[HN Gopher] High-school shop students attract skilled-trades job...
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       High-school shop students attract skilled-trades job offers
        
       Author : lxm
       Score  : 101 points
       Date   : 2025-05-11 15:31 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | techpineapple wrote:
       | Can't really read the article so can't confirm this. There's a
       | this idea that like a liberal focus on college has made the
       | trades so unpopular no one is going into the trades, but doesn't
       | at least half the country live in a place / have parents that
       | value the trades?
       | 
       | I sort of have two theories. One is that you probably have to be
       | relatively smart to go into the trades. I remember listening to a
       | podcast recently on military recruitment and they said because
       | the military is so modern, they have to do most of their
       | recruiting in middle class neighborhoods with good schools.
       | 
       | Which means that maybe somewhat unintuitively, there are no
       | separate paths -- college for good students, trade school and
       | military for I dunno, "non-academic/street smarts or whatever you
       | wan to call it. -- trade schools, the military and colleges are
       | actually all competing for the same students.
       | 
       | The second theory is tied to the first one, but for all the
       | marketing on how great these jobs are, there are structural /
       | practical problems with them. From how they pay, to lack of job
       | security to the havoc they can wreak on your body.
        
         | WillAdams wrote:
         | That's pretty much it in a nutshell --- I've always described
         | the "Maker Movement" as "Geeks who missed shop class".
         | 
         | Cut my teeth on texts such as:
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7326227-steel-square
         | 
         | and have bought (and given away) more copies of:
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30685840-practical-shop-...
         | 
         | and
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/54328381-construction-ge...
         | 
         | than I'd care to count.
         | 
         | Current project has me working through: the _Make:
         | Geometry/Trigonometry/Calculus_ books (and looking for a good
         | book on conic sections which has optimized formulae to speed
         | up/simplify what are currently a series of chained
         | trigonometric functions...).
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | > There's a this idea that like a liberal focus on college has
         | made the trades so unpopular no one is going into the trades
         | 
         | The conservative / GOP tactics are usually the same, and
         | everyone else has, at conservative urging, disarmed themselves
         | - they've abandoned postmodern understanding of communication,
         | which the conservatives strategically embrace:
         | 
         | They reframe issues: College is reframed - it was that
         | knowledge was power, the key to life, citzenship, work, and
         | sharpening your mind, your critical thinking, with the best
         | thinkers and ideas in history was the most powerful tool. Now
         | college is reframed as a training in employment skills for
         | corporations. Life was about dreams and opportunity, fulfilling
         | your potential and your dreams; now it's about making enough to
         | survive. They refame America: It was the land of opportunity,
         | where by working hard anyone had the opportunity to accomplish
         | anything, not a class-based oppressive system like Europe and
         | elsewhere; now you stay in your socioeconomic lane, take any
         | job you can get, and (again) survive - what does a poor kid
         | need college for?
         | 
         | How you frame issues can determine the outcome of the
         | discussion. 'Should we murder unborn babies?', 'Should we let
         | undocumented criminals into the country?' - obviously, the
         | answer is in how the question is framed (and often the framing
         | is much more subtle than these easy examples). That doesn't
         | mean there aren't merits to both sides but framing is a way to
         | prevent discussion of the merits.
         | 
         | They also demonize: Everything must include a criticism of
         | 'liberals'. Almost as a display of _bona fides_ , you'll see
         | that commentary must always include an attack on liberals, even
         | if it's a critique of something the GOP/conservatives is doing.
         | Similarly they blame 'liberals' for every problem, no matter
         | how absurd. They blame liberals for immigration, health care,
         | lack of green energy, etc. etc. If you read the transcripts of
         | the leaked Signal chats, you'll see their agreed-upon talking
         | points included, without discussion, 'blame Biden'. Biden isn't
         | even in office and will never run again, but that's a must.
         | 
         | And why wouldn't they do these things? They work and nobody
         | puts up any resistance; nobody even tries to understand their
         | tactics or why they work and dominate the public debate. The
         | Democrats play helpless - not a winning strategy and IMHO the
         | reason they lose; who votes for helpless? And many liberals now
         | embrace victimhood -- helplessness + persecution = a lack of
         | personal responsibility for anything -- another winning
         | strategy.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | Universities are the main gatekeepers of the class based
           | oppressive system you complain about. The current
           | bureaucratic governing structure of the US has been created
           | by the liberals during the period from the New Deal through
           | the early 90s when Democrats had almost unbroken control of
           | congress. So, regardless of whether conservative complaints
           | are valid, liberals are the correct people to complain about
           | if you are unhappy with the current system because they are
           | the ones who built it.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | Employers, not universities. Employers were the ones who
             | decided that most good jobs require a college degree. And
             | then they sent administrators as their minions to take over
             | the universities. Americans often call their universities
             | colleges, which implies an organizational structure where
             | the senior professionals doing the actual work are in
             | charge. And that's how things used to work. But somehow
             | that got turned around, with the administrators in charge
             | and business interests treating universities as vocational
             | schools.
             | 
             | One way to look at this is through different motivations to
             | studying: internal (you want to learn things), external
             | (you want to be successful at whatever is being measured),
             | and pragmatic (you want to pass the classes, get the
             | degree, and move on). Universities prefer internally
             | motivated students - those who study to learn rather than
             | for jobs and career success. They can try to educate people
             | with other motivations, but what those students want is
             | inherently in conflict with what the professors want.
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | I think you are defining 'liberal' as 'whatever was favored
             | in that time period' or the now popular 'not contemporary
             | far right populists'. The White House, however, was
             | controlled by Republicans, for example, from 1968-1992 with
             | one four year break.
             | 
             | > Universities are the main gatekeepers of the class based
             | oppressive system you complain about.
             | 
             | How so? Before Republicans cut funding, universities were
             | widely available, especially public ones. Many like NYC's
             | city colleges were free. Once you got a degree, you were in
             | a different socioeconomic class, but degrees were available
             | to those who could get them. The number of people with
             | degrees grew considerably, including through programs like
             | the GI Bill. That's substantial opportunity and class
             | mobility.
             | 
             | Now whether you get into college depends, most of all, on
             | the class you're born into. US social mobility has dropped
             | significantly.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | > _One is that you probably have to be relatively smart to go
         | into the trades_
         | 
         | I've got to wonder if a deeper dynamic is that you now have to
         | be relatively "smart" to go into the trades because perhaps the
         | teaching/curricula is lacking, making it so that more base
         | general intelligence / self starting on abstract concepts is
         | required to actually learn in the first place. Trade classes
         | should be an opportunity for people who missed the verbal-
         | communication-of-abstract-topics meta-intelligence to develop
         | their intelligence focused around a narrower topic that they
         | taking a liking to. But if the teacher is really uninspired,
         | and the curriculum shies away from actually creating larger
         | cool things or playing with different techniques, (or becomes
         | about following the manual for procedures for poorly-documented
         | poorly-written throwaway proprietary software) I can see it
         | coming off as yet another "when are we going to need this" high
         | school class.
        
           | techpineapple wrote:
           | I'll bet it's a scale issue though. Everyone knows a person
           | (I'm one of them) who does bad in say math class but later
           | gets a job with applied math, because doing math in a
           | classroom is boring.
           | 
           | But if you try to design a curriculum for say "math you need
           | to be an electrician for people who failed math class".
           | You're mostly going to get people who just don't have the
           | whatever they need to be good enough at math to be an
           | electrician.
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | "math you need to be an electrician for people who failed
             | math class" seems like a reaction from within the model of
             | the prevailing philosophy - more abstraction-first book
             | learning. Whereas addressing a different learning style
             | would be more like: here are the physical skills you need
             | to be an electrician, here are more classes working your
             | way up to build larger and larger things, and oh by the way
             | now that you've developed the skills of building things
             | while taking direction from someone telling you _how_ to
             | build it, let 's try to teach you how to figure out how to
             | build it yourself.
             | 
             | And I'm just wondering if the safety-and-HR-uber-alles
             | dynamic has stamped out a lot a of that physical-skills-
             | first in favor of like, dry lessons trying to tell people
             | all about wiring before they actually get to play with
             | wires. Thus making it so the same people who succeed here
             | are the traditionally "smart" ones that can take abstract
             | knowledge and store it for later, before having something
             | tangible to apply it to.
             | 
             | (electrician might not be the best example for this because
             | the differences between good/unsafe/unpowered wiring are
             | still pretty abstract, but hopefully you can see the point
             | regardless)
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | To do well in the trades (i.e. doing something more than
           | general laborer work) you need to be smart. You need to be
           | able to program computer controlled mills and lathes, or
           | troubleshoot computer-controlled electrical distribution
           | systems, etc. Even to be a good mechanic, carpenter,
           | ironworker, or plumber involves more and more technology and
           | has always required good mathmatical and geometric ability.
           | You also have to memorize all the detailed requirements of
           | building code or other regulations at least as they apply to
           | your trade. You can't advance very far if you're not
           | reasonably smart.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | There's also a bit of this that's culture war fodder. A lot of
         | middle-class conservatives send their kids to colleges, their
         | kids reject their parents' conservatism, so the parents think
         | the college has used some kind of magic liberalism ray[0] on
         | their kids.
         | 
         | The reality is, of course, that their kids weren't nearly as
         | conservative as the parents thought. But that doesn't stop the
         | salient myth of liberal indoctrination in colleges.
         | 
         | Trade schools come into play mainly as a totem to hold up
         | against liberal colleges. They are being played up as a sort of
         | bastion of conservative thought, mainly because they don't have
         | those pesky general ed requirements that might accidentally
         | tell people how to fight against the elites running the system.
         | 
         | There's a kernel of truth in all of this, in that there's
         | _some_ trades that shouldn 't have been left out of the STEM
         | paths that colleges like to push as an obvious moneymaker. The
         | culture war is ultimately one of mottes and baileys, where you
         | take some truth and ride it as one's political hobby-horse.
         | Hell, just to explain why this happens I've already had to do
         | the same thing.
         | 
         | [0] In the same way that some people think tech companies can
         | "hack our dopamine loops" or whatever
        
           | techpineapple wrote:
           | The thing that gets to me, and everyone is overly idealistic
           | about a lot of things(learn to code!) but I really wish that
           | that things were as simple as conservative culture warriors
           | laid them out to be. It would be great if there was this "one
           | neat trick!" To getting a 70k a year job right out of high
           | school, optimized for people less academically inclined.
        
           | repeekad wrote:
           | For what it's worth, my intro to psychology gen ed professor
           | told us to spell "humyn" with a y to "remove woman being
           | dependent on man" and let us skip the final if we recorded
           | ourselves protesting the controversial state house bill at
           | the time.
           | 
           | On net I agree with what you're saying, but know that the
           | culture war isn't total bs one sided, and my unremarkable
           | school had plenty of bad examples like this. Evergreen
           | university in 2017 barring white people from attending class
           | for a day was particularly embarrassing.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | If the indoctrination ray worked, you wouldn't be
             | complaining about it. :-)
        
               | repeekad wrote:
               | Not complaining about it, just throwing some noise out
               | there and I completely agree, being exposed to different
               | viewpoints and learning to adjust your perspective is
               | what makes well rounded humyns ;)
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | I went to Stony Brook, so my experience isn't comparable to
             | yours, but I definitely did not encounter any professors
             | doing shit like that[0]. And to be clear, there were a few
             | politically-minded courses in our gen-ed requirements. We
             | had a News Literacy course that was actually really good,
             | that I wish I could force my Facebook-brained parents to
             | sit through.
             | 
             | If SBU had an indoctrination ray, they certainly had it on
             | the wrong setting[1]. I'd already been firmly radicalized
             | by Ron Paul revoLution warriors on Reddit into mainlining
             | LvMI blog posts about Austrian economics and anarcho-
             | capitalism by the end of my first year. It wasn't until I
             | was _leaving_ school when my political positions shifted
             | away from that.
             | 
             | [0] To be clear, SBU notoriously had _a_ heterodox
             | economics professor who was unabashedly a Marxist. I never
             | met him, I only heard about the professor from one of the
             | school newspapers.
             | 
             | [1] Which, given everything else managed by the state of
             | New York, would be totally on-brand for them.
        
           | lurk2 wrote:
           | > But that doesn't stop the salient myth of liberal
           | indoctrination in colleges.
           | 
           | It isn't a myth.
           | 
           | > mainly because they don't have those pesky general ed
           | requirements that might accidentally tell people how to fight
           | against the elites running the system.
           | 
           | There is value in a varied education, but a substantial
           | number of Gen Ed requirements are used as a soap box by
           | professors who would really rather be teaching something
           | else. Social sciences and the arts tend to be the worst for
           | it: Communications, English, Sociology, and Anthropology.
           | Students want to get rid of these Gen Ed requirements
           | primarily because the course content is treated as ancillary
           | to Foucault, Adorno, and other dead-end thinkers.
           | 
           | https://www.nas.org/academic-
           | questions/31/2/homogenous_the_p...
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | > those pesky general ed requirements that might accidentally
           | tell people how to fight against the elites running the
           | system
           | 
           | There is no group of people I have encountered in my life
           | that I have as much contempt for as the professors and
           | administrators at the $60K tuition (I went for free) private
           | university that pretended like they were fighting against the
           | elites that run the system when they are, if fact, those
           | elites. The level of delusion in the non hard science parts
           | of academia is absolutely mind blowing.
        
           | lr4444lr wrote:
           | Professors self-stated political leanings, which have changed
           | markedly over time, are important evidence here.
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | > I sort of have two theories. One is that you probably have to
         | be relatively smart to go into the trades. I remember listening
         | to a podcast recently on military recruitment and they said
         | because the military is so modern, they have to do most of
         | their recruiting in middle class neighborhoods with good
         | schools.
         | 
         | This has been the case for a long time. For almost the entirety
         | of the post-1973 end of US military conscription, a high school
         | diploma has been required to enlist. From a 2008 study
         | <http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2008/08/who-
         | serves-...>: "Members of the all-volunteer [American] military
         | are significantly more likely to come from high-income
         | neighborhoods than from low-income neighborhoods." Also,
         | "American soldiers are more educated than their peers. A little
         | more than 1 percent of enlisted personnel lack a high school
         | degree, compared to 21 percent of men 18-24 years old, and 95
         | percent of officer accessions have at least a bachelor's degree
         | ... Contrary to conventional wisdom, minorities are not
         | overrepresented in military service."
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | It's true that bad schools make poor neighborhoods unproductive
         | for military recruiters. They usually don't want recruits who
         | dropped out of high school or have low ASVAB scores. But a lot
         | of young people in those neighborhoods are also disqualified
         | because of poor health (particularly including obesity, asthma,
         | and various mental conditions), history of illegal drug use,
         | and criminal records. These social issues are all highly
         | correlated.
        
         | intermerda wrote:
         | The same politicians who push trades on America and bash
         | colleges won't send their kids to trade schools but send them
         | to Ivy League Universities instead. I wonder why that is.
        
       | mikestew wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/sWpS1
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | Non-paywalled version here: https://archive.is/mhFn0
        
       | teuobk wrote:
       | For what it's worth, /r/welding seems to think this claim is
       | complete bunk:
       | 
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/Welding/comments/1khd9aj/this_is_co...
        
         | techpineapple wrote:
         | I'm curious what the distinction is. I assume that the article
         | isn't just a complete fabrication, but maybe they highlight the
         | 20 best stories and everything else is meh.
         | 
         | Kinda like saying you should go to code school because you can
         | land a 175k/year entry level job at Google. Technically true.
        
           | eWeSaYYY wrote:
           | P-hacking is allowed and encouraged outside physical science
           | where getting stats of medicine and building a bridge wrong
           | have obvious side effect
           | 
           | News media will whittle down their data set to get a result
           | that only matters where cost of living is high, and there's a
           | tiny number of the workers overall.
           | 
           | Leads the innumerates in rural Somewhereville, Flyover, USA,
           | to be all confused they don't make SF salaries in the middle
           | of nowhere.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | That's my take.
           | 
           | Yea, welding offshore/underwater pays very well. Food-grade
           | welding a bit less. Both have fairly miserable working
           | conditions, are hard on your body, have some amount of
           | danger, typically require lots of OT to make the claimed
           | income, and unless you're union, with mediocre benefits.
           | 
           | Great job for those who enjoy that type of work and/or want
           | to hustle and save then move on. But any claim that it's easy
           | money or typicsl is just wrong.
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | If you read the threads in /r/construction that come up about
         | this or adjacent topics ("trades are a guaranteed job, better
         | than college") they usually say that the job is awful on your
         | body without much pay.
         | 
         | Personally, my friend is a carpenter and lives with his dad to
         | save money. This is in Seattle so tons of construction and work
         | to go around. He says he wishes he studied computer science in
         | college (has an english degree).
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | >> they usually say that the job is awful on your body
           | without much pay.
           | 
           | Worse yet, when your body does fail or is injured, that wage
           | tends to stop. Most tradespersons are working for very small
           | companies, often incorporated as their own one-person
           | company. If you cannot work, it all just stops.
           | 
           | One thing that makes the military different it that while the
           | military can be very hard on your body (infantry) your wage
           | does not stop if you are injured. A civilian carpenter with a
           | broken leg must live on savings for a month. A military
           | carpenter with a broken leg just won a month of desk duty
           | without any drop in pay.
        
             | bonestamp2 wrote:
             | Absolutely. Some of my family owns a construction company
             | and the career path for all employees in that company is
             | basically to work your body while you're young and then
             | move into management/estimating jobs before you do too much
             | damage to your body.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | The military equivalent is to work a few years as a grunt
               | until you qualify for some sort of free higher education.
               | Then you come back as an officer and get to boss around
               | all those sergeants who once yelled at you. Depending on
               | your exact path, its all generally pensionable time
               | worked for the same company.
        
             | ethagnawl wrote:
             | Despite how maligned they've become, there are still some
             | US trade unions who take care of their members in these
             | situations.
             | 
             | But, yeah, on the whole this business about the virtue of
             | trades and Boomer Facebook making baseless claims about how
             | much money there is to be made is ... problematic. I've
             | been there and these folks face all sorts of risks in the
             | near (e.g. falls, electrocution) and long (e.g.
             | Mesothelioma, (increased risk of) Parkinson's, etc.) terms.
             | Working conditions have improved and seemingly everyone
             | wears hiviz nowadays (possibly performatively / to virtue
             | signal) but corners are absolutely still cut and I've heard
             | many jokes and seen many eyes rolled on OSHA's account.
        
           | jpc0 wrote:
           | A counter argument to this.
           | 
           | My old man is a tradesman, qualified as an electrician,
           | worked and kept studying as he went and ended up as senior
           | management.
           | 
           | My little brother has severe dyslexia and ADHD, couldn't even
           | finish school so went into trades, did some time as a diesel
           | mechanic and qualified as a welder. Now builds race cars for
           | a living ( Dakar ) and is a senior mechanic on track for
           | management.
           | 
           | Ambition and luck plays a role but although yes both of their
           | bodies are a little more beat up than mine, they get actively
           | headhunted and even when they don't have a full time job they
           | can very easily fall back on the skills they have to fill
           | gaps, people always need tradesmen.
           | 
           | Neither of them are struggling in life, other than some bad
           | decisions.
           | 
           | Both of them are also on most countries critical skills list
           | and emigration has always been an option if the local market
           | drops off.
           | 
           | For those reading this, trades are not nearly as bad as is
           | being described here, there are plenty stories of SEs working
           | for horrible companies.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | They are extrapolating the $70k figure:
         | 
         | "When Rios graduates next year, he plans to work as a
         | fabricator at a local equipment maker for nuclear, recycling
         | and other sectors, a job that pays $24 an hour, plus regular
         | overtime and paid vacations."
         | 
         | This sounds like a union job, and the $70k figure sounds like
         | towards the upper end due to hierarchy, so realistically he'll
         | be earning maybe half of that for a couple years first.
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | We don't Reddit in my household so I can't respond directly,
         | but there's nothing strange about going to a welding class,
         | picking the best student and offering them a $24/hr job with a
         | lot of potential overtime. If you can make a clean weld they
         | don't care where you came from.
        
           | esseph wrote:
           | "We don't Reddit in my household"
           | 
           | Woah.
           | 
           | Can you explain this?
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | Pay differs a lot from place to place and sub-industry to
         | subindistry. It's not uncommon to see people comment on redding
         | claiming pay for something or another is _far_ lower than I
         | know of people earning in that field. To go by reddit you might
         | conclude programmers make $40k /yr, since thats what they make
         | in Japan or whatnot.
         | 
         | Not to say they they aren't correct here, but you shouldn't put
         | too much stock in it.
         | 
         | Welding itself is also a pretty broad scope-- are you taking on
         | broken trailer hitches or are you talking about underwater
         | welding of pressure vessels? Programming robots to do automated
         | welding? etc.
        
       | StefanBatory wrote:
       | How common it is to have shop classes in schools in USA?
       | 
       | For me in Poland, my high-school education was at liceum, i.e
       | focus on academic subjects.
       | 
       | There are vocational schools, but they're known to be awful
       | quality and you don't go there if you want to earn trade, but if
       | you're an awful student. And if you aren't awful student, then
       | you'll most likely end up as one - as your peers will most likely
       | be :(
       | 
       | There are also "technikum" which is a mix of these two, but it's
       | not for trade per se, and statistically chances you'll pass your
       | end of school exams are smaller.
        
         | jspaetzel wrote:
         | I went to maybe slightly above average high school for my area
         | and didn't have one. But there were programs where the school
         | partnered with community colleges and students maintaining
         | decent grades could attend classes elsewhere. And those had
         | shop as well as other vocational programs.
         | 
         | They probably sent us home with a pamphlet with information at
         | the beginning of the year, but I don't remember.
        
         | ZFleck wrote:
         | The answer is probably, unhelpfully, "it depends". I attended a
         | fairly large high school, and we probably had a dozen shop
         | class offerings. A much smaller school just a few miles away
         | had no infrastructure to support any shop classes.
         | 
         | It's probably even more nuanced than that, though. My parents
         | both attended very small schools in small towns, and both
         | offered shop classes. All four schools mentioned were / are
         | located in the Midwest, though, and none in large cities.
         | 
         | If I had to guess, I'd say probably the majority of schools in
         | the US _offer_ some form of shop class(es). But I don 't
         | believe any would necessarily be part of the standard
         | curriculum. Generally, these classes are elective.
        
           | StefanBatory wrote:
           | I'll say something unrelated to my question before, but damn
           | if I don't envy you for electives.
           | 
           | I had zero elective classes up through my entire pre-uni
           | education. At my uni, I had one or two elective classes - at
           | fifth and sixth semester, and that's all.
           | 
           | It is an aspect of American education I do like a lot.
           | 
           | (here we choose our profile, which assigns us to extended
           | classes - i.e, Maths/English/Physics,
           | Maths/Biology/Chemistry, Polish/Geography/History and so on,
           | but then we don't get to choose anything after.)
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | Larger high schools have them, in the Midwest US at least.
         | College prep is pushed pretty heavily though, other tracks are
         | looked down upon.
         | 
         | A tradesman I knew said find a career that doesn't destroy your
         | body. Some tradesmen I've met say it's best to become an
         | inspector or move into management.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | I went to law school with a guy who grew up in a state with
         | "normal" highschools and "technical" schools for those not
         | earmarked for higher education. Being a big football-type guy,
         | he was directed to the latter. His mother fought to get him
         | back into the "normal". Had she not done so, we would never
         | have been classmates at law school. The technical school lacked
         | the higher-level math and language courses that are important
         | when applying to university.
        
           | StefanBatory wrote:
           | Exactly the same here - after technikum you can go to uni...
           | But statistically, your results for high school exam are
           | going to be way lower. Or you simply won't pass.
        
         | bradly wrote:
         | Our area in San Diego, CA has different public high schools
         | have a different offering that maybe all high schools would
         | have had in the past. They are not vocational schools, but
         | schools that offer specialized programs for you to use during
         | your electives (2 of your 6-7 classes you take you get to
         | choose yourself).
         | 
         | For example we have a high school with a culinary program,
         | another with an auto program, another with a guitar building
         | program, another with a music/theater arts program. These are
         | all academic, public schools in the same district. You are
         | assigned the school near* to your home, but you can petition
         | for a different school.
         | 
         | *there is gerrymandering here too
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | > For me in Poland, my high-school education was at liceum, i.e
         | focus on academic subjects. There are vocational schools
         | 
         | The US doesn't really differentiate between Lyceums/Gymnasiums,
         | Vocational High Schools, and Technikum.
         | 
         | All tracks tend to be offered at the same school, but with
         | students given the option to opt into vocational tracks.
         | 
         | Furthermore, a lot of skilled trades/"blue collar" (I hate that
         | term) jobs have become increasingly specialized, so you anyhow
         | have to attend a Community College or even a normal College to
         | get the skills needed to land a job.
        
         | pacbard wrote:
         | Even if Career Technical Education (CTE) classes are offered,
         | there is a large variation in their quality. For me, the
         | question would be whether a graduate from a CTE program is more
         | likely to be hired and receives higher wages (initially) than a
         | non-CTE program completer. My 2-minute Google Scholar search
         | hasn't found anything on the topic.
         | 
         | At the end of the day, a 3-course sequence in a CTE pathway
         | (which is the CA requirements for a high school CTE certificate
         | in California) doesn't prepare you for a career in the same way
         | as being in journalism class prepares you to be a journalist or
         | being in theater prepares you to be an actor. Students will
         | most likely need to pursue some form of post-secondary training
         | (either through a community college or on-the-job) to become
         | somewhat competent in their field.
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | Very common, although many of the students don't take them
         | (none of the girls as I recall). I took 'wood shop' in 8th
         | grade, and there were shop classes (as well as 'auto shop') at
         | my high school.
        
       | lif wrote:
       | hmm... the U.S. economy might stand to benefit from adapting a
       | school system more akin to the German model?
       | 
       | Specifically, offering a track similar to:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_school
        
         | autobodie wrote:
         | Doesn't matter because U.S. ruling class doesn't agree.
        
           | tekla wrote:
           | There is literally nothing stopping you from going to trade
           | school and skipping college.
           | 
           | College is still a gate for higher paid trades because
           | advanced manufacturing wants educated workers that can do
           | math and/or programming g-code and/or know advanced
           | metallurgy
           | 
           | I know someone who went to welding school, and he was
           | basically practice welding 40 hours a week after class
           | because he was working on some very advanced welds that
           | actually required some decent chunk of engineering knowledge
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | I mean, most trades do expect some sort of a college
             | education now as well (minimum AA), and vocational programs
             | are increasingly require attending a community college.
             | 
             | Edit: can't reply below, but all of those vocations listed
             | are offered at community colleges now and linked with an
             | AS/AAS degree, as apprenticeships are often coordinated
             | with CCs.
        
               | more_corn wrote:
               | Not plumbing, electrical, welding, construction, auto
               | mechanic, hvac tech.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | Just for future reference: when a comment thread is
               | sufficiently nested the "reply" link is missing, but you
               | can click/tap on the timestamp link. That's a hardlink to
               | the comment, whence you can reply.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | It's already been offered. The issue is automation remains cost
         | effective because salaries remain relatively high.
         | 
         | $24 an hour for a fabricator out of high school is easily
         | 20-30% higher the salary for a similar role in Germany.
         | 
         | US manufacturing remains competitive industries where a $20-40
         | an hour salary can be reasonably offered WITHOUT union
         | guarantees. Otherwise the options were offshoring or
         | automation. And for the kind of manufacturing roles that can
         | afford to pay a relatively high salary, a college education is
         | expected.
         | 
         | Skilled Trades increasingly require a college education,
         | because understanding classical mechanics with calculus, being
         | able to script in domain-specific CAD tooling, or understanding
         | how to synthesize a compound does require at least an AP level
         | education.
        
         | nineplay wrote:
         | I have heard complaints that the German system is pretty class-
         | based and forces kids to make big career decisions at a younger
         | age then necessary. The result is that upper class kids stay
         | upper class, working class kids stay working class.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >German system is pretty class-based and forces kids to make
           | big career decisions at a younger age then necessary
           | 
           | At some level I think that's true in a lot of places. I'm not
           | sure, in the US, if you really know what kind of engineering
           | (or whatever) you want to go into. High school pretty much
           | didn't give you a good sense of that in a lot of cases.
           | Perhaps, on this board, there is a disproportionate number of
           | people who always knew they wanted to program. But sure
           | wasn't the case for me growing up. And would probably have
           | done something different than mechanical engineering but--
           | whatever--didn't really matter.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | People have to choose a path at some point. We can't delay
             | education for everyone until 25 or 30 to allow more time to
             | figure it out.
             | 
             | Many people I know changed paths mid-college career. Many
             | also changed careers post college. The US is relatively
             | forgiving in that regard (as are many countries).
             | 
             | It's the systems that shunt people into specific paths in
             | high school that are challenging.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I don't disagree. In the US, a least, there's a lot of
               | capability to make changes over time. Obviously, the more
               | specialized and longer the training, the harder/costlier
               | it gets. But so many people I went to school with never
               | really just went to work in a stereotypical job related
               | to their major (including myself). Which is just fine.
        
           | cheschire wrote:
           | There's ways to work your way up with dedication. Quite a lot
           | of folks go for their abitur[0] and then on to university.
           | Classism in Germany is perpetuated by cultural conservatism
           | far more than whether you went to gymnasium or not.
           | 
           | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitur
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | The "gifted" track in the US has the same effect. Get into
           | the right track in mid-elementary school and you're pretty
           | well set from a college admissions perspective. In Fairfax,
           | that's a GT Center then Thomas Jefferson High, then your pick
           | of top unis.
        
           | c7b wrote:
           | > forces kids to make big career decisions at a younger age
           | then necessary
           | 
           | That criticism might be directed at the separation at age 10,
           | where some kids get to go to _Gymnasium_ (basically, the
           | highest level) and then there are several other (lesser?)
           | school types. That 's often criticized for the reasons you
           | mentioned. Trade schools and dual education start around age
           | 15 and they're generally considered a success story afaik.
        
       | DudeOpotomus wrote:
       | In America 2025, there is no better path to a high income and
       | quality of life than learning a trade, then learning how to
       | manage other tradespeople and then owning a company for such a
       | trade.
       | 
       | In the trades, if you are slightly smarter than average, have a
       | good work ethic and an inkling of entrepreneurial drive, you will
       | be very successful.
        
         | lurk2 wrote:
         | Do you work in the trades?
        
           | DudeOpotomus wrote:
           | Yes, when I was young. Pre internet days.
           | 
           | In the last 25 years, I've built 3 houses and remodeled half
           | a dozen others. Worked very closely with these guys across
           | the entire spectrum. From the unskilled, trying to cheat
           | their way, to the 75 year old 50yr Journeyman who will never
           | retire because he loves it.
           | 
           | The trades were decimated by immigration and the race for
           | cheaper labor, higher margins. What were once solid middle
           | class jobs, were undercut by unskilled labor masquerading as
           | skilled. Over time, the market raised the rate of the
           | unskilled and lowered the rate of the skilled. Prices rose to
           | meet the market but quality declined. Unskilled were charging
           | the same rates as skilled.
           | 
           | Today there are very few Journeyman tradesmen left. They were
           | forced out. Which is why the market is crying for these
           | skills and awarding them with high wages.
           | 
           | Looking forward, the entire nation is lined up to build.
           | Those who mange this growth and bring the skills, will become
           | wealthy.
        
           | fires10 wrote:
           | I have worked in the trades as an electrician and then became
           | an estimator/Project Manager. Most are small businesses that
           | are barely hanging on. It is often not a path to wealth. Many
           | of the smaller businesses are being bought up by private
           | equity now to drive up prices. The tradesmen are not getting
           | wealthy and typically will not become wealthy. Licensing a
           | business is different than the license a tradesman gets.
           | Rules vary by state and are often require the approval of
           | your would be competitors, regardless of demonstrated skill
           | and time in the trade.
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | Programming used to be another skilled trade, before big tech
         | and big money took over everything and corrupted it all.
         | 
         | If there's good money in the trades, what's to stop them from
         | similarly consolidating into national mega corps like every
         | other field? Especially once we start encouraging former tech
         | bros and VCs in, bringing with them their former mindsets?
        
           | wnc3141 wrote:
           | atleast for general contractors - Its a fundamentally
           | different business model. Little growth, tiny margins, low
           | fixed costs and tremendous requirement for trust and quality
           | assurance.
        
           | jagged-chisel wrote:
           | I'm a software engineer. I'm over 50 and experienced a
           | difficult time getting a new position after my last one
           | evaporated.
           | 
           | I am now working as a "programmer" for CNC systems. (That
           | means I draw shapes in CAD, lay them out on steel plates, and
           | post those to the machines doing the work.) We have torch,
           | plasma, and laser cutters, metal forming (really just
           | bending), and a programmable drill.
           | 
           | The tasks involved in completing the processing after my work
           | are: fetch the metal plate (warehouse crane, forklift), place
           | the plate (must be aligned and at the correct origin),
           | collect the cut parts onto pallets (organized by customer),
           | operate forming machines, and/or feed beams into the drill.
           | 
           | Those tasks don't exactly require skill. Because I'm a
           | software guy, I'm always looking for opportunities for
           | automation. We're about as close to fully automated as you
           | can get without advanced robots (requiring dexterity,
           | observation, etc.)
           | 
           | I guess my point is that there's little room for former tech
           | bro/VC "innovation" in my particular industry. I can see how
           | it's similar in many trades. They don't necessarily require
           | "skills" because anyone can learn quickly how to do them.
           | Anyone but today's robots.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Unions. IBEW for electrical workers, for example.
        
         | devwastaken wrote:
         | trades are becoming the next walmart job in both pay and
         | quality. you cant have a surplus and expect the system to be
         | sustainable.
        
           | wnc3141 wrote:
           | You've noticed that the labor market is inherently a
           | political problem. The only thing that sustains quality of
           | pay and conditions is regulation and organization.
        
         | nineplay wrote:
         | I can't speak for all trades, but in my experience 'owning a
         | company' and 'high quality of life' rarely go hand in hand.
         | Owning a company is hard. It's a 24/7 job where you are
         | managing customers, employees, accounting, etc., and you can
         | hire people to help but ultimately it's on you if someone
         | screws up and orders the wrong cabinets.
         | 
         | I'm happier working for Big Corp in an air-conditioned office.
        
         | spacemadness wrote:
         | I would like someone to mythbust this belief as it seems like
         | it runs off nothing but anecdotes. White collar folks seem to
         | pull this one out as a grass is greener take on a different
         | life path when their industry is starting to unwind.
        
       | taurath wrote:
       | A friend is dropping out of IT to pursue welding - but knows the
       | money just isn't there. She's starting a 5:30am 10 hour shift at
       | a manufacturer to be able to move onto welding and CNC. She's
       | autistic so can struggle sometimes but is also one of the
       | smartest people I know and does physics puzzles for fun and
       | builds shit all the time.
       | 
       | Skilled trade jobs value paying your dues. Its more about that
       | than aptitude it seems to me.
       | 
       | Sorry high schoolers, $70k a year is not happening - this kid is
       | privileged as fuck.
        
         | dmckeon wrote:
         | > paying your dues. Its more about that than aptitude it seems
         | to me.
         | 
         | Yes, paying dues, both in the sense of putting in the time to
         | learn the trade well, and very likely for a good paying career
         | in the trade, paying union dues. People have been doing this
         | since the rise of professional guilds in the middle ages.
         | 
         | Today's kids can show aptitude, capability, and interest by
         | doing well in shop class. An employer can take that interested
         | teen or tween on at an entry level, add to their skill level,
         | and make a profit on their labor. The worker can protect their
         | labor value through a union, and probably should if only for
         | the side benefits apart from negotiating contract labor rates.
         | 
         | Should they just go to college instead? Sure, if they have that
         | interest, and can get out without a student loan debt bigger
         | than some mortgages.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Unions are not magic. I have a friend who did belong to the
           | local sheetmetal workers union and she was... not positive.
           | Moved into a non-union shop and was a lot happier.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | Similar experience here. Family member went into a union
             | job and discovered that it was great for the old guys at
             | the top who had been there for 3 decades, but it was rather
             | repressive for the new people starting at the bottom. Much
             | easier to pivot into a different job where union seniority
             | wasn't the defining factor of your entire career.
        
           | ambicapter wrote:
           | Also, seniority, which you seem to skip over.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | "Paying dues" is a waste of everyone's time and the
         | productivity of the market. It means one node of the market was
         | underutilized, purely for ego.
         | 
         | One thing I like about being closer to market oriented trades
         | (or directly trading) is that your compensating is immediately
         | based in the utility you provide. Like in financial services if
         | you provide a service is based on the volume and your toll on
         | that volume.
         | 
         | But yes if you dint have opportunities, like the knowledge,
         | capital and flexibility to leverage it, then there's entry
         | level grunt work remaining.
        
           | esseph wrote:
           | It takes time and experience to learn a skill, call it
           | whatever the hell you want.
        
             | kevinventullo wrote:
             | "Paying one's dues" has a very different connotation to me
             | than "Learning a skill." The former suggests a tenure-based
             | system of seniority and pay scales, rather than a
             | meritocratic system based on skill level and actual output.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | To me it just says you'll make less for a period while
               | learning the ropes. I suppose there are situations where
               | you need to be spending the time to empty the trashcans
               | but I don't take it that way.
        
         | rsync wrote:
         | "Sorry high schoolers, $70k a year is not happening - this kid
         | is privileged as fuck."
         | 
         | My oldest son is 17 years old and graduated one semester early
         | from high school.
         | 
         | He now works full-time as a welder and heavy equipment mechanic
         | with a base rate of $25/hour and will get many, many hours of
         | overtime this summer.
         | 
         | He will _easily_ gross  > 70k this year.
         | 
         | Granted, this is in the Bay Area (so add some inflation there)
         | and he has certain physical and interpersonal attributes[1]
         | that make him special ... but this is, indeed, happening and my
         | impression is that it would be repeatable for others like him.
         | 
         | FWIW, he's very proud of himself and we're very proud of him
         | but ... we're also trying to impress upon him that wages -
         | however high - are not a path to wealth and security. _Owning
         | things_ is[2].
         | 
         | [1] He's a big strong guy, projects as aged 20+ and is very
         | outgoing and charismatic.
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_in_the_Twenty-
         | First_Ce...
        
           | thejazzman wrote:
           | I mean no disrespect but I'm pretty sure when someone throws
           | out a salary figure they are assuming 40 hours per week
           | 
           | You're describing someone hustling very hard. Which is great.
           | But a little different?
        
             | itronitron wrote:
             | True, but let's consider the next age group up from 17, ...
             | graduate students earn less than that, don't get paid
             | overtime, and will have to search for a new job in a few
             | years.
        
               | mmcwilliams wrote:
               | That may be true but we're talking about an anecdote. The
               | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics tracks that people with a
               | high school education, on average, earn about half of
               | what people with masters degrees earn [0]. It's easy to
               | lose the big picture when focusing on an outlier.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.bls.gov/emp/chart-unemployment-earnings-
               | educatio...
        
               | Ifkaluva wrote:
               | What is a "professional degree", between master's and
               | PhD?
        
               | mmcwilliams wrote:
               | That typically refers to a degree like a JD or MD.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | Is an undergraduate in engineering a professional degree
               | or an undergrad degree?
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | This varies a lot.
               | 
               | Some engineering programs make sure students are learning
               | specialized practical skills, others make sure they get a
               | solid grounding in basics so they have an easier time in
               | picking whatever engineering discipline strikes their
               | fancy.
               | 
               | There are pros and cons for both.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | In the chart linked by mmcwilliams, an undergraduate
               | degree in engineering would normally be a "Bachelor's
               | Degree" - assuming the certificate awarded at the end
               | says "bachelor of science" or something similar.
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | > graduate students
               | 
               | Interesting comparison. You're right. The primary
               | difference I can think of is the training to quickly
               | become an expert in a different topic.
               | 
               | I know plenty of PhD students accepting jobs in unrelated
               | fields and quickly becoming the local expert in that
               | topic.
               | 
               | While possible, it's far more difficult for a machinist
               | to suddenly become an expert car mechanic like this.
        
               | cduzz wrote:
               | Were you ever a kid?
               | 
               | Kids (kid being someone from 16 to 30 without children of
               | their own, ideally also without substance abuse problem
               | and a home they can sleep in without fear of being
               | assaulted) have nearly infinite energy, capacity to
               | absorb (physical) abuse, and often the focus to learn
               | esoteric subjects, _if_ they 're interested in the
               | subject.
               | 
               | So I would fully expect a large fraction of bored kids to
               | potentially become expert car mechanics, or tree pruners,
               | algebraic geometers, hadoop experts, air conditioning
               | duct builders, etc, if given access, mentorship,
               | opportunity, recognition, and compensation.
        
               | knob wrote:
               | Honestly, this is a great way of putting it.
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | I don't disagree. After all, that's exactly how I became
               | an expert in whatever I do right now.
               | 
               | You seem to have missed my point though, it was about
               | switching tracks to become an expert in a new thing. A
               | random physics PhD grad might not have a burning passion
               | for fintech, for example but still becomes an expert
               | after three months in the job because of the sheer amount
               | of rigorous training.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | And let's consider the next age group up from that with
               | some graduate students easily clearing 150-200k in total
               | comp. Short term pain for long term prosperity - studies
               | related to me was that on average university graduates
               | end up making $1M more than non graduates in lifetime
               | earnings (of course misleading data since university
               | admission is already selecting for something that
               | correlates with ambition AND the professional world
               | tended to prefer university students with opportunities)
               | 
               | Of course people pursuing higher education are often
               | doing it for personal growth reasons as well.
        
           | tejohnso wrote:
           | > wages - however high - are not a path to wealth and
           | security.
           | 
           | High wages provide the discretionary income required to
           | invest though. So I'd say, they're not the goal, but if the
           | word path is to be used, I'd say they are part of the path.
           | As far as owning things...investments specifically (not two
           | motorcycles and a hummer), the usual advice is a well
           | balanced portfolio. Could be equities, maybe some real
           | estate, maybe even some crypto, all at different ratios
           | depending on your risk profile.
           | 
           | My concern is that we are in a unique time period where all
           | of that is coming to an end and there will be no wealth
           | appreciation even for disciplined investors.
        
             | jopsen wrote:
             | > My concern is that we are in a unique time period where
             | all of that is coming to an end and there will be no wealth
             | appreciation even for disciplined investors.
             | 
             | Everyone always fears the future when their portfolio is
             | down.
             | 
             | The best hedge is to also "invest" in something that has
             | value to you. Like bricks / house.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Some conservative investments at the moment? Especially
               | with some known outflows coming up? Sure. But that
               | doesn't imply giving up on investing.
        
               | Enginerrrd wrote:
               | No, of course not but I think you should respond by
               | increasing your savings rate beyond historically safe
               | targets and diversifying even more aggressively.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | 100% agree. Part of it is age, and part of it is current
               | situation and needs, but I've definitely dialed back on
               | aggressive investments into safe harbors.
        
               | Enginerrrd wrote:
               | I'm not the person you're replying to. But actually I've
               | been getting quite concerned about this for some time.
               | Mostly due to the shrinking world demographics on the
               | horizon. Overall growth is slowing and in most developed
               | economies it will be shrinking. Also, increasing wealth
               | inequality tends to lead to lower overall GDP so if that
               | trend continues I expect lower aggregate growth as well.
               | 
               | I think there is indeed a strong possibility that we may
               | see very poor inflation-adjusted growth from an otherwise
               | reasonable and diverse investment portfolio.
               | 
               | Ultimately, the recipe for growth will just not be so
               | simple in a world economy with a dwindling population.
               | Thats a VERY unique situation so a lot of historical
               | wisdom regarding investments I think may not bear fruit
               | like it did in the past.
               | 
               | My approach to mitigate this is two-fold, first I'm
               | trying to be even MORE diversified. I have investments
               | spread out over domestic and international ETF's, real
               | estate, and I work a public sector job with a public
               | pension. In addition, while aggregate growth may become
               | lackluster, certain industries will still do well. Ive
               | run businesses before and I'm looking to start another
               | business in a very well-targeted industry to add an
               | additional potential revenue stream well into the future.
               | And the second prong of my approach is to increase my
               | savings rate much higher than historically safe targets.
               | 
               | I think there is good reason to be concerned about this
               | and it has very little to do with the current market
               | turmoil. (Although there are some indicators of trouble
               | in that too)
        
           | coolcase wrote:
           | 70k doing OT in Bay Area. So what is that in real money, 35k?
        
             | sndean wrote:
             | Yeah, ignoring the OT, 70k in the Bay Area is ~40k in
             | Omaha, Ann Arbor, Orlando, etc [1]. Without the OT it's
             | more like 30k. And if your brain, like mine, hasn't
             | adjusted to inflation yet, that's ~23k in 2019 dollars [2].
             | 
             | [1] Bankrate
             | 
             | [2] BLS
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | If you don't pay rent, it's pretty much $70k without rent
             | anywhere else in the US but with better economic
             | opportunities and better amenities.
             | 
             | Omaha is cheaper but you can't go mountain hiking or
             | surfing or skiing on your day off.
        
           | spacemadness wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure OP wasn't talking about the Bay Area which
           | isn't a sane place economically speaking where 70K isn't all
           | that great of a salary, especially with a ton of overtime.
        
           | navane wrote:
           | 70k / 25$/hr / 40hr/week = 70 weeks of fulltime labor
        
             | twarge wrote:
             | You missed overtime pay
        
               | gonzo wrote:
               | They missed mathematics
               | 
               | 2,000 hours / year (straight time, 10 paid days PTO),
               | $35/hour is $70k base.
        
               | ForOldHack wrote:
               | You are exactly right. This is how I have calculated it
               | since I took MicroEconomics as a Freshman.
               | 
               | P.S. Union Journeyman Welder, Bay Area median salary is
               | $26 ~ $36.82 = $52,000 to $72,400.
               | 
               | "The median household income in the Bay Area was $128,151
               | in 2022, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This
               | represents a slight decrease from $132,586 in 2019. "
               | So.. 56% of median household income? If him, and his gf
               | worked, then they would collectively make 112% of median
               | household income.
        
           | vlovich123 wrote:
           | By comparison I was making $75k in the Bay Area as an entry
           | level software engineer with no overtime and only because I
           | was afraid of negotiating higher (I think 85-90 was on the
           | table).
           | 
           | This isn't to take anything away from your son's achievements
           | and congrats to him and you all should of course be proud of
           | his accomplishments. I think though it's useful to compare
           | and contrast blue collar and white collar wages in terms of
           | effort per dollar earned as well when discussing options to
           | kids. There's nothing wrong with working harder for that
           | amount, especially when you love the work because then you
           | get even more pride out of it, but some kids may want to work
           | harder in the "short" term via a professional education for
           | the long term easier path or have better job stability even
           | in the face of physical ailments.
        
             | teaearlgraycold wrote:
             | When was this? Even 6 years ago startups in the bay paid
             | $130-140k to juniors.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | But do they pay that to 17 year olds without a college
               | degree?
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | Some people like physical work and don't place high value
             | on office jobs [1][2]
             | 
             | [1] I did not say some people don't enjoy physical work but
             | do physical work anyway.
             | 
             | [2] I did not say there is anything wrong with a preference
             | for office jobs.
        
           | fumeux_fume wrote:
           | Haha, can't actually tell if this is satire. If it is, then
           | bravo, sir! If it's not, then it's sad this poor father
           | doesn't know his son has dropped out of high school to become
           | welder who needs a ton of OT to scrape by in the Bay Area.
        
             | milkshakes wrote:
             | we'll see who's laughing in five years
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | The difference between compensation in different countries is
         | fascinating. In OZ/NZ tradespeople are the highest earners. For
         | Australia I suspect this is explained at least partially by
         | mining (I know people who earned $600+ per hour 10-15 years
         | ago, and that included free flights in and out, free
         | accommodation etc), and NZ needed to follow because of the ease
         | of moving to Oz. Mining doesn't really explain why plumbers and
         | carpenters earn like crazy as well though.
         | 
         | The quality of work though is extremely poor if I compare what
         | one would expect in e.g. Germany. I guess that's the advantage
         | of the German apprenticeship system where tradespeople get
         | proper training and not take a couple month course at a tafe
         | and then start their own business.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > (I know people who earned $600+ per hour 10-15 years ago,
           | and that included free flights in and out, free accommodation
           | etc)
           | 
           | I remember countless stories like this circulating when I was
           | in high school. Someone who wasn't going to college was
           | instead going off to do some obscure thing like work on oil
           | rigs or do welding in hazardous locations.
           | 
           | The hook was always that they heard a friend of a friend brag
           | about some extreme hourly rate they made one time a few years
           | ago and assumed that's just what the job always paid.
           | 
           | Then they went out and did it, learned that the job was
           | terrible, and discovered that the average pay was a lot less
           | than the all-time highest number that people would quote.
        
             | victorbjorklund wrote:
             | To be fair that bait and switch happens in software too.
             | Not all devs make 500 000 usd.
        
           | bigfatkitten wrote:
           | > I guess that's the advantage of the German apprenticeship
           | system where tradespeople get proper training and not take a
           | couple month course at a tafe and then start their own
           | business.
           | 
           | Plumbers and electricians in Australia both do four year
           | apprenticeships, with some time at TAFE and the rest training
           | on the job.
           | 
           | The quality problems you see are generally less about
           | training, and more the result of financially-motivated corner
           | cutting.
        
         | heraldgeezer wrote:
         | >A friend is dropping out of IT to pursue welding
         | 
         | Why? Sounds like IT is a better fit for her?
        
           | gonzo wrote:
           | Do you weld?
           | 
           | Good welding requires intense focus/nondistractions, which
           | some people on the spectrum really enjoy.
        
         | gonzo wrote:
         | I own Netgate (hat tip to the haters who will comment), the
         | company that does pfsense and tsnr.
         | 
         | I also own Bump It Offroad in Windsor, CO. We do some CNC
         | (plasma table) as well. I pay welders about $70k/year plus
         | benefits, to start. They're both college drop-outs, but smart
         | and willing to learn.
         | 
         | Though I grew up in the trades, it's not about "dues" for me,
         | but more work ethic and willingness to learn.
        
       | nateburke wrote:
       | The opportunity for trades-based small business creation in
       | America would feel a lot more tangible... absent the carried
       | interest tax loophole.
       | 
       | Part of the small business trades success narrative is built upon
       | trust, trust that in youth, doing good work will create a
       | reputation within your community that will be remembered, and
       | form the foundation for a brand (your name) that can attract the
       | next generation of youth to be developed, trained, etc.
       | 
       | If successful small businesses only exist to get acquired, so
       | that both workers and customers suffer, that foundation of trust
       | will struggle to persist.
        
         | tmpz22 wrote:
         | Is it not also reliant on an affluent customer base that can
         | pay high prices for services? In poorer communities are trade
         | jobs lucrative? Obviously in places like the Bay Area they are
         | VERY lucrative, but is that a sustainable narrative to re-tool
         | the economy around?
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | Certain skills are always in a stable demand, and a
           | relatively short supply. Plumbing, electricity, roofs. Some
           | of this requires a license, all of this requires training and
           | experience which only time and practice can give.
           | Opportunities for that are also somehow limited.
           | 
           | So, if you live in a poorer community and serve a poorer
           | community, you likely make more than most in the poorer
           | community, and likely gain respect if you do a good job.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | are you suggesting that eliminating carried interest would
         | deter private equity from bothering with small businesses, and
         | make the remaining small businesses feel like a more reliable
         | thing for workers and employers to engage in? because they
         | won't get shuttered unceremoniously?
         | 
         | if I'm understanding that correctly, I have to giggle, because
         | there are plenty of ways for institutional money to have lower
         | taxes than ordinary income tax rates. waaaay lower than the
         | carried interest "loophole".
         | 
         | also, to me, loopholes are unintended things that no one person
         | in government or branch of government noticed. like a couple of
         | private letter rulings from the IRS combined with an accounting
         | tweak in a budget appropriations bill. carried interest isn't
         | one of those to me when it was directly passed by congress
         | explicitly and deliberately affirmed multiple times in
         | subsequent legislation.
         | 
         | but I could be misunderstanding your post entirely.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > If successful small businesses only exist to get acquired
         | 
         | The average small business does not exist to get acquired. Only
         | a very small number of small businesses are even interesting to
         | private equity.
        
       | tonyhart7 wrote:
       | good for them
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | I love this. This is what we need more of. My only concern is who
       | will challenge their thinking? Who will teach them critical
       | thinking skills? Who will give them a broader more holistic
       | understanding of the world if not at a university?
       | 
       | I fear we will get ( because we need them ) many thousands more
       | skilled workers in the trades to build more again but they'll
       | also be too easily bamboozled by charlatans like Trump and vote
       | in policies that will screw us all
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | Those who want education on subjects they are not employed in
         | or "a broader more holistic understanding of the world"
         | (whatever that means) will get it themselves. Those who don't
         | want it won't get it even if you send them to college. College
         | is just 4 more years of school after you've already done 13 in
         | K-12. It has no special properties.
        
           | intermerda wrote:
           | High School is just 4 more years of school after you've
           | already done 8 in K-8. It has no special properties.
           | 
           | Those who want education on subjects taught in high school
           | (whatever their value is) will get it themselves. Those who
           | don't want it won't get it even if you send them to high
           | school.
           | 
           | Between American states rolling back child labor laws, and
           | the current federal administration's promising vision of
           | factory and coal jobs for children and their future
           | generations, there will be enough jobs that don't require
           | useless high school diplomas.
           | 
           | Eliminating income tax and increasing tariffs to gorillion
           | percent is just part of the equation. Rolling back of high
           | school education is critical to truly achieve the dream of
           | the "good old days."
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | > High School is just 4 more years of school after you've
             | already done 8 in K-8. It has no special properties.
             | 
             | This is probably also true. High school standards have been
             | lowered so much that everybody with a pulse can graduate so
             | the degree is meaningless in terms of educational
             | achievement. Basically just a filter now that says "I am at
             | least one tiny step above a total retard or a complete 100%
             | screw up."
             | 
             | I worked jobs part time as young as 14. Child labor laws
             | are mainly about keeping kids in school rather than
             | protecting them from anything bad because with our society
             | defined around credentials, failing to obtain them is bad
             | for that child's future. But that's just a rule we made up.
             | There's absolutely no reason that a 14 year old who has
             | finished 8th grade and knows how to read and do basic math
             | couldn't go off and apprentice to a trade and be
             | successful. In 1910 only 10% of Americans had finished high
             | school and we still had a perfectly well functioning
             | society. And at that time only 2 % had college degrees and
             | still we were in an era of rapid scientific progress and
             | economic growth.
        
         | sepositus wrote:
         | > Who will give them a broader more holistic understanding of
         | the world if not at a university?
         | 
         | I'm going to guess the kids that are inherently interested in
         | this will research it themselves. The ones who are not, won't.
         | I'm one of the former.
        
         | TheBlight wrote:
         | I don't think there's unanimous consensus that universities
         | teach "critical thinking skills."
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Isn't this backwards? People who want the broader education
         | will naturally gravitate towards college. It's not that college
         | actually teaches these things, it's just a magnet for people
         | who care about them.
         | 
         | Most people will still be going through education with specific
         | career goals in mind, however lamentable that is. And then they
         | will claim they also learned critical thinking.
        
       | DragonStrength wrote:
       | You need 200k/yr to be comfortable in Alabama. These headlines
       | are for older generations who think that is too much money for a
       | young person. Meanwhile, they'd never be able to afford the homes
       | they now live in.
        
       | hbarka wrote:
       | There was a time when high-school shop and home ec was normal.
        
       | kcb wrote:
       | There's not much I dislike more than well off white collar
       | workers telling kids to skip school and go into the trades. Don't
       | buy it. If at all possible get a degree, sit at a desk, and earn
       | a living wage. This is your first priority.
        
       | Rantenki wrote:
       | That 68k/yr wage only sounds good if you're still thinking in
       | circa year 2000 dollars. Nobody is making the mortgage on a house
       | on 68k/year, and they're not starting a happy family if they have
       | to do 20+hrs/week overtime in order to turn 25/hr into 68k/year.
       | I remember earning nearly exactly that wage back in the early
       | 2000s, and barely making ends meet in a cheap rental, so it's
       | certainly not a great wage today.
        
         | GenerWork wrote:
         | The national average salary is $63,795 [0], so they're making
         | about $4k more. Just because they're not earning 6 figures
         | working in their first tech job doesn't mean that it's bad.
         | 
         | >I remember earning nearly exactly that wage back in the early
         | 2000s, and barely making ends meet in a cheap rental
         | 
         | I made $10/hr my first job after college while living in a
         | studio by myself in 2011 (and that was with student loan
         | payments!), and I was barely able to get by, so how were you
         | barely able to get by then on almost $70k a year?
         | 
         | [0] https://www.sofi.com/learn/content/average-salary-in-us/
        
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