[HN Gopher] US vs. Google amicus curiae brief of Y Combinator in...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       US vs. Google amicus curiae brief of Y Combinator in support of
       plaintiffs [pdf]
        
       Author : dave1629
       Score  : 298 points
       Date   : 2025-05-10 14:15 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (storage.courtlistener.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (storage.courtlistener.com)
        
       | the_duke wrote:
       | Key quotes:
       | 
       | > "Our experience has been that entrenched monopoly power often
       | deters new entry and chills investment in disruptive innovation."
       | 
       | > "independent venture-capital firms like YC often hesitate to
       | fund startups in the "kill zone" --the area of deadened
       | innovation around a monopolist like Google."
       | 
       | > "We agree with Plaintiffs' proposal that the remedy package
       | should create pathways for startups and innovators to access
       | Google's monopoly-derived datasets and search index."
       | 
       | > "The remedy order should also prevent Google from entering into
       | exclusive agreements to access AI training data..."
       | 
       | > "An effective remedy package should help to leverage the
       | current moment by ensuring that next-generation search and query-
       | based AI tools can reach users free from exclusion, interference,
       | or cooption."
       | 
       | > "the remedy package should prevent Google from anticompetitive
       | self-preferencing, and this prohibition should apply specifically
       | to Google's use of its monopoly search product to boost its
       | query-based AI tools or discriminate against rivals' tools."
       | 
       | I think they have a good point with AI. After lagging behind
       | initially, Google really went at it hard. Gemini is great now,
       | and they are building a good set of tooling.
       | 
       | It's easy for Google to suffocate the startups in that area. They
       | already have a massive advantage with all the data they are
       | sitting on.
        
         | NitpickLawyer wrote:
         | > I think they have a good point with AI. After lagging behind
         | initially, Google really went at it hard. Gemini is great now,
         | and they are building a good set of tooling.
         | 
         | > It's easy for Google to suffocate the startups in that area.
         | They already have a massive advantage with all the data they
         | are sitting on.
         | 
         | What is the solution, though? Should they not be allowed to
         | compete in the LLM + search space? Should they handicap their
         | models till perplexity &co. catch up? Will they be allowed to
         | do something then? I honestly don't see what's asked of google
         | here.
         | 
         | Yes, they are massive. But they're massive because they've
         | invested billions ($, manhours, etc) into their infra and have
         | gathered a huge baggage of data, know-how, tech and expertise
         | in this field. But what exactly are they to do from now on?
        
           | MatthiasPortzel wrote:
           | > The remedy order should also prevent Google from entering
           | into exclusive agreements to access AI training data...
           | 
           | Google, for example, bought _exclusive_ access to Reddit 's
           | data. No one else can train on Reddit unless you have more
           | money than Google (you don't). So one of the asks is that
           | that sort of exclusive deal be prevented. If everyone is
           | allowed to buy Reddit's data, and Google makes the best
           | model, that wouldn't be a problem.
        
             | NitpickLawyer wrote:
             | > So one of the asks is that that sort of exclusive deal be
             | prevented.
             | 
             | Thank you, that actually sounds reasonable.
        
       | sidibe wrote:
       | A. The Remedy Should Open Access to Google's Datasets and Search
       | Index.
       | 
       | B. The Remedy Should Prevent Google from Extending Its Monopolies
       | into Query-Based AI Tools.
       | 
       | Good luck with that YC...
        
         | scarface_74 wrote:
         | And Netflix shouldn't have been able to extend its monopoly in
         | shipping DVDs to streaming
        
           | DrillShopper wrote:
           | That's not comparable. Netflix did not have a monopoly on
           | "shipping DVDs". Plenty of retailers, online or brick-and-
           | mortar, did that at the same time Netflix did, and video
           | rental places were still going. Some of which would deliver
           | movies (the local Marcos near me had a deal with a local
           | Family Video where if you bought a large pizza they would
           | bring you both the pizza and a movie of your choice from
           | Family Video, assuming it was in stock).
           | 
           | Nor has Netflix had a monopoly on streaming.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | And there are other traditional search engines - including
             | one run by another 1 trillion dollar+ market cap company.
             | 
             | That's not to mention ChatGPT and other LLMs have built in
             | search.
             | 
             | Should Google not evolve with the times?
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Personally, as copyright is a non-natural right, we should
           | limit it for films/tv/shows such that whatever price it is
           | sold for, then it is made available for any distributor to
           | sell for after a very limited monopoly period (1 year from
           | release, say, reflecting the current market in which films go
           | from cinema to TV streaming platforms in a few weeks). This
           | would apply to all distributors over X users and/or Y revenue
           | (taking in at least the top 5 streaming platforms).
           | 
           | This way, the public can access copyright works, and
           | producers of works can be paid, but distribution is opened
           | up. Creators still get paid, distribution isn't monopolistic.
           | 
           | Netflix can argue "this show is worth PS5 per viewer" and
           | only sell rights at that price, but they pay tax on that
           | price, and crucially the rest of the catalogue then needs to
           | add up so if viewers are paying PS8 per month then the rest
           | of the catalogue is marked down accordingly. There will be
           | manipulation, but if it doesn't reasonably add up then apply
           | the sort of penalties in the EU of 20$ gross profit fines;
           | strike off directors for copyright abuse (can't be directors
           | of media companies again).
           | 
           | I can't see that this would harm income for creators, only
           | for distributors (who aren't needed, they're just duplicating
           | using monopolistic practices), and it seems it would have
           | broad appeal.
           | 
           | So, yes, I agree.
        
         | itopaloglu83 wrote:
         | The number of searches started to decline and everybody knows
         | that Google is going to start pouring all their cash into AI
         | tools now.
         | 
         | It looks like this is a strategic case to prevent Google from
         | getting into AI search space and even gain access to their
         | search index data so that they can train their own models on
         | it.
         | 
         | Wright brothers invited the aircraft but almost all their
         | patents were cancelled when the Great War started. If we
         | believe the AI race is indeed an existential threat then let's
         | cancel all patents that prevent anyone from innovating.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | Much better idea:
         | 
         | 1) Eliminate Google Play Services for android and the oem non-
         | compete deals.
         | 
         | 2) Right to privacy. All data collection and storage (even on
         | customer owned hardware if used for targeting decisions) must
         | be opt-in, by purpose and annually renewed. It must be easier
         | to only opt in to data collection for use cases that provide
         | application functionality / business transactions than it is to
         | opt into blanket data collection.
        
       | darth_avocado wrote:
       | So they want Google's datasets and search index to be available
       | for other companies and want to prevent Google from being a
       | dominant player in AI based search.
       | 
       | I wonder why a VC firm who is quite heavily invested in AI based
       | startups file an amicus brief like that...
       | 
       | Edit: before this gets downvoted into oblivion, the comment is
       | not against antitrust enforcement. It's about VC firms having
       | very specific ideas about what the antitrust enforcement would
       | look like.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Monopolies prevent startups from reaching critical mass.
         | 
         | Google and the rest of big tech are like the Jupiter of the
         | tech world. It clears the orbit of anything else that could
         | form.
         | 
         | Big tech is so big that it can jump into new markets with ease,
         | kill incumbents, snuff out new players, and perpetually tax
         | non-innovation.
         | 
         | We're twenty years behind on antitrust and breakups. It's time
         | we had a forest fire to make way for new growth.
        
           | alabastervlog wrote:
           | More than 50 years behind. We shifted policy to _barely_
           | enforcing anti-trust in the '70s, under growing Chicago
           | school ( _spits_ ) influence among elected officials, "think
           | tanks" (lobbying groups), and courts.
           | 
           | That's why everything's so _insanely_ consolidated now.
           | Practically every market has a handful of massive players
           | _all of which_ would currently be under serious threat of
           | break-up under the old approach to enforcement. It's all
           | monopoly.
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | I wholeheartedly support antitrust enforcement. My comment
           | was mostly about VC firms having very specific opinions on
           | what should happen.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | Let's not pretend that YC and other VCs are noble. They get
           | rich and pawn their money losing investments to the "bigger
           | fool"
           | 
           | https://medium.com/@kazeemibrahim18/the-post-ipo-
           | performance...
           | 
           | > _In aggregate, the average return across these YC companies
           | is -49%, with a median return of -46%. To put this into
           | perspective, over the same period, the S &P 500 yielded a
           | positive return of 58%_
           | 
           | And for the rest of the companies, they aren't trying to
           | compete with BigTech, they are trying to get acquired by
           | them. Out of the literally thousands of companies that YC has
           | invested in, only about two dozen have gone public
        
             | darth_avocado wrote:
             | VC firms, not specifically YC, also tend to encourage
             | monopolization when it comes to startups they are invested
             | in. Have we not seen unicorns gobble up other smaller
             | startups all the time?
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | You can compete with a unicorn. You can't compete with a
               | trillion dollar company with a cash hoard larger than
               | every unicorn.
        
               | jeroenhd wrote:
               | Which is how AirBnB ruined tourist industries worldwide,
               | caused rents to soar, people to get displaced from their
               | cities of birth, and why they're touted as a "disruptor"
               | in this very brief.
               | 
               | The end game for these unicorns is to become the cash
               | hoard that they intended to compete with.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | > Let's not pretend that YC and other VCs are noble.
             | 
             | I'm fine with that. Let them make money at the expense of
             | big tech.
             | 
             | Breaking up big tech benefits financial/venture capital,
             | but it also benefits labor capital as well. More
             | opportunity for more startups to succeed, more competition
             | for engineering talent, less market distorting wage
             | collusion.
             | 
             | Big tech already won. It's benefactors already reap the
             | benefits. Break them up and a new generation of engineers
             | can grow wealthy on the field they contribute their labor
             | to.
             | 
             | Right now the proceeds of tech go to hedge funds and
             | pension funds. It's venture capital and entrepreneurs that
             | take risks. They're the ones that should see upside.
             | Unfortunately, big tech monopolies put a ceiling on this.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | They do see upside - by being acquired by BigTech.
               | 
               | So if Google wasn't a "monopoly" you think a startup
               | could make a better search engine? Be more popular than
               | Android - Microsoft tried both and failed because people
               | prefer Google products. It wasn't for the lack of money.
               | 
               | And engineers are getting wealthy - by working for
               | BigTech. Even an entry level developer at BigTech makes
               | more than 90% of workers.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | That's a low ceiling.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Really? Making $250K a year for a mid level developer 3
               | years out of school is a "low bar"?
               | 
               | Google has created many more millionaires than YC. The
               | only way that you could be a millionaire by investing in
               | YC companies at IPO would be to be a multimillionaire and
               | lose half your money.
        
         | throwanem wrote:
         | People act in furtherance of their interests, yes. Was there
         | more you had meant to say?
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | "People act in furtherance of their interests, yes" [by
           | invoking the power of the State].
           | 
           | There, FTFY. It was implied, was it not?
           | 
           | Perhaps that is what should happen here, but let's not
           | quibble about it.
        
             | throwanem wrote:
             | "Invoking the power of the state?" Good heavens, they've
             | only filed an amicus brief. "Begging the presently
             | authorized tenant of a precisely defined and circumscribed
             | aliquot of the delegated power of the state" would be a
             | more accurate way to put it. I appreciate that's not as
             | florid, nor as floridly serviceable to anyone else's
             | interest in pursuing this conversation. As I said before,
             | though...
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | You're right, YC is far from a neutral party here. But then
         | again, I don't think any for-profit organisation spending the
         | money on lawyers to write amicus briefs is.
         | 
         | They're looking for free data for their AI startups to make
         | money off of, and with Google being in the middle of an
         | antitrust catastrophe that may very well collapse web browser
         | variety to two options in the next years, there's a lot of
         | money to be made by stoking the flames.
        
       | xyzzy9563 wrote:
       | Google is effectively being punished for retaining their earnings
       | and re-investing in tons of software R&D over the years. Their
       | "monopoly" is because people choose to use them, not because they
       | have to. Not to mention they are are being disrupted by ChatGPT
       | and other LLMs anyways right now. There have always been lots of
       | web browsers and search engines, but Google simply did a better
       | job making and refining their software and hiring people to do
       | that.
        
         | nicce wrote:
         | > Their "monopoly" is because people choose to use them, not
         | because they have to.
         | 
         | If I give you only one reasonable option and you choose that,
         | is that selection? What if this one option distinguished
         | others?
        
           | xyzzy9563 wrote:
           | It's the only reasonable option because they did the best job
           | making a search engine. The competitors have search engines
           | but their software is worse.
        
         | voytec wrote:
         | No. They are being punished for unfairly limiting
         | competitiveness with repeated monopolistic practices affecting
         | the browser/search markets relation.
        
           | xyzzy9563 wrote:
           | But they only have high market share because people _want_ to
           | use Google instead of the competitors. Many consumers switch
           | their search engine to Google when presented with other
           | defaults. Because Google search works the best and people
           | know that.
        
             | voytec wrote:
             | The aggressive marketing of Chrome on Google Search website
             | to users using other browsers was a significant part of
             | Chrome adoption success.
             | 
             | And no - some people didn't willingly and consciously
             | switched to their search engine. It was pushed down their
             | throats by browser vendors being paid-off by Google for
             | setting it as the default one. Mozilla has overwritten
             | user-changed search engine setting in Firefox with several
             | updates.
             | 
             | Non tech-savvy users simply accept changes made in software
             | they use.
        
               | alabastervlog wrote:
               | When _by far_ the most generous reading of a post is that
               | it's a low-effort troll, I'd recommend ignoring the
               | poster entirely.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | I don't know if you remember but it was just a few years
               | ago that using search engines like bing was a shameful
               | meme.
        
               | voytec wrote:
               | Nowadays using Google Search is, since they pivoted from
               | from being a "search company" to "adtech company" which
               | resulted in the degradation of Google Search quality.
               | 
               | "Engines like Bing" is an ambiguous term. There are
               | better options than Bing.
        
             | ezfe wrote:
             | So then why do they pay Apple $25,000,000,000 a year to
             | default search to Google?
        
         | repelsteeltje wrote:
         | > Google is effectively being punished for retaining their
         | earnings and re-investing in tons of software R&D over the
         | years
         | 
         | They have indeed invested tons in r&d, but with excessively
         | little results. Besides web search it's tough to see succeses
         | that Google didn't _buy_ their way into. Gmail, maps, ...
         | maybe?
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | Who knows when or if this current AI wave would've happened
           | without Google.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | That argument cuts both ways: Who knows how much longer we
             | had to wait for this AI boom because google was sponging up
             | every genius to work on ad selling algorithms.
        
         | kittikitti wrote:
         | Google's research departments hyped up DeepMind's success in
         | board games and enabled huge amounts of marketing which makes
         | you believe this. However, DeepMind was a resounding failure
         | after GPT's were released. If you look at the multiple
         | documentaries, they now seem cringeworthy because of Google's
         | arrogance about AI. Google did not simply do a better job, they
         | acquired the companies that did and then convinced you that
         | they were part of Google the entire time so they can take the
         | credit.
         | 
         | I'm really glad that YC brought this against Google but it
         | should be clear that YC also enabled them. It's a lie that YC
         | is independent from Google as it partners and promotes their
         | engineers and Big Tech allies. They see the writing on the wall
         | and their lawyers see this as a hedge against lawsuits against
         | them. "We didn't cause this mess, see look! We're trying to
         | help!" YC also doesn't serve American startups at all and their
         | entrepreneurs strongly favors California or India.
        
         | nixonaddiction wrote:
         | ok so google paid companies like apple to make google the
         | default search engine. you cannot claim everything was just
         | because their product was good. you can argue that striking the
         | deal with apple was just a smart business move, but google
         | isn't winning just because of their r&d.
        
           | Ajedi32 wrote:
           | It's just a default, you can change it. Did Google coerce
           | Apple into taking that deal somehow? Or did they simply offer
           | them the most compelling deal in a free market?
           | 
           | Keep in mind that if paying to be the default search engine
           | in a browser is illegal, then Firefox's primary revenue
           | source is out the window.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | Spoiler: Firefox's primary revenue source is going to go
             | out the window.
        
             | kccqzy wrote:
             | That's exactly what the government wants intentionally or
             | unintentionally: make Firefox's primary revenue stream
             | disappear.
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | None of the proposed remedies benefit consumers.
        
         | sidibe wrote:
         | Garry Tan is a consumer too!
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | He's been consuming his own exhaust too much.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | We have two major phone operating systems and they charge a tax
         | of 30%, which gets passed onto consumers. This should be zero
         | if there was unlimited competition or web installation. There's
         | also so much innovation happening in the mobile space right
         | now. It's not like they're parked and reaping untold benefits.
         | 
         | By having search monopolies, they've gamified paying for
         | placement above your competitor's trademarks. Rather than spend
         | on engineering or lowering costs, you have to pay to defend
         | your brand.
         | 
         | There are thousands of ways these monopolies are horrible for
         | the consumer, for small business, and for innovation.
         | 
         | These companies force their way into new markets, kill the
         | sustainable incumbents by give away services sustained on
         | unrelated business unit profit, then raise rates once the field
         | has been salted and acquired. Amazon is a grocery store,
         | primary care doctor, home electronics company, and James Bond.
         | 
         | Why should Amazon get free advertising for their films on their
         | web storefront, plastered on the side of their delivery vans,
         | emblazoned on their packaging, when competing studios have to
         | spend millions on marketing? To top it off, they're outsourcing
         | the film crew labor to Eastern Europe where there are no crew
         | safety laws and are putting American film workers out of
         | business.
         | 
         | And the current price pressure on your salary is directly a
         | result of their market power. They don't have to fear you
         | starting a company that can impact their profits anymore.
         | 
         | These companies should all be dismantled. Large companies
         | should be exposed to evolutionary pressures, but because of
         | monopoly they become invasive species and dominate entire
         | ecosystems. Regulation is the path to healthy competition and
         | innovation.
        
           | amazingamazing wrote:
           | The solution is for people to make web apps which are
           | agnostic to platform and device, no?
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | No, the solution is web installs without platform scare
             | walls.
             | 
             | We have sandboxing, permissions, app scanning heuristics,
             | and databases of bad apps. If the web works from a
             | technical standpoint and security posture, so can native.
        
             | unyttigfjelltol wrote:
             | Yeah, the root of many monopolies today is an IP monopoly
             | explicitly granted by government. Government policy is
             | prohibiting monopolies via one relatively weak pathway, and
             | literally establishing them via the IP pathway.
        
             | Zak wrote:
             | A finding that preventing or discouraging installation of
             | apps from anywhere but the first-party store constitutes
             | use of market power to exclude competitors and fix prices
             | in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act sounds like a
             | great solution to me.
        
           | alabastervlog wrote:
           | > By having search monopolies, they've gamified paying for
           | placement above your competitor's trademarks. Rather than
           | spend on engineering or lowering costs, you have to pay to
           | defend your brand.
           | 
           | I would _love_ to know how much money Google makes just from
           | this extortion.
           | 
           | ... which is enabled by their intentionally-misleading search
           | ads, which also enable scams. I'd further love to know how
           | much money they make promoting scams.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | Ironically, Google has always allowed people to side-step the
           | 30% tax.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | With a burried setting and scare wall that they know fewer
             | than 0.01% engage with.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | If developers bothered to put their apps on alternative
           | stores with much lower rates, we wouldn't be in this mess.
           | Amazon is shutting down their store because it turns out
           | nobody is really all that interested in actual alternatives.
           | Samsung has their own store but all I hear about it is people
           | bitching that they already have Google Play and that it's
           | "bloatware".
           | 
           | Huawei even sells phones without Google Play in the west! Of
           | course the first thing people try to do on them is get Google
           | Play working, because the cheap hardware is all people care
           | about.
           | 
           | Sure, Apple has proven to be pretty shit about app cost, but
           | Android does and always has offered alternative app stores,
           | and it's the leading example of how much companies like Epic
           | are lying through their teeth.
           | 
           | Consumers pay the 30% app tax on Android because the
           | companies claiming to want to get rid of it don't actually
           | want to invest in alternatives, they just want Apple and
           | Google to host their games for free so they can make more
           | money.
           | 
           | The same goes for a lot of these monopolies. People want
           | options, but they don't want to pay for options. The result
           | is a quick race to the bottom where only a few high-profit,
           | low-margin companies dominate the market.
        
             | belorn wrote:
             | Andoid users install google play because the applications
             | they want to use is only available on google play,
             | regardless of personal choice. Andoid developers put their
             | applications on google play because that is the only places
             | where they can access enough number of users, which has
             | nothing to do with developer choice.
             | 
             | It is not about price. It is about platforms. A 0% app tax
             | could not compete if there is 0 users on the platform, and
             | google could increase the app tax to 100% if they wanted
             | and people would still use it.
        
           | surajrmal wrote:
           | Amazon doesn't get free advertising. They lose out on revenue
           | they could have gotten by placing another paying ad there
           | instead. The opportunity cost is not 0.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | Amazon chooses not to advertise third party products on
             | those surfaces. They realize they have product synergy in
             | giving away free films and movies to their customers, which
             | is why they do it. It's a massively unfair platform
             | advantage.
             | 
             | UPS and FedEx don't emblazon ads on their delivery trucks.
             | Nobody is buying up those ad spaces.
        
           | Aerroon wrote:
           | About the phone OS: unfortunately, other companies and
           | _governments_ give this duopoly to Apple and Google.
           | 
           | If I need my phone to access my bank and my bank's app only
           | works on official Android or iOS then that's it. I don't have
           | a choice in what phone OS I'm running.
           | 
           | And the bank most likely does that because of government
           | regulations.
        
           | briandear wrote:
           | Free apps don't cost any "tax."
           | 
           | > This should be zero if there was unlimited competition or
           | web installation
           | 
           | Is credit card processing, billing, storage, distribution,
           | "free?"
           | 
           | And the 30% figure is inaccurate. Most developers don't pay
           | that.
           | 
           | How about stripe charging 2.9% +$0.30 per transaction? They
           | are almost double the actual cost of the interchanges.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | Businesses have hundreds of billing and payment options,
             | and the fees are relatively small and straightforward.
             | 
             | Google and Apple charge an order of magnitude more for a
             | straightjacket distribution mechanism that is inferior to
             | web search.
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | One wonders how these people imagine accessing a search index,
       | from the practical, technical standpoint. If you believe that
       | Google has only unfair business practices, then it makes perfect
       | sense to believe that your organization will simply access their
       | data.
        
       | voytec wrote:
       | > As a result, YC has an interest in ensuring that U.S.
       | technology markets are free from anticompetitive barriers to
       | entry and expansion.
       | 
       | This part reads like a suggestion to loosen anti-
       | competitive/antitrust law.
        
         | grg0 wrote:
         | Why? The point of antitrust is to promote market fairness.
         | 
         | I don't trust YC very much, but I do trust they want a share of
         | the pie. And they're not wrong that Google has monopolized and
         | stagnated search. I think you're reading too much into that
         | sentence?
        
       | amazingamazing wrote:
       | Why not make all companies open up their data sets, and stop pay
       | to play?
        
         | pvg wrote:
         | Because all companies haven't been found to be illegal
         | monopolies? Just like we don't fine everyone with a car for
         | speeding.
        
           | codegladiator wrote:
           | more like same toll-tax/road-tax for vehicles of all sizes
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | How is it more like that? This is a proposed remedy for
             | breaking the law. Driving on the road (tll or free) is not
             | breaking the law. There is no 'like' about it at all.
        
               | codegladiator wrote:
               | I know what you mean but your statement
               | 
               | > Just like we don't fine everyone with a car for
               | speeding
               | 
               | can me mistaken for "not everyone who is speeding is
               | fined", and that's clearly not what you meant or wrote.
               | You are right its not more like tolls because it still
               | doesn't capture the /exponential/ difference of whats
               | being compared (any other company vs google). Its like a
               | car vs a jet fighter
        
           | amazingamazing wrote:
           | Pay to play is inherently anti competitive though. All cars
           | that speed are fined, not just the "big" ones. It's also a
           | fact that all companies opening up their data would make
           | things more competitive. Moats are inherently anti
           | competitive.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | Pay to play is a really broad term (just skim the wikipedia
             | page) and describing it as 'inherently anticompetitive'
             | isn't saying much. There are also plenty of political,
             | social and business arrangements that are deliberately
             | anticompetitive by wide agreements of various sorts.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | They don't have an illegal monopoly on AI data sets, though?
           | This is attacking a random, unrelated Google branch.
           | 
           | The company that brought us AirBnB and Doordash arguing for
           | fair and open markets should say enough about how honest
           | their intentions are.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | I'm not talking about the merits of YC's brief, just the
             | merits of the comment I'm replying to. "Why shouldn't we
             | apply the proposed remedy for illegal behaviour on
             | everyone" seems like a no-brainer to me.
        
               | jeroenhd wrote:
               | I don't think it's unreasonable to apply the same remedy
               | to all AI companies. Sure, it would punish Google, but if
               | companies would actually share their data set, the
               | internet may not be so polluted with AI crawler bots I
               | need to block on my servers.
               | 
               | Just as an example: in my country, all public transit
               | information is shared publicly between operators, so
               | anyone can effectively build a public transit navigation
               | app. That includes the for-profit companies that actually
               | run the trains. Had they kept their data silo'd up, like
               | they were not that long ago, companies would need to make
               | expensive deals or write elaborate scrapers to provide
               | basic route navigation services. Thanks to regulation
               | opening up the data for this system, everyone benefits,
               | including the transit companies themselves, as their
               | route planners now seemlessly integrate with routes
               | offered by unrelated third parties.
               | 
               | By only hitting Google with regulations like those, I
               | think we're building a situation where it's only a matter
               | of time before a new Google appears and ruins the market
               | again. Google has been financing Firefox and Safari for
               | years now because they don't want to be the _only_
               | browser, because being the _only_ browser comes with all
               | kinds of nasty antitrust regulations. If we selectively
               | apply mitigations like these for competitive purposes
               | (which I very much doubt are the real reason they 're
               | being suggested anyway), we'll just end up with some
               | equivalent like "OpenAI sponsoring xAI and Claude so
               | OpenAI doesn't control more than 80% of market share".
        
               | pvg wrote:
               | _I don 't think it's unreasonable to apply the same
               | remedy to all AI companies._
               | 
               | A court can't really formulate and enact such a remedy.
               | 
               |  _all public transit information_
               | 
               | Not all entities are public and we have more readily
               | available methods to influence the ones that are.
        
       | bloppe wrote:
       | Google is the reason for the current AI boom. Without the
       | transformer architecture they invented by funding basic research,
       | there would be no modern LLMs. YC is arguing that their incentive
       | for funding that basic research should be taken away in order to
       | spur innovation?
        
         | chpatrick wrote:
         | You can do basic research without being monopolistic.
        
           | xyzzy9563 wrote:
           | There are many other search engine options, why should Google
           | be punished for hiring the best people over decades to make
           | the best one? Many consumers also switch their search to
           | Google when presented with other options or defaults.
        
             | mcherm wrote:
             | > why should Google be punished for hiring the best people
             | over decades to make the best one?
             | 
             | Google should not be punished for having gained a near-
             | monopoly by hiring the best people.
             | 
             | But perhaps their near-monopoly is due to other reasons
             | like paying large amounts to ensure that they are the
             | default option on various platforms. In this case, legal
             | restrictions might be more appropriate.
             | 
             | How do we determine which of these proposed reasons for the
             | near-monopoly is correct? We use a legal process where each
             | side presents their evidence and a neutral party decides
             | which is most credible.
        
             | skippyboxedhero wrote:
             | Because the data they possess is the monopoly, they have
             | better search results because it is too expensive for
             | competitors to gather the data at this point as(I also
             | think people who are unfamiliar with finance do not
             | understand the quantum, Meta has a similar type of business
             | but was under huge pressure with investing tens of billions
             | into VR...it would cost hundreds of billions to get parity
             | with Google, there is no way to finance this).
             | 
             | It is nothing to do with "hiring the best people". Google's
             | exec-level leadership is extremely poor, Mr Magoo-tier
             | management. This is largely due to their share classes, the
             | people at the very top are not very good at business so
             | Google largely isn't run like a business. They have one
             | business that is probably worth $4-5tn, and the rest is
             | worth -$3-4tn. The number of "best people" out there is
             | usually under 500 in a country the size of the US, a
             | country that has hundreds of thousands of employees is not
             | hiring the best.
             | 
             | I would guess under 100 people at Google actually
             | positively impact financial results in any way because the
             | advertising business grows rapidly, uses no capital, and
             | requires no staff. This is true of many of the tech
             | companies do, you aren't getting the best if you pay an
             | exec $50m because the best will always do their own thing
             | and make more. Rather you get someone like Pichai or Cook
             | who sounds good and will get shareholders to believe that
             | setting fire to $200m/year to pay them is a good idea, they
             | are indistinguishable from politicians.
             | 
             | Google is under-earning massively. Staff aren't a monopoly,
             | you just pay someone to leave and they are yours now (you
             | see this in other areas like HFT where staff actually know
             | useful stuff, you don't see this in tech because most staff
             | don't know anything, they are looking for drones).
        
               | surajrmal wrote:
               | It's incredibly naive to think Google's continuous growth
               | is automatic. It happened because of all the work the
               | employees do, not in spite of it. Are there employees who
               | don't contribute? Sure. But that's different from only
               | 100 contributing to positive growth.
        
               | skippyboxedhero wrote:
               | Do you actually understand how and why they are growing?
               | 
               | They start with a page with zero ads, they add one ad to
               | that page one year, ad sales pushes that placements, then
               | a few years they do it again, etc. Meta are the same.
               | 
               | Google do sell at a higher price than offline ads because
               | of targeting/intent but this is inherent to the product:
               | search has inherently better intent and their targeting
               | tech is no better than anyone else such that their prices
               | are higher/grow faster.
               | 
               | That is their growth model: higher ad density, the CEO
               | deciding to add another ad to a page and earning
               | $100m/year. There is no value-added otherwise because you
               | don't need many people, you don't need capital and you
               | are making $300bn/year.
               | 
               | And, again, if you own the shares you understand that you
               | are getting the ads business, and because of the dual
               | class you are also getting this tech bureaucracy that
               | sets fire to tens of billions every year employing people
               | to do nothing. If these people are so productive...where
               | is the revenue? It is all ads or ancillary business, they
               | have GCP now but there is nothing else...because these
               | people aren't doing anything.
               | 
               | It is like owning a business that turns lead into gold,
               | the process is automatic, requires no capital...and then
               | employing a bunch of monks to pray for the lead and
               | saying the business couldn't exist without them. Lol.
        
             | nickfromseattle wrote:
             | Note, Google also uses user interaction data from Chrome to
             | influence the search results. [0]
             | 
             | [0] https://www.seroundtable.com/google-search-user-
             | interaction-...
        
             | ayewo wrote:
             | > There are many other search engine options, why should
             | Google be punished for hiring the best people over decades
             | to make the best one?
             | 
             | I'm guessing this whole court case wouldn't have been a
             | thing if Google wasn't bribing Apple, to the tune of $20
             | billion a year [1], to remain the default search engine on
             | iOS.
             | 
             | 1: https://www.searchenginejournal.com/apple-may-add-ai-
             | search-...
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Amazing how you can see that as Google bribing Apple
               | instead of Apple extorting Google.
        
               | josefx wrote:
               | It would be a rather ineffective extortion if "customers
               | would just switch" as the comment further above claims.
        
               | jsheard wrote:
               | Or more recently beginning to throw money at websites to
               | lock out their competitors, which is why Bing and co
               | can't index Reddit anymore.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | That's true, but if it weren't for Google's monopolist
           | position, I doubt they'd have the money to throw at the wall
           | for random research. For every AI transformer they
           | revolutionized, there's a self-driving car project that's
           | dragging on for decades.
           | 
           | Had Google operated like a normal company, the risk/reward of
           | this kind of research would've looked completely differently.
           | 
           | Google's monopoly helped research along in the same way
           | totalitarian countries like China are developing
           | infrastructure at break-neck speed: if you don't need to care
           | about pesky rights and regulations, you can do things that
           | would otherwise be impossible.
           | 
           | I don't think Google's monopoly is worth having the current
           | generation of lie generator bots around, but I don't think
           | generative AI would be where it is right now had Google been
           | forced to comply with antitrust regulations ten years ago.
        
             | callc wrote:
             | You certainly have a point. Places like google and bell
             | labs have pushed innovation, apparently enabled by
             | monopolies.
             | 
             | I would rather we don't allow monopolies since they are so
             | bad for society, regardless of some benefits.
             | 
             | Government funded research and private investment are still
             | a thing, that doesn't try to break the whole capitalism
             | thing.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | > You certainly have a point. Places like google and bell
               | labs have pushed innovation, apparently enabled by
               | monopolies.
               | 
               | I've heard this argument before (and recognize that you
               | aren't defending it), but telecommunications, network and
               | technology innovation has hardly suffered since Bell was
               | dismantled in 1982.
        
               | Mond_ wrote:
               | You cannot possibly know which innovations and
               | standardizations happened past 1982 in the world in which
               | Bell was not dismantled.
        
               | Macha wrote:
               | Right, but there other, real, negative impacts of
               | monopoly, whereas the positive impact of R&D funding
               | seems to be at best a maybe as to if it's better than the
               | alternative.
        
               | jeroenhd wrote:
               | Telecommunications is still led by small groups of
               | companies. Giant backbone providers stitch the internet
               | together. Telecoms providers within a country, the ones
               | that actually have hardware in the field, can often be
               | counted on one hand, and often in one hand after a
               | fireworks accident. 5G/6G/7G research is led by a small
               | handful of companies that actually build the switches,
               | transmitters, and modems. Cell tower frequencies are sold
               | to a tiny group of carriers that sublet their network
               | equipment to smaller companies they eventually buy up (if
               | succesful) or disappear from the market (if not
               | succesful).
               | 
               | Fiber rollout in countries where a government funded
               | phone line rollout has already succeeded is laughably
               | slow, taking decades and many billions with little to
               | show for it. Even in countries where no phone lines were
               | rolled out back in the day, fiber is more and more being
               | skipped as 5G allows for cheaper (though less reliable
               | and less capable) deployment.
               | 
               | I'm not saying monopolies are good or anything, and I
               | think our problems would be even worse had we stuck to
               | the monopolist systems that brought us telecoms as we
               | know it, but I wouldn't consider the industry one where
               | there's enough competition to drive innovation,
               | especially since at least half of the entire sector is
               | competing against Chinese government-controlled companies
               | with seemingly endless coffers.
        
               | globnomulous wrote:
               | This is debatable, I think. What I've read is that,
               | whereas Bell Labs did foundational, groundbreaking
               | research that radically altered the course of human
               | history, technological innovation since then has more
               | often followed the lines Bell Labs, and their ilk, laid
               | down. Giving the world a faster computer or faster
               | network is fine and nice but pales in comparison to the
               | consequences of giving the world modern computers, Unix,
               | and C.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | Counterpoint, C and Unix still don't have serious
               | successors 50 years on.
        
               | kaladin-jasnah wrote:
               | My first thought was Bell Labs here. The lack of time
               | pressure for research results sounds like a big reason
               | why so much innovation happened--people could pursue
               | projects that may not have immediately benefitted the
               | company's bottom line, because Bell had money to throw. I
               | think UNIX was an example of this, because MULTICS was a
               | failure and Bell was wary of similar projects, but I
               | might be wrong.
        
               | mtillman wrote:
               | According to Kernighan in UNIX: A History and a Memoir,
               | the Unix team was constrained with regards to hardware
               | capital at the time of Unix's creation. The Multics team
               | got to use a fancy GE-645 (36-bits!) while the Unix team
               | had to beg for "cheaper" systems like the PDP-7 and
               | eventually an 11. Thompson has a great quote about how
               | ultimately he was thankful they didn't have as much money
               | to play with as the Multics team did but at the time he
               | was annoyed he had to beg for a PDP-11. Fun book!
        
               | ori_b wrote:
               | Most of the Bell Labs fundamental breakthroughs had no
               | path to commercialization at the time of their discovery.
               | The transistor was discovered 12 years into Shockleys
               | research on fundamental properties of semiconductors.
               | 
               | If commercialization had been considered before funding,
               | the project would have never been approved.
               | 
               | Instead, Bell management took the view that they could
               | find everything, and some of it might become a new
               | market, maybe.
        
               | soulofmischief wrote:
               | Google's position is a result of capitalism, not in spite
               | of it.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | Every corporation's position is a result of capitalism.
               | I'd like to know more about your point.
        
               | photonthug wrote:
               | This is debatable and probably a US centric POV, I think
               | you could argue that much of the world is better at
               | public / private partnerships and so no, their _position_
               | is not due to capitalism, even if their continued
               | existence is.
               | 
               | I'm not an expert on the economic history, but you could
               | probably argue that the last big public / private
               | partnerships in the US were in the railroad days. Defense
               | spending I would not count in this category either.
               | Although it builds whole ecosystems it is too insular and
               | incestuous compared to something like transportation, or
               | deliberately nurturing any other budding industry in a
               | cooperative rather than competitive fashion
        
               | callc wrote:
               | I might not have explained my position adequately. I am
               | not commenting on how Google became immensely successful,
               | but just looking at it today in its current state.
               | 
               | It seems like the end result of unchecked capitalism is
               | monopolistic practices. Companies want to make as much
               | $$$ as possible. The most effective way to do that is to
               | become a monopoly and avoid/destroy/inhibit any amount of
               | competition as possible.
               | 
               | I really see it as an unstable system. Which is why we
               | need society to put laws in place to keep the system in
               | check, so it doesn't turn sour.
               | 
               | Basically there's a "healthiness" scale of capitalism. I
               | want healthy capitalism.
        
             | sdenton4 wrote:
             | "self-driving car project that's dragging on for decades."
             | 
             | And yet, waymo seems to have got the correct risk reward
             | trade-off compared to all of the move-fast-and-get-banned
             | competitors...
        
               | notimetorelax wrote:
               | I think that you're supporting the argument that you're
               | replying to.
        
             | sanderjd wrote:
             | It's funny that you use self driving cars as a negative
             | example. We have a perfect natural experiment to look at to
             | compare the slower research-driven approach (Waymo) to the
             | "normal company" short term profit driven approach (Tesla).
             | 
             | From where I'm sitting it's pretty clear which approach has
             | been more successful.
        
           | bloppe wrote:
           | That's an interesting question. A lot of basic research is
           | done in pursuit of creating entirely new markets. Being the
           | first entrant to a new market makes you a monopolist in a way
           | by default. It doesn't necessarily have to be anti-
           | competitive.
           | 
           | I'd argue the fact that Google publishes much more of their
           | research than their competitors do is a strong indicator that
           | they're actually not the anti-competitive ones.
        
           | DrillShopper wrote:
           | The greatest private sector basic research institute that has
           | ever existed was the result of a government granted monopoly,
           | so you have to admit, it helps.
        
           | Zigurd wrote:
           | Debatable. I visited the down at the heels post break up Bell
           | Labs and it was sad.
        
             | antonvs wrote:
             | I worked for a while at the company that used to be named
             | Bellcore (Bell Communications Research), which was
             | originally a research consortium for the Baby Bells. By the
             | time I joined, it was a zombie cash cow shell that did no
             | research, and it met the common fate of such businesses:
             | acquired by a private equity firm.
        
           | concinds wrote:
           | It's normal for mature industries to evolve into oligopolies.
           | The filing goes far beyond fighting cartel-like behavior,
           | into pretty ludicrous stuff (like "open access to Google's
           | datasets and search Index").
        
           | derektank wrote:
           | Yet empirically, the biggest funders of basic research have
           | historically been monopolies. The US government was, at least
           | up until the last few months, the largest funder of basic
           | research globally and it obviously maintains multiple
           | different monopolies, a monopoly on legal use of force, a
           | functional monopoly on financial transactions as the global
           | reserve currency, and I'm sure others. Excluding national
           | governments, Bell Labs and IBM were both probably the biggest
           | funders of basic research in the last century during their
           | respective heydays. Bell was obviously a monopoly and while
           | IBM might never have faced anti-trust penalties, they did at
           | one point control 70% of the mainframe market and the DoJ did
           | bring a case against them (that was eventually dismissed by
           | the Reagan administration.)
           | 
           | I think there are many good reasons to pursue anti-trust
           | action against companies that are in a dominant market
           | position, but we should be honest about the tradeoffs.
           | Businesses that have to aggressively compete to maintain
           | market share don't have the slack to fund basic research.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | Which is why, like the 'monopoly on violence' the
             | government should also be funding a _lot more research_.
             | 
             | It should be at, or partnered with, higher learning
             | institutions and since it's public funded all of the
             | results should be free to use*. I'm willing to entertain
             | the idea of: Free use for people and corporations within
             | the country/countries that funded research, everyone else
             | pays compulsory license fees.
        
               | briandear wrote:
               | But public funded research isn't "free to use." In many
               | cases, you can't even read it without paying a scientific
               | journal for a subscription. See the Bayh-Dole Act as
               | well: universities can patent discoveries from federally
               | funded research.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | There's no reason that couldn't be changed, e.g.
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43858568.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | These aren't contradictory ideas. Governments should fund
               | more research and should also make it free.
        
               | jpeloquin wrote:
               | Publications with public funding have already escaped the
               | paywall, partially as of 2013 and completely as of this
               | year:
               | 
               | https://par.nsf.gov/
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
               | 
               | https://ospo.gwu.edu/overview-us-policy-open-access-and-
               | open...
               | 
               | https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-
               | director/statem...
               | 
               | https://www.coalition-s.org/plan_s_principles/
               | 
               | The intent of the Bayh-Dole Act was to deal with a
               | perceived problem of government-owned patents being
               | investor-unfriendly. At the time the government would
               | only grant non-exclusive licenses, and investors
               | generally want exclusivity. That may have been the actual
               | problem, moreso than who owned the patent. On the other
               | hand, giving the actual inventors an incentive to
               | commercialize their work should increase their
               | productivity and the chance that the inventions actually
               | get used.
        
             | ctvo wrote:
             | The biggest funders of basic research are those with the
             | most resources. This is your insight? I don't think anyone
             | disagrees. Then you conflate correlation with causation and
             | move it to _monopolies_ fund basic research. Bravo.
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | Major monopolies tend to have the most resources,
               | particularly excess resources that are available to spend
               | on things like research.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | That's not suprising at all, though. It doesn't imply
               | that monopolies are a net benefit for society.
        
             | OtherShrezzing wrote:
             | Is this not a bit "tail wagging the dog" thinking? There
             | wasn't much innovation in telecommunications once Bell's
             | monopoly was entrenched. Once it dissipated, innovation was
             | everywhere in the space. Similarly, computers had less
             | innovation while IBM was a monopoly than they've had since
             | its monopoly dissipated.
             | 
             | Though both companies created novel & useful inventions,
             | the biggest shifts in those industries during those
             | monopoly eras were from outside those organisations by
             | competitive startups. As an example, IBM should have
             | produced Microsoft, but they didn't. They missed out on a
             | multi-trillion dollar value creation opportunity as a
             | result.
        
               | derektank wrote:
               | There's a difference between conducting basic research
               | and bringing new inventions to the market in the form of
               | consumer goods or services. Monopolies are much, much
               | worse at doing the latter than normal businesses because
               | they have no competition pressuring them to improve their
               | offerings.
        
               | allturtles wrote:
               | > There wasn't much innovation in telecommunications once
               | Bell's monopoly was entrenched. Once it dissipated,
               | innovation was everywhere in the space.
               | 
               | I don't think that's accurate at all. If we take say 1920
               | or so as the date when the monopoly was entrenched and
               | 1984 as the break-up, there was tons of innovation in
               | telecom in that time period. Novel telecom technologies
               | introduced in that time period include television,
               | microwave relays, satellite communications, submarine
               | telephone cables, cellular telephones, fiber optics,
               | electronic telephone switching, packet switching, the
               | Internet.
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | This line of argument to defend monopolies is the same line
             | of argument against progressive taxation of high incomes.
             | Just because those with trends excess use some small
             | fraction of that excess to do good does not justify the
             | means.
             | 
             | I have been close enough to billionaires and how they spend
             | their money to not be fully impressed by such arguments.
             | 
             | And certainly the robber barons of the 2000s spend far less
             | on the public good than when tax rates were higher and they
             | used to fund universities, libraries, hospitals and the
             | like.
        
             | keybored wrote:
             | > I think there are many good reasons to pursue anti-trust
             | action against companies that are in a dominant market
             | position, but we should be honest about the tradeoffs.
             | 
             | Okay. I'll take the monopolostic government over the
             | monopolistic corporation. Thanks.
        
           | lacy_tinpot wrote:
           | What monopoly?
           | 
           | Google's entire business model is currently under threat
           | right now.
        
             | Larrikin wrote:
             | There are lazy developers reading this very comment thread
             | that broke basic website functionality this week because
             | they only tested on Chrome
        
               | ikiris wrote:
               | Just because the competition is trash doesn't make chrome
               | a monopoly.
        
           | nmz wrote:
           | How?
           | 
           | The software world was basically created by Xerox and AT&T
           | research.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | > Google is the reason for the current AI boom.
         | 
         | OpenAI is the reason for the current AI boom. Google wasn't
         | productizing anything and didn't put any of this stuff out in
         | the open. Where was their productization of the transformer?
         | 
         | If anything, it should show that Google malinvests. Maybe none
         | of it would have seen the light of day. Only now that they've
         | been threatened are they building products.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | That you are unaware of the applications of transformers is
           | on you, not them. Search query understanding, search result
           | ranking, translation, voice recognition, all other natural
           | language applications, and generative applications like Gmail
           | Smart Compose are all based on transformer architecture.
        
           | currymj wrote:
           | The BERT model, which uses the transformer architecture, was
           | deployed by Google for every English language Google search
           | by the end of 2019.
           | 
           | This is about concurrent with OpenAI's release of GPT-2. But
           | GPT-2 was not really a product.
        
           | victorbjorklund wrote:
           | I usef BERT before chatgpt was a thing.
        
           | jayd16 wrote:
           | They had AI assistants and machine vision aplenty. The
           | current hype cycle seems to stem from the discovery that
           | going big on these models was worth it.
        
           | luckydata wrote:
           | OpenAi just decided they could jump the gun while Google
           | CORRECTLY deemed the tech not ready yet. What you're breaking
           | your neck to find fault with was Google being responsible.
        
         | philipov wrote:
         | You're saying this would hinder LLM research? Don't threaten me
         | with a good time.
        
         | ViktorRay wrote:
         | But when AT&T had a monopoly it funded Bell Labs which was
         | responsible for much innovation.
         | 
         | Then AT&T was shut down and Bell Labs went away.
         | 
         | If we take your argument seriously then AT&T shouldn't have
         | been dismantled. But it was a good thing AT&T was dismantled.
         | It helped lead to the modern internet.
         | 
         | By your logic all Rockefeller had to do in the early 20th
         | century was set up a lab to do basic research and then Standard
         | Oil wouldn't have been broken up.
         | 
         | Monopolies should be broken up. This is true regardless of any
         | basic research that they fund.
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | Right, if you look back through the history of ideas, every
           | breakthrough builds on prior research and inventions. In the
           | realm of patents and copyrights, this is acknowledged
           | formally: they expire after a certain time and enter the
           | public domain. This also supports the view that the current
           | state of the world, for better or worse, owes much to the
           | past and those who came before (living or not living
           | elements).
        
           | mjcl wrote:
           | And it was an antitrust action that unlocked a lot of that
           | value. The consent decree required Bell Labs to license its
           | patents (e.g. transistors) for reasonable royalties. The same
           | consent decree also forbid AT&T from entering new industries
           | like computing. So after they built UNIX, they sold the
           | source code 'as-is' to universities for $200 ($20k for
           | businesses).
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | You could also say, though, that this is what caused AT&T
             | to be what it is today - disliked by their customers.
        
               | throwaway173738 wrote:
               | Ask anyone who was alive back then and they will tell you
               | stories of how legendarily awful AT&T was to deal with.
               | My father has told me several. The antitrust action made
               | things better for regular people by allowing them to do
               | things like buy their own handsets or haggle over price.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | What telecom today will actually haggle
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | They won't haggle with consumers, but for large business
               | customers the prices and other terms are absolutely
               | negotiable.
        
               | smcin wrote:
               | All of them, in regions where they don't have a vertical
               | monopoly. You can negotiate away installation fees and
               | monthly package pricing on DSL, TV, internet phone...
               | also sometimes get a no-contract deal instead of locking
               | in for 24/28 mths with the dreaded ETF which is a large
               | part of Comcast's profitability.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | As the other person said, you must be young.
               | 
               | They are disliked now as much as they were disliked then.
               | Except back then they charged you a hell of a lot for
               | long distance.
        
           | efavdb wrote:
           | "Monopolies should be broken up" doesn't imply we should
           | disincentivize research though, does it?
        
             | thatguy0900 wrote:
             | I think the implication is that in a high competition area
             | Noone has the spare funds for massive research projects
             | that may go nowhere
        
             | freejazz wrote:
             | No. And?
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | > it was a good thing AT&T was dismantled
           | 
           | Citation needed. I hear this repeated, but the consumer
           | experience was it was split into regional monopolies, and
           | consumers now had to deal with both local and long distance,
           | and both were still monopolies. It only got better with
           | competition from mobile providers.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | Long distance rates when down.
             | 
             | https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/att-breakup-
             | spin...
        
             | gopher_space wrote:
             | The consumer experience was AT&T telling you to go fuck
             | yourself. Everyone hated them with a burning passion.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | Long distance was not a monopoly once competitors came
             | along that provided better and cheaper service, all before
             | the rise of mobile.
        
             | com wrote:
             | I was looking for a citation and instead found a number of
             | vague or biased papers.
             | 
             | Suprisingly there's an archived DoJ page that says that the
             | same remedies may have been much cheaper to achieve through
             | other means.
             | 
             | https://www.justice.gov/archives/atr/att-divestiture-was-
             | it-...
             | 
             | YMMV. I don't agree with the narrowness of this analysis,
             | and would like to see some links to academic studies in
             | economics and the study of innovation tbh.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | Bell Labs being defunded by a deregulated/competetive AT&T
           | was precisely what led to the attempted commercialization of
           | Unix and the near death of what would eventually be called
           | "open source", though. In history as it stands, we had GNU
           | and Linux and all that we lost was a few years.
           | 
           | But it's easy to imagine a world where that didn't happen and
           | BSD was just killed dead. So no OS X, no iOS, no Android, no
           | ChromeOS, and the only vendor able to stand on its own is the
           | one we all agree had the worst product.
           | 
           | Ironically the world where the Bell monopoly was left in
           | place seems to me to be one where we're all stuck running
           | Microsoft Windows on everything, no?
           | 
           | I mean, fine, there's nuance to everything but the idea that
           | "well, open research isn't so important" seems frankly
           | batshit to me. Monopolies fall on their own all the time
           | (Microsoft's did too!). You can't get stuff into the public
           | space that wasn't ever there to begin with.
        
             | throwaway173738 wrote:
             | You're making the assumption that only corporations can
             | fund or perform basic research. But the transistor was
             | actually the culmination of decades of research by
             | materials scientists and physicists in university and other
             | labs into semiconductors before anyone realized there were
             | applications.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | >Monopolies fall on their own all the time (Microsoft's did
             | too!)
             | 
             | What in the heck are you talking about??? After Microsoft
             | was convicted, even though they never received any actual
             | punishment, the were very internally cautions about any
             | behaviors that could be perceived as monopolistic. This is
             | like a total misinterpretation of what actually occurred on
             | your part.
             | 
             | And yes, monopolies do fall, _after very long periods of
             | time_. Some monopoly sitting around 25 years may not seem
             | like much, but that 's half an average persons working
             | life.
        
           | sanderjd wrote:
           | I'm pretty sympathetic to both sides of this. I don't really
           | know the history well enough to say whether you're right that
           | breaking up AT&T "helped lead to the modern internet". But
           | even stipulating that it did, the loss of monopoly era Bell
           | Labs was tragic.
           | 
           | Both things can be true! It's entirely possible (probable
           | even) that breaking up monopolies has both positive and
           | negative impact.
           | 
           | And I would be a _lot_ more sympathetic if we had a lot more
           | public investment in technology. But we don 't. What I see is
           | both public and private research investment under major
           | attack. I think that's a recipe for disaster.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | There's actually a pretty solid argument to be made that the
           | railways were never more effective than during the days of
           | Rockefeller, when he could throw his money around to force
           | otherwise-competing railways to optimize their work in an
           | industry that has some fundamental strong incentives to be
           | non-competitive (it rarely makes any sense to run two rail
           | lines purely for competition reasons and leads to a race to
           | the bottom on pricing).
           | 
           | ... but that's more a story of the failure of the US
           | government to go _far enough_ and nationalize the rail
           | network and its operations. The most efficient era of US rail
           | was during World War II, when the military took it over and
           | prioritized schedules by optimal throughput over profit
           | concerns.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | Yes, large monopolistic corporations can spend large amounts of
         | money on, presumably, completely unmonetizable research.
         | 
         | Nevertheless anti-Trust law exists because of the belief that
         | monopolies should not exist and that it is the governments
         | function to dismantle monopolies. The consequence of that is
         | that corporations who can freely spend hundreds of millions on
         | basic research will be dismantled as well, as happened with
         | AT&T, and the funding for the basic research will cease.
         | 
         | >YC is arguing that their incentive for funding that basic
         | research should be taken away in order to spur innovation?
         | 
         | No. That is _the stance of the government_. YC is arguing that
         | the remedies the government is seeking are appropriate.
        
         | thomastjeffery wrote:
         | _Researchers at_ Google are the reason for the current AI boom.
         | 
         | FTFY
        
           | tucnak wrote:
           | Potato potato
        
         | oceanplexian wrote:
         | > Without the transformer architecture they invented by funding
         | basic research, there would be no modern LLMs.
         | 
         | Without Google the researchers who invented the Transformers
         | model might have launched their own startup instead of sitting
         | on the technology for 5 years while it's mismanaged at a big
         | company. We would have had LLMs in 2018 not 2022.
        
           | riku_iki wrote:
           | Actually, most researchers of transformer paper founded
           | various startups.
        
           | oofbaroomf wrote:
           | A little bit unrelated, but the rise of Transformers in 2022
           | was because of the compute available - in 2018, it would have
           | been almost impossible to make something like GPT-4.
        
         | riku_iki wrote:
         | > Without the transformer architecture they invented by funding
         | basic research, there would be no modern LLMs.
         | 
         | one could argue that transformers are nothing without attention
         | layer, which was not invented at google.
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | > YC is arguing that their incentive for funding that basic
         | research should be taken away in order to spur innovation?
         | 
         | Ma Bell is arguing that Bell labs has been a fountain of
         | knowledge everyone admires and has contributed tremendously to
         | the advancement of telecommunication systems.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | Kings and nobles funded many scientists, do want to take their
         | money and power away?
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | Isn't this actually an argument for breaking up Google?
         | 
         | They came up with Transformers back in 2014 and sat on it for a
         | decade until somebody else (OpenAI) forced their hand?
        
         | ldjkfkdsjnv wrote:
         | Yup. Arguably could not have invented the transformer without
         | the resources of a behemoth like google
        
           | beagle3 wrote:
           | Juergen Schmidhuber and his students came up with much of the
           | basic NN elements, such as RNN, LSTM and others without
           | behemoth resources (and several years earlier). Ttbomk, the
           | one thing they DIDN'T come up with was the transformer;
           | however it is very likely someone would have within a 5-10
           | year time frame.
        
             | ldjkfkdsjnv wrote:
             | I well aware of Schmidhuber, still the scaling of the
             | compute was critical. The reason Schmidhuber didnt go all
             | the way is still scaling/capital, which accrues to
             | monopolies who can afford wildly speculative research.
             | Also, LSTM, RNN, etc, while effective for their time, were
             | dead ends.
        
               | beagle3 wrote:
               | compute was critical, but compute was happening anyway. I
               | fail to say why you are convinced that there would not be
               | transformers.
        
         | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure we didn't need a global Monopoly on the
         | Internet to come up with the paper "attention is all you need"
         | written by eight people.
        
       | hu3 wrote:
       | These are the key points as I understand them:
       | 
       | Amicus curiae (friend of the court) brief is being submitted by Y
       | Combinator to pile on the US vs Google anti-trust case.
       | 
       | YC asks court to basically cripple Google in their Search,
       | Advertising and AI endeavours:
       | 
       | - Open access to Google's datasets and search index.
       | 
       | - Restrict Google's expansion into AI through monopolistic
       | practices.
       | 
       | - Limit Google exclusive agreements and pay-to-play distribution
       | deals.
       | 
       | - Enforce anti-circumvention and anti-retaliation mechanisms.
       | 
       | IMO, from a VC standpoint, it's in YC's interest to give their
       | privately funded startups the best chance possible to thrive. If
       | that includes destroying solid giants of the industry, so be it.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | Would YC have said the same if Google was YC funded? As much as
         | I dislike Google I think some of the stuff they are asking are
         | basically asking google to give up on ad or certain business.
        
           | DrillShopper wrote:
           | Of course they wouldn't. If it puts green in Paul Graham's
           | pocket then YC is all for it.
        
         | ants_everywhere wrote:
         | Are they considering the ramifications of encouraging courts to
         | let businesses loot their rivals for profit?
         | 
         | Seems like the court system may not be the best way to compete
        
           | koolba wrote:
           | They're probably advising a startup that does exactly that as
           | a service. Lawfare-as-a-service would have incredible
           | margins!
        
         | bubblethrow wrote:
         | Call me paranoid but I wonder if YC is acting as a proxy for
         | OpenAI/Sam Altman here. To frame it differently would they
         | behave similarly if OpenAI was a Google Subsidiary / or Google
         | was run by Sam Altman.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | To quote tomhoward's post on here talking about YC's
           | relationship with OpenAI:
           | 
           | OK, it was independent but established with funding from YC
           | Research and Jessica (among others including Sam himself and
           | Elon) and initially operating from YC office space.
           | 
           | So it was always something that was closely linked to YC and
           | his involvement with it was generally accepted as being
           | harmonious with his role running YC, until it became for-
           | profit.
           | 
           | Details here: https://www.wired.com/2015/12/how-elon-musk-
           | and-y-combinator...
        
       | ldjkfkdsjnv wrote:
       | This is just a few rich venture capitalists, and the harvard
       | trained founders they back, trying to line their own pockets. AI
       | will democratize search regardless
        
         | jrmg wrote:
         | _AI will democratize search regardless_
         | 
         | What do you mean by this and how will it happen?
        
           | ldjkfkdsjnv wrote:
           | companies like perplexity, as the models get better,
           | competing on search will be trivial
        
             | benoau wrote:
             | Agreed. Because really what happens when we search is we
             | run through a gauntlet of contrived websites stuffed with
             | ads and trackers and referral links, selling someone else's
             | stuff, splitting someone else's content across multiple
             | page views, requiring your personal information if you want
             | to view the content in its entirety, trying their best to
             | be the #1 result for specific phrases that will get traffic
             | even though shovelware sites should never be the
             | authoritative source for someone else's product or company
             | or content, while others pay to have their contrived
             | websites be listed before them. None of this is necessary
             | with AI.
        
           | azemetre wrote:
           | It usually means that they will somehow rat fuck the public
           | commons for monetary gain.
           | 
           | Democratic software means three things:
           | 
           | 1. Can you understand it
           | 
           | 2. Can you influence it both now and after your death
           | 
           | 3. Can you destroy it
           | 
           | I don't see how any of these things apply to AI, I'm sure it
           | will make some people incredibly wealthy at the expense of
           | others.
        
         | almostgotcaught wrote:
         | > AI will democratize search regardless
         | 
         | Not a single person in this entire ecosystem knows the
         | difference between democratize and liberalize. Hint: AI isn't
         | gonna let us vote on aspects of search.
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Google is a "monopoly" because their competitors with massive
       | cash reserves (Microsoft, Apple, Meta) are too risk averse to
       | compete in the marketplace and are hoping that the courtroom will
       | deliver them a win.
        
         | voytec wrote:
         | No. The US vs. Google antitrust cases scope are Google's
         | monopolistic practices in the search and adtech markets, not
         | the browser market. The DOJ pushing for Google to sell Chrome
         | is related to the search-related case.
        
         | slater wrote:
         | Am I misremembering, or doesn't Apple already have its own
         | "stealth" search engine they could deploy at the drop of a hat,
         | but instead use it as a bargaining chip w/ Google? Coulda sworn
         | I read about it a decade ago in breathless "Is Apple working on
         | its own search engine???" articles
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | Which market are you talking about specifically? The
         | outstanding cases against them are in search and in adtech.
         | This amicus brief is for the Search case (this one [0]).
         | 
         | In search (the relevant market here), Microsoft _does_ compete
         | in the marketplace, and Microsoft 's evidence that Google's
         | anticompetitive practices have prevented them from gaining any
         | meaningful ground in search were a keystone of the government's
         | case, including the fact that Microsoft has invested nearly
         | $100 billion into Bing [1].
         | 
         | In adtech much the same can be said about Meta.
         | 
         | So, again, I'm curious: in which market does Google _not_ have
         | competitors spending massive amounts of cash which Google still
         | manages to hold back from being able to meaningfully compete?
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.223...
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.223...
        
           | drivebyhooting wrote:
           | Bing has a brand problem.
        
             | KHRZ wrote:
             | You have been a bad user. Bing has been a good Bing.
        
               | drivebyhooting wrote:
               | Bing sounds to my ears ridiculous. Is it a Chinese
               | pancake? Or Mr. Bing?
               | 
               | Also as a verb it's hard to pronounce.
        
           | aoeusnth1 wrote:
           | all that would make sense, but Bing is worse. Wasting money
           | building a bad product does not entitle you to market share.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | That's (a) a different argument than the competition is
             | "too risk averse", (b) subjective, and (c) arguably the
             | result of a number of flywheel effects. That is, Bing's
             | ability to compete is hampered by the fact that Google
             | already has an overwhelming majority of search traffic from
             | which to learn and improve.
             | 
             | For example, from the second filing I linked to:
             | 
             | > After search began appearing on phones, Google started
             | logging information about user location, swipes, and other
             | user-related movements. PFOF PP 1003-1004. This data is now
             | vital to every aspect of search, including figuring out
             | where and when to crawl specific websites, how to index the
             | information retrieved from that crawl, what documents to
             | retrieve from the index in response to a user query, and
             | how to rank the retrieved items. Some elements of Google's
             | search engine are trained on 13 months of data--a volume
             | that would take Bing over 17 years to accumulate.
        
             | BobbyJo wrote:
             | Also, what is Bing's retention on windows? They try to cram
             | it down your throat, but people still go straight for
             | chrome/google.
        
           | aoeusnth1 wrote:
           | That argument might make sense if Bing was as good, but Bing
           | is worse. Wasting money building a bad product does not
           | entitle you to market share.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | You just left two comments that say the same thing. I
             | replied to the one you left first.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43946577
        
           | luckydata wrote:
           | Do you not understand that a search engine is not a business
           | by itself? I'm struggling to understand why so many
           | supposedly smart people don't seem to grasp the obvious fact
           | that Google can only exist in the current form or not at all
           | and that any viable business of the same form has to look the
           | same. Chrome is not a self standing viable business. YouTube
           | is definitely not one either. Ads only works because the
           | search engine exists. The search engine without ads would be
           | a money pit. It's a synergistic business.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | This argument can be made about nearly any anticompetitive
             | monopoly, and that should not stop the government from
             | deciding that, if the business can only exist in its
             | current form, then the business should not exist.
             | 
             | You're not entitled to a business model if your business
             | model is harmful.
        
               | Ajedi32 wrote:
               | What evidence do you have that their business model is
               | harmful? As a consumer search seems like an extremely
               | healthy sector right now with plenty of competition.
               | Google just happens to be by far the best.
               | 
               | What exactly do you think is stopping you from using a
               | competitor? Can you not find the setting to change your
               | default search engine in Chrome? Is Google blocking you
               | from making that choice somehow? All the arguments I've
               | seen for Google being anti-competitive in this sector are
               | extremely weak.
        
           | bdangubic wrote:
           | _Microsoft does compete in the marketplace_
           | 
           | They compete much like I compete for People's Most Beautiful
           | Man in the World :)
        
         | georgeecollins wrote:
         | A shareholder in those companies wouldn't support it. You could
         | easily spend $10b trying to win back a fraction of the search
         | market and Google could just spend $10b back to greater effect
         | to bury you. Google is entrenched at every level: consumer
         | awareness, browser, SEO, advertisers, ad-tech.
        
         | timewizard wrote:
         | A country as large and prosperous as the United States should
         | have more than 4 providers. We should have more than 3 cellular
         | companies. We should have more than 8 major ISPs.
         | 
         | These are monopolies. You might not see it because the economy
         | is so _over monopolized_ it's hard to have perspective.
         | 
         | YCombinator loves to pretend it invented the idea of startups
         | and entreprenourism but those have been vigorous and healthy
         | throughout _most_ of America's existence. When they weren't we
         | wrote some of the most comprehensive and consumer friendly
         | anti-trust laws in the entire world. A feat which still stands
         | today.
        
           | light_hue_1 wrote:
           | We don't have 8 major ISPs. That's a joke.
           | 
           | We have 8 monoplies that live together.
           | 
           | I have never once lived in a house where I had a choice of
           | ISP in the US (unless you count getting a mobile router).
        
       | brap wrote:
       | It's amazing how twisted the term "anti-competitive" has become.
       | Where anti-competitive companies push for anti-competitive
       | regulations under the false pretense of preventing anti-
       | competitiveness.
       | 
       | Google is being competitive.
       | 
       | YC is being anti-competitive.
       | 
       | Because they suck at competing against Google and they want to
       | get unfair, unethical advantage _themselves_.
       | 
       | Imagine spending years and billions building something and then I
       | show up and say "hey man that's not fair, give me a slice of that
       | thing for free. Oh and also I'm probably going to sell it back to
       | you someday for a lot of money".
       | 
       | And before someone tells me "that's the law", I don't care. If
       | that's the law then it should be changed. Laws have been written
       | (and lobbied) for all sorts of reasons and surprisingly not all
       | of them are fair and ethical.
        
         | caesil wrote:
         | It's amazing how twisted the term "anti-competitive" has
         | become. Where anti-competitive companies push for anti-
         | competitive regulations under the false pretense of preventing
         | anti-competitiveness.
         | 
         | Standard Oil is being competitive.
         | 
         | The U.S. oil refining and distribution industry is being anti-
         | competitive.
         | 
         | Because they suck at competing against Standard Oil and they
         | want to get unfair, unethical advantage themselves.
         | 
         | Imagine spending years and billions building something and then
         | I show up and say "hey man that's not fair, give me a slice of
         | that thing".
         | 
         | And before someone tells me "that's the Sherman Act", I don't
         | care. If that's the law then it should be changed. Laws have
         | been written (and lobbied) for all sorts of reasons and
         | surprisingly not all of them are fair and ethical.
         | 
         | (I hope this illustrates how easy it is to make this exact
         | argument about literally any monopoly.)
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | Google benefits at scale from infrastructure, systems and laws
         | that create the opportunity to make such revenues. It is only
         | natural they should not harm the host.
        
       | Workaccount2 wrote:
       | Meanwhile, YC has happily and excitedly fed it's start-ups to
       | Google over the years.
       | 
       | So pretty much "We don't want google to develop new things, we
       | want them to have buy those from us"
        
         | redczar wrote:
         | Can YC prevent startups from selling to Google? Even if they
         | could why should they? There is nothing wrong with believing
         | Google abuses its monopoly and selling to Google.
        
           | BobbyJo wrote:
           | They could almost certainly prevent it in most cases, and
           | they likely promote it in some.
        
             | redczar wrote:
             | I don't see how they could prevent a sale since they own
             | such a small percent of the startup.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | What YC is complaining about is that they've been turned into
         | Google's farm league.
         | 
         | The thing is, Google doesn't develop anything new. Everything
         | new they make fails horribly, so they can't and don't compete
         | with YC in the way that you think.
         | 
         | Examples of failed Google homegrown technologies include:
         | 
         | - Social media: Google Buzz, Google+
         | 
         | - Messaging: Google Chat, Hangouts, actually there's too many
         | to list
         | 
         | - Video: Google Video
         | 
         | Almost all of Google's successful products are acquisitions:
         | 
         | - Homegrown: Search, Gmail
         | 
         | - Acquisitions: YouTube, Analytics, most of their adtech stack,
         | Android, DeepBrain (the people who did all the AI work at
         | Google)
         | 
         | Furthermore, whenever Google or Facebook buys any startup, that
         | startup gets an immediate moat and capital injection that can
         | be used to crush any other startup that didn't sell out fast
         | enough. So YC only has one option for an exit: sell the company
         | to Google at a price Google decides.
        
           | scarmig wrote:
           | > DeepBrain (the people who did all the AI work at Google)
           | 
           | "DeepBrain" isn't a thing. Google acquired DeepMind, which
           | was the second biggest research lab in AI at the time. The
           | first biggest was Google Brain. They existed in parallel
           | until being merged in 2023.
           | 
           | Brain was entirely homegrown, and it was responsible for
           | AIAYN, BERT, PaLM. Which is to say, transformers.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | a) If YC was so tired of being a funnel to larger companies
           | then they should be selecting companies based on their
           | ability to be self sustaining companies. Not this hype-
           | driven, boom or bust approach to startups they know VCs and
           | acquirers want.
           | 
           | b) Google Cloud, Gemini, TPUs, Pixel etc seem like pretty
           | important products to me.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | > _Meanwhile, YC has happily and excitedly fed it 's start-ups
         | to Google over the years._
         | 
         | I'm curious what you've seen or heard that led you to that
         | conclusion? It's the opposite of correct.
         | 
         | YC supports what founders want, including if they want to sell
         | to $BigCo, but such outcomes are hardly successes for YC. YC's
         | success depends on outlier companies growing much larger than
         | that.
        
       | bionhoward wrote:
       | Google is David and OpenAI is Goliath, excessively nerfing Google
       | will put us all at the mercy of closed AI.
       | 
       | Gemini (the app, not the API or AI studio) is one of the few
       | places where we can use frontier generative AI without a
       | "customer noncompete" (you know, the one where they compete with
       | us and then say we're not allowed to compete back) ... if you use
       | Claude or OpenAI or Grok, you're prohibited from training on your
       | chat logs, or even using the thing to develop AI. Not so with
       | Gemini app.
       | 
       | Too bad you have to lose your chat history just to deactivate
       | model training ("Gemini apps activity" conflates opt-out of
       | training with opt-out of storing chat history)
       | 
       | I don't know much about the ads space but I just hope going after
       | Google doesn't create a vacuum that gets filled by an even worse
       | monopoly (OpenAI)
        
         | azemetre wrote:
         | Really odd that the trillionaire dollar corporation that prints
         | billions of dollars in pure profit every quarter due to
         | monopolistic and anti-democratic policies is the David, the
         | weak feeble underdog in this story, compared to OpenAI that is
         | wildly unprofitable and has no real strategy outside of burning
         | money.
         | 
         | There has been no time in human history where destroying
         | monopolies were a bad thing.
        
           | bionhoward wrote:
           | Isn't Microsoft also a trillion dollar corporation? If we add
           | their 39% market share in foundation models (likely due to
           | enterprise use of Azure OpenAI Service) to OpenAI's 9% market
           | share, the result is around 48% market share, compared to
           | Google's 15%, which is less than half of the MSFT/OAI
           | pair...not to mention a cursory comparison of Gemini vs
           | ChatGPT apps.
           | 
           | Just because OpenAI isn't in "extraction mode" yet doesn't
           | mean it's not a scary monopoly.
           | 
           | Source, figure 2 in: [1] https://iot-analytics.com/leading-
           | generative-ai-companies/
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Yes, Microsoft is one of the world's biggest companies, and
             | it underinvests in research and development, preferring to
             | hoard cash. OpenAI is in effect a client state of Microsoft
             | that Microsoft is using to make Google look flat-footed and
             | force them to enter the chatbot market. Nothing that
             | transpires between Microsoft and OpenAI is really at arms'
             | length. Personally, I don't think this is a positive
             | development for the industry or for humanity in generally.
             | We were doing better before we had sycophantic robots
             | confidently misleading us.
        
               | keeda wrote:
               | _> Yes, Microsoft is one of the world 's biggest
               | companies, and it underinvests in research and
               | development, preferring to hoard cash._
               | 
               | I'm not sure if you're being sarcastic, but:
               | 
               | 1. If you're talking about basic research, Microsoft
               | Research has been a thing since the 90's, is highly
               | prestigious, and has published far more papers than
               | Google, based on their respective research websites. (To
               | be fair, Google started much later.)
               | 
               | 2. If you're talking about product development, MSFT is
               | vastly more diversified in terms of revenues than any of
               | the "Magnificent 7" because of their varied product
               | lineup.
               | 
               | 3. The basis of their relationship with OpenAI is
               | literally them investing double digit billions to catch
               | up on the AI race once they recognized the opportunity.
               | 
               |  _> OpenAI is in effect a client state of Microsoft that
               | Microsoft is using to make Google look flat-footed and
               | force them to enter the chatbot market._
               | 
               | I'm not sure about Microsoft's influence in OpenAI's
               | strategy, but it's pretty clear Google was caught
               | flatfooted by their own strategy of locking away
               | transformer technology behind products that didn't
               | threaten their search monopoly. There's a reason the
               | researchers who invented transformers had to leave and
               | start a different company to bring its true potential to
               | the market. Which, even if it was just a chatbot, is what
               | has kicked off the AI boom.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Everyone I've encountered thinks of Microsoft Research as
               | a bad pattern, that includes all the refugees from MSR
               | Silicon Valley who joined Google after Microsoft
               | dissolved it in 2014. Perhaps it is a bias of the people
               | I've worked with in my career but the core early
               | contributors at Google who came from DEC WRL also viewed
               | separate research divisions as a bad idea.
               | 
               | Anyway my statement was meant to be objective. Look at
               | how much Microsoft spends on R&D for the last 25 years,
               | compared to the amount Google spends, in absolute terms
               | and as a fraction of revenues.
        
               | keeda wrote:
               | Having a separate research division being an anti-pattern
               | is an interesting topic! I remember getting into a
               | related discussion almost a decade ago with a professor
               | who left academia to join Google, his point being
               | product-driven R&D was strictly "better" than "bluesky"
               | R&D because (IIRC) the work is more directly related to
               | market needs.
               | 
               | My contention was that this ignores the transformative
               | potential of long-range theoretical research. For
               | instance, somehow very few consider Xerox PARC to be an
               | anti-pattern.
               | 
               | From what I hear in the last few years even MSR has
               | changed its ways to steer its research more in line with
               | needs of product divisions, and I actually consider that
               | a loss. Who knows what paradigm-shifting inventions like
               | GenAI are being steered away from?
               | 
               | > Look at how much Microsoft spends on R&D for the last
               | 25 years, compared to the amount Google spends, in
               | absolute terms and as a fraction of revenues.
               | 
               | Hmm, at the risk of relying on sycophantic bots, AI
               | overviews suggest most recently Microsoft spent 13.2% of
               | revenues vs 14.8% for Google (and 30% for Meta!) Of
               | course even a single % point is in the millions at their
               | scale, but there are a ton of confounding factors
               | including differing product margins and payscales (and
               | CEO obsessions like Metaverse!) At least at a quick
               | glance MSFT and GOOG seem comparable.
               | 
               | The problem here is how "R&D" is defined. Unfortunately,
               | even day-to-day product development is lumped in with
               | R&D. I've done "R&D" in academia, private research firms,
               | and big tech, and they are all poles apart. "Actual" R&D
               | is very researchy, often based in discovering new aspects
               | of reality, whereas "product" R&D is just regular product
               | development. Which could be considered discovering new
               | aspects of the market I suppose. They are both valuable
               | but on very differnt timelines.
        
             | azemetre wrote:
             | Maybe MSFT is King Saul in your biblical metaphor.
        
         | jeremyjh wrote:
         | OpenAI is hardly a Goliath. It has no real moat, and is trying
         | to build a business around a feature. But other businesses
         | already have platforms with billions of users to deploy those
         | features to.
        
           | nicce wrote:
           | As others have pointed out, we should see the forest from the
           | trees. Microsoft is a huge OpenAI redistributor, also Apple.
           | Everyone knows "ChatGPT". While the company size might not be
           | monopoly, based on a larger userbase, it is.
        
       | nickfromseattle wrote:
       | How much blame do we assign Sundar for this outcome? Yes, he was
       | just continuing where Larry / Sergey left off, but it did happen
       | under his watch.
       | 
       | Is there anything he could have done to avoid this outcome? In a
       | way that Google shareholders would have found acceptable?
       | 
       | Or was this outcome inevitable?
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | Yes. Sundar could have fought harder against the internal
         | forces that thought cloud was just a fad and made Google a
         | stronger player in Cloud. Then, Google would not have been as
         | reliant on search/ads.
        
         | hshshshshsh wrote:
         | Did the laws of physics change or something before Sundar
         | became CEO?
         | 
         | NO? Yeah. I thought so as well
         | 
         | Then the outcome was inevitable.
        
       | xiphias2 wrote:
       | AI is the most competitive and healthy large industry I have
       | seen. Having a search index helps just like having tweets for
       | x.ai, but data isn't the deciding factor.
        
         | fundaThree wrote:
         | It's not the deciding factor _yet_. You can bet the IP hammer
         | is going to swing in again once the big players have been
         | decided just to keep the small players out.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Competitive maybe. Healthy almost certainly not. My definition
         | for healthy industries is being able to fund operations and
         | development either by revenues or debt. Not by continuously
         | raising capital from investors and then burning it on hardware
         | and operating costs.
        
         | Seattle3503 wrote:
         | > but data isn't the deciding factor.
         | 
         | That remains to be seen. The fear is that Google can leverage
         | its large search index to produce better LLM experiences and
         | win in that market too.
        
       | beambot wrote:
       | This feels a bit like cutting off your nose to spite your face...
       | 
       | Unlike Microsoft's antitrust case of the 90s, Google seems much
       | less anti-competitive by nature. Sure, they have unprecedented
       | scale in search... but even that hegemony is being threatened by
       | others in AI.
       | 
       | If anything, going after Google with a DoJ kludgel will cause a
       | servere freeze on startup M&A across all of FAANG. With IPO
       | windows (mostly) closed, this removes the biggest exit dynamic
       | the startup ecosystem has at its disposal. This is not a good
       | thing from my perspective, and would seem counter to YC's
       | interests.
       | 
       | Someone steelman this for me...?
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | > seems much less anti-competitive by nature
         | 
         | It _seems_ much less, but I don 't believe it _is_ much less
         | anticompetitive. We 're talking about the search market
         | specifically in this case, and the government has presented
         | strong evidence that Google is:
         | 
         | * Using its position in other markets (browser, mobile) to
         | ensure that others can't compete in search.
         | 
         | * Paying the major _other_ vendors in those markets (browser,
         | mobile) enormous sums of money to ensure that ~100% of the
         | market share in both markets is used to prop up their lead in
         | search.
         | 
         | Both of these things are pretty blatantly anticompetitive:
         | they're competing not primarily based on the quality of their
         | product offering but instead based on their pre-existing
         | revenue streams and their leads in other markets.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | Google is now a basic utility. Unless you don't believe in
         | basic public goods, allowing equitable access to the utility
         | benefits everyone, especially businesses.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Public goods is an economics term with an actual meaning, and
           | it has nothing to do with public utilities.
           | 
           | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/public-good.asp
        
             | rexpop wrote:
             | Interesting distinction!
             | 
             | Utilities and infrastructure can be considered public goods
             | insofar as they have the characteristics of non-rivalry and
             | non-excludability, meaning that one person's use of them
             | does not diminish another person's ability to use them and
             | it is difficult to prevent others from using them even if
             | they have not contributed to their provision.
             | 
             | However, utilities _are_ typically excludable (service can
             | be cut off for non-payment) and rivalrous to some extent
             | (there are capacity limits and usage can impact others), so
             | they are better classified as private or quasi-public
             | goods.
             | 
             | So why is this idea so prevalent: that public goods should
             | be public utilities?
             | 
             | A key driver behind the transformation of some public goods
             | into regulated public utilities seems to be the theory of
             | "natural monopoly," which posits that certain industries
             | are most efficiently served by a single provider, making
             | competition impractical or wasteful. Then in 1919 the
             | economic theory of public goods, notably developed by Erik
             | Lindahl, further contributed to the myth by arguing that
             | public goods should be funded through taxation based on
             | individual benefit. This reinforced the notion that the
             | government should organize and finance such goods, often
             | through public utility models.
             | 
             | So I wouldn't say public goods have _nothing_ to do with
             | public utilities.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Fair, definitionally they are entirely distinct. In the
               | real world, the concepts interact. The number one in
               | distinct from the number two, but they relate and
               | interact in a vast number of ways.
               | 
               | As it relates to Google search, I think it is very
               | difficult to construct an argument that search is a
               | natural monopoly. There's no limitations on parallel
               | processes the way there are with roads or railroads or
               | electric infrastructure. In fact, people have access to a
               | long list of competitors at all times.
               | 
               | You can make it much better case that they are engaging
               | in monopolistic practices, which is a claim very
               | different from a natural constraint
        
             | fc417fc802 wrote:
             | > it has nothing to do with public utilities.
             | 
             | This doesn't follow from the linked article. Taxes can be
             | levied in various ways, oftentimes related to usage.
             | Involving a private entity doesn't suddenly change the
             | nature of the thing. There's a marked difference between a
             | sack of flour and my electric meter.
             | 
             | We as a society decide to make certain things into public
             | goods. This is frequently the choice for natural
             | monopolies.
             | 
             | Critiquing the article you linked - when taken literally
             | non-rivalrous applies to approximately nothing. Non-
             | excludability is simply a matter of law, which is a matter
             | of what the voting public wants.
        
           | HaZeust wrote:
           | Public goods are non-excludable (impossible to prevent anyone
           | from using the good) and non-rivalrous (one person's use
           | doesn't diminish the availability for others). Google doesn't
           | match the criteria.
        
             | photonthug wrote:
             | Interesting definition. This applies to almost literally
             | nothing except Jefferson's candle and IP. Actual literal
             | fire is considered worthless and IP is bazillions of
             | dollars of closely guarded secrets. Public transits,
             | seemingly unlimited water sources, or neighborhood parks
             | all suffer from overcrowding so this diminishing
             | availability thing is tough to meet
        
             | fc417fc802 wrote:
             | You've cherrypicked the phrase "public good" and applied an
             | out of context definition that doesn't fit. The thing being
             | discussed was public utilities. Those are a sort of public
             | good in the same sense that public parks, public libraries,
             | and free education are all public goods.
             | 
             | The local electric utility isn't "non-excludable" (unless
             | you ignore criminal law) but it is certainly a public
             | utility, a natural monopoly, and public good by most
             | metrics. The vast majority of jurisdictions regulate it
             | accordingly.
        
         | felineflock wrote:
         | YC should benefit most from an ecosystem where distribution
         | channels (search, ads, etc) are not monopolized.
         | 
         | Startups ideally should compete on merit, not on whether they
         | are eventually allowed access to Google's platforms or get
         | acquired. Startups can still exit via IPO, PE acquisition,
         | cross-industry buyers or M&A.
         | 
         | From this POV, Google's control over the adtech stack may be
         | seen as gatekeeping digital advertising, which many YC
         | companies rely on.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | Google killed the Edge browser with the same tricks MS used.
         | 
         | The use money and Google Play services to hinder competition.
         | 
         | Not really less anti-competitive.
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | By one measure, Edge has 5% market share, twice that of
           | Firefox.
           | 
           | On Desktop it's 13%, which is second place.
           | 
           | https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-
           | share/desktop/worl...
        
             | fc417fc802 wrote:
             | Does that chart differentiate between before and after edge
             | internals became chromium though?
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | Does it matter? It seems like distribution is more
               | important than the internals.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | When people say that Google killed the Edge browser they
               | generally mean that MS gave up on maintaining their own
               | browser engine and the world moved that much closer to a
               | web monoculture. To put this in historical perspective, a
               | reskinned IE would not have been a meaningful or useful
               | competitor to IE.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | I don't think it's a meaningful comparison because
               | Microsoft has the resources to fork Chromium if they need
               | to. But since it works pretty well, there's little
               | incentive to do that. It would be like Electron forking
               | V8 for no reason.
        
             | const_cast wrote:
             | Corporate is a huge, huge part of this.
             | 
             | Lots of people working just use whatever browser is
             | preloaded. In addition, you can't even download another
             | browser in a lot of environments.
        
           | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
           | Anecdotal, but I wanted to give Edge a chance. I found out
           | that it is quite possibly the most feature-creep rich browser
           | on the market. Its sole purpose seems to be "let Microsoft
           | monitor your entire browsing experience".
           | 
           | I also feel like Microsoft's heavy handed dark patterns trick
           | less computer savvy people into using it, and those people
           | probably aren't aware of how much info Microsoft is
           | collecting about them. As a result, I seriously question that
           | Edge's market share is organic because people actually like
           | it.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | Google didn't kill the Edge browser, Microsoft gave up. If
           | Mozilla can have an independent from scratch browser,
           | Microsoft of all companies could have one too. It's just
           | easier and cheaper for them to rebrand Chromium and call it a
           | day.
           | 
           | And I'm not buying the argument that progress on the Web
           | (tech stack) should stop so that it's easier to make/maintain
           | a browser.
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | Some of us would have preferred for "progress" on the web
             | stack to have stopped about 20 years ago.
        
               | ewoodrich wrote:
               | I grew up in the dial-up era but personally think it's
               | _incredibly_ cool how I am able to use a full featured
               | IDE, flash an ESP-32 or my phone via USB, make low
               | latency Zoom /Teams calls with screen sharing, run
               | language agnostic bytecode and low level GPU access, all
               | in a highly secure sandbox on my Macbook, Linux/Windows
               | Thinkpad, tablet and phone.
        
       | r0m4n0 wrote:
       | As others have pointed out, YC is definitely trying to get some
       | of that Google money. Another important aspect that benefits YC
       | is a turn of events that would improve the talent pool. Google
       | retains tens of thousands of software engineers, I'd argue maybe
       | the biggest reserve in existence. It's the largest population of
       | experienced engineers that won't leave because the money and
       | circumstances are too good. Startups would benefit if these
       | circumstances changed
        
         | gnaman wrote:
         | that is not a google problem that is a big tech problem. people
         | move where the money is and the money flows to google easily
         | because ads is such a lucrative business. if you force the
         | talent pool to move off google, meta or amazon will easily
         | absorb them
        
           | r0m4n0 wrote:
           | More talent with less demand means lower wages and/or worse
           | benefits. My situation at Google can't be matched at Amazon
           | or Meta (remote work, pay, WLB, other benefits). I'd have to
           | compromise if the climate changes but not much will make me
           | leave... ever. I have a friend that has been trying to get me
           | to join a startup for years and the risk just isn't worth the
           | reward
        
       | hermannj314 wrote:
       | Is an Amicus brief just a way the legal profession sells ad space
       | in high profile cases?
       | 
       | You pay a lawyer a few thousand bucks to write some populist
       | bromides you get to slap your name in the news. Seems like a good
       | ROI.
        
       | snielson wrote:
       | The solution proposed by Kagi--separate the search index from the
       | rest of Google--seems to make the most sense. Kagi explains it
       | more here: https://blog.kagi.com/dawn-new-era-search
        
         | luckydata wrote:
         | It's such a ridiculous proposal that would completely destroy
         | Google's business. If that's the goal fine, but let's not
         | pretend that any of those remedies are anything beyond a death
         | sentence.
        
           | ketzo wrote:
           | Really? Google would still have an astonishingly large lead
           | in the ad markets.
        
             | riku_iki wrote:
             | Not sure how they could hold lead in case they lose search
             | traffic.
        
           | alabastervlog wrote:
           | If they're dominating or one of only two or three important
           | options in _multiple other areas_ and the index is the only
           | reason... I mean, that 's a strong argument both that they're
           | monopolists _and_ that they 're terrible at allocating the
           | enormous amount of capital they have. That's really the only
           | thing keeping them around? All their other lines of business
           | _collectively_ aren 't enough to keep them alive? Yikes,
           | _scathing_ indictment.
        
           | riku_iki wrote:
           | > It's such a ridiculous proposal that would completely
           | destroy Google's business.
           | 
           | it won't. My bet is that bing and some other indexes are 95%
           | Ok for average Joe. But relevance ranking is much tougher
           | problem, and "google.com" is household brand with many other
           | functions(maps, news, stocks, weather, knowledge graph,
           | shopping, videos), and that's what is foundation of google
           | monopoly.
           | 
           | I think this shared index thing will actually kill
           | competition even more, since every players will use only
           | index owned by google now.
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | At this point, why are you so concerned about Google's
             | business?
             | 
             | This was 10 years ago. I could argue a moral Superior that
             | Google possessed over Microsoft and Facebook, but man those
             | days are looooooong gone.
        
           | const_cast wrote:
           | I don't know, I don't think it will.
           | 
           | I mean, they're still going to be the number 1 name in adtech
           | and analytics. And they're still gonna have pretty decent
           | personalized ads because of analytics.
           | 
           | Plus, that just one part of their business. There's also
           | Android, which is a money printing machine with the Google
           | Store (although that's under attack too).
        
         | mullingitover wrote:
         | Crawling the internet is a natural monopoly. Nobody wants an
         | endless stream of bots crawling their site, so googlebot wins
         | because they're the dominant search engine.
         | 
         | It makes sense to break that out so everyone has access to the
         | same dataset at FRAND pricing.
         | 
         | My heart just wants Google to burn to the ground, but my brain
         | says this is the more reasonable approach.
        
           | hkpack wrote:
           | Most of the tech is set for being a monopoly due to the
           | negligible variable cost associated with serving a customer.
           | 
           | Thus being even slightly in front of others is reinforced and
           | the gap only widens.
        
           | oceanplexian wrote:
           | > Crawling the internet is a natural monopoly.
           | 
           | How so?
           | 
           | A caching proxy costs you almost nothing and will serve
           | thousands of requests per second on ancient hardware.
           | Actually there's never been a better time in the history of
           | the Internet to have competing search engines since there's
           | never been so much abundance of performance, bandwidth, and
           | software available at historic low prices or for free.
        
             | stackskipton wrote:
             | Not everyone wants to deal with caching proxy because they
             | think the load on their site under normal operations is
             | fine if it's rendered server side.
        
             | Onavo wrote:
             | In the past month there were dozens of posts about using
             | proof of work and other methods to defeat crawlers. I don't
             | think most websites tolerate heavy crawling in the era of
             | Vercel/AWS's serverless "per request" and bandwidth
             | billing.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | You don't get to tell site owners what to do. The actual
             | facts on the ground are that they're trying to block your
             | bot. It would be nice if they didn't block your bot, but
             | the other, completely unnatural and advertising-driven,
             | monopoly of hosting providers with insane per-request costs
             | makes that impossible until they switch away.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | They try to block your bot _because_ Google is a monopoly
               | and there 's little to no cost for blocking everything
               | except Google.
               | 
               | This isn't a "natural" monopoly, it's more like Internet
               | Explorer 6.0 and everyone designing their sites to use
               | ActiveX and IE-specific quirks.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | One possible answer: pay them for their trouble until you
               | provide value to them, e.g. by paying some fraction of a
               | cent for each (document) request.
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | Cool, you wanna solve micropayments now or wait until
               | we've got cold fusion rolling first...?
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | > The actual facts on the ground are that they're trying
               | to block your bot
               | 
               | Based on what evidence.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Costs almost nothing, but returns even less.*
             | 
             | There are so many other bots/scrapers out there that
             | literally return zero that I don't blame site owners for
             | blocking all bots except googlebot.
             | 
             | Would it be nice if they also allowed altruist-bot or
             | common-crawler-bot? Maybe, but that's their call and a lot
             | of them have made it on a rational basis.
             | 
             | * - or is perceived to return
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | > that I don't blame site owners for blocking all bots
               | except googlebot.
               | 
               | I doubt this is happening outside of a few small hobbyist
               | websites where crawler traffic looks significant relative
               | to human traffic. Even among those, it's so common to
               | move to static hosting with essentially zero cost and/or
               | sign up for free tiers of CDNs that it's just not worth
               | it outside of edge cases like trying to host public-
               | facing Gitlab instances with large projects.
               | 
               | Even then, the ROI on setting up proper caching and rate
               | limiting far outweighs the ROI on trying to play whack-a-
               | mole with non-Google bots.
               | 
               | Even if someone did go to all the lengths to try to block
               | the majority of bots, I have a really hard time believing
               | they wouldn't take the extra 10 minutes to look up the
               | other major crawlers and put those on the allow list,
               | too.
               | 
               | This whole argument about sites going to great lengths to
               | block search indexers but then stopping just short of
               | allowing a couple more of the well-known ones feels like
               | mental gymnastics for a situation that doesn't occur.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | Regarding allowlisting the other major crawlers: I've
               | never seen any significant amount of traffic coming from
               | anything but Google or Bing. There's the occasional click
               | from one of the resellers (ecosia, brave search,
               | duckduckgo etc), but that's about it. Yahoo? haven't seen
               | them in ages, except in Japan. Baidu or Yandex? might be
               | relevant if you're in their primary markets, but I've
               | never seen them. Huawei's Petal Search? Apple Search?
               | Nothing. Ahrefs & friends? No need to crawl _my_ website,
               | even if I wanted to use them for competitor analysis.
               | 
               | So practically, there's very little value in allowing
               | those. I usually don't bother blocking them, but if my
               | content wasn't easy to cache, I probably would.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > sites going to great lengths to block search indexers
               | 
               | That's not it. They're going to great lengths to block
               | all bot traffic because of abusive and generally
               | incompetent actors chewing through their resources. I'll
               | cite that anubis has made the front page of HN several
               | times within the past couple months. It is far from the
               | first or only solution in that space, merely one of many
               | alternatives to the solutions provided by centralized
               | services such as cloudflare.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | > that I don't blame site owners for blocking all bots
               | except googlebot
               | 
               | I run a number of sites with decent traffic and the
               | amount of spam/scam requests outnumbers crawling bots
               | 1000 to 1.
               | 
               | I would guess that the number of sites allowing just
               | Googlebot is 0.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | https://commoncrawl.org/
           | 
           | This is similar to the natural monopoly of root DNS servers
           | (managed as a public good). There is no reason more money
           | couldn't go into either Common Crawl, or something like it.
           | The Internet Archive can persist the data for ~$2/GB in
           | perpetuity (although storing it elsewhere is also fine imho)
           | as the storage system of last resort. How you provide access
           | to this data is, I argue, similar to how access to science
           | datasets is provided by custodian institutions (examples
           | would be NOAA, CERN, etc).
           | 
           | Build foundations on public goods, very broadly speaking
           | (think OSI model, but for entire systems). This helps society
           | avoid the grasp of Big Tech and their endless desire to build
           | moats for value capture.
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | > The Internet Archive can persist the data for ~$2/GB in
             | perpetuity
             | 
             | No they can't but do you have a source?
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | https://help.archive.org/help/archive-org-information/
               | and first hand conversations with their engineering team
               | 
               | > We estimate that permanent storage costs us
               | approximately $2.00US per gigabyte.
               | 
               | https://webservices.archive.org/pages/vault/
               | 
               | > Vault offers a low-cost pricing model based on a one-
               | time price per-gigabyte/terabyte for data deposited in
               | the system, with no additional annual storage fees or
               | data egress costs.
               | 
               | https://blog.dshr.org/2017/08/economic-model-of-long-
               | term-st...
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | What's the read throughout to get the data back out, and
               | does it scale to what you'd need to have N search indexes
               | building on top of this shared crawl?
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | they could charge data processing costs for reads
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | One problem, it leaves one place to censor.
             | 
             | I agree that each front end should do it, but you can bet
             | it will be a core service.
        
             | sanderjd wrote:
             | Wait, is the suggestion here just about crawling and
             | storing the data? That's a very different thing than
             | "Google's search index"... And yeah, I would agree that it
             | is undifferentiated.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | If you have access to archived crawls, anyone can build
               | and serve an index, or model weights (gpt).
        
             | mullingitover wrote:
             | The problem with this is in the vein of `Requires immediate
             | total cooperation from everybody at once` if it's going to
             | replace googlebot. Everyone who only allows googlebot would
             | need to change and allow ccbot instead.
             | 
             | It's already the case that googlebot is the common
             | denominator bot that's allowed everywhere, ccbot not so
             | much.
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | I mean if it's created as part of setting the global
               | rules for the internet you could just make it opt out.
        
               | xp84 wrote:
               | Wouldn't a decent solution, if some action happened where
               | Google was divesting the crawler stuff, be to just do
               | like browser user agents have always done (in that case
               | multiple times to comical degrees)? Something like
               | 'Googlebot/3.1 (successor, CommonCrawl 1.0)'
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Lots of good replies to your comment already. I'd also
               | offer up Cloudflare offering the option to crawl customer
               | origins, with them shipping the compressed archives off
               | to Common Crawl for storage. This gives site admins and
               | owners control over the crawling, and reduces unnecessary
               | load as someone like Cloudflare can manage the crawler
               | worker queue and network shipping internally.
               | 
               | (Cloudflare customer, no other affiliation)
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | That says that if google switches over to ccbot then the
               | rest will follow.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | Hosting costs are so minimal today that I don't think
             | crawling is a natural monopoly. How much would it really
             | cost a site to be crawled by 100 search engines?
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | A potentially shocking amount depending on the desired
               | freshness if the bot isn't custom tailored per site. I
               | worked at a job posting site and Googlebot would nearly
               | take down our search infrastructure because it crawled
               | jobs via searching rather than the index.
               | 
               | Bots are typically tuned to work with generic sites over
               | crawling efficiently.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Where is the cost coming from? Wouldn't a crawler mostly
               | just accessing cached static assets served by CDN?
               | 
               | And what do you mean by your search infrastructure? Are
               | you talking about elasticsearch or some equivalent?
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | No, in our case they were indexing job posts by sending
               | search requests. Ie instead of pulling down the JSON
               | files of jobs, they would search for them by sending
               | stuff like "New York City, New York software engineer" to
               | our search. Generally not cached because the searches
               | weren't something humans would search for (they'd use the
               | location drop down).
               | 
               | I didn't work on search, but yeah, something like
               | Elasticsearch. Googlebot was a majority of our search
               | traffic at times.
        
           | mattmaroon wrote:
           | Are sites really that averse to having a few more crawlers
           | than they already do? It would seem that it's only a monopoly
           | insofar as it's really expensive to do and almost nobody else
           | thinks they can recoup the cost.
        
             | robinsonb5 wrote:
             | A "few" more would be fine - but the sheer scale of the
             | malicious AI training bot crawling that's happening now is
             | enough to cause real availability problems (and expense)
             | for numerous sites.
             | 
             | One web forum I regularly read went through a patch a few
             | months ago where it was unavailable for about 90% of the
             | time due to being hammered by crawlers. It's only up again
             | now because the owner managed to find a way to block them
             | that hasn't yet been circumvented.
             | 
             | So it's easy to see why people would allow googlebot and
             | little else.
        
             | natebc wrote:
             | A few?
             | 
             | We routinely are fighting off hundreds of bots at any
             | moment. Thousands and Thousands per day, easily. US, China,
             | Brazil from hundreds of different IPs, dozens of different
             | (and falsified!) user agents all ignoring robots.txt and
             | pushing over services that are needed by human beings
             | trying to get work done.
             | 
             | EDIT: Just checked our anubis stats for the last 24h
             | 
             | CHALLENGE: 829,586
             | 
             | DENY: 621,462
             | 
             | ALLOW: 96,810
             | 
             | This is with a pretty aggressive "DENY" rule for a lot of
             | the AI related bots and on 2 pretty small sites at $JOB. We
             | have hundreds, if not thousands of different sites that
             | aren't protected by Anubis (yet).
             | 
             | Anubis and efforts like it are a xesend for companies that
             | don't want to pay off Cloudflare or some other "security"
             | company peddling a WAF.
        
               | zrm wrote:
               | This seems like two different issues.
               | 
               | One is, suppose there are a thousand search engine bots.
               | Then what you want is some standard facility to say
               | "please give me a list of every resources on this site
               | that has changed since <timestamp>" so they can each get
               | a diff from the last time they crawled your site.
               | Uploading each resource on the site to each of a thousand
               | bots _once_ is going to be irrelevant to a site serving
               | millions of users (because it 's a trivial percentage)
               | and to a site with a small amount of content (because
               | it's a small absolute number), which together constitute
               | the vast majority of all sites.
               | 
               | The other is, there are aggressive bots that will try to
               | scrape your entire site five times a day even if nothing
               | has changed and ignore robots.txt. But then you set traps
               | like disallowing something in robots.txt and then ban
               | anything that tries to access it, which doesn't affect
               | legitimate search engine crawlers because they respect
               | robots.txt.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > then you set traps like disallowing something in
               | robots.txt and then ban anything that tries to access it
               | 
               | That doesn't work at all when the scraper rapidly rotates
               | IPs from different ASNs because you can't differentiate
               | the legitimate from the abusive traffic on a per-request
               | basis. All you can be certain of is that a significant
               | portion of your traffic is abusive.
               | 
               | That results in aggressive filtering schemes which in
               | turn means permitted bots must be whitelisted on a case
               | by case basis.
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | > so googlebot wins because they're the dominant search
           | engine.
           | 
           | I think it's also important to highlight that sites
           | explicitly choose which bots to allow in their robots.txt
           | files, prioritizing Google which reinforces its position as
           | the de-facto monopoly. Even when other bots are technically
           | able to crawl them.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | Of all the bad ideas I've heard of where to slice Google to
           | break it up, this... Is actually the best idea.
           | 
           | The indexer, without direct Google influence, is primarily
           | incentivized to play nice with site administrators. This
           | gives them reasons to improve consideration of both network
           | integrity and privacy concerns (though Google has generally
           | been good about these things, I think the damage is done
           | regarding privacy that the brand name is toxic, regardless of
           | the behaviors).
        
           | tananaev wrote:
           | Google search is a monopoly not because of crawling. It's
           | because of the all the data it knows about website stats and
           | user behavior. Original Google idea of ranking based on links
           | doesn't work because it's too easily gamed. You have to know
           | what websites are good based on user preferences and that's
           | where you need to have data. It's impossible to build
           | anything similar to Google without access to large amounts of
           | user data.
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | Page ranking sounds like a perfect application of
             | artificial intelligence.
             | 
             | If China can apply it for total information awareness on
             | their population, Google can apply it on page reliability
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | I'm fairly certain many people have already tried to
               | apply magical AI pixie dust to this problem. Presumably
               | it isn't so simple in practice.
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | Sounds like you're implying that they are using Google
             | Analytics to feed their ranking, but that's much easier to
             | game than links are. User-signals on SERP clicks? There's a
             | niche industry supplying those to SEOs (I've seen it a few
             | times, I haven't seen it have any reliable impact).
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > Crawling the internet is a natural monopoly. Nobody wants
           | an endless stream of bots crawling their site,
           | 
           | Companies want traffic from any source they can get. They
           | welcome every search engine crawler that comes along because
           | every little exposure translates to incremental chances at
           | revenue or growing audience.
           | 
           | I doubt many people are doing things to allow Googlebot but
           | also ban other search crawlers.
           | 
           | > My heart just wants Google to burn to the ground
           | 
           | I think there's a lot of that in this thread and it's opening
           | the door to some mental gymnastics like the above claim about
           | Google being the only crawler allowed to index the internet.
        
           | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
           | CommonCrawl is not a vlaid comparison. Most robots.txt target
           | CCBot.
        
         | rubitxxx2 wrote:
         | Assuming the simplified diagram of Google's architecture, sure,
         | it looks like you're just splitting off a well-isolated part,
         | but it would be a significant hardship to do it in reality.
         | 
         | Why not also require Apple to split off only the phone and
         | messaging part of its iPhone, Meta to split off only the user
         | feed data, and for the U.S. federal government to run only out
         | of Washington D.C.?
         | 
         | This isn't the breakup of AT&T in the early 1980s where you
         | could say all the equipment and wiring just now belongs to
         | separate entities. (It wasn't that simple, but it wasn't like
         | trying to extract an organ.)
         | 
         | I think people have to understand that and know that what
         | they're doing is killing Google, and it was already on its way
         | into mind-numbed enterprise territory.
        
           | 486sx33 wrote:
           | Google killed Google. They should not have decided to become
           | evil. Search can easily be removed, G Suite should be
           | separate too.
        
             | freedomben wrote:
             | > Search can easily be removed
             | 
             | This strikes me like "two easy steps to draw an owl. First
             | draw the head, then draw the body". I generally support
             | some sort of breakup, but hand waving the complexities away
             | is not going to do anybody any good
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | > Apple to split off only the phone and messaging part of its
           | iPhone
           | 
           | Ooh, can we? My wife is super jealous of my ability to
           | install custom apps for phone calls and messaging on Android,
           | it'd be great if Apple would open theirs up to competition.
           | Competition in the SMS app space would also likely help break
           | up the usage of iMessage as a tool to pressure people into
           | getting an iPhone so they get the blue bubble.
        
             | rubitxxx2 wrote:
             | > Ooh, can we?
             | 
             | If the dream of a Star Trek future reputation-based
             | government run by AI which secretly manipulates the vote
             | comes true, yes we can!
             | 
             | Either that or we could organize competitors to lobby the
             | US or EU for more lawsuits in exchange for billions in
             | kickbacks! (Not implying anything by this.)
        
           | gamblor956 wrote:
           | You jest, but splitting out just certain Internet Explorer
           | features was part of the Microsoft antitrust resolution. It's
           | what made Chrome's ascendancy possible.
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | I mean it's just data. You can just copy it and hand it over
           | to a newly formed competing entity.
           | 
           | You're not even really dealing with any of these shared
           | infrastructure public property private property merged
           | infrastructure issues.
           | 
           | Yeah sure. There's mountains of racks of servers, but those
           | aren't that hard to get tariffs TBD.
           | 
           | I think it'll be interesting just to try and find some
           | collection of ex Google execs who had actually like to go
           | back to the do no evil days, and just hand them a copy of all
           | the data.
           | 
           | I simply don't think we have the properly and elected set of
           | officials to implement antitrust of any scale. DOJ is now
           | permanently politicized and corrupt, and citizens United
           | means corps can outspend "the people" lavishly.
           | 
           | Antitrust would mean a more diverse and resilient supply
           | chain, creativity, more employment, more local manufacturing,
           | a reversal of the "awful customer service" as a default,
           | better prices, a less corrupt government, better products,
           | more economic mobility, and, dare I say it, more freedom.
           | 
           | Actually, let me expound upon the somewhat nebulous idea of
           | more freedom. I think we all hear about Shadow banning or
           | outright banning with utter silence and no appeals process
           | for large internet companies that have a complete monopoly on
           | some critical aspect of Internet usage.
           | 
           | If these companies enabled by their cartel control, decide
           | they don't like you or are told by a government not to like
           | you, it is approaching a bigger burden as being denied the
           | ability to drive.
           | 
           | Not a single one of those is something oligarchs or a
           | corporatocracy has the slightest interest in
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | At Blekko we advocated for this as well.
         | 
         | Google has two interlocked monopolies, one is the search index
         | and the other is their advertising service. We often joked that
         | if Google reasonable and non-discriminatory priced access to
         | their index, both to themselves and to others, AND they allowed
         | someone to put what ever ads they wanted on those results. That
         | change the landscape dramatically.
         | 
         | Google would carve out their crawler/indexer/ranker business
         | and sell access to themselves and others which would allow that
         | business an income that did _NOT_ go back to the parent company
         | (had to be disbursed inside as capex or opex for the business).
         | 
         | Then front ends would have a good shot, DDG for example could
         | front the index with the value proposition of privacy. Someone
         | else could front the index with a value proposition of no-ads
         | ever. A third party might front that index attuned to specific
         | use cases like literature search.
         | 
         | It would be a very different world.
        
           | indolering wrote:
           | Then why do we see all of these alt search engines and SEO
           | services building out independent indexes? Why don't the
           | competitors cooperate in this fashion already?
        
             | mondrian wrote:
             | Because everyone worships Thiel's "competition is for
             | losers" and dreams of being a monopoly. Monopolies being
             | the logical outcome of a deregulated environment, for which
             | these companies lobby.
        
               | dantheman wrote:
               | Throughout history there are very few monopolies and they
               | don't normally last that long; that is unless they get
               | are granted special privileges by the government.
        
               | mondrian wrote:
               | Concentration is the default in an unregulated
               | environment. Sure pure monopolies with 100% market
               | control are rare but concentration is rampant. A handful
               | of companies dominating tech, airlines, banks, media.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Concentration seems much more prevalent in heavily
               | regulated markets e.g. utilities / airlines. In many
               | cases regulators have even encouraged this e.g.finance.
               | 
               | There is no default for unregulated markets. It's a
               | question of whether the economies of scale outweigh the
               | added costs from the complexity that scale requires. It
               | costs close to 100x as much to build 100 houses, run 100
               | restaurants, or operate 100 trucks as it does to do 1.
               | That's why these industries are not very concentrated.
               | Whereas it costs nowhere close to 100x for a software or
               | financial services company to serve 100x thee customers,
               | so software and finance are very concentrated.
               | 
               | The effect of regulation is typically to increase
               | concentration because the cost of compliance actually
               | tends to scale very well. So businesses that grow face an
               | decreasing regulatory compliance cost as a percent of
               | revenue.
        
               | guhcampos wrote:
               | You are comparing Apples and Oranges. You just can't
               | compare the barrier of entry for Software business and an
               | Airline, even without any regulations. It's just orders
               | of magnitude more expensive to buy an airplane than a
               | laptop, and most utilities are natural monopolies so they
               | behave fundamentally different.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | Most planes are leased. The capex for an airline isn't
               | anything especially high if they don't want it to be.
        
               | mondrian wrote:
               | Home building is interesting because I think a major
               | blocker to monopoly-forming is the vastly heterogenous
               | and complicated regulatory landscape, with building codes
               | varying wildly from place to place. So you get a bunch of
               | locally-specialized builders.
               | 
               | Regulation can increase concentration in a high
               | corruption/cronyism environment -- regulatory capture and
               | regulatory moats. There is plenty of that happening.
               | 
               | In building, I think we have local-concentration, due to
               | both regulatory heterogeneity and then local cronyism -
               | Bob has decades of connections to the city and gets
               | permits easily, whereas Bob's competitor Steve is stuck
               | in a loop of rejection due to a never ending list of
               | pesky reasons.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | airlines? Worst example ever. There are lots of airlines
               | coming and going. "Tech" isn't even an industry.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Concentration is not monopoly, and furthermore your
               | comment does not begin to address the critical part of
               | parent's comment : "does not last very long"
               | 
               | Inequality at a point in time , and over time , is not
               | nearly as bad if the winners keep rotating
        
               | phatfish wrote:
               | > unless they get are granted special privileges by the
               | government
               | 
               | That's what all the lobbyists are for.
               | 
               | None of the people or organisations that advocate for
               | "free markets" or competition actually want free markets
               | and competition. It's a smoke screen so they can keep
               | buying politicians to get their special privileges.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | > Throughout history there are very few monopolies and
               | they don't normally last that long
               | 
               | That's completely incorrect. Historically, monopolies
               | were pretty long-lived. So much that they were often
               | written into the legal codes.
               | 
               | It's only fairly recently that the pace of innovation
               | picked up so much, that monopolies not really die per se,
               | but just become irrelevant.
        
               | const_cast wrote:
               | They always inevitably end up being given special
               | privileges.
               | 
               | Because, contrary to what we would all like to believe,
               | once a company becomes large we _don 't_ want them to go
               | under, even if they're not optimal.
               | 
               | There's a huge amount of jobs, institutional knowledge,
               | processes, capital, etc in these big monopolies. Like if
               | Boeing just went under today, how long would it take for
               | another company to re-figure out how to make airplanes? I
               | mean, take a look at NASA. We went to the moon, but can
               | we do it again? It would be very difficult. Because so
               | many engineers retired and IP was allowed to just... rot.
               | 
               | It's a balancing act. Obviously we want to keep the
               | market as free as possible and yadda yadda invisible
               | hand. But we also have national security to consider, and
               | practicality.
        
           | nashashmi wrote:
           | You mean like a white label search engine? Customized with
           | settings?
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | This sounds a solution contrived to advantage companies that
           | want access to this data rather than an actual economically
           | valid business model. If building an index and selling access
           | to it is a viable business, then why isn't someone doing it
           | already? There's minimal barrier to entry. Blekko has an
           | index. Are you selling access to it for profit?
        
             | mburns wrote:
             | There are search engines that sell api access to their
             | index. Pretty sure Bing, Yahoo, and Yandex all do.
             | 
             | Blekko also did, 10 years ago. When they still existed.
        
               | cactusplant7374 wrote:
               | I think Brave Search does too?
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Discussed at the time, in case anyone is curious:
         | 
         |  _Dawn of a new era in Search: Balancing innovation,
         | competition, and public good_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41393475 - Aug 2024 (79
         | comments)
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | This just in: small search engine company thinks it's a great
         | idea for small search engine companies to have the same search
         | index as Google.
         | 
         | Also, I love this bit: "[Google's] search results are of the
         | best quality among its advertising-driven peers." I can just
         | feel the breath of the guy who jumped in to say "wait, you
         | can't just admit that Google's results are better than Kagi's!
         | You need to add some sorta qualifier there that doesn't apply
         | to us."
        
           | sfpotter wrote:
           | Have you used Kagi or Google recently? Kagi works way better.
        
             | sdwr wrote:
             | Then why do they want Google's search index?
        
               | sfpotter wrote:
               | So they can work even better...?
        
               | hmottestad wrote:
               | Crawling the web is costly. I assume it's cheaper to use
               | the results from someone else's crawling. I don't know
               | what Kagi is using to argue that they should have access
               | to Google's indexes, but I'd guess it's some form of anti
               | trust.
        
               | guhcampos wrote:
               | Let me add more: crawling the web is costly for EVERYONE.
               | 
               | The more crawlers out there, the more useless traffic is
               | being served by every single website on the internet.
               | 
               | In an ideal world, there would be a single authoritative
               | index, just as we have with web domains, and all players
               | would cooperate into building, maintaining and improving
               | it, so websites would not need to be constantly hammered
               | by thousands of crawlers everyday.
        
               | cactusplant7374 wrote:
               | Bandwidth is cheap. I also like seeing more traffic in
               | the logs.
        
               | const_cast wrote:
               | Yeah not that cheap. There's a few articles on HN now
               | about small, independent websites being essentially
               | DDOS'd by crawlers. Although, to be fair, mostly AI
               | crawlers.
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | I already get hit by literally hundreds of crawlers,
               | presumably trying to find grist for there AI mills.
               | 
               | One more crawler for a search index wouldn't hurt.
        
             | eastbound wrote:
             | On every Kagi comment, there is "Have you used Kagi
             | recently? It's improved a lot!" -- to the level that I
             | suspect they have bots to upgrade the brand image, at least
             | to search which comments to respond do.
             | 
             | I'm saying that because yes, I've used Kagi recently, and I
             | switch back to Google every single time because Kagi can't
             | find anything. Kagi is to Google what Siri is to ChatGPT.
             | Siri can't even answer "What time is it?"
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | > to the level that I suspect they have bots to upgrade
               | the brand image
               | 
               | What "level" is that which couldn't possibly be
               | accomplished by humans? Are you seeing thousands of
               | messages every day?
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | Maybe you see different comments than I do, but I don't
               | see many comments saying it's improved a lot lately.
               | 
               | As a Kagi user, I would not say it's improved a lot
               | lately. It's a consistent, specific product for what I
               | need. I like the privacy aspects of it, and the control
               | to block, raise or lower sites in my search results. If
               | that's not something you care about then don't use it.
               | 
               | Is it better than Google at finding things? I don't think
               | so, but then, Google is trash these days too
        
               | buzzerbetrayed wrote:
               | I don't understand.
               | 
               | The GP of your comment is literally saying that Kagi is
               | better than Google as of late. You're not helping the
               | "Kagi doesn't use bots" case by ignore the context 2
               | comments up.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43948385
        
               | Velorivox wrote:
               | > I suspect they have bots to upgrade the brand image
               | 
               | I disagree with the conclusion but I agree with the
               | premise. Man is a rationalizing animal, and one way to
               | validate one's choice in paying for a search engine
               | (whether it is better or not) is to get others to use it
               | as well. Kagi is also good at PR, they were able to spin
               | a hostile metering plan as a lenient subscription plan.
               | 
               | Word of mouth is often more prevalent than we think, and
               | certainly more powerful than botting. I would not be
               | shocked if the author of that "AirBnBs are blackhats"
               | article was interacting with real users of Craigslist
               | spurred on by some referral scheme.
        
               | snackernews wrote:
               | "Kagi is bad. As evidence I present Siri."
        
               | MyPasswordSucks wrote:
               | Do you not understand how analogies work, or did your
               | compulsion to post a weaksauce burn just temporarily
               | short-circuit that part of your brain?
               | 
               | This isn't Twitter, you don't need to farm likes and
               | retweets.
        
               | buildfocus wrote:
               | > On every Kagi comment, there is "Have you used Kagi
               | recently? It's improved a lot!" -- to the level that I
               | suspect they have bots to upgrade the brand image
               | 
               | Odd to dismiss a point purely because it's consistently
               | made, especially without much apparent disagreement.
               | Perhaps more likely: there are just _many_ happy Kagi
               | customers in the HN community.
               | 
               | As one data point: I use Kagi, and agree with GP, and I
               | am not a bot (activity of this HN account predates
               | existence of Kagi by many years).
               | 
               | That doesn't dismiss your experience of course, lots of
               | people use search engines in different ways! Personally,
               | I found the ads & other crap of Google drowned out
               | results, and I frequently hit SEO spam etc where site
               | reranking was helpful. I'm sure there's scenarios where
               | that doesn't make sense though, it's not for everybody
               | (not everybody can justify paying for search, just for
               | starters).
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | That's like asking the foxes how the farmer should manage his
         | chickens. Kagi is a (wannabe) competitor. Likewise, YC's
         | interest here is in making money by having viable startups and
         | having them acquired.
         | 
         | I also don't think crawling the Web is the hard part. It's
         | extraordinarily easy to do it badly [1] but what's the solution
         | here? To have a bunch of wannabe search engines crawl Google's
         | index instead?
         | 
         | I've thought about this and I wonder if trying to replicate a
         | general purpose search engine here is the right approach or
         | not. Might it not be easier to target a particular vertical, at
         | least to start with? I refuse to believe Google cannot be
         | bested in every single vertical or that the scale of the job
         | can't be segmented to some degree.
         | 
         | [1]: https://stackoverflow.blog/2009/06/16/the-perfect-web-
         | spider...
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | This solution would also yield search engines that will
         | actually be useful and powerful like old Google search was.
         | They have crippled it drastically over the years. Used to be I
         | could find exact quotes of forum posts from memory verbatim. I
         | can't do that on Google or YouTube anymore. It's really dumbed
         | down and watered down.
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | How Orwellian. Free market means buyers and sellers set terms of
       | deal, not G.
        
       | adrr wrote:
       | How much things have changed when antitrust used mean unfair
       | practices by real monopolies. Real monopolies. Standard Oil which
       | you had no choice in what gas you used. The Bell System(ATT)
       | controlled all of long distance, you had no choice to use them
       | for making long distance calls. Microsoft owned 95% of the market
       | when they got with antitrust, there was other OSes but your
       | software wouldn't run on those OSes. Consumers had no choice. We
       | got stuck with shitty products that were overpriced.
       | 
       | Now antitrust means punishing companies that are too good. Their
       | product is too superior. Even though Windows, the most used
       | computer OS, literally defaults bing search but consumers change
       | it to google. They are choosing to use google. We're going to
       | punish the company that makes a product so good users don't want
       | to use other products. They clearly have choice. There is no
       | switching cost to what search engine you use. Its sad when
       | companies who can't make a product people that people't don't
       | want to use instead to use regulatory capture to prevent real
       | competition in the search engine market. Just make a better
       | product.
        
         | jonhohle wrote:
         | I haven't looked at the merits, and I don't like what the EU is
         | doing to US companies with 20% market share, but I remember
         | feeling the same way about Microsoft over 20 years ago.
         | Fortunately, groklaw provided a constant stream of easily
         | readable, high quality content. That, and I could see some of
         | my favorite companies shutting down because their customers
         | were restricted from doing business with them if they wanted to
         | sell Windows.
         | 
         | This isn't about search, it's about their ad monopoly. They are
         | not being punished for search or related products. I'm actually
         | not sure how breaking out the search index helps in this
         | situation. I would think splitting out off-Google advertising
         | is the more obvious break and one that would benefit humanity.
         | (Ad networks can die in a fire.)
        
           | adrr wrote:
           | This is to separate search index from Google.
           | 
           | Ad is even worse as Google doesn't even control the majority
           | of digital marketing market. Only case i can think of is the
           | Amex case but Supreme Court rightly found you can't be an
           | abusive monopoly and have less than a majority of the market.
        
       | light_triad wrote:
       | It's good for YC to do this and will benefit every startup in the
       | long run. Google has been one of the sources of the AI boom, and
       | provides liquidity by acquiring startups. But as YC argues
       | they've monopolised distribution channels to the point where you
       | need to go through the Google toll booth every time you want to
       | access the market. This tax on founders to reach their audience
       | makes many types of businesses unsustainable and impossible,
       | especially for products where usage != sharing.
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | > and provides liquidity by acquiring startups
         | 
         | You mean kills potentially successful tech companies of the
         | future by acquiring startups to cement their dominance.
         | 
         | I get why people on this site are in love with the idea of
         | building an unsustainable, money-losing business where the only
         | path to success is being acquired by a tech giant. It's like
         | winning the lottery! But it helps nobody, it hurts your
         | customers/users, and it hurts innovation. It's also stupid, as
         | a successful tech company could potentially grow as big as the
         | giants you're courting (ESPECIALLY now that the FTC has started
         | finally doing its job). Why else do you think they're spending
         | so much money to acquire you? It's easier on the ego to call it
         | an "acquihire", but the truth is that they're just paying a
         | maintenance tax on their monopoly.
         | 
         | Every time people complain about how detrimental big tech is to
         | society, it ultimately comes down to this sad strategy.
        
         | threeseed wrote:
         | Of course it is good for YC to do this. They have significant
         | investments in OpenAI both directly and indirectly through the
         | countless startups they've funded whose core is OpenAI.
         | 
         | And it's ridiculous to act like (a) you are forced to go
         | through Google to access the 'market' and (b) that this is
         | somehow unusual or untoward. They are an advertising company
         | and not the only one.
        
       | creato wrote:
       | It's disappointing to see the historical revisionism in these
       | threads. Say what you will about google now, but the idea that
       | they just bought their way into X industry doesn't seem right.
       | Until maybe 10 years ago, tech people almost universally loved
       | Google's offerings and adopted them eagerly because they were
       | good. I remember the mad scramble on various forums for a gmail
       | invite. I remember when google maps came about, it was a
       | revelation compared to mapquest and so on. You could scroll the
       | map instead of clicking buttons to jump half a screen at a time!
       | For years 0-5 at least, chrome was almost universally loved by
       | tech people. Process isolation, speed, lack of toolbar shitware,
       | etc.
       | 
       | At every company I've been at, half the dependencies came from
       | big tech, and more than half of those were built _and maintained_
       | by google. bazel, kubernetes, test frameworks, tensorflow, etc.
       | these are just the big ones. There are a lot of smaller libraries
       | from google that we 've used too, and more still that aren't
       | owned by google but they invest a lot of engineering time into.
       | 
       | I don't know what the right answer is to the google of today, but
       | the cavalier assumption that google has simply leveraged a
       | monopoly in search to build everything else it has doesn't add up
       | to me.
        
         | hu3 wrote:
         | Meanwhile Apple, also sitting on infinite cash, is easily
         | entertained by toying with regulators around the world and
         | contributes back almost nothing in comparison to Google.
         | 
         | Heck, they can't even be bothered to fund a single developer to
         | help their hardware run Linux.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | Why would Apple have developers working on their hardware
           | running Linux? Apple doesn't use Linux.
           | 
           | They aren't the biggest oss dev, but they have a decent
           | amount of contributions. [0][1]
           | 
           | It's hard to compare how much Google vs Apple contributes to
           | open source, but not sure why anyone would think Apple
           | "contributes back almost nothing."
           | 
           | [0] https://github.com/appleopen
           | 
           | [1] https://opensource.apple.com/projects/
        
             | hu3 wrote:
             | Please stare at your own links for a second.
             | 
             | Let me help you:
             | 
             | https://github.com/orgs/appleopen/repositories?q=sort%3Asta
             | r...
             | 
             | Their most popular repo in that entire account has 8 stars.
             | 
             | I have multiple personal repos with more usage than that.
             | 
             | As for the other link. More than half of those projects are
             | Apple specific.
        
         | stonogo wrote:
         | You keep qualifying your comments with "by tech people" but the
         | problem is that Google bought their way into non-tech people's
         | computers. Every single Google product on every single pageload
         | had an "install Chrome" link at the top. Every Chrome release
         | blurred the line between 'signing into chrome' and 'signing
         | into google' and, later, 'signing into your phone'. Most Google
         | products broke on non-Chrome browsers on such a regular cadence
         | that deliberate sabotage was a common assumption. So yes,
         | Google has always been a darling to the "tech people", but the
         | aggressive ways they worked to ensure that people adopted
         | Chrome were very real.
        
         | light_hue_1 wrote:
         | You're right. And that really shows you how destructive Google
         | has been.
         | 
         | 10-20 years ago Google was amazing. Their products were great.
         | We all wanted them.
         | 
         | And now, we have pretty much exactly those products. Almost
         | nothing has improved in 10+ years. That's exactly the behavior
         | of a monopoly.
         | 
         | Their products are now aggressively hostile to users and their
         | interests. Like Chrome trying to kill of ad blockers.
         | 
         | Google now sits on what is now a low quality outdated product
         | forever using their market power to keep everyone else out.
         | 
         | That's why we have antitrust laws. To kill Googles.
        
       | pingou wrote:
       | As a google's shareholder that terrifies me.
       | 
       | As an european, I am happy to see that the US administration may
       | be ready to kill the one of the most powerful and unassailable
       | company in the world and allow any other country to build a
       | replacement.
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | The document metadata... ffs: "Microsoft Word - YC for filing
       | FINAL DRAFT Y Combinator Amicus Brief"
       | 
       | People, clean that shit up before publishing. That's an
       | embarrassment. At least it's not "FINAL FINAL2 REWORKED" or
       | something equally grotesque.
        
       | dangoodmanUT wrote:
       | A bitly link is an insane choice
        
         | aspenmayer wrote:
         | Add + to the end of bitly urls to see where they redirect to
         | without clicking on them.
        
       | Workaccount2 wrote:
       | The real killer is that Google perfected the ad-paid model, and
       | launched an entire ecosystem on top of it
       | 
       | Paid competitors cannot compete because people won't pay. People
       | want the death of Google because people hate ads and tracking.
       | 
       | Ultimately it is an everyone loses situation. No one is going to
       | fly in a replace Google without either 1.) Charging a monthly sub
       | or 2.) Invasive (yet most profitable) ad tracking.
       | 
       | This is exactly why youtube stands alone too. What company looks
       | at youtube's userbase and says "Yes, I want to cater to people
       | who despise subscriptions and block ads". Exactly what vid.me did
       | in 2017, which everyone celebrated until the went bankrupt.
        
         | Hilift wrote:
         | Google doesn't own all of ads though, only search ads. Facebook
         | nets $70 billion per year with an ad system that prints golden
         | bricks. No-one cares how it works due to it makes so much
         | money. 80% of shares are held by institutions.
        
       | Bender wrote:
       | In terms of fairness, competition and monopolies is there a chart
       | that shows how much tax payer funding each search engine has
       | received _upon creation, annually and indirectly_? _e.g. donating
       | NASA hangers for server hosting and experiments, heavily
       | discounted real estate and land, tax breaks for power, etc..._
       | Put another way, who has the biggest monopoly on direct and
       | indirect tax-payer funding?
        
         | grg0 wrote:
         | > Put another way, who has the biggest monopoly on direct and
         | indirect tax-payer funding?
         | 
         | The Pentagon.
        
       | danboarder wrote:
       | This action comes a bit late, at the end of the "Search engine"
       | era, at a time when AI responses from many sources are largely
       | replacing the "Google Search".
       | 
       | Similar action happened against Microsoft Windows around 2000,
       | just as the rise of web-based apps (online email, google docs,
       | etc) largely made the underlying operating system less relevant
       | to how people use their computers and apps.
       | 
       | So I read this as the dominant player can monopolize a market
       | while it's relevant without an issue, and once the market starts
       | to move on, the antitrust lawsuits come in to "make the market
       | more competitive" at a time when that era is mostly over.
       | 
       | And trying to regulate early (as with the last administration's
       | AI legislation that is now being repealed) we can see that only
       | hindsight is 20/20, and regulating too early can kill a market.
       | My conclusion is to just let the best product win, and even
       | dominate for a while as this is part of the market cycle, and
       | when a better product/platform comes along the market will move
       | to it.
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | I would be you $1 that in five to ten years there will be zero
         | "AI" players replacing search. But that's a different topic
         | than this one.
        
           | MPSFounder wrote:
           | I will take that bet Chuck. Maybe not completely replace, but
           | AI will be the defacto search platform. I find myself using
           | Google less and less these days
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | I only use Google when I am in the mood to search for
             | something and find it below the fold after scrolling
             | through mindless semi-related sponsored links
        
             | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
             | If for no other reason that I can perform combination
             | searches.
             | 
             | I don't need to search MQTT and AWS and v3/v5 and max
             | packet sizes all separately anymore.
        
           | danboarder wrote:
           | Google themselves are trying to figure this out, with the
           | first (top placement) of search results showing their Gemini
           | AI Response, at least for me. I read this as an attempt to
           | keep users on Google instead of asking Chat GPT or other some
           | other AI. What's your take on that?
        
             | ChuckMcM wrote:
             | Every AI chatbot to date suffers from the "Film expert"
             | effect. That is when a script writer presents data from an
             | "expert" in a movie or show to the audience in response to
             | some information need on the part of the other characters.
             | Writers are really good at making it sound credible. When
             | an audience member experiences this interchange, generally
             | they have one of two experiences. Either they know nothing
             | about the subject (or the subject is made up like warp
             | drive nacelle engineering) and they nod along at the
             | response and factor it into their understanding of the
             | story being told. Or, they do know a lot about the subject
             | and the glaring inaccuracies jolt them out of the story
             | temporarily as the suspension of disbelief is damaged.
             | 
             | LLMs write in an authoritative way because that is how the
             | material they have been trained on writes. Because there is
             | no "there" there, an LLM has no way of evaluating the
             | accuracy of the answer it just generated. People who
             | "search" using an LLM in order to get information about a
             | topic have a better than even chance of getting something
             | that is completely false, and if they don't have the
             | foundation to recognize its false may incorporate that
             | false information into their world view. That becomes a
             | major embarrassment later when they regurgitate that
             | information, or act on that information in some way, that
             | comes back to bite them.
             | 
             | Gemini has many examples of things it has presented
             | authoritatively that are stochastic noise. The current fun
             | game is to ask "Why do people say ..." and create some
             | stupid thing like "Too many cats spoil the soup." That
             | generates an authoritative sounding answer from Gemini that
             | is just stupid. Gemini can't say "I don't know, I've never
             | seen anything that says people say that."
             | 
             | As companies push these things out into more and places,
             | more and more people will get the experience of believing
             | something false because some LLM told them it was true. And
             | like that friend of yours who always has an answer for
             | every question you ask, but you keep finding out a bunch of
             | them are just bullshit, you will rely on that information
             | less and less. And eventually, like your buddy with all the
             | answers, you stop asking them questions you actually want
             | the answer too.
             | 
             | I'm not down on "LLMs" per se, but I do not believe there
             | is any evidence that they can be relied on for anything.
             | The only thing I have seen, so far, that they can do well
             | is help someone struggling with a blank page get started.
             | That's because more people than not struggle with starting
             | from a blank page but have no trouble _correcting_
             | something that is wrong, or re-writing it into something.
             | 
             | "Search" is multifaceted. Blekko found a great use case for
             | reference librarians. They would have paid Blekko to
             | provide them an index of primary sources that they could
             | use. The other great use is shopping if you can pair it
             | with your social network. (Something Blekko suggested to
             | Facebook but Zuck was really blind to that one) Blekko had
             | a demo where you could say, "Audi car dealer" and it would
             | give you the results ranked by your friend's ratings on
             | their service. I spent a lot of time at Blekko denying
             | access to the index by criminals who were searching for
             | vulnerable WordPress plugins or e-commerce shopping carts.
             | Chat GPT is never going to give you a list of all sites on
             | the Internet running a vulnerable version of Wordpress :-).
             | 
             | So my take is the LLM isn't a replacement for search and
             | efforts to make it so will stagnate and die leaving "Search
             | Classic" to take up the slack.
             | 
             | If you trained a model on a well vetted corpus and gave it
             | the tools to say it didn't know, I could see it as being a
             | better "textbook" then a physical textbook. But it still
             | needs to know what it doesn't know.
        
             | joshvm wrote:
             | My take is that it's primarily a smart way to quickly
             | gather lots of ELO/AB feedback about LLM responses for
             | training, whilst also reducing people switching to ChatGPT.
             | OpenAI has significant first mover advantage here and it's
             | why they're so worried about distillation, becuase it
             | threatens the moat.
             | 
             | Google, on the other hand, has a huge moat in access to
             | probably the best search index available and existing
             | infrastructure built around it. Not to mention the
             | integration with Workspace emails, docs, photos - all sorts
             | of things that can be used for training. But what they
             | (presumably) lack is the feedback-derived data that OpenAI
             | has had from the start.
             | 
             | ChatGPT does not use search grounding by default and the
             | issues there are obvious. Both Gemini and ChatGPT make
             | similar errors even with grounding but you would expect
             | that to get better over time. It's an open research
             | question as to what knowledge should be innate (in the
             | weights) and what should be "queryable", but I do think the
             | future will be an improved version of "intelligence" +
             | "data lookup".
        
             | The_Blade wrote:
             | if you put a Carlin word (at least my favorite McNulty /
             | Bunk one) in front of your search, it bypasses Gemini AI
             | results
             | 
             | for a pristine moment you get to be in a club and they
             | AIn't in it
        
           | wvenable wrote:
           | Search will become AI. It might be that there be zero "AI"
           | players involved though as Google is just as capable of doing
           | AI.
        
           | edanm wrote:
           | I'd take that bet. AI players are _already_ replacing search
           | for a lot of users in a lot of cases.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | Because we're still in the "get them hooked" stage where AI
             | startups and Google/Meta are losing money on AI.
             | 
             | Once they start properly monetising (aka making users pay
             | for what it actually costs them to train and run), it will
             | be a different story. The vast majority of people won't pay
             | $20-30EUR/month for an LLM to replace their search engine.
             | (And an analysis I saw of OpenAI's business model and
             | financial indicated they're losing money even on their paid
             | tier, per query).
        
           | artursapek wrote:
           | I've started using ChatGPT to look up most things I used to
           | Google. It gives me immediate, concise results without having
           | to parse bloated websites full of ads and other garbage.
        
         | Seattle3503 wrote:
         | > This action comes a bit late, at the end of the "Search
         | engine" era, at a time when AI responses from many sources are
         | largely replacing the "Google Search".
         | 
         | AIs are using search indices more and more. Google has the
         | largest, and there is risk of Google using its monopoly in
         | search (in particular their index) to give themselves an unfair
         | advantage in the nascent AI market.
        
       | sambeau wrote:
       | The really uncompetitive behaviour started when Google removed
       | the search string from search links. That killed 3rd party (and
       | home-grown) analytics, which in turn facilitated large scale
       | tracking of users from site with analytics to site with
       | analytics.
       | 
       | If you wanted to know how your keywords were performing you _had_
       | to use Google Analytics.
        
       | RainyDayTmrw wrote:
       | Make no mistake. This is, first and foremost, a big, for-profit
       | corporation fighting a bigger, for-profit corporation, for its
       | own financial interests. Nevertheless, we may stand to benefit,
       | if only incidentally.
       | 
       | In particular, if the legal authorities start to unwind Google, I
       | actually think Chrome and Android are more important to wall off
       | or spin out than anything advertising or AI related.
        
         | sroussey wrote:
         | So should Gmail et al go with Chrome or with Android?
        
           | RainyDayTmrw wrote:
           | I'm less worried about GMail. It's much easier to start a
           | GMail competitor today (in relative, not absolute, terms)
           | than a Chrome or Android competitor, because of network
           | effects. For example, Fastmail is tiny (comparatively
           | speaking), and will probably stay tiny forever, but their
           | service works fine, and there's no major obstacles
           | (comparatively speaking) to replacing GMail with Fastmail for
           | any of us personally.
        
             | erxam wrote:
             | Is it really?
             | 
             | I think any potential competitors face many of the same
             | pitfalls as, say, Chrome competitors do. Maybe even worse.
             | Google slams its weight around when web standards are being
             | designed so as to unilaterally benefit Chrome, but (at
             | least in theory) it's a fundamentally cooperative process
             | where everyone at least gets some sort of input to direct
             | where each standard goes.
             | 
             | In GMail's case, they can just arbitrarily shut off any
             | competitor who might be gaining steam and kill them off
             | before they can reach critical mass and sustain themselves.
             | Just categorize them as 'spam' and make sure to redirect
             | their emails 100% of the time and they've won.
             | 
             | EDIT: just saw your edit. You're kinda right, but if
             | Fastmail ever really starts growing then Google will take
             | harsher actions to stymie it off. Maybe if a lot of small
             | services start to collectively take a bigger slice of the
             | market then they'd succeed at keeping Google at bay? I'm
             | not so sure.
        
           | owebmaster wrote:
           | Google started to merge both (ChromeOS+Android) so maybe they
           | would be sold together
        
             | sroussey wrote:
             | Microsoft is the obvious buyer for Android and Chrome, lol.
             | Let the circle complete.
        
       | iamkonstantin wrote:
       | It would be cool if Apple/Google/gatekeepers considered similar
       | measures for the App Store / Google Play related search where
       | similar constraints apply.
        
       | yashvg wrote:
       | TL;DR: YC just filed an amicus brief in the Google-search
       | antitrust case. They tell the judge that (1) Google's default-
       | search/pay-to-play deals crushed the "kill-zone" around search,
       | keeping VCs away; and (2) the coming wave of AI-search/agentic
       | tools will suffer the same fate unless the court imposes forward-
       | looking remedies--open Google's index, ban exclusive
       | data+distribution deals, bar self-preferencing, add anti-
       | circumvention teeth, and even spin off Android if Google
       | backslides. YC frames this as the 2025 equivalent of the 1956
       | Bell Labs decree and the 2001 Microsoft decision: rip open the
       | gate so the next Google can be born.
        
         | yashvg wrote:
         | Summarized by o3:
         | 
         | 1. Why YC cares
         | 
         | - VC "kill-zone." YC says Google's decade of default-search
         | contracts (Apple, carriers, OEMs) froze half of all U.S. search
         | queries, scaring investors away from search/AI startups.
         | 
         | - AI inflection point. Generative/query-based/agentic AI could
         | disrupt search--but only if newcomers can reach users and train
         | on data Google hoards. Without action, Google will "pull the
         | ladder up" again.
         | 
         | 2. What YC wants the court to order
         | 
         | - Open index & dataset access. Force Google to license its
         | search index + anonymized click/embedding data on fair,
         | reasonable terms so rivals can build ranking stacks + AI
         | models.
         | 
         | - No self-preferencing in AI results. Google can't boost
         | Gemini-style tools or demote rivals. No exclusive AI-training
         | corpora access either.
         | 
         | - Ban pay-to-play defaults. Outlaw "billions to be the default"
         | (search, voice, browser, OS, car). No payments for choice-
         | screen placement.
         | 
         | - Anti-circumvention & retaliation guardrails. Independent
         | monitoring, fast dispute resolution, steep fines, and--if
         | Google cheats--possible Android spinoff.
         | 
         | 3. Historical playbook YC cites
         | 
         | - 1956 AT&T consent decree opened Bell Labs patents -
         | semiconductor boom.
         | 
         | - 2001 Microsoft browser decree - Firefox, Chrome, Google
         | itself.
         | 
         | - 2023-24 Nvidia-Arm block - both companies exploded in AI.
         | 
         | - YC says same pattern can unlock "the next Stripe/Airbnb--but
         | for search/AI."
         | 
         | 4. Why HN should care
         | 
         | - Open Index [?] ultimate dev API. Lets you build retrieval-
         | augmented AI agents without a nation-state's crawl budget.
         | 
         | - Distribution shake-up. Killing default deals revives
         | mobile/browser competition; could birth real alt-search on
         | phones.
         | 
         | - VC signal. YC telling a judge "give us a level field and
         | we'll bankroll challengers" means real capital is ready.
         | 
         | - Policy trend. Regulators now want to pre-wire markets (index
         | access, AI data parity, Android contingency) before the next
         | moat forms.
         | 
         | 5. Bottom line: This isn't about a fine. It's about cracking
         | open the data + distribution bottlenecks that froze search
         | since 2009. If Judge Mehta adopts YC/DOJ's plan, the door opens
         | for real search/AI innovation--and VCs are ready to sprint
         | through it.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | I'm not sure people understand what the consequences of taking
       | away Google's ad revenue is. If a large enough bank goes under,
       | it takes out not just the bank, but huge sectors of the economy,
       | affecting many more businesses and jobs. That's why the
       | government bailed out the banks when they failed.
       | 
       | The same will happen when Google loses its ad revenue. Google is
       | an ad company. By opening up all its trade secret data, it loses
       | its advantage. That will make it lose its core revenue. The end
       | result will be Google collapsing entirely within a few years.
       | Then those component parts people are talking about "opening up"
       | will be gone too.
       | 
       | Here's a small number of things that will die when Google dies.
       | Can you imagine how the world will be affected when these go
       | away?                 - Google Maps       - Google Mail       -
       | Google Drive       - Google Docs       - Google Groups       -
       | Google Forms       - Google Cloud       - Google OAuth       -
       | Google Search       - Google Analytics       - Chrome       -
       | Android       - Android Auto       - Fitbit       - Google Fi
       | - Google Fiber       - Google Flights       - Google Translate
       | - Google Pay       - Waymo
       | 
       | In the best case, killing these will force consumers to move to
       | Apple. You wanna talk monopoly? You haven't seen anything yet.
       | 
       | Apple has no alternative for much of the Business-focused
       | products, so that will take considerable time for companies to
       | adopt alternatives. But in the meantime, the world will become
       | pretty broken for a lot of companies that depend on these tools.
       | This will affect many more people than just Google's direct
       | users. The whole web will shrink, and huge swaths of the
       | worldwide economy will disappear. Businesses closing, lost jobs,
       | shrinking economies, lack of services.
       | 
       | There are plenty of parties who want to see Google lose or take
       | part of its businesses. But if it's not done extremely carefully,
       | there's a very large stack of dominoes that are poised to fall.
        
         | wpm wrote:
         | Too big to fail means too big to exist. Google et. al should
         | never have been allowed to get this large, same as those banks.
         | 
         | Better late than never.
        
           | worik wrote:
           | > Too big to fail means too big to exist. Google et. al
           | should never have been allowed to get this large
           | 
           | I agree
           | 
           | But placing limits on private property accumulation is a
           | controversial idea
           | 
           | But it is an idea who's time must come, or we face a dreadful
           | future of robber barrons and peons
        
         | wavemode wrote:
         | It's not clear to me why you believe that an antitrust ruling
         | against Google would make them bankrupt. At worst they will lay
         | off workers. But a post-antitrust google is still a viable
         | company
        
           | The_Blade wrote:
           | somehow, after the ATT, Microsoft, Standard Oil, or American
           | Tobacco antitrust suits, the constituent parts and country
           | soldiered on
        
             | const_cast wrote:
             | Yeah, especially Tobacco. I mean, there hasn't been an
             | industry gutted that hard ever. They were attacked from all
             | sides. They can't even fucking advertise anymore, and when
             | they can, they have to tell you "hey don't buy this it
             | kills you". And then, cherry on top, when consumers do buy
             | this product, they're allowed to use it in like < 1% of
             | spaces.
             | 
             | And yet, somehow, Tobacco is still profitable.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | This is very North America-centric. Smoking is still
               | rampant in many countries, including parts of Europe. It
               | was actually a bit of a culture shock for me.
        
         | x0x0 wrote:
         | This is nonsense. Some people may have to sign up to Google One
         | to pay them a fee starting at $20/year to access
         | gmail/drive/docs/groups/forms. We, and they, will all live
         | through.
         | 
         | etc.
        
         | dataflow wrote:
         | Would YouTube not also be affected here? I don't have numbers
         | but it seems to me a huge number of people depend on it as both
         | consumers and producers, and I'm not sure it has any viable
         | alternatives.
         | 
         | My even bigger worry is actually the effects on privacy,
         | security, and people's data. I'm very curious what other
         | companies people would trust more with their data.
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | Why would it? Youtube sells ads (and premium subscriptions)
           | on its own. It doesn't really need the rest of Google, and
           | can just continue living as a separate company.
        
           | worik wrote:
           | > ta. I'm very curious what other companies people would
           | trust more with their data.
           | 
           | The problem is one company with all the data.
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | > The problem is one company with all the data.
             | 
             | I realize, but the idea that we won't have another giant
             | company succeeding at achieving the same seems like wishful
             | thinking.
        
         | ardacinar wrote:
         | Are we sure that the things listed here will not go away in a
         | few years if Google continues to exist?
         | 
         | https://killedbygoogle.com/
        
           | suddenexample wrote:
           | People bringing up this site in this specific way is a pet
           | peeve of mine. What's the largest product that they sunset
           | with no replacement? Stadia? Given the number of products
           | Google has, I wouldn't consider their track record below
           | average.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | And they reimbursed all purchases, including hardware you
             | got to keep.
             | 
             | As sad as killing Stadia was (it's still the best cloud
             | gaming service, the UX was marvelous), it couldn't have
             | been done better.
        
             | satvikpendem wrote:
             | I agree. The vast majority of products "killed by Google"
             | were ones no one were using and many were consolidated into
             | other products.
        
               | The_Blade wrote:
               | i'm a rageaholic! i just can't live without rageahol!
        
         | fsh wrote:
         | This list is very telling. Instead of a healthy marketplace of
         | companies competing to sell their software and services, we end
         | up with one monopolist who gives away mediocre products and in
         | return taxes everything you buy (in the form of ad spending),
         | and then annoys you with the same ads. How is this a desirable
         | outcome?
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | Because the vast majority of people don't want to and have
           | zero intention pf paying separately for email, maps,
           | navigation, browser, etc.
           | 
           | In fact, that's how things used to be before Google and their
           | ilk used ads to make an ecosystem, and their ecosystem was
           | _better_ and free at the point of use than what came before
        
             | fsh wrote:
             | The vast majority of people are paying separately for all
             | kinds of stuff. I don't see a reason why software and
             | digital services have to be different. In the early days,
             | payment was difficult, but this has been long solved. I am
             | convinced that the quality would improve dramatically if
             | there was some actual competition.
             | 
             | Also most people would probably prefer not to pay for the
             | ad fees that google extorts from pretty much any company.
        
               | ikiris wrote:
               | With the exception of fi, If you think any of those
               | services are something people want to pay yet another
               | saas subscription for, you've been hitting your own
               | supply too much.
        
           | FridayoLeary wrote:
           | There is nothing mediocre about the search engine, gmail,
           | maps, android, chrome etc.. etc. Do they all have room for
           | for improvement? Probably. But they are simply incredibly,
           | breathtakingly good products. Search, maybe has gotten worse
           | in recent years, but it's still amazing.
           | 
           | Maps and Satelleite view are astounding, especially when you
           | consider that they are free.
           | 
           | >How is this a desirable outcome?
           | 
           | The list speaks for itself. There are many valid complaints
           | against google, but this is not one of them.
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | Google collapsing would be an _incredible_ gift to the economy.
         | Some companies are paying 30% in their advertising budget,
         | before we even talk about the Play Store tax. We _all_ pay an
         | incredible amount for Google 's existence, and a massive
         | renaissance of technology development would occur if it stopped
         | sucking all of the air out of the room.
         | 
         | Apart from all of the illegal things, it's just bad that it
         | exists.
        
         | ardit33 wrote:
         | This is juvenile thinking... none of them will go away. They
         | can be independent services themselves, and be pretty
         | profitable at it.
         | 
         | The upshoot is if they are independent, they will be forced to
         | compete fairly with other services. Which, does increase
         | competition and choice.
        
           | root_axis wrote:
           | Most would go away and be replaced by another monopolist.
           | Likely Microsoft or Apple.
        
         | hamilyon2 wrote:
         | Android in this list stands out.
         | 
         | If Android goes away, I am not sure who is there to pick up The
         | OS of the world, not IOS, certainly, but who?
         | 
         | All else, good riddance. More competition will make better
         | products.
        
           | nativeit wrote:
           | A non-profit collective of device manufacturers and software
           | developers could probably create a very effective and potent
           | steward for Android's long-term development. But I wouldn't
           | hold my breath.
        
             | worik wrote:
             | Linux?
        
               | const_cast wrote:
               | Kinda, yeah. I mean Android is already Linux, just with
               | suspicious, proprietary drivers that hold it back. Some
               | Android phones are still running kernel 3!
               | 
               | If manufacturers would just upstream their drivers and
               | make them less shit, then android could take advantage of
               | the entire body of work in GNU/Linux userland.
        
           | rs186 wrote:
           | I can imagine manufacturers that are fully in the Android
           | ecosystem come together to maintain Android, including
           | Xiaomi, Samsung, Oppo etc. There won't be as many feature
           | updates, but it's not like Google puts a lot of resources in
           | Android, or Android is delivering many features these days --
           | Google moved/laid off many people on Android teams, and many
           | of the recent updates are very minor features. Just look at
           | what's new in Android 14 or 15 -- barely anything. I stopped
           | getting excited about or even caring about major version
           | updates for a while. The pace has already slowed down quite a
           | bit compared to a decade ago, and the ecosystem is very
           | mature and stable.
        
         | nataliste wrote:
         | What happens to the assets of the dead Google? Will regulators
         | actually let FAAN take over broad swaths of it? Not likely.
         | It's much more likely that regional or smaller businesses will
         | enter the vaccuum. Similarly but from the consumer side, I
         | already know for many of these, there are already viable
         | alternatives that would easily scale with demand.
         | 
         | Even further, if your business is coupled entirely to the
         | continued existence of a single corporation, or if the totality
         | of your economy is entirely coupled to the continued existence
         | of a single corporation, we have a word for that: a monopoly.
         | As far as I know, permitting the existence of monopolies is
         | broadly agreed upon by experts to be a bad idea for many
         | reasons, the least of which is the stifling of viable
         | alternatives. The most severe is that it threatens the
         | legitimacy of the entire government through regulatory capture
         | and, at root, there is no organization that I think is actually
         | "too big to fail" except the actual government.
         | 
         | Breaking up Google creates short-term disruptions and penalizes
         | those that let the market even get to the point that the FTC
         | and DOJ needed to intervene (I'm looking at you Mozilla).
         | Everyone, including those now dependent on Google, is benefited
         | in the longterm.
        
         | ccppurcell wrote:
         | I think comparing to banks is silly. Banks don't have
         | competitive advantages like Google has. When banks fail it is
         | not because they lost a competitive advantage (other than the
         | competitive advantage of competent management). The catastrophe
         | associated with a major bank collapse has to do with the
         | specific function of banks in the financial system, not just:
         | oh where are all their customers going to go?
        
           | janalsncm wrote:
           | Exactly. Even if Google search shut down tomorrow the economy
           | would go on. It's competitors are probably worse but it
           | wouldn't cause a run on the banks, which is a specific
           | financial emergency.
        
         | worik wrote:
         | Yes please
         | 
         | The existence of none of those services depend on Google, and
         | Google's cross subsidisation distorts the environment
         | dreadfully
         | 
         | Worse it puts Google at the centre of so many data flows, and
         | now we realise we do not want a single index of all data, it is
         | positively destructive
         | 
         | Good riddance Google.
        
         | janalsncm wrote:
         | Because Google has monopoly power, they can charge whatever
         | they want for ads, and every company in the economy has to pay
         | it. So there's a pretty good argument the economy is being held
         | back by a "Google tax".
         | 
         | Most of the services you listed above are hardly best in class,
         | and giving them away for free is basically scraps off of the
         | table. The ones which are best in class like Waymo have a good
         | shot at being commercially successful on their own.
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | > Here's a small number of things that will die when Google
         | dies.
         | 
         | I dispute that. Google Docs/Drive/Mail are supported by
         | enterprise subscriptions. Android Auto is also a commercial
         | product that can live off license fees. Fi/Fiber/Pay/Waymo are
         | also not free services, and can survive on their own.
         | 
         | Free GMail/Forms/Groups/Translate can probably survive off ad
         | revenue that they can get from third parties. They are pretty
         | trivial expenses at this point.
         | 
         | Android and Chrome are the main projects at risk.
        
           | rs186 wrote:
           | To be fair, nobody outside the company knows if Fi/Fiber/Pay
           | are viable businesses, or they are on life support but still
           | around because of the unlimited cash Google has. One can
           | _guess_ they are profitable because they have been around for
           | quite a while and still kicking. But nothing says they won 't
           | be the next thing in Google graveyard -- plenty of services
           | seemed to be doing ok before a major reorg sent them to
           | death.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | For the sake of argument, let's grant the implication that
         | Google is in danger of going out of business. Even so, if our
         | economy is at the point where one company going out of business
         | would cripple it, it's almost certainly worth the pain of
         | decoupling from that company. It would hurt, but we would get
         | through it, and it would be better in the long run. On the
         | other hand, if we just threw up our hands and said "do whatever
         | you want, Google, you're too important for us to tell you what
         | to do" then we're pretty much at their mercy. I can't imagine
         | things getting better or fixing themselves in that situation.
        
         | rs186 wrote:
         | Let them die. The world will be a better place.
         | 
         | Some of the services you mentioned are already very irrelevant:
         | 
         | * Fitbit -- no explanation necessary
         | 
         | * Google translate -- I don't know about if people use their
         | APIs, but for me personally, I have not used translate for a
         | few years. ChatGPT has been my go-to.
         | 
         | * Google Pay -- it has a smaller market share than Samsung Pay.
         | 
         | Then next tiers of services -- they are doing ok but there are
         | plenty of competitors in the field:
         | 
         | * Gmail, Drive, Docs, Groups, Forms, Cloud, Flights, Fi
         | 
         | I even use some of them, but I really don't care if they go
         | away.
         | 
         | Life gets a bit more difficult if Maps, Chrome and Android are
         | gone all of a sudden. Maybe we'll be back to using Garmin.
         | Heck, I love the idea that everybody uses Nokia, Bing or Garmin
         | for navigation, and we actually have a decent website -- like
         | the Yelp or Zagar in the old days -- for restaurant reviews. I
         | still see "#1 Rated Zagat" stickers from near two decades ago
         | at many restaurants.
         | 
         | Anyway, personally, for the vast majority of the things listed
         | here, I don't see them going away being a bad thing that would
         | even affect as many people as you think.
        
         | light_hue_1 wrote:
         | Good. Every one of those products makes our lives significantly
         | worse.
         | 
         | Almost all of these products are subpar garbage that would
         | never survive in a competitive world. Almost none of them have
         | done anything different or interesting or new for over a
         | decade.
         | 
         | All these products do is use the search monopoly to take away
         | the opportunity for us to have good versions of them.
        
         | trevor-e wrote:
         | When I worked in the travel tech industry several years ago, it
         | was basically unfair to compete against Google Flights. We just
         | accepted they didn't have to pay for marketing and had infinite
         | compute to work with, and had to differentiate in other ways.
         | They could operate the business at a loss and not really care
         | because it was still good for Google as a whole to have user's
         | travel data. They built a great product but didn't have to play
         | by the rules everyone else had to follow.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | It's also stopped being great.
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | Just to pick one of these: google Flights sucks. It had a
         | better competitor - Hipmunk - which went under because Google
         | ate their lunch by integrating flights search into the main
         | search product. Don't know how many of these Google products
         | have similar stories, but it's probably a non zero numbers.
         | 
         | What we're getting, in many of these cases, is an _inferior_
         | product that drove out better competitors through Google search
         | integration.
        
         | aucisson_masque wrote:
         | That's the very reason we need to break down Google.
         | 
         | It's already too late, Google is already a monopolistic beast.
         | 
         | Waiting even more will only make things much worst with the a.i
         | revolution.
        
       | hshshshshsh wrote:
       | Isn't there an obvious conflict of interest here? YC Wil benefit
       | if Google is to share its index with startups. YC will fund
       | hundreds of companies and then one of them will end up monopoly.
       | What kind of bs is this. Cycle repeats.
        
         | jmward01 wrote:
         | Kind of the point of breaking up a monopoly is that it benefits
         | a lot of the rest of the industry since the monopoly had been
         | hindering it before. Also, it looks like you are saying any
         | interest = a conflict of interest. Should only entities that
         | have no interest in this matter be allowed to file in this way?
        
       | PunchTornado wrote:
       | These people have financial interests in destroying google. Why
       | would a judge take their opinion into consideration?
        
       | dismalaf wrote:
       | Not sure a VC firm with a vested interest in Google failing
       | should be allowed to have an opinion here...
       | 
       | I always thought the point of the government breaking up
       | monopolies was to prevent anti-competitive behaviour, not simply
       | to punish companies for being too successful.
       | 
       | If we want to talk about what's best for the economy and
       | startups, there's a bunch of large companies that could be broken
       | up for the benefit of society, but not sure that's entirely fair
       | either.
        
         | ezfe wrote:
         | There are two ways to remedy an anti competitive monopoly:
         | 
         | Behavioral remedies where the government gets involved with
         | google's business and maintains ongoing control to ensure they
         | behave.
         | 
         | Structural remedies where the government separates the company
         | into parts and then-crucially-leaves them alone for the most
         | part.
         | 
         | The "ideal" solution is to magically stop Google from being
         | anticompetitive but that is unrealistic.
         | 
         | The realistic solution is to split Google apart and kneecap its
         | data flywheel to force it to compete.
        
           | dismalaf wrote:
           | Except no one is providing much evidence that Google is anti-
           | competitive. It's more like they're simply too good at
           | competing so competitors want to knee-cap them...
           | 
           | Exhibit A: Bing's top search query is "google".
        
       | l72 wrote:
       | The search part of Google doesn't bother me. I have other options
       | and I now reach for an llm first, then fall back to ddg. What I
       | do think needs to be separated are: 1) Ads and analytics 2)
       | Chrome 3) Google Play Services.
       | 
       | Googles ad platform and analytics are difficult to avoid. Even
       | with browser extensions, dns blocking, and aggressive firewall
       | rules, this is virtually impossible to avoid. I am shocked at how
       | many websites and apps break when these are blocked. There needs
       | to be a much healthier ecosystem without a single company
       | gobbling all this up.
       | 
       | Chrome is also a big issue. Google has regularly used its web
       | sites and android to heavily push chrome. They also use that
       | influence for web "standards" that are not really standards. On
       | top of it, even googles own sites are often terrible with non
       | chrome based browsers. We need a variety of user agents and we
       | need real standards that a truly independent body has a say in.
       | The web has matured and we don't need to be in a race for new
       | apis and features right now.
       | 
       | Google play services are also a huge pain point. When developing
       | for Android, you almost have to use them. Running Android without
       | Google Play services or with an alternate is a futile effort if
       | you want any sort of main stream app. My degoogled work phone is
       | mostly useless for anything. We definitely need standards for
       | these services with replaceable components that are transparent
       | to the apps.
        
       | sakoht wrote:
       | Currently most websites have a snip of code that posts to Google
       | when a visitor arrives. The cookie there is linked to an identity
       | and later used to push ads, and metrics for the site user. It
       | seems like this is the thing to make broadly available. Anyone
       | with $ can index the web. But nobody can get every websites to
       | update to post to 2+ destinations. Multiple companies should be
       | able to listen to that feed, and then be responsible for tracking
       | and indexing on their own.
        
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