[HN Gopher] Windsurf SWE-1: Our First Frontier Models
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       Windsurf SWE-1: Our First Frontier Models
        
       Author : arittr
       Score  : 163 points
       Date   : 2025-05-15 18:47 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (windsurf.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (windsurf.com)
        
       | firejake308 wrote:
       | I'm confused why they are working on their own frontier models if
       | they are going to be bought by OpenAI anyway. I guess this is
       | something they were working on before the announcement?
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | Must have been. These things take months.
        
         | anshumankmr wrote:
         | Getting more money perhaps also, if they believed their model
         | to be good, and had amassed some good training data Open AI can
         | leverage, apart from the user base.
        
         | allenleein wrote:
         | It seems OpenAI acquired Windsurf but is letting it operate
         | independently, keeping its own brand and developing its own
         | coding models. That way, if Windsurf runs into technical
         | problems, the backlash lands on Windsurf--not OpenAI. It's a
         | smart way to innovate while keeping the main brand safe.
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | But doesn't this mean they have twice the costs in training?
           | I was under the impression that was still the most expensive
           | part of these companies' balance.
        
             | kcorbitt wrote:
             | It's very unlikely that they're doing their own pre-
             | training, which is the longest and most expensive part of
             | creating a frontier model (if they were, they'd likely brag
             | about it).
             | 
             | Most likely they built this as a post-train of an open
             | model that is already strong on coding like Qwen 2.5.
        
             | rfoo wrote:
             | mid/post training does not cost that much, except maybe
             | large scale RL, but even this is more of an infra problem.
             | If anything, the cost is mostly in running various
             | experiments (i.e. the process of doing research).
             | 
             | It is very puzzling why "wrapper" companies don't (and
             | religiously say they won't ever) do something on this
             | front. The only barrier is talents.
        
               | anshumankmr wrote:
               | You might be underestimating the barrier to hiring the
               | really smart people. Open AI/Google etc would be hiring
               | and poaching people like crazy, offering cushy bonuses
               | and TCs that would make blow your mind.(Like say Noam
               | Brown at Open AI) And some of the more ambitious ones
               | would start their own ventures (like say Ilya etc.).
               | 
               | That being said I am sure a lot of the so called wrapper
               | companies are paying insanely well too, but competing
               | with FAANGMULA might be trickier for them.
        
               | NitpickLawyer wrote:
               | FAANGMULA ... Microsoft, Uber?, L??, Anthropic? Who's the
               | L?
        
               | Archonical wrote:
               | Lyft.
        
               | riffraff wrote:
               | A is Airbnb, afair.
        
               | whywhywhywhy wrote:
               | Any half decent and methodical software engineer can fine
               | tune/repurpose a model if you have the data and the money
               | to burn on compute and experiment runs, which they do.
        
               | anshumankmr wrote:
               | Fine tuning/distilling etc is fine. I was speaking to the
               | original commenter's question about research, which is
               | where things are trickier. Fine tuning is something I
               | even managed and Unsloth has removed even barriers for
               | training some of the more commonly used open source
               | models.
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | They can absolutely do it, but they will get poorer
               | results than someone who really understands LLMs. There
               | is still a huge amount of taste and art in the sourcing
               | and curation of data for fine tuning.
        
           | OtherShrezzing wrote:
           | This is effectively how Microsoft is treating OpenAI.
        
           | ActionHank wrote:
           | Windsurf is a hedge against MS + VSCode and GH + copilot.
           | 
           | OAI is trying frantically to build a moat without doing any
           | digging.
        
           | sunshinekitty wrote:
           | This is an incredibly premature statement to make. The
           | acquisition announcement is days old.
        
         | dyl000 wrote:
         | openAI models have an issue where they are pretty good at
         | everything but not incredible at anything. They're too well
         | rounded.
         | 
         | for coding you use anthropic or google models, I haven't found
         | anyone who swears by openAI models for coding... Their
         | reasoning models are either too expensive or hallucinate
         | massively to the point of being useless... I would assume the
         | gpt 4.1 family will be popular for SWE's
         | 
         | Having a smaller scope model (agentic coding only) allows for
         | much cheaper inference and windsurf building its own moat (so
         | far agentic IDE's haven't had a moat)
        
           | jjani wrote:
           | > openAI models have an issue where they are pretty good at
           | everything but not incredible at anything. They're too well
           | rounded.
           | 
           | This suggests OpenAI models do have tasks they're better at
           | than the "less rounded" competition, who have taks they're
           | weaker in. Could you name a single sucg task (except for
           | image generation, which is an entirely different usecase),
           | that OpenAI models are better at than Gemini 2.5 and Claude
           | 3.7 without costing at least 5x as much?
        
         | seunosewa wrote:
         | They were working on the model before the acquisition. It makes
         | sense to test it and see how it does instead of throwing the
         | work away. Their data will probably be used to improve gpt-4.1,
         | o4 mini high, and other OpenAI coding models
        
         | jstummbillig wrote:
         | Why would OpenAI not let smart people work on models? That
         | seems to be what they do. The point is: They are no longer
         | "their own" models. They are now OpenAI models. If they suck,
         | if they are redundant, if there is no idea there that makes
         | sense, that effort will not continue indefinitely.
        
       | blixt wrote:
       | > Enabled from the insight from our heavily-used Windsurf Editor,
       | we got to work building a completely new data model (the shared
       | timeline) and a training recipe that encapsulates incomplete
       | states, long-running tasks, and multiple surfaces.
       | 
       | This data is very valuable if you're trying to create fully
       | automated SWEs, while most foundation model providers have
       | probably been scraping together second hand data to simulate long
       | horizon engineering work. Cursor probably has way more of this
       | data, and I wonder how Microsoft's own Copilot is doing (and how
       | they share this data with the foundation model providers)...
        
         | figassis wrote:
         | And is probably why OpenAI paid $$$ to acquire
        
         | lemming wrote:
         | The company that is best placed to collect tons of high quality
         | data of this type is undoubtedly Google. They've had
         | publications talking about how they capture data from their in
         | house SWE tools and use it to improve their tooling.
        
           | blixt wrote:
           | They certainly can automate their own SWE but I wonder if
           | that's as good as getting full computer use logs (terminal,
           | web browsing, code acceptance/rejection, etc etc -- as
           | claimed in the linked article) from millions of individuals
           | and thousands of companies all with their quirky technology
           | setups.
        
           | throwaway314155 wrote:
           | This summarizes Google's approach to software engineering
           | well; just pretend the outside world doesn't exist and the
           | "Google way" is the only way.
        
         | whywhywhywhy wrote:
         | There is a world where the wrapper makers surpass the current
         | model makers in their area of focus. Cursor/Windsurf have all
         | the data on when people got so frustrated with Claude they
         | switched to Gemini/GPT and also all the data of when the
         | problem was actually solved and when it wasn't.
        
       | dyl000 wrote:
       | it was only a matter of time, they have too much good data to not
       | train their own models, not to mention that claude API calls were
       | probably killing their profitability.
       | 
       | open source alternative https://huggingface.co/SWE-bench/SWE-
       | agent-LM-32B
       | 
       | though I haven't been able to find a mlx quant that wasn't
       | completely broken.
        
       | aquir wrote:
       | It's a shame that my development work needs a specific VSCode
       | extension (domain specific language for ERP systems) so my
       | options are VSCode+Copilot or Cursor.
        
         | albertot wrote:
         | you can use the codeium extension I believe no? Also I think
         | that if the license of the extension that you are using permits
         | it you could export that extension to the open source store
        
         | DrBenCarson wrote:
         | You can try Cline is VSCode as well, many engineers swear by it
        
         | aitchnyu wrote:
         | Aider runs in your terminal and you can make comments against
         | your code in any editor and it will execute your requests. It
         | can use any model. CLine, mentioned in sibling comment is is
         | same space.
        
           | tintor wrote:
           | Aider wastes tokens like crazy.
        
         | TiredOfLife wrote:
         | Windsurf is also a VS Code fork like Cursor
        
         | knes wrote:
         | Check augmentcode.com
        
       | antirez wrote:
       | So because they need to have a better business model, they will
       | try to move users to weaker models compared to the best
       | available? This "AI inside the editor" thing makes every day less
       | sense in many dimensions: it makes you not really capable of
       | escaping the accept, accept, accept trap. It makes the design
       | interaction with the LLM too much about code and too little about
       | the design itself. And you can't do what many of us do: have that
       | three subscriptions for the top LLMs available (it's 60$ for 3,
       | after all) and use each for it's best. And by default write your
       | stuff without help if LLMs are not needed in a given moment.
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | > it makes you not really capable of escaping the accept,
         | accept, accept trap
         | 
         | The definition of vibe coding - trust the process, let it make
         | errors and recover
        
           | conartist6 wrote:
           | "press pay to think for me button" "press pay to think for me
           | button" "press pay to think for me button" "press pay to
           | think for me button" "press pay to think for me button" I
           | love it
        
             | DrBenCarson wrote:
             | "Hmm seems we're very far off course but we have thousands
             | of lines...I can't figure all that out rn...press magic
             | thinking button"
        
         | ipnon wrote:
         | I don't think they are targeting software engineers as users.
         | They are seeking those on the software engineering margins,
         | users who know what Python and for-loops are but don't care to
         | configure Aider and review each of the overwhelming number of
         | models released daily. They want to tell the editor to add
         | function foo to bar.py. I suspect this latter market segment is
         | much larger than the former!
        
         | bluelightning2k wrote:
         | I don't like or agree with this take. You're basically saying -
         | "something good exists, so why try to improve upon it".
         | 
         | Their stated goal is to improve on the frontier models. It's
         | ambitious, but on the other hand they were a model company
         | before they were an IDE company (IIRC) and they have a lot of
         | data, and the scope is to make a model which is specialized for
         | their specific case.
         | 
         | At the very least I would expect they would succeed in
         | specializing a fronteir model for their use-case by feeding
         | their pipeline of data (whether they should _have_ that data to
         | begin with is another question).
         | 
         | The blog post doesn't say much about the model itself, but
         | there's a few candidates to fine tune from.
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | You've got a couple of ideas colliding here, let me try to
         | unpack them.
         | 
         | First, most of the major players already have their own models
         | or have been developing them for some time. Your take feels a
         | bit reductive. Take Windsurf pre-acquisition, for example,
         | their risk was being too tightly coupled to third-party
         | vendors. It's only logical to assume that building task- or
         | language-specific models will ultimately help reduce costs and
         | offer more control.
         | 
         | As for the other point: in my experience, trying to fully
         | leverage LLMs actually makes me more prescriptive in my
         | designs. I spend more time thinking through architecture and
         | making my code modular, more so than when I wasn't using an
         | LLM. I'm sure others may design less or take shortcuts, but for
         | me it's pushed the opposite behavior. Is it the "right" way?
         | I'm not sure, but I'm enjoying it and staying productive.
        
           | phillipcarter wrote:
           | I think the point is that the UX favors accepting code
           | changes as the primary action, rather than using the chat
           | interface as an ideation tool. It's quite valid, because as a
           | user of all these tools, Winsurf and Cursor very much do try
           | to make you slap the Accept button uncritically!
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | Does it though? I use the chat option quite a bit in the
             | tools. The only UX that favors accept pattern is tab which
             | makes sense.
        
               | phillipcarter wrote:
               | It does. Defaults matter, and the defaults for these
               | tools are agent mode with code changes meant to be
               | accepted, rather than forcing you to read the code and
               | manually apply those changes.
               | 
               | Note: I'm not saying that's a bad thing! It's
               | significantly more convenient for many use cases, so I
               | can see why it's a default. But the incentive being
               | created is to accept first, analyze later.
        
         | keeganpoppen wrote:
         | i think this comment is just a reflection of how the world has
         | not caught up with the inevitable shift of "software
         | engineering" up further into "idea space". i completely agree
         | that the tooling has not caught up with this new world order
         | yet. personally, i think "true software _engineering_ " is more
         | valuable than ever in the AI era, but the tools for actually
         | realizing this are woefully behind.
        
         | bhl wrote:
         | Slightly weaker, but cheaper models mostly good for Windsurf
         | only. As a developer, I would rather have stronger models I can
         | throw more money at.
        
         | vunderba wrote:
         | _> they will try to move users to weaker models compared to the
         | best available_
         | 
         |  _> you can 't do what many of us do: have three subscriptions
         | and use each for its best_
         | 
         | I don't think has anything to do with whether or not AI is in
         | the editor so much as it is the difference between a
         | subscription (Cursor) vs. a BYOK approach (VS Codium + Cline,
         | Zed, etc). Most BYOK plug-ins will let you set up multiple
         | profiles against various providers so that you can choose the
         | most optimal LLM for the given problem you're trying to solve.
        
       | bluelightning2k wrote:
       | Two takes here. Cynical and optimistic.
       | 
       | Cynical take: describing yourself as a full stack AI IDE company
       | sounds very invest-able in a "what if they're right" kind of way.
       | They could plausibly ask for higher valuations, etc.
       | 
       | Optimistic take: fine tuning a model for their use-case
       | (incomplete code snippets with a very specific data model of
       | context) should work. Or even has from their claims. It certainly
       | sounds plausible that fine-tuning a frontier model would make it
       | better for their needs. Whether it's reasonable to go beyond
       | fine-tuning and consider pre-training etc. I don't know. If I
       | remember correctly they were a model company before Windsurf, so
       | they have the skillset.
       | 
       | Bonus take: doesn't this mean they're basically training on
       | large-scale gathered user data?
        
         | heymijo wrote:
         | FYI, OpenAI acquired Windsurf so valuation is not an issue.
         | 
         | I don't know Varun (their founder/CEO) personally but I get
         | highly competent vibes from him. I'd let my skeptical self lean
         | on your optimistic take.
        
           | OkGoDoIt wrote:
           | I don't think the acquisition has closed yet, maybe this is
           | still useful for a leverage/negotiating perspective. And it
           | was almost certainly something they were working on before
           | the acquisition anyway.
           | 
           | I do think that's an overly cynical way to look at this
           | though.
        
       | infecto wrote:
       | Can we get arm Linux builds? Would be really nice!
        
       | resters wrote:
       | A few points that are getting overlooked:
       | 
       | - OpenAI is buying WindSurf and probably did diligence on these
       | models before it decided to invest.
       | 
       | - WindSurf may have collected valuable data from it users that is
       | helpful in training a coding-focused AI model. The data would
       | give a 6 month lead to OpenAI which is probably worth the $3B.
       | 
       | - Even if Windsurf's frontier models are not better than other
       | models for coding, if they excel in a few key areas it would
       | justify significant investment in their methodology (see points
       | above).
       | 
       | - There are still areas of coding where even the top frontier
       | models falter that would seemingly be ripe for improvement via
       | more careful training. Notably, making the model better at
       | working within a particular framework and version, programming
       | language version, etc. Also better support for more obscure
       | languages and libraries/versions and the ability to "lock in" on
       | the versions that the developer is using. I've wasted a lot of
       | time trying to convince OpenAI models to use OpenAI's latest
       | Python API -- even when given docs and explicit constraints to
       | use the new API, OpenAI frontier models routinely (incorrectly)
       | update my code to use old API conventions and even methods that
       | have been removed!
       | 
       | Consider that the basic competency of doing a frontier coding
       | model well is likely one of the biggest opportunities in AI right
       | now (second to reasoning and in my opinion tied with image
       | analysis and production). An LLM that can both reason and code
       | accurately could read a chapter in a textbook and code a 3D
       | animation illustrating all of the concepts as a one-shot
       | exercise. We are far from that at present even in OpenAI's best
       | stuff.
        
         | keeganpoppen wrote:
         | this is clearly the right take... it's fun to semi-dunk on "how
         | on earth is that the valuation", but this is one of those rare
         | cases where the tech and platform are genuinely more valuable
         | in the hands of the acquirer than they ever could be in the
         | hands of the acquiree. because i think windsurf has executed as
         | well as one possibly could in the space, but openai is the SOTA
         | model king, and i don't see that changing anytime soon.
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | Minor nit: OpenAI is in a three way tie for SOTA models with
           | Google and Anthropic. They are the king of marketing
           | attention, studio Ghibli imitation, and consumer
           | subscriptions, though.
        
         | libraryofbabel wrote:
         | Thanks - this does help contextualize the $3B acquisition. When
         | the story first broke all they seemed to be paying for was a
         | coding agent (of which there are sooo many out there) and the
         | large windsurf user base (but with no moat). So a lot of us
         | were rather skeptical. The valuation is still _kinda_ insane, I
         | think, but Windsurf's ability to train a frontier model - and
         | with a _much_ smaller team than the big AI shops - is the key
         | differentiator from the Clines, Cursors, Aiders etc.
         | 
         | It is a bit of a shame that we'll never get to see what they
         | could do on their own. But I hope their clearly very talented
         | employees do very well out of this.
        
           | resters wrote:
           | > Thanks - this does help contextualize the $3B acquisition.
           | 
           | Agreed. My initial reaction to the $3B acquisition was
           | similar to yours. Seeing this announcement made me rethink it
           | a bit.
        
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