[HN Gopher] Why 536 was 'the worst year to be alive' (2018)
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       Why 536 was 'the worst year to be alive' (2018)
        
       Author : Jimmc414
       Score  : 80 points
       Date   : 2025-05-09 19:07 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | ljlolel wrote:
       | They found a genetic bottleneck of a couple hundred individuals
       | some hundreds of thousands of years ago so that was probably
       | worse
        
         | simpaticoder wrote:
         | There have been several bottlenecks, the worst one was pre-
         | homosapien (~1000 individuals for 100k years):
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_bottleneck.
         | 
         | It is remarkable to imagine that every person alive now, or
         | that's ever been alive, is descended from this same tiny group
         | of beings. And all of this drama occurs in a remote spec of
         | dust orbiting and average star of an average galaxy of 100B
         | stars, among 100B visible galaxies. Even if we had Star Trek
         | level tech, we'd still be approximately as insignificant.
        
           | lo_zamoyski wrote:
           | Why would size determine significance?
           | 
           | And what is significance anyway? What determines whether
           | something is significant?
        
             | voidspark wrote:
             | Size determines significance by definition of a population
             | bottleneck
        
             | kbelder wrote:
             | Statistically, size or quantity is a major part of
             | significance. But that's not really the sense in which
             | 'significant' is being used here... it's being used as a
             | synonym of 'important' or 'meaningful'. In those terms, you
             | have to ask the question, 'significant to whom?'
             | Significance doesn't exist outside of somebody to attach
             | meaning to it.
             | 
             | Most often, the answer is 'to me, the guy making the
             | observation.'
             | 
             | In that sense, that tiny speck of dust in our corner of the
             | galaxy is _very_ significant. At least to me.
        
             | ashoeafoot wrote:
             | The self repair forces of the ego selecting the tale with
             | the highest praise for me, the chosen one, living at the
             | end of time, made in gods image.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | The range is 100,000 to 1000 individuals. This is a factor of
           | 100.. If you take the midpoint ,it's 50k, which is not as
           | bad.
        
             | cl3misch wrote:
             | I think the multiplicative midpoint (i.e geometric mean) is
             | more sensible for such a large range, which gives 10k.
             | Still not as bad!
        
             | ashoeafoot wrote:
             | But what kept them hovering there for a thousand years?
             | What besieged our ancestors until they developed something
             | to break that siege ?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The people we descended from could be different from the
               | entire population at that time.
               | 
               | A beneficial mutation followed by rapidly outcompeting
               | other populations might look similar.
        
           | jowea wrote:
           | I mean, all of non-viral life is descended from a single
           | organism, right? I find that even more remarkable.
        
             | eddd-ddde wrote:
             | I think that's only true assuming no other life has
             | appeared in any other place of the universe.
        
               | tehlike wrote:
               | Or multiples of organisms spawned in earth
               | simultaneously.
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | It seems quite likely that this isn't actually
             | fundamentally true, because the real story was a mess.
             | 
             | If you look at bacteria even, there's a lot of genetic
             | transfer beyond just strict parent/child relationships
             | either just directly or via viruses or other things I'm
             | sure I've never heard of.
             | 
             | The earliest life was probably more like some kind of soup
             | of self-replicating things, closer to a chemical reaction
             | than biological, and then it would have been kind of a
             | sliding scale over a long period of time before we get to
             | anything that really looks that much like "<this> organism
             | begat <that> organism".
             | 
             | The entire concept of organisms themselves are an
             | abstraction over the truth, that kind of works for today's
             | world, but probably less worked when things were new and
             | interesting and messy.
        
               | xwolfi wrote:
               | "biological" and "chemical reaction" are the same things
               | :p
               | 
               | There's probably nothing special about life and it's
               | everywhere where water is warm.
        
         | ed wrote:
         | Interesting!
         | 
         | > a 2023 genetic analysis discerned such a human ancestor
         | population bottleneck of a possible 100,000 to 1000 individuals
         | "around 930,000 and 813,000 years ago [which] lasted for about
         | 117,000 years and brought human ancestors close to extinction."
         | 
         | And relatedly...
         | 
         | > A 2005 study from Rutgers University theorized that the
         | pre-1492 native populations of the Americas are the descendants
         | of only 70 individuals who crossed the land bridge between Asia
         | and North America.
         | 
         | > The Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck refers to a period
         | around 5000 BC where the diversity in the male y-chromosome
         | dropped precipitously, to a level equivalent to reproduction
         | occurring with a ratio between men and women of 1:17.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_bottleneck#Humans
        
         | actuallyalys wrote:
         | Limits on written records and the limits of what we can derive
         | from genetic analysis means 536 and other years these analyses
         | uncover are probably best understood as local minima rather
         | than definitively the worst.
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | What makes a genetic bottleneck worse than natural disasters
         | and disease?
        
           | terribleperson wrote:
           | The genetic bottleneck isn't the terrible thing, it's a
           | symptom of something terrible that must have happened.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | Thanks. I wasn't thinking about that.
        
       | ilya_m wrote:
       | Please change the title to "Why 536 was 'the worst year to be
       | alive' (2018)".
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We've added the year (of the article) to the title. Thanks!
        
           | olddustytrail wrote:
           | I'm struggling to understand why that has improved anything.
        
             | genter wrote:
             | You're struggling to understand why someone is being
             | pedantic on this site?
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related. Others?
       | 
       |  _Why 536 was 'the worst year to be alive' (2018)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34209313 - Jan 2023 (113
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _What Was the Single Worst Year in Human History?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32118341 - July 2022 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Volcanoes, plague, famine and endless winter: Welcome to 536_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30621640 - March 2022 (39
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Skies went dark: Historians pinpoint the 'worst year' ever to
       | be alive_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26786838 - April
       | 2021 (117 comments)
       | 
       |  _Extreme weather events of 535-536_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26598570 - March 2021 (86
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _536 was 'the worst year to be alive' (2018)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23565762 - June 2020 (356
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Why 536 was 'the worst year to be alive'_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18469891 - Nov 2018 (4
       | comments)
        
       | clipsy wrote:
       | The worst year to be alive _yet_.
        
         | shermantanktop wrote:
         | There's always hope that we can do better...
        
       | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
       | do we have any records of how society perceived that time. It
       | would be interesting to compare it to how that fares compared to
       | the perceived injustices that modern society complains about.
       | 
       | While it's impossible to directly compare recent events, like the
       | pandemic to the plague, it would be interesting to understand the
       | claim of "the worst year to be alive" between a society that is
       | hyper-distracted and always online today, with a society that
       | walks among the ruins of a collapsing Roman empire ~1500 years
       | ago.
       | 
       | That said, both scenarios seem to ignore non Western history.
        
         | macintux wrote:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/11e63o2/what...
         | 
         | Update: This is a remarkable statement. "We marvel to see no
         | shadows of our bodies at noon"
        
       | ashoeafoot wrote:
       | The ash cloud went from iceland to china? Where there chronicles
       | about this in local culturesnearby ?
        
       | zombiwoof wrote:
       | I'd take 536 over 2025 at this rate
        
       | senderista wrote:
       | > What came to be called the Plague of Justinian spread rapidly,
       | wiping out one-third to one-half of the population of the eastern
       | Roman Empire and hastening its collapse.
       | 
       | Um what? The eastern Roman Empire survived for almost another
       | millennium. Maybe the journalist confused it with the western
       | Roman Empire (which had already collapsed)?
        
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