[HN Gopher] The Art of Fugue - Contrapunctus I (2021)
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       The Art of Fugue - Contrapunctus I (2021)
        
       Author : xeonmc
       Score  : 95 points
       Date   : 2025-05-27 13:25 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ethanhein.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ethanhein.com)
        
       | diego_moita wrote:
       | Wow! Each recording is better than the other!
       | 
       | As a non-musician sometimes I have difficulty on following Bach's
       | contrapunctus, particularly on orchestral and organ works.
       | 
       | I like how most recordings here slow down the tempo, allowing us,
       | the ignoramus, to follow the melodic lines.
       | 
       | If you like this approach I highly recommend a few recordings of
       | the Brandenburg Concertos with slower tempo made by an orchestra
       | in St. Petersburg under a maestro called Alexander Titov.
        
         | treetalker wrote:
         | For the last week I've been listening to the recordings by The
         | Academy of Ancient Music under Egarr, and by the Concerto
         | Italiano under Alessandrini. The latter is fun and raw and
         | jaunty -- it feels much more alive than the Academy of St.
         | Martin in the Fields / Sir Neville Mariner recordings.
         | 
         | Will check out the St. Petersburg Opera Orchestra / Titov
         | recordings today -- thanks for the recommendation!
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | You can enjoy them either way: you can try to follow the
         | individual voices, or listen to the overall texture, and you
         | can switch too. It's all about enjoying the music as deeply as
         | you can. Listen to it again, listen to other performances or
         | re-arrangements, and see what you like best. There are people
         | who don't like the organ, but many have been transcribed. Some
         | organ pieces work even better on piano than organ.
         | 
         | But it's not for everyone. I had a colleague who called the
         | violin double concerto tedious and long-winding, whereas I
         | think of it as a fantastic piece which by itself is enough to
         | put Bach in the top tier.
        
         | IggleSniggle wrote:
         | To be quite frank, as a high-trained musician, I like almost
         | all of Bach's works played slower. You can almost always slow
         | them down _more_ than whatever you think is too slow and find
         | new things to appreciate. Paulstretch to the rescue!
        
       | conorbergin wrote:
       | Bach's fugues are amazing, they sound great on harpsichords and
       | organs, whereas some piano music sounds very wrong when it is
       | payed without all the volume modulation, the fugues are carried
       | by the interactions between the melodies, the counterpoint.
        
         | username223 wrote:
         | Bach in general is amazing in terms of surviving all sorts of
         | transcription and mutilation. Compare the Little Organ Fugue as
         | originally intended:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddbxFi3-UO4
         | 
         | to the a cappella version by the Swingle Singers:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhU7euFPWwo
         | 
         | Some music is very much tied to a particular instrument, but
         | Bach is more or less universal.
        
       | dmansen wrote:
       | I fell in love with this piece hearing Michael Winograd play it
       | on clarinet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTsQ-TbQReI
        
         | AriedK wrote:
         | Ah yes, Vulfmon! Jack Stratton seems to love his Fugues.
         | 
         | In case you haven't already: check out Vulfpeck /// Bach Vision
         | Test; a really nice visualization of Contrapunctus IX a 4 alla
         | duodecima.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/vJfiOuDdetg?si=GF1mbszFHOky2QVd
        
       | jll29 wrote:
       | Amazing how Glenn Gould caresses that piano, in a performance
       | that is almost a spiritual act.
       | 
       | Apart from geek toys that often cause more hassle and annoyance
       | than they're worth, the most appreciated material things that I
       | purchased in the first half century of my life are:
       | 
       | * The Art of Computer Programming (purchased the first volume
       | aged 16, decades later I'm still waiting for volume 4 to be
       | completed)
       | 
       | * Encyclopedia Britannica
       | 
       | * J. S. Bach: The complete organ Works on ten CDs.
       | 
       | The Voyager space craft contains a disc with Bach's, The Well-
       | Tempered Clavier, Book 2, Prelude and Fugue in C, No. 1 on it,
       | and the joke among space folks goes, one day a radio telescope
       | will receive a message deciphered as S-E-N-D M-O-R-E B-A-C-H!
       | 
       | Don't waste your life striving to be fashionable, aspire eternal
       | beauty and knowledge!
       | 
       | PS: I like the visualization, thanks for this blog post and
       | bringing the beauty of Bach that is almost out of this world into
       | a bleak Tuesday afternoon [on which nasty people drop bombs on
       | children and people too stupid for the power they carry keep
       | quiet about it]. I would like to see another visualization, which
       | shows the music scores smooth-scrolling from right to left with
       | all tones currently being played highlighted in yellow, and below
       | the scores I'd like to see the hands playing said tones on the
       | organ, all in temporal alignment.
        
         | masswerk wrote:
         | Ad Gould: The phrasing at around 2:40, where he has this voice
         | stepping into the previously dominant legato voices, is
         | tremendous!
        
         | billfruit wrote:
         | How did the Art of Computer Programming help you in those
         | years?
        
           | viccis wrote:
           | Looks damn good on the bookshelf lol (I say with 3 volumes of
           | the second edition right behind me)
           | 
           | I've used it to settle a few combinatorics arguments over the
           | years too.
        
       | mykowebhn wrote:
       | Being able to compose fugues well is notoriously difficult.
       | 
       | Mozart was never able to.
       | 
       | Beethoven on the other hand...
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosse_Fuge
       | https://youtu.be/hUaziUz4jx0
        
         | baruchel wrote:
         | So you want to write a fugue?
         | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=8sogUjiqg2c
        
         | castillar76 wrote:
         | A music history prof in college described this as "the ultimate
         | raised middle-finger to the audience -- Beethoven at his most
         | I'm-writing-for-me-only."
        
         | cynicalkane wrote:
         | Mozart wrote several fugues considered very good, the most
         | famous of which is the Kyrie from his Requiem, which is a
         | double fugue to boot.
        
         | vouaobrasil wrote:
         | Check out John Mortensen's YouTube channel.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/@cedarvillemusic/videos
         | 
         | He can improvise fugues on the spot. A lot of earlier composers
         | could do so as well because their training from the get-go was
         | improvisation.
        
         | vixen99 wrote:
         | I thought I would check out your comment against other
         | opinions: " Mozart's contact with the mastery of the German
         | contrapuntal tradition opened a completely new musical horizon.
         | He produced a number of stand-alone fugues, and this newly
         | gained compositional skill helped to inform the creation of his
         | final sublime orchestral masterpieces. Words simply can't
         | describe the jaw-dropping and breathtaking fugal display of
         | quintuple invertible counterpoint in the final movement of the
         | "Jupiter."
         | 
         | We should all listen to the Jupiter and decide for ourselves if
         | 'Mozart was never able to'.
         | 
         | https://interlude.hk/fugues-and-other-musical-charms-from-ba...
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | > Mozart was never able to.
         | 
         | * ending of the last movement of the Jupiter Symphony
         | 
         | * Introitus of the Requiem (four-voice ricercare in the
         | instruments, then cascading upward in SATB choral writing,
         | _both_ combined with an operatic-style accompaniment)
         | 
         | Here's a mind-blowing one-- at the end of his String Quartet K.
         | 387 in G major. This is a modified rondo-sonata form where the
         | rising figure of the rondo theme-- normally just a simple,
         | catchy, tune-- is actually the subject and answer of a fugue!
         | I'm fairly certain Mozart is the only composer of his era to
         | substitute a fugal exposition for the rondo theme in a modified
         | rondo-sonata form[1].
         | 
         | Even more impressive, the 2nd theme is a different fugue which
         | continues into the rondo theme for-- you guessed it-- a double
         | fugue.
         | 
         | All of this is so fast, effervescent and seamless that someone
         | like OP could be forgiven for not even noticing the fugue. So
         | now OP must ask-- how many _other_ examples are there of Mozart
         | subtly shifting into and out of first-rate Bach-like
         | contrapuntal textures?
         | 
         | It's a question Beethoven undoubtedly knew the answer to, at
         | least for all the Mozart scores he could get his hands on.
         | 
         | 1: Haydn has a great musical joke at the end of the so-called
         | "Lark" quartet-- in the middle of a fast, old-school Rondo he
         | switches to minor and plonks down a thick four voice fugal
         | exposition and development _against_ the fast-flowing
         | figuration from earlier. It disappears as quickly as it came,
         | like Carl Stalling but before the era of cartoons!
        
           | IggleSniggle wrote:
           | It took me until my 40s to _really_ enjoy Mozart. The thing
           | is, if you approach it from the stodgy perspective of a
           | "Classical Music Enthusiast" then it's easy to miss what's
           | delightful about it, but if you aren't trained in listening
           | to classical music, it's not that accessible.
           | 
           | It's like that with a lot of jokes. If they don't make you
           | grin and laugh, it's hard to "get" what's so special about
           | them. Bach you can kinda just zone into and gradually uncover
           | what's special (or not), and just keep uncovering, or fuguing
           | out, or whatever. Mozart, the joke is here and gone, and if
           | you missed it, the whole thing just kinda doesn't seem all
           | that special.
           | 
           | Like a joke, you can have the punchline explained to you, but
           | it won't make it funny, and you'll question the taste of
           | those who do. But if you find yourself grinning, you'll only
           | find more things to grin at the more you listen. As a kid and
           | young adult I kinda hated Mozart. I was really surprised when
           | I started liking it, more and more, and now I can't get
           | enough.
           | 
           | That's been my experience with Mozart, anyway.
        
         | mykowebhn wrote:
         | First, I did want to point out that my claim that "Mozart was
         | never able to" didn't mean that I thought he wasn't able to
         | compose fugues, rather I thought he wasn't able to compose
         | fugues WELL--definite emphasis on "well".
         | 
         | Second, what I mean by "composing a fugue well" is to be able
         | compose a piece or movement whereby three or more, usually
         | four, voices are heard in a contrapuntal, not harmonic, manner
         | for an EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME (i.e., maintaining this for many
         | measures).
         | 
         | I looked closely at some of the examples people brought up like
         | the last movements of both the Jupiter Symphony and his String
         | Quartet No. 14 and nowhere do I see 4 voices simultaneously
         | acting contrapuntally for more than just a handful of bars.
         | Mozart would often write a given voice contrapuntally, but
         | would often quickly revert that voice to a harmonic function.
         | If you look at measures 91 to 106 in the last mvt of Quartet
         | No. 14, that writing is a joke if you say he can write fugally.
         | The second violin, viola, and cello are all mainly serving a
         | harmonic function; they're just playing chords. One part that
         | might look truly fugal would be in measures 112 to 117, but
         | that's just one small part and not extended, as in the great
         | fugues of Bach and Beethoven. Measures 61 to 90 kind of look
         | truly fugal, but he really only has 3 voices going
         | contrapuntally here at any given time, not 4. Look at measures
         | 63 until 68 where the cello is playing an extended rest, for
         | example.
         | 
         | Yes, Mozart wrote fugues. Did he write truly sophisticated,
         | truly "fugal" fugues? I still think not.
        
       | treetalker wrote:
       | For the J.S. Bach fans, here's a fun site that organizes his
       | cantatas calendrically: https://whichbachcantata.be/
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | BBC Radio 3 has show _Record Review_ (aka _Building a Library_ )
       | where they go over various recordings of a particular work and
       | recommend particular one(s):
       | 
       | * https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06w2121/episodes/player
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | The Netherlands Bach Society is trying to record all the works of
       | Bach and make them available:
       | 
       | * https://www.bachvereniging.nl/en/allofbach
        
       | kkylin wrote:
       | Since no one else has done it, I'll plug the Canadian Brass
       | recording -- it's one of my favorite recordings of the Art of the
       | Fugue, and (among many other things) just shows how flexible and
       | instrument-agnostic this music is.
        
         | organman91 wrote:
         | I adore the Canadian Brass' recording, and also the other Bach
         | pieces they have transcribed.
         | 
         | I'd also like to plug the album released by the Academy of St.
         | Martin in the Fields, who did a double album of the Art of
         | Fugue and the Musical Offering, and used a variety of different
         | scorings for each movement.
        
         | queuebert wrote:
         | This and their Pachelbel's Canon were what ignited my love for
         | classical music as a child.
        
       | yousif_123123 wrote:
       | The Emerson quartet version blew me away when I first heard it. I
       | recommend it over the piano versions because I think you hear the
       | full extent of the voices better (coming from someone that loves
       | and play the piano).
        
       | vixen99 wrote:
       | The Art of Fugue itself was unfinished but if as the story goes,
       | he died as he was penning the last bar of fugue 15, then he kind
       | of signed himself out in the sense that the notes corresponding
       | to the letters (in German) BACH are spelled as a motif as B flat,
       | A, C and B natural in the 8th to the 5th bar before the final bar
       | which is unfinished. I have no idea if this true. We do know that
       | this unfinished fugue was the last piece he wrote.
        
       | ethanhein wrote:
       | Every once in a while I get a giant traffic bump on an old post,
       | and it's because someone shared it here. It's always a nice
       | surprise. Thanks for reading!
        
         | xeonmc wrote:
         | Thank you for the wonderful post. I was humming the Nomai
         | leitmotif from Outer Wilds[0] when two earworms came up
         | simlutaneously: this, and the Little Fugue, and for some reason
         | they comingled in my mind that I couldn't remember which
         | subject was which, so I went googling which was how I found
         | your post.
         | 
         | [0] https://youtu.be/zHm-GAuy8CI?si=8iSgsn_D5g0LFovt&t=72
        
         | MomsAVoxell wrote:
         | Excellent article and great analysis of the state of the fugue
         | - your insight has motivated me to dig out some Bach from the
         | old piano bench and give things a bit of a bash.
         | 
         | As a musician, stuck in a bit of a rut of late, this kind of
         | thing really helps get the juice flowing again. I've spent 15
         | minutes churning through some fingering and activating old
         | muscle memory I'd forgotten about completely since the piano
         | lesson days, and tonight's jam session with my band is going to
         | have some new flavours to introduce.
         | 
         | Good stuff, thank you!
        
       | viccis wrote:
       | The visualizations here remind me of the old Bach WTC analysis
       | and commentary website that used David Korevaar's performance
       | (and some others for the ones on organ or harpsichord) and Tim
       | Smith's analysis. Problem was, they were all done using Flash.
       | 
       | Some amazing person uploaded video versions to Youtube. I would
       | highly recommend them:
       | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYwl4jo5DoXTTPY0P8Tlc...
       | 
       | This one in particular is beautiful:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9ShwIrMJlU
        
       | codedokode wrote:
       | I can understand when there are 2 voices, but when there are 4
       | independent voices how on Earth does one follow them.
        
         | gatlin wrote:
         | I prefer to simply be taken along.
        
         | moritzwarhier wrote:
         | It happens when you don't think about it.
         | 
         | Practising Bach's music certainly helps.
         | 
         | But yes, just letting it flow and paying attention without
         | trying to learn or remember anything, is probably the best
         | answer.
         | 
         | It's like an orchestra (or the different sections of one), the
         | melodies are written to fit together perfectly.
         | 
         | There are many almost "poppy" feeling fugues in the Well-
         | tempered clavier with four voices.
         | 
         | In comparison, The Art of Fugue feels more academic and dry to
         | me personally. I still like it, but don't feel as connected to
         | it in as to many of his other works.
         | 
         | Tangent ahead: even good pop songs require melodies that are
         | more than just homophonic. Best example in rock, pop, disco for
         | this are good bass lines I think.
         | 
         | Incidentally, "bass lines" are also an important fixture in the
         | history of baroque music.
         | 
         | I'm not preaching here, I'm not good at music theory or playing
         | music. But I think many pop songs also follow counterpoint
         | rules, at least to a degree. There are also varying degrees of
         | strictness regarding these rules in Bach's music.
         | 
         | It doesn't need to be an academic puzzle as many make it out to
         | be, I think the intent was to formalize how to write good music
         | for multiple voices.
         | 
         | All that said ... you are still right :D
         | 
         | But it's even more impressive the way solo keyboard artists can
         | articulate these voices.
         | 
         | Not to mention the organists.
        
       | devrandoom wrote:
       | Fugues are still being written. Here's one from 2016, although a
       | bit controversial:
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=RZxCAqCUgug
        
         | leephillips wrote:
         | I don't see anything controversial there.
        
       | chasil wrote:
       | Here is a free recording of a piano performance of the Art of the
       | Fugue by Kimiko Ishizaka:
       | 
       | https://kimikoishizaka.bandcamp.com/album/j-s-bach-the-art-o...
       | 
       | This artist also has a free recording of her Goldberg Variations
       | available:
       | 
       | https://opengoldbergvariations.org/
       | 
       | Her bandcamp page also has the Well-Tempered Clavier, and two of
       | her own albums:
       | 
       | https://kimikoishizaka.bandcamp.com/
        
       | sambapa wrote:
       | Also worth reading:
       | https://listenlearnanddo.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/bach-badas...
        
       | mike_ivanov wrote:
       | Also, let us never forget what Laibach have done to it
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_k0PDQPcIZG5_gJ...
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Such a pleasure to read. using beats seemed almost profane at
       | first but it allows for chunking the complexity where it could
       | really help someone _get_ what 's going on. I don't listen to the
       | fugues much, and really mainly guitar arrangements of his work
       | I'd like to be able to play one day (allegro assai, lute suite
       | prelude, etc), but it's hard not to get mystical about it.
       | jubilance is the word I'd use for his work. for me the music
       | forms an imaginary navigable space when I hear it, and as
       | everything that lives can hear and count, every piece seems like
       | a meditation on what can be aligned, harmonious, and essentially,
       | _True_ in a universal sense- the awe of a creation for its
       | creator.
       | 
       | I'm an absolute amateur dilettante musician, but for someone just
       | starting to hear his work, I'd suggest the skill is in being able
       | to listen for separate voices and then follow them, and then to
       | practice following them in simple pieces with enough dissonance
       | in them to make you intellectually keep track of what's going on.
       | the simplest possible polyphony someone can use to hone their
       | attention that has analogues to early music may actually be Arvo
       | Part's work, as once you can separate voices, the richness of
       | Bach and other composers kind of explodes.
       | 
       | great fan of hein's writing, a pleasure to be reminded of it and
       | to get to comment.
        
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       (page generated 2025-05-27 23:00 UTC)