[HN Gopher] Stuff I Learned at Carta
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       Stuff I Learned at Carta
        
       Author : blueridge
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2025-05-24 01:24 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lethain.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lethain.com)
        
       | nssnsjsjsjs wrote:
       | Extracting the kernel sounds like a good idea, but it sort of
       | depends on having a reasonable executive who'll take the time.
       | Some executives won't tell you the kernel, may not know it
       | themselves and the power gradient can make it hard to ask (you
       | don't want to look foolish).
        
       | baobun wrote:
       | Any lessons learned from the 2024 incident? Was/is it possible to
       | put in place internal controls to prevent future compromise?
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38897363
       | 
       | And I guess related to the section and post on heavily and
       | quickly adopting LLMs: Do you have any thoughts on how to ensure
       | that sensitive customer/shareholder data is not inadvertently
       | mixed in to some new workflow involving third-parties while
       | keeping it accessible for production apps and services?
       | 
       | Keeping confidential/sensitive data from leaking into marketing
       | workflows seems to have been a historical and relatively recent
       | challenge for Carta so would love to hear how you were able to
       | transition from that to securely managing the mentioned level of
       | LLM deployment integrating across the org.
        
         | thinkxl wrote:
         | Well, the answers to your questions don't sell books, right?
        
       | drewbug01 wrote:
       | > Extract the kernel
       | 
       | If you follow the link within the article, he goes on to say:
       | 
       | > The most frequent issue I see is when a literal communicator
       | insists on engaging in the details with a less literal executive.
       | I call the remedy, "extracting the kernel."
       | 
       | Most engineers I've worked with have been "literal
       | communicators." Of course, both parties can always improve. But
       | part of being a good leader is having excellent communication
       | skills, and that includes anticipating how your audience will
       | receive your message. The bulk of the responsibility is, and
       | should be, on the leader to avoid misunderstandings in the first
       | place.
        
         | tuyguntn wrote:
         | > The bulk of the responsibility is, and should be, on the
         | leader to avoid misunderstandings in the first place.
         | 
         | How do you avoid misunderstandings as an executive when you
         | sometimes literally should hide the information?
         | 
         | I heard many many executives (probably, that's why I am not an
         | executive), a lot of them try to hide information for different
         | reasons. Even the technical one's are trying to keep doors open
         | for interpretation, so that anytime they can change their mind
         | and blame team for the failure, then label them for layoffs
        
           | Loughla wrote:
           | Good leaders don't do that? There is a difference between
           | legitimately confidential information, and keeping your cards
           | close to your chest to protect yourself. If you have
           | confidential information, you can explain the reason it's
           | confidential and everyone can move past.
           | 
           | I've worked with two teams where layoffs had to happen. The
           | people weren't happy, but they were at least satisfied that
           | the results were fair and honest. They appreciated my
           | transparency, and worked to train up other members of the
           | group to prepare for their own departure.
           | 
           | If you spend your time building trust and relationships when
           | times are good, and weed out the toxic personalities during
           | those times, then it's better (not easy or good at all) when
           | times are tough. Allowing even the slightest amount of
           | toxicity is completely unacceptable.
           | 
           | If your boss hides information or is intentionally vague to
           | provide an out for themselves, they shouldn't be in a
           | leadership role. They shouldn't be employed at the company.
           | 
           | Being a boss means that 99.999% of your actual job is
           | communicating clearly and openly.
        
             | dafelst wrote:
             | I agree with everything that you say here, but I think it
             | is important to differentiate "good leaders" (which you
             | have described) with "successful leaders" whose motives are
             | often far more self-serving.
             | 
             | There are "good, successful leaders" but in my experience
             | they are few and far between, and often the "successful"
             | aspect is forced to plateau by the "good" part.
        
         | adamesque wrote:
         | > The bulk of the responsibility is, and should be, on the
         | leader to avoid misunderstandings in the first place.
         | 
         | This can be both true and unhelpful at the same time.
         | "Extracting the kernel" is about putting agency back into your
         | own hands when someone else is less-than-perfect. How do you
         | read beyond the utterance to understand the intent? Will that
         | lead to better outcomes?
         | 
         | Since you sadly cannot force leaders to improve, and sadly
         | cannot usually also pick for yourself perfect leadership, what
         | power do you have to make things better?
        
           | drewbug01 wrote:
           | So I think you are scratching at something interesting here -
           | as a (senior) engineer who values communication intensely, I
           | also try to "read between the lines" and extract what someone
           | _meant_ and not just what they _said_.
           | 
           | And so in that sense, I agree with you - from the perspective
           | of the engineer in this example, yes: try to figure out what
           | they meant and don't get lost in the details. It's a good
           | example of not trying to control things that are
           | fundamentally out of your hands.
           | 
           | But the other side is: this blog post (and the linked one
           | explaining the "kernel" idea more deeply) is written from the
           | perspective of the CTO! And it's framed as a strategy -
           | "encourage your engineers to learn how to intuit what you
           | mean, and not what you say" (paraphrasing, of course).
           | 
           | I think that's where it rubs me the wrong way. It subtly puts
           | the responsibility for effective communication the receiving
           | end. If we are considering it from a pragmatic standpoint,
           | it's just far more efficient for the CTO to say what he
           | _means_ from the get-go.
           | 
           | I mean, honestly even with the example: how much harder would
           | it have been for the CTO to say "is it possible to go faster
           | with something off-the-shelf rather than build our own?"
        
             | calderwoodra wrote:
             | Communication doesn't scale and there are many examples of
             | that. It's not possible to convey complex topics to a large
             | audience, well, at all times. The audience has to do some
             | work too.
        
       | braza wrote:
       | > The three biggest levers are (1) "N-1 backfills", (2) requiring
       | a business rationale for promotions into senior-most levels, and
       | (3) shifting hiring into cost efficient hiring regions.
       | 
       | I had the experience to work in a scale up like Carta couple
       | years ago where the company stoped to hire in NYC/Berlin and as
       | far as I know they shifted their hiring to Philippines.
       | 
       | Fair play, the end of the day the company had their incentive
       | structures to support this decision.
       | 
       | However, after that and other events I just started to do career
       | movements towards companies that I know that I would bring unique
       | features in my position (eg language skills, legal settings,
       | specific regulatory knowledge, local compliance) to be more not
       | entrenched but in a non-constant second thoughts professional
       | relationships in a good sense or be in epistemically different
       | worlds where international competition is irrelevant (eg
       | clearance filters based in nationality, government and military,
       | market that has exotic languages, etc).
       | 
       | I say that because I really do not like of this "Employee as a
       | Service" where line an AWS console you just change the region and
       | spin up labor like some EC2 machine; where in this scenario, you
       | are seen as some expensive spot instance in us-east-1.
       | 
       | Maybe I am being highly defensive, but I do not see hereafter
       | anything I that regard getting better since we have remote work
       | and talent everywhere.
        
         | melvinmelih wrote:
         | > or be in epistemically different worlds where international
         | competition is irrelevant (eg clearance filters based in
         | nationality, government and military, market that has exotic
         | languages, etc).
         | 
         | I like this hedging strategy, can probably also apply this to
         | the risk of AI taking over our jobs (licensed professions won't
         | be going away any time soon).
        
         | about3fitty wrote:
         | This is super difficult for me to parse. Could you please dumb
         | it down for me?
        
       | gregorvand wrote:
       | I know at least two people leaving Carta within one year of
       | joining (recently) and CTO within 2 years suggests something
       | amiss (looking more at the company here than anything) The
       | article is frustrating since it tries to be transparent and 'what
       | i've learned' but doesn't really give anything away to the
       | relatively short tenure.
        
         | blueridge wrote:
         | Seems like Will hasn't stayed anywhere for more than 2-3 years?
        
           | returningfory2 wrote:
           | Yeah, I find it very strange that he's a well known thought
           | leader even though he hasn't had a long tenure anywhere. To
           | me, software is easy in the short term and hard in long term.
        
           | sleazebreeze wrote:
           | I've read his writing for years, and he knows how to express
           | things that feel real and true to me. However the skill of
           | writing for a broad audience doesn't mean you are more
           | effective in your specific job or company.
           | 
           | It can be true that Lethain is an excellent writer and also a
           | job hopper who doesn't bear the consequences of his
           | decisions.
        
       | mrdoodleturd wrote:
       | This guy blows
        
         | vladf wrote:
         | why
        
       | pavel_lishin wrote:
       | > _Extract the kernel - everywhere I've ever worked, teams have
       | struggled understanding executives. In every case, the executives
       | could be clearer, but it's not particularly interesting to frame
       | these problems as something the executives need to fix. Sure,
       | that's true they could communicate better, but that framing makes
       | you powerless, when you have a great deal of power to understand
       | confusing communication. After all, even good communicators
       | communicate poorly sometimes._
       | 
       | I gotta say, nothing fills me with as much excitement for a job
       | as much as having to have a second job as a Kremlinologist,
       | attempting to scry the motivations of the opaque execs, whose
       | whims come down from On High, either engraved on stone tablets
       | dropped directly into our teams, or brought down to us through
       | three translation layers of middle-management.
        
         | thinkxl wrote:
         | Additionally, the explanation might work for the exec asking
         | the question, but not for others.
         | 
         | I don't like that executives don't have to put in the effort to
         | communicate their concerns and put pressure on the people who
         | already have the pressure of researching, validating, and
         | presenting the solution.
         | 
         | I'm probably going deeper than I should. Still, if the
         | executive asking the question isn't technical, he could direct
         | the question to the executive who's supposed to have a
         | technical background that earned their position in the company.
         | You know, people making decisions should have an understanding
         | of what they are building/selling.
        
           | noworriesnate wrote:
           | One common leadership trend is to give minimal feedback like
           | "this is not cool" and rely on competent people directly
           | under the executive to guess what that means.
           | 
           | Competent people can often lead themselves in the right
           | direction, especially with the use of copious after-meetings
           | in which everyone tries to interpret the executive's
           | feedback.
           | 
           | After all, the executives are busy and hard to get access to.
        
             | thinkxl wrote:
             | I agree. You describe how it happens; however, I still
             | don't find a justification for these:
             | 
             | - rely on competent people directly under the executive to
             | guess what that means
             | 
             | - after-meetings in which everyone tries to interpret the
             | executive's feedback
             | 
             | - the executives are busy and hard to get access to
             | 
             | Imagine having a riddle as feedback in which people from
             | different backgrounds and cultures gather to decipher a
             | meaningful direction.
        
         | bensonperry wrote:
         | Completely agree. And I think a lot of roles frame this as
         | "part of the job", something always unavoidable. But if I was
         | an exec and my team was spending half their time trying to read
         | between the lines of my poor communication, fixing that would
         | be priority #1; what an enormous waste of time for people who I
         | (ostensibly) hired for their other skills!
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | Your framing here, while I admit is quite clever, is so overly
         | cynical that I think it misses the point entirely.
         | 
         | I think a more generous interpretation of his point is:
         | 
         | 1. Everyone (execs and others) needs to translate their true
         | goals and motivations into language, and some people do this
         | better than others. Even great communicators have some delta
         | between what they say and what they truly mean.
         | 
         | 2. Thus, it pays to keep this in mind, and think from the
         | perspective of "OK, what is the top-priority, primary thing
         | that this exec is really trying to get across", which can
         | sometimes mean you need to separate the wheat from the chaff of
         | what they're saying.
         | 
         | Frankly, I think this is good advice for anyone on the
         | receiving end of a message. I think this HN guideline deserves
         | a reminder: "Please respond to the strongest plausible
         | interpretation of what someone says, not a weaker one that's
         | easier to criticize. Assume good faith." Thus, you can either
         | interpret his statement in a positive manner about how you can
         | be more effective when on the receiving end of a message, or
         | you can complain about needing to be a Kremlinologist.
        
       | basket_horse wrote:
       | Ah, the classic two-year exec tour - just enough time to write a
       | book, roll out a pet program, and peace out before any long-term
       | consequences set in.
        
         | harryquach wrote:
         | Thanks for the laugh friend. I was thinking the same thing.
        
         | Zanfa wrote:
         | I never take any leadership-adjacent blog post seriously since
         | I found out that by far the most toxic manager I've ever worked
         | with in my career has apparently risen to a CTO position at a
         | respectable startup and has since published numerous blog posts
         | and a book on management. His resume looks amazing though.
        
           | swyx wrote:
           | 1) bad people can give useful advice. generally life is
           | richer when you can separate art from artist.
           | 
           | 2) 1 person bad does not make all people bad
        
             | Zanfa wrote:
             | Terrible people can be good at things, so their advice may
             | be useful, but it still doesn't mean taking leadership
             | advice from a terrible leader is a good idea. Maybe if he
             | was blogging about how to fail upwards. It's more about
             | separating the con from artist.
        
             | lobotomizer wrote:
             | 1) pee pee
             | 
             | 2) poo poo
        
         | swyx wrote:
         | i understand the criticism but i also wonder at how to improve
         | the status quo. Lethain is regarded as an authority because he
         | has such a wide experience and writes so much and so
         | thoughtfully. The truth is we just barely and rarely get such
         | insight from people at his level so we just take whatever we
         | can get.
         | 
         | the people who are in-deep for decades 1) have no time or
         | motivation to write/build a brand^, 2) have political reasons
         | you can't write anything insightful esp while your own house is
         | messy (and it never isn't).
         | 
         | so how to change this?
         | 
         | my approach is to run a conference where practitioners do short
         | ted-talk-like-but-technical talks about their work and
         | learnings while still on the job. but ofc they all have their
         | own motivations to speak.
         | 
         | ^ though i will be the first to say that you CAN be primarily
         | self-motivated to write-to-think-out-loud and this is a thing,
         | do not let jaded HN people tell you different
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | While I perhaps wouldn't have put it the same way, I agree.
         | 
         | This may go against "SV standards", but I've found that the
         | execs that I most admire at any particular company put in _at
         | minimum_ 4 years - that 's the time it takes not just to get a
         | project or two off the ground, but to really instill structural
         | and cultural objectives at any company, and as you put it , to
         | really deal with the consequences of their decisions and refine
         | as necessary. While everyone have some "misfires" in their
         | career, I'm extremely wary of advice from someone that has
         | literally never hit the 4 year mark despite nearly 2 decades of
         | experience.
        
       | slt2021 wrote:
       | a lot of text with very little value. Typical executive talk.
       | 
       | the hard truth is that most of the time executives are really
       | absolutely clueless and have only shallow understanding of whats
       | going on inside the tech.
       | 
       | and their usual levers are mostly just distributing resources:
       | more resources to this org, fewer resources to that org. and
       | another level is high level program management: checking the
       | milestones, schedules, and timelines. thats it
        
       | bix6 wrote:
       | Carta has insane turnover and is making a big revenue push right
       | now. Concerning to see the CTO leave during that.
       | 
       | I'm most interested in the part he doesn't share: "I've also
       | learned quite a bit about venture capital, fund administration,
       | cap tables, non-social network products, operating a multi-
       | business line company, and various operating models. Figuring out
       | how to sanitize those learnings to share the interesting tidbits
       | without leaking internal details is a bit too painful, so I'm
       | omitting them for now"
        
         | financetechbro wrote:
         | "Bit too painful" sounds like they're just being lazy
        
       | beardedwizard wrote:
       | A master class on how to say exactly nothing.
        
       | RainyDayTmrw wrote:
       | > The three biggest levers are (1) "N-1 backfills", (2) requiring
       | a business rationale for promotions into senior-most levels, and
       | (3) shifting hiring into cost efficient hiring regions. None of
       | these are the sort of inspiring topics that excite folks, but
       | they are all essential to the long term stability of your
       | organization.
       | 
       | There it goes. The mask comes off. The sad reality of it is that
       | your average exec views their work, indeed their life, as
       | strictly zero sum. We should not praise this. We should not
       | celebrate this. If anything, we should call this out.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | I'm not quite sure how you interpreted a section about CTOs
         | managing their organization's costs - which, given that money
         | doesn't grow on trees is obviously a core part of their job -
         | with some pretty rational and reasonable advice as "The sad
         | reality of it is that your average exec views their work,
         | indeed their life, as strictly zero sum."
        
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