[HN Gopher] Player Piano Rolls
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       Player Piano Rolls
        
       Author : brudgers
       Score  : 62 points
       Date   : 2025-05-30 02:58 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (omeka-s.library.illinois.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (omeka-s.library.illinois.edu)
        
       | jf wrote:
       | I clicked on the link guessing, and then hoping, that it would
       | have MIDI files of the piano rolls. Not so, but archive.org has
       | at least 14,233: https://archive.org/details/pianorollmusic.com-
       | midifiles
        
         | brudgers wrote:
         | I found the link because I was curious if player piano rolls
         | could record live playing. Yes.
         | 
         | What sparked my curiosity is 21 Pianomation Floppy disks that
         | arrived yesterday with a recently eBay'd Yamaha Midi Data Filer
         | 3. Pianomation is a system QRS corporation fits on grand pianos
         | to allow them to operate as player pianos.
         | 
         | QRS is still in business and started out making piano rolls
         | around 1900 and quickly invented a machine to record pianists
         | live performances. https://www.qrsmusic.com/
         | 
         | Anyway, the floppy disks are approximately album length
         | collections of Midi files and quite a few of the Midi files say
         | who played the piano. Given when some of the players died, the
         | Midi is almost certainly converted from piano rolls.
         | 
         | I've been playing them back through a Yamaha General Midi era
         | piano voice...and $10,000 hands on a two dollar guitar surely
         | does sound better than two dollar hands on a $10,000 guitar.
         | 
         | But Liberace might be spinning in his grave...I ran his data
         | into the Honky Tonk Piano.
        
           | jf wrote:
           | I love this background information. I hope you're backing up
           | those MIDI files!
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | Probably not.
             | 
             | I expect to test the rest of them...I suspect they all
             | work...then resell them on eBay.
             | 
             | Backing up data is not a hobby that interests me, hard copy
             | rolls exist, the company is still in business, and the
             | files are still under copyright.
        
           | pantulis wrote:
           | > but Liberace might be spinning in his grave
           | 
           | At 10000 rpm, not one less.
        
             | IAmBroom wrote:
             | Not 78?
        
         | nofunsir wrote:
         | Fun trivia about piano rolls and copyright which us software
         | nerds might find interesting:
         | 
         | "White-Smith Music Publishing Company v. Apollo Company, 209
         | U.S. 1 (1908), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the
         | United States which ruled that manufacturers of music rolls for
         | player pianos did not have to pay royalties to the composers."
         | 
         | "The main issue was whether or not something had to be directly
         | perceptible (meaning intelligible to an ordinary human being)
         | for it to be a "copy."
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-Smith_Music_Publishing_C...
        
           | zeven7 wrote:
           | > "The main issue was whether or not something had to be
           | directly perceptible (meaning intelligible to an ordinary
           | human being) for it to be a "copy."
           | 
           | Why doesn't the same argument apply to a CD? or an MP3?
        
             | medler wrote:
             | > "This case was subsequently eclipsed by Congress's
             | intervention in the form of an amendment to the Copyright
             | Act of 1909, introducing a compulsory license for the
             | manufacture and distribution of such "mechanical"
             | embodiments of musical works."
        
             | AStonesThrow wrote:
             | A CD and MP3s consist of recorded performances. A player
             | piano roll contains the instructions for a performance,
             | basically a transcription of sheet music, or a recording of
             | someone performing a work. (Didn't read court findings for
             | scope.)
             | 
             | Works (sheet music and lyrics) and recordings (committing
             | it to media or storage) and performances can be distinctly
             | copyrighted and separately licensed. But a CD track
             | represents all 3 of those put together through "sweat of
             | the brow", usually by multiple parties.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | Not strictly true. Player piano rolls were not made by
               | mechanical transciption; a human actually played the
               | music into a recording device (at least towards the end
               | of the era). Because of this, we have a "recording" of
               | Scott Joplin playing one of his rags. Dynamics are not
               | preserved, but actual timing is.
        
         | madcaptenor wrote:
         | Any idea how they generate these? It seems like you could
         | unroll a piano roll, scan it optically, and generate MIDI from
         | it, but I'm having trouble searching because "MIDI" + "piano
         | roll" leads only to piano rolls in digital audio workstations.
        
           | madcaptenor wrote:
           | Looks like the magic word is "digitize", and yes, it's a
           | thing - see e. g. https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~kittyshi/pianor
           | oll/pianoroll.htm...
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | Wild that it uses vacuum to detect a hole in the roll.
        
       | nofunsir wrote:
       | I have a working 105+ year old player. Designing a non-
       | destructive way to convert it to be MIDI-controlled and still
       | retain the original function. :)
        
         | brudgers wrote:
         | For your build versus buy decision,
         | https://www.qrsmusic.com/PNOScan.php
        
           | jspaetzel wrote:
           | Love that this company is still around. I've seen some of
           | their rolls in the wild but assumed they were long gone!
        
         | jf wrote:
         | Sweet! Do you have anything written up yet?
        
       | darthcircuit wrote:
       | This article mentions the piano having electric billows for the
       | suction necessary to operate the piano. I had the opportunity to
       | play a piano similar, but with foot pump billows. It took some
       | doing to keep it going! Although the one I played was quite old
       | and in rough shape. It leaked air, but once it was going it was
       | great fun.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | That's the kind we have. The kids enjoy seeing how fast they
         | can pump the pedals to try to get the songs to play faster.
        
       | Peteragain wrote:
       | Our village church has player piano bells. Only 8 (so it can't
       | play God save the King) but most Sundays Colin plays something to
       | wake us up. Colin restored the mechanism a few years ago. The
       | holes are too small to pass enough vacuum (sic) to ring 27 tons
       | of bell, to there are 2 banks of "vacuum amplifiers" .. and the
       | vacuum head that reads the paper has a feedback loop to align it
       | with the paper. Wow.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | Are you sure it rings the large bells? A carrillon usually has
         | (much) smaller bells. The 50 bells of the carillon in the
         | cathedral here weigh around 25.000kg in total, and are played
         | by hammers, not by traditional "ringing" (which would make it
         | hard to control rhythmically).
        
       | addaon wrote:
       | Well this is completely off-topic, but the thought was
       | prompted...
       | 
       | I have been working through the Levar Burton Reads podcast while
       | driving, and just last weekend listened to his reading of Amar
       | El-Mohtar's "Pockets," in which a player piano roll plays an
       | important, well, role.
       | 
       | Levar does a short recap at the end of each story... and for this
       | story, I ended up with a /very/ different understanding of the
       | story than he did -- his uplifting, optimistic understanding is
       | absolutely consistent with the words of the story... but ignores
       | that the piano roll is not just an arbitrary object (like,
       | perhaps, the pomander is), but /is a piano roll/, which has
       | meaning in the story's universe. And I think with that
       | considered, the alternate reading is much more sinister...
       | 
       | Anyhow, "Reading Rainbow for adults" is pretty awesome, and
       | hopefully the above hint pushes a few people to check it out.
        
       | cturner wrote:
       | I have in the region of 200 piano rolls in London. Classical
       | emphasis, for example, lots of bach and beethoven. The piano
       | player itself is long gone. The roll collection has been picked
       | over, there will be no monetary high value items. If anyone wants
       | the collection, we could coordinate, I am cratuki at the google
       | service.
        
         | SlackSabbath wrote:
         | The Musical Museum in Brentford might take them off your hands.
         | They have a large collection of fully operational and lovingly
         | restored self-playing instruments.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | There's also a piano player museum in Amsterdam, should they
           | not be interested: https://www.pianolamuseum.online/en/
        
       | mikecarlton wrote:
       | Found this fun video from the 1980's about the QRS roll
       | production from the QRS site.
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3FTaGwfXPM
        
       | SoftTalker wrote:
       | I wonder how many times people would "hack" the "program" on the
       | paper roll by cutting new openings or blocking existing ones.
        
         | alex_young wrote:
         | Improvisation please.
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | I museum I went to many years ago had a functioning player-piano
       | playing the Gershwin _Rhapsody In Blue_ reproducing roll. It had
       | an impressive amount of dynamic variation for a purely mechanical
       | reproduction made with 1914-era technology (recording was made in
       | 1925, but per TFA the reproducing roll technology was introduced
       | in 1914).
        
       | vintermann wrote:
       | Many years ago, I had some fun training simple machine learning
       | models on piano roll midis I'd downloaded from various public
       | repositories.
       | 
       | Here's a "waltz" produced by a grid-lstm, a long obsolete LSTM
       | variant:
       | 
       | https://m.soundcloud.com/vintermann/lstm-waltz
       | 
       | Probably more interesting to get a feel for the failure modes of
       | old LSTM variants than for the music, but maybe someone on hacker
       | news will appreciate it.
        
       | twelvechairs wrote:
       | Worth noting the great master of the player piano roll as an
       | instrument in itself was Conlon Nancarrow
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conlon_Nancarrow
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | Also worth noting is that his music was rather avant-garde. A
         | predecessor of "black midi," if you will.
        
           | Applejinx wrote:
           | Certainly I will. That's a great analogy, to the point that
           | you could argue he WAS 'black midi', just on a related
           | instrument. He was doing no-velocity black midi on a
           | mechanical instrument.
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | Related, one of my all-time favorite youtube videos, Joe Rinaudo
       | on the American Fotoplayer: https://youtu.be/S5nHjCWl_Xg?t=81
       | 
       | If you've never seen it, do yourself a favor.
        
       | bgwalter wrote:
       | "AI" people are grasping at straws in order to point out old
       | "automation".
       | 
       | Piano rolls were popular for a while before the advent of better
       | recording techniques. The artists that recorded them were
       | superstars _and all credit went to them_. It increased their
       | popularity.
       | 
       | Piano rolls enable us to (very imperfectly) listen to Busoni, von
       | Sauer and other giants. They are unambiguously a good thing.
        
       | bityard wrote:
       | In the house I grew up in, we had an old upright player piano
       | with at least 250 rolls sitting in a rack on top. The piano
       | itself was severely out of tune and a bunch of the key tops were
       | missing. The piano had a motor and vacuum, but neither worked, so
       | you had to pump the pedals to make it play.
       | 
       | I spent many rainy afternoons sitting at that thing. I always
       | wanted to fix it up and make it work (and look) like it was
       | supposed to, but my parents sold it before I was old enough to
       | acquire the skill to do so.
        
       | davidjade wrote:
       | I have a pretty vivid memory of reading an article in the late
       | 70's or 80's in a computer magazine (BYTE?) of a
       | hardware/software project to digitize piano rolls. They were
       | digitizing original Gershwin (he created a lot of piano rolls)
       | and discovering new things about the way he played. I've search
       | and searched but cannot find that article anywhere.
        
       | coisasdavida wrote:
       | I often use the term "pianola" to search the Vinted plataform for
       | keyboards. Apparently italians use this term for stuff they don't
       | think too much of. Recently I used the same "trick" on the
       | Wallapop plataform. But Wallapop has a higher dose of spanish and
       | portuguese in the mix. They use the term in a different way and
       | the search results are usually flooded with piano rolls. It would
       | be cool to buy all those lots just to check out which songs they
       | contain.
        
       | allturtles wrote:
       | Kurt Vonnegut's _Player Piano_ (1952) has a lot of relevance
       | these days. [0]
       | 
       | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Player_Piano_(novel)
        
       | mmmlinux wrote:
       | If any one in Maryland wants the player part out of a player
       | piano please let me know its taking up space in my house. I had
       | plans to make it a MIDI machine, but it's been years... yours for
       | free if you come get it. 10$ if you make me drag it somewhere.
        
       | quantified wrote:
       | I grew up with a player piano, and watching it play was as good
       | as listening to it. Intuitive, not complex in interactions but
       | sizable, like an 96-bit data bus. Tubes to ferry air from the
       | pump to 88 keys, plus volume and pedal controls. Of course with
       | my first computer I wanted to digitize this, but breaking into
       | the antique hardware was not a welcome idea to the owner.
        
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       (page generated 2025-05-30 23:02 UTC)