[HN Gopher] Hollow Core Fiber (HCF)
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       Hollow Core Fiber (HCF)
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2025-05-09 13:25 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.holightoptic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.holightoptic.com)
        
       | epx wrote:
       | Curious about how difficult would be to splice it.
        
         | giuliomagnifico wrote:
         | Good point. I have no idea, but probably the tools will need an
         | upgrade!
        
         | josephthejoe wrote:
         | yea hand splicing in the field is already super rare today. I
         | imagine this cannot be hand spliced at all.
        
           | burnte wrote:
           | Considering the number of fiber splice trucks rolling around
           | I think your supposition is incorrect. Fiber splicing happens
           | thousands of times every day. Fibers break and get cut all
           | the time. Tt's not common in data centers, but once you leave
           | those walls fiber splicing happens everywhere every day.
        
           | 0_____0 wrote:
           | I've personally spliced about a dozen optical fibers and I
           | don't even work in telecom :)
           | 
           | Not exactly by hand though - all the prep is done by hand but
           | the actual alignment and fusion steps were automated by the
           | fusion splicer machine (about the size of a small toolbox)
        
         | richardwhiuk wrote:
         | https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azurenetworkingblog...
         | 
         | Suggests it can be to some extent.
        
       | sunrunner wrote:
       | Not a comment on the article, but the linked URL makes me vaguely
       | uncomfortable.
        
         | crunchbang-excl wrote:
         | That fullwidth question mark really makes the URL stand out,
         | not in a good way.
        
           | escape_goat wrote:
           | I think that it was good that it stood out to be honest.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | Slightly too clever CMS. Like Dolphin replacing slashes with
           | the Unicode fraction slash.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | Hollow-core optical fibers may have a bright future [1], along
       | with another HN thread from 8 years ago [2], I have longed for
       | these cables where we could cut Japan to New York latency by
       | 50ms.
       | 
       | Unfortunately we dont seems to be anywhere close to it.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.laserfocusworld.com/fiber-
       | optics/article/1417001...
       | 
       | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16194973
        
         | giuliomagnifico wrote:
         | No... hollow core fibers are being installed as a test in some
         | data centers now/this year. Who knows how many years it will
         | take to (re)make an oceanic backbone (and the prices...)
        
           | RationPhantoms wrote:
           | I'd also argue that the 50ms reduction time benefit with HCF
           | has waned with the introduction of HFT (High Frequency
           | Trading) over LEO links with lasers.
        
       | GlibMonkeyDeath wrote:
       | I was going to do the "well akshually..." about HCFs because this
       | article is so light on details. I used to work in a related field
       | many years ago, and the attenuation of these fibers relegated
       | them to niche applications (short-lengths that needed the odd
       | properties of a hollow core, like ultra-high power transmission,
       | low dispersion, low nonlinearity, etc.) They were orders of
       | magnitude too lossy for long-haul telecommunications applications
       | at the time.
       | 
       | But a quick search proved my knowledge was not up to date - here
       | is the paper linked from the Laser Focus World blurb someone
       | linked above. Looks like HCFs have achieved loss parity with
       | traditional single-mode fused silica fibers, at least in the lab.
       | Pretty amazing and cool if you ask me!
       | 
       | https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/470034/1/OFC2022_PD_Jasion_submi...
        
         | pletnes wrote:
         | Do the wave modes offer higher velocity?
        
           | GlibMonkeyDeath wrote:
           | Yes, basically most of the electromagnetic wave is in the
           | hollow (gas-filled) core, which is going to have an index
           | closer to 1 (as opposed to ~1.4 for silica fibers.)
        
         | chorsestudios wrote:
         | A key detail I found lacking in this article was the
         | manufacturing cost difference. It mentions that it is more
         | expensive, but no indication of how much more expensive.
        
           | GlibMonkeyDeath wrote:
           | A lot more expensive right now. But silica fiber
           | manufacturing has been optimized like crazy for 50 years, so
           | that's not a surprise.
           | 
           | From a high level, the preforms are a lot more complicated,
           | and I imagine the draw process might be more unforgiving (in
           | terms of size fluctuations of the cross-section), but I don't
           | see anything that is going to be prohibitive or that will
           | make the fiber itself 10x more expensive in the long run.
           | Most of the cost of an undersea cable isn't in the silica
           | anyway...
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | > _ultra-high power transmission_
         | 
         | Does this mean that such fibers can be used with high-power
         | lasers, like those used in tools and weapons?
        
           | GlibMonkeyDeath wrote:
           | Yep, that is what funded a lot of this research early on.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | This is fascinating. As an engineer, my mind always goes to:
       | "what are the practical challenges":
       | 
       | * How do you splice without crushing the core?
       | 
       | * How do you terminate/splice and maintain vacuum?
       | 
       | * How do you terminate at all
        
         | frainfreeze wrote:
         | tldr: lasers (angry light)
        
       | Ciunkos wrote:
       | The article is full of AI slop, sorry.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | How do you evacuate these fibers to any decent vacuum?
       | 
       | Sticking a vacuum pump on one end and waiting presumably won't
       | work because gas will take a really really long time to diffuse
       | along a multi kilometer long micrometer wide tube...
        
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