[HN Gopher] Model Organisms Are Not Static
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       Model Organisms Are Not Static
        
       Author : mailyk
       Score  : 31 points
       Date   : 2025-05-15 15:45 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.asimov.press)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.asimov.press)
        
       | pmags wrote:
       | This is a real and important challenge, which is even further
       | exacerbated if you work on microbial organisms. I can easily
       | think of a half dozen times in my own research where we tracked
       | down differences in phenotype between ostensibly isogenic strains
       | from different labs that turned out to be the result of in lab
       | evolution.
        
       | Projectiboga wrote:
       | Another influence on that type of research is the diet used,
       | those are also standardized and comparisons are only valid if
       | comparing the same formula of diet. That also can skew results as
       | for example at least one of the formulas is devoid of vitamin e,
       | which doesn't really occur in the real world.
        
       | jmward01 wrote:
       | I think a better title is 'The world is not static'. I often
       | point this out for gradient descent. We always think of the
       | static world when envisioning gradient descent but the reality is
       | the world is constantly changing and can often actually be
       | adversarial. This means that in the long term gradient descent
       | can actually select for stability and not optimality in a dynamic
       | world (this is where ruts come from I believe). It would be
       | interesting to publish an 'expected halflife' statistic for
       | scientific knowledge, like biological knowledge, that will change
       | over time.
        
       | Feuilles_Mortes wrote:
       | _C. elegans_ is nice for this since you can freeze stocks in
       | glycerol. Labs routinely go and thaw out the main wild-type
       | reference stock if the lab stock has been around for too long.
       | 
       | Now I'm in a fly lab and no one's really figured a good way to
       | freeze a fly stock down for long-term storage. So we're left to
       | just accept some degree of background mutation and generally
       | assume that it's not impacting our experiments _too_ much...
        
         | skeletor_999 wrote:
         | It's worth noting that we've found genetic differences between
         | the N2 wild type strains used by different labs as well, so
         | this is still a problem for C. elegans.
        
           | Feuilles_Mortes wrote:
           | biology is hard
        
             | rolph wrote:
             | no, biology is fuzzy.
        
       | koeng wrote:
       | I do high throughput cloning, so customers of mine want complete,
       | verified genes. There is a shit ton of just _stuff_ that can
       | happen that you can 't predict even in the most domesticated
       | organism.
       | 
       | Most recently, a transposon jumped from E.coli into my backbone,
       | and I picked it up during sequence. 6kbp added instantly.
       | Absolutely wack.
        
         | DiggyJohnson wrote:
         | > Most recently, a transposon jumped from E.coli into my
         | backbone, and I picked it up during sequence. 6kbp added
         | instantly.
         | 
         | Can you explain this more? Are you referring to your actual
         | backbone? How did ecoli meet your backbone and why were you
         | sequencing your backbone?
        
           | greazy wrote:
           | Backbone refers to the cloning plasmid.
           | 
           | Plasmids are grown inside of bacteria which have their own
           | genome with all sorts of oddities like transposons.
           | 
           | Transposons are 'jumping' bits of dna that can insert
           | themselves (given the right criteria is met).
           | 
           | So a transposon(s) from the E. coli genome inserted itself
           | into the plasmid.
           | 
           | This causes all sorts of problems for people who use them to
           | clone (insert) dna into them.
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | How far are we from being able to synthesize a genome from
       | scratch for a small genome organism (or patch a large region)?
       | Then we can rely on computer memory.
        
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