[HN Gopher] Radxa Orion O6 brings Arm to the midrange PC (with c...
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       Radxa Orion O6 brings Arm to the midrange PC (with caveats)
        
       Author : goranmoomin
       Score  : 78 points
       Date   : 2025-05-10 12:16 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.jeffgeerling.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.jeffgeerling.com)
        
       | wjnc wrote:
       | Can anyone explain me the economics of why a novelty hardware
       | supplier would Not invest in drivers / software in parallel?
       | There must be a good reason for this to happen, it even happens
       | at the other end of the scale, but I would think the very basis
       | (just any drivers, not even good ones) are an affordable
       | investment? What use is your product if every review will say
       | "good product, alas Windows and Linux won't run"?
       | 
       | A reason I can imagine that drivers are (I don't know!) somewhat
       | interchangeable, so invest in drivers for your product and you
       | are stimulating all current and future competitors as well.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > Can anyone explain me the economics of why a novelty hardware
         | supplier would Not invest in drivers / software in parallel?
         | 
         | There is _no single company from Asia_ that deals in mass
         | produced consumer goods that 's capable of doing decent
         | hardware and decent software at the same time. As soon as you
         | take a peek below the surface, no matter what, it begins to
         | reek.
         | 
         | Let's just go through the stuff I personally own or have
         | experience in peeking... Samsung does decent hardware, but
         | their modifications to Android, or their "hacks" for
         | powersaving that keep messing up apps, or their "smart" TVs
         | that are buggy and slow as fuck (not to mention riddled with
         | ads!)... Sony makes excellent cameras hardware-wise but the
         | software/firmware side sucks ass - the fact that they require a
         | dedicated software to be used as a webcam instead of just
         | exposing UVC is already braindead enough, but even more so
         | given that they run on Linux and the Linux kernel already ships
         | with UVC gadgets. Nintendo makes excellent games but even the
         | new Switch 2 ships with a chipset that's years old. Mediatek's
         | leaks for BSPs / Android are frightening in terms of code
         | quality.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, the competition just isn't there. Chinese
         | companies are even worse penny-pinchers than Korean or
         | Taiwanese, and Western companies outside of Apple and Raspberry
         | Pi just don't give a shit because they can't compete with Asian
         | price dumpers or because, like many things in the ham radio
         | scene, get cloned in a matter of months.
        
           | digisocialnet wrote:
           | What about DJI?
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | Let's just say I'm pissed about the Mini 3 Pro's
             | controller. Has an USB-C host and client port but isn't
             | capable of actually using them for anything relevant, and
             | the built-in wifi is rotten. Zero way of extending the
             | drone's functionality by writing one's own apps/scripts -
             | but the cheaper N1 that just uses a phone, there's hacks
             | for it...
        
             | cgio wrote:
             | For one their app does not work on a recent pixel but does
             | e.g. on an oppo...Id say GP argument is valid.
        
           | wjnc wrote:
           | Any thoughts into the Why? Culture, finance, ...? I get your
           | point. Also thinking about Sony or Nintendo. Billions more to
           | be made if only those firms where more technically-commercial
           | (make accounts and buying stuff for parents Easy).
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | Cutthroat capitalism is definitely part of the reasons,
             | especially when looking at China and the low end of the
             | market. When there are dozens if not hundreds of factories
             | that have the skilled people to put up a hardware design
             | either from scratch or as a clone of something already
             | existing, "time to market" trumps everything - the earlier
             | you can get the product on Alibaba, Temu or the alphabet-
             | soup sellers on Amazon, the better. As soon as the hardware
             | is ready and the software somewhat stable, out the door it
             | goes - there is no responsibility, no accountability along
             | the chain, so why invest in it?
             | 
             | For the "big ticket" brand items, honestly I don't know. If
             | anything I wouldn't blame it on culture (partially because
             | I lack enough knowledge of Asian cultures, partially
             | because blaming systemic issue on culture can quickly
             | devolve into outright racism), but on capitalist incentives
             | once again - the common standard seems to be "as low in
             | terms of quality as you can get away with", there is no
             | market force pushing for better products, and no
             | legal/regulatory pressure either.
        
             | drob518 wrote:
             | IMO, it's company culture and focus. At Apple, they are
             | focused foremost on designing the customer experience. If
             | you've ever unboxed one of their products, you can tell
             | from the first moment that they care about even this part
             | of the product life. It's only 5 minutes and yet someone
             | has clearly spent time on it. That carries through to the
             | integration of hardware and software in the products. That
             | doesn't mean Apple is the best at either hardware or
             | software. IMO, there are companies that do just as well or
             | better at either of those things. But Apple does whole
             | product design better than anyone. That is something that
             | is very difficult to add to an organization that doesn't
             | understand it. IMO, it really started for Apple with Steve
             | Jobs and being the founder, he was able to drive that into
             | the culture. But it wasn't there even for them at the
             | start. IMO, it really got going when Steve returned the
             | second time and drove products like iMac and iPod.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | Apple products aren't just well designed, but they feel
               | like each has specific tiny set of target audiences they
               | are built for. That would be a very politically unpopular
               | move in East Asian cultures, one that could socially kill
               | the targeted group.
        
           | betterThanTexas wrote:
           | > There is no single company from Asia that deals in mass
           | produced consumer goods that's capable of doing decent
           | hardware and decent software at the same time.
           | 
           | Doesn't apple do most of their manufacturing in asia? I don't
           | get your point. We certainly can't match this quality in the
           | west.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > Doesn't apple do most of their manufacturing in asia?
             | 
             | Yes, but on the back of every MacBook there is the line
             | "Designed by Apple in California" and the software is made
             | in California as well.
             | 
             | Asia is just chosen for manufacturing because of the close
             | proximity of supply chain vendors and cheap but reliable
             | labor cost.
        
               | betterThanTexas wrote:
               | Well then Asia is de-facto doing the hardware. Apple is
               | just paying for it.
               | 
               | Apple is famously sitting on a mountain of cash. How
               | easily do you think they could replicate the supply chain
               | of even one of their products without outsourcing it?
        
               | drob518 wrote:
               | Apple is designing the hardware in the USA, not Asia.
               | Asia designs the manufacturing process, which they are
               | quite good at.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > Asia designs the manufacturing process, which they are
               | quite good at.
               | 
               | Not even that, for some parts like the aluminium cases
               | ("unibody") or the laser-bored microholes in their old
               | magsafe connector for the LEDs, Apple designed the whole
               | process.
        
           | mbreese wrote:
           | I don't think there is a need to limit this geographically.
           | As a rule hardware companies are bad at software. It doesn't
           | really matter where they are from. If you're including things
           | like TVs that spy on you, don't forget Visio. They are one of
           | the poster children for making TVs with content tracking
           | and/were they are based in California.
           | 
           | The exceptions I see include Apple and Raspberry Pi. And even
           | then, there are missteps.
           | 
           | It's not intentional... it's just that companies rarely have
           | integration as one of their core strengths. If you're a
           | hardware company, you are good at making hardware. The skills
           | necessary for that are very different than the skills needed
           | for software. To get both, you need management that values
           | both and can build the separate teams. Especially true when
           | you can argue that you're working with the "community" to
           | build out software and fix bugs. If you're still selling
           | enough hardware, how can you say these companies are wrong?
           | 
           | That's honestly a hard thing to do unless that is your
           | competitive advantage. And for Apple and Raspberry Pi, I'd
           | argue that is their competitive advantage in their markets.
           | For a long time they were the small fish in big ponds. So
           | they needed to have some trait that allowed them to command
           | higher margins. Integration of hardware and software was it.
        
           | bgnn wrote:
           | This is slightly racist and totally wrong on many many
           | points. Are American hardware companies better at software?
           | Dell? HP? Vizio? Intel? AMD? Or European companies: Philips,
           | Siemens? It's all the same. Even Apple has the abomination of
           | iOS on their great HW..
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > Are American hardware companies better at software? Dell?
             | HP? Vizio? Intel? AMD?
             | 
             | Depends. If you're looking for consumer goods, they're just
             | as dogshit as everyone else. Products intended for large
             | commercial customers, particularly where support contracts
             | are involved, tend to be actually decent.
             | 
             | > Or European companies: Philips, Siemens?
             | 
             | Never had an issue with Hue, never had an issue with Bosch-
             | Siemens "white goods".
             | 
             | > Even Apple has the abomination of iOS on their great HW..
             | 
             | iOS certainly is not an abomination. I'm using both Android
             | and iOS, and the latter is much more polished.
        
           | markvdb wrote:
           | s/from Asia//
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | _There is no single company from Asia that market electronic
           | physical experience_. Other than Nintendo. IOW there 's
           | Nintendo.
           | 
           | East Asian companies hasn't shifted into maximizing perceived
           | values over functions. I think it just feels fake and wrong
           | to many. Another factor that I think might exist is, it might
           | be simply hard to inflate values and sell experiences as East
           | Asian company entities without good connections and/or
           | cultural understanding to sell to developed Western markets.
           | 
           | East Asian engineers don't share the pain points as Western
           | audiences. People don't use webcams - less sympathies exist
           | for the urge to see faces. People don't use Linux on laptop -
           | Windows is normal and fine. Don't recognize annoyances as
           | annoying as often - it's considered signs of weakness. (Not
           | sure about Nintendo complaints - people everywhere happily
           | pay $80 for another Mario remakes on top of $500 console.
           | Isn't that what you're asking for?). Kids aren't as
           | interested in ROM cooking or piracy or software freedom in
           | general - way more interested in enforcing IP rights
           | themselves than demanding something from IP holders.
           | 
           | Or, widespread "just don't give a shit because they can't
           | compete with Asian price dumpers" could be another reason.
           | East Asian nations each has its own internal markets with
           | massive surplus production capacities. Western companies had
           | progressively moved into value engineering for survival, as
           | Swiss watch industry famously did. The costs of East Asian
           | physical products never represented its cost in the first
           | place, only utility in context of economy at export
           | destinations, and that might have affected how companies at
           | the destinations have come to be.
        
         | ZiiS wrote:
         | To a certain extent if your reviewers can just turn it on they
         | spend their time benchmarking.
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | Some of us try out every possible interface... but it turns
           | into quite a slog, as usually only about half the advertised
           | features work by the time the board ships to the public.
           | Things like GPIO, display interfaces, NPUs, etc usually
           | require a lot of tweaks if they work at all.
           | 
           | The O6 was better in that regard than many boards, but the
           | bar is not very high.
        
         | jrmg wrote:
         | With the dearth of drivers as described, how do the
         | manufacturers even know that all the hardware works? That there
         | are no flaws in how it's all wired together? How do they test
         | everything?
        
           | Palomides wrote:
           | the chip manufacturer usually craps out a hacked up android
           | build
        
             | dijit wrote:
             | ok, but, naively... Android is Linux with a userland- so
             | the drivers must exist in some form.
        
               | kanwisher wrote:
               | Android has some ability to have binary drivers that
               | aren't easily reusable for normal linux branches
        
               | notpushkin wrote:
               | Yup. There's libhybris/Halium which wraps Android drivers
               | for glibc-based Linux distros, but I think it's more of a
               | hack / stopgap solution.
        
         | arghwhat wrote:
         | From the perspective of drivers Radxa is not the hardware
         | manufacturer. They combine off the shelf hardware according to
         | its documentation to create a product.
         | 
         | Sometimes the original suppliers will have drivers, sometimes
         | they just ship documentation and let it be up to the customers
         | to write it, sometimes someone else contributed upstream
         | support. When you get "drivers" from e.g. Lenovo, they didn't
         | write them - they're just sending what they got along.
         | 
         | Nothing would work if there weren't drivers in general, the
         | issue is that hardware can be configured in multiple ways and
         | it's not all going to have have proper support or be well
         | tested. In Linux land, this stuff sorts itself out as people
         | get their hands on the hardware, pretty similar to how e.g.
         | laptop support comes to be.
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | ARM themself have an open rec right now for someone to work on
         | GPU drivers, the one in this SoC isn't supported by panthor.
        
         | buyucu wrote:
         | It looks like they are trying to mainline the code to Linux:
         | https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-arm-kernel/cover/...
         | 
         | My guess is that they wanted the board to be available to devs
         | early to get feedback. I might buy this board in a few months,
         | when it will likely work out of the mainline kernel.
        
         | jauntywundrkind wrote:
         | ARM has such a mess. They don't actually make chips. And they
         | don't make a sizable % of the design that goes into chips.
         | There's all kinds of other IP, from power management to USB
         | controllers, all manners of things they don't do.
         | 
         | So then the task falls to the chip makers. Who each are trying
         | to figure out what to do themselves.
         | 
         | These folks don't usually want to do that or have the chops.
         | There's usually one or many different folks taking off the
         | shelf open source and porting it to this particular platform.
         | These folks have a strong strong anti-incentive to do the right
         | thing to upstream support: no one's gonna keep buying sdk's
         | from these software vendors if they upstream support. And it
         | _is_ a pain to upstream support, to spend possibly years
         | figuring out the long term way to do something.
         | 
         | (Notably some good players who focus on mainlining have
         | emerged: Bootlin, Collabora.)
         | 
         | It's all so terrible. Theres some attempts to mature the
         | platform, to make some standards so at least folks can boot
         | something maybe (SystemReady and an array of neighboring
         | acronyms). But man, it's so bad, your question is so searing,
         | so obvious. This whole world systematically seems unable to do
         | the right obvious good thing for itself, has resolutely
         | remained a shitty backwater for 3+ decades versus x86.
        
           | ChocolateGod wrote:
           | > to make some standards so at least folks can boot something
           | maybe
           | 
           | There's still no incentive to do this outside of server
           | hardware (Red Hat doesn't support rebuilds of RHEL). Why
           | bother making a firmware stack that allows anything to boot
           | when you can just modify the Linux kernel to work on your
           | non-standard hardware and work around any bugs, publish an
           | Ubuntu image that you'll only update a few times and then
           | call it a day. Then, maybe, just maybe, support for your SBC
           | will be upstreamed a few years later, but long after it's
           | actually useful.
           | 
           | Look how messed up and fragmented Android is still, even
           | Windows Phone had a UEFI stack that in theory could allow all
           | Windows phones of a certain architecture to have a shared
           | image (although I don't believe this was fully achieved).
           | 
           | Imagine if Windows or Fedora for x64 had to be repacked for
           | every single motherboard/CPU combination, it'd be insane, yet
           | somehow it's fine for ARM, what a joke it's been allowed to
           | become. I think electronic waste regulation is going to be
           | needed to sort it out.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Someone told me once, yes we set breakpoint _on the CPU_ ,
           | doesn't do anything to the AMBA bus on SoC it's a peripheral
           | you know, the bus clock keeps going and DMA keeps going in
           | and out if you stop the CPU, that's how we debug stuffs young
           | man.
           | 
           | I was like, that sounds fun...
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | Drivers are extremely expensive to develop (like 10x more than
         | the hardware) and mostly interchangeable so every company is
         | trying to free-ride on someone else to develop the drivers.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | Is this so they can say they are "Orion Arm", which is where we
       | are in the Milky Way galaxy?
        
         | drob518 wrote:
         | Clever
        
       | zettabomb wrote:
       | I bought one of these, with the full 64GB of RAM. So far it's
       | been a fun machine to play with. In UEFI mode I can install
       | Fedora 42 with essentially zero issues (it tells you that the
       | bootloader didn't install but actually it did and works fine),
       | which is quite smooth for ARM. It will be nice to see the CPU
       | clusters, GPU/NPU drivers, and various PCIe snags worked out, but
       | I really like what it has at this price point (assuming you're
       | not in the US).
        
         | irusensei wrote:
         | Does the CPU includes something like an fTPM? The documentation
         | also suggests there is an unsoldered TPM included.
        
           | zettabomb wrote:
           | As far as I can tell, no. It's a separate footprint on the
           | PCB, not difficult to add if you've done a bit of soldering.
           | I haven't tried that yet.
        
         | cenamus wrote:
         | I actually had the bootloader error message on my install too
         | (regular intel amd64 CPU), so might be something else
        
         | buyucu wrote:
         | does Vulkan work? It's a must-have for llama.cpp.
        
           | aseipp wrote:
           | There is a fork of Mesa with some support for the onboard GPU
           | (Immortals G720), but it's not upstream yet and might not be
           | for a while. Some people on the forums have installed various
           | discrete GPUs, which would obviously work (modulo bugs.)
           | 
           | There is also an open source driver for the NPU somewhere
           | (Zhouyi NPU) and some documentation, but nothing in an
           | upstream kernel yet. https://zhouyi-npu-
           | tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/0_radxa...
        
       | jasoneckert wrote:
       | > Prices for those in the US (like me) just tripled due to import
       | tariffs (ordering the 32 GB model went from $400 to $1500).
       | 
       | This was the biggest takeaway for me in this post. In the past,
       | to experiment with a particular piece of new hardware, we had to
       | a) obtain the hardware, and b) obtain or create software for it.
       | With a) fast becoming out-of-reach for most people, this puts a
       | dampener on b).
        
         | danieldk wrote:
         | There are a lot of open source developers outside the US. While
         | development will certainly take a hit, the world is larger than
         | the US. For more niche boards, it may not even change things
         | much - they are often hard to get due to limited supplies and
         | now more boards will just end up in the hands of developers on
         | other continents.
        
           | _whiteCaps_ wrote:
           | I'm not so sure about that. I think it's also possible that
           | these niche boards won't get built if they aren't able to
           | sell them in the US market.
        
             | buyucu wrote:
             | China has 1 billion more people than the US. These board
             | would still get built, it's just that you won't be able to
             | read the manuals because they will be in Chinese.
        
         | doawoo wrote:
         | Reading this line made me so mad. I've been a huge fan of lower
         | power ARM CPUs... this literally just halt/hampers progress in
         | this country. I can't believe we have to put up with 4 full
         | years of this crap.
         | 
         | I would have purchased this board in a heartbeat otherwise.
         | Ugh.
        
           | cyanydeez wrote:
           | ....atleast 4 years
        
       | irusensei wrote:
       | The whole tariff situation will probably dry out a significant
       | amount from the incentives for such boards and it seems the only
       | good options for a powerful ARM personal computer or home server
       | are basically Macs or Ampere.
        
         | walterbell wrote:
         | Asahi Linux is making slow but steady progress on Macs.
         | 
         | Ampere was acquired by Softbank, owner of Arm.
        
       | buyucu wrote:
       | This sounds like a cool board. Does anyone know if the APU works
       | with llama.cpp?
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | ARM China, and CIX, Cix CD8180 SoC, Armv9.2 Architecture.
       | 
       | I was under the impression that ARM China doesn't have the latest
       | license to Armv9 and stops at Armv8. While ARM HQ opened a
       | separate ARM Unit in Shanghai under a different name ARM
       | Something ( Some Chinese Phonetics ). But CIX has had this SOC
       | with Armv9 announced a while ago. So I assume ARM China is now
       | officially back under ARM HQ / Softbank control?
       | 
       | By Control I dont mean just swapping a new CEO but the actual
       | power structure of the company.
        
       | qwertox wrote:
       | Radxa has been notoriously bad at supporting their hardware from
       | the software side.
       | 
       | Their hardware is great, but they launch a product and then won't
       | offer a proper distribution for it, hoping that some developers
       | will take care of this for them, for free.
       | 
       | This is why I love Raspberry Pi so much: they care about the
       | software just as much as about the hardware, if not even more.
       | And that is great. Because the hardware, once you have it, that's
       | it, it won't change.
       | 
       | I don't know about Raspberry OS, but when I installed Raspbian 12
       | Bookworm on my first-gen Raspi with 500MB RAM, it worked. It's
       | now working as a VPN server.
       | 
       | See this, for example: The Zero 3e is a really great board, but
       | this is the software they offer for it https://github.com/radxa-
       | build/radxa-zero3/releases
       | 
       | 3 weeks ago: internal test build
       | 
       | Apr 8: internal test build
       | 
       | Jan 10, 2024: beta 6: Currently there is an issue preventing the
       | Debian CLI image from booting, and we suggest users to use the
       | Desktop variant instead for now. Ubuntu CLI: This flavor is
       | provided as-is except for critical issues. Users should look at
       | Debian CLI as an alternative.
       | 
       | There are now community maintained Armbian variants, but it took
       | a long time for them to appear. There was also a distibution by
       | some other volunteer, but Radxa did nothing.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | AIUI, even the Raspbian is only supported by a somewhat hacky
         | downstream kernel to begin with. It takes time to achieve
         | proper upstream support, and even then the community can only
         | succeed due to how popular the Raspberry Pi hardware is.
        
         | als0 wrote:
         | It at least supports SystemReady. Presumably any OS that is
         | SystemReady compatible will just work?
         | 
         | https://github.com/ARM-software/arm-systemready
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | The SystemReady firmware is currently a bit limited. Not only
           | does it still have high idle power consumption, it disables
           | 4/12 cores.
        
       | solarkraft wrote:
       | > once I installed the Nvidia proprietary driver with sudo
       | ubuntu-drivers install nvidia:570, it was quite stable
       | 
       | Didn't expect this to just be available for ARM. It really is
       | making its way out of ,,weird niche platform" territory to ,,it's
       | just a PC"! Especially together with the SystemReady firmware.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | The ARM Nvidia driver is needed for Tegra/Jetson and Grace
         | Hopper so it has been in the works for a long time.
        
         | walterbell wrote:
         | Nvidia spent time trying to acquire Arm, before regulators
         | blocked. Project Digits client on the way.
        
       | sunshine-o wrote:
       | > If you're just doing AI stuff or GPU compute, this board might
       | actually be a decent option, all things considered.
       | 
       | Looking at the benchmark [0]
       | 
       | When I first saw the board I thought this might be the RPi of the
       | "AI age" since it is IMHO the most affordable option with 64Gb of
       | RAM.
       | 
       | But I am always cautious if we can really make the most of the so
       | called "30 TOPS NPU"
       | 
       | - [0] https://github.com/geerlingguy/ollama-benchmark/issues/13
        
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