[HN Gopher] Amazon's Vulcan Robots Now Stow Items Faster Than Hu...
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       Amazon's Vulcan Robots Now Stow Items Faster Than Humans
        
       Author : Luc
       Score  : 183 points
       Date   : 2025-05-09 11:18 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | omneity wrote:
       | Warehouses is definitely not where I expected robots with
       | retractable blades to first appear.
       | 
       | The demo video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWXco05eK28
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | That's still far slower than a human being, and those bins are
         | far too neat.
        
           | wielebny wrote:
           | Slower than a human making one operation.
           | 
           | Not slower than human stocking items for a whole day.
        
             | vntok wrote:
             | Surely the robot does not stop at the end of the day.
        
               | nosrepa wrote:
               | The article says they plan on it operating continuously
               | for 20 hours at a time.
        
               | CoastalCoder wrote:
               | Until they unionize.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Do robots rely on being ionized? I'd have thought a robot
               | which wasn't ionized would work just fine
        
               | CoastalCoder wrote:
               | You're thinking of "Onionized", when their exploits are
               | covered by one of the world's best publications.
        
               | cusaitech wrote:
               | Are you talking about the "Soviet Onion"?
        
             | dataviz1000 wrote:
             | The tortoise and hare allegory? Slow and steady wins the
             | race.
        
           | CraigRood wrote:
           | Part of my day job is Warehouse Automation - not Amazon!. I
           | would agree with you on being slow, but it probably suffices
           | to what Amazon want to achieve here. If your entire process,
           | so stow, store and retrieve is automated, you wouldn't use
           | these "pods". A lot of these problems seem so simple and easy
           | to automate out, but it's really not!
        
           | dlt713705 wrote:
           | The challenge is not only stowing objects. It is also
           | optimizing space and keeping it clean. In that matter robots
           | are faster and better.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | Optimizing space and trying to keep things neat is a futile
             | effort. Pickers and counters are constantly pulling things
             | out of the bins and putting them back in, and during high
             | demand it's a chaotic mess. If there are going to be robots
             | being this meticulous at every step of the process, then
             | it's too slow.
             | 
             | There's a reason human beings are worked to the point of
             | exhaustion in these warehouses - the goal is to move as
             | much product as fast as possible. Quality and productivity
             | are at cross purposes, and between the two only the latter
             | makes money.
        
               | dlt713705 wrote:
               | That is why, in the end, only robots will remain. They
               | are inexhaustible and strictly meticulous in all
               | circumstances.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | Robots aren't inexhaustible. They break down a lot and
               | are far more expensive to repair and maintain than a
               | human being.
        
               | reverius42 wrote:
               | They're going to get better a lot faster than humans,
               | though. The fact that they exist at all is remarkable.
        
               | bigtunacan wrote:
               | I agree robots breakdown a lot, however if you think
               | robots are more expensive to maintain you may want to
               | take a look at the cost of American medical costs.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Mechanical engineering has a lot of practice on looking
               | at failures and changing designs to make those less
               | common or a maintenance item easy/cheap to fix. (they
               | might have other options too, I'm not a ME)
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> and are far more expensive to repair and maintain than
               | a human being_
               | 
               | Fillpy the robot will not:                 - need
               | vacations       - go on maternity leave       - call in
               | sick       - steal from work       - be rude to customers
               | - go to work hungover from drinking       - come in
               | high/stoned at work       - sue you for X,Y,Z       -
               | sexually harass colleagues       - go on strike       -
               | start a union
               | 
               | All those pale in comparison to repair costs. That's why
               | companies are pushing for automation. Because Flippy does
               | its job quietly and diligently 24/7 without complaining.
        
               | maintainarmsx wrote:
               | Real life interaction is anything but strictly
               | meticulous. Inside an application (in silicon without
               | bugs, not being hit by stray cosmic rays, not having
               | software logic bug) things may seem ideal, but the moment
               | you try to move a pole on a motor 5 cm forward, and 5cm
               | backward, every day at the same time, you'll notice that
               | ideal will have dismantled itself off the mount within
               | two weeks
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | "Meticulous" in industrial automation does not mean
               | "Precise without the use of feedback-driven control
               | loops".
        
           | WillAdams wrote:
           | Yeah, I worked in an Amazon Warehouse on two separate
           | occasions:
           | 
           | https://old.reddit.com/r/EDC/comments/dmnuts/53mamazon_fulfi.
           | ..
           | 
           | and Inbound (or the previous person picking) was usually a
           | bit less careful.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | It's not about throughput per unit, it's about throughput per
           | _unit of cost_.
           | 
           | If five cheap robots outperform a single skilled worker,
           | robots win. But depending on jurisdiction, those five robots
           | might still lose to a dozen or so slaves kept near
           | starvation. For the skilled worker it's bad news one way or
           | the other.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | What skilled worker? This is a low skill worker they are
             | replacing.
        
               | DrillShopper wrote:
               | For now.
               | 
               | Wait until LLMs get better and destroy the ability for
               | junior developers to get their foot in the door.
        
               | warrenmiller wrote:
               | How do you get senior developers if you replace the
               | junior developers?
        
               | _Algernon_ wrote:
               | Sounds like a problem for some future CEO, long after
               | current CEO has gotten a fat bonus from improving
               | quarterly profits _now_.
        
               | mystified5016 wrote:
               | You don't, you slowly cannibalize your business and
               | industry. By the time consequences show up, you've
               | already jumped ship with your golden parachute
        
               | dec0dedab0de wrote:
               | By then the senior developers will be obsolete too
        
               | DrillShopper wrote:
               | That's the neat part - you don't.
               | 
               | (The suits think that's a good thing)
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | Have you read the article?                   "The fastest
               | humans at this task are like Olympic athletes. They're
               | far faster than the robots, and they're able to store
               | items in pods at much higher densities."
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Compare to a doctor who needs nearly a decade of special
               | training. Or an engineer who needs a complex university
               | training program.
               | 
               | Yes some are better than others. However there is still a
               | vast gulf in skill between those people than engineers
               | (much less doctors), while the gap between them and
               | someone off the street is much less. (the article doesn't
               | say how long it takes someone to get to that high skilled
               | state or even if it is possible to train to that level -
               | if someone can show me data on this I might change my
               | mind on skill)
        
               | dullcrisp wrote:
               | What data? Just try it yourself and see.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | If your point is that experience is not necessarily
               | skill, I suppose that's fair, but in that case skill does
               | not always tell the full story.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | They're not paying for the fastest. If they get some by
               | accident that's great, but otherwise they just want
               | someone reasonably mobile that will be good enough after
               | a week or two of practice.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Of course the robots don't trip and fall breaking their
               | back and sue the company, nor do they want vacations or
               | raises. In fact the robot performance is probably rather
               | consistent versus human performance.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | Skilled. Not pedigree-filtered and trained and certified
               | into a scarcity that may or may not actually be natural.
               | Chances are most doctors or lawyers or software engineers
               | would perform rather sub-par picking and putting in a
               | warehouse.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Day one yes. put us in the warehouse for a few months and
               | we would be as good as everyone. I'm guessing the woule
               | only give a few days of training before setting us loose.
               | 
               | Several months of me as a doctor and I'd still be
               | incompetent.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Neat is very important for consistent performance.
           | 
           | A restaurant can improve performance during the "lunch rush"
           | by letting neat slip, but that carelessness is already
           | costing them performance at the end of the lunch rush - this
           | works because just as this catches up they get several hours
           | in the afternoon to clean things up. Then supper crowd where
           | they do it again - then they have the rest of the night to
           | clean up from that. (the restaurants I worked in didn't have
           | a breakfast rush, YMMV)
           | 
           | A factory by contrast needs to keep things neat and
           | consistent all the time because there is never a
           | rush/downtime. They want things rolling off the line at a
           | consistent pace all day. Any compromise for speed now is a
           | cost latter in the day.
           | 
           | I have never been in an Amazon warehouse so I don't have
           | great insight into what things are like. I would expect they
           | want to be more consistent all day - but I don't know. Maybe
           | all the trucks arrive at once and then they get time when
           | they are gone to clean up. I wouldn't expect that, but maybe.
        
             | zaphar wrote:
             | Slow is fast is a saying for a reason. It is just as true
             | for a human as it is for a robot.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Like every other Reddit-ism and internet worshipped rule
               | of thumb. The reason for the popularity has far more to
               | do with what makes a sound byte marketable to humans than
               | it does with anything quantitative.
               | 
               | Look at the above restaurant example, the system has a
               | built in buffer to handle spikes so it can be cheaper or
               | make other tradeoffs everywhere else compared to an
               | equivalently performant system that can do 100% duty
               | cycle.
               | 
               | A robot or human that can deal with messy inventory is
               | facilitating positive tradeoffs elsewhere in the system.
        
               | seadan83 wrote:
               | Smooth is fast, slow is smooth, so slow is fast. You're
               | applying that to the restaurant as a whole though, which
               | makes human or robotic immaterial.
               | 
               | The saying I do believe has a difference between robots
               | and humans. The idea largely being that human inaccuracy
               | increases exponentially relative to speed. Ergo, slowing
               | down can lead to dramatically bette accuracy and
               | throughput. Though, robots don't necessarily lose
               | accuracy because they are moving more quickly. Though,
               | I'd agree it is likely that both humans and robots need
               | "smooth" in order to be fast. The key difference is
               | robots do not always lose smooth when moving at high
               | speed.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | I guess a spatula is a kind of blade. I was expecting something
         | a little more exciting though, from your comment.
        
         | djtango wrote:
         | How does the robot assess whether there is enough space
         | available in each bin?
        
           | spwa4 wrote:
           | It reads the state from a database?
        
           | abricot wrote:
           | It also stowed the other items, and know how much space they
           | take up.
           | 
           | From the article:
           | 
           | > "When you're a person doing this task, you've got a buffer
           | of 20 or 30 items, and you're looking for an opportunity to
           | fit those items into different bins, and having to remember
           | which item might go into which space. But the robot knows all
           | of the properties of all of our items at once, and we can
           | also look at all of the bins at the same time along with the
           | bins in the next couple of pods that are coming up. So we can
           | do this optimization over the whole set of information in 100
           | milliseconds."
        
         | raisedbyninjas wrote:
         | It appears this bot could be about 100 times simpler if they
         | just had storage racks with smaller cubbies at the modest
         | expense of usable storage volume. 1 item per cubbie.
        
           | rahimnathwani wrote:
           | That would be a huge expense. You would either waste a lot of
           | space in each one, or have the robot waste time finding one
           | that's the optimal size.
        
         | LightBug1 wrote:
         | It's a safe space in the interim. A place where they can hone
         | their skills and sharpen their blades.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | The first robot that learns to make a shiv will rule the
           | warehouse.
        
             | LightBug1 wrote:
             | ... and then. The world.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | This feels like a silly way to do things. Why are they storing
         | arbitrary cuboid items in fixed-size boxes? If they designed
         | the warehouse for maximum robot efficiency, doesn't it seem
         | more sensible, on first glance, to have stacks of the same item
         | in a regular grid accessed from the top, instead of optimizing
         | how to pack wildly different items in the same box?
        
           | withinboredom wrote:
           | From working on warehouse picking software way before there
           | were robots ... it's because humans. It would take longer for
           | a human to find space in the right space -- or instead, be
           | lazy and forcibly put an item in a space it barely fits --
           | than to simply dump it into an arbitrary box with enough
           | space and record the box. Then when deciding the path for the
           | picker to pick items from, there's a high chance one of the
           | purchased items is actually nearby other purchased items.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | The Kiva warehouses deliver the pods to human pickers at
           | fixed stations. The humans just have to retrieve the product
           | from the indicated bin without roaming the warehouse. The
           | storage area for the pods is kept maximally packed without
           | any aisles since the robots have their grid to operate in
           | underneath.
        
       | voidUpdate wrote:
       | What does "a genuine sense of touch" actually mean? Surely there
       | have been robots in the past that can detect how much force they
       | are apply to an object? Was that a "fake sense of touch"?
        
         | bearjaws wrote:
         | "a genuine sense of touch" Means the stock is down $30 YTD and
         | they gotta pump by pretending they've created something.
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | I'd assume measuring the force exerted at the contact point
         | rather than the motor current.
        
           | markisus wrote:
           | I think this has also existed in the form of force sensors
           | and more recently image-like pressure sensors.
        
             | Symmetry wrote:
             | Right. A company I used to work for was selling force
             | sensors over a decade ago and I'm sure they're older than
             | that.
             | 
             | https://blog.robotiq.com/bid/65024/TakkTile-Sensors-for-
             | Indu...
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | > What does "a genuine sense of touch" actually mean?
         | 
         | The technology has applications in the robot sex work industry.
        
       | danielovichdk wrote:
       | And yet some people think AI will take over jobs. I am amazed
       | this robot was not in place 20 years ago. Really ?
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | I don't understand why people still express doubt about this -
         | AI already is and has been taking over jobs.
        
           | lesuorac wrote:
           | It's really about the hype that is the problem and that
           | people often mean LLMs when they say AI.
           | 
           | LLM isn't going to drive a forklift; it needs more agency
           | than a textbox in order to do that.
           | 
           | But it's really going to be products (ex. Microsoft Word)
           | rather than a technology (ex. Electricity) that'll replace
           | jobs (ex. Typists).
        
         | conception wrote:
         | Human labor is shockingly cheap.
        
           | bayindirh wrote:
           | Actually it's pretty expensive in the long run. They want
           | raises, are finicky about their health, have pesky habits
           | like going home, having life partners and something silly
           | called work/life balance. Also, they sometimes organize and
           | become collective bodies under something called a union.
           | 
           | In reality, I'm a strong supporter of everything above. Maybe
           | we can really provide people better jobs by delegating
           | repetitive and boring things to machines and allow everyone
           | to do something they enjoy to earn their lives.
           | 
           | One can dream, I guess...
        
             | maintainarmsx wrote:
             | >are finicky about their health
             | 
             | Machines are anything but reliable. They need constant
             | servicing and maintenance and still break entirely
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | Depends on how they're built, and building them takes
               | experience. Plus, if their MTBF is long enough with
               | enough hot spares, you can rotate the problematic ones
               | out fix them while they are being replaced from the hot-
               | spares pool.
               | 
               | When you are not budget constrained, and building things
               | for businesses, a little overengineering goes a long way.
               | 
               | I have a Xerox 7500DN color laser printer next to me, and
               | it's working for more than 20 years at this point. It has
               | gone through a lot of spares, but most (if not all)
               | issues are from parts wearing down naturally. Nothing
               | breaks unexpectedly on that. Same for robots. Give enough
               | design budget, overengineer a little, and that thing will
               | be one hell of an ugly but reliable machinery.
               | 
               | When you work with real "industrial" stuff, the landscape
               | is very different.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Humans are not reliable either. Humans are much more
               | likely to be out sick unexpectedly.
               | 
               | If you keep up the maintenance plan for machines they
               | rarely break before their predicted retirement date when
               | you replace them. And since the maintenance and
               | retirement dates are predicted in advance you can plan
               | for them and thus ensure they happen when you want them
               | to.
        
               | jabroni_salad wrote:
               | All moving parts degrade. A nice thing about machines is
               | you can service and refurbish them to like-new condition.
               | 
               | There are options to deal with your shitty knees, hip,
               | and back, but none of them get you back to 100% of your
               | original capabilities and, carry an element of gambling,
               | and will involve the kinds of painkillers that can ruin
               | you far more comprehensively than a shitty joint will.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | If you have the misfortune to be in a developed country
             | (not the USA) then yes. Worker without rights are evidently
             | pretty cheap. They go home, but you can just get twice as
             | many. Catastrophic self-organization happens on scales
             | comparable to robot crashes, and you can just recycle the
             | offending units and replace them with new ones.
        
             | righthand wrote:
             | These "what if we give everyone jobs they are interested"
             | remarks are just bullshit. You're not going to give people
             | more interesting jobs, the result will just be flooded job
             | markets everywhere. Then more jobs will become automated
             | and people will then flood to more sectors that aren't
             | automated. What a stupid dream, let people have meaningless
             | jobs if they want that.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Amazon warehouse base pay is ~$21-22/hr due to labor supply
           | shortages.
           | 
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=amazon+raise+wages+warehouse
        
             | Gracana wrote:
             | That's about 60k a year for the employer, I think? That
             | probably doesn't even cover the BOM cost of this robot
             | installation.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Robot lasts 6-7 years under typical duty cycles (per
               | FANUC). Think how an EV is cheaper over its lifetime to
               | operate vs a combustion vehicle, capex vs opex. Price of
               | labor will continue to increase in the future due to
               | structural demographics. And lets be real, Amazon
               | warehouse jobs are not good jobs and terribly hard on the
               | human body. No one yearns for the Amazon mines. These are
               | jobs that should absolutely be automated.
        
               | Gracana wrote:
               | Oh yeah I agree with what you're saying, and of course
               | they're working on this because they think it makes sense
               | to do so, I just figure it's still a tricky sell even to
               | replace $20/h humans.
               | 
               | FWIW I design industrial equipment for meat processing
               | plants, where you'd be lucky to get 6-7 _months_ out of a
               | robot arm. I wish it was affordable to use robotics
               | there, because there 's a lot that could be done to
               | eliminate some truly awful jobs.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Where I live your basic fast food job is starting at
             | $16/hour. When I was a kid $20/hr was a nice wage for an
             | adult, these days it is very low.
        
         | AIoverlord wrote:
         | AI does and its not just 'AI'.
         | 
         | We are now switching over to a self optimizing system approach.
         | 
         | We had big data and didn't do anything with it but now whenever
         | we do something with an LLM, we give it feedback, its getting
         | processed benchmarked stored and used.
         | 
         | ChatGPT 3 was not impressive because it was good, it was
         | impressive because it showed everyone that we started this ara
         | now. This lead to massive reallocation of resources around the
         | globe from a human and money perspective.
         | 
         | Whatever we had with ChatGPT-3 was build with humans and money
         | significant less than what we now have. Which leads to progress
         | unseen before and this will continue at least for now.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | I can tell you that since last month a company now does all
         | their training translations via AI, no more need for the whole
         | translations team.
         | 
         | Additionally, this is now a common feature in CMS space,
         | automated translation of content and assets.
        
       | philipwhiuk wrote:
       | It's interesting how Amazon is embedding robots in human-designed
       | warehouses whereas Ocado has humans overseeing a robotic
       | warehouse.
       | 
       | The later is a much easier problem.
        
         | alsodumb wrote:
         | It takes hundreds of millions to build a warehouse. Amazon has
         | tons of them. Retrofitting things is capital intensive.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | Humans are cheaper than robots too...
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | How much cheaper? You can hardly get humans to work two
             | shifts a day, let alone three.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Only sometimes and costs change over time. The first robot
             | is almost always more expensive than a human, but the
             | second robot comes after the design is done and so it
             | generally cheaper than the human (accountants will figure
             | out how to amortize these costs and thus give us a better
             | picture of costs.)
             | 
             | Robots also get cheaper over time because we learn. You can
             | buy many parts in bulk including computer libraries to
             | control them. You can find many people who know best
             | practices who will not make some of the early mistakes that
             | cost money.
        
             | abricot wrote:
             | Only if you don't need to pay them a living wage.
        
               | econ wrote:
               | I've picked orders. If I have to touch your purchase for
               | 20 seconds it is a very long time. There are 180 chunks
               | of 20 seconds in an hour. If the pay is $45 per hour it
               | would cost 25 cents.
               | 
               | It is strange how this isn't obvious
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | In China, yes, but not here.
        
           | jajuuka wrote:
           | Labor is one of the most expensive parts of running a
           | business. So just doing the math of, if we spend X amount of
           | money on robots and can layoff Y amount of people then it's a
           | net gain. Especially if a single machine can replace multiple
           | people.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | The Ocado warehouse automation is pretty crazy:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssZ_8cqfBlE
        
           | throw310822 wrote:
           | Incredibile!
           | 
           | Also, from the comments:
           | 
           | "My favorite thing about this is how 2 weeks after this video
           | went up, they had an accident where two robots collided and
           | caused a gigantic fire that cost them like 50 million
           | dollars."
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | Meanwhile, the warehouse down the road underwent a strike
             | that put them out of commission for weeks, forced expensive
             | wage concessions, and incurred NRLB fines, costing them
             | like... 60 million dollars.
             | 
             | One of these things can be fixed, the other will always be
             | a risk as long as humans are involved.
        
               | dimator wrote:
               | Those peaky humans and their stupid quality of life
               | needs!
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > One of these things can be fixe
               | 
               | That's correct, the second one can get fixed with higher
               | wages and benefits, like when Ford introduced the "$5 a
               | day" ( _doubling_ market average).
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | Yes, if you're going to pay humans to suffer the
               | indignity of doing a robot's job, it makes sense to pay
               | well.
        
               | nemomarx wrote:
               | if you incurred nrlb fines aren't you breaking the law?
        
           | RaSoJo wrote:
           | Ocado did run into multiple fire issues due to these robots
           | colliding with each other. In 2019 and 2021 [1]
           | 
           | Wonder if the matter has been resolved.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57883332
        
             | havblue wrote:
             | I'd suggest robots with fire extinguishers.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | Or non-combustible robots
        
               | jajuuka wrote:
               | Need to quit running all the robots on gasoline and
               | building them out a wood.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | I'm curious how Amazon handles fire in the midst of their
             | Kiva pods. Do they have procedures for retasking an army of
             | robots to clear a path for humans to get access?
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | If there are really no humans there they could just fill
               | the warehouse with nitrogen or something. No fire!
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Lithium battery fires don't feed on atmospheric oxygen.
               | That's the most likely ignition source.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | True, though the problem isn't just robot batteries
               | burning up, but setting all the stock ablaze and this
               | part is indeed feeding in atmospheric oxygen.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | Walmart isn't considered a super high-tech company, but I
           | took a tour of one of their warehouses in Bentonville and
           | even that was quite cool. There were tons of conveyor belts
           | everywhere, it kind of felt like something you'd see in
           | Satisfactory.
        
             | yurishimo wrote:
             | I would argue Walmart is quite high tech! They've been
             | approaching their business goals from lots of different
             | angles. Tech, finance, logistics, etc are all a huge part
             | of their business operations.
             | 
             | It's a shame that the problems being solved are embedded
             | within a business that embodies throwing things away at the
             | first sign of weakness. I'm still upset they bought what
             | seemed on track to be a nice successor to Simple Bank. Now
             | it's been pivoted again for the third time since
             | acquisition.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | Oh it wasn't trying to diss Walmart in this case. I used
               | to work there (Jet.com -> Walmart Labs -> Walmart Global
               | Tech), and I generally liked it. Some of the smartest
               | humans I have ever known came from Jet and Walmart Labs.
        
             | burningChrome wrote:
             | Back in the early aughts when I was still in college, My
             | roommate was an IE and worked as an efficiency engineer
             | intern during his Summers. I vividly remember him talking
             | about the company he was working for had a huge project to
             | improve UPS's efficiencies. Their big improvements was to
             | add dozens and dozens of conveyor belts in order to move
             | the packages faster. He concluded his experience by saying,
             | "Yeah man, its crazy, this is what the future is going to
             | look like. This is how they're going to automate
             | everything."
             | 
             | Interesting to know companies are still using them as a
             | means to automate their work.
        
         | Closi wrote:
         | Not sure why Ocado gets so much credit for the latter though,
         | they just copied AutoStore which has a fascinating history!
         | 
         | They purchased an AutoStore, then reverse engineered it, made a
         | few changes, and claimed it as their own invention.
        
           | gjm11 wrote:
           | There was a big patent lawsuit related to this, which as I
           | understand it Ocado won pretty comprehensively.
           | (https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/ocado-
           | wins-... -- case in UK court concluded that AutoStore's
           | patents were all invalid and in any case Ocado didn't
           | infringe them; there were a bunch of related cases in other
           | jurisdictions but
           | https://www.ocadogroup.com/media/news/autostore-and-ocado-
           | se... indicates that shortly after the UK judgement they
           | settled on terms very favourable to Ocado.)
           | 
           | This seems difficult to square with your claim that Ocado
           | "just copied AutoStore". (I suppose it's not quite
           | _inconsistent_ with it; maybe Ocado copied a pile of things
           | that AutoStore never patented, and the patented bits were
           | always a sideshow?)
        
             | omneity wrote:
             | > This seems difficult to square with your claim that Ocado
             | "just copied AutoStore".
             | 
             | I just looked at videos of the two technologies and it
             | seems difficult to ignore the relationship.
             | 
             | Perhaps this is a case of "technically correct", i.e. that
             | they technically did not infringe the patents, but that in
             | practice they leveraged as much as they could around the
             | patent claims?
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | Ocado's first automated warehouse installation was also
               | purchased from Autostore (before they built their own
               | solution, and now market/sell it)
        
             | Closi wrote:
             | AutoStore losing a patent dispute doesn't mean that Ocado
             | didn't copy them. Just looking at the patent dispute
             | ignores that the first automated Ocado distribution centre
             | was actually _purchased_ from AutoStore, who had been
             | selling their robot-digging tote system since 1996.
             | 
             | Ocado's initial patents as well were actually modifications
             | of Autostore's robots, running on an Autostore grid, and
             | Autostore manufactured the robots to Ocado's specification
             | before Ocado decided to build the whole thing themselves.
             | 
             | So hard to argue that it wasn't a copy.
             | 
             | IMO I think the UK patent victory was a bit of a joke...
             | Ocado's innovation of the robot above a single cell is both
             | obvious, but also has it's own obvious downsides.
        
             | voakbasda wrote:
             | Truth has no place in a court of law. The fact that they
             | won the lawsuit does not imply they are innocent. It could
             | simply mean that they had better lawyers.
        
             | gamblor956 wrote:
             | AutoStore's patents were deemed invalid in the U.K. because
             | they disclosed the invention prior to filing for the
             | patents, which apparently is not allowed under U.K. law.
             | 
             | Their patents were invalidated in the U.S. due to
             | "inequitable conduct or equitable estoppel" meaning either
             | that Autostore violated someone else's patents or that they
             | led Ocado to believe that Ocado was not violating
             | Autostore's patents in some way. Both parties indicate that
             | the latter happened, but the usual remedy is just a
             | mandatory license, so the invalidation of the patents
             | indicates that the former also occurred.
             | (https://www.autostoresystem.com/investors-press-
             | releases/aut...)
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | The warehouse automation industry has long had problems with
           | scaling systems up.
           | 
           | A system that works well with 15 robots will often fall apart
           | if scaled up to 150 or 1500 robots. Reliability, planning
           | algorithm complexity, radio performance, all sorts of issues
           | start to come up.
           | 
           | That's why Hatteland patented the autostore tech in ~1995 and
           | by the time the patents expired they only supported ~100
           | robots.
           | 
           | It's not always easy to appreciate, because everyone
           | publicises when they install a new automation system, but
           | nobody publicises it if they scrap it 18 months later. Being
           | discreet about it is better for the share price.
           | 
           | Of course there's still a perfectly good market for less
           | scalable automation; grocery just has crazy financials.
        
         | AIoverlord wrote:
         | I just watched a video of theirs and i have no clue at all if
         | this is more efficient or not.
         | 
         | Amazon uses a lot higher stacked spaces than Ocado does.
         | 
         | Are there any real numbers you can reference than just stating
         | that Ocados way is better?
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | I didn't say it was better, I said it was easier to design
           | robots that don't have to work in an environment originally
           | designed for humans.
        
         | mmmlinux wrote:
         | Yeah but then you cant pretend like your going to hire a bunch
         | of humans in the local poor area that you built the warehouse.
        
         | beambot wrote:
         | Symbotic also has a fascinating solution.
        
       | matthewfelgate wrote:
       | Are companies designing product packaging to be more compatible
       | with robotic handling?
        
         | AftHurrahWinch wrote:
         | Anecdotally, I know of 2 examples of friends who work in
         | traditional manufacturing who have changed packaging graphics
         | and colors because their previous designs were difficult for
         | optics.
         | 
         | Specifically, both of them had to stop using black-colored
         | boxes and move graphics in from box boundaries.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Average humans. Not stowing masters apparently.
        
         | klooney wrote:
         | I mean, who is going to volunteer to be the Amazon Stowing John
         | Henry?
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | It's an interesting approach. Treat the workers so poorly
           | that even reasonable people look forward to eliminating the
           | jobs with robots.
        
       | LeonB wrote:
       | This isn't the factory of the future.
       | 
       | The factory of the future will have only two employees, one human
       | and one dog.
       | 
       | - The human feeds the dog.
       | 
       | - The dog makes sure no one touches the equipment.
       | 
       | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2022/01/30/future-factory/
        
         | masom wrote:
         | https://www.amazon.com/Dokoo-Automatic-Vacuum-Sealed-Dispens...
         | 
         | No need for a human to feed the dog, a robot will refill the
         | dog feeder.
        
           | Melonai wrote:
           | But what if the dog gets sad? :(
           | 
           | I think the solution might be multiple dogs.
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | Why do we think this is a good thing without socialism? I am not
       | a fan of socialism, but with the level of automation we are
       | reaching, do we really want to be ruled by our incel tech-bro
       | overlords, living out of UBI, in a permanently bi-strated society
       | without even the illusion of social mobility and democracy we
       | have nowadays?
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Luddites were asking that question long before socialism was a
         | thing. However we now have more people than ever working, and
         | standard of living is higher. I'm not worried.
        
           | markisus wrote:
           | During the transition to industrialization it's conceivable
           | that many people became worse off because they could not find
           | a place in the new economy. Even if society is eventually
           | better off, the our generation or the next may have to
           | sacrifice our way of life.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | We do for sure need to get people to realize their jobs are
             | obsolete and train them on something more useful. Old
             | people (often anyone over 25) are far too resistant to
             | change.
        
               | hackable_sand wrote:
               | We could start by dismantling the oppressive systems that
               | force labor.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | For better or worse, my parents always instilled in me
               | that no job is guaranteed forever, and that's why you
               | need to keep up with as much new technology as you can.
               | My dad's uncle was a victim of automation in his 40's,
               | and I think he was always annoyed that instead of
               | learning something new he would sit and complain all day
               | that there's no jobs for him.
               | 
               | In hindsight, I think they were completely right and I
               | feel kind of lucky that they drilled that in so much,
               | because even into my mid 30's I don't have a ton of
               | trouble or resistance to picking up new things. Sometimes
               | I don't love the way new tech is going [1], but I still
               | try my best to keep up with what's in demand in the
               | industry (generally looking at job boards and looking at
               | their keywords and making sure I have at least a cursory
               | understanding of the stuff they're talking about). I will
               | admit I don't completely love that AI is being used
               | instead of junior engineers in some cases, largely
               | because a lot of AI code is shit or flatout wrong in non-
               | obvious ways, but I still have tried my best to utilize
               | it and learn from it because it's clearly the way that
               | things are going. [2]
               | 
               | I've been hired and lost/quit more desk jobs than anyone
               | I know, and I attribute my ability to find work quickly
               | to this characteristic.
               | 
               | [1] e.g. treating memory like it's infinite, disregarding
               | CPU performance as a means of "getting more shit done",
               | making configurations (arguably) needlessly complicated
               | like Kubernetes, etc.
               | 
               | [2] For example, my latest project has been building an
               | HLS and Icecast "infinite radio station" which picks a
               | random song from my collection, feeds a prompt to OpenAI
               | for DJ chatter in between songs,
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Eh, this isn't a great theory especially for the poor.
               | 
               | As a higher income individual I conversely seem to have a
               | lot of time to study and am not given a constant stream
               | of work I must complete every moment. I also have the
               | benefit of working from home and being able to spend a
               | lot on training and upskilling.
               | 
               | When you are poorer you typically don't get this. The
               | vast majority of your income is spent at the end of the
               | week. Your job gives you zero time to explore and learn
               | more. You likely commute and and may have a second job to
               | make ends meet.
               | 
               | Just saying 'learn to code' here doesn't address the
               | systematic issues.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I mean there is an argument that the robber-barons during the
           | Gilded Age were a net negative, in that they exerted way too
           | much control and a lot of people needlessly suffered in the
           | process.
           | 
           | Generally, though, I'm against the arguments of "automation
           | is bad cuz less jobs". I think that might be true in the very
           | short term, but we're never going to have a case where "all
           | possible work is done", because that's a completely malformed
           | premise. There's pretty much an infinite amount of
           | _potential_ work to do.
        
             | bigstrat2003 wrote:
             | > I think that might be true in the very short term...
             | 
             | The short term _matters_. It 's zero comfort to a factory
             | worker who has lost his job if there will be another,
             | better job for him in a year or two. He still needs to eat
             | between now and then, and he can't buy food with pie in the
             | sky promises of future employment.
        
               | seadan83 wrote:
               | AFAIK it would be more fitting to say it is of little
               | comfort to a factory worker who lost their job, that
               | there are now 1.5 more jobs, better jobs, now available
               | to other people.
               | 
               | The reason for AFAIK, my understanding is it is more
               | common for people to be left behind than to transition
               | entirely to a new industry. (That is my memory of seeing
               | some data around that, not saying I'm correct, but that I
               | find it just as plausible to speculate that industrial
               | transitions don't always transition with the same
               | workers.) Perhaps we should talk farming? That is the
               | biggest example pethaps. Some 80% plus of all populations
               | used to do agriculture. The Grapes of Wraith were all
               | about this very topic.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | That's true as well. Also, the timeframe for those new
               | jobs probably won't be just 1-2 years. But I was trying
               | to use the most favorable scenario for tombert's argument
               | to show that, even in that case, it still isn't enough.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | I mean, as someone who has been laid off a bunch of times
               | (more than most people I think), I do sympathize with
               | them. It sucks to have your income source cut off, it
               | sucks to lose health insurance (or have to pay full
               | freight with COBRA), it's demoralizing to have to grovel
               | at the feet of a bunch of potential employers for months
               | at a time, it's depressing to wake up to dozens of
               | rejection emails, and it's scary to not see an end in
               | sight.
               | 
               | I wouldn't necessarily be opposed to forcing companies to
               | pay some amount per month to people whose jobs were
               | automated away for N years, and/or providing job training
               | for a new career.
        
           | seadan83 wrote:
           | Not a question of luddites. Example, coal in the US became
           | heavily automated - the workers did not all just find new
           | jobs. Industry shifts don't mean the old workers become the
           | new workers. People do get left behind, and potentially en
           | masse.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | I mean the great depression is a good example too. Stuff
             | can fall apart much faster than you can retrain and that
             | economies can find new work.
        
         | ryan93 wrote:
         | Almost no one running these companies is even childless. Much
         | more likely the people complaining are
        
         | nancyminusone wrote:
         | Social system aside, I'd say being a human worker mindlessly
         | shoving boxes into other boxes all day is no fit way to live.
         | 
         | Just like how it was bad to have kids crawling around in the
         | textile factories back in the day.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | > Social system aside, I'd say being a human worker
           | mindlessly shoving boxes into other boxes all day is no fit
           | way to live.
           | 
           | I agree with you. And yet, the people who are working those
           | jobs are doing so because they need them to get by, not for
           | funsies. They will not be better off if they lose that job
           | and there's no income stream to replace it. The two _must_ go
           | hand in hand or you 're just ruining people's lives.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | Who is "we?"
         | 
         | The people making the decisions to replace their workforce with
         | AI and automation are doing so to maximize their profits, not
         | to improve society or the quality of any life but their own.
         | 
         | Assuming you aren't a member of the capitalist class, and thus
         | complicit, you don't have a say in the matter. They aren't
         | putting the future they're implementing up to a vote. They
         | don't care if you want it. They don't care if you die in the
         | street like a dog.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | > 500,000 stows in operational warehouses
       | 
       | Isn't that a pretty tiny number?
       | 
       | I assume a human probably does 1 every 5 seconds (it's much
       | easier to put an item on a shelf than to take it off).
       | 
       | So that's about 5 months human output.
        
       | oxqbldpxo wrote:
       | Is there a future where we stop buying so much garbage?
        
         | snek_case wrote:
         | There are many futures where humanity stops.
        
           | eddieroger wrote:
           | All of them, really, if you're willing to wait long enough.
        
         | sph wrote:
         | We're moving towards a future where the entire earth and
         | asteroid belt are mined by machines to build more machines.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | No we aren't, not even a little.
        
         | havblue wrote:
         | If we can promote right to repair a bit more, we could actually
         | talk about this.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | Consumerism can be avoided regardless of right to repair
           | legislation. We just stop buying shit we don't really need
           | which is most of what people buy on Amazon I imagine.
        
             | tombert wrote:
             | If your argument begins with "people should just..." then
             | generally you've already lost the argument. The fact is
             | that people _aren 't_ doing whatever you're suggesting, for
             | whatever reason, and no amount of righteous indignation is
             | going to suddenly make people change that. I guess you can
             | sit there smug and feel good about yourself, and that's
             | worth something, but you can't expect people to give a shit
             | about that.
             | 
             | In this case, legislation could help ameliorate this
             | problem, and maybe taxing the _actual_ cost of things (e.g.
             | environmental impact) instead of just letting the future
             | generations deal with it.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | sounds like you are saying that "people should just" stop
               | making that argument and that "people should just" pass
               | legislation.
               | 
               | Most of what you said can be applied reflexively.
               | 
               | Humans will and agency is the foundation of society. It
               | is required to pass legislation or taxes as well.
        
               | havblue wrote:
               | At the risk of splitting hairs, I was suggesting that
               | people "promote the right to repair" more and not
               | necessarily "pass legislation". While I agree that it's a
               | good goal to buy less plastic junk, the subject probably
               | needs more of a positive narrative behind it to gain
               | traction. Repairability is a positive way to look at our
               | stuff (eg speed queens and Toyotas last forever!).
               | Plastic junk is a negative.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | We probably agree in our interests. Almost nobody is for
               | "plastic junk", described as such. Im not opposed to
               | repair rights in general. I think it is relatively niche,
               | but that isn't a reason to oppose it (people can be for
               | multiple thing).
               | 
               | What I do think is powerful is cultivating anti-
               | consumerism or selective consumption behavior and belief.
               | The desire for reparability falls within within this.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | Well, no, when I say "people should just" arguments, I'm
               | referring to arguments that talk about society at large.
               | I think those are bad arguments. I didn't say "people
               | should stop", I just think it's a bad argument, they're
               | obviously free to make bad arguments. I wouldn't take
               | that right away from them even if I could.
               | 
               | "People should just" pass legislation would be specific
               | to congress, so not quite the same thing, or at least not
               | the kind of argument that I was referring to. You're free
               | to think it's a dumb argument but there's a slight
               | pedantic difference.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | >People should just" pass legislation would be specific
               | to congress, so not quite the same thing, or at least not
               | the kind of argument that I was referring to.
               | 
               | Isn't that even worse? In that case it's entirely
               | externalizing the problem.
               | 
               | I think I take the opposite position to you. I think that
               | arguments (or discussions) about society at large are the
               | most important and critical.
               | 
               | I think there is a common trend to ignore and dismiss the
               | importance of decentralized social values and individual
               | choice, instead only focusing on concrete policy
               | proposals.
               | 
               | The latter is almost never productive without consensus
               | on the former. If 90% of people want disposable crap, it
               | will be difficult to shove a law down their throat
               | preventing them from getting it.
               | 
               | Either way, as a result of being triggered by social
               | opinions, you seems to miss the point of the parent post,
               | namely, that right to repair only addresses a tiny
               | fraction of consumerism, nor is it a prerequisite to buy
               | less garbage in general.
               | 
               | The solution to people buying single use toys and
               | inflatable Jacuzzis on Amazon is not to mandate their
               | repairability.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | I think religion is stupid. I think it's harmful. If I
               | said "people should just stop being religious" and acted
               | like that in itself was in any way insightful, you would
               | consider that a dumb argument.
               | 
               | To be clear, this isn't to say community outreach is bad
               | or a waste of time. I think getting the larger populous
               | onboard with the narrative that you think is going to
               | make the world best is a good thing, please don't let me
               | stop you.
               | 
               | I have mostly seen these arguments pop up with giving
               | teenagers access to birth control, with conservatives
               | saying stuff like "people should just stop having sex out
               | of wedlock" or something to that effect, and act that
               | argument along is an insightful or useful comment.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | The people were going to church and getting harmed and
               | someone proposed a 5 cent wafer tax as a solution, a
               | response that "no, people actually just need to stop
               | going" is useful and insightful.
               | 
               | It points out that the tax doesn't solve the actual
               | problem. It points out that any solution will require
               | people not wanting to go to church. It is not a complete
               | instructions set.
               | 
               | I think you are confusing use in normative statements
               | (value judgments or opinions) with instructional
               | statements (step by step how to).
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | Just to be clear, I think the act of being religious is
               | harmful even if you were to get rid of every single
               | church. Pedantic, yes, but the point is that this is
               | purely a behavioral thing, not a specific action. I have
               | tax-free ideas on the best ways to go about getting
               | people to stop believing in dumb things but those are far
               | beyond the scope of this conversation.
               | 
               | I am not "confusing" anything. In the case of teenage
               | pregnancy, I have seen the conversation start and stop
               | with "teenagers just shouldn't have sex".
               | 
               | If you're just saying "I wish the world were X", then
               | sure you can make a declarative statement about what
               | people are doing. That's not what I have an issue with.
               | 
               | My issue is when people make a statement like "people
               | should just..." without engaging in any meaningful way
               | for that to happen.
               | 
               | Taxes on harmful behavior is one possible way we can
               | curve it. It's not the only way, and I am not claiming as
               | such, but clearly righteous indignation telling people to
               | stop using single-use plastics has not worked. We can wax
               | philosophical as to why it hasn't worked, and there might
               | be value in that, but I just don't think it's
               | particularly useful to begin an argument with "people
               | should just stop buying single use plastic" as if that by
               | itself is a meaningful thing to say.
        
               | barbazoo wrote:
               | > I guess you can sit there smug and feel good about
               | yourself, and that's worth something, but you can't
               | expect people to give a shit about that.
               | 
               | You can assume that that's the kind of person you're
               | conversing with but you'd be wrong.
               | 
               | I agree with you on taxing things to account and pay for
               | externalities.
        
               | tombert wrote:
               | Sorry, I think I read a bit more indignation in your
               | message than you intended.
               | 
               | I mostly have a visceral reaction to "people should
               | just.." arguments because I heard stuff like that brought
               | up a lot during abortion arguments, particularly in
               | regards to birth control.
               | 
               | "Teenagers should just stop having sex!!" was something I
               | thought was particularly dumb, because a) have they never
               | been a teenager? that's all a lot of them think about cuz
               | hormones and b) whether or not they _should_ , they're
               | going to anyway.
               | 
               | Anyway, sorry for the kind of pissy response, no offense
               | meant.
        
           | vlovich123 wrote:
           | People who advocate for right to repair (which I'm in favor
           | of by the way) sometimes ignore the economic realities.
           | 
           | For example, my dad was an electrical engineer who could fix
           | any radio or TV. Reality: radios & TVs were relatively
           | expensive AND the circuits within them were relatively large
           | (observable with the naked eye or at least a magnifying
           | glass). Today "repair" means at most replacing a capacitor
           | although it's often cheaper & more efficient to just swap out
           | a board. That of course assumes the board is still being
           | manufactured and there are costs for companies to continue
           | doing that, especially how fast technology moves forward.
           | 
           | Of course there are reasonable rights to repair we should
           | have like being able to replace the software with software of
           | our choosing, being able to modify parts within things we
           | own, etc. But it won't be like it was prior to the 2000s
           | where you could actually meaningfully enact repairs on
           | electronic components by swapping out small easily available
           | generic parts.
           | 
           | There are also secondary considerations like security that we
           | haven't figured out technical answers to for right to repair
           | (i.e. right to repair today also often means right to inject
           | security vulnerabilities).
        
             | jajuuka wrote:
             | I actually work in the industrial repair industry. The
             | thing to remember is not every company is insanely rich.
             | Maybe top level companies but they are supported by a wide
             | network of smaller companies. Those smaller companies don't
             | have a ton of money to throw around. The manufacturers of
             | the equipment have become quite greedy. The majority of
             | them offer whole systems and then if anything breaks they
             | want to charge an insane amount to send out a field
             | engineer. And then if something is broke most of the time
             | they either don't carry that part/panel/whatever in stock
             | and will try and upsell you to the new model which is of
             | course a massive investment.
             | 
             | So repair shops fill the gap for all these smaller
             | companies and factories to get support higher than the on
             | staff maintenance. Not everything is fixable though. They
             | may use unique hardware signatures on drives or FPGA's or
             | PAL's with security bit enabled. That has been true for a
             | while though. Even in consolidation there is still plenty
             | of business and repairs to be made.
             | 
             | Conversely the medically industry might be a good example.
             | Anyone making medical equipment has to provide
             | documentation on it. Which makes them far more repairable
             | and easily diagnosable.
             | 
             | TV's especially are peak commodity. They are so cheap that
             | the skilled labor cost to fix them isn't economically. They
             | also are not easily transportable so repair and resell is a
             | rough business for them. Things like laptops and phones
             | though seems much more reasonable. Plenty of people do that
             | professionally or even as a hobby. I like a large portion
             | of repairs on those types of devices can be fairly
             | economical and Chinese part makers provide plenty of
             | affordable parts. It would cost OEM's extra to keep these
             | parts in stock, but it's not a terrible hard task.
             | Providing schematics also isn't a huge ask. Most are
             | reverse engineered anyway.
             | 
             | When it comes to security I think this is fairly simple.
             | Provide a blank security chip and create a secure method to
             | connect and program it. Apple does this with its self
             | repair when it comes to matching hardware UID's in the
             | firmware so all the functionality is unlocked. Companies
             | like Apple and Samsung can keep their Knox and Secure
             | Enclave/exclave. Data can be seen as something that is not
             | repairable in most cases. But they can provide the parts
             | the secure a device again and leave it as a blank slate.
             | 
             | The biggest problem with Right to Repair is pricing. Right
             | now Chinese makers can whip out parts for really cheap.
             | Comparing to official parts from Apple or Google or Samsung
             | when they did sell them and they are way higher and
             | sometimes prohibitively so. Would be better to treat it
             | like auto parts. Where you can get the OEM part or the
             | third party part and both can work. Some things like
             | security would need to be first party, but that would be a
             | great deal. So it's doable, but would require a LOT of
             | political will against tech companies. So it's just a
             | really tough sell to get to that point.
        
         | WillPostForFood wrote:
         | 145% tariff on China means we get to test that future very
         | soon.
        
         | j_timberlake wrote:
         | Be the change you wish to see in the world.
        
       | mapt wrote:
       | This seems insane. We're trying to teach Longshoreman's Tetris to
       | machines, instead of using the system of standard
       | containerization that almost completely replaced longshoremen,
       | despite lower packing densities.
        
         | Dylan16807 wrote:
         | If Amazon had to load and unload entire warehouses as fast as
         | possible, they wouldn't do this. The constraints they're
         | operating under are completely different.
        
         | dialup_sounds wrote:
         | The containerization is at a higher level: the rack of yellow
         | bins is a four-sided tower that is robotically driven in and
         | out of tightly packed uniform rows.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Right. Containers being a standard size is great so you don't
           | have to care about what's inside the containers. At the AMZN
           | warehouse, they absolutely care about what's in the
           | containers, and what's in the container is no longer anywhere
           | close to be standard size/shape/weight.
        
             | mapt wrote:
             | The container is the standardization. One container per
             | unit of product. Containers ("bins") dimensioned in
             | multiples of some standard unit that evenly divides a grid
             | system on a rack. Stuffing looks like "a pallet of
             | identical goods appears on one side of your workspace and
             | 150 individual 100mm x 200mm x 400mm bins appear on the
             | other side and the job is to put A into B". Storage
             | operations look like they do now using the robot racks.
             | Emptying looks like "Three bins of various sizes shows up
             | on one side and a cardboard box appears on the other side".
             | You divide the tasks up and have a different machine or
             | human for each. The benefit is you always have a reliably
             | identical picking and stuffing task per item, and there is
             | never a bin of remainder items that has to be pushed back
             | into the system. The cost is lowered storage efficiency.
             | You don't even have to break a pallet at a DC, you can
             | design for distribution of bins (at a higher transport
             | cost).
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | This is good news actually, while you have less jobs, hopefully
       | new ones are created, people in the future don't have the option
       | to work slave like jobs.
        
         | cogidub wrote:
         | hopefully
        
         | gruntbuggly wrote:
         | I see this thinking thrown around often, but I don't see how
         | net new jobs would be created by efficiencies. Amazon wouldn't
         | adopt robots if it created more employment overhead downstream.
         | Sure, there will be robot maintainers, but not at a replacement
         | level of the roles replaced. Companies adopt technologies
         | because they reduce the net amount of human input (cost)
         | required, right?
        
           | marcellus23 wrote:
           | Well, the industrial revolution has been a story of
           | continuous efficiency gains and increasing automation, but
           | somehow there's still enough jobs.
        
             | gruntbuggly wrote:
             | Certainly, for 95% of americans that's been true recently,
             | but ai seems more positioned as a qualitative than a
             | quantitative shift. maybe my defining it in terms of
             | efficiency is incorrect. Moreover these types of mundane
             | tasks are a product of that industrialization. so i'm
             | puzzled by the thinking of 'more efficiency to fix the
             | pains brought on by efficiencies'
        
       | thisisnotauser wrote:
       | Henry Ford famously wanted his workers to be able to afford his
       | cars. When Bezos replaces everyone with robots, who will be left
       | to buy his junk?
        
         | bdangubic wrote:
         | UBI FTW :)
        
           | noisy_boy wrote:
           | There is a crucial Basic in the middle.
        
         | disambiguation wrote:
         | Once Bezos replaces everyone with robots, why would he need
         | anyone to buy his junk anymore?
        
           | dh2022 wrote:
           | That is one of his ways of extracting value from society - by
           | selling his junk.
        
             | mhb wrote:
             | Crazy right? It's almost like the people buying stuff are
             | idiots who don't understand their own needs and values.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | Given how much time they spend on social media and how
               | much money they spend on keeping up with the Jones.....
               | yes?
        
         | kajumix wrote:
         | Once he replaces everyone with robots, and all the factories do
         | the same, people will get stuff at home for watching ads.
        
           | iamtheworstdev wrote:
           | but ads exist to convince people to buy things. if people
           | can't afford to buy things, why would you need ads?
        
             | entropicdrifter wrote:
             | So they can buy things with their ad-watching money.
        
             | kajumix wrote:
             | you may not need to buy a box of cereal or a vacuum
             | cleaner, but maybe a flight to moon, or a humanoid
             | companion? products move up a level
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | And what labor are you going to be doing to afford those
               | upleveled products?
        
               | kajumix wrote:
               | it's a good question. what would true abundance look
               | like? I can't wait to find out
        
             | hattmall wrote:
             | Products will become advertisements themselves. It could be
             | cheaper and more effective to send everyone a box of Tesla
             | Tasty-Electrons cereal than TV or Social media and slots.
             | 
             | Casinos provide free drinks, cartels offer free
             | prostitutes, it's not unprecedented.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > Casinos provide free drinks
               | 
               | Because people will spend money. The premise here is no-
               | one has money, but somehow adverts exist.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | Maybe we pay people a small fee to watch ads?
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | Henry Ford just wanted to be rich and said something that
         | sounded good and inspired people to work for him. Bezos does
         | similar things for his workers.
        
           | hashiyakshmi wrote:
           | That may be true, but it certainly helped that he DID pay his
           | workers enough for them to be able to afford the cars they
           | were making.
        
             | vinceguidry wrote:
             | Not enough to offset losing their fingers left and right.
        
             | claudiulodro wrote:
             | It might be apocryphal, but my understanding is that he did
             | this less out of a sense of civic duty and more because the
             | skilled tradespeople liked their existing lifestyle and did
             | not want to work in factories much, so they needed a big
             | raise to be convinced.
        
               | burnerthrow008 wrote:
               | I think it's even simpler than that: To run an assembly
               | line, you need all stations staffed at the same time. You
               | can't run the line if you're missing staff for just one
               | station, but you still have to pay all the people who
               | _did_ show up.
               | 
               | So the easy solution is just to pay a lot and threaten to
               | fire (and possibly blacklist) anyone who no-shows. Since
               | the pay is much higher than they can get elsewhere, the
               | people are much more likely to show up.
               | 
               | The high pay probably also helped find people who would
               | tolerate the extremely intrusive practices of Ford's
               | "morality police" (my term), who would inspect worker's
               | homes to ensure they were living "the right way".
        
           | vishalontheline wrote:
           | Didn't he pay more than his competitors and get sued by his
           | competitors for not acting in the the best interest of his
           | shareholders (by wanting to pay his workers even more)?
        
             | AndrewKemendo wrote:
             | Kind of but it was moreso that he wanted to invest in
             | expansion and R&D while driving prices down for consumers
             | 
             | See: Dodge vs Ford
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | Fascinating read especially when viewed from the
               | strategic angling to make Ford _less_ profitable and cut
               | off the minority shareholders the Dodge brothers from the
               | dividend revenue stream they were using to build a rival
               | company. So ironically, while the court held that the
               | board had to prioritize shareholder profits, he would
               | have realized greater shareholder profits by stifling the
               | competition in its crib.
        
               | burnerthrow008 wrote:
               | > while the court held that the board had to prioritize
               | shareholder profits
               | 
               | It's a bit more nuanced than that. The court held that
               | company directors have to be acting for the benefit of
               | shareholders. They still have wide latitude about how to
               | do that.
               | 
               | The reason Ford lost is because his legal position was
               | essentially "I am king, therefore I can do whatever I
               | want". But you can't do _whatever_ you want. You can 't
               | lock the workers in the factory and burn it down with
               | them inside, for example. You need to have some kind of
               | colorable argument that what you are doing is somehow in
               | the interest of shareholders (either long or short term).
               | 
               | The problem for Ford was that he couldn't articulate
               | _any_ reason for how his actions were beneficial to
               | shareholders (probably because the real reason, killing
               | the Dodge Brothers Company, would have been illegal under
               | the antitrust laws of the time).
        
             | burnerthrow008 wrote:
             | No, Henry Ford's goal was to screw the Dodge brothers
             | (whose other company, Dodge Brothers Company, needed a cash
             | injection), not to help his workers.
             | 
             | The Dodge brothers were major investors in Ford Motor
             | Company, and thus entitled to a large share of dividends.
             | Henry Ford tried to bankrupt the Dodge Motor Company by
             | avoiding to pay FoMoCo dividends and thus starve his
             | competitor of cash. The fact that the mechanism Ford used
             | to make his own company unprofitable (and thus avoid paying
             | dividends) also benefited the workers is just coincidence.
             | 
             | In fact the reason we have the modern precedent "companies
             | must operate for the benefit of shareholders" is precisely
             | because Henry Ford's defense in Dodge v. Ford was "I can do
             | this because I want to and I am king". If he had argued
             | "paying workers more makes them happier and thus makes Ford
             | more profitable in the long term", Ford probably would have
             | won that lawsuit. He didn't make that argument because it
             | just wasn't on his radar: His goal was screwing Dodge.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | I don't think they think that far ahead. I'm not sure why
         | they'd risk their head.
        
         | ck2 wrote:
         | Henry Ford had a knob made that controlled the speed of the
         | assembly line.
         | 
         | He routinely would keep dialing it up and up and up until too
         | many people rage quit and then dial it down just a notch.
         | 
         | One of the first things unions negotiated for when they stated
         | was control of that knob.
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | If someone else replaces all workers with robots first instead,
         | what will Bezos do then?
         | 
         | What you are describing is a political problem, not one for
         | entrepreneurs. IMO the solution would be a form of UBI that we
         | can smoothly increase as automation in fact removes jobs or
         | lowers wages. I'd like to see that start ASAP, but OTOH we are
         | still close to record-low unemployment and the last years saw
         | the largest wage increases at the lower end in decades.
        
           | HighGoldstein wrote:
           | > What you are describing is a political problem, not one for
           | entrepreneurs. IMO the solution would be a form of UBI that
           | we can smoothly increase as automation in fact removes jobs
           | or lowers wages.
           | 
           | The most successful entrepreneurs like Bezos are also the
           | biggest political influencers, and instead of UBI they are
           | advocating for less tax for themselves.
           | 
           | >I'd like to see that start ASAP, but OTOH we are still close
           | to record-low unemployment and the last years saw the largest
           | wage increases at the lower end in decades.
           | 
           | The last years also saw the highest rates of inflation in
           | decades. Even basic necessities are the least affordable
           | they've been in a long time, let alone something like
           | housing.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | There will be plenty of money to be made serving the needs and
         | interests of the wealthy, while the rest of us are serviced by
         | an informal economy that doesn't see institutional investment.
         | 
         | Look at street markets in countries with high wealth disparity.
         | The well-off wouldn't shop or eat there, and they certainly
         | wouldn't invest in a street vendor, the vendors are meant to
         | serve the needs of people in poverty.
         | 
         | See Citigroup's plutonomy paper[1] that explores what that
         | would look like and what investment strategies investors should
         | take. The _tl;dr_ is that the formal economy will abandon lower
         | classes in favor of making a ton of money serving plutocrats
         | and their friends and families instead.
         | 
         | [1] https://delong.typepad.com/plutonomy-1.pdf
        
           | econ wrote:
           | Same as it always was except from the last few decades.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | Plenty of people who don't work for Amazon already buy stuff
         | from there. I guess I mostly see the jobs as exchanging labour
         | for something that society values and so by automating, there
         | is more labour available to do things society values and so
         | society gets more of what it values. And if you think working
         | for Amazon is bad for people then you should be happy if
         | automation is decreasing the number of people suffering that
         | bad thing (though automation won't always decrease this, eg see
         | rise in number of bank tellers/branches in the US). But that
         | isn't really the way that lots of people talk about jobs and so
         | if what you want is for people to have somewhere local where
         | they can exchange their time for money to spend on goods and
         | services then I guess automation and efficiency don't really
         | matter because the point of the job is to ensure the worker has
         | money coming in rather than to ensure that something useful
         | comes out of it. That latter point of view is pretty popular
         | and I think I'm describing it pretty terribly - I'm sure there
         | is a much more reasonable argument for it.
        
           | guhidalg wrote:
           | I think the latter view is usually held by people who know
           | they won't experience productivity gains from automation.
           | 
           | Say someone who is has driven a taxi all their life or driven
           | a forklift. They can appreciate how adding air-conditioning
           | to their vehicle allows them to drive in hotter days,
           | therefore they can do more work. But automating their whole
           | job away with autonomous vehicles doesn't benefit them, so
           | they don't want it.
           | 
           | Personally, I think those people can't be picky about their
           | jobs. If you do something that is automatable, you will be
           | out of a job sooner or later. When that happens, don't get
           | mad and go find another soon-to-be automated job.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | meanwhile, i wont mind if they trash your robot taxi so
             | that its inoperable. shoulda put that money and automation
             | into something that doesnt break so easily
        
             | myself248 wrote:
             | Pray tell, what jobs can't be automated soon?
        
               | guhidalg wrote:
               | The ones where human interaction is the point. Education,
               | bar tenders, nursing, tourism, for example.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | Japan is moving fast on a few of these, particularly as
               | their population is rapidly aging.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | The unfortunate reality is that humans seem to have this
               | innate desire to get rid of ourselves. I see us trying to
               | automated everything. To what end, I do not know.
        
           | tw04 wrote:
           | The ultimate endgame is either a significant reduction in
           | global population, or UBI. You can't just keep automating
           | every non-knowledge job away and just hope people find
           | something else to do.
           | 
           | All those jobs in Detroit that went away were replaced by...?
           | As best I can tell they were replaced by poverty and crime.
        
             | jajuuka wrote:
             | Detroit is an odd example. You have the cornerstone
             | industry up and leaving the area, followed by race riots
             | which led to white flight and the middle class leaving the
             | city. This led to a vacuum in support and jobs leaving the
             | new majority black population and poor to fend for
             | themselves. Two historically oppressed groups now yolked to
             | a dying city.
             | 
             | It's more an example of how racism and reliance on singular
             | industry can quickly create pits that are largely
             | insurmountable. Similar cases can be found in coal country
             | in Appalachia. The lesson isn't to prop up local industry
             | to maintain job and economic stability. The lesson is to
             | stage out disruption. ILA recently took this on with
             | automation in shipping. The goal isn't to prevent
             | automation but to not give companies a blank check to mass
             | fire workers and replace them with automation.
        
               | tw04 wrote:
               | So ignore Detroit, pick a city that based their economy
               | on literally any manufacturing industry that up and left.
               | What was the replacement work that maintained middle
               | class families at the same numbers?
        
             | sydbarrett74 wrote:
             | Judging from efforts in the US to make health care harder
             | and harder to obtain, I'm betting on the former, especially
             | if other countries follow suit. Slowly letting people die
             | from untreated chronic diseases may be seen as more humane
             | than outright mass slaughter.
        
               | apercu wrote:
               | I don't understand the endgame. If everyone is poor and
               | dying who is buying all the useless/social credit shit
               | until there are 100m "wealthy" people left? And if "they"
               | (whoever they are, I think we all give "wealthy" people
               | far too much credit, many that I've known are pretty
               | empty, insecure people lacking any real self awareness)
               | want everyone else dead, why are all "developed"
               | countries pushing for higher birthrates and encouraging
               | immigration from less developed countries?
        
             | SR2Z wrote:
             | > You can't just keep automating every non-knowledge job
             | away and just hope people find something else to do.
             | 
             | [citation needed]
             | 
             | We've been at it for more than a century now and it seems
             | to be working pretty well for nearly everyone!
             | 
             | Our goal is not to preserve jobs. Our goal is to be more
             | productive for fewer resources.
             | 
             | Jobs in Detroit went away - but so did the people, who
             | found new jobs in other cities. There has been no lasting
             | unemployment from automation, ever.
             | 
             | Human beings are good for more than pulling levers and
             | carrying heavy objects and we do each other a disservice by
             | pretending otherwise.
        
         | rendang wrote:
         | We're more automated than we've ever been & unemployment is
         | close to all-time lows. Why don't you get back to us with this
         | when it's at least 6 or 7 percent...
        
           | antisthenes wrote:
           | Are you somehow connecting low unemployment with high
           | purchasing power by your median worker through a bunch of
           | logical hoops?
        
             | rendang wrote:
             | Inflation-adjusted wages are at all time highs at the top.
             | 
             | Inflation-adjusted wages are at all time highs in the
             | middle.
             | 
             | Inflation-adjusted wages are at all time highs at the
             | bottom.
             | 
             | https://data.epi.org/wages/hourly_wage_percentiles/line/yea
             | r...
        
           | mattigames wrote:
           | Unemployment being at all time lows means nothing if those
           | employed with the minimum wage cannot afford the same quality
           | of life than people did in the past earning the minimum wage
           | of their time, because it means you aren't really comparing
           | the same thing.
        
             | rendang wrote:
             | The minimum wage is not relevant as very few people make
             | it. Wage earners at the top, bottom, and middle can afford
             | a better (materially speaking) quality of life in the USA
             | than at any time in the past:
             | 
             | https://data.epi.org/wages/hourly_wage_percentiles/line/yea
             | r...
        
               | mattigames wrote:
               | This doesn't seem to take into account the price of land
               | or the price of education or the price of healthcare,
               | therefore claiming that they can afford a better quality
               | of life it's highly misleading, if this is taking such
               | things into account I would like to know exactly how.
        
               | rendang wrote:
               | All of those are part of the basket of goods and services
               | tracked in the Consumer Price Index
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | > unemployment is close to all-time lows.
           | 
           | Job quality is deteriorating, more people are holding more
           | than one job, part time jobs are increasingly common, almost
           | half of US workers are in low-wage jobs, wages have
           | stagnated... It's a nice statistic, but unemployment rates
           | don't tell much of the story on the ground, in people's lived
           | experiences. That side of the story is overwhelmingly getting
           | worse.
        
         | mannyv wrote:
         | Bezos doesn't make the stuff on amazon, so your question is
         | moot.
        
         | arghwhat wrote:
         | The point wasn't really that workers should be the primary
         | clientele, just that the average worker should be able to
         | afford it, and if that wasn't the case the price of the goods
         | should be lowered, or a trend started for higher worker
         | compensation.
         | 
         | Robotic workers lower operational costs and can make goods more
         | accessible, and it's common for various manual labour jobs to
         | be lost when industries change - the labour shifts elsewhere,
         | and generally higher.
         | 
         | (If this wasn't true, unemployment would have constantly grown
         | worldwide since the first automaton replaced a human job or
         | government outlawed certain manual industries, which isn't the
         | case. Workforces do and must adapt to needs and trends.)
        
           | allturtles wrote:
           | I think the point is that once robots can do everything human
           | bodies do and AIs can do everything human minds do, there is
           | nowhere left for humans to go. Just like horses didn't find
           | new employment when internal combustion engines reached the
           | point where they could do everything a horse does but better
           | and cheaper.
        
             | exe34 wrote:
             | Poor people will go the way of the horse.
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | I think the horses were pretty okay with not being bred
             | into slavery.
             | 
             | But there's a very, _very_ big difference between
             | "automate dumb task with unimpressive efficiency that beats
             | humans because humans have to pee, eat and sleep", and AI
             | supplanting humans in society.
             | 
             | Robots isn't an important step in that path tbh.
             | Intelligence is, and we still aren't close, even when
             | throwing entire hyperscale datacenters at the problem...
        
         | opo wrote:
         | >Henry Ford famously wanted his workers to be able to afford
         | his cars.
         | 
         | Amazing how that bit of PR is still being quoted over 100 years
         | later. In reality, Ford had huge turnover problems with his
         | workers - one estimate is over 370% annual turnover. One way to
         | help prevent turnover is to pay more, and it solved the
         | problem. (Even so, the base pay was still actually $2.30 and to
         | get the extra $2.70 you had to abstain from alcohol, keep your
         | home clean, etc.)
         | 
         | https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/henry-ford-implements-5...
        
         | SubiculumCode wrote:
         | Post-human Capitalism: androids are the new consumer.
        
         | MangoCoffee wrote:
         | New types of jobs are created every year. When I was young,
         | there was no such thing as streaming video games and getting
         | paid for it. Now, young kids and adults are making bank by
         | playing video games and letting the whole world watch
        
           | pixelready wrote:
           | I'm all for creative disruption, but what worries me is when
           | I see a pattern of stable employment being displaced by
           | algorithmically mediated gig work and viral entertainer lotto
           | tickets. This is a dangerous trend in general, but the US is
           | especially poorly positioned because of its lack of strong
           | safety nets. When the foundation of your economy is hollowed
           | out to make it ever more top-heavy, you're destined for
           | collapse.
        
         | uniq7 wrote:
         | For example, people who work at Ford.
         | 
         | In exchange, in the long term they won't be able to afford the
         | cars they produce anymore.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | As long as the pace of automation does not exceed some max rate
         | that people can't figure out what to do with the excess labor,
         | we should be ok.
         | 
         | Though I suppose it's always possible that we'll reach
         | something of a "singularity" where we enter the realm of The
         | Phools, by Stanislaw Lem. I can't find a copy of it online, so
         | you might just have to buy the book in which that short story
         | appears.
         | 
         | Briefly and to spoil it: In the story there is a planet with
         | human-like people called Phools and a very stratified, hyper-
         | capitalistic society with three classes, workers, priests, and
         | owners, and someone invents computer that fully automates all
         | factories which then causes 100% unemployment among the workers
         | who then start starving to death. In the story the owners and
         | priests ask the inventor to ask the computer to come up with a
         | solution. You can imagine what the computer came up with... At
         | the end the traveler screams at them something like "Phools!
         | All you had to do was redistribute your income!".
         | 
         | Today -and on this planet- there are certainly a few people
         | today who speak of "useless eaters" and who would like the
         | outcome from that short story. And I can imagine that happening
         | almost naturally. Already fertility rates are crashing
         | worldwide, and we're on a path towards a crashing human
         | population worldwide, and if that happens naturally then I
         | think it means that humans respond to price and other signals
         | and adjust their family planning accordingly, and that would
         | not be a bad thing. Pray though that it's not like in The
         | Phools where the population crashed in a much more dramatic and
         | speedy way, and not at all naturally.
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | I worked as stow, that job is brutal man, you gotta last 2-3 hrs
       | at a time 3x a day for a 10hr shift. They don't like you
       | listening to music so you gotta just sit there in silence.
       | Luckily I got to unload trucks and I started drinking to get
       | through it on my breaks.
       | 
       | Still it's tough to beat a place where you can walk in with no
       | skills and start making $20/hr
        
         | throwaway314155 wrote:
         | > I started drinking to get through it on my breaks
         | 
         | That bad, huh?
        
           | ge96 wrote:
           | It just made it more fun. There was a liquor store nearby so
           | drive to it on the 30 minute break, pound a couple 100 proof
           | 100ml bottles (99 Apples), back to it. That job was more fun
           | than stow.
           | 
           | If you're curious can read the subreddit /r/amazonfc
           | 
           | They did recently start allowing you to buy their own
           | approved headphones but before you'd get written up for being
           | on your phone/having headphones in
        
             | lr1970 wrote:
             | > pound a couple 100 proof 100ml bottles, back to it. That
             | job was more fun than stow.
             | 
             | WoW, you can hold your liquor :-)
        
       | damion6 wrote:
       | Great they can stop killing people. Only place I ever worked
       | where the ambulances came 1-5 times a day to save the old people
       | they abuse
        
       | greekanalyst wrote:
       | It's clear we are near an event horizon moment.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | Does this have any potential to get costs down for customers
       | though?
        
         | rsyring wrote:
         | Costs are fine IMO.
         | 
         | I'd rather see quality improve, even at a reasonable cost
         | increase, and the disappearance of the alphabet soup brands and
         | similar.
        
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