[HN Gopher] The legacy of the iconic Nakagin capsule tower
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       The legacy of the iconic Nakagin capsule tower
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 81 points
       Date   : 2025-05-24 13:05 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.designboom.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.designboom.com)
        
       | pvg wrote:
       | Related thread in 2021
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27299363
        
       | a1o wrote:
       | Oh, I have seen these photos before but without context. Does
       | anyone knows if there is any architectural photography book just
       | about it? I would love to have it!
        
         | pixelcort wrote:
         | Yes there is a nice coffee table book that I keep in my living
         | room!
         | 
         | Zhong Yin kapuserusutairu: 20Ren noWu Yu deJian ruShui moZhi
         | ranaikapuserutawa(Nakagin Capsule Style)
         | 
         | December 23, 2020
         | 
         | ISBN: 978-4794224880
        
       | Luc wrote:
       | More interior photos:
       | https://www.designboom.com/architecture/noritaka-minami-1972...
        
         | Macha wrote:
         | A YouTube video which includes some internal footage:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/6SwvtBxxp2w
        
       | ginko wrote:
       | I guess early 70s might be pushing it but I'm having a hard time
       | imagining that you could tear down a building like this in a
       | European city without city conservationists getting officially
       | involved.
        
         | drivingmenuts wrote:
         | I think the Japanese don't get quite as invested in buildings
         | of the past. They don't preserve and/or re-use buildings like
         | we do in the US. Great for advancing architecture and design -
         | not so great if you want to preserve history for some reason.
        
           | jasonjayr wrote:
           | IMHO, being an island on the Pacific rim, I think Japan has
           | had centuries of "Well, that structure was lost to [insert
           | natural disaster here], guess we'll have to rebuild".
           | Whereas, Europe has "Its amazing that this structure has
           | lasted through [insert any number of man made disasters, wars
           | or disputes], we should see how much longer it can survive"
        
             | XenophileJKO wrote:
             | Don't forget lightning. When touring temples in places like
             | Mt Koya, it felt like all the buildings had been rebuilt
             | because the original had been stuck by lightning.
        
           | tecleandor wrote:
           | Yep. Regular apartment or business buildings are teared down
           | and rebuilt regularly, every 25 or 30 years, for compliance
           | with new earthquake regulations. [0] Also, the 80's economic
           | bubble long term effects are still showing: a lot was built
           | with low quality materials, land lots were super expensive
           | and there was less money for high quality building...
           | 
           | Also, land and building ownership is separated on Japan, so
           | depending on how you got your home, you could own an
           | apartment or single family home, but still be paying rental
           | for the land that it uses.[1]
           | 
           | Edit: Also, from the West we aren't familiar with how often
           | do they rebuild stuff like, for example, the temples. We
           | arrive to a, let's say, 300 years old temple, and we're
           | imagining it being 300 years old. Of course, being mostly
           | wood, they're like huge Theseus temples that, during the
           | years, they're fixed and repaired and pieces substituted and
           | probably right now the oldest wood piece is 'only' a 150
           | years old. Others were burnt down due to accidents or war.
           | And not only that, some others are regularly rebuilt as a
           | tradition or ceremony. Like the one in Ise (Mie) that has
           | been rebuilt every 20 years since the 690 [2]
           | 0: https://www.archdaily.com/980830/built-to-not-last-the-
           | japanese-trend-of-replacing-homes-every-30-years       1:
           | https://www.rethinktokyo.com/2018/07/11/freehold-vs-
           | leasehold-land-ownership-available-foreign-residents-japan
           | 2: https://www.archdaily.com/1002972/the-eternal-ephemeral-
           | architecture-of-shikinen-sengu-the-japanese-temple-rebuilt-
           | every-20-years
        
       | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
       | This matches the (albeit goth {dark|dirty}/industrial) aesthetic
       | of William Gibson Necromancer (and others), and Blade Runner.
       | 
       | Given these all happened around the a similar period I'm not
       | surprised. It's cool to see the things that provided inspiration
       | to others.
        
       | morkalork wrote:
       | Dragon Ball must have been referencing this right? Not just the
       | clean retro-futuristic style but the name capsule corp. too
        
         | pimlottc wrote:
         | I don't know that show but capsule hotels [0] are also a big
         | thing in Japan, more widespread and probably more well-known
         | than the capsule tower
         | 
         | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_hotel
        
       | os2warpman wrote:
       | Nakagin is lauded by artists and designers but fell into
       | disrepair due to low occupancy rates.
       | 
       | Apparently a sufficient number of people don't want to live in
       | microscopic hamster cages, no matter how cool they look, not even
       | as pied-a-terres.
        
         | keiferski wrote:
         | Japanese culture has different ideas than the West when it
         | comes to preservation vs. rebuilding structures, which is
         | ultimately rooted in the fact that it's an island with typhoons
         | and earthquakes, and thus architecture tended not to last long,
         | historically at least.
         | 
         | This is also why you see so many articles online about buying
         | cheap houses in rural Japan: because typically new owners will
         | demolish old buildings like this rather than refurbish them in
         | the way a building is in Paris or London.
         | 
         | My guess is that the Nagakin became a little too retro and run
         | down, and the lack of this preservation culture meant that no
         | one really wanted to live there. It would probably still exist
         | and be in good condition had it been built in say, London -
         | like The Barbican, for example.
         | 
         | An interesting article on the ephemeral idea:
         | https://www.archdaily.com/1002972/the-eternal-ephemeral-arch...
        
         | user_7832 wrote:
         | I think it's less of the size, and more of other things like
         | amenities, and imo, those tiny windows.
         | 
         | I have lived in (modern) rooms not much bigger. For someone
         | living by themselves, it's not bad at all. And lots of people
         | _do_ live in such sized spaces - eg hotels, or cities like NYC.
         | 
         | I have no idea how expensive the rent there was, but if it was
         | low enough, in a large city with enough people on a tight
         | budget, lots would be interested. Heck, with the current
         | housing shortage in many places (like NL) where even getting a
         | place to stay is a challenge, there would definitely be takers
         | for such a place.
        
       | user_7832 wrote:
       | I really wish people explored such concepts more. There's gotta
       | be a balance between "every unit/thing/room is a modular entity"
       | and "the building is static, take it or leave it". If I had to
       | guess, there seems to be significant inertia and friction in the
       | whole process. You can't build something unless you have some
       | money, and if it involves buying and/or demolishing existing
       | structures, you need even deeper pockets, making it "sticky" (as
       | it's a discontinuous function).
       | 
       | The economist in me in partially hopeful that there _is_ a way to
       | address such an inefficiency.
        
         | zemvpferreira wrote:
         | Of course there is! Vernacular architecture has been doing this
         | for millenia, all the way to caves.
         | 
         | Take a plain partition wall. If you build it architecturally,
         | it'll be optimized. Likely out of metal/timber and sheetrock,
         | or bricks. It mainly is what it is and needs full replacement
         | by craftspeople for modifications.
         | 
         | Now take the same wall made vernacularly. Possibly made out of
         | clay and straw, or stones, or timber. Might be two feet wide in
         | certain places. It can be carved, reused, expanded by the user
         | at will.
         | 
         | Efficiency and robustness are a necessary tradeoff. If you live
         | in a cave you can carve out new rooms given a spoon and free
         | time. But most of us would prefer the comforts of modern
         | buildings.
        
       | Incipient wrote:
       | One issue with a tower like this definitely feels like it would
       | be maintenance. The highly complex geometry involved, along with
       | the number of external seals required, in an area that gets
       | humid...keeping on top of it feels like it could have degraded
       | too much to be worth repairing?
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | The tower was ultimately demolished in 2022, though the
         | capsules were removed first and two dozen are preserved.
         | 
         | FWIW even ignoring the issue with maintenance of the commons,
         | the capsules were originally designed with a 25 years lifespan,
         | but neither refurbishement nor replacement was done during the
         | tower's life.
         | 
         | At opening each capsule cost $110k (in 2024 dollars), during
         | the update proposal 20 years ago renovation costs were
         | estimated at $50k (in 2024 dollars), per capsule.
         | 
         | > The highly complex geometry involved
         | 
         | In my understanding the superstructural geometry was relatively
         | simple, it's a pretty standard core with a lift and a stairwell
         | around it.
         | 
         | The apparent external complexity is because capsules can be
         | attached both longitudinally and transversally, and each
         | "floor" is composed of a large landing for the lift stop and
         | two smaller ones (aka there are three small flights of stairs
         | per floor), and the capsules are attached to each landing,
         | which creates a staggered appearance.
         | 
         | IIRC the tower also had a massive design flaw for mass market:
         | access to the top of a capsule was necessary to remove it, so
         | the capsules were not easily swappable for refurbishment or
         | replacement, or just to move to a different tower with your
         | capsule, something you'd imagine would be an advantage of the
         | design.
        
           | dexwiz wrote:
           | Capsule design in general was a popular idea, but swapping
           | isn't feasible compared to moving. You would still want to
           | remove most items from a capsule when being lifted by crane.
           | 
           | The one place you do see capsule architecture is cruise
           | ships. The rooms are built elsewhere and then slotted into
           | the ship en masse. But in this case, ships are moved to a
           | shipyard to be serviced. In the tower model, the maintenance
           | machines have to come to the tower, which is much harder to
           | make economically viable for single replacements.
        
           | tecleandor wrote:
           | Yep, what I felt from the last articles I read in the 3 or 4
           | years before dismantling them, is the problem wasn't that the
           | building had an expensive maintenance _per se_ , but
           | maintenance being delayed for years and years.
           | 
           | They didn't even have hot water for years. That, plus the low
           | occupancy, so the repairs are split between less people. Plus
           | the land ownership, that maybe it was split from the
           | apartment ownership and you'd need to pay additional fees.
           | And I didn't know (or remember) what you commented about the
           | inability to remove pods that had another pods over them,
           | that's a maintenance bummer.
           | 
           | It's like a car (or your teeth), when you begin to delay
           | maintenance. It's not only the cost of the summed delayed
           | maintenance, but the additional surprises that could appear
           | because the unmaintained property degrades faster.
        
       | aabhay wrote:
       | For any interested, the best book I found on this topic is
       | Project Japan (https://a.co/d/fcrNp6p). It dives into the history
       | of the whole Metabolism movement (in my opinion, an effort to
       | create more modular and dynamic architecture and entire city
       | plans that could be deployed, migrated, and repurposed
       | effectively).
       | 
       | Members of this movement created everything from Tokyo's iconic
       | phone booth, to the ubiquitous soy sauce container, to ski cabins
       | and a plan to dredge the whole tokyo bay to construct a
       | completely designed cityscape, with some truly wild proposals.
        
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       (page generated 2025-05-24 23:00 UTC)