[HN Gopher] Intel: Winning and Losing
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       Intel: Winning and Losing
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 73 points
       Date   : 2025-05-10 11:19 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.abortretry.fail)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.abortretry.fail)
        
       | ashvardanian wrote:
       | The article mostly focuses on the 2008-2014 era.
        
       | igtztorrero wrote:
       | The Atom model was the breaking point for Intel. No one forgives
       | them for wasting their money on Atom-based laptops, which are
       | slower than a tortoise. Never play with the customer's
       | intelligence.
        
         | iwontberude wrote:
         | I could tell they were cooked when they bought McAfee.
        
           | jbverschoor wrote:
           | They what??
        
           | acroyear wrote:
           | yes, this was a direct consequence of the Craig Barrett
           | mentality. Intel wanted a finger in many pies, since it could
           | not predict what would be the next 'thing'. So they went on
           | multiple acquisition sprees hoping to hit gold on something.
           | I can't think of a single post-2000 acquisition that
           | succeeded.
        
         | Demiurge wrote:
         | I've always wondered, how do some smart companies, or smart
         | film directors, or smart musicians can fail so hard? I
         | understand that, sometimes, it's a matter of someone abusing a
         | project for personal gain. Some CEOs, workers just want to
         | pitch, pocket the money, and move on, but the level of
         | absurdity of some of the decisions made are counter-productive
         | the 'get rich quick' scheme too. I think there are self
         | perpetuating echo chamber self dellusions. Perhaps this is why
         | an outside perspective can see the painfully obvious. This is
         | probably why having some churn with the outside world, and also
         | understanding what is the periphery of the outside, unbiased
         | opinion is, is very important.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | It doesn't even have to be that negative. With the best
           | intentions in the world, it's rare to have a CEO who is
           | fundamentally capable of understanding both the technology
           | and the viable market applications of that technology. Steve
           | Jobs didn't manage to do it at NeXT.
        
             | acroyear wrote:
             | NeXT was a failed rocket launch (analogous to early rocket
             | failures within SpaceX). A great step forward and a
             | necessary step in the evolution of the PC. I thought NeXT
             | workstations were pretty bad-ass for their time and place.
             | Recall that only 3 years prior to NeXT, was computers like
             | the Atari ST .. what a vast difference!!
        
               | buescher wrote:
               | The original NeXT computer was a gorgeously sexy machine
               | but slow compared to competitive workstations and
               | considered very expensive for what it was at the time. It
               | also didn't have the software ecosystem of a less
               | expensive loaded PC or loaded Mac II. It's easy to look
               | back with hindsight and rose-tinted glasses, squint a
               | little, and see a macOS machine but it wouldn't be that
               | for many years.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | I mean, the NeXT, Atari ST and Mac computers around that
               | time were all m68k-based... And the Atari ST was the
               | cheapest by far, since it was competing in the home
               | computer market.
        
           | nikanj wrote:
           | Essentially no organizations actually reward telling your
           | superiors that they're wrong. You pretend to sip the kool-aid
           | and work on your resume. If one or two high-ranking leaders
           | are steering the ship to the rocks, there's basically nothing
           | the rank-and-file can do
        
             | igtztorrero wrote:
             | Who doth not answer to the rudder shall answer to the rock.
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | At some point organizations get taken over by the 9-5 crowd
           | who just want to collect a paycheck and live a nice life.
           | This also leads to the hard-driving talent to leave for more
           | aggressive organizations, leaving behind a more average team.
           | What leaders remain will come up with not so great ideas, and
           | the rank and file will follow along because there won't be a
           | critical mass of passionate thought leaders to find a better
           | way.
           | 
           | I don't mean to look down on this kind of group, I am
           | probably one of them. There is nothing wrong with people
           | enjoying a good work life balance at a decent paying job.
           | However, I think there is a reality that if one wants a
           | world-best company creating world-best products this is
           | simply not good enough. Just like a team of weekend warriors
           | would not be able to win the Superbowl (or even ever make it
           | anywhere close to a NFL team) - which is perfectly fine! -
           | the same way it's not fair to expect an average organization
           | to perform world champion feats.
        
             | keyringlight wrote:
             | I wonder if there will be a similar situation at nvidia,
             | which apparently has a challenge with so many of their
             | employees being rich as their stock has rocketed up in
             | value, and then could cause concerns about motivation or if
             | skilled and knowledgeable employees will leave.
        
               | iwontberude wrote:
               | I think many Nvidia employees will stick around because
               | their new found wealth being at the biggest most
               | important company in the world will give them insight
               | about the market they invest in. I make an order of
               | magnitude more day trading than as a software engineer at
               | a Mag7 company and I stay employed for the access to they
               | way modern businesses think. Companies like mine are an
               | amalgamation of management and engineering from other
               | Silicon Valley companies so the tribal knowledge gets
               | spread around to my neck of the woods.
        
             | mattkevan wrote:
             | Disagree. 9-5 working is fine, and probably more efficient
             | long term than permanent crunches.
             | 
             | Organisations fail when the 'business' people take over.
             | People who let short term money-thinking make the
             | decisions, instead good taste, vision or judgement.
             | 
             | Think Intel when they turned down making the iPhone chips
             | because they didn't think it'd be profitable enough, or
             | Google's head of advertising (same guy who killed yahoo
             | search) degrading search results to improve ad revenue.
             | 
             | Apple have been remarkably immune to it post-Jobs, but it's
             | clear that's on the way out with the recent revelations
             | about in-app purchases.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | I was working as a contractor in this period and remember
         | meeting a thermometer company. They had made the extremely
         | questionable decision to build it with Intel Edison, which used
         | an even lower performance product line called Quark. The Edison
         | chips baffled me. Worse performance than many ARM SoCs at the
         | time, far worse efficiency, and they cost so much. That
         | thermometer had a BOM cost of over $40 and barely enough
         | battery life for its intended purpose.
        
         | acroyear wrote:
         | Atom was shit. A desperation move. I was so embarrassed to
         | recommend a Poulsbo laptop to friend, it was the worst machine
         | I have every seen.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | The early Atoms had pretty good performance per watt compared
           | to Intel's other offerings. The whole 'netbook' and 'nettop'
           | market segment was pretty much enabled by the Atom chips, and
           | similar machines are still around nowadays. The E-cores found
           | in recent Intel generations are also very Atom-like.
        
             | acroyear wrote:
             | about a year after 'netbook's came out, the iPad was in the
             | wild and it destroyed any chance of these ever catching
             | on.. sure, they were cheaper, but the user experience on a
             | tablet was just so much better. (and tablets got cheaper
             | fast)
        
       | ianand wrote:
       | The site's domain name is the best use of a .fail tld ever.
        
         | jagged-chisel wrote:
         | OT from TFA, so high jacking your thread ...
         | 
         | I don't recall if there was ever a difference between "abort"
         | and "fail." I could choose to abort the operation, or tell it
         | ... to fail? That this is a failure?
         | 
         | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | Their domain name is probably most of their market cap
        
       | AnotherGoodName wrote:
       | I'll give a viewpoint that the article reads like a listing of
       | spec sheets and process improvements for CPUs of that era and not
       | much else. Not really worth reading imho.
       | 
       | I'd love some discussion on why Intel left XScale and went to
       | Atom and i think Itanium is worthy of discussion in this era too.
       | I don't really want a raw listing of [In year X Intel launched Y
       | with SPEC_SHEET_LISTING features].
        
         | deaddodo wrote:
         | > I'd love some discussion on why Intel left XScale and went to
         | Atom
         | 
         | I thought it was pretty obvious. They didn't control the ARM
         | ISA and ARM Ltd designs had caught up to + surpassed XScale
         | innovations (superscalar, Out-of-order pipelining, MIPS/w,
         | etc). So instead of further innovating they decided to launch a
         | competitor of their own ISA.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | Intel at the time was clear about it: they wanted to
           | concentrate fully on x86. They thought they could do
           | everything with x86; hadn't they already won against their
           | RISC competitors by pushing billions into x86? Why would ARM
           | be any different? Shortsighted, in hindsight, but you can see
           | how they got there.
        
         | MangoCoffee wrote:
         | >Itanium
         | 
         | IMO, Intel took us from common, affordable CPUs to high-priced,
         | "Intel-only" CPUs. It was originally designed to use Rambus
         | RAM, and it turned out Intel had a stake in that company. Intel
         | got greedy and tried to force the market to go the way it
         | wanted.
         | 
         | Honestly, AMD saved the x86 market for us common folks. Their
         | approach of extending x86 to 64-bit and adopting DDR RAM
         | allowed for the continuation of affordable, mainstream CPUs.
         | This enabled companies to buy tons of servers for cheap.
         | 
         | Intel's u-turn on x86-64 shows even they knew they couldn't
         | win.
         | 
         | AMD has saved Intel's x86 platform more than once. The market
         | wants a common, gradual upgrade path for the PC platform not a
         | sudden, expensive, single-vendor ecosystem.
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | Itanium didn't support RDRAM until Itanium 2.
        
       | dash2 wrote:
       | These are the years when Intel lost dominance, right? This
       | article doesn't seem to show much insight as to why that happened
       | or what caused the missteps.
        
         | BearOso wrote:
         | Intel really lost dominance when 14nm stagnated. This article
         | only goes up to that point.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | Yep, in 2014 Intel's Haswell architecture was a banger. It
           | was one of those occasional node+design intersections which
           | yields a CPU with an unusually long useful lifespan due to a
           | combination of Haswell being stronger than a typical gen and
           | the many generations that followed being decidedly 'meh'. In
           | fact, I still run a Haswell i5 in a well-optimized, slightly
           | overclocked retro gaming system (with a more modern SSD and
           | GFX card).
           | 
           | About a year ago I looked into what practical benefits I'd
           | gain if I upgraded the CPU and mobo to a more recent (but
           | still used) spec from eBay. Using it mainly for retro game
           | emulation and virtual pinball, I assessed single core
           | performance and no CPU/mobo upgrade looked potentially
           | compelling in real-world performance until at least 2020-ish
           | - which is pretty crazy. Even then, one of the primary
           | benefits would be access to NVME drives. It reminded me how
           | much Intel under-performed and, more broadly, how the end of
           | Moore's Law and Dennard Scaling combined around roughly
           | 2010-ish to end the 30+ year 'Golden Era' of scaling that
           | gave us computers which often roughly doubled performance
           | across a broad range of applications which you could feel in
           | everyday use - AND at >30% lower price - every three years or
           | so.
           | 
           | Nowadays 8% to 15% performance uplift across mainstream
           | applications at the same price is considered good and people
           | are delighted if the performance is >15% OR if the price for
           | the same performance drops >15%. If a generation delivers
           | both >15% performance AND >15% lower price it would be stop-
           | the-presses newsworthy. Kind of sad how our far our
           | expectations have fallen compared to 1995-2005 when >30% perf
           | at <30% price was considered baseline and >50% at <50% price
           | was good and ~double perf at around half price was "great
           | deal, time to upgrade again boys!".
        
         | ls612 wrote:
         | Intel lost dominance in the 2017-2019 era. The rise of Ryzen
         | and Apple finally deciding to switch to Apple Silicon were the
         | two fundamental blows to Intel. They have been able to make a
         | brief comeback in 2021-2022 with Alder Lake but quickly fell
         | behind again and now have staked everything on 18A being
         | competitive with TSMC N2 this year.
        
       | acroyear wrote:
       | Mr. Magoo-ism galore.
       | 
       | Intel had constantly try to bring in visionaries, but failed over
       | and over. With the exception of Jim Keller, Intel was duped into
       | believing in incompetent people. At a critical juncture during
       | the smart-phone revolution it was Mike Bell, a full-on Mr. Magoo.
       | He never did anything after his stint with Intel worth mentioning
       | - he was exposed as a pretender. Eric Kim would be another.
       | Murthy Renduchintala is another. It goes on and on. Also critical
       | was the the failure of an in-house exec named Anand Chandrasekher
       | who completely flubbed the mega-project coop between Intel and
       | Nokia to bring about Moblin OS and create a third phone ecosystem
       | to the marketplace. WHY would Anand be put in charge of such an
       | important effort?????? In Intel's defense, this project was
       | submarined by Nokia's Stephen Elop, who usurped their CEO and
       | left Intel standing at the altar. (Elop was a former Microsoft
       | exec, Microsoft was also working on their foray into smartphones
       | at the time. . very suspicious). XScale was mis-handled, Intel
       | had a working phone with XScale prior to the iPhone being release
       | .. but Intel was afraid of fostering a development community
       | outside of x86 (Balmer once chanted -> developer, developer,
       | developer). My guess is that ultimately, Intel suffers from the
       | Kodak conundrum, i.e. they have probably rejected true
       | visionaries because their ideas would always threaten the sacred
       | cash cows. They have been afraid to innovate at the expense of
       | profit margins (short term thinkers).
        
         | brcmthrowaway wrote:
         | Is Raja Koduri another phony?
        
           | acroyear wrote:
           | I don't know tbh, heard both good and bad things .. he was
           | brought in after many of the problems had already become
           | serious. He probably had a very difficult charter.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | Intel is a failed monopolist, unlike Apple! So is IBM with MCA,
       | micro-channel-architecture
        
         | acroyear wrote:
         | yes, they tried with the 'Compute Continuum' .. but this never
         | panned out. They spent loads of bandwidth and money trying to
         | bring this reality into being, but it failed miserably. They
         | assumed every user would have a smart-TV, smart-phone, tablet,
         | and desktop .. all running their hardware/software. Turns out,
         | no - they won't. They didn't "see" that the phone would
         | dominate the non-business segment as it has.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | I think a key reason they missed mobile is that it was during
           | Intel's peak dominance and growth. Mobile was smaller, less
           | powerful chips at lower prices _and_ lower margins than Intel
           | 's flagship CPUs in that era. The founders who built the
           | company were gone and Intel was a conglomerate run by people
           | hired/promoted for managing existing product/category growth
           | not discovering and homesteading new categories. They managed
           | the conglomerate with a portfolio approach of assessing new
           | opportunities on things Wall Street analysts focus on:
           | margins, total revenue, projected market size and meta-
           | metrics like 'return on capital'.
           | 
           | It's classic Christiansen "Innovator's Dilemma" disruption.
           | Market leading incumbents run by business managers won't
           | assess emerging unproven new opportunities as being worth
           | serious sustained investment compared to the existing
           | categories they're currently dominating.
        
             | aurizon wrote:
             | They wasted the $$ that could have saved Intel by buying
             | market shares back to the treasury to appease hedge fund
             | managers and accountants to increase the share price/yield
             | - a true 'bonfire of the Vanities', not to mention the
             | 'Shitanium' = born dead all tries at resuscitation failed.
             | That one also almost killed HP - it limps along - a broken
             | thing
        
             | acroyear wrote:
             | managers, yeh, intel luvs managers ;)
        
           | aurizon wrote:
           | Yes, the flowering of Moore's Law - especially with SSD and
           | memory density - that is still unfolding to the point that an
           | iPhone/android has power of a high end work station from the
           | year ~~2000, same with CMOS optical sensor density and
           | patterned lenses
        
             | acroyear wrote:
             | i don't think it's just the performance .. it's a form-
             | factor paradigm shift in the consumer end. the younger
             | generations just don't care about screen real estate as
             | much as genX and early Millenials did. the devices became
             | (surprisingly) much more addictive than what ppl expected
             | and consequently, the devices went into pockets, into bed
             | with them .. etc, sad really.
        
       | fidotron wrote:
       | The core problem at Intel is they promoted the myth that ISA has
       | no impact on performance to such a degree they started fully
       | believing it while also somehow believing their process advantage
       | was unassailable. By that time they'd accumulated so many
       | worthless departments that turning it around at any time after
       | 2010 was an impossibility.
       | 
       | You could be the greatest business leader in history but you
       | cannot save Intel without making most of the company hate you, so
       | it will not happen. Just look at the blame game being played in
       | these threads where somehow it's always the fault of these newly
       | found to be inept individuals, and never the blundering morass of
       | the bureaucratic whole.
        
         | high_na_euv wrote:
         | https://chipsandcheese.com/p/arm-or-x86-isa-doesnt-matter
        
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