent non-impaired experienced driver, then maybe
               | not, and almost certainly not if we're talking about
               | emergency and dangerous situations which is where it
               | really matters.
        
               | YokoZar wrote:
               | How can you know if you're a good driver in an emergency
               | situation? We don't exactly get a lot of practice.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Sure, you don't know how well any specific driver is
               | going to react in an emergency situation, and some are
               | going to be far worse than others (e.g. panicking, or not
               | thinking quickly enough), but the human has the advantage
               | of general intelligence and therefore NOT having to rely
               | on having had practice at the specific circumstance they
               | find themselves in.
               | 
               | A recent example - a few weeks ago I was following
               | another car in making a turn down a side road, when
               | suddenly that car stops dead (for no externally apparent
               | reason), and starts backing up fast about to hit me. I
               | immediately hit my horn and prepare to back up myself to
               | get out of the way, since it was obvious to me - as a
               | human - that they didn't realize I was there, and without
               | intervention would hit me.
               | 
               | Driving away I watch the car in my rear view mirror and
               | see it pull a U-turn to get back out of the side road,
               | making it apparent why they had stopped before. I learned
               | something, but of course the driverless car is incapable
               | of learning, and certainly has no theory of mind, and
               | would behave same as last time - good or bad - if
               | something similar happened again.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | I basically agree with you, and I think the thing that is
             | missing from a bunch of responses that disagree is that it
             | seems fairly apparent now that AI has largely hit a brick
             | wall in terms of the benefits of scaling. That is, most
             | folks were pretty astounded by the gains you could get from
             | just stuffing more training data into these models, but
             | like someone who argues a 15 year old will be 50 feet tall
             | based on the last 5 years' growth rate, people who are
             | still arguing that past growth rates will continue apace
             | don't seem to be honest (or aware) to me.
             | 
             | I'm not at all saying that it's impossible some improvement
             | will be discovered in the future that allows AI progress to
             | continue at a breakneck speed, but I am saying that the
             | "progress will only accelerate" conclusion, based primarily
             | on the progress since 2017 or so, is faulty reasoning.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | > it seems fairly apparent now that AI has largely hit a
               | brick wall in terms of the benefits of scaling
               | 
               | What's annoying is plenty of us (researchers) predicted
               | this and got laughed at. Now that it's happening, it's
               | just quiet.
               | 
               | I don't know about the rest, but I spoke up because I
               | didn't want to hit a brick wall, I want to keep going! I
               | still want to keep going! But if accurate predictions
               | (with good explanations) aren't a reason to shift
               | resource allocation then we just keep making the same
               | mistake over and over. We let the conmen come in and
               | people who get too excited by success that they get blind
               | to pitfalls.
               | 
               | And hey, I'm not saying give _me_ money. This account is
               | (mostly) anonymous. There 's plenty of people that made
               | accurate predictions and tried working in other
               | directions but never got funding to test how methods
               | scale up. We say there's no alternatives but there's been
               | nothing else that's been given a tenth of the effort.
               | Apples and oranges...
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | > What's annoying is plenty of us (researchers) predicted
               | this and got laughed at. Now that it's happening, it's
               | just quiet.
               | 
               | You need to model the business world and management more
               | like a flock of sheep being herded by forces that mostly
               | don't have to do with what _actually_ is going to happen
               | in future. It makes a lot more sense.
        
               | cgio wrote:
               | Practically no one is herded by what is actually going to
               | happen, hardly even by what is expected to happen.
               | Business pretends that it is driven by expectations, but
               | is mostly driven by the past, as in financial statements.
               | What is the bonus we can get _this_ year? There is of
               | course the strategic thinking, I don 't want to discount
               | that part of business, but it is not the thing that will
               | drive most of these, AI as a cost saving measure,
               | decisions. This is the unimaginative part of AI
               | application and as such relegated to the unimaginative
               | managers.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | > It is difficult to get a man to understand something,
               | when his salary depends on his not understanding it."
               | 
               | It's all a big hype bubble and not only is no one in the
               | industry willing to pop it, they actively defend against
               | popping a bubble that is clearly rupturing on its own.
               | It's endemic of how modern businesses no longer care
               | about a proper 10 year portfolio and more about how to
               | make the next quarter look good.
               | 
               | There's just no skin in the game, and everyone's
               | ransacking before the inevitable fire instead of figuring
               | out how to prevent the fire to begin with.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | > mostly don't have to do with what actually is going to
               | happen
               | 
               | Yet I'm talking about what _did_ happen.
               | 
               | I'm saying we should have memory. Look at predictions
               | people make. Reward accurate ones, don't reward failures.
               | Right now we reward whoever makes the craziest
               | predictions. It hasn't always been this way, so we should
               | go back to less crazy
        
               | brrt wrote:
               | Sure, you were right.
               | 
               | But if you had been wrong and we would now have had
               | superintelligence, the upside for its owners would
               | presumably be great.
               | 
               | ... Or at least that's the hypothesis. As a matter of
               | fact intelligence is only somewhat useful in the real
               | world :-)
        
               | generic92034 wrote:
               | I am not sure the owners would keep being that in case of
               | real superintelligence, though.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | > What's annoying is plenty of us (researchers) predicted
               | this and got laughed at. Now that it's happening, it's
               | just quiet.
               | 
               | Those people always do that. Shouting about
               | cryptocurrencies and NFTs from the rooftops 3-4 years
               | ago, now completely gone.
               | 
               | I suspect they're the same people, basically get rich
               | quick schemers.
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | I dont see any wall. Gemini 2.5 and o3/o4 are incredible
               | improvements. Gen AI is miles ahead of where it was a
               | year ago which was miles ahead of where it was 2 years
               | ago.
        
               | asadotzler wrote:
               | The improvements have less to do with scaling than adding
               | new techniques like better fine tuning and reinforcement
               | learning. The infinite scaling we were promised, that
               | only required more content and more compute to reach god
               | tier has indeed hit a wall.
        
               | dismalaf wrote:
               | The actual LLM part isn't much better than a year ago.
               | What's better is that they've added additional logic and
               | made it possible to intertwine traditional, expert-system
               | style AI plus the power of the internet to augment LLMs
               | so that they're actually useful.
               | 
               | This is an improvement for sure, but LLMs themselves are
               | definitely hitting a wall. It was predicted that scaling
               | alone would allow them to reach AGI level.
        
               | mark_l_watson wrote:
               | I basically agree with you also, but I have a somewhat
               | contrarian view of scaling -> brick wall. I feel like
               | applications of powerful local models is stagnating,
               | perhaps because Apple has not done a good job so far with
               | Apple Intelligence.
               | 
               | A year ago I expected a golden age of local model
               | intelligence integrated into most software tools, and
               | more powerful commercial tools like Google Jules to be
               | something used perhaps 2 or 3 times a week for specific
               | difficult tasks.
               | 
               | That said, my view of the future is probably now wrong, I
               | am just saying what I expected.
        
             | hansmayer wrote:
             | 100% this. I always argue that groundbreaking technologies
             | are _clearly_ groundbreaking from the start. It is almost a
             | bit like a film, if you have to struggle to get into it in
             | the first few minutes, you may as well spare yourself
             | watching the rest.
        
             | gardenhedge wrote:
             | Over ten years for the we'll have self driving car spiel
        
           | croes wrote:
           | If not when.
        
           | solumunus wrote:
           | I use LLM's daily and live them but at the current rate of
           | progress it's just not really something worth worrying about.
           | Those that are hysterical about AI seem to think LLM's are
           | getting exponentially better when in fact diminishing returns
           | are hitting hard. Could some new innovation change that? It's
           | possible but it's not inevitable or at least not necessarily
           | imminent.
        
             | kbelder wrote:
             | I agree that the core models are only going to see slow
             | progression from here on out, until something revolutionary
             | happens... which might be a year from now, or maybe twenty
             | years. Who knows.
             | 
             | But we are going to see a huge explosion in how those
             | models are integrated into the rest of the tech ecosystem.
             | Things that a current model could do right now, if only
             | your car/watch/videogame/heart monitor/stuffed animal had a
             | good working interface into an AI.
             | 
             | Not necessarily looking forward to that, but that's where
             | the growth will come.
        
           | AvAn12 wrote:
           | Remember when RPA was going to replace everyone?
        
             | AvAn12 wrote:
             | Or low-code / no-code?
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | There's a lot of "when" people are betting on, and not a lot
           | of action to back it. If "when" is 20 years, then I still got
           | plenty career ahead of me before I need to worry about that.
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | > 5 years into "AI will replace programmers in 6 months"?
           | 
           | Programmers that don't use AI will get replaced by those that
           | do. (no just by mandate, but by performance)
           | 
           | > 10 years into "we'll have self driving cars next year"
           | 
           | They're here now. Waymo does 250K paid rides/week.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | Honestly, if anything i think AI is going to reverse the trend.
         | Someone is going to have to be hired to clean up after them.
        
           | tempodox wrote:
           | _If_ anyone will actually bother with cleaning up.
        
           | xkcd1963 wrote:
           | Thats the impression I got. Things overall get just worse in
           | quality because people rely too much on low wages and copy
           | pasting LLM answers
        
             | autobodie wrote:
             | Get worse for who? The ruling class will simply never care
             | how bad things get for working people if things are getting
             | better for the ruling class.
        
               | xkcd1963 wrote:
               | I meant just regular products as example if I login to
               | bitpanda on browser the parts that would hold the
               | translation hold the keys for translations instead. Just
               | countless examples and many security issues as well.
               | 
               | Regarding class struggle I think class division always
               | existed but we the mass have all the tools to improve our
               | situation.
        
               | shswkna wrote:
               | The central problem with this statement is that we expect
               | others to care, but we do not expect this from ourselves.
               | 
               | We have agency. Whether we are brainwashed or not. If we
               | cared about ourselves, then we don't need another class,
               | or race, or whatever _other_ grouping to do this for us.
        
             | hattmall wrote:
             | I think that's true in software development. A lot of the
             | focus is on coding because that's really the domain of the
             | people interested in AI, because ultimately they ARE
             | software. But the killer app isn't software, it's anything
             | where the operation is formulaic, but the formula can be
             | tedious to figure out, but once you know it you can confirm
             | that it's correct by working backwards. Software has far
             | too many variables, not least of which is the end user. On
             | the other hand things like accounting, finance, and
             | engineering are far more suitable for trained models and
             | back testing for conformity.
        
           | notepad0x90 wrote:
           | I think they said that about outsourcing software dev jobs.
           | The reality is somewhere in the middle. extreme cases will
           | need cleanup but overall it's here to stay, maybe with more
           | babysitting.
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | I think the reality is Lemon Market Economics. We'll
             | sacrifice quality for price. People want better quality but
             | the truth is that it's a very information asymmetric game
             | and it's really hard to tell quality. If it wasn't, we
             | could all just rely on Amazon reviews and tech reviewers.
             | But without informed consumers, price is all that matters
             | even if it creates a market nobody wants.
        
         | jameslk wrote:
         | Keynes suggested that by 2030, we'd be working 15 hour
         | workweeks, with the rest of the time used for leisure. Instead,
         | we chose consumption, and helicopter money gave us bullshit
         | jobs so we could keep buying more bullshit. This is fairly
         | evident by the fact when the helicopter money runs out, all the
         | bullshit jobs get cut.
         | 
         | AI may give us more efficiency, but it will be filled with more
         | bullshit jobs and consumption, not more leisure.
        
           | pmlnr wrote:
           | Keynes was talking about work in every sense,including house
           | chore. We're well below 15 hours of house chores by now, so
           | that part became true.
        
             | autobodie wrote:
             | Source? Keynes was a serious economist, not a charlitan
             | futurist.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | John Maynard Keynes (1930) - Economic Possibilities for
               | our Grandchildren
               | 
               | > For many ages to come the old Adam will be so strong in
               | us that everybody will need to do some work if he is to
               | be contented. We shall do more things for ourselves than
               | is usual with the rich to-day, only too glad to have
               | small duties and tasks and routines. But beyond this, we
               | shall endeavour to spread the bread thin on the butter-to
               | make what work there is still to be done to be as widely
               | shared as possible. Three-hour shifts or a fifteen-hour
               | week may put off the problem for a great while. For three
               | hours a day is quite enough to satisfy the old Adam in
               | most of us!
               | 
               | http://www.econ.yale.edu/smith/econ116a/keynes1.pdf
               | 
               | https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-
               | content/uploads/files/cont...
        
             | itishappy wrote:
             | We've got 10 whole hours left over for "actual" work!
             | 
             | (Quotes because I personally have a significantly harder
             | time doing bloody housework...)
        
             | leoedin wrote:
             | Clearly you don't have children!
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | I was thinking it's a function of the social setting.
               | Single bloke 1h/week. Couple 5h/week. With kids
               | continuous. Or some such.
        
               | leoedin wrote:
               | I imagine standards have also shifted. It just wouldn't
               | have been possible to wash a child's clothes after one
               | wear before the invention of the washing machine. People
               | also had far less clothing that they could have even
               | needed to wash.
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | Life pro tip: teach your children to do chores.
        
             | LeonB wrote:
             | Washing machines created a revolution where we could now
             | expend 1/10th of the human labour to wash the same amount
             | of clothes as before. We now have more than 10 times as
             | much clothes to wash.
             | 
             | I don't know if it's induced demand, revealed preference or
             | Jevon's paradox, maybe all 3.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | I saw some research once that the hours women spend doing
               | housework hasn't changed. I think because human nature,
               | not anything to do with the tech.
        
               | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
               | > We now have more than 10 times as much clothes to wash.
               | 
               | OK, but I doubt we're washing 10 times as much clothes,
               | unless are people wearing them for one hour between
               | washes...
        
           | autobodie wrote:
           | Keynes lived in a time when the working class was organized
           | and exerting its power over its destiny.
           | 
           | We live in a time that the working class is unbelievably
           | brainwashed and manipulated.
        
             | eastbound wrote:
             | It is very possible that foreign powers use AI to generate
             | social media content in mass for propaganda. If anything,
             | the internet up to 2015 seemed open for discussion and
             | swaying by real people's opinion (and mockery of the elite
             | classes), while manipulation and manufactured consent
             | became the norm after 2017.
        
               | rusk wrote:
               | This is a pre-/post- Snowden & Schrems, which challenged
               | the primary economic model of the internet as a
               | surveillance machine.
               | 
               | All the free money dried up and the happy clapping Barney
               | the Dinosaur Internet was no more!
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | > It is very possible that foreign powers use AI to
               | generate social media content in mass for propaganda.
               | 
               | No need for AI. Troll farms are well documented and were
               | in action before transformers could string two sentences
               | together.
        
               | amarcheschi wrote:
               | Italian party Lega (in the government coalition) has been
               | using deep fakes for some time now. It's not only
               | ridiculous, it's absolutely offensive to the people they
               | mock - von Der leyen, other Italian politicians... -
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | Queen Ursula deserves to be mocked.
        
               | karmakurtisaani wrote:
               | Even from an angle that destabilizes the EU and so
               | directly benefits Russia?
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | Yes. She's not an elected representative. And she's been
               | utterly ineffective at threatening Russia with her soft
               | stance (Yes, in war, strong words are weak actions). Her
               | place is back in Hunger Games, starving everybody for the
               | greater good of the elite class.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | He was extrapolating, as well. Going from children in the
             | mines to the welfare state in a generation was quite
             | something. Unfortunately, progress slowed down
             | significantly for many reasons but I don't think we should
             | really blame Keynes for this.
             | 
             | > We live in a time that the working class is unbelievably
             | brainwashed and manipulated.
             | 
             | I think it has always been that way. Looking through
             | history, there are many examples of turkeys voting for
             | Christmas and propaganda is an old invention. I don't think
             | there is anything special right now. And to be fair to the
             | working class, it's not hard to see how they could feel
             | abandoned. It's also broader than the working class. The
             | middle class is getting squeezed as well. The only winners
             | are the oligarchs.
        
               | ireadmevs wrote:
               | There's no middle class. You either have to work for a
               | living or you don't.
        
               | d4mi3n wrote:
               | While you're not wrong in what differentiates those with
               | wealth to those without, I think ignores a lot of nuance.
               | 
               | Does one have savings? Can they afford to spend time with
               | their children outside of working day to day? Do they
               | have the ability to take reasonable risks without
               | chancing financial ruin in pursuit of better
               | opportunities?
               | 
               | These are things we typically attribute to someone in the
               | middle class. I worry that boiling down these discussions
               | to "you work and they don't" misses a lot of opportunity
               | for tangible improvement to quality of life for large
               | number of people.
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | It doesn't - its a battle cry for the working classes (ie
               | anyone who actually works) to realize they are being
               | exploited by those that simply do not.
               | 
               | If you have an actual job and an income constrained by
               | your work output, you could be middle class, but you
               | could also recognize that you are getting absolutely
               | ruined by the billionaire class (no matter what your
               | level of working wealth)
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | I'm really not convinced that I and my CEO share a common
               | class interest against the billionaires, and I'm not
               | particularly interested in standing together to demand
               | that both of us need to be paid more.
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | _You either have to work for a living or you don't_
               | 
               | The words 'have to' are doing a lot of work in that
               | statement. Some people 'have to' work to literally put
               | food on the table, other people 'have to' work to able to
               | making payments on their new yacht. The world is full of
               | people who could probably live out the rest of their
               | lives without working any more, but doing so would
               | require drastic lifestyle changes they're not willing to
               | make.
               | 
               | I personally think the metric should be something along
               | the lines of how long would it take from losing all your
               | income until you're homeless.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | The sentence works without those two words. "You either
               | work for a living or you don't."
               | 
               | Now what?
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | Now it comes down to how you define 'for a living'. You
               | still need to differentiate between people who work to
               | survive, people who work to finance their aspirational
               | lifestyle, and people who have all the money they could
               | possibly need and still work because they either see it
               | as a calling or they just seem to like working.
               | Considering all these people in the same 'class' is far
               | too simplistic.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | > _I personally think the metric should be something
               | along the lines of how long would it take from losing all
               | your income until you 're homeless._
               | 
               |  _What_ income? Income from job, or from capital? A
               | _huge_ difference. Also a lot harder to lose the latter,
               | gross incompetence or a revolution, while the former is
               | much easier.
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | Yea, should have been clearer. Income from work (or
               | unemployment benefits) in this case. Someone who works to
               | essentially supplement their income, but could live off
               | their capital, is in a very different position than
               | someone for whom work is their only source of income or
               | wealth.
        
               | larrled wrote:
               | "from losing all your income until you're homeless."
               | 
               | I'm willing to bet you haven't lived long enough to know
               | that's a more or less a proxy for old age. :) That aside,
               | even homeless people acquire possessions over time. If
               | you have a lot of homeless in your neighborhood, try to
               | observe that. In my area, many homeless have semi
               | functional motor homes. Are they legit homeless, or are
               | they "homeless oligarchs"? I can watch any of the
               | hundreds of YouTube channels devoted to "van life." Is a
               | 20 year old who skipped college which their family could
               | have afforded, and is instead living in an $80k van and
               | getting money from streaming a "legit homeless"? The
               | world is not so black and white it will turn out in the
               | long run.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Many of those semi-functional motorhomes are actually
               | owned by a particular type of slumlord (vanlord) who rent
               | them out to homeless people.
               | 
               | https://sanjosespotlight.com/san-jose-to-crack-down-on-
               | rv-re...
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | Homeless or loose current house? Downsizing and/or moving
               | to cheaper places could go a long way. Yet loosing
               | current level of housing is what most people think want
               | to avoid.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | > progress slowed down significantly for many reasons
               | 
               | I think progress (in the sense of economic growth) was
               | roughly in line with what Keynes expected. What he didn't
               | expect is that people, instead of getting 10x the living
               | standard with 1/3 the working hours, rather wanted to
               | have 30x the living standard with the same working hours.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | It's not really clear where he got this from.
               | 
               | Throughout human history, starting with the spread of
               | agriculture, increased labor efficiency has always led to
               | people consuming more, not to them working less.
               | 
               | Moreover, throughout the 20th century, we saw several
               | periods in different countries when wages rose very
               | rapidly - and this always led to a temporary average
               | increase in hours worked. Because when a worker is told
               | "I'll pay you 50% more" - the answer is usually not
               | "Cool, I can work 30% less", but "Now I'm willing to work
               | 50% more to get 2x of the pay".
        
             | hoseyor wrote:
             | He also lived in a time when the intense importance and
             | function of a moral and cultural framework for society was
             | taken for granted. He would have never imagined the level
             | of social and moral degeneration of today.
             | 
             | I will not go into specifics because the authoritarians
             | still disagree and think everything is fine with
             | degenerative debauchery and try to abuse anyone even just
             | pointing to failing systems, but it all does seem like
             | civilization ending developments regardless of whether it
             | leads to the rise of another civilization, e.g., the Asian
             | Era, i.e., China, India, Russia, Japan, et al.
             | 
             | Ironically, I don't see the US surviving this transitional
             | phase, especially considering it essentially does not even
             | really exist anymore at its core. Would any of the founders
             | of America approve of any of America today? The forefathers
             | of India, China, Russia, and maybe Japan would clearly
             | approve of their countries and cultures. America is a
             | hollowed out husk with a facade of red, white, and blue
             | pomp and circumstance that is even fading, where America
             | means both everything and nothing as a manipulative slogan
             | to enrich the few, a massive private equity raid on
             | America.
             | 
             | When you think of the Asian countries, you also think of
             | distinct and unique cultures that all have their advantages
             | and disadvantages, the true differences that make them true
             | diversity that makes humanity so wonderful. In America you
             | have none of that. You have a decimated culture that is
             | jumbled with all kinds of muddled and polluted cultures
             | from all over the place, all equally confused and
             | bewildered about what they are and why they feel so lost
             | only chasing dollars and shiny objects to further enrich
             | the ever smaller group of con artist psychopathic
             | narcissists at the top, a kind of worst form of aristocracy
             | that humanity has yet ever produced, lacking any kind of
             | sense of noblesse oblige, which does not even extend to
             | simply not betraying your own people.
        
               | komali2 wrote:
               | That a capitalist society might achieve a 15 hour
               | workweek if it maintained a "non debauched culture" and
               | "culture homogeneity" is an extraordinary claim I've
               | never seen a scrap of evidence for. Can you support this
               | extraordinary claim?
               | 
               | That there's any cultural "degenerative debauchery" is an
               | extraordinary claim. Can you back up this claim with
               | evidence?
               | 
               | "Decimated," "muddled," and "polluted" imply you have an
               | objective analysis framework for culture. Typically
               | people who study culture avoid moralizing like this
               | because one very quickly ends up looking very foolish.
               | What do you know that the anthropologists and
               | sociologists don't, to where you use these terms so
               | freely?
               | 
               | If I seem aggressive, it's because I'm quite tired of
               | vague handwaving around "degeneracy" and identity
               | politics. Too often these conversations are completely
               | presumptive.
        
               | chucksmash wrote:
               | > That there's any cultural "degenerative debauchery" is
               | an extraordinary claim. Can you back up this claim with
               | evidence?
               | 
               | What's the sense in asking for examples? If one person
               | sees ubiquitous cultural decay and the other says "this
               | is fine," I think the difference is down to worldview.
               | And for a pessimist and an optimist to cite examples at
               | one another is unlikely to change the other's worldview.
               | 
               | If a pessimist said, "the opioid crisis is deadlier than
               | the crack epidemic and nobody cares," would that change
               | the optimist's mind?
               | 
               | If a pessimist said, "the rate of suicide has increased
               | by 30% since the year 2000," would that change the
               | optimist's mind?
               | 
               | If a pessimist said, "corporate profits, wealth
               | inequality, household debt, and homelessness are all at
               | record highs," ...?
               | 
               | And coming from the other side, all these things can be
               | Steven Pinker'd if you want to feel like "yes there are
               | real problems but actually things are better than ever."
               | 
               | There was a book that said something about "you will
               | recognize them by their fruit." If these problems are the
               | fruit born of our culture, it's worth asking how we got
               | here instead of dismissing it with "What do you know that
               | the anthropologists and sociologists don't?"
        
               | mlinhares wrote:
               | Oh the prized Asian magic, more civilized, less mixed,
               | the magical place.
               | 
               | Capitalism arrives for everyone, Asia is just late for
               | the party. Once it eventually financializes everything,
               | the same will happen to it. Capitalism eventually eats
               | itself, doesn't matter the language or how many centuries
               | your people might have.
        
             | 1776smithadam wrote:
             | Keynes didn't anticipate social media
        
             | pif wrote:
             | > Keynes lived in a time when the working class ...
             | 
             | Keynes lived in a time when the working class could not buy
             | cheap from China... and complain that everybody else was
             | doing the same!
        
           | SarahC_ wrote:
           | "Bullshit jobs" are the rubbish required to keep the
           | paperwork tidy, assessed and filed. No company pays someone
           | to do -nothing-.
           | 
           | AI isn't going to generate those jobs, it's going to automate
           | them.
           | 
           | ALL our bullshit jobs are going away, and those people will
           | be unemployed.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | I foresee programers replaced by AI and the people who
             | programed becoming pointy haired bosses to the AI.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | I for see that when people only employ AI for
               | programming, it quickly hits the point where they train
               | on their own (usually wrong) code and it spirals into an
               | implosion.
               | 
               | When kids stop learning to code for real, who writes GCC
               | v38?
               | 
               | This whole LLM is just the next bitcoin/nft. People had a
               | lot of video cards and wanted to find a new use for them.
               | In my small brain it's so obvious.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | LLMs maybe but there will be other algorithms.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | For sure, same point though.
        
               | nhod wrote:
               | i dunno, i have gotten tons of real work done with LLM's.
               | i just had o3 edit a contract and swap out pieces of it
               | to make it work with SOW's instead of embed the terms
               | directly in the contract. i used to have to do that
               | myself and have a lawyer review it. (i've been working
               | with contracts for 30 years, i know enough now to know
               | most basic contract law even though IANAL.) i've vibe
               | coded a whole bunch of little things i would never have
               | done myself or hired someone to do. i have had them
               | extract data in seconds that would have taken forever.
               | there is without question real utility in LLM's and they
               | are also without question getting better very fast.
               | 
               | to compare that to NFT's is pretty disingenuous. i don't
               | know anyone who has ever accomplished anything with an
               | NFT. (i'm happy to be wrong about that, and i have yet to
               | find a single example).
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | There is without question value to LLMs, I absolutely
               | agree.
               | 
               | Trying to make them more than they are is the issue I
               | have. Let them be great at crunching words, I'm all about
               | that.
               | 
               | Pretending that OpenAI is worth billions of dollars is a
               | joke, when I can get 90% of the value the provide for
               | free, on my own mediocre hardware.
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | Ha-ha, this is very funny :) Say, have you ever tried
               | seriously using the AI-tools for programming? Because if
               | you do, and still believe this, I may have a
               | bridge/Eiffel Tower/railroad to sell you.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | I tried and they weren't that good. I'm gazing into the
               | future a little.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | The majority of my code over theast few months has been
               | written by LLMs. Including systems I rely on for my
               | business daily.
               | 
               | Maybe consider it's not all on the AI tools if they work
               | for others but not for you.
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | Sure man, maybe also share that bit with your clients and
               | see how excited they'll be to learn their vital code or
               | infrastructure may be designed by a stochastical system
               | (*reliable a solid number of times).
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | My clients are perfectly happy about that, because they
               | care about the results, not FUD. They know the quality of
               | what I deliver from first-hand experience.
               | 
               | Human-written code also needs reviews, and is also
               | frequently broken until subjected to testing, iteration,
               | and reviews, and so our processes are built around proper
               | qa, and proper reviews, and then the original source does
               | not matter much.
               | 
               | It's however a lot easier to force an LLM into a
               | straighjacket of enforced linters, enforced test-suite
               | runs, enforced sanity checks, enforced processes at a
               | level that human developers would quit over, and so as we
               | build out the harness around the AI code generation,
               | we're seeing the quality of that code increase a lot
               | faster than the quality delivered by human developers. It
               | still doesn't beat a good senior developer, but it does
               | often deliver code that handles tasks I could never hand
               | to my juniors.
               | 
               | (In fact, the harness I'm forcing my AI generated code
               | through was written about 95%+ by an LLM, iteratively,
               | with its own code being forced through the verification
               | steps with every new iteration after the first 100 lines
               | of code or so)
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | So to summarise - the quality of code you generated with
               | LLM is increasing a lot faster, but somehow never
               | reaching senior level. How is that a lot faster? I mean
               | if it never reaches the (fairly modest) goal. But that's
               | not the end of it. Your mid-junior LLMs are also
               | enforcing quality gates and harnesses on the rest of your
               | LLM-mid-juniors. If only there was some proof for that,
               | like a project demo, so it could at least look
               | believable...
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | It's a lot faster compared to new developers who still
               | cost magnitudes more from day 1. It's not cost effective
               | to hand every task to someone senior. I still have
               | juniors on teams because in the long term we still need
               | actual people who need a path to becoming senior devs,
               | but in financial terms they are now a drain.
               | 
               | You can feel free not to believe it, as I have no plans
               | to open up my tooling anytime soon - though partly
               | because I'm considering turning it into a service. In the
               | meantime these tools are significantly improving the
               | margins for my consulting, and the velocity increases
               | steadily as every time we run into a problem we make the
               | tooling revise its own system prompt or add additional
               | checks to the harness it runs to avoid it next time.
               | 
               | A lot of it is very simple. E.g a lot of these tools can
               | produce broken edits. They'll usually realise and fix
               | them, but adding an edit tool that forces the code
               | through syntax checks / linters for example saved a lot
               | of pain. As does forcing regular test and coverage runs,
               | not just on builds.
               | 
               | For one of my projects I now let this tooling edit
               | without asking permission, and just answer yes/no to
               | whether it can commit once it's ready. If no, I'll tell
               | it why and review again when it thinks it's fixed things,
               | but a majority of commit requests are now accepted on the
               | first try.
               | 
               | For the same project I'm now also experimenting with
               | asking the assistant to come up with a todo list of
               | enhancements for it based on a high level goal, then work
               | through it, with me just giving minor comments on the
               | proposed list.
               | 
               | I'm vaguely tempted to let this assistant reload it's own
               | modified code when tests pass and leave it to work on
               | itself for a a while and see what comes of it. But I'd
               | need to sandbox it first. It's already tried (and was
               | stopped by a permissions check) to figure out how to
               | restart itself to enable new functionality it had
               | written, so it "understands" when it is working on
               | itself.
               | 
               | But, by all means, you can choose to just treat this as
               | fiction if it makes you feel better.
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | No, I am not disputing whatever productivity gains you
               | seem to be getting. I was just curious if it LLMs feeding
               | data into each other can work that well, knowing how long
               | it took OpenAI to make ChatGPT properly count the number
               | of "R"s in the word "strawberry". There is this effect
               | called "Habsburg AI". I reckon the syntax-check and
               | linting stuff is straightforward, as it adds a
               | deterministic element to it, but what do you do about the
               | more tricky stuff like dreamt up functions and code
               | packages? Unsafe practices like sensitive exposing data
               | in cleartext, Linux commands which are downright the
               | opposite of what was prompted, etc? That comes up a fair
               | amount of times and I am not sure that LLMs are going to
               | self-correct here, without human input.
        
             | antonvs wrote:
             | > "Bullshit jobs" are the rubbish required to keep the
             | paperwork tidy, assessed and filed.
             | 
             | It's also the jobs that involve keeping people happy
             | somehow, which may not be "productive" in the most direct
             | sense.
             | 
             | One class of people that needs to be kept happy are
             | managers. What makes managers happy is not always what is
             | actually most productive. What makes managers happy is
             | their _perception_ of what 's most productive, or having
             | their ideas about how to solve some problem addressed.
             | 
             | This does, in fact, result in companies paying people to do
             | nothing _useful_. People get paid to do things that satisfy
             | a need that managers have perceived.
        
             | r0s wrote:
             | AI is going to 10x the amount of bullshit, fully automating
             | the process.
             | 
             | NONE of the bullshit jobs are going away, there will simply
             | be bigger, more numerous bullshit.
        
           | davedx wrote:
           | Some countries are still trending in that direction:
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/nov/21/icelan.
           | ..
           | 
           | Policy matters
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | I think something Keynes got wrong there and much AI job
           | discussion ignores is people like working, subject to the job
           | being fun. Look at the richest people with no need to work -
           | Musk, Buffett etc. Still working away, often well past
           | retirement age with no need for the money. Keynes himself,
           | wealth and probably with tenure working away on his theories.
           | In the UK you can quite easily do nothing by going on
           | disability allowance and doing nothing and many do but they
           | are not happy.
           | 
           | There can be a certain snobbishness with academics where they
           | are like of course I enjoy working away on my theories of
           | employment but the unwashed masses do crap jobs where they'd
           | rather sit on their arses watching reality TV. But it isn't
           | really like that. Usually.
        
             | navane wrote:
             | Meanwhile your examples for happy working are all
             | billionaires who do w/e tf they want, and your example of
             | sad non working are disabled people.
        
             | trinix912 wrote:
             | The reality of most people is that they need to work to
             | financially sustain themselves. Yes, there are people who
             | just like what they do and work regardless, but I think we
             | shouldn't discount the majority which would drop their jobs
             | or at least work less hours had it not been out of the need
             | for money.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Although in democracies we've largely selected that
               | system. I've been to socialist places - Cuba and Albania
               | before communism collapsed where a lot of people didn't
               | do much but were still housed and fed (not very well -
               | ration books) but no one seems to want to vote that stuff
               | in.
        
               | trinix912 wrote:
               | The thing about those systems is you'd have to forgo the
               | entire notion about private property and wealth as we
               | currently know it for it to work out. Even then, there
               | would be people who wouldn't want to work/contribute and
               | the majority who would contribute the bare minimum (like
               | you're saying). The percentage of people who'd work
               | because they like it wouldn't be much higher than it is
               | now. Or it might be even lower, as money wouldn't be as
               | much of a factor in one's life.
        
               | hx8 wrote:
               | It seems like a democratic system could both maintain
               | private property and make sure all of their citizens have
               | basic needs are satisifed (food, housing, education,
               | medical). I don't see how these two are mutually
               | exclusive, unless you take a hardline that taxation is
               | theft.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I think more people take a _soft_ line. Taxation isn 't
               | theft, but too much taxation _is_ theft.
               | 
               | I don't know that I've ever heard this rationally
               | articulated. I think it's a "gut feel" that at least some
               | people have.
               | 
               | If taxes take 10% of what you make, you aren't _happy_
               | about it, but most of us are OK with it. If taxes take
               | 90% of what you make, that feels different. It feels like
               | the government thinks it all belongs to them, whereas at
               | 10%, it feels like  "the principle is that it all belongs
               | to you, but we have to take some tax to keep everything
               | running".
               | 
               | So I think the way this plays out in practice is, the
               | amount of taxes needed to supply everyones' basic needs
               | is across the threshold in many peoples' minds. (The
               | threshold of "fairness" or "reasonable" or some such,
               | though it's more of a gut feel than a rational position.)
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | >food, housing, education, medical
               | 
               | Literally unlimited needs, term "basic" does not apply to
               | them.
        
               | ptero wrote:
               | While they didn't do much at work and could coast
               | forever, they still had to show up and sit out the hours.
               | And this does seem to correlate highly with ration books.
               | Which are also not amazon-fulfilled, but require going to
               | a store, waiting in line, worring that the rations would
               | run out, yada yada.
               | 
               | I'll take capitalism with all its warts over that workers
               | paradise any day.
        
               | sotix wrote:
               | How did you visit Albania before communism collapsed? I
               | thought it was closed off from the world.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Well it was in the middle period when some communism
               | collapsed but Albania was communist still. They did
               | tourist day trips from Corfu to raise some hard currency.
               | It's only about a mile from Albania at the closest point.
        
             | timacles wrote:
             | What percentage of people would you say like working for
             | fun? Would you really claim they make up a significant
             | portion of society?
             | 
             | Even myself, work a job that I enjoy building things that
             | I'm good at, that is almost stress free, and after 10-15
             | years find that I would much rather spend time with my
             | family or even spend a day doing nothing rather than spend
             | another hour doing work for other people. the work never
             | stops coming and the meaninglessness is stronger than ever.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Well - I guess you are maybe typical in quite liking the
               | work but wanting to do less hours? I saw some research
               | that hunter gatherers work about 20 hours a week - maybe
               | that's an optimum.
        
               | chipsrafferty wrote:
               | A lot of people like the work they do, but they also like
               | the things they do when they aren't working - more.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I think a _lot_ of people would work fewer hours and
               | probably retire earlier if money were absolutely not in
               | the equation. That said, it 's also true that there are a
               | lot of things you realistically can't do on your own--
               | especially outside of software.
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | Most of the people are leisuring af work (for keynes era
           | standards) and also getting paid for it
        
           | ccorcos wrote:
           | If you work 15 hours/week then presumably someone who chose
           | to work 45 hours/week would make 3x more money.
           | 
           | This creates supply-demand pressure for goods and services.
           | Anything with limited supply such as living in the nice part
           | of town will price out anyone working 15 hours/week.
           | 
           | And so society finds an equilibrium...
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Keynes suggested that by 2030, we'd be working 15 hour
           | workweeks_
           | 
           | Most people with a modest retirement account could retire in
           | their forties to working 15-hour workweeks somewhere in rural
           | America.
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | The trade is you need to live in VHCOL city to earn enough
             | and have a high savings rate. Avoid spending it all on
             | VHCOL real estate.
             | 
             | And then after living at the center of everything for 15-20
             | years be mentally prepared to move to "nowhere", possibly
             | before your kids head off to college.
             | 
             | Most cannot meet all those conditions and end up on the
             | hedonic treadmill.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _you need to live in VHCOL city to earn enough and have
               | a high savings rate_
               | 
               | Yes to the latter, no to the former. The states with the
               | highest savings rates are Connecticut, New Jersey,
               | Minnesota, Massachussetts and Maryland [1]. Only
               | Massachussetts is a top-five COL state [2].
               | 
               | > _then after living at the center of everything for
               | 15-20 years be mentally prepared to move to "nowhere"_
               | 
               | This is the real hurdle. Ultimately, however, it's a
               | choice. One chooses to work harder to access a scarce
               | resource out of preference, not necessity.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_
               | savings...
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_
               | savings...
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | > Instead, we chose consumption
           | 
           | instead, corporations chose to consume _us_
        
           | Slow_Hand wrote:
           | Not to undercut your point - because you're largely correct -
           | but this is my reality. I have a decent-paying job in which I
           | work roughly 15 hrs a week. Sometimes more when work scales
           | up.
           | 
           | That said, I'm not what you'd call a high-earning person (I
           | earn < 100k) I simply live within my means and do my best to
           | curb lifestyle creep. In this way, Keynes' vision is a
           | reality, but it's a mindset and we also have to know when
           | enough wealth is enough.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | You're lucky. Most companies don't accept that. Frequently,
             | even when they have part time arrangements, the incentives
             | are such that middle managers are incentivized to squeeze
             | you (including squeezing you out), despite company policies
             | and HR mandates.
        
               | Slow_Hand wrote:
               | I am lucky. I work for a very small consultancy (3 people
               | plus occassional contractors) and am paid a fraction of
               | our net income.
               | 
               | The arrangement was arrived at because the irregular
               | income schedule makes an hourly wage or a salary a poor
               | option for everyone involved. I'm grateful to work for a
               | company where the owners value not only my time and worth
               | but also value a similar work routine themselves.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Which is a shame because I bet most knowledge workers
               | aren't putting in more than three or fours hours of solid
               | work. The rest of the time they are just keeping a seat
               | warm.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | 40 hours/week is of course just an established norm for a
               | lot of people and companies. But two 20 hour/week folks
               | tend to cost more than one 40 hour/week person for all
               | sorts of reasons.
        
               | babuloseo wrote:
               | source?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Well, for starters people probably want health insurance
               | in the US which often starts at some percentage of full-
               | time. Various other benefits. Then two people are
               | probably just more overhead to manage than one. Though
               | they may offer more flexibility.
        
           | raincom wrote:
           | Now one has to work 60 hours to afford housing(rent/mortgage)
           | and insurance (health, home, automotive). Yes, food is cheap
           | if one can cook.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | Elon Musk experiment is the worst anchor that can be used for
         | comparison since the dude destabilized Twitter (re-branding,
         | random layoffs, etc...). I'd be more interested in companies
         | that went leaner but did it in a sane manner. The Internet user
         | base grew between 2022 and now but Twitter might have lost
         | users in that time period and certainly didn't make any new
         | innovations beyond trying to charge its users more and
         | confusing them.
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | Also section 174's amortization of software development had a
         | big role.
        
           | jki275 wrote:
           | That's about to get repealed it looks like.
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | TACO
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | For those unaware, the "TACO trade" is when Wall Street
               | investors trade based on the principle that "Trump Always
               | Chickens Out". For example, buying in a tariff-induced
               | dip on the principle that he'll probably repeal the
               | tariffs.
               | 
               | Now that someone's said to Trump's face that Wall Street
               | thinks he always chickens out, he may or may not stop
               | doing it.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Now that someone 's said to Trump's face that Wall
               | Street thinks he always chickens out, he may or may not
               | stop doing it_
               | 
               | The point is he's powerless not to. The alternative is
               | allowing a bond rout to trigger a bank collapse, probably
               | in rural America. He didn't do the prep that produces
               | actual leverage. (Xi did.)
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Never assume a narcissist will take the sane way out when
               | their game blows up in their face.
        
               | harmmonica wrote:
               | Can you expand on "probably in rural America"? Do you
               | just mean that those smaller community banks are more at
               | risk if rates rise? If so, because they issue more
               | variable rate debt? Or is there something else?
               | 
               | edit: grammar
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Do you just mean that those smaller community banks
               | are more at risk if rates rise? If so, because they issue
               | more variable rate debt? Or is there something else?_
               | 
               | Current issue is community banks have 3x the commercial
               | real estate exposure of other banks [1]. They're also
               | less liquid and have a lower ROA. So in cases where the
               | shock comes from outside the financial sector, they tend
               | to be the first we worry about.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.fdic.gov/quarterly-banking-profile _33%
               | vs 11% of total assets_
        
               | darepublic wrote:
               | Don't look a gift taco in the mouth
        
               | esaym wrote:
               | This
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | And the reason why I said it is because 174 is part of
               | Trump's Cut^3 bill from 2017. DOE 174.
        
           | Lu2025 wrote:
           | I agree, R&D change is what triggered 2022 tech layoffs.
           | Coders used to be free, all this play with Metaverse and such
           | was on public dime. As soon as a company had to spend real
           | money, it all came crashing down.
        
             | rbultje wrote:
             | This is a weird take. Employees are supposed to be business
             | expenses, that's the core idea of running a business:
             | profit = revenue - expenses, where expenses are personnel /
             | materials, and pay taxes over profit. Since the R&D change,
             | businesses can't fully expense employees and need to pay
             | (business) taxes over their salaries. Employees - of course
             | - still pay personal taxes also (as was always the case).
        
               | e40 wrote:
               | Yeah, free is a bit of a odd take. ! ZIRP + section 174
               | was a huge simultaneous blow to tech.
               | 
               | I would add one more: me too-ism from CEOs following Musk
               | after the twitter reductions. I think many tech CEOs
               | (e.g., Zuck) hate their workforce with a passion and used
               | the layoff culture to unwind things and bring their
               | workforce to heel (you might be less vocal in this sort
               | of environment... think of the activists that used to
               | work at Google).
        
         | lozenge wrote:
         | Macroeconomic policy always changes, recessions come and go,
         | but it's not a permanent change in the way e-commerce or AI is.
        
         | gmerc wrote:
         | The flaw with the Zirp narrative that companies managed to
         | raise more money than ever before the moment they had a
         | somewhat believable narrative instead of the
         | crypto/web3/metaverse nonsense.
        
         | xorcist wrote:
         | > because he simply thought he could run a lot leaner
         | 
         | Because he suddenly had to pay interest on that gigantic loan
         | he (and his business associates) took to buy Twitter.
         | 
         | It may not be the only reason for everything that happened, but
         | it sure is simple and has some very good explanatory powers.
        
           | huntertwo wrote:
           | Other companies have different reasons to cut costs, but the
           | incentive is still there.
        
             | xorcist wrote:
             | Stocks are valued against the risk free interest, or so the
             | saying goes.
             | 
             | Doubling interest rate from .1% to .2% does a lot for your
             | DCF models, and in this case we went from zero (or in some
             | cases negative) to several percentage units. Of course
             | stock prices tanked. That's what any schoolbook will tell
             | you, and that's what any investor will expect.
             | 
             | Companies thus have to start turning dials and adjust
             | parameters to make number go up again.
        
         | perrygeo wrote:
         | Such an important point, I've seen and suspected the end of
         | ZIRP being a much much greater influence on white collar work
         | than we suspect. AI is going to take all the negative press but
         | the flow of capital is ultimately what determines how the
         | business works, which determines what software gets built.
         | Conway's law 101. The white collar bloodbath is more of a
         | haircut to shed waste accumulated during the excesses of ZIRP.
        
           | steveBK123 wrote:
           | ZIRP and then the final gasp of COVID bubble over hiring.
           | 
           | At least in my professional circles the number of late
           | 2020-mid 2022 job switchers was immense. Like 10 years of
           | switches condensed into 18-24 months.
           | 
           | Further lot of experiences and anecdotes talking to people
           | who saw their company/org/team double or triple in size when
           | comparing back to 2019.
           | 
           | Despite some waves of mag7 layoffs we are still I think
           | digesting what was essentially an overhiring bubble.
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | Is it negative press for AI, or is it convincing some
           | investors that it's actually causing a tectonic shift in the
           | workforce and economy? It could be positive in some sense.
           | Though ultimately negative, because the outcomes are unlikely
           | to reflect a continuation of the perceived impact or
           | imaginary progress of the technology.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | ZIRP had little to do with it. Tech is less levered than any
         | other major industry. What happened is that growth expectations
         | for large tech companies were way out of line with reality and
         | finally came back down to earth when the market finally
         | realized that the big tech cos are actually mature profitable
         | companies and not just big startups. The fact that this
         | happened at the same time ZIRP ended is a coincidence.
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | This is so cool. Had no idea FRED had data like this. They have
         | everything.
        
           | cyanydeez wrote:
           | give trump a few more years, and that probably will change.
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | Why would you interpret data cut off at 2020 so that you're
         | just looking at a covid phenomenon? The buttons don't seem to
         | do anything on that site, but why not consider 2010-2025?
         | 
         | That said, the vibe has definitely shifted. I started working
         | in software in uni ~2009 and every job I've had, I'd applied
         | for <10 positions and got a couple offers. Now, I barely get
         | responses despite 10x the skills and experience I had back
         | then.
         | 
         | Though I don't think AI has anything to do with it, probably
         | more the explosion of cheap software labor on the global
         | market, and you have to compete with the whole world for a job
         | in your own city.
         | 
         | Kinda feels like some major part of the gravy train is up.
        
           | lbotos wrote:
           | It looks like that specific graph only starts in 2020...
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | Why not just find one that starts in 2022 then. It would
             | look even more dire.
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | > People a decade from now will think Elon slashed Twitter's
         | employee count by 90% because of some AI initiative, and not
         | because he simply thought he could run a lot leaner.
         | 
         | That part is so overblown. Twitter was still trying to hit
         | moonshots. X is basically in "keep the lights on" mode as Musk
         | doesn't need more. Yeah, if Google decides it doesn't want to
         | grow anymore, it can probably cut it's workforce by 90%. And it
         | will be as irrelevant as IBM in maximum 10 years.
        
           | aikinai wrote:
           | What moonshots has Twitter gone for in the last decade?
           | Feature velocity is also higher since the acquisition.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | "Moonshots" was probably a bad term. Twitter devs used to
             | be very active in open source, in Scala, actors, etc in
             | particular. Fairly sure that's all dead. From most reports
             | the majority of current Twitter devs are basically visa-
             | shackled to the company.
        
             | nova22033 wrote:
             | What happened to X, the payment app?
        
         | leptons wrote:
         | What's happening now is similar to what happened during the
         | 2000's "dot-com bubble burst". Having barely survived that
         | time, I saw this one coming and people told me I was crazy when
         | I told them to hold on to their jobs and quit job-hopping,
         | because the job-hopper is very often the first one to get laid
         | off.
         | 
         | In 2000 I was moved cities and I had a job lined-up at a
         | company that was run by my friends, I had about 15 good friends
         | working at the company including the CEO, and I was guaranteed
         | the job in software development at the company. The interview
         | was supposed to be just a formality. So I moved, and went in to
         | see the CEO, and he told me he could not hire me, the funding
         | was cut and there was a hiring freeze. I was devastated. Now
         | what? Well I had to freelance and live on whatever I could
         | scrape together, which was a few hundred bucks a month, _if I
         | was lucky_. Fortunately the place I moved into was a big house
         | with my friends who worked at said company, and since my rent
         | was so low at the time, they covered me for a couple of years.
         | I did eventually get some freelance work from the company, but
         | things did not really recover until about 2004 when I finally
         | got a full-time programming job, after 4 very difficult years.
         | 
         | So many tech companies over-hired during covid, there was a
         | gigantic bubble happening with FAANG and every other tech
         | company at the time. The crash in tech jobs was inevitable.
         | 
         | I feel bad for people who got left out in the cold this time, I
         | know what they are going through.
        
           | yellow_lead wrote:
           | Those are some great friends. Aside from job hoppers, I
           | noticed there are a lot of company loyalists getting canned
           | too though (i.e worked at MSFT 10 years)
        
             | leptons wrote:
             | It's not exactly the same this time around, the dot-com
             | bubble was a bit different, but both then and now were
             | preceded by huge hiring bubbles and valuations that were
             | stupid. Now it's a little different 25 years later, tech
             | has advanced and AI means cutting the fat out of a lot of
             | companies, even Microsoft.
             | 
             | AI is somewhat creating a similar bubble now, because
             | investors still have money, and the current AI efforts are
             | way over-hyped. 6.5 billion paid to aquihire Jony Ive is a
             | symptom of that.
        
         | intalentive wrote:
         | Yes. Tech is clearly a beneficiary of the Cantillon Effect.
        
         | rglover wrote:
         | IMO this is dead on. AI is a hell of a scapegoat for companies
         | that want to save face and pretend that their success wasn't
         | because of cheap money being pumped into them. And in a world
         | addicted to status games, that's a gift from the heavens.
        
         | jt2190 wrote:
         | It's a shame that this is the top comment because it's backward
         | looking ("here's why white-collar workers lost their jobs in
         | the last year") instead of looking forward and noticing that
         | even if interest rates are reduced back to zero these jobs will
         | not be performed by humans ever again. THAT is the message
         | here. These workers need to retrain and move on.
        
           | SR2Z wrote:
           | > even if interest rates are reduced back to zero these jobs
           | will not be performed by humans ever again
           | 
           | It's not like companies laid off whole functions. These jobs
           | will continue to be performed by humans - ZIRP just changes
           | the number of humans and how much they get paid.
           | 
           | > These workers need to retrain and move on.
           | 
           | They only need to "retrain" insofar as they keep up with the
           | current standards and practices. Software engineers are not
           | going anywhere.
        
         | niuzeta wrote:
         | FRED continues to amaze me with the kind of data they have
         | availab.e
        
           | brfox wrote:
           | That's from Indeed. And, Indeed has fewer job postings
           | overall [https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IHLIDXUS]. Should
           | we normalize the software jobs with the total number of
           | Indeed postings? Is Indeed getting less popular or more
           | popular over this time period? Data is complicated
        
             | simonsarris wrote:
             | Look at that graph again. It's indexed to 100 in Feb 1,
             | 2020. It's now at 106. In other words, after all the
             | pandemic madness, the total number of job postings on
             | indeed is slightly larger than it was before, not smaller.
             | 
             | But for software, it's a lot smaller.
        
       | randomname4325 wrote:
       | Only way to know for sure you're safe from replacement is if your
       | job is a necessary part of something generating revenue and your
       | not easily replaceable. Otherwise you should assume the company
       | won't hesitate to replace you. It's just business.
        
         | Tokkemon wrote:
         | Yeah I thought that too. Then they laid me off anyway.
        
         | snackernews wrote:
         | Anyone who thinks an executive considers them necessary or
         | irreplaceable in the current environment is fooling themselves.
        
         | Voloskaya wrote:
         | > if your job is a necessary part of something generating
         | revenue and your not easily replaceable.
         | 
         | First part of this statement is clearly false. People on the
         | phone in a tech support company are very much necessary to
         | generate revenue, people tending to field were very much
         | necessary to extract the value of the fields. Draftsmen before
         | CAD were absolutely necessary etc.
         | 
         | Yet technology replaced them, or is in the process of doing so.
         | 
         | So then, your statement simplifies to "if you want to be safe
         | for replacement have a job that's hard to replace" which isn't
         | very useful anymore.
        
       | econ wrote:
       | There use to be a cookie factory here that had up to 12 people
       | sitting there all day doing nothing. If the machines broke down
       | it really took all of them to clean up. This pattern will be
       | rediscovered.
        
       | topherPedersen wrote:
       | I could be wrong, but I think us software developers are going to
       | become even more powerful, in demand, and valuable.
        
       | ghm2180 wrote:
       | I wonder when the investors and investors in the early printing
       | press or steam engine or excel spreadsheet was invented did they
       | think of the ways -- soul crushing homework(books), rapid and
       | cruel colonization(steam engines and trains), innovative project
       | management(excel) -- there tech would be used?
       | 
       | The demand for these products was not where it was intended at
       | the time probably. Perhaps the answer to its biggest effect lies
       | in how it will free up human potential and time.
       | 
       | If AI can do that -- and that is a big if -- then how and what
       | would you do with that time? Well ofc, more activity, different
       | ways to spend time, implying new kinds of jobs.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | The trouble with looking at past examples of new tech and
         | automation is that those were all verticals - the displaced
         | worker could move to a different, maybe newly created, work
         | area left intact by the change.
         | 
         | Where AI will be different (when we get there - LLMs are not
         | AGI) is that it is a general human-replacement technology
         | meaning there will be no place to run ... They may change the
         | job landscape, but the new jobs (e.g. supervising AIs) will
         | ALSO be done by AI.
         | 
         | I don't buy this "AGI by 2027" timeline though - LLMs and LLM-
         | based agents are just missing so many basic capabilities
         | compared to a human (e.g. ability to learn continually and
         | incrementally). It seems that RL, test-time compute (cf tree
         | search) and agentic application, have given a temporary second
         | wind to LLMs which were otherwise topping out in terms of
         | capability, but IMO we are already seeing the limits of this
         | too - superhuman math and coding ability (on smaller scope
         | tasks) do not translate into GENERAL intelligence since they
         | are not based on general mechanism - they are based on vertical
         | pre-training in these (atypical in terms of general use case)
         | areas where there is a clean reward signal for RL to work well.
         | 
         | It seems that this crazy "we're responsibly warning you that
         | we're going to destroy the job market!" spiel is perhaps
         | because these CEOs realize there is a limited window of
         | opportunity here to try to get widespread AI adoption (and/or
         | more investment) before the limitations become more obvious.
         | Maybe they are just looking for an exit, or perhaps they are
         | hoping that AI adoption will be sticky even if it proves to be
         | a lot less capable that what they are promising it will be.
        
       | infinitebit wrote:
       | I am SO thankful to see a news outlet take what tech CEOs say
       | with a grain of salt re: AI. I feel like so many have just been
       | breathlessly repeating anything they say without even an
       | acknowledgement that there might be, you know, _some_ incentive
       | for them to stretch the truth.
       | 
       | (ftr i'm not even taking a side re: will AI take all the jobs.
       | even if they do, the reporting on this subject by MSM has been
       | abysmal)
        
       | infinitebit wrote:
       | So glad to see a MSM outlet take the words of an AI ceo with even
       | a single grain of salt. I've been really disappointed with the
       | way so many publications have just been breathlessly repeating
       | what is essentially a sales pitch.
       | 
       | (ftr i'm not even taking a side re: is AI going to take all the
       | jobs. regardless of what happens the fact remains that the
       | reporting has been absolute sh*t on this. i guess "the
       | singularity is here" gets more clicks than "sales person makes
       | sales pitch")
        
         | absurdo wrote:
         | HN does the same. We don't really have a platform on the
         | internet for good discussions so we mostly get regurgitated
         | talking points and a lot of flags/downvotes if it's deemed a
         | serious enough issue (f.e. pandemic) that taking a contrary
         | stance is strictly forbidden.
        
           | throwaway314155 wrote:
           | Case in point ^
        
       | brokegrammer wrote:
       | We don't need AI to wipe out entry-level office jobs. David
       | Graeber wrote about this in Bullshit Jobs. But now that we have
       | AI, it's a good excuse to wipe out those jobs for good, just like
       | Elon did after he acquired Twitter. After that, we can blame AI
       | for the deed.
        
         | JanisErdmanis wrote:
         | The productivity gains in activities will be countered by the
         | same gains in counter activities. Everything is going to become
         | more sophisticated, but bullshit will remain.
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | I've thought a lot about this. I think this is exactly what is
         | happening. I've seen this first hand.
         | 
         | A lot of the BS jobs are being killed off. Do some non-bs jobs
         | get burn up in the fire along the way, yes. But it's only the
         | beginning.
        
       | rule2025 wrote:
       | The real "white-collar massacre" is not caused by AI, but you
       | have no irreplaceable, or the value created by hiring you is not
       | higher than using AI. Businesses will not hesitate to use AI, you
       | can't say that companies are ruthless, but that's the pursuit of
       | efficiency. Just as horse-drawn carriages were replaced by cars
       | and coachmen lost their jobs, you can't say it's a problem with
       | cars.
       | 
       | History is always strikingly similar, the AI revolution is the
       | fifth industrial revolution, and it is wise to embrace AI and
       | collaborate with AI as soon as possible.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | There's a popular saying, e.g. used by NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang,
         | that "AI won't replace you - a human using AI will replace
         | you", which may be temporarily true while AI isn't very
         | capable, but the AI CEOs are claiming AGI will be here in 2
         | years, and explicitly saying that it will be a "drop-in
         | replacement remote worker". Obviously one of these is wrong -
         | it's either just a tool to be learnt and used, or it is in fact
         | a drop-in replacement for a human.
         | 
         | One can argue about the timeline and technology (maybe not LLM
         | based), but it does seem that human-level AGI will be here
         | relatively soon - next 10 or 20 years, perhaps, if not 2. When
         | this does happen, history is unlikely to be a good predictor of
         | what to expect... AGI may create new jobs as well as detstroy
         | old ones, but what's different is that AGI will also be doing
         | those new jobs! AGI isn't automating one industry, or creating
         | a technology like computers that can help automate any industry
         | - AGI is a technology that will replace the need for human
         | workers in any capacity, starting with all jobs that can be
         | conducted without a physical presence.
        
       | notyouraibot wrote:
       | The hype around AI replacing software engineers is truly
       | delusional. Yes they are very good at solving known problems,
       | writing for loops and boilerplate code but introduce a little bit
       | of complexity and creativity and it all fails. There have been
       | countless tasks that I have given to AI, to which it simply
       | concluded its not possible and suggested me to use several
       | external libraries to get it done, after a little bit of manual
       | digging, I was able to achieve that same task without any
       | libraries and I'm not even a seasoned engineer.
        
       | jatora wrote:
       | While I agree that the current 'bloodbath' narrative is all hype,
       | I'm honestly confused by a lot of the sentiment i see on here
       | towards AI. Namely the dismissal of continual improvement and the
       | rampant whistling past the graveyard attitude of what is coming.
       | 
       | It is confusing because many of the dismissals come from
       | programmers, who are unequivocally the prime beneficiaries of
       | genAI capability as it stands.
       | 
       | I work as a marketing engineer at a ~1B company and the amount of
       | gains I have been able to provide as an individual are absolutely
       | multiplied by genAI.
       | 
       | One theory I have is that maybe it is a failing of prompt ability
       | that is causing the doubt. Prompting, fundamentally, is querying
       | vector space for a result - and there is a skill to it. There is
       | a gross lack of tooling to assist in this which I attribute to a
       | lack of awareness of this fact. The vast majority of genAI users
       | dont have any sort of prompt library or methodology to speak of
       | beyond a set of usual habits that work well for them.
       | 
       | Regardless, the common notion that AI has only marginally
       | improved since GPT-4 is criminally naive. The notion that we have
       | hit a wall has merit, of course, but you cannot ignore the fact
       | that we just got accurate 1M context in a SOTA model with gemini
       | 2.5pro. For free. Mere months ago. This is a leap. If you have
       | not experienced that as a leap then you are using LLM's
       | incorrectly.
       | 
       | You cannot sleep on context. Context (and proper utilization of
       | it) is literally what shores up 90% of the deficiencies I see
       | complained about.
       | 
       | AI forgets libraries and syntax? Load in the current syntax. Deep
       | research it. AI keeps making mistakes? Inform it of those
       | mistakes and keep those stored in your project for use in every
       | prompt.
       | 
       | I consistently make 200k+ token queries of code and context and
       | receive highly accurate results.
       | 
       | I build 10-20k loc tools in hours for fun. Are they production
       | ready? No. Do they accomplish highly complex tasks for niche use
       | cases? Yes.
       | 
       | The empowerment of the single developer who is good at
       | manipulating AI AND an experienced dev/engineer is absolutely
       | incredible.
       | 
       | Deep research alone has netted my company tens of millions in
       | pipeline, and I just pretend it's me. Because that's the other
       | part that maybe many aren't realizing - its right under your nose
       | - constantly.
       | 
       | The efficiency gains in marketing are hilariously large. There
       | are countless ways to avoid 'AI slop', and it involves, again,
       | leveraging context and good research, and a good eye to steer
       | things.
       | 
       | I post this mostly because I'm sad for all of the developers who
       | have not experienced this. I see it as a failure of effort (based
       | on some variant of emotional bias or arrogance), not a lack of
       | skill or intellect. The writing on the wall is so crystal clear.
        
         | sfblah wrote:
         | You're right, of course. Most of this thread is some sort of
         | weird motivated reasoning by people who are terrified of the
         | reality of what lies ahead. I work at a top-10 tech company.
         | We've stopped hiring junior talent, and it's 100% because of
         | AI. I'm something like 2x more productive since using AI. We're
         | now deploying agentic AI systems to further reduce headcount.
         | The actual bloodbath will happen when there's any kind of
         | financial pressure on the company (a recession).
        
       | atleastoptimal wrote:
       | losing jobs is the biggest predictable hazard of AI but far from
       | the biggest
       | 
       | however there seems to be a big disconnect on this site and
       | others
       | 
       | If you believe AGI is possible and that AI can be smarter than
       | humans in all tasks, naturally you can imagine many outcomes far
       | more substantial than job loss.
       | 
       | However many people don't believe AGI is possible, thus will
       | never consider those possibilities
       | 
       | I fear many will deny the probability that AGI could be achieved
       | in the near future, thus leaving themselves and others unprepared
       | for the consequences. There are so many potential bad outcomes
       | that could be avoided merely if more smart people realized the
       | possibility of AGI and ASI, and would thus rationally devote
       | their cognitive abilities to ensuring that the potential
       | emergence of smarter than human intelligences goes well.
        
       | theawakened wrote:
       | I've said this before and I'll say it again: The idea that 'AI'
       | will EVER take over any programmers job is ridiculous. These
       | idiots think they are going to create AGI, it's never going to
       | happen, not with this race of people. There is far too much
       | ignorance in humanity. AI will never be able to be any better
       | than it's source, humanity. It's a soon-to-be realization for
       | these billionaire talking heads. Nothing can rise higher than
       | it's source. Even if they cover every square foot of land with
       | data centers, it'll never work like they expect it to. The AI
       | bubble will burst so hard the entire world will quake. I give it
       | 5 years max.
        
       | hansmayer wrote:
       | It's so good to see the non-expert types are finally starting to
       | see the whole hype for what it really is -> the long tail of last
       | 20 years of incremental ML development, and not some
       | revolutionary tech. We did not need to have this much hype around
       | web 1.0 which was immediately adopted due to being obviously,
       | well, revolutionary.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | Yes, the dot-com bubble never happened.
        
           | hansmayer wrote:
           | We're talking technology adoption here, no need to sidetrack
           | (although I would argue, the bubble of technology sector
           | burning 200B to produce 10B in revenue will be so much more
           | painful). Back in the day everyone was running to do
           | something on the web, commercial or not, be it out of
           | enthusiasm, greed, noble aspirations, art or even criminal
           | (warez, anyone?). I won't even mention the iPhone moment
           | here. Compare that to five years into GenAI hype, where is
           | the massive adoption and thousands of applications or at
           | least a single important breakthrough? Where is the AGI some
           | of these "leaders" have been promising to arrive in 2025?
           | Chumming along with Tesla's robotaxis?
        
             | madaxe_again wrote:
             | Right - adoption was slower than people expected at the
             | time, but it _did_ happen, and a lot of the stuff that got
             | thrown at the wall back then did eventually stick.
             | 
             | We are absolutely in a hype and market bubble around AI
             | right now - and like the dot com bubble, the growth came
             | not in 2000, but years later. It turns out it takes time
             | for a new technology to percolate through society, and I
             | use the "mom metric" as a bellwether - if your/my mother is
             | using the tech, you'd better believe it has achieved market
             | penetration.
             | 
             | Until 2011 my mum was absolutely not interested in the web.
             | Now she does most of her shopping on it, and spends her
             | days boomerposting.
             | 
             | She recently decided to start paying for ChatGPT.
             | 
             | Sure, it's a fuzzy thing, but I think the adoption cycle
             | this time around will be faster, as the access to the tech
             | is already in peoples' hands, and there are plenty of folks
             | who are already finding useful applications for genai.
             | 
             | Robotaxis, whether they end up dominated by Tesla or waymo
             | or someone else entirely, are inarguably here, and the
             | adoption rates (the USA is not the only market in the
             | world) are ramping significantly this year.
             | 
             | I'm not sure I get your point about smartphones? They're in
             | practically every pocket on the planet, now, they're not
             | some niche thing.
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | Well, both the web1.0 and the smartphones were major
               | inflection points in technological development. I argue
               | that the GenAI is not. Steve Jobs did not need to shove
               | the AppStore down anybodys throat, the way Gemini and
               | other crap are being shoved right now. The growth
               | happened organically and exponentially, because everyone
               | instantly saw value in those products. It happened
               | through early adopters and the late majority. Here we
               | have neither. Where are the thousands, well even hundreds
               | of applications that the end users actually want to use?
               | Your mum, based on your description fits more into the
               | category of laggards, and that category never determines
               | anything about a product/technology impact.
        
       | K0balt wrote:
       | The "bloodbath" will be slow but is quite likely to be
       | significant.
       | 
       | AI / GP robotic labor will not penetrate the market so much in
       | existing companies, which will have huge inertial buffers, but
       | more in new companies that arise in specific segments where the
       | technology proves most useful.
       | 
       | The layoffs will come not as companies replace workers with AI,
       | but as AI companies displace non-AI companies in the market,
       | followed by panicked restructuring and layoffs in those companies
       | as they try to react, probably mostly unsuccessfully.
       | 
       | Existing companies don't have the luxury of buying market share
       | with investor money, they have to make a profit. A tech darling
       | AI startup powered by unicorn farts and inference can burn
       | through billions of SoftBank money buying market share.
        
         | xpe wrote:
         | I find this plausible. Is the data starting to show this?
        
           | K0balt wrote:
           | There might be some, but I think it's still early.
           | 
           | For the moment, AI is enabling a bunch of stuff that was too
           | expensive or time consuming to do before (flooding the
           | commons with shiny garbage and pedantic text to drive
           | "engagement".
           | 
           | Despite the hype, It's going to be 2-3 years before AI
           | application really fall into stride, and 3-7 before general
           | purpose robotics really get up to speed.
        
       | veunes wrote:
       | If the product can't speak for itself, scare people into
       | believing it will soon
        
       | jona777than wrote:
       | There will likely be more jobs because of AI. With more
       | "knowledge", comes more responsibility. Spam folders only exist
       | because of automated emails. That classification process is more
       | work. We may find there are more needs to meet as AI advances,
       | not less.
       | 
       | The fallacy is in the statement "AI will replace jobs." This
       | shirks responsibility, which immediately diminishes credibility.
       | If jobs are replaced or removed, that's a choice we as humans
       | have made, for better or worse.
        
       | givemeethekeys wrote:
       | Many people are unable to find jobs because they are too old.
       | 
       | Even older people prefer to hire younger people.
        
         | throwaway314155 wrote:
         | Okay? What does that have to do with anything?
        
       | givemeethekeys wrote:
       | There is an AI bloodbath that is adding to supply of labor in all
       | low hanging fields that aren't yet being decimated by AI.
        
       | franczesko wrote:
       | AI bubble burst will come first.
        
       | Lu2025 wrote:
       | don't think that the white collar layoffs of the last 3-4 years
       | are due to AI. The tech layoffs of 2022 are explained in part by
       | the impact of 2017 tax reform. Before 2022, the research and
       | development expenses could be written off taxes as a tax credit
       | in the same year. It's a dollar to dollar reduction of tax
       | liability. Tech companies classify a lot of their work as R&D. So
       | those overpaid Facebook coders are essentially public charges!
       | Somebody up thread said that programmers are disproportionately
       | highly compensated in the US. They are, because it's not
       | companies who pay for them, it's taxpayers, indirectly. Starting
       | 2022, the deal became a bit less sweet. R&D expenses had to be
       | amortized over 5 years. What happened next is a collusion in
       | response to Great Resignation. Several large tech companies
       | conspired to have layoffs at the same time as a salary
       | compression move. The AI statements are mostly a scare tactic to
       | put pressure on employees. For some industries and applications
       | AI is revolutionary, but for coding it's good at autocomplete and
       | not much else.
        
       | nova22033 wrote:
       | Does anyone have any experience with using AI tools on a massive
       | legacy code base?
        
       | HenryBemis wrote:
       | > To be clear, Amodei didn't cite any research or evidence for
       | that 50%
       | 
       | This reminds me the "Walter White" meme "I am the documentation".
       | When the CEO of a company that makes LLM says something like
       | that, "I perk up and listen" (to quote the article).
       | 
       | When a doctor says "water in my village is bad quality, it gives
       | diarrhea to 30% of the villagers", I don't need a fancy study
       | from some university. The doctor "is the documentation". So if
       | the Anthropic/ChatGPT/LLaMa/etc. (mixing companies and products,
       | it's ok though) say that "so-and-so", they see the integrations,
       | enhancements, compliments, companies ordering _more_
       | subscriptions, etc.
       | 
       | In my current company (high volume, low profit margin) they told
       | us "go all in on AI". They see that (e.g. with Notion-like-tools)
       | if you enable the "AI", that thing can save _a lot_ of time on
       | "Confluence-like" tasks. So, paying $20-$30-$40 per person, per
       | month, and that thing improving the productivity/output of an FTE
       | by 20%-30% is a massive win.
       | 
       | So yes, we keep the ones we got (because mass firings, ministry
       | of 'labour', unions, bad marketing, etc.). Headcount will
       | organically be reduced (retirements, getting a new job, etc.)
       | combined with minimizing new hires, and boom! savings!!
        
       | throwaway48476 wrote:
       | The white collar bloodbath is the jobs that could have been
       | automated pre AI but weren't due to organizational inertia,
       | corporate freedom building and an unwillingness to invest.
        
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