[HN Gopher] Structuring Competency-Based Courses Through Skill T...
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       Structuring Competency-Based Courses Through Skill Trees
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 40 points
       Date   : 2025-05-05 13:34 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | didgeoridoo wrote:
       | Exercism.org takes this approach; I'm not sure if it's super
       | pedagogically-driven or more about making it fun and keeping a
       | sense of progression (maybe it can be both?)
       | 
       | I wonder which fields of knowledge are resistant to being
       | structured like this from a learning perspective.
        
       | Garlef wrote:
       | From the requirements - or rather desired properties.
       | 
       | > Subskills cover skills
       | 
       | Isn't this requirement a common fallacy in education?
       | 
       | First, just because you know skill A and skill B does not mean
       | you can automatically do both A and B together. (Of course it
       | helps!)
       | 
       | Assume you're learning a to play piece of music. If you learn a
       | given sequence [A, B] and start with individually learning the
       | parts A and B you'd still have to practice the transition.
       | 
       | Second, just because you know a composite skill does not mean you
       | can do each part individually.
       | 
       | Again assume you've learned to play a part of a piece of music
       | and the notes constituting this part can be decomposed as [A, B].
       | Then you'd not directly know how to play B on it's own because
       | you've propably learnt to enter B transitioning from A.
       | 
       | Still: I think the overvall approach is interesting. Just the
       | details might be a bit off.
        
         | schmidtleonard wrote:
         | Sure but don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good. "Big
         | bucket of courses, bring your own plan" and "here's your mass
         | produced course plan that may or may not be optimized for
         | departmental needs rather than yours" are both pretty rough. A
         | skill tree is a step up even if it needs a little (or a lot) of
         | refinement.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > > Subskills cover skills > Isn't this requirement a common
         | fallacy in education?
         | 
         | Whole careers have been built on being one of only a few people
         | in the world who can perform A and B together. Like that
         | physics guy who can also write good sci-fi.
         | 
         | There are 3 skills actually. A, B, and A u B. That intersection
         | is often the hardest.
        
           | queuebert wrote:
           | > Like that physics guy who can also write good sci-fi.
           | 
           | Stephen Baxter? Or someone else?
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | I was thinking Andy Weir but yeah there's probably several.
             | A strong physics background surely helps with writing
             | better sci-fi
        
             | antonvs wrote:
             | Alastair Reynolds is who I thought of. PhD in astrophysics,
             | worked at ESA. But there are several other scifi authors
             | with decent physics resumes.
        
           | chrisweekly wrote:
           | Yeah, I've heard this referred to as "skill-stacking".
           | 
           | If you're in the top 10-20% at two different things, you
           | might be in the top 1% of people who can do both.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | Is your skill tree too sparse? Instead of                   [A,
         | B]
         | 
         | maybe it should be                   [A, A->B, B]
        
           | yorwba wrote:
           | Yes, the whole point of having the "Subskills cover skills"
           | requirement is that if this requirement is not fulfilled, the
           | skill tree is missing a subskill and needs to be expanded.
           | The authors state that in the process of building a skill
           | tree for their database course, they noticed that SQL
           | triggers were introduced without discussing SQL update
           | queries first. Probably because they hadn't tried to
           | explicitly list all requirements at such a fine-grained level
           | before.
        
       | roenxi wrote:
       | This idea is probably more interesting if applied to software
       | engineering _management_. There is a bit of a competency crisis
       | among software managers where it isn 't possible to tell whether
       | they are any good at what they are allegedly doing.
       | 
       | The kneejerk reaction of most businesses seems to be either
       | metrics that don't really work or relying on hypercompetent
       | individuals in the higher parts of the management tree. Neither
       | approach works particularly well. But I haven't seen a skill tree
       | style competency training & testing approach and I suspect it'd
       | work better than the apparent status quo. At least on paper the
       | managers have been trained to do something instead of just
       | dumping smart people into the role and hoping that they figure it
       | out.
       | 
       | For example someone can get certified in Agile and that is ... in
       | some sense a bit silly because then they just spend the rest of
       | their life noticing that most people don't use Agile. But a
       | skill-based approach to the components of Agile development and
       | training them to raise hackles in particular situations where
       | people make common bad architectural decisions would cause
       | productive cultural shifts. I suppose the sort of training that
       | gets done doesn't go far enough.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | If people decomposed agile into little bits they probably
         | wouldn't be doing agile anymore. The other day somebody posted
         | a question about "how do I push back about management going to
         | one week sprints?" My answer, which I didn't post then, was "if
         | management really wants to go fast _give up on sprints_ "
         | 
         | That is, Kanban + Continuous Integration >> Scrum by a lot.
         | Seen from that viewpoint sprints are not something that speeds
         | anything up (seductive name there!) but rather a bunch of phony
         | deadlines and needless meanings (you _really_ think people feel
         | psychologically safe in a retrospective meeting that was
         | scheduled just to have a meeting? is there _really_ something
         | worth talking about in an every two week one-on-one in your
         | manager which isn 't important enough to knock on their door
         | and ask about _right now?_ )
         | 
         | If I was evaluating a manager I'd probably get them to give me
         | a list of practices that they say their team is following and
         | then check to for conformance against that. I am less bothered
         | with do they do code reviews or not but rather "did they tell
         | me that they enforce five conventions in the code and looking
         | at the code I find they rarely do... Lets sit in on a code
         | review"
        
       | accrual wrote:
       | This makes a great deal of sense to me. If it's demonstratably
       | effective I'd love to see higher education incorporate it.
       | 
       | As a side note, I'm thinking about pursuing an MSc at Georgia
       | Tech OMSC. I wonder if the online nature of it takes into account
       | this kind of skill tree, or if it's more traditional.
        
         | Jtsummers wrote:
         | OMSCS is composed of multiple courses with no hard prerequisite
         | requirements (except for one course, and you can skip it if you
         | can persuade the professor). Within each course, they're
         | conventional. If the material lends itself to this form (not
         | all graduate courses do) then they may be in a similar form to
         | this just like any other college course that has a clear
         | progression of "You need to know X before you can produce/study
         | Y".
        
           | accrual wrote:
           | Thanks so much for the insight!
        
         | ecshafer wrote:
         | OMSCS is basically a normal university structure, except for
         | requiring you to do some foundational courses first (which
         | essentially act as a competency check for the rest of the
         | program).
        
       | johnecheck wrote:
       | Modeling mastery as a set of skills to be acquired with
       | prerequisites and requirements is clearly valuable. Visualization
       | can serve as a map that guides learners.
       | 
       | Universities employ this on a larger scale - degrees require
       | classes that require passing grades and prerequisites. I like the
       | idea of using it for smaller-scale learning like lessons,
       | classes, and job training.
        
       | whiteborb wrote:
       | a "Hard Problem" with this approach is that it needs definable,
       | enumerable "skills." real-world skills often involve flexibly
       | combining tools and tactics in new ways. but not impossible to
       | overcome (LLMs might be uniquely suited to help there actually -
       | coming up with new scenarios etc.)
        
         | mym1990 wrote:
         | I would argue the opposite, that LLMs are not good at creating
         | novel scenarios which span multiple domains, or sub-domains.
         | That is where creativity plays an important part. Of course an
         | LLM will spit out something that might look like a viable way
         | to combine tools and skills, whether it is correct is highly
         | questionable.
        
       | johnsutor wrote:
       | It looks pretty akin to mathacademy.com, which is fantastic for
       | brushing up on math concepts.
        
       | rahimnathwani wrote:
       | The PDF cites Justin's book about Math Academy.
       | 
       | I like how the paper lays out clearly the steps to create a skill
       | tree, and some general guidelines.
       | 
       | The paper is perfect for use as part of an LLM prompt, e.g.
       | Using the approach detailed in the attached paper, create a skill
       | tree for writing a magical realism novela.       Turn this into
       | mermaid code. Don't use parentheses in labels.
       | 
       | https://mermaid.live/edit#pako:eNqNWH9v2zgS_SqEFvufW8SWm228w...
        
       | pyinstallwoes wrote:
       | Reminds me of SWG skill tree pre CU nerf
        
       | cultofmetatron wrote:
       | looks like mathacademy's approach which I've found to be
       | extremely effective. I wish more moocs used this model of
       | teaching.
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | >Computer science education has seen two important trends. One
       | has been a shift from raw theory towards skills: competency-based
       | teaching.
       | 
       | There is no greater skill in computer science, science or
       | mathematics than a deep understanding of theory. It is the
       | understanding of how distinct things fit together, nothing could
       | be as helpful. Yes, even when developing a JS web app.
        
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