[HN Gopher] Starcloud
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Starcloud
        
       https://starcloudinc.github.io/wp.pdf
        
       Author : wiley1454
       Score  : 86 points
       Date   : 2025-05-13 20:13 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ycombinator.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ycombinator.com)
        
       | jklinger410 wrote:
       | Dang that's very cool. As long as up and down bandwidth stay
       | strong and reliable.
        
         | alanfranz wrote:
         | I doubt you need that much bandwidth or reliability. Training
         | is "on site", you just need to upload training material once,
         | then download the trained model.
        
       | justanotheratom wrote:
       | wow, one year back, I had made a prediction to a friend that this
       | is the direction that Starlink will head in. I was thinking it
       | would proceed like this:
       | 
       | 1. provide internet. 2. provide CDN. 3. Edge Compute. 4. Full-on
       | cloud.
       | 
       | These guys see to be focussing on what is basically offline
       | processing (AI training).
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | More like, these guys will be focused on parting VCs from their
         | money.
         | 
         | Datacenters in space makes no sense at all. Even ignoring the
         | huge cost of sending hardware there in the first place, cooling
         | is a massive issue in space. No medium to sink heat into means
         | the only way to cool anything is by running water through giant
         | infrared radiators. Not ideal when cooling is the largest
         | bottleneck in scaling datacenters. Note that they would also
         | have to dissipate the large amounts heat their datacenter
         | satellite gets from being exposed to the Sun.
         | 
         | Also disregard the cost it takes to send a technician for
         | maintenance, of updating hardware, etc.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > Also disregard the cost it takes to send a technician for
           | maintenance, of updating hardware, etc.
           | 
           | This won't happen. If a satellite fails they will just write
           | it off. Maintenance would be more expensive than depreciation
        
       | zamalek wrote:
       | What does space give us that Earth does not in this scenario?
       | Free real estate? They only mention falling costs for deployment.
        
         | tux3 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | I do wonder about data centers in the arctic. Cut out the
           | middle step of greenhouse gases and melt the polar caps
           | directly.
        
             | chewbacha wrote:
             | Not to mention the benefit of directly harming extremely
             | vulnerable ecosystems! Win-win
        
           | btown wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Can you please make your substantive points thoughtfully,
             | without snark or putdowns?
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | It is, to be fair, a shockingly incorrect claim in the
               | context of vacuum.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Can you please not post comments like this? Thoughtful
           | criticism is welcome, of course, but this sort of thing
           | isn't. Besides breaking the site guidelines, it takes threads
           | in less interesting directions and evokes even worse comments
           | from others. We're trying to avoid that here.
           | 
           | " _Don 't be snarky._"
           | 
           | " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of other
           | people's work. A good critical comment teaches us
           | something._"
           | 
           | " _Don 't be curmudgeonly. Thoughtful criticism is fine, but
           | please don't be rigidly or generically negative._"
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | tux3 wrote:
             | Really, on second look, snark still feels justified here.
             | The issue is with TFA. There is little room for a
             | thoughtful comment in response to something transparent.
             | 
             | Some type of submissions will invariably not result in very
             | deep discussion, when the topic itself is so shallow.
        
             | toraway wrote:
             | Tbh your moderation is normally very restrained and even
             | handed so was a bit surprising to see you take down several
             | borderline overly snarky comments in a row (that just so
             | happen to be directed against VC investors or YC founders).
        
         | dilyevsky wrote:
         | There's an answer in their whitepaper[0] - see Table 1. tl;dr -
         | power is continuous and free via solar array
         | 
         | [0] - https://starcloudinc.github.io/wp.pdf
        
           | richardwhiuk wrote:
           | Free in the sense of astronomical capital and operational
           | costs.
        
             | dilyevsky wrote:
             | r&d sure, not sure about ops as you can probably just
             | detach a faulty module and launch a replacement.
        
               | richardwhiuk wrote:
               | Relaunching is effectively operational cost.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | Stationkeeping is not free, satellite monitoring is not
               | free, and any replacement to any component is now a
               | multi-year, at least 1+ million dollar affair (or most
               | likely a complete replacement, since not many satellites
               | have done in-situ repairs).
        
               | GTP wrote:
               | Not an expert in this area, but I think that that "just"
               | is hiding a lot of complexity. Plus you also need some
               | remotely operated robots to mount the replacement.
        
           | cj wrote:
           | > "We still don't appreciate the energy needs of this
           | technology... there's no way to get there without a
           | breakthrough... we need fusion or we need radically cheaper
           | solar plus storage or something" -Sam Altman
           | 
           | It's kind of depressing that the only way to make this tech
           | better is to feed it more energy. (And apparently now to send
           | it to space)
        
             | jebarker wrote:
             | It's also interesting that everyone is convinced the same
             | capabilities can't be realized with drastically less
             | compute.
        
           | CobrastanJorji wrote:
           | Just spitballing here, but what if you built it on Earth, and
           | then used the savings to build a second one on the opposite
           | side of Earth? Now you have equivalently continuous power via
           | solar array and also, as a bonus, air.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | > power is continuous and free via solar array
           | 
           | It's is on earth as well using solar and batteries. What is
           | likely to get cheaper faster? Solar and batteries? Or lifting
           | datacenters to space? The world is almost at the point of
           | deploying 1TW/year of solar, and batteries are catching up.
           | No space required.
        
           | zamalek wrote:
           | Power in needs to equal heat out, and that isn't easy in
           | space. They, deceptively, claim that their novel solution is
           | radiative cooling. Relying on radiation for cooling in space
           | is the problem statement! Convective (as on Earth) is
           | significantly more effective.
           | 
           | I'm not one of those idiots who would claim that "we should
           | focus on terrestrial problems instead of space," but this
           | idea seems to have only downsides.
        
       | ceejayoz wrote:
       | Isn't cooling already a major issue for spacecraft?
       | 
       | The big radiators on the ISS can only dump a few server racks
       | worth of heat.
        
       | thekoma wrote:
       | How does "passive cooling" work in space?
        
         | donyccie wrote:
         | Same question
        
         | geuis wrote:
         | Large radiators like on the ISS.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_Active_Thermal_Contro...
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | With an emphasis on _large_.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_thermal_control?wpr.
           | ..
           | 
           | > Most spacecraft radiators reject between 100 and 350 W of
           | internally generated electronics waste heat per square meter.
        
         | daeken wrote:
         | Massive radiators. The ISS has radiators that have a
         | dissipation capacity of about 3m^2/kW. If we use that number,
         | we'd need a 3000m^2 radiator per megawatt, which is the scale
         | they're talking about. This could theoretically be brought
         | down, but not even by an order of magnitude.
         | 
         | I wonder how much cooling the solar panels alone would need,
         | when operating at that scale.
        
           | echoangle wrote:
           | The radiators on the ISS aren't passive though, they have
           | actively pumped fluid loops to get heat from the hot parts
           | into the radiators.
        
             | alfiedotwtf wrote:
             | That's interesting to know. But since it's space, how do
             | they then cool down the hot fluid?
        
         | Lanzaa wrote:
         | Passive cooling refers to "passive radiative cooling"[0]. This
         | is a well established technique, but I have doubts on how well
         | it will scale with the heat generated by computation.
         | 
         | Radiative cooling works by exploiting the fact that hot objects
         | emit electromagnetic radiation (glow), and hot means everything
         | above absolute zero. The glow carries away energy which cools
         | down the object. One complication is that each glowy object is
         | also going to be absorbing glow from other objects. While the
         | sun, earth, and moon all emit large amounts of glow (again,
         | heat radiation), empty space is around 2.7 Kelvin, which is
         | very cold and has little glow. So the radiative coolers
         | typically need to have line of sight to empty space, which
         | allows them to emit more energy than they absorb.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_cooling
        
         | hatthew wrote:
         | Followup question, wouldn't nearly any cooling solution that
         | works in space also work on the ground? Radiative cooling is
         | the most basic/common cooling solution on the ground, the main
         | challenge is just figuring out how to to move heat from the
         | component to the radiator, which I don't think is solved by
         | simply putting it in space?
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | > Radiative cooling is the most basic/common cooling solution
           | on the ground
           | 
           | Thats tricky. I know the heat exchange components are called
           | radiators but most of the heat they give off is by convection
           | not radiation. (At least here on the ground.) I heard 80%-20%
           | rule of thumb.
           | 
           | But you are right in the broad strokes. Cooling is not easier
           | in space. Mostly because you have no convective heat
           | transfer.
        
       | brador wrote:
       | Solar Radiation and bitrot/damage, how you solving it? Whats your
       | shielding stack?
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | >passive cooling
       | 
       | huh? I was under the impression that cooling in space is an
       | absolute nightmare since radiating heat into vacuum is super
       | hard?
       | 
       | Even the comparatively small and decidedly H100-free ISS needed
       | giant radiators
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_Active_Thermal_Contro...
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | These two words are a massive red flags, signaling this is
         | nothing more than a giant grift, like most of today's economy.
        
       | znkynz wrote:
       | Can't wait to experience a Gigawatt DC re-entering a la Cosmos
       | 482.
        
         | rzzzt wrote:
         | Free hardware delivered to your doorstep!
        
       | pauletienney wrote:
       | Make something hard harder, just because
        
         | arm32 wrote:
         | It'll provide Earth more shade from that pesky sun!
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Can this possibly make financial sense even if launch costs were
       | zero?
       | 
       | One NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD consumes 10 kW which would be ~500 square
       | feet of solar panels and ~100 square feet of radiator area.
        
         | transpute wrote:
         | https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/th...
         | 
         |  _> Their design calls for a cluster of shipping container-
         | style boxes packed with high-speed AI chips. These would be
         | anchored at the centre of a 16 sq km array of solar panels
         | generating up to five gigawatts of power -- about 25 per cent
         | more than Drax, Britain's biggest power station. The mammoth
         | structure would circle the Earth in "sun synchronous" orbit so
         | that it is never in shade_
        
           | semi-extrinsic wrote:
           | Their whitepaper clearly demonstrates a profound lack of
           | knowledge of thermal engineering. E.g. heat pumps are
           | described as magical things.
           | 
           | They are literally planning to feed the radiators using a
           | coolant like water and sensible heat at 35 degC to 5 degC. At
           | 5 GW, you then need to be pumping 60 000 liters of water per
           | second.
           | 
           | That's like a tenth of the Sacramento river, going through a
           | 16 sq km array in space and hoping that nothing leaks.
        
         | VladVladikoff wrote:
         | Even if they somehow figure out all these problems. how do you
         | manage a space based data centre? do you have rotating staff
         | living there? or are they just praying that nothing ever goes
         | wrong??? Isn't radiation a massive problem in space? i would
         | expect consumer grade hardware to be constantly flipping bits
         | accidentally that shouldn't have flipped.
        
       | divbzero wrote:
       | I was wondering if these server racks in space would need to be
       | specifically designed for enough radiative cooling. Apparently
       | the answer is yes: the radiators would be expansive and placed on
       | the reverse side of the solar panels.
       | 
       |  _Starcloud is developing a lightweight deployable radiator
       | design with a very large area - by far the largest radiators
       | deployed in space - radiating primarily towards deep space, which
       | has an average temperature of about 2.7 Kelvin or -270degC. The
       | radiators can be positioned in-line with the solar arrays as
       | shown in Figure 3, with one side exposed to sunlight._
       | 
       |  _..._
       | 
       |  _Figure 3. A data center in Sun Synchronous Orbit, showing a 4km
       | x 4km deployed solar array and radiators._
       | 
       | https://www.starcloud.com/wp
        
       | UberFly wrote:
       | Most expensive IT call ever when you need to go fix that one
       | fried power convertor that everyone said wouldn't fail.
        
       | abetaha wrote:
       | Definitely an out of this world idea. I wonder if their micro
       | datacenter is going to be self-sufficient power wise using only
       | solar energy? And how would they address the hardware failures
       | that are likely when you train large language models at scale?
        
         | 827a wrote:
         | Given the purported cost benefits in their whitepaper [1],
         | hardware failures might be an irrelevant rounding error. They
         | suggest something to the tune of 100x cheaper.
         | 
         | [1] https://starcloudinc.github.io/wp.pdf
        
         | abetaha wrote:
         | The white paper back of the envelope calculations show a 4km x
         | 4km solar panels and radiators are required for a 5 GW
         | datacenter. I am not sure how the authors were not cracking up
         | while writing that white paper.
        
       | babuloseo wrote:
       | How I sniffed and stole training data and model data over the air
       | to "Starcloud" posts gonna be crazy amount in abundance
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | I've been saying for a long time that we should consider remote
       | areas for building datacenters for batch processing.
       | 
       | At first I thought the poles (of the planet) might be good. The
       | cooling is basically free. But the energy and internet
       | connectivity would be a problem. At the poles you can really only
       | get solar about three months a year, and even then you need a lot
       | of panels. Most of Antarctica is powered diesel because of this.
       | 
       | So the next thought was space. At the time, launching to space
       | was way too costly for it to ever make sense. But now, with much
       | cheaper launches, space is accessible.
       | 
       | Power seems easily solved. You can get lots of free energy from
       | the sun with some modest panels. But to do that requires an odd
       | orbit where you wouldn't be over the same spot on earth, which
       | could make internet access difficult. Or you can go geostationary
       | over a powerful ground station, but then you'd need some really
       | big batteries for all the time you aren't in the sun.
       | 
       | But cooling is a huge problem. Space is cold, but there is no
       | medium to transfer the heat away from the hot objects. I think
       | this will be the biggest sticking point, unless they came up with
       | an innovative solution.
        
         | pauletienney wrote:
         | I have no clue about space technology but many comments point
         | the difficulty to cool anything in space. If Starcloud had an
         | innovative solution to this problem, why on Earth (sic) focus
         | on data centers when they could help the entire space industry?
         | It does not smell good.
        
         | vonneumannstan wrote:
         | >But cooling is a huge problem. Space is cold, but there is no
         | medium to transfer the heat away from the hot objects. I think
         | this will be the biggest sticking point, unless they came up
         | with an innovative solution.
         | 
         | Their main tech breakthrough would have to be in this area
         | otherwise the company is worthless imo.
        
           | daeken wrote:
           | It's possible to do all of this with current technology.
           | Just... Why? The cost would be exorbitant; even with really
           | clever deployment tech, the launch costs are gonna be
           | dominated by solar panels and radiators.
           | 
           | This is a super cool idea and seems like perfect investor-
           | bait. That's about where it ends.
        
             | handfuloflight wrote:
             | Perhaps a hedge in case apocalyptic scenarios disable or
             | reduce networks on the ground?
        
               | jsheard wrote:
               | Apocalyptic scenarios where terrestrial communication
               | methods going back over a century are no longer feasible,
               | but we can still readily talk to _space?_ And maintain
               | /replace the stuff we have up there?
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | Yes, because in an apocalyptic scenario what we all will
               | be clamouring will be space data centres training AI and
               | mining bitcoin.
        
             | matt-p wrote:
             | Genuinely most "AI" DCs are spending less than 9KW on
             | cooling for every 100KW of servers. If you were that
             | bothered about getting that to zero, you could literally
             | sink them into the ocean, build a heat network so the town
             | can take the heat for free or use any of a dozen more
             | established and practical ways to do that.
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | Please don't suggest heating the ocean! Someone might
               | just go to try to do that. The ocean is already warming
               | too much!
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | I don't think they can bend the laws of physics though.
           | Vacuum means the only way to dissipate heat is through
           | thermal radiation, hence the huge infrared radiators.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | > But to do that requires an odd orbit where you wouldn't be
         | over the same spot on earth, which could make internet access
         | difficult
         | 
         | Routing through starlink should have direct LoS at all times.
        
           | jsheard wrote:
           | Whether Starlink can keep up with the bandwidth demands of
           | orbital datacenters is another question though.
           | 
           | (probably not)
        
         | dfabulich wrote:
         | Their whitepaper explains their cooling "solution":
         | https://starcloudinc.github.io/wp.pdf
         | 
         | > _As conduction and convection to the environment are not
         | available in space, this means the data center will require
         | radiators capable of radiatively dissipating gigawatts of
         | thermal load. To achieve this, Starcloud is developing a
         | lightweight deployable radiator design with a very large area -
         | by far the largest radiators deployed in space - radiating
         | primarily towards deep space_...
         | 
         | They claim they can radiate "633.08 W / m^2". At that rate,
         | they're looking at square _kilometers_ of radiators to
         | dissipate gigawatts of thermal load, perhaps _hectares_ of
         | radiators.
         | 
         | They also claim that they can "dramatically increase" heat
         | dissipation with heat pumps.
         | 
         | So, there you have it: "all you have to do" is deploy a few
         | hectares of radiators in space, combined with heat pumps that
         | can dissipate gigawatts of thermal load with no maintenance at
         | all over a lifetime of decades.
         | 
         | This seems like the sort of "not technically _impossible_ "
         | problem that can attract a large amount of VC funding, as VCs
         | buy lottery tickets that the problem can be solved.
        
           | mrj wrote:
           | An object of that size in orbit seems like it'd run into
           | problems developing sizable holes due to space junk and
           | whathaveyou. There's probably _some_ maintenance...
        
           | Invictus0 wrote:
           | I don't get it--are the founders just grifters? How did this
           | startup even make it off the drawing board?
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | dang wrote:
               | That crosses into personal attack, which is not allowed
               | on HN, so please don't.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | Probably because space companies will invest in you to feed
             | their bubble.
             | 
             | You have to find trillions of dollars of future launches to
             | justify current valuations.
        
             | erulabs wrote:
             | a 1% chance of making a billion dollars is worth 1 million
             | dollars.
        
               | mjcohen wrote:
               | 10 million
        
             | jrflowers wrote:
             | It's only a grift if they know they can't solve the cooling
             | issue _and_ they falsify data around their proposed
             | solution _and_ they publicly embarrass their investors a la
             | Theranos.
             | 
             | Outside of that, accepting money and saying "I will simply
             | solve the enormous problem with my idea by solving it" is
             | not only normal, but actively encouraged and rewarded in
             | the VC sphere. Suggesting that that way of operating is
             | anything short of the standard that should be aspired to is
             | actually seen as derisive and offensive on here and can get
             | you labeled as gauche or combative.
        
           | sfink wrote:
           | Or we could build a large vacuum chamber here on Earth and
           | put a data center in it, if the goal is to make cooling as
           | difficult as possible. "My data center is too hot! It's
           | burning me!" "Put it in a giant thermos, then you won't feel
           | it anymore."
           | 
           | > They also claim that they can "dramatically increase" heat
           | dissipation with heat pumps.
           | 
           | Right, great idea. Start with the heat where you don't want
           | it -- in the chip -- and pump it out to where it can't go
           | anywhere. Then you can recirculate the medium back and have
           | slightly older heat that you can mix with the new heat! It'll
           | be a heat party!
           | 
           | It's just like a terrestrial heat pump, where you pump the
           | heat out to where you have a huge environmental sink to
           | transfer the heat to. In space, you have something like a
           | hundred thousand hydrogen atoms per cubic meter to take up
           | the heat. A HUNDRED THOUSAND! That's a bigly number, it must
           | work out. We can always make those atoms go really, really
           | fast!
           | 
           | Did an AI invent this whole scheme?
        
           | hnuser123456 wrote:
           | Obviously use the heat pumps to concentrate the thermal
           | energy up to 2700k, then conduct it along a bunch of tungsten
           | filaments, now it's the world's biggest incandescent
           | lightbulb on top of being the first datacenter in space.
           | Maybe get it up to 4000k for a more modern lighting look.
           | Guess we're gonna assume the dark forest hypothesis is false.
        
             | alfiedotwtf wrote:
             | Could they concentrate the energy and beam it down to earth
             | as a source for electricity generation on the ground?
        
           | stephenhandley wrote:
           | I was trying to put these sizes in rough perspective. ISS is
           | the largest man-made object in space, which is basically the
           | size of a football field (half a hectare) and cost $150B.
           | https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/comparison-of-size-of-
           | int...
           | 
           | The whitepaper shows a 4km x 4km solar array, which is 1600
           | hectares (3200 International Space Stations). Would assume
           | the array they're proposing would be cheaper since its
           | structurally more homogenous, but $480 trillion dollars is a
           | whole lot of money.
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | > I've been saying for a long time that we should consider
         | remote areas for building datacenters for batch processing.
         | 
         | FWIW there's a reason that Sweden has a bunch of datacenters in
         | the north that are peanuts compared to hosting in Virginia.
         | 
         | They're "poorly" connected (by virtue of being a bit out of the
         | way), but the free cooling and power from renewables make them
         | extremely attractive. There was a time where they were the
         | favourite of crypto-miners for the same reason as they would be
         | attractive to AI training farms.
         | 
         | Fortlax has some I believe; https://www.fortlax.se
         | 
         | -----
         | 
         | As for the meat of the paper. Anyone with a passing
         | understanding of space will be quick to point out that:
         | 
         | A) Heat is a _problem_ in space, it 's either way-way-way to
         | hot (IE; you're in the path of the Sun) or it's way-way-way too
         | cold (IE; you're out of the sun) and the shift between the two
         | means you need to build for both. You also can't dissipate heat
         | as there's no air to take the heat away.
         | 
         | B) Power is not so abundant and solar panels degrade; a huge
         | amount of satellite building is essentially managing a decline
         | in the capability of hardware. That's part of why there are so
         | many up there.
         | 
         | C) Getting reasonably sized hardware up there is beyond
         | improbable, though I'll grant you that most of the weight in a
         | computer is the cooling components and chassis.
         | 
         | D) Cosmic Rays. No electromagnetic barrier from earth _and_
         | extremely tight lithographies. I mean... there 's a reason NASA
         | is still using CPU's measured in the _megahertz_ range.
        
         | ziofill wrote:
         | Perhaps I'm missing something, but if the only energy they get
         | is coming from the sun, then they only need to dissipate that
         | same amount of heat (minus whatever energy was needed for
         | beaming data down to Earth).
        
           | bongodongobob wrote:
           | What you're missing is that you'd have a huge solar array
           | that powers something much smaller, so that energy gets
           | concentrated into a small area.
        
             | gbear605 wrote:
             | That's not how it works. With conservation of energy, all
             | the energy coming in to power the computers has to be
             | emitted somehow. Powering computers doesn't get rid of the
             | energy, it just makes it unusable and converts it into
             | heat.
        
         | 38 wrote:
         | > At first I thought the poles (of the planet) might be good.
         | The cooling is basically free.
         | 
         | Yes, let's go ahead and finish melting the ice caps, great idea
        
       | vanilla wrote:
       | space debris, radiation and no maintenance. The buzzwords sure
       | sound cool, but make absolutely no sense.
        
       | jsheard wrote:
       | Aside from the obvious cooling issues people have already
       | mentioned, isn't cosmic radiation also very unkind to modern
       | ultra dense silicon? AIUI they tend to use really old silicon
       | processes in space stuff for that reason, and even then they have
       | to build in redundant compute to mitigate logic errors that
       | probably wouldn't happen on Earth.
        
         | NitpickLawyer wrote:
         | > They tend to use really old silicon processes in space stuff
         | for that reason.
         | 
         | To be fair that's mostly part "if it works don't change it" and
         | part "that's how we've always done it". SpX uses newer hardware
         | w/ traditional OSs (linux) w/ lots of redundancy.
        
         | megiddo wrote:
         | This. Had to deal with cosmic rays on earth in data centers 20
         | years ago.
         | 
         | I can't imagine running bleeding edge GPUs in a particle
         | accelerator and getting reasonable results.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | Does SpaceX also use old silicon for Starlink and other
         | projects?
        
           | jsheard wrote:
           | I believe they use relatively modern silicon, but the nature
           | of a constellation gives them a lot of wiggle room to route
           | around failures.
        
       | devops000 wrote:
       | When I read something like this I fell that I am wasting my time
       | working on a B2B SaaS.
        
       | Townley wrote:
       | It sounds like their vision for space-based data centers
       | presupposes nearly-free energy costs, delivered via a colossal
       | solar farm made possible by falling launch costs.
       | 
       | Temporarily putting aside (extremely fair) feasibility questions
       | around those two pre-requisites, data centers are a not-bad
       | choice for things to do with unlimited space energy.
       | 
       | Aluminum smelting or growing food are the two I'd think of
       | otherwise, and neither of those can have inputs/outputs beamed to
       | a global network of high-bandwidth satellites.
        
         | gbear605 wrote:
         | Solar energy isn't that much more efficient in Earth orbit than
         | on Earth - maybe twice as efficient. That sounds nice, but
         | you're saving half of your solar panel cost while massively
         | increasing every other cost.
        
       | mark242 wrote:
       | And what happens to these datacenters when the underlying GPU
       | tech becomes obsolete within 2-3 years?
        
         | Bedon292 wrote:
         | I would imagine you could launch a new rack, dump the old one,
         | and connect the new one to the existing solar / cooling array.
         | Hopefully with some sort of re-entry and recycling plan for the
         | old one. The sheer size the arrays are going to need to be feel
         | like they are going to be the more important part of it.
        
       | vonneumannstan wrote:
       | Unless they've figured out some impressive cooling tech, which I
       | would expect would be worth more than the rest of their company
       | combined, then this is pretty much DoA. "More efficient cooling
       | architecture taking advantage of higher DT in space" would indeed
       | be useful if you had a nice medium to radiate into. It turns out
       | that thermal radiation is incredibly poor into the vacuum of
       | space lol.
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | Space (with a sunshade) is a nearly perfect medium into which
         | to radiate heat, in the sense that there's nothing better.
         | 
         | But I agree with your general point. At 100degC, you can
         | radiate about 1kW/m^2. That's 1000m^2 of radiator per MW of
         | datacenter, assuming you can operate with the radiator at
         | 100degC. You can fudge this a bit with a heat pump (to run the
         | radiator hotter, paying a linear-ish power penalty and gaining
         | a fourth-power radiation benefit), but that's expensive and
         | that power isn't free.
         | 
         | Here on Earth, you can cool by conduction or evaporation, which
         | isn't an option in space.
        
       | shantara wrote:
       | Scott Manley has published a video a few months ago explaining
       | why putting data centers in space is an absolutely terrible idea.
       | Lumen Orbit, the company mentioned, is a former name of
       | Starcloud.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-YcVLq98Ew
        
       | serjester wrote:
       | Very ambitious but it seems futile if you're not building the
       | rockets yourself. Personally I'm more bullish on figuring out how
       | to use analog chips to train models.
        
       | ianhowson wrote:
       | I had a good laugh.
       | 
       | - You can't build 40MW of solar panels for $2M, even with
       | theoretical maximum efficiency. You can't even build the cabling
       | and regulators at that price.
       | 
       | - You need battery storage -- not as your backup -- but as
       | primary source. It is going to cost more than $2M. Batteries are
       | heavy. They are going to cost a lot to launch. This is not even
       | solved on the ground yet.
       | 
       | - You need a heat transport medium to move heat into your massive
       | radiator. Either you use water or you use air or you use
       | heatpipes (metal). You have to pay for the cost and weight and
       | launch expense. This is probably half the weight of the rack and
       | I haven't bothered to do the math about how you transport heat
       | into a 500 foot solar sail.
       | 
       | - Let's not even talk about how you need to colocate multiple
       | other racks for compute and storage. There aren't any 1TBps
       | orbital link technologies.
       | 
       | - Rad shielding? It doesn't work, but I'll let this slide; it
       | seems like the least problematic part of the proposal.
       | 
       | - 15 year lifetime? GPUs are obsolete after 12 months.
       | 
       | I don't want to be the guy who shoots stuff down just for fun,
       | but this doesn't even pass the sniff test. Maybe you can get 10x
       | cheaper power and cooling in space. Still doesn't work.
        
         | postalrat wrote:
         | Where do I buy some of these 12 month old obsolete GPUs?
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | Also: repairs. Every time I read someone's story about large-
         | scale ML training, a bunch of it is about identifying failing
         | or flaky equipment and fixing it. That's not so easy in space.
        
         | rozap wrote:
         | Either this is performance art, or interest rates are too low.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | GPUs are not obsolete after 12 months. Look at how Nvidia is
         | stagnating for their 50 series lineup.
         | 
         | The biggest problem is software. The CUDA stack is not
         | maintained forever and certainly less than 15 years.
        
         | BonoboIO wrote:
         | Good point, Rad shielding ... how even trust your calculations
         | when everything is grilled by charged particles.
        
         | alfiedotwtf wrote:
         | Most comments on this page are about the problem with heat.
         | You're saying the problem is battery storage.
         | 
         | ... couldn't you just merge both problems into a solution -
         | your radiators ARE you power source
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Their whitepaper (https://starcloudinc.github.io/wp.pdf) had a
       | thread last fall:
       | 
       |  _We should train AI in space [pdf]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41478241 - Sept 2024 (93
       | comments)
       | 
       | A bit more here:
       | 
       |  _Lumen Orbit_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42790424 -
       | Jan 2025 (2 comments)
       | 
       |  _VCs wanted to get into Lumen Orbit 's $11M seed round_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42518284 - Dec 2024 (2
       | comments)
        
       | MattSteelblade wrote:
       | This doesn't pass the sniff test. Please, show me the napkin math
       | where this remotely adds up.
        
       | niek_pas wrote:
       | I miss when tech was exciting
        
       | thrance wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, but could you please follow HN's guidelines when posting
         | here (https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html)? They
         | include:
         | 
         | " _Please don 't fulminate._"
         | 
         | " _Don 't be curmudgeonly. Thoughtful criticism is fine, but
         | please don't be rigidly or generically negative._"
        
       | VladVladikoff wrote:
       | is this a joke? isn't cooling in space a really big problem? how
       | does it make sense to run a data centre with huge cooling
       | requirements in a place where cooling is very difficult to
       | accomplish?
        
       | entangledqubit wrote:
       | Microsoft had/has the Natick project which was an undersea data
       | center testbed which allegedly had a bunch of benefits. That
       | doesn't seem to have gone anywhere - or at least isn't really
       | scaling up. I'd imagine the ongoing operational costs of space
       | are worse than the ocean?
       | 
       | To me, the cost estimates seem a bit off and conflate capital
       | with running costs.
       | 
       | The main benefit for space at the moment seems to be sidestepping
       | terrestrial regulations.
        
       | WhitneyLand wrote:
       | Suggest changing the elevator pitch text - it's never going to
       | make sense to train a frontier model in space. In our lifetime at
       | least.
        
         | varunneal wrote:
         | I'll take the long side on that bet
        
       | CobrastanJorji wrote:
       | I'm not an engineer, so maybe I'm wrong, but isn't cooling
       | famously difficult in space?
        
       | Glyptodon wrote:
       | Does abundant cooling in space mean there's a better way to
       | radiate away heat than on Earth or just that the heat doesn't
       | contribute to heating up Earth or something more complicated?
       | (Asking because I thought cooling was a big problem in space.)
        
       | settsu wrote:
       | I guess since we decided Idiocracy was aspirational, why not
       | Wall-E as well.
       | 
       | /s (kinda but maybe not really...)
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | These venture capital scams are getting more and more creative...
        
       | arp242 wrote:
       | Reading the paper this sounds like space Theranos. If they start
       | producing results then I'd double check to make sure it's not
       | just calculated on regular data centres and that they're just
       | pretending its from their space stations.
       | 
       | Aside from the technical concerns already raised in other
       | comments, I'm also not sure we really want all this private for-
       | profit usage of earth's orbit. The orbital environment is already
       | somewhat congested and people have already been raising concerns
       | about it. There is the potential for it all to spectacularly blow
       | up in our faces and become so polluted that we won't be able to
       | do many launches at all.
        
         | bitmasher9 wrote:
         | Private use of previous public resources has had mixed success,
         | but it feels like leaving space to the public sector will doom
         | us to being Terran bound forever.
        
           | aunetx wrote:
           | I don't see the problem in that to be honest... Especially if
           | the other solution would be allowing private companies to
           | take over our (shared) orbit, meteorites, and -- continuing
           | the trend -- planets for themselves to profit. If it seems
           | overly pessimistic, we can just look at how our own planet's
           | ressources are shared...
        
           | arp242 wrote:
           | I don't know what the best solution is to be honest, but a
           | wild west where improbable VC-funded nonsense is launched
           | isn't it. Leaving it only to the public sector is the other
           | extreme end of course.
        
       | echoangle wrote:
       | I'm still not sure how people can believe this, this makes zero
       | sense to me.
       | 
       | There is no easy passive cooling in space, getting rid of heat is
       | a major problem. And you need more redundancy because the
       | radiation will crash your computers. And launch is very expensive
       | of course.
       | 
       | And the whole presentation is completely ludicrous. Look at table
       | 1 in the linked PDF and tell me you're serious. There is no
       | additional cost when sending a datacenter to space except launch
       | cost and shielding? Building a server farm on earth is the same
       | price as building a satellite you can launch on a rocket as long
       | as you use the same computers?
        
         | slashdev wrote:
         | I agree, this is makes no sense at all.
         | 
         | Can I take the other side of this investment? Like an angel
         | funding round, but selling short?
        
           | debatem1 wrote:
           | If you figure out how to do this I will invest in your fund.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | > There is no easy passive cooling in space, getting rid of
         | heat is a major problem
         | 
         | Nonetheless getting rid of heat (by radiation) _is_ possible,
         | otherwise people would be roasted inside the ISS.
         | 
         | I'm sure all of these companies are advertising "ChatGPT in
         | Space!" because that's what will generate hype and money, but
         | what they'll actually be planning is very small edge data
         | centers whose job is to reduce latency.
         | 
         | Whether that makes financial sense, I have no idea. But I am
         | sure it's at least physically possible for a small enough data
         | center.
        
         | alfiedotwtf wrote:
         | I got to the comma in the first sentence from the webpage and
         | immediately went to the comments because I had the exact same
         | thought.
         | 
         | Given Y Combinator's vetting process, I'm sure they would have
         | tackled this problem somehow - maybe by feeding the heat into
         | another process? It will be interesting to see how they've
         | solved this.
        
           | vermilingua wrote:
           | > Given Y Combinator's vetting process...
           | 
           | The vetting process of the fund that quite famously invests
           | in the founders over the idea?
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Read the "Thermal Management" section, page 8 ...
        
       | bitmasher9 wrote:
       | How do they plan on addressing the solar radiation issue? What is
       | the solar flare risk?
       | 
       | A CDN for Starlink customers is probably the first use case for
       | servers in space, not training GPT6, which will be a big enough
       | project on familiar territory.
        
       | ryandamm wrote:
       | Cooling in space was covered by XKCD's Randall Munroe in pretty
       | entertaining detail here:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsUBRd1O2dU
       | 
       | TL;DR... cooling in space isn't passive, you're on the "inside"
       | of an enormous vacuum flask. And radiative coupling with space is
       | possible from the ground, if that's what you're interested in:
       | 
       | https://www.skycoolsystems.com
       | 
       | But god bless crazy entrepreneurs. Don't ask whether we can,
       | definitely don't ask if we should, just ask whether it makes for
       | good headlines...
        
       | floathub wrote:
       | Canadian north makes sense (very cheap electricity, ridiculously
       | easy heat management).
       | 
       | Space? I really don't get it.
        
       | crispinb wrote:
       | Ycombinator has one legitimate function: dissipating excess
       | looted wealth.
        
       | lwansbrough wrote:
       | I think calling this a solution in search of a problem would be
       | too generous. This is a solution in search of a solution.
        
       | BonoboIO wrote:
       | This has to be one of the dumbest ideas I've seen posted here.
       | 
       | Just think about the sheer effort required to dump 1 BILLION
       | watts of waste heat into space - the engineering challenges alone
       | make this completely impractical.
       | 
       | Compared to this, Theranos actually looks like a solid
       | investment. At least Holmes had working demos and big-name
       | backers before it all fell apart. This doesn't even pass the
       | basic smell test.
        
       | ryandamm wrote:
       | All these comments are acting like this is a major problem with
       | VCs in general.
       | 
       | Is this not a major problem with YC, specifically? Our beloved
       | orange site funded and accelerated these guys.
        
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