[HN Gopher] Is TfL losing the battle against heat on the Victori...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Is TfL losing the battle against heat on the Victoria line?
        
       Author : zeristor
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2025-05-25 09:01 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.swlondoner.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.swlondoner.co.uk)
        
       | Y_Y wrote:
       | > Historically, the Underground infrastructure offered a respite
       | from warm weather, indicated in Austin Cooper's 'It is cooler
       | below' poster, issued in 1924 by the Underground group to promote
       | a more comfortable experience of travel during warm weather.
       | 
       | A century of burrowing commuter-worms unfortunately managed to
       | bake all the beautiful wet clay that kept the tunnels tolerable
       | when the sun was shining about.
       | 
       | It seems straightforward to me that it would be enough to
       | rehydrate the ground. Just need (approximately),
       | 400km of track * 25m average depth * 3m tunnel width * 20%
       | moisture content of wet clay       = 6 billion litres of water
       | 
       | Sounds like a lot but it's only about 1/300th of the yearly flow
       | of the Thames.
        
         | lloydatkinson wrote:
         | Have you thought of suggesting this to TfL? There has to be
         | something here.
        
           | thyristan wrote:
           | Unfortunately, hydrating clay is extremely hard to do. Clay
           | is what you use as a water-tight material in dams, artificial
           | lakes, waste dumps and stuff like that, because water doesn't
           | really pass through it.
        
           | rjh29 wrote:
           | Yes, people whose day job is to explore all possible options
           | have surely missed this extremely obvious idea.
        
         | heisenzombie wrote:
         | <man walks into sauna room> Ooh, it's a bit hot in here! I
         | better throw some water on these rocks to cool them down.
         | 
         | Joking aside, I actually don't know how dry it is in the
         | underground, and therefore whether adding water for evaporative
         | cooling would work. I would have assumed it was quite humid,
         | but maybe not?
        
         | ajb wrote:
         | It seems implausible to me that the clay is dehydrated. The
         | Victoria line was only built in the 60s and has a waterproof
         | lining. (It's also built with asbestos cement, unfortunately,
         | which is no doubt a problem when they need to cut it for
         | whatever reason)
        
         | avianlyric wrote:
         | I don't think the hydration of the clay is the important
         | element here. Rather I suspect it's simple just the sheer mass
         | of clay, wet or otherwise, that's involved.
         | 
         | There's a reason why ground source heat pumps work so well.
         | It's because the ground is such a fantastically huge heat
         | sink/source that in most scenarios we consider it capable of
         | sinking or sourcing a practically unlimited amount of heat.
         | 
         | Unfortunately one of the scenarios where this breaks down, is
         | when you stick a bunch of tunnels in the ground, then pump a
         | crap ton of energy into those tunnels years round, and expect
         | the ground to sink all the heat away. Turns out, if you do
         | that, the ground itself starts heating up, and given that clay
         | is a reasonable good insulator, it's like wrapping all those
         | tunnels in wool jumpers.
         | 
         | I would point out as well that all these tunnels are "deep
         | level" tunnels running at an average depth of 24 meters and
         | getting as low as 67 meters. The heat of the sun on the ground
         | surface will have approximately zero impact on the tunnel
         | temperatures. 24 meters of clay is a lot of insulation to work
         | with.
        
       | azernik wrote:
       | "The average temperatures on the Victoria line have risen by
       | almost seven degrees since 2013 - nearly a *30%* increase.
       | 
       | Conversely, the increase in the average annual temperatures
       | across all Underground lines from 2013 to 2024 was merely *seven
       | percent*, placing Victoria's temperature rise vastly above that."
       | 
       | Using percentages to talk about changes in non-Kelvin
       | temperatures is crazy.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | It would definitely be crazy in Fahrenheit, but in centigrade I
         | think it makes some sort of intuitive (if not scientific)
         | sense. (Together with the sea-level assumption we always make
         | in casual temperature discussion anyway.)
        
           | azernik wrote:
           | It makes just as much intuitive sense in Fahrenheit as it
           | does in centigrade.
        
             | perching_aix wrote:
             | Why? The slope of the Fahrenheit scale is different to the
             | Celsius and Kelvin scales, but the slope of the latter two
             | does match.
        
               | meindnoch wrote:
               | Ok. Then please explain what % does the temperature rise
               | when going from 0 Celsius to 5 Celsius!
        
               | stephencanon wrote:
               | Or -1 to 1 Celsius, for that matter.
        
               | chihuahua wrote:
               | Obviously it's -200%, which means that going from -1C to
               | 1C is a drastic decrease in warmness!
        
               | azernik wrote:
               | The slope of the Fahrenheit scale matches that of the
               | Rankine scale.
               | 
               | I would still say that the in the Rankine scale
               | percentage increases make sense, and Fahrenheit changes
               | to not.
               | 
               | The thing that matters isn't the slope, but the zero
               | point; "X% farther from absolute zero" is a useful
               | measurement, "X% farther from an arbitrary zero point" is
               | not. Especially when negative or zero temperatures are
               | involved.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | The slope of the scales has no bearing on whether
               | percentages are meaningful here. The problem with both
               | systems when it comes to percentages is that neither
               | system has 0 set to a natural 0. This leads to an
               | entirely arbitrary point on the scale where decreases in
               | the unit will approach a 100% difference and then
               | suddenly start decreasing again.
               | 
               | If anything Fahrenheit should be less insane because at
               | least the artificial 0 is likely to stay much further
               | away in the data they're quantifying so the percentages
               | stay reasonable.
        
               | perching_aix wrote:
               | Ah right, okay, that makes sense.
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | Early measurements were done by individuals and they were
               | idiosyncratic to the process of discovery/calibration.
               | 
               | Kelvin is refined measurements used to relate to a wider
               | scale of temperatures. Celsius is a metric human scale
               | subset of Kelvin.
        
             | detourdog wrote:
             | Reading this quote made me finally realize why the name
             | centigrade exists. It's a gradient scale of 100.
        
               | tailspin2019 wrote:
               | Reading this comment about the previous quote made me
               | finally realize why the name centigrade exists.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | Maybe because I was brought up with centigrade it makes
             | more sense to me. The centigrade number is how far you are
             | from water freezing. If it goes up 100% then you are twice
             | as far away. I'm not aware that doubling the fahrenheit
             | number has a similar easy to understand meaning?
        
               | ars wrote:
               | > The centigrade number is how far you are from water
               | freezing
               | 
               | The Fahrenheit scale is how far your are from your own
               | body temperature. It was designed that 100 is the
               | temperature of a human. (Adjusted later to 98.6 due to
               | inaccuracies.)
               | 
               | 0 was designed to be as cold as you can get with ice and
               | salt (also ended up being slightly inaccurate).
               | 
               | > Maybe because I was brought up with centigrade it makes
               | more sense to me.
               | 
               | Yup. People brought up on Fahrenheit think it is
               | superior. For temperature neither argument is objectively
               | better. (In contrast to imperial distance measurement
               | with non-powers of 10 and factions, where there are good
               | arguments against it, with temperature both scales are
               | ultimately arbitrary.)
        
           | strken wrote:
           | In both it makes a sort of intuitive sense. 7% of the way
           | from freezing to boiling is a meaningful way to visualise
           | temperature; 7% of the way from ice melting in a bath of salt
           | to slightly above Mrs Fahrenheit's armpit temperature is also
           | meaningful, although perhaps a little idiosyncratic.
           | 
           | Edit: this comment was deeply stupid for obvious reasons and
           | I regret trying to interact with other people when I should
           | be asleep.
        
             | movpasd wrote:
             | The issue is a percentage of a Celsius value is not that.
             | For example, an increase from 1degC to 2degC is a "100%
             | increase", but is only 1 percentage point from freezing to
             | boiling.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | You could say things like that with anything in
               | percentages? 100% increase in your pension from 100k to
               | 200k is only 10% (increase, to 20% total) of your target
               | 1M, or whatever.
        
               | eCa wrote:
               | But in your example, the 10% has nothing at all to do
               | with the increase of 100%.
               | 
               | If your "whatever" target instead was 50k, is the
               | argument that going from 100k to 200k would be 400%?
        
         | casenmgreen wrote:
         | I logged in just to give this an upvote :-)
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | Feynman was complaining about this error appearing in textbooks
         | back in the sixties[0].
         | 
         | The trouble (of course) is that Celsius properly is not a
         | proper unit, but a "scale", or a "unit of difference" (equal to
         | kelvin), or even torsor[1].
         | 
         | The trouble with the kelvin here is that if you see the 7
         | kelvin increase as a proportion of the 295K starting
         | temperature the you only get a 2% increase. Nobody is going to
         | buy your newspaper if you're putting up weak numbers like that.
         | 
         | [0] https://mathematicalcrap.com/2024/03/05/the-feynman-story/
         | [1] https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/torsors.html
        
           | azernik wrote:
           | Then just don't use percentages, and rely on people realizing
           | that a 7 degree difference is big!
        
           | buran77 wrote:
           | To make matters worse, not all ranges and percentages on that
           | scale are equal, whether they're the same in absolute or
           | relative terms. Humans have a narrow relevant "operational"
           | temperature band. Even 20 degrees between 10-30C feel like
           | nothing compared to the 5 degrees between 37-42C.
        
             | hnlmorg wrote:
             | You're right in principle but that's probably the worst
             | example you could have given. So bad an example that I
             | think it could easily be argued to disprove your point.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | For us people not living in Arabia or South Texas the
               | difference between 37 and 42 Celsius is indeed quite
               | important. 37 feels pretty hot, but yet livable, while 42
               | (and even 40 for me) means that nothing non-urgent should
               | bring me out of the house.
        
               | pdpi wrote:
               | And, inversely, the five degree drop from, say, 3C to -2C
               | represents means water can and will freeze, which is
               | another massive change in livability.
        
               | nkoren wrote:
               | Indeed. At 3C in London, the humidity seeps into every
               | pore and settles into your bones. Riding a bike at 3C,
               | unless you're wearing a balaclava and a ski mask, is an
               | exercise in pure pain, as the wetness sublimating off
               | your face has approximately the same effect on your
               | facial nerves as being flayed.
               | 
               | Ok the other hand, -2C in London is crisp and
               | invigorating and entirely preferable in every possible
               | way.
        
             | VBprogrammer wrote:
             | Not to mention that wet bulb temperature, measuring the
             | effect of humidity, is actually the most important measure
             | in those temperature ranges.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | Humidity in London is also awful as the temperature gets
               | closer to freezing. I found the damp cold in London to be
               | common over the year and truly horrid (a reason to never
               | live there).
               | 
               | At home (Christchurch, NZ) we often get dry cold which
               | can be pleasant: however when we do get the occasional
               | vile damp cold I personally call it "London cold" because
               | it made so much impression upon me in my 20s.
        
         | moomin wrote:
         | I don't know if I'm worried about it. While the measurement
         | makes little scientific sense it makes intuitive sense, and,
         | importantly, the intuitive implications are the scientific
         | implications.
         | 
         | It's a huge increase, if not for the reasons they describe.
        
         | nelgaard wrote:
         | And they manage to make it even more crazy by also comparing it
         | to average external temperatures.
         | 
         | == The Victoria Line average temperature in August last year
         | was 60% higher in temperature than the average external
         | temperature that month, measured at 19.5 degrees. ==
         | 
         | Certainly for January it must have been hundreds of percent
         | higher.
         | 
         | And what would the numbers be for e.g., the Moscow metro in
         | winter months where the average outside temperature is
         | negative?
        
         | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
         | Is it? I think it puts the Victoria rise in perspective to the
         | other lines quite effectively.
         | 
         | Everyone knows where the zero is in Celsius using countries
         | anyway and days in the negative are so rare in the UK you can
         | discount them (plus they are none inside the tube).
        
         | zeristor wrote:
         | Yikes. I posted this, and I missed that, something I realised
         | soon into my first year physics degree lab. I learnt more than
         | just dipping calculators in liquid nitrogen for fun.
         | 
         | I apologise.
        
         | brookst wrote:
         | Yep. That 30% is a bad use of statistics.
         | 
         | 28 degrees Celsius is not 30% warmer than 21 degrees Celsius.
         | This same stat rendered in Fahrenheit would say 70 degrees ->
         | 82 degrees, or 17%. In kelvin it would be 294 -> 301, or 2.3%
         | 
         | Or we could invent a new measure indexed to Celsius but offset
         | by 20 degrees, and declare a 1 -> 8 change, a whopping 700%.
        
         | AStonesThrow wrote:
         | So how many decibels louder is it now?
        
       | chiph wrote:
       | Looking at the temperature chart and the significant drop in 2020
       | during the pandemic, the source is certainly the trains and
       | people themselves. (fewer trains moving, less heat added back
       | then). At this point I expect the infrastructure is heat soaked
       | and will need a prolonged period of cooling to bring temps down.
       | i.e. don't expect instant results.
       | 
       | Moving more air through the tunnels, adding A/C systems - both
       | have a problem of needing room up on the surface for blowers and
       | compressors, something that is hard to do in modern London. Tough
       | problem.
        
         | meindnoch wrote:
         | This. Brake friction pumps heat into the ground at a higher
         | rate than it could dissipate away.
        
           | eternauta3k wrote:
           | Aren't they using regenerative braking?
        
             | Zigurd wrote:
             | Some parts of the London underground use passive energy
             | recovery by locating stations nearer to the surface than
             | most of the tunnel between them. Trains start by rolling
             | downhill and when they approach a station, uphill.
        
             | blipvert wrote:
             | Yes.
             | 
             | https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/transparency/freedom-of-
             | informa...
        
               | altairprime wrote:
               | > _If the line is unreceptive, braking energy is
               | dissipated in on-board resistors_
               | 
               | How many watts are dumped into onboard heat-generating
               | resistors on the trains in the most heat-affected lines
               | per week?
               | 
               | Should regenerative braking be disabled in aboveground
               | trains when heat impacts reach uncomfortable levels in
               | belowground tunnels?
               | 
               | > _Regenerated braking energy is transmitted to the
               | London Underground high voltage distribution network_
               | 
               | If regenerative braking oversupply is inducing higher
               | temperatures belowground through on-train resistors, then
               | only an operational change to aboveground mode would be
               | required to minimize that induced heating during times of
               | thermal need.
               | 
               | (Obviously longer-term solutions with non-zero capital
               | expenditure exist that could be pursued in parallel.)
        
               | cranky908canuck wrote:
               | To me, 'disable abovegound regen' feels like not likely
               | to solve the problem, just from a feeling that those
               | systems are not that closely coupled. Otherwise, it seems
               | easy to just keep on doing regen and set up (maybe not
               | even need to: run a cable up to) aboveground dissipation
               | grids.
               | 
               | I will guess that the limit is how much regen current can
               | be passed back from the train into the supply system
               | through the power supply rails / pickup shoes.
               | 
               | If I were making (confess, yes, untrained outsider)
               | suggestions, I'd add water tanks to the trains, use the
               | resistive braking to heat the water (not ambient air)
               | during the trip, then change out the now-hot water for
               | cold at the destination layover points. Not thinking this
               | is a particularly creative solution, sounds like the
               | "pull trains full of ice" already noted. Also this is
               | off-the-cuff, so welcoming critiques!
               | 
               | Speculate: district level heating (wikipedia entry:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_heating) using
               | heat pumps to draw out the tunnel heat; not sure if that
               | is too complex altogether, maybe it would work as a
               | longterm maintenance process but not as a 'fix the
               | current problem' one...?
        
             | zeristor wrote:
             | Believe regenerative breaking is used to supplement Oxford
             | Circus' electricity supply
        
             | avianlyric wrote:
             | The trains in London can be up to 50 years old at this
             | point. Where the technology was available during the
             | building of the trains, you can generally expect
             | regenerative breaking. But it's far from universally
             | available unfortunately.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | I wonder if they can carry hundreds of opened barrels of ice on
         | open-bed trains through the tunnels at night, go slowly and let
         | them melt to water (but kept in the buckets, because you don't
         | want to flood the tunnels)...
        
           | thyristan wrote:
           | They could flood the tunnels with an appropriate amount of
           | liquefied air.
        
           | Andys wrote:
           | Ice blocks were trialed in the past. https://en.wikipedia.org
           | /wiki/London_Underground_cooling#cit...
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | Big fans to pull surface air down into the tubes when the tubes
         | are warmer than surface ambient ? Cool the tunnels, warm the
         | surface.
        
           | avianlyric wrote:
           | Where there's space, this has already been done.
           | Unfortunately for many lines there simply isn't space.
           | 
           | Just about every abandoned station, elevator shaft, and
           | maintenance tunnel on the network is already fitted out with
           | huge fans where possible.
           | 
           | TfL also runs a semi-continuous works project that looks a
           | custom and novel one-off cooling solutions that can be
           | retrofitted into whatever space is left. Including
           | complicated hydronic systems that pump around huge quantities
           | of water where the infrastructure allows for it.
        
       | randallsquared wrote:
       | > _Temperatures hiked as high as 31.1[C] degrees in August 2024
       | [...]_
       | 
       | So, I can imagine that this is a long-term problem, but it seems
       | odd that the panic is setting in already, when some platforms in
       | the NYC subway regularly exceed 40C / 104F every summer? This
       | article seems in a similar genre to the breathless advice to
       | remain inside in Britain when the outside temperature might get
       | above 27C / 81F, otherwise known as a not-particularly-warm
       | spring day in much of the US in most years.
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | > This article seems in a similar genre to the breathless
         | advice to remain inside in Britain when the outside temperature
         | might get above 27C / 81F, otherwise known as a not-
         | particularly-warm spring day in much of the US in most years.
         | 
         | It's really not breathless, because high temperatures and how
         | to handle them is completely absent from the cultural baggage.
         | I don't live in the UK, but in a place which similarly does not
         | have much in the way of high temperatures historically and low
         | AC penetration, and during heat spikes I see a significant
         | fraction of my neighbours with windows wide open at 4PM.
         | 
         | Habituation is also a significant factor. The UK does not get a
         | smooth transition into higher normals, it gets heatwaves.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | I live in the UK and a lot is down to the tabloid newspapers
           | trying to get some sales with 'Horror Heatwave!' type
           | headlines when it's 27C. Brits go on holiday to Spain, we are
           | familiar with heat.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Statistically we know that humans who live somewhere that
             | you'll just die in the regular environment due to climate
             | behave _very differently_ from humans who live in a
             | temperate climate like the UK when the actual temperature
             | warrants the same behaviour. If you live in Nunavut or the
             | Iran  / Pakistan border you already _knew_ that you can
             | just die from temperature extremes and so you need to
             | ensure you stay at a survivable temperature, in Wales it 's
             | quite unexpected.
             | 
             | As a result you actually get many _more_ deaths from
             | extremes in countries where the usual climate is temperate
             | like Britain, even when the actual temperatures aren 't as
             | extreme as in countries where that would be more common.
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | I'm only in London occasionally but I can confirm that some
         | lines are unbearably hot, in the summer I have no idea how
         | people commute in that heat every day. And I'm originally from
         | a much hotter country than the UK.
        
           | philjohn wrote:
           | I commute on the northern line 3 times a week ... it's not
           | fun, but it's bearable ... just.
           | 
           | The trick is, if the window at the end of the carriage isn't
           | open, make a beeline and open it, as the air moving past does
           | help keep you cooler.
        
         | hnlmorg wrote:
         | Surely that says more about how NYC than it does about London?
         | 
         | If I had to suffer overcrowded trains with standing room only,
         | people's armpits in my face and all, at 40C temperatures
         | everyday in the summer, then I wouldn't be laughing at London
         | for trying to avoid the same fate. I'd be complaining that my
         | own city isn't taking their problems seriously enough.
        
       | cherryteastain wrote:
       | > tunnel ventilation installations, chiller systems pumping
       | chilled air into mid-tunnel shafts and regenerative braking to
       | reduce heat generated by trains breaking
       | 
       | The hoops TfL jumps through just to not extend AC to the rolling
       | stock in more lines are baffling. At least we finally got some AC
       | in the new Piccadilly rolling stock.
        
         | pitaj wrote:
         | AC will only make the problem worse in the long term. Picadilly
         | got AC because it has above-ground sections.
        
           | cherryteastain wrote:
           | You can redesign the signalling systems etc to work at even
           | 40C, plenty of countries do it. You can't redesign humans to
           | feel comfortable inside a stuffy carriage at 35C.
        
             | crote wrote:
             | Sure, but that means the stations will _also_ have 40C air.
             | Can the humans handle that? And it 's going to be 42C the
             | next year, 44C the year after, and so on...
        
             | raattgift wrote:
             | What do you do if some incident halts full trains (possibly
             | depowering them but for things like emergency lighting)
             | near the midpoints of longer sections of 40 degC deep
             | tunnels?
        
               | thyristan wrote:
               | You can survive a few hours at that temperature, so not
               | an immediate catastrophe. You should be still able
               | (though not comfortable) to walk to the next emergency
               | exit or station.
        
       | Aachen wrote:
       | Isn't heat free energy in a place like London? I know very little
       | about metro systems so please correct me if this is insane:
       | wouldn't the people living above the tubes be happy to get a heat
       | exchanger (passive) or heat pump (active, but takes more of the
       | heat) that prewarms their hot water supply? People still take
       | warm showers and boil tea and rice/pasta in summer, and in winter
       | the purpose should be obvious. If the water comes in at 30
       | instead of 10 degrees C, you need to add only a few degrees for
       | showers and floor heating
        
         | joshlk wrote:
         | What do you do in the summer when the homes don't want the
         | heat?
        
           | jairuhme wrote:
           | People still take hot showers and use hot water
        
           | crote wrote:
           | That doesn't have to be a problem in practice.
           | 
           | The entire issue is that the earth surrounding the tubes is
           | acting as a giant buffer. Enough heat has been dumped into it
           | over the years that it has _permanently_ warmed up. Draw heat
           | from it during the winter to warm up homes, and it 'll be
           | able to absorb more heat from the tunnel air during the
           | summer.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | And because it's _permanently_ warmed up, the long term
             | consequence is the line becomes a health hazard and has to
             | be closed for increasingly long periods.
             | 
             | When wet bulb > body temp people start getting heat stroke,
             | which leads to fainting and potentially death - a bad look
             | for a public transport system.
             | 
             | The likely remedy is to install gigantic refrigeration
             | units in the ventilation shafts and pump in cold air. This
             | will be hugely expensive to build and run.
             | 
             | But the alternative is a tube line that can't be used. So
             | there may not be much choice.
        
           | Aachen wrote:
           | It won't be zero so spreading it across enough people might
           | already solve it. If that still leads to insufficient demand
           | during the hottest weeks, idk, it's energy, surely there's
           | something useful you can do? Store it for next week, pre-heat
           | water for the nearest steam engine (e.g. gas power plants are
           | steam engines running on methane, so if they have to heat the
           | water by fewer degrees.. The problem will be finding a steam
           | engine close to the heat source), supply it to an industrial
           | process that needs temperatures above ambient (egg breeding
           | for vaccine production? Idk), create electricity from the
           | temperature differential between this system and the Thames
           | water using the Peltier effect
           | 
           | I've surely got a too naive view of economics but if the goal
           | were to not waste resources then there will be things you can
           | do before dumping it into the hot summer air
        
         | metalman wrote:
         | Your are correct in principal, though implimenting your idea,
         | now, is essentialy impossible as installing the plumbing after
         | the fact might cost more than just starting over with a whole
         | new line, and would in fact make things much worse durring the
         | many years it takes to find out if the added systems even work.
         | Given that there is only clay under London, it is by far better
         | to start over and build a whole new line, and/or go all in on a
         | mega high tech ,high pressure refrigeration systems for the
         | human occupancy areas, and hope that there are no break downs
         | in the "hot zones" orrible mess
        
         | tobylane wrote:
         | There is at least one on this line (north of Kings Cross) and
         | one on the Northern line (north of Moorgate). It's for district
         | heating or electricity generation.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >wouldn't the people living above the tubes be happy to get a
         | heat exchanger (passive) or heat pump (active, but takes more
         | of the heat) that prewarms their hot water supply
         | 
         | Ground source heat pumps are expensive to build, even more so
         | in a dense area like London. So even if everything you said is
         | true, I suspect the juice isn't worth the squeeze.
        
           | cranky908canuck wrote:
           | I think you are correct.
           | 
           | In this case, though, the excess heat is a major burden, so
           | there is room to negotiate with a district thermal provider
           | that pays that provider to absorb and redistribute the heat,
           | as long as it's less than the cost to pump it out to the
           | environment.
           | 
           | I'm not saying it's easy (it will likely be a bespoke
           | solution). Given the organizations, I expect the difficulty
           | to be as much business (setting the prices) and political
           | (defending the prices set) as technical.
        
         | hnlmorg wrote:
         | The problem isn't so much finding uses for the heat, it's
         | getting the heat out of the tunnels to begin with.
         | 
         | These are some of the deepest tunnels going under some of the
         | most built up parts of the UK.
        
           | BJones12 wrote:
           | I wonder if an extremely tall subterranean windcatcher [0]
           | with its bottom at the top of a tunnel could passively cool
           | the tunnel.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windcatcher
        
         | jodrellblank wrote:
         | A problem is the clay surrounding the tunnels insulates them -
         | it traps heat because heat flows through it very slowly. So you
         | drill down and put a heat exchanger pipe down there, you pump
         | heat from 3cm of clay around the pipe and now no heat flows
         | through the clay to your pipe even though there's a lot of heat
         | still down there.
         | 
         | Your pipe becomes a tiny worm of cold pipe in a big lump of hot
         | clay and you've done very little to cool the underground or
         | warm your water. That is, if heat moved easily through the
         | stuff then the problem of heat buildup would be easy to solve
         | but in that case heat wouldn't build up so there wouldn't be a
         | problem; and vice-versa.
        
       | philshem wrote:
       | In case you also couldn't guess the "f" in TfL, it's Transport
       | for London.
       | 
       | https://tfl.gov.uk/
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_for_London
        
         | moomin wrote:
         | You can blame Blair, I think, for the fashion of putting "for"
         | into the names of administrative organisations.
        
         | devnullbrain wrote:
         | In case you missed the 4 places it's made explicit in the
         | graphs, or 'London' in the URL.
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | This problem is also an illustration of the potential of
       | geological thermal energy storage.
       | 
       | The thermal time constant of a lump of matter scales as the
       | square of its linear dimensions (for a given geometry). This can
       | easily reach many years for large enough chunks of underground
       | stuff. This is why geothermal energy works at all; the heat
       | energy flowing up from the deep earth is stored for many
       | thousands of years at reachable depths and can be mined. And, if
       | one has excess energy, it could be reinjected underground as heat
       | and later recovered.
        
       | zeristor wrote:
       | I had an idea, perhaps a weird fantasy.
       | 
       | Of a special tube train with blocks of ice. You'd need to have
       | various pits dug in, and pumps to drain the water. Yes water and
       | power electronics is "fraught".
       | 
       | I just like the idea of trains trundling along, blocks of ice
       | being carted out and gradually melting.
       | 
       | Another idea is to move mechs-bots via Underground in a post-
       | apocalyptic scenario, but that's not so relevant here.
        
         | laurencerowe wrote:
         | This was actually tried:
         | https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jun/05/transport.world
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | This would also increase the humidity to swamp-like levels.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Is there a reason why they can't drill a couple bowling ball
       | sized holes at strategic intervals and put some high speed
       | extraction fans in?
       | 
       | Stations entrances are open to outside so if you create enough
       | negative pressure the hottest parts in the tunnels it'll pull in
       | air. Do that long enough and presumably ambient & clay cools?
       | 
       | Presumably engineers dismissed this already, but why?
        
         | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
         | They have added ventilation to the tunnels, it's mentioned in
         | the article. It's more than just a couple bowling sized holes,
         | but apparently still not enough
        
           | thyristan wrote:
           | Unfortunately, hydrating clay is extremely hard to do. Clay
           | is what you use as a water-tight material in dams, artificial
           | lakes, waste dumps and stuff like that, because water doesn't
           | really pass through it.
        
             | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
             | I think you replied to the wrong comment?
        
               | thyristan wrote:
               | Yes, sorry.
        
       | philjohn wrote:
       | Yep ... know people who commute on the Victoria and it doesn't
       | sound fun. I've had to get it when my usual commute on the
       | Northern line was impossible (only once, thankfully) and it was
       | horrendous.
       | 
       | And the Northern line is no picnic either.
        
       | gilbertjolly wrote:
       | This is a generational buildup of heat, being tackled seasonally.
       | 
       | TfL must run its cooling operations in the winter as well as the
       | summer.
       | 
       | It's about net energy difference over the whole year.
       | 
       | Finding cold air in the winter will also be substantially cheaper
        
         | MichaelZuo wrote:
         | I dont quite understand what's stopping them from just buying
         | hundreds of chillers, putting them on the surface close to each
         | station, and running chilled water loops down. Other than cost
         | of course.
        
           | mnw21cam wrote:
           | They're running trains. Trains use a lot of electricity, and
           | they turn almost all of it into heat. You'd have to have as
           | much chilling capacity as the current electricity demand of
           | the entire tube line, which is quite a lot.
           | 
           | However, if the buildings above were to sink ground source
           | heat pump loops into the warmed ground to heat the buildings
           | in winter, this would basically be what you just suggested,
           | and would be a win-win situation.
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | Huh? Modern modular air cooled chillers go up to 800 tons
             | each and can remove multiple MW of heat load continuously
             | pretty much 24/7.
             | 
             | 500 of them could remove 1.4 GW of heat.
             | 
             | Of course there are many ways to improve efficiency, but
             | even assuming the worst case it's still technically
             | feasible to remove many times more heat than the line
             | generates.
        
       | lysace wrote:
       | Using the London subway is an adventure.
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy9xxlky2pno (2024)
       | 
       | > Phone signal goes live on 25% of underground Tube
        
       | isaacremuant wrote:
       | Losing the battle or not even trying to fight? It's
        
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